| Class / Patent application number | Description | Number of patent applications / Date published |
|---|
| 438082000 | Having organic semiconductor component | 45 |
| 20090203164 | ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL, DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL INCLUDING SAME, AND METHOD OF PREPARING SAME - An electrolyte composition for a dye sensitized solar cell according to one embodiment includes a first polymer or a non-volatile liquid compound having a weight average molecular weight of less than or equal to 500, a second polymer having a weight average molecular weight of more than or equal to 2000, inorganic nano-particles, and a redox derivative. | 08-13-2009 |
| 20090215219 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SOLAR CELL - A method for manufacturing a solar cell having a single crystal silicon substrate and an amorphous silicon layer provided at least on one side surface of the single crystal silicon substrate is provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) forming an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer by coating a first liquid containing silicon atoms on one surface of the single crystal silicon substrate, and sintering the first liquid coated; and (b) forming an impure amorphous silicon layer on the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer. | 08-27-2009 |
| 20090317939 | Fabrication Methods for Nano-Scale Chalcopyritic Powders and Polymeric Thin-Film Solar Cells - Fabrication methods for nano-scale chalcopyritic powders and polymeric thin-film solar cells are presented. The fabrication method for nano-scale chalcopyritic powders includes providing a solution consisting of group IB, IIIA, VIA elements on the chemistry periodic table or combinations thereof. The solution is heated by a microwave generator. The solution is washed and filtered by a washing agent. The solution is subsequently dried, thereby acquiring nano-scale chalcopyritic powders. | 12-24-2009 |
| 20100041177 | CONTROLLED GROWTH OF LARGER HETEROJUNCTION INTERFACE AREA FOR ORGANIC PHOTOSENSITIVE DEVICES - An optoelectronic device and a method of fabricating a photosensitive optoelectronic device includes depositing a first organic semiconductor material on a first electrode to form a continuous first layer having protrusions, a side of the first layer opposite the first electrode having a surface area at least three times greater than an underlying lateral cross-sectional area; depositing a second organic semiconductor material directly on the first layer to form a discontinuous second layer, portions of the first layer remaining exposed; depositing a third organic semiconductor material directly on the second layer to form a discontinuous third layer, portions of at least the second layer remaining exposed; depositing a fourth organic semiconductor material on the third layer to form a continuous fourth layer, filling any exposed gaps and recesses in the first, second, and third layers; and depositing a second electrode on the fourth layer, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is transparent, and the first and third organic semiconductor materials are both of a donor-type or an acceptor-type relative to second and fourth organic semiconductor materials, which are of the other material type. | 02-18-2010 |
| 20100197073 | Nano-Structured Photovoltaic Solar Cell and Related Methods - A solar cell includes a substrate having a horizontal surface, and an electrode layer on the substrate. The electrode has a plurality of vertical surfaces substantially perpendicular to the horizontal surface, and light-harvesting rods are coupled to the vertical surface of the electrode. | 08-05-2010 |
| 20110008926 | SOLAR CELL WITH CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL EMBEDDED SUBSTRATE - Conductive material grids or lines embedded or partially embedded in a transparent substrate of a solar cell. The grids or lines can have a higher conductivity than the anode or they can have the same conductivity. The grids or lines increase the volume of the anode and, thus decrease sheet resistance of the same. | 01-13-2011 |
| 20110045628 | METHOD OF THERMOCLEAVING A POLYMER LAYER - A method of thermocleaving a thermocleavable polymer layer which is in thermal contact with a heat sensitive component that is not tolerant of the temperature required for thermocleavage of the thermocleavable polymer layer, in which the thermocleavable polymer layer is illuminated with a light source having a wavelength range more strongly absorbed by the thermocleavable polymer and substantially less strongly absorbed by the heat sensitive component, such that the thermocleavable polymer layer reaches a temperature sufficient to cause thermocleavage of the polymer without causing detrimental heating to the heat sensitive component. Further provided is apparatus for carrying out the above method. | 02-24-2011 |
| 20110086464 | TUNING OF FE CATALYSTS FOR GROWTH OF SPIN-CAPABLE CARBON NANOTUBES - Growing spin-capable multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) forests in a repeatable fashion will become possible through understanding the critical factors affecting the forest growth. Here we show that the spinning capability depends on the alignment of adjacent MWCNTs in the forest which in turn results from the synergistic combination of a high areal density of MWCNTs and short distance between the MWCNTs. This can be realized by starting with both the proper Fe nanoparticle size and density which strongly depend on the sheet resistance of the catalyst film. Simple measurement of the sheet resistance can allow one to reliably predict the growth of spin-capable forests. The properties of pulled MWCNTs sheets reflect that there is a relationship between their electrical resistance and optical transmittance. Overlaying either 3, 5, or 10 sheets pulled out from a single forest produces much more repeatable characteristics. | 04-14-2011 |
| 20110097839 | Photoelectric Conversion Device, Imaging Device, and Process for Producing the Photoelectric Conversion Device - A photoelectric conversion device comprising: a semiconductor substrate; an inorganic photoelectric conversion layer provided within the semiconductor substrate; and an organic photoelectric conversion layer provided above the inorganic photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the organic photoelectric conversion layer is prepared by a shadow mask method. | 04-28-2011 |
| 20110237019 | Method for Improving the Efficiency of Flexible Organic Solar Cells - The present invention discloses a method for improving the efficiency of flexible organic solar cells. The steps of the method comprise: a conductive film-coated flexible substrate is provided; and a hole blocking layer is formed on the flexible substrate by atomic layer deposition, or an active layer is formed first then a hole blocking layer is formed on the active layer by atomic layer deposition. Atomic layer deposition can control the thickness of the hole blocking layer precisely and form uniformly surface in a large area, so that the power conversion efficiency of the flexible organic solar cell is increasing effectively. | 09-29-2011 |
| 20110237020 | METHODS FOR CONTROLLING THE CRYSTALLINE NANOFIBRE CONTENT OF ORGANIC LAYERS USED IN ORGANIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES - The present invention relates in a first aspect to methods for producing a nanofibres-containing layer for use as an active layer in an organic electronic device. The method comprising the steps of:
| 09-29-2011 |
| 20110250718 | LAMINATION AS A MODULAR APPROACH FOR BUILDING ORGANIC PHOTOSENSITIVE DEVICES - There is disclosed a modular lamination approach for processing organic photosensitive devices that allows the individual processing of device components, that once processed are brought together in a final step to make electrical contact. The disclosed method of preparing a laminated photosensitive device having at least one donor-acceptor heterojunction comprises: preparing a top electrode by depositing a functional material on a flexible substrate, such as an elastomer; optionally processing the functional material to obtain desired properties prior to lamination; preparing a bottom portion by depositing a second functional material over a substrate; optionally processing the second functional material to obtain desired properties prior to lamination; and coupling the top electrode to said bottom portion to form a laminated photosensitive device. | 10-13-2011 |
| 20120202314 | SOLAR CELLS BASED ON POLYMER NANOWIRES - Solar cells having active layers that include poly(3-alkylthiophene) nanowires. | 08-09-2012 |
| 20120208315 | THREE-DIMENSIONAL BICONTINUOUS HETEROSTRUCTURES, METHOD OF MAKING, AND THEIR APPLICATION IN QUANTUM DOT-POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE PHOTODETECTORS AND PHOTOVOLTAICS - Provided herein are embodiments of a three-dimensional bicontinuous heterostructure, a method of producing same, and the application of this structure. The three-dimensional bicontinuous heterostructure includes two interpenetrating layers which are spatially continuous, include only protrusions or peninsulas, and have no islands. The method of producing the three-dimensional bicontinuous heterostructure includes forming an essentially planar continuous bottom layer of a first material; forming a layer of this first material on top of the bottom layer that is textured to produce protrusions for subsequent interpenetration with a second material, coating this second material onto this structure, and forming a coating with the second material that ensures that only the second material is contacted by subsequent layer. One of the materials includes visible and/or infrared-absorbing semiconducting quantum dot nanoparticles, and one of materials is a hole conductor and the other is an electron conductor. | 08-16-2012 |
| 20120208316 | Method For Forming A Photo-Active Layer Of The Solar Cell - The present invention discloses a solar cell having a multi-layered structure that is used to generate, transport, and collect electric charges. The multi-layered nanostructure comprises a cathode, a conducting metal layer, a photo-active layer, a hole-transport layer, and an anode. The photo-active layer comprises a tree-like nanostructure array and a conjugate polymer filler. The tree-like nanostructure array is used as an electron acceptor while the conjugate polymer filler is as an electron donor. The tree-like nanostructure array comprises a trunk part and a branch part. The trunk part is formed in-situ on the surface of the conducting metal layer and is used to provide a long straight transport pathway to transport electrons. The large contact area between the branch part and the conjugate polymer filler provides electron-hole separation. | 08-16-2012 |
| 20120214272 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ORGANIC THIN FILM SOLAR CELL - Certain embodiments provide a method of manufacturing an organic thin film solar cell comprising forming, on a first electrode, a first transport layer having an uneven pattern and a photoelectric conversion layer provided on a surface of the uneven pattern, forming a second transport layer on a second electrode, and bringing the uneven pattern having the photoelectric conversion layer is formed thereon into contact with the second transport layer to mold the second transport layer. | 08-23-2012 |
| 20130005072 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AN ORGANIC PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT - Disclosed is an organic photoelectric conversion element including an anode, a cathode, an active layer, and a functional layer, wherein the anode contains a metal, the anode and the functional layer are adjacent to each other, and the functional layer is formed using a solution having a pH value of 5 to 9. Examples of the metal include aluminum, magnesium, titanium, chromium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, indium, and tin. Preferably, the active layer contains a conjugated polymer compound and a fullerene derivative. | 01-03-2013 |
| 20130034930 | APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL - In an apparatus for manufacturing a dye-sensitized solar cell, a photosensitization dye solution makes contact with an electrode material layer that functions as a working electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell so that the photosensitizing dye is adsorbed on the layer. Such an apparatus for manufacturing a dye-sensitized solar cell has a substrate housing section to house a substrate with the electrode material layer formed on its surface, and a circulation mechanism to circulate the photosensitization dye solution in such a way that the solution passes a surface of the substrate housed in the substrate housing section. In such an apparatus, a cross-sectional area of a flow path for the photosensitization dye solution in a portion facing the substrate in the substrate housing section is set smaller than a cross-sectional area of a flow path for the photosensitization dye solution in other portions. | 02-07-2013 |
| 20130059412 | IN-SITU POLYMERIZATION IN BULK HETEROJUNCTION ORGANIC DEVICES - Fabrication of bulk heterojunction organic devices are disclosed that utilize in-situ polymerization of an active component of the device or an in-situ polymerization of an additive that controls the device morphology. According to an aspect, a method for the synthesis of a BHJ photovoltaic film may comprise preparing a homogeneous solution comprising 2,5-dibromothiophene and/or 2,5-diiodothiophene, P3HT and PCBM. The method may also comprise preparing a thin film of the homogeneous solution on the solid surface of a material or an assembly capable of acting as an anode. Oxygen may be excluded from the environment where the thin film will be exposed to photopolymerization by placing the thin film and anode assembly in an inert-gas environment. The method also comprises exposing the liquid film to UV light for a sufficient duration of time and at a sufficient temperature to cause photopolymerization to occur. | 03-07-2013 |
| 20130065354 | Method for Manufacturing a Nanostructured Inorganic/Organic Heterojunction Solar Cell - Provided is a method for manufacturing a significantly high efficient solar cell having a novel structure and superior stability, and which can be mass-produced from an inexpensive material from an inexpensive material for enabling the easy commercial availability thereof. More particularly, the method of the present invention comprises the following step: (a) depositing slurry containing metal oxide particles and heat-treating the slurry to form a porous electron transporting layer; (b) forming inorganic semiconductors on surfaces of the metal oxide particles for the porous electron-transporting layer; and (c) impregnating the porous electron-transporting layer having the inorganic semiconductor formed thereon with a solution containing an organic photovoltaic material so as to form a hole transporting layer. | 03-14-2013 |
| 20130084674 | FABRICATING METHOD OF ORGANIC PHOTODETECTOR - A method of fabricating an organic photodetector including a substrate, a first electrode, an insulation layer, an organic layer, and a second electrode is provided. The first electrode is disposed on the substrate. The insulation layer is disposed on the first electrode. The organic layer is disposed on the substrate and the insulation layer and covers a side surface of the insulation layer and a side surface of the first electrode. The second electrode is disposed on the organic layer and located above the insulation layer. | 04-04-2013 |
| 20130157403 | COMPOUNDS FOR PHOTOVOLTAICS - A species for use, for example, in a charge transfer layer of a photovoltaic device, the species comprising an acceptor group to which is fused a tuning group. The species can be a small molecule, polymer or oligomer, and monomers for producing said polymer, photovoltaic devices comprising said species, and methods for producing said device, are also provided. | 06-20-2013 |
| 20130164881 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING FULLY AQUEOUS PHASE-SYNTHESIZED NANOCRYSTALS/CONDUCTING POLYMER HYRID SOLAR CELL - Provided is a method for producing a highly efficient organic/inorganic hybrid solar cell using fully aqueous phase-synthesized semiconductor nanocrystals and conducting polymer. The method mainly includes three steps: synthesizing nanocrystals in an aqueous phase, synthesizing a conjugated polymer precursor in an aqueous phase, and producing a device of solar cell. The nanocrystal material required for producing a solar cell by the method is widely available, diversified and size-controlled, and the used conjugated polymer has regulated molecular structure and molecular weight, which contributes to increase the absorption of sunlight. The processing of cell device can be performed at room temperature in air, and has advantages of no pollution, short processing period, and low cost. A method for producing an organic/inorganic hybrid solar cell is developed, which succeeds in introducing the high quality nanocrystals synthesized in an aqueous phase and is an eco-friendly and pollution-free technology for producing a solar cell. | 06-27-2013 |
| 20130210189 | ENHANCED BULK HETEROJUNCTION DEVICES PREPARED BY THERMAL AND SOLVENT VAPOR ANNEALING PROCESSES - A method of preparing a bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cell through combinations of thermal and solvent vapor annealing are described. Bulk heterojunction films may prepared by known methods such as spin coating, and then exposed to one or more vaporized solvents and thermally annealed in an effort to enhance the crystalline nature of the photoactive materials. | 08-15-2013 |
| 20130230942 | Organic Photovoltaic Device with Ferroelectric Dipole and Method of Making Same - A method of fabricating an organic photovoltaic device. The method includes providing a first electrode which by applying a layer of conductive material onto a transparent substrate. The conductive material forms the first electrode. The method also includes placing an active layer of organic photovoltaic material on top of the first electrode. The active layer is configured to convert photonic energy into electrical energy. Placing an active layer of organic photovoltaic material includes placing an active layer of organic photovoltaic material having ferroelectric dipoles dispersed therein. The method further includes applying a second electrode on top of the active layer of organic photovoltaic material. | 09-05-2013 |
| 20130330873 | GEL-TYPE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL AND DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL COMPRISING THE SAME - The present disclosure relates to gel-type polymer electrolyte for a dye-sensitized solar cell, a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the gel-type polymer electrolyte, and a method for manufacturing the dye-sensitized solar cell. | 12-12-2013 |
| 20140065760 | METHOD OF FORMING ZINC OXIDE PROMINENCE AND DEPRESSION STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SOLAR CELL USING THEREOF - A method of forming a nanometer-scale prominence and depression structure on a zinc oxide thin film in a wet-etching method, and the method includes the steps of: preparing a substrate; forming a nano structure having a height and a width of a nanometer range; forming the zinc oxide thin film on the substrate on which the nano structure is formed; and wet-etching the zinc oxide thin film, in which in the wet-etching step, zinc oxide having relatively low physical compactness is preferentially etched since the zinc oxide is positioned on the nano structure, and thus the prominence and depression structure is formed around the nano structure by the etching. | 03-06-2014 |
| 20140134781 | Solution Processed Metal Oxide Thin Film Hole Transport Layers For High Performance Organic Solar Cells - A method for the application of solution processed metal oxide hole transport layers in organic photovoltaic devices and related organic electronics devices is disclosed. The metal oxide may be derived from a metal-organic precursor enabling solution processing of an amorphous, p-type metal oxide. An organic photovoltaic device having solution processed, metal oxide, thin-film hole transport layer. | 05-15-2014 |
| 20140179052 | METHOD OF FORMING A THIN FILM AND AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE - A method of forming a thin film includes coating one side of a transferring stamp including a hydrophilic polymer layer with a hydrophilic solution to form a transfer layer, and transferring the transfer layer to the substrate. | 06-26-2014 |
| 20140256081 | Methods For Producing Thin Film Charge Selective Transport Layers - Methods for producing thin film charge selective transport layers are provided. In one embodiment, a method for forming a thin film charge selective transport layer comprises: providing a precursor solution comprising a metal containing reactive precursor material dissolved into a complexing solvent; depositing the precursor solution onto a surface of a substrate to form a film; and forming a charge selective transport layer on the substrate by annealing the film. | 09-11-2014 |
| 20140329354 | PROCESS FOR IMPRINT PATTERNING MATERIALS IN THIN-FILM DEVICES - The present disclosure provides a method for patterning materials that are or are on top of chemically sensitive organic semiconductors. The method employs imprint lithography and a bilayer resist structure that simultaneously protects lower layers from harmful solvents and allows for cleaner liftoff by producing an undercut geometry to the resist pattern. | 11-06-2014 |
| 20140335648 | MANUFACTURING METHOD OF SOLID-STATE DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS AND ELECTROLYTE FILLING DEVICE USED THEREFOR - The present description is directed to a manufacturing method of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells and a solid-state electrolyte filling device used in the manufacturing method. The present invention provides a manufacturing method of dye-sensitized solar cells that fills the solid-state electrolyte more uniformly with enhanced efficiency to secure higher light-to-energy conversion efficiency. | 11-13-2014 |
| 20140357013 | PREPARATION METHOD FOR ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS HAVING CONDUCTIVE NANORODS - The present invention provides a preparation method for organic solar cells having conductive nanorods. In the process of solar cells, the present invention etches the indium-tin-oxide layer, which used as the anode, using etching fluid and forms the structure of the conductive nanorods thereon. Thereby, the distance of the holes in the active layer conducted to the anode is shorted. Besides, the light scattering or the transmittivity of the indium-tin-oxide layer is increased, which improves the efficiency of photoelectric conversion in organic solar cells. | 12-04-2014 |
| 20150064837 | ORGANIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH MULTIPLE SOLUTION-PROCESSED LAYERS - A method of fabricating a tandem organic photosensitive device involves depositing a first layer of an organic electron donor type material film by solution-processing of the organic electron donor type material dissolved in a first solvent; depositing a first layer of an organic electron acceptor type material over the first layer of the organic electron donor type material film by a dry deposition process; depositing a conductive layer over the interim stack by a dry deposition process; depositing a second layer of the organic electron donor type material over the conductive layer by solution-processing of the organic electron donor type material dissolved in a second solvent, wherein the organic electron acceptor type material and the conductive layer are insoluble in the second solvent; depositing a second layer of an organic electron acceptor type material over the second layer of the organic electron donor type material film by a dry deposition process, resulting in a stack. | 03-05-2015 |
| 20150072465 | ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID JUNCTION DEVICE USING REDOX REACTION AND ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL OF USING THE SAME - Provided are an organic-inorganic hybrid junction device in which organic and inorganic materials are connected by junction, and a depletion layer is formed at a junction interface, and an organic photovoltaic cell using the same. A basic metal oxide solution is applied to a top surface of a P-doped organic layer. The basic metal oxide solution has N-type characteristics. An oxidation-reduction reaction occurs in response to the application of the basic metal oxide solution at a junction interface of the organic layer, and the metal oxide layer is simultaneously gelated. A free charge is removed from a surface region of the P-doped organic layer by the oxidation-reduction reaction at the interface, which is converted into a depletion region. According to the introduction of the depletion region, P-N junction occurs, and thus the device has a diode characteristic in an electrical aspect. Also, an organic photovoltaic cell including the organic layer, the depletion layer and the metal oxide layer is fabricated. | 03-12-2015 |
| 20150118788 | PROCESS FOR MAKING AXIALLY FLUORINATED-PHTHALOCYANINES AND THEIR USE IN PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS - Disclosed is a method of making axially fluorinated metal phthalocyanines and their use in photovoltaic applications. | 04-30-2015 |
| 20150311364 | METHOD FOR PREPARING PEROVSKITE FILM AND SOLAR CELL THEREOF - A method for preparing a perovskite film includes the steps of applying a first solution on a substrate to form a film by spin coating and applying a second solution on the film made from the first solution by spin coating to form the perovskite film. The perovskite film is expressed by a general formula of ABX | 10-29-2015 |
| 20150349282 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HIGH-EFFICIENCY INORGANIC-ORGANIC HYBRID SOLAR CELL - Provided is a method for manufacturing a solar cell including: a) forming an electron transport layer on a first electrode; b) forming a light absorber by applying a light absorber solution as a solution for forming a light absorber containing an organic-metal halide having a perovskite structure, the light absorber solution containing an organic halide and a metal halide dissolved therein so as to have a non-stoichiometric ratio based on the organic-metal halide; c) forming a hole conduction layer by applying and drying a hole transport solution in which an organic hole transport material is dissolved; and d) forming a second electrode, which is a counter electrode of the first electrode, on the hole conduction layer. | 12-03-2015 |
| 20150380595 | SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE MANUFACTURING METHOD - A semiconductor device manufacturing method is provided. The method includes forming a first, second and third films, forming a first mask pattern on the third film, forming a gate electrode by using the first mask pattern, forming a second mask pattern having an opening above a portion of the first mask pattern and a region adjacent to the gate electrode, and performing ion implantation by using the first and second mask patterns. The gate electrode formation includes etching the third film, etching the second film and overetching the second film by using a first, second and third processing gases. A first, second and third depositions formed on the sidewalls of the gate electrode in the third and second films etching and overetching, contain at least one of chlorine or bromine and do not contain fluorine. | 12-31-2015 |
| 20160013410 | MASK-STACK-SHIFT METHOD TO FABRICATE ORGANIC SOLAR ARRAY BY SPRAY | 01-14-2016 |
| 20160013414 | PHOTOELECTRODE AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME | 01-14-2016 |
| 20160043449 | RECYCLING CAR BATTERIES FOR PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS - An efficient perovskite solar cells can be synthesized from used car batteries by using both the anodes and cathodes of car batteries as material sources for the synthesis of lead iodide perovskite materials. | 02-11-2016 |
| 20160049585 | METHOD OF FABRICATING PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELL - A method of fabricating a perovskite solar cell includes forming a hole transport layer on a transparent electrically conductive substrate, and forming a perovskite layer on the hole transport layer via a two-stage vacuum evaporation process. Then, an electron transport layer and an electrode layer are formed in order. The two-stage vacuum evaporation process includes first vacuum evaporating a first material on the hole transport layer and then vacuum evaporating a second material on the first material so as to react the first material with the second material in situ and form the perovskite layer. | 02-18-2016 |
| 20160172595 | METHOD FOR LITHOGRAPHIC PATTERNING OF ORGANIC LAYERS | 06-16-2016 |
| 20160380220 | ORGANIC MONOLAYER PASSIVATION AND SILICON HETEROJUNCTION PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES USING THE SAME - A method for inorganic surface passivation in a photovoltaic device includes etching a native oxide over an inorganic substrate, the inorganic substrate having a surface; and forming an organic monolayer on the surface of the inorganic substrate to form a heterojunction, the organic monolayer having the following formula: ˜X-Y, wherein X is an oxygen or a sulfur; Y is an alkyl chain, an alkenyl chain, or an alkynyl chain; and X covalently bonds to the surface of the inorganic substrate by a covalent bond. | 12-29-2016 |
