Patent application title: NUCLEIC ACIDS ENCODING T2R, A NOVEL FAMILY OF TASTE RECEPTORS
Inventors:
Charles S. Zuker (San Deigo, CA, US)
Joh Elliot Adler (Sherwood, OR, US)
Mark Hoon (Kensington, MD, US)
Mark Hoon (Kensington, MD, US)
Nick Ryba (Bethesda, MD, US)
Nick Ryba (Bethesda, MD, US)
Ken Mueller (San Deigo, CA, US)
Assignees:
THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
The Government of the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Department of
HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
IPC8 Class: AG01N33567FI
USPC Class:
435 721
Class name: Involving antigen-antibody binding, specific binding protein assay or specific ligand-receptor binding assay involving a micro-organism or cell membrane bound antigen or cell membrane bound receptor or cell membrane bound antibody or microbial lysate animal cell
Publication date: 2011-01-20
Patent application number: 20110014634
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Patent application title: NUCLEIC ACIDS ENCODING T2R, A NOVEL FAMILY OF TASTE RECEPTORS
Inventors:
Mark Hoon
Nick Ryba
Charles S. Zuker
Joh Elliot Adler
Ken Mueller
Agents:
TOWNSEND AND TOWNSEND AND CREW, LLP
Assignees:
Origin: SAN FRANCISCO, CA US
IPC8 Class: AG01N33567FI
USPC Class:
Publication date: 01/20/2011
Patent application number: 20110014634
Abstract:
The invention provides isolated nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of
taste cell specific G-protein coupled receptors, antibodies to such
receptors, methods of detecting such nucleic acids and receptors, and
methods of screening for modulators of taste cell specific G-protein
coupled receptors.Claims:
1. A method for identifying a compound that modulates taste signaling in
taste cells, the method comprising the steps of:(i) contacting the
compound with a taste transduction G-protein coupled receptor
polypeptide, wherein the polypeptide is expressed in a taste cell, the
polypeptide comprising greater than about 60% amino acid sequence
identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1,
SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID
NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID
NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID
NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID
NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID
NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID
NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID
NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, and SEQ ID NO:80;
and(ii) determining the functional effect of the compound upon the
polypeptide.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide has G-protein coupled receptor activity.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the functional effect is determined by measuring changes in intracellular cAMP, cGMP, IP3, or Ca2+.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the functional effect is determined by measuring binding of the compound to an extracellular domain of the polypeptide.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the functional effect is determined by measuring binding of radiolabeled GTP to the polypeptide.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide is recombinant.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the functional effect is measured by determining changes in the electrical activity of a cell expressing the polypeptide.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell is a eukaryotic cell.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, and SEQ ID NO:80.
10. An isolated nucleic acid encoding a taste transduction G-protein coupled receptor, wherein the receptor is expressed in a taste cell, the receptor comprising greater than 90% amino acid sequence identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, and SEQ ID NO:80.
11. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 10, wherein the nucleic acid encodes a receptor that has G-protein coupled receptor activity.
12. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 10, wherein the nucleic acid encodes a receptor comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, and SEQ ID NO:80.
13. An expression vector comprising the nucleic acid of claim 10.
14. An isolated cell comprising the vector of claim 13.
15. An isolated taste transduction G-protein coupled receptor, wherein the receptor is expressed in a taste cell, the receptor comprising greater than 90% amino acid sequence identity to a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, and SEQ ID NO:80.
16. The isolated receptor of claim 15, wherein the receptor has G-protein coupled receptor activity.
17. The isolated receptor of claim 15, wherein the receptor comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, and SEQ ID NO:80.
18. An antibody that selectively binds to the receptor of claim 15.
Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001]The present application claims priority to and is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 11/975,655, filed Oct. 19, 2007, now allowed, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 10/364,861 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,452,694), filed Feb. 10, 2003, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/393,634 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,558,910), filed Sep. 10, 1999, the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003]The invention provides isolated nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of taste cell specific G-protein coupled receptors, antibodies to such receptors, methods of detecting such nucleic acids and receptors, and methods of screening for modulators of taste cell specific G-protein coupled receptors.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004]Taste transduction is one of the most sophisticated forms of chemotransduction in animals (see, e.g., Margolskee, BioEssays 15:645-650 (1993); Avenet & Lindemann, J. Membrane Biol. 112:1-8 (1989)). Gustatory signaling is found throughout the animal kingdom, from simple metazoans to the most complex of vertebrates; its main purpose is to provide a reliable signaling response to non-volatile ligands. Each of these modalities is though to be mediated by distinct signaling pathways mediated by receptors or channels, leading to receptor cell depolarization, generation of a receptor or action potential, and release of neurotransmitter at gustatory afferent neuron synapses (see, e.g., Roper, Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 12:329-353 (1989)).
[0005]Mammals are believed to have five basic taste modalities: sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami (the taste of monosodium glutamate) (see, e.g., Kawamura & Kare, Introduction to Umami: A Basic Taste (1987); Kinnamon & Cummings, Ann. Rev. Physiol. 54:715-731 (1992); Lindemann, Physiol. Rev. 76:718-766 (1996); Stewart et al., Am. J. Physiol. 272:1-26 (1997)). Extensive psychophysical studies in humans have reported that different regions of the tongue display different gustatory preferences (see, e.g., Hoffmann, Menchen. Arch. Path. Anat. Physiol. 62:516-530 (1875); Bradley et al., Anatomical Record 212: 246-249 (1985); Miller & Reedy, Physiol. Behav. 47:1213-1219 (1990)). Also, numerous physiological studies in animals have shown that taste receptor cells may selectively respond to different tastants (see, e.g., Akabas et al., Science 242:1047-1050 (1988); Gilbertson et al., J. Gen. Physiol. 100:803-24 (1992); Bernhardt et al., J. Physiol. 490:325-336 (1996); Cummings et al., J. Neurophysiol. 75:1256-1263 (1996)).
[0006]In mammals, taste receptor cells are assembled into taste buds that are distributed into different papillae in the tongue epithelium. Circumvallate papillae, found at the very back of the tongue, contain hundreds (mice) to thousands (human) of taste buds and are particularly sensitive to bitter substances. Foliate papillae, localized to the posterior lateral edge of the tongue, contain dozens to hundreds of taste buds and are particularly sensitive to sour and bitter substances. Fungiform papillae containing a single or a few taste buds are at the front of the tongue and are thought to mediate much of the sweet taste modality.
[0007]Each taste bud, depending on the species, contains 50-150 cells, including precursor cells, support cells, and taste receptor cells (see, e.g., Lindemann, Physiol. Rev. 76:718-766 (1996)). Receptor cells are innervated at their base by afferent nerve endings that transmit information to the taste centers of the cortex through synapses in the brain stem and thalamus. Elucidating the mechanisms of taste cell signaling and information processing is critical for understanding the function, regulation, and "perception" of the sense of taste.
[0008]Although much is known about the psychophysics and physiology of taste cell function, very little is known about the molecules and pathways that mediate these sensory signaling responses (reviewed by Gilbertson, Current Opin. Neurobiol. 3:532-539 (1993)). Electrophysiological studies suggest that sour and salty tastants modulate taste cell function by direct entry of H.sup.+ and Na.sup.+ ions through specialized membrane channels on the apical surface of the cell. In the case of sour compounds, taste cell depolarization is hypothesized to result from H.sup.+ blockage of K.sup.+ channels (see, e.g., Kinnamon et al., Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci. USA 85: 7023-7027 (1988)) or activation of pH-sensitive channels (see, e.g., Gilbertson et al., J. Gen. Physiol. 100:803-24 (1992)); salt transduction may be partly mediated by the entry of Na.sup.+ via amiloride-sensitive Na.sup.+ channels (see, e.g., Heck et al., Science 223:403-405 (1984); Brand et al., Brain Res. 207-214 (1985); Avenet et al., Nature 331: 351-354 (1988)).
[0009]Sweet, bitter, and umami transduction are believed to be mediated by G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways (see, e.g., Striem et al., Biochem. J. 260:121-126 (1989); Chaudhari et al., J. Neuros. 16:3817-3826 (1996); Wong et al., Nature 381: 796-800 (1996)). Confusingly, there are almost as many models of signaling pathways for sweet and bitter transduction as there are effector enzymes for GPCR cascades (e.g., G protein subunits, cGMP phosphodiesterase, phospholipase C, adenylate cyclase; see, e.g., Kinnamon & Margolskee, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 6:506-513 (1996)). However, little is known about the specific membrane receptors involved in taste transduction, or many of the individual intracellular signaling molecules activated by the individual taste transduction pathways. Identification of such molecules is important given the numerous pharmacological and food industry applications for bitter antagonists, sweet agonists, and other modulators of taste.
[0010]One taste-cell specific G protein that has been identified is called Gustducin (McLaughin et al., Nature 357:563-569 (1992)). This protein is proposed to be involved in the detection of certain bitter and sweet tastes (Wong et al., Nature 381:796-800 (1996)), and is expressed in a significant subset of cells from all types of taste papillae (McLaughin et al., Nature 357:563-569 (1992)).
[0011]Recently, two novel GPCRs were identified and found to be specifically expressed in taste cells. While these receptor proteins, called T1R1 and T1R2, appear to be directly involved in taste reception (Hoon et al., Cell 96:541-551 (1999)), they are only expressed in a fraction of mammalian taste receptor cells. For example, neither of the genes are extensively expressed in Gustducin-expressing cells. Thus, it is clear that additional taste-involved GPCRs remain to be discovered.
[0012]Genetic studies in mammals have identified numerous loci that are involved in the detection of taste. For example, psychophysical tasting studies have shown that humans can be categorized as tasters, non-tasters, and super-tasters for the bitter substance PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil), and that PROP tasting may be conferred by a dominant allele, with non-tasters having two recessive alleles and tasters having at least one dominant allele (see Bartoshuk et al., Physiol Behav 56(6):1165-71; 58:203-204 (1994)). Recently, a locus involved in PROP tasting has been mapped to human interval 5p15 (Reed et al., Am. J. Hum. Genet., 64(5):1478-80 (1999)). The PROP tasting gene present at the 5p15 locus has yet to be described, however. In addition, a number of genes involved in taste have been mapped in mice. For example, a cluster of genes involved in bitter-taste detection has been mapped to a region of chromosome 6 in mice (Lush et al., Genet Res. 66:167-174 (1995)).
[0013]The identification and isolation of novel taste receptors and taste signaling molecules would allow for new methods of pharmacological and genetic modulation of taste transduction pathways. For example, the availability of receptor and channel molecules would permit the screening for high affinity agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists, and modulators of taste cell activity. Such taste modulating compounds would be useful in the pharmaceutical and food industries to customize taste. In addition, such taste cell specific molecules can serve as invaluable tools in the generation of taste topographic maps that elucidate the relationship between the taste cells of the tongue and taste sensory neurons leading to taste centers in the brain.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014]The present invention thus provides novel nucleic acids encoding a family of taste-cell specific G-protein coupled receptors. These nucleic acids and the polypeptides that they encode are referred to as the T2R family of G-protein coupled taste receptors, also as the "SF," or "GR" family of G-protein coupled taste receptors. This novel family of GPCRs includes components of the taste transduction pathway. In particular, members of this family are involved in the detection of bitter tastes.
[0015]In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for identifying a compound that modulates taste signaling in taste cells, the method comprising the steps of: (i) contacting the compound with a taste transduction G-protein coupled receptor polypeptide, wherein the polypeptide is expressed in a taste cell, the polypeptide comprising greater than about 60% amino acid sequence identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, and SEQ ID NO:80; and (ii) determining the functional effect of the compound upon the polypeptide.
[0016]In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for identifying a compound that modulates taste signaling in taste cells, the method comprising the steps of: (i) contacting the compound with a polypeptide comprising an extracellular domain of a taste transduction G-protein coupled receptor, wherein the receptor is expressed in a taste cell, the extracellular domain comprising greater than about 60% amino acid sequence identity to the extracellular domain of a polypeptide comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, and SEQ ID NO:80; and (ii) determining the functional effect of the compound upon the extracellular domain.
[0017]In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for identifying a compound that modulates taste signaling in taste cells, the method comprising the steps of: (i) contacting the compound with a taste transduction G-protein coupled receptor polypeptide comprising either: (a) a sequence comprising at least about 50% amino acid identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85, SEQ ID NO:86, and SEQ ID NO:87; or (b) a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90, and SEQ ID NO:91; and (ii) determining the functional effect of the compound upon the polypeptide.
[0018]In one embodiment, the polypeptide has G-protein coupled receptor activity. In another embodiment, the functional effect of the compound upon the polypeptide is determined by measuring changes in intracellular cAMP, cGMP, IP3, or Ca2+. In another embodiment, the functional effect is a chemical effect. In another embodiment, the functional effect is a physical effect. In another embodiment, the functional effect is determined by measuring binding of the compound to an extracellular domain of the polypeptide. In another embodiment, the functional effect is determined by measuring radiolabeled GTP binding to the polypeptide. In another embodiment, the functional effect is measured by determining changes in the electrical activity of cells expressing the polypeptides.
[0019]In another embodiment, the polypeptide or parts thereof is recombinant. In another embodiment, the polypeptide comprises an extracellular domain that is covalently linked to a heterologous polypeptide, forming a chimeric polypeptide. In another embodiment, the polypeptide is linked to a solid phase, either covalently or non-covalently.
[0020]In another embodiment, the polypeptide is from a rat, a mouse, or a human. In another embodiment, the polypeptide is expressed in a cell or a cell membrane. In another embodiment, the cell is a eukaryotic cell. In another embodiment, the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, and SEQ ID NO:80.
[0021]In one aspect, the present invention provides an isolated nucleic acid encoding a taste transduction G-protein coupled receptor, wherein the receptor is expressed in a taste cell, the receptor comprising greater than about 60% amino acid sequence identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:33.
[0022]In another aspect, the present invention provides an isolated nucleic acid encoding a taste transduction G-protein coupled receptor, wherein the nucleic acid specifically hybridizes under highly stringent conditions to a nucleic acid having a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10; SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:32, and SEQ ID NO:34, but not to a nucleic acid having a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:46; SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:79, and SEQ ID NO:81.
[0023]In another aspect, the present invention provides an isolated nucleic acid encoding a taste transduction G-protein coupled receptor, the receptor comprising greater than about 60% amino acid identity to a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:33, wherein the nucleic acid selectively hybridizes under moderately stringent hybridization conditions to a nucleotide sequence having a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10; SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:32, and SEQ ID NO:34 but not to a nucleic acid having a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:46; SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:79, and SEQ ID NO:81.
[0024]In another aspect, the present invention provides an isolated nucleic acid encoding an extracellular domain of a taste transduction G-protein coupled receptor, wherein the receptor is expressed in a taste cell, the extracellular domain having greater than about 60% amino acid sequence identity to the extracellular domain of a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:33.
[0025]In one embodiment, the nucleic acid encodes a receptor that specifically binds to polyclonal antibodies generated against a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:33, but not to polyclonal antibodies generated against a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, and SEQ ID NO:80.
[0026]In another embodiment, the nucleic acid encodes a receptor comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:33.
[0027]In another embodiment, the nucleic acid comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10; SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:32, and SEQ ID NO:34.
[0028]In another embodiment, the nucleic acid encodes a receptor that has G-protein coupled receptor activity. In another embodiment, the nucleic acid is from a rat or a mouse. In another embodiment, the nucleic acid is amplified by primers that selectively hybridize under stringent hybridization conditions to the same sequence as degenerate primer sets encoding amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of: KMAPLDLLL (SEQ ID NO:88), ATWLGVFYCAK (SEQ ID NO:89), LSILT2RLILY (SEQ ID NO:90), and LILGNPKLK (SEQ ID NO:91).
[0029]In one embodiment, the nucleic acid encodes the extracellular domain linked to a heterologous polypeptide, forming a chimeric polypeptide. In another embodiment, the nucleic acid encodes the extracellular domain of a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:33.
[0030]In another aspect, the present invention provides an isolated taste transduction G-protein coupled receptor, wherein the receptor is expressed in a taste cell, the receptor comprising greater than about 60% amino acid sequence identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:33.
[0031]In one embodiment, the receptor specifically binds to polyclonal antibodies generated against a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:33, but not to polyclonal antibodies generated against a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, and SEQ ID NO:80. In another embodiment, the receptor has G-protein coupled receptor activity. In another embodiment, the receptor has an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:33. In another embodiment, the receptor is from a rat or a mouse.
[0032]In one aspect, the present invention provides an isolated polypeptide comprising an extracellular domain of a taste transduction G-protein coupled receptor, wherein the receptor is expressed in a taste cell, the extracellular domain comprising greater than about 60% amino acid sequence identity to the extracellular domain of a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:33.
[0033]In one embodiment, the polypeptide encodes the extracellular domain of a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:33. In another embodiment, the extracellular domain is covalently linked to a heterologous polypeptide, forming a chimeric polypeptide.
[0034]In one aspect, the present invention provides an antibody that selectively binds to the receptor comprising greater than about 60% amino acid sequence identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:33.
[0035]In another aspect, the present invention provides an expression vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding a taste transduction G-protein coupled receptor, wherein the receptor is expressed in a taste cell, the receptor comprising greater than about 60% amino acid sequence identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, and SEQ ID NO:33.
[0036]In another aspect, the present invention provides a host cell transfected with the expression vector.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0037]FIG. 1 provides nucleotide sequence, amino acid sequence, and genetic data for various rat, mouse, and human T2R family members.
[0038]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of rGR01 are SEQ ID NOs:1 and 2, respectively.
[0039]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of rGR02 are SEQ ID NOs:3 and 4, respectively.
[0040]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of rGR03 are SEQ ID NOs:5 and 6, respectively.
[0041]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of rGR04 are SEQ ID NOs:7 and 8, respectively.
[0042]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of rGR05 are SEQ ID NOs:9 and 10, respectively.
[0043]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of mGR01 are SEQ ID NOs:11 and 12, respectively.
[0044]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of mGR02 are SEQ ID NOs:13 and 14, respectively.
[0045]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of mGR03 are SEQ ID NOs:15 and 16, respectively.
[0046]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of mGR04 are SEQ ID NOs:17 and 18, respectively.
[0047]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of mGR05 are SEQ ID NOs:19 and 20, respectively.
[0048]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of mGR06 are SEQ ID NOs:21 and 22, respectively.
[0049]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of mGR07 are SEQ ID NOs:23 and 24, respectively.
[0050]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of mGR08 are SEQ ID NOs:25 and 26, respectively.
[0051]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of mGR09 are SEQ ID NOs:27 and 28, respectively.
[0052]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of mGR10 are SEQ ID NOs:29 and 30, respectively.
[0053]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of mGR11 are SEQ ID NOs:31 and 32, respectively.
[0054]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of mGR13 are SEQ ID NOs:33 and 34, respectively.
[0055]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR01 are SEQ ID NOs:35 and 36, respectively.
[0056]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR02 are SEQ ID NOs:37 and 38, respectively.
[0057]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR03 are SEQ ID NOs:39 and 40, respectively.
[0058]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR04 are SEQ ID NOs:41 and 42, respectively.
[0059]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR05 are SEQ ID NOs:43 and 44, respectively.
[0060]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR06 are SEQ ID NOs:45 and 46, respectively.
[0061]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR07 are SEQ ID NOs:47 and 48, respectively.
[0062]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR08 are SEQ ID NOs:49 and 50, respectively.
[0063]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR09 are SEQ ID NOs:51 and 52, respectively.
[0064]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR10 are SEQ ID NOs:53 and 54, respectively.
[0065]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR11 are SEQ ID NOs:55 and 56, respectively.
[0066]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR12 are SEQ ID NOs:57 and 58, respectively.
[0067]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR13 are SEQ ID NOs:59 and 60, respectively.
[0068]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR14 are SEQ ID NOs:61 and 62, respectively.
[0069]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR15 are SEQ ID NOs:63 and 64, respectively.
[0070]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR16 are SEQ ID NOs:65 and 66, respectively.
[0071]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR17 are SEQ ID NOs:67 and 68, respectively.
[0072]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR18 are SEQ ID NOs:69 and 70, respectively.
[0073]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR19 are SEQ ID NOs:71 and 72, respectively.
[0074]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR20 are SEQ ID NOs:73 and 74, respectively.
[0075]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR21 are SEQ ID NOs:75 and 76, respectively.
[0076]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR22 are SEQ ID NOs:77 and 78, respectively.
[0077]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR23 are SEQ ID NOs:79 and 80, respectively.
[0078]The polypeptide and polynucleotide sequences of hGR24 are SEQ ID NOs:81 and 82, respectively.
[0079]FIG. 2 provides a dendogram showing the relationship between some of the various T2R family members.
[0080]FIG. 3 provides a comparison of amino acid sequences of some of the various T2R family members. The SEQ ID NOs of the disclosed sequences are listed above for FIG. 1.
[0081]FIG. 4a-b: (a) Structure of T2R5 and (b) Southern blot demonstrating homologous recombination and disruption of the T2R5 gene.
[0082]FIG. 5a-c: T2R5 animals cannot taste the bitter tastant cycloheximide but respond normally to other bitter tastants (e.g. quinine, PROP, denatonium). Control animals display strong aversive responses to all bitter tastants, including cycloheximide.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
I. Introduction
[0083]The present invention provides nucleic acids encoding a novel family of taste cell specific G-protein coupled receptors. These nucleic acids and the receptors that they encode are referred to as members of the "SF" or "T2R" family of taste cell specific G protein coupled receptors. These taste cell specific GPCRs are components of the taste transduction pathway, and are involved in the taste detection of substances such as the bitter substances denatonium, 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), sucrose octaacetate (soa), ruffinose acetate (roa), cycloheximide (cyx), and quinine (qui). These nucleic acids provide valuable probes for the identification of taste cells, as the nucleic acids are specifically expressed in taste cells. For example, probes for T2R polypeptides and proteins can be used to identity subsets of taste cells such as foliate cells and circumvallate cells, or specific taste receptor cells, e.g., sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. They also serve as tools for the generation of taste topographic maps that elucidate the relationship between the taste cells of the tongue and taste sensory neurons leading to taste centers in the brain. Furthermore, the nucleic acids and the proteins they encode can be used as probes to dissect taste-induced behaviors.
[0084]The invention also provides methods of screening for modulators, e.g., activators, inhibitors, stimulators, enhancers, agonists, and antagonists, of these novel taste cell GPCRs. Such modulators of taste transduction are useful for pharmacological and genetic modulation of taste signaling pathways. These methods of screening can be used to identify high affinity agonists and antagonists of taste cell activity. These modulatory compounds can then be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to customize taste. Thus, the invention provides assays for taste modulation, where members of the T2R family act as direct or indirect reporter molecules for the effect of modulators on taste transduction. GPCRs can be used in assays, e.g., to measure changes in ligand binding, ion concentration, membrane potential, current flow, ion flux, transcription, signal transduction, receptor-ligand interactions, second messenger concentrations, in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. In one embodiment, members of the T2R family can be used as indirect reporters via attachment to a second reporter molecule such as green fluorescent protein (see, e.g., Mistili & Spector, Nature Biotechnology 15:961-964 (1997)). In another embodiment, T2R family members are recombinantly expressed in cells, and modulation of taste transduction via GPCR activity is assayed by measuring changes in Ca2+ levels and other intracellular messages such as cAMP, cGMP, and IP3.
[0085]Methods of assaying for modulators of taste transduction include in vitro ligand binding assays using T2R polypeptides, portions thereof such as the extracellular domain, or chimeric proteins comprising one or more domains of a T2R family member, oocyte T2R gene expression; tissue culture cell T2R gene expression; transcriptional activation of T2R genes; phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of T2R family members; G-protein binding to GPCRs; ligand binding assays; voltage, membrane potential and conductance changes; ion flux assays; changes in intracellular second messengers such as cGMP, cAMP and inositol triphosphate; changes in intracellular calcium levels; and neurotransmitter release.
[0086]Finally, the invention provides methods of detecting T2R nucleic acid and protein expression, allowing investigation of taste transduction regulation and specific identification of taste receptor cells. T2R family members also provide useful nucleic acid probes for paternity and forensic investigations. T2R genes are also useful as a nucleic acid probe for identifying subpopulations of taste receptor cells such as foliate, fungiform, and circumvallate taste receptor cells. T2R receptors can also be used to generate monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies useful for identifying taste receptor cells. Taste receptor cells can be identified using techniques such as reverse transcription and amplification of mRNA, isolation of total RNA or poly A.sup.+ RNA, northern blotting, dot blotting, in situ hybridization, RNase protection, 51 digestion, probing DNA microchip arrays, western blots, and the like.
[0087]The T2R genes comprise a large family of related taste cell specific G-multiple protein coupled receptors. Within the genome, these genes are present either alone or within one of several gene clusters. One gene cluster, located at human genomic region 12p13, comprises at least 9 genes, and a second cluster, located at 7q31, comprises at least 4 genes. In total, 24 distinct T2R family members have been identified, including several putative pseudogenes.
[0088]Further, some of the T2R genes are associated with previously mapped mammalian taste-specific loci. For example, the human SF01 is located at human interval 5p15, precisely where the locus underlying the ability to taste the substance PROP has previously been mapped. In addition, the human gene cluster found at genomic region 12p13 corresponds to a region of mouse chromosome 6 that has been shown to contain numerous bitter-tasting genes, including sucrose octaacetate, ruffinose acetate, cycloheximide, and quinine (see, e.g., Lush et al., Genet. Res. 6:167-174 (1995)). These associations indicate that the T2R genes are involved in the taste detection of various substances, in particular bitter substances.
[0089]Functionally, the T2R genes comprise a family of related seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors involved in taste transduction, which interact with a G-protein to mediate taste signal transduction (see, e.g., Fong, Cell Signal 8:217 (1996); Baldwin, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 6:180 (1994)).
[0090]Structurally, the nucleotide sequence of T2R family members (see, e.g., SEQ ID NOS:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, and 81, isolated from rats, mice, and humans) encodes a family of related polypeptides comprising an extracellular domain, seven transmembrane domains, and a cytoplasmic domain. Related T2R family genes from other species share at least about 60% nucleotide sequence identity over a region of at least about 50 nucleotides in length, optionally 100, 200, 500, or more nucleotides in length, to SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, or 81, or encode polypeptides sharing at least about 60% amino acid sequence identity over an amino acid region at least about 25 amino acids in length, optionally 50 to 100 amino acids in length to SEQ ID NO:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, or 80. T2R genes are specifically expressed in taste cells.
[0091]Several consensus amino acid sequences have also been discovered that are characteristic of T2R family members. For example, T2R family members typically comprise a sequence at least about 50% identical to SEQ ID NO:82 (corresponding, e.g., to amino acid positions 16-35 in SEQ ID NOS:1 and 35, see also FIG. 3, transmembrane region 1), 83 (corresponding, e.g., to amino acid positions 45-58 in SEQ ID NOS:1 and 35, see also FIG. 3, transmembrane region 2), 84 (corresponding, e.g., to amino acid positions 89-101 in SEQ ID NOS:1 and 35, see also FIG. 3, transmembrane region 3), 85 (corresponding, e.g., to amino acid positions 102-119 in SEQ ID NOS:1 and 35, see also FIG. 3, transmembrane region 3), 86 (corresponding, e.g., to amino acid positions 195-208 in SEQ ID NO:1, and to amino acid positions 196-209 in SEQ ID NO:35, see also FIG. 3, transmembrane region 5), or 87 (corresponding, e.g., to amino acid positions 271-284 in SEQ ID NO:1, and to amino acid positions 273-286 in SEQ ID NO:35, see also FIG. 3, transmembrane region 7).
[0092]One T2R gene, SF01, has been identified in numerous species, including in rats (SEQ ID NOS:1, 2 for amino acid and nucleotide sequence, respectively) and humans (SEQ ID NO:35, 36 for amino acid and nucleotide sequence, respectively), and can be defined according to one or more SF01 (also referred to as GR01) signature sequences. Accordingly, GR01 polypeptides typically comprise an amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO:88 (corresponding, e.g., to amino acid positions 40-48 in SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 35), 89 (corresponding, e.g., to amino acid positions 96-106 in SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 35), 90 (corresponding, e.g., to amino acid positions 226-235 in SEQ ID NO: 1, and to positions 228-237 in SEQ ID NO: 35), or 91 (corresponding, e.g., to amino acid positions 275-283 in SEQ ID NO: 1, and to positions 277-285 in SEQ ID NO: 35).
[0093]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:1: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 7; and variant #2, in which an alanine residue is substituted for a glycine residue at amino acid position 20.
[0094]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:3: variant #1, in which a tyrosine residue is substituted for a phenylalanine residue at amino acid position 2; and variant #2, in which a valine residue is substituted for an isoleucine residue at amino acid position 62.
[0095]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:5: variant #1, in which a glutamine residue is substituted for an asparagine residue at amino acid position 179; and variant #2, in which a cysteine residue is substituted for a methionine residue at amino acid position 183.
[0096]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:7: variant #1, in which a glycine residue is substituted for an alanine residue at amino acid position 4; and variant #2, in which a leucine residue is substituted for an isoleucine residue at amino acid position 64.
[0097]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:9: variant #1, in which a valine residue is substituted for an isoleucine residue at amino acid position 56; and variant #2, in which a methionine residue is substituted for a cysteine residue at amino acid position 57.
[0098]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:11: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 2; and variant #2, in which an arginine residue is substituted for a lysine residue at amino acid position 7.
[0099]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:13: variant #1, in which a threonine residue is substituted for a serine residue at amino acid position 2; and variant #2, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a valine residue at amino acid position 5.
[0100]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:15: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 61; and variant #2, in which an arginine residue is substituted for a lysine residue at amino acid position 68.
[0101]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:17: variant #1, in which a glycine residue is substituted for an alanine residue at amino acid position 4; and variant #2, in which a phenylalanine residue is substituted for a tryptophan residue at amino acid position 60.
[0102]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:19: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 62; and variant #2, in which an alanine residue is substituted for a glycine residue at amino acid position 244.
[0103]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:21: variant #1, in which a serine residue is substituted for a threonine residue at amino acid position 3; and variant #2, in which a lysine residue is substituted for an arginine residue at amino acid position 123.
[0104]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:23: variant #1, in which an asparagine residue is substituted for a glutamine residue at amino acid position 63; and variant #2, in which a leucine residue is substituted for an isoleucine residue at amino acid position 59.
[0105]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:25: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 2; and variant #2, in which an aspartic acid residue is substituted for a glutamic acid residue at amino acid position 4.
[0106]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:27: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 16; and variant #2, in which an arginine residue is substituted for a lysine residue at amino acid position 46.
[0107]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:29: variant #1, in which a threonine residue is substituted for a serine residue at amino acid position 9; and variant #2, in which a tryptophan residue is substituted for a phenylalanine residue at amino acid position 14.
[0108]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:31: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 5; and variant #2, in which an arginine residue is substituted for a lysine residue at amino acid position 60.
[0109]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:33: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 60; and variant #2, in which a histidine residue is substituted for a lysine residue at amino acid position 65.
[0110]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:35: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 6; and variant #2, in which a glycine residue is substituted for an alanine residue at amino acid position 13.
[0111]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:37: variant #1, in which a leucine residue is substituted for an isoleucine residue at amino acid position 11; and variant #2, in which a threonine residue is substituted for a serine residue at amino acid position 15.
[0112]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:39: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a valine residue at amino acid position 8; and variant #2, in which an asparagine residue is substituted for a glutamine residue at amino acid position 16.
[0113]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:41: variant #1, in which a lysine residue is substituted for an arginine residue at amino acid position 3; and variant #2, in which an alanine residue is substituted for a glycine residue at amino acid position 20.
[0114]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:43: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 6; and variant #2, in which an alanine residue is substituted for a glycine residue at amino acid position 23.
[0115]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:45: variant #1, in which a leucine residue is substituted for an isoleucine residue at amino acid position 12; and variant #2, in which a aspartic acid residue is substituted for a glutamic acid residue at amino acid position 16.
[0116]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:47: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 10; and variant #2, in which a glycine residue is substituted for an alanine residue at amino acid position 25.
[0117]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:49: variant #1, in which a tryptophan residue is substituted for a phenylalanine residue at amino acid position 9; and variant #2, in which an alanine residue is substituted for a glycine residue at amino acid position 25.
[0118]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:51: variant #1, in which a serine residue is substituted for a threonine residue at amino acid position 18; and variant #2, in which a leucine residue is substituted for an isoleucine residue at amino acid position 33.
[0119]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:53: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 2; and variant #2, in which an alanine residue is substituted for a glycine residue at amino acid position 7.
[0120]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:55: variant #1, in which an arginine residue is substituted for a lysine residue at amino acid position 6; and variant #2, in which a leucine residue is substituted for a valine residue at amino acid position 26.
[0121]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:56: variant #1, in which a leucine residue is substituted for an isoleucine residue at amino acid position 4; and variant #2, in which a lysine residue is substituted for an arginine residue at amino acid position 11.
[0122]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:58: variant #1, in which a threonine residue is substituted for a serine residue at amino acid position 37; and variant #2, in which a glutamic acid residue is substituted for an aspartic acid residue at amino acid position 45.
[0123]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:60: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 61; and variant #2, in which an arginine residue is substituted for a lysine residue at amino acid position 123.
[0124]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:62: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 5; and variant #2, in which an alanine residue is substituted for a glycine residue at amino acid position 57.
[0125]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:64: variant #1, in which a serine residue is substituted for a threonine residue at amino acid position 182; and variant #2, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 185.
[0126]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:66: variant #1, in which an alanine residue is substituted for a glycine residue at amino acid position 14; and variant #2, in which a phenylalanine residue is substituted for a tryptophan residue at amino acid position 60.
[0127]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:68: variant #1, in which a leucine residue is substituted for an isoleucine residue at amino acid position 5; and variant #2, in which a glycine residue is substituted for an alanine residue at amino acid position 13.
[0128]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:70: variant #1, in which a glycine residue is substituted for an alanine residue at amino acid position 61; and variant #2, in which a valine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 65.
[0129]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:72: variant #1, in which a lysine residue is substituted for an arginine residue at amino acid position 4; and variant #2, in which a leucine residue is substituted for a valine residue at amino acid position 60.
[0130]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:74: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 5; and variant #2, in which an alanine residue is substituted for a glycine residue at amino acid position 53.
[0131]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:76: variant #1, in which a glutamic acid residue is substituted for an aspartic acid residue at amino acid position 6; and variant #2, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 63.
[0132]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:78: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a valine residue at amino acid position 4; and variant #2, in which a glycine residue is substituted for an alanine residue at amino acid position 9.
[0133]The present invention also provides polymorphic variants of the T2R protein depicted in SEQ ID NO:80: variant #1, in which an isoleucine residue is substituted for a leucine residue at amino acid position 5; and variant #2, in which an alanine residue is substituted for a glycine residue at amino acid position 57.
[0134]Specific regions of the T2R nucleotide and amino acid sequences may be used to identify polymorphic variants, interspecies homologs, and alleles of T2R family members. This identification can be made in vitro, e.g., under stringent hybridization conditions or PCR (e.g., using primers encoding SEQ ID NOS:88-91) and sequencing, or by using the sequence information in a computer system for comparison with other nucleotide sequences. Typically, identification of polymorphic variants and alleles of T2R family members is made by comparing an amino acid sequence of about 25 amino acids or more, e.g., 50-100 amino acids. Amino acid identity of approximately at least 60% or above, optionally 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90-95% or above typically demonstrates that a protein is a polymorphic variant, interspecies homolog, or allele of a T2R family member. Sequence comparison can be performed using any of the sequence comparison algorithms discussed below. Antibodies that bind specifically to T2R polypeptides or a conserved region thereof can also be used to identify alleles, interspecies homologs, and polymorphic variants.
[0135]Polymorphic variants, interspecies homologs, and alleles of T2R genes are confirmed by examining taste cell specific expression of the putative T2R polypeptide. Typically, T2R polypeptides having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, or SEQ ID NO:80 is used as a positive control in comparison to the putative T2R protein to demonstrate the identification of a polymorphic variant or allele of the T2R family member. The polymorphic variants, alleles and interspecies homologs are expected to retain the seven transmembrane structure of a G-protein coupled receptor.
[0136]Nucleotide and amino acid sequence information for T2R family members may also be used to construct models of taste cell specific polypeptides in a computer system. These models are subsequently used to identify compounds that can activate or inhibit T2R receptor proteins. Such compounds that modulate the activity of T2R family members can be used to investigate the role of T2R genes in taste transduction.
[0137]The isolation of T2R family members provides a means for assaying for inhibitors and activators of G-protein coupled receptor taste transduction. Biologically active T2R proteins are useful for testing inhibitors and activators of T2R as taste transducers using in vivo and in vitro assays that measure, e.g., transcriptional activation of T2R; ligand binding; phosphorylation and dephosphorylation; binding to G-proteins; G-protein activation; regulatory molecule binding; voltage, membrane potential and conductance changes; ion flux; intracellular second messengers such as cGMP, cAMP and inositol triphosphate; intracellular calcium levels; and neurotransmitter release. Such activators and inhibitors identified using T2R family members can be used to further study taste transduction and to identify specific taste agonists and antagonists. Such activators and inhibitors are useful as pharmaceutical and food agents for customizing taste.
[0138]The present invention also provides assays, preferably high throughput assays, to identify molecules that interact with and/or modulate a T2R polypeptide. In numerous assays, a particular domain of a T2R family member is used, e.g., an extracellular, transmembrane, or intracellular domain. In numerous embodiments, an extracellular domain is bound to a solid substrate, and used, e.g., to isolate ligands, agonists, antagonists, or any other molecule that can bind to and/or modulate the activity of an extracellular domain of a T2R polypeptide. In certain embodiments, a domain of a T2R polypeptide, e.g., an extracellular, transmembrane, or intracellular domain, is fused to a heterologous polypeptide, thereby forming a chimeric polypeptide, e.g., a chimeric polypeptide with G protein coupled receptor activity. Such chimeric polypeptides are useful, e.g., in assays to identify ligands, agonists, antagonists, or other modulators of a T2R polypeptide. In addition, such chimeric polypeptides are useful to create novel taste receptors with novel ligand binding specificity, modes of regulation, signal transduction pathways, or other such properties, or to create novel taste receptors with novel combinations of ligand binding specificity, modes of regulation, signal transduction pathways, etc.
[0139]Methods of detecting T2R nucleic acids and expression of T2R polypeptides are also useful for identifying taste cells and creating topological maps of the tongue and the relation of tongue taste receptor cells to taste sensory neurons in the brain. Chromosome localization of the genes encoding human T2R genes can be used to identify diseases, mutations, and traits caused by and associated with T2R family members.
II. Definitions
[0140]As used herein, the following terms have the meanings ascribed to them unless specified otherwise.
[0141]"Taste cells" include neuroepithelial cells that are organized into groups to form taste buds of the tongue, e.g., foliate, fungiform, and circumvallate cells (see, e.g., Roper et al., Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 12:329-353 (1989)). Taste cells also include cells of the palate, and other tissues that may contain taste cells such as the esophagus and the stomach.
[0142]"SF" or "T2R" refers to one or more members of a family of G-protein coupled receptors that are expressed in taste cells such as foliate, fungiform, and circumvallate cells, as well as cells of the palate, esophagus, and stomach (see, e.g., Hoon et al., Cell 96:541-551 (1999); Chandrashekar et al., Cell 100:703-711 (2000); Adler et al., Cell 100:693-702 (2000); Bufe et al., Nature Genetics 32:397-401 (2002), and WO 01/77676, herein each incorporated by reference in their entirety). Such taste cells can be identified because they express specific molecules such as Gustducin, a taste cell specific G protein, or other taste specific molecules (McLaughin et al., Nature 357:563-569 (1992)). Taste receptor cells can also be identified on the basis of morphology (see, e.g., Roper, supra). T2R family members have the ability to act as receptors for taste transduction. T2R family members are also referred to as the "GR" family, for gustatory receptor.
[0143]"SF" or "T2R" nucleic acids encode a family of GPCRs with seven transmembrane regions that have "G-protein coupled receptor activity," e.g., they bind to G-proteins in response to extracellular stimuli and promote production of second messengers such as IP3, cAMP, cGMP, and Ca2+ via stimulation of enzymes such as phospholipase C and adenylate cyclase (for a description of the structure and function of GPCRs, see, e.g., Fong, supra, and Baldwin, supra). A dendogram providing the relationship between certain T2R family members is provided as FIG. 2. These nucleic acids encode proteins that are expressed in taste cells, such as
[0144]The term "SF" or "T2R" family therefore refers to polymorphic variants, alleles, mutants, and interspecies homologs that: (1) have about 60% amino acid sequence identity, optionally about 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95% amino acid sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, or SEQ ID NO:80 over a window of about 25 amino acids, optionally 50-100 amino acids; (2) specifically bind to antibodies raised against an immunogen comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, and SEQ ID NO:80, and conservatively modified variants thereof; (3) specifically hybridize (with a size of at least about 100, optionally at least about 500-1000 nucleotides) under stringent hybridization conditions to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:79, and SEQ ID NO:81, and conservatively modified variants thereof; (4) comprise a sequence at least about 50% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85, SEQ ID NO:86, and SEQ ID NO:53; or (5) are amplified by primers that specifically hybridize under stringent hybridization conditions to the same sequence as a degenerate primer sets encoding SEQ ID NOS:88, 89, 90, or 91.
[0145]SF01, or GR01, refers to a specific member of the T2R family that has been identified in rat (SEQ ID NOS:1, 2), mouse (SEQ ID NO:11, 12), and human (SEQ ID NOS:35, 36). Accordingly, "T2R01," "SFR01," or "GR01" refers to a nucleic acid comprising a sequence comprising at least about 60%, 65%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90-95%, or more nucleotide sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:12, or SEQ ID NO:36, or to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 60%, 65%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90-95%, or more identical to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:11, or SEQ ID NO:35, or comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 99%, or more amino acid sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90, or SEQ ID NO:91.
[0146]Topologically, sensory GPCRs have an "N-terminal domain" "extracellular domains," a "transmembrane domain" comprising seven transmembrane regions, cytoplasmic, and extracellular loops, "cytoplasmic domains," and a "C-terminal domain" (see, e.g., Hoon et al., Cell 96:541-551 (1999); Buck & Axel, Cell 65:175-187 (1991)). These domains can be structurally identified using methods known to those of skill in the art, such as sequence analysis programs that identify hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains (see, e.g., Stryer, Biochemistry (3rd ed. 1988); see also any of a number of Internet based sequence analysis programs, such as those found at dot.imgen.bcm.tmc.edu). Such domains are useful for making chimeric proteins and for in vitro assays of the invention, e.g., ligand binding assays.
[0147]"Extracellular domains" therefore refers to the domains of T2R polypeptides that protrude from the cellular membrane and are exposed to the extracellular face of the cell. Such domains would include the "N terminal domain" that is exposed to the extracellular face of the cell, as well as the extracellular loops of the transmembrane domain that are exposed to the extracellular face of the cell, i.e., the loops between transmembrane regions 2 and 3, and between transmembrane regions 4 and 5. The "N terminal domain" region starts at the N-terminus and extends to a region close to the start of the transmembrane domain. These extracellular domains are useful for in vitro ligand binding assays, both soluble and solid phase.
[0148]"Transmembrane domain," which comprises the seven transmembrane regions, refers to the domain of T2R polypeptides that lies within the plasma membrane, and may also include the corresponding cytoplasmic (intracellular) and extracellular loops. The seven transmembrane regions can be identified using standard methods, as described in Kyte & Doolittle, J. Mol. Biol. 157:105-132 (1982)), or in Stryer, supra.
[0149]"Cytoplasmic domains" refers to the domains of T2R proteins that face the inside of the cell, e.g., the "C terminal domain" and the intracellular loops of the transmembrane domain, e.g., the intracellular loops between transmembrane regions 1 and 2, and the intracellular loops between transmembrane regions 3 and 4. "C terminal domain" refers to the region that spans the end of the last transmembrane domain and the C-terminus of the protein, and which is normally located within the cytoplasm.
[0150]"Biological sample" as used herein is a sample of biological tissue or fluid that contains one or more T2R nucleic acids encoding one or more T2R proteins. Such samples include, but are not limited to, tissue isolated from humans, mice, and rats, in particular, tongue, palate, and other tissues that may contain taste cells such as the esophagus and the stomach. Biological samples may also include sections of tissues such as frozen sections taken for histological purposes. A biological sample is typically obtained from a eukaryotic organism, such as insects, protozoa, birds, fish, reptiles, and preferably a mammal such as rat, mouse, cow, dog, guinea pig, or rabbit, and most preferably a primate such as chimpanzees or humans. Tissues include tongue tissue, isolated taste buds, and testis tissue.
[0151]"GPCR activity" refers to the ability of a GPCR to transduce a signal. Such activity can be measured in a heterologous cell, by coupling a GPCR (or a chimeric GPCR) to either a G-protein or promiscuous G-protein such as Gal S, and an enzyme such as PLC, and measuring increases in intracellular calcium using (Offermans & Simon, J. Biol. Chem. 270:15175-15180 (1995)). Receptor activity can be effectively measured by recording ligand-induced changes in [Ca2+]i using fluorescent Ca2+-indicator dyes and fluorometric imaging. Optionally, the polypeptides of the invention are involved in sensory transduction, optionally taste transduction in taste cells.
[0152]The phrase "functional effects" in the context of assays for testing compounds that modulate T2R family member mediated taste transduction includes the determination of any parameter that is indirectly or directly under the influence of the receptor, e.g., functional, physical and chemical effects. It includes ligand binding, changes in ion flux, membrane potential, current flow, transcription, G-protein binding, GPCR phosphorylation or dephosphorylation, signal transduction, receptor-ligand interactions, second messenger concentrations (e.g., cAMP, cGMP, IP3, or intracellular Ca2+'), in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo and also includes other physiologic effects such increases or decreases of neurotransmitter or hormone release.
[0153]By "determining the functional effect" is meant assays for a compound that increases or decreases a parameter that is indirectly or directly under the influence of a T2R family member, e.g., functional, physical and chemical effects. Such functional effects can be measured by any means known to those skilled in the art, e.g., changes in spectroscopic characteristics (e.g., fluorescence, absorbance, refractive index), hydrodynamic (e.g., shape), chromatographic, or solubility properties, patch clamping, voltage-sensitive dyes, whole cell currents, radioisotope efflux, inducible markers, oocyte T2R gene expression; tissue culture cell T2R expression; transcriptional activation of T2R genes; ligand binding assays; voltage, membrane potential and conductance changes; ion flux assays; changes in intracellular second messengers such as cAMP, cGMP, and inositol triphosphate (IP3); changes in intracellular calcium levels; neurotransmitter release, and the like.
[0154]"Inhibitors," "activators," and "modulators" of T2R genes or proteins are used interchangeably to refer to inhibitory, activating, or modulating molecules identified using in vitro and in vivo assays for taste transduction, e.g., ligands, agonists, antagonists, and their homologs and mimetics. Inhibitors are compounds that, e.g., bind to, partially or totally block stimulation, decrease, prevent, delay activation, inactivate, desensitize, or down regulate taste transduction, e.g., antagonists. Activators are compounds that, e.g., bind to, stimulate, increase, open, activate, facilitate, enhance activation, sensitize or up regulate taste transduction, e.g., agonists. Modulators include compounds that, e.g., alter the interaction of a receptor with: extracellular proteins that bind activators or inhibitor (e.g., ebnerin and other members of the hydrophobic carrier family); G-proteins; kinases (e.g., homologs of rhodopsin kinase and beta adrenergic receptor kinases that are involved in deactivation and desensitization of a receptor); and arrestin-like proteins, which also deactivate and desensitize receptors. Modulators include genetically modified versions of T2R family members, e.g., with altered activity, as well as naturally occurring and synthetic ligands, antagonists, agonists, small chemical molecules and the like. Such assays for inhibitors and activators include, e.g., expressing T2R family members in cells or cell membranes, applying putative modulator compounds, and then determining the functional effects on taste transduction, as described above. Samples or assays comprising T2R family members that are treated with a potential activator, inhibitor, or modulator are compared to control samples without the inhibitor, activator, or modulator to examine the extent of inhibition. Control samples (untreated with inhibitors) are assigned a relative T2R activity value of 100%. Inhibition of a T2R is achieved when the T2R activity value relative to the control is about 80%, optionally 50% or 25-0%. Activation of a T2R is achieved when the T2R activity value relative to the control is 110%, optionally 150%, optionally 200-500%, or 1000-3000% higher.
[0155]"Biologically active" T2R refers to a T2R having GPCR activity as described above, involved in taste transduction in taste receptor cells.
[0156]The terms "isolated" "purified" or "biologically pure" refer to material that is substantially or essentially free from components which normally accompany it as found in its native state. Purity and homogeneity are typically determined using analytical chemistry techniques such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or high performance liquid chromatography. A protein that is the predominant species present in a preparation is substantially purified. In particular, an isolated T2R nucleic acid is separated from open reading frames that flank the T2R gene and encode proteins other than a T2R. The term "purified" denotes that a nucleic acid or protein gives rise to essentially one band in an electrophoretic gel. Particularly, it means that the nucleic acid or protein is at least 85% pure, optionally at least 95% pure, and optionally at least 99% pure.
[0157]"Nucleic acid" refers to deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotides and polymers thereof in either single- or double-stranded form. The term encompasses nucleic acids containing known nucleotide analogs or modified backbone residues or linkages, which are synthetic, naturally occurring, and non-naturally occurring, which have similar binding properties as the reference nucleic acid, and which are metabolized in a manner similar to the reference nucleotides. Examples of such analogs include, without limitation, phosphorothioates, phosphoramidates, methyl phosphonates, chiral-methyl phosphonates, 2-O-methyl ribonucleotides, peptide-nucleic acids (PNAs).
[0158]Unless otherwise indicated, a particular nucleic acid sequence also implicitly encompasses conservatively modified variants thereof (e.g., degenerate codon substitutions) and complementary sequences, as well as the sequence explicitly indicated. Specifically, degenerate codon substitutions may be achieved by generating sequences in which the third position of one or more selected (or all) codons is substituted with mixed-base and/or deoxyinosine residues (Batzer et al., Nucleic Acid Res. 19:5081 (1991); Ohtsuka et al., J. Biol. Chem. 260:2605-2608 (1985); Rossolini et al., Mol. Cell. Probes 8:91-98 (1994)). The term nucleic acid is used interchangeably with gene, cDNA, mRNA, oligonucleotide, and polynucleotide.
[0159]The terms "polypeptide," "peptide" and "protein" are used interchangeably herein to refer to a polymer of amino acid residues. The terms apply to amino acid polymers in which one or more amino acid residue is an artificial chemical mimetic of a corresponding naturally occurring amino acid, as well as to naturally occurring amino acid polymers and non-naturally occurring amino acid polymer.
[0160]The term "amino acid" refers to naturally occurring and synthetic amino acids, as well as amino acid analogs and amino acid mimetics that function in a manner similar to the naturally occurring amino acids. Naturally occurring amino acids are those encoded by the genetic code, as well as those amino acids that are later modified, e.g., hydroxyproline, γ-carboxyglutamate, and O-phosphoserine. Amino acid analogs refers to compounds that have the same basic chemical structure as a naturally occurring amino acid, i.e., an α carbon that is bound to a hydrogen, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and an R group, e.g., homoserine, norleucine, methionine sulfoxide, methionine methyl sulfonium. Such analogs have modified R groups (e.g., norleucine) or modified peptide backbones, but retain the same basic chemical structure as a naturally occurring amino acid. Amino acid mimetics refers to chemical compounds that have a structure that is different from the general chemical structure of an amino acid, but that functions in a manner similar to a naturally occurring amino acid.
[0161]Amino acids may be referred to herein by either their commonly known three letter symbols or by the one-letter symbols recommended by the IUPAC-IUB Biochemical Nomenclature Commission. Nucleotides, likewise, may be referred to by their commonly accepted single-letter codes.
[0162]"Conservatively modified variants" applies to both amino acid and nucleic acid sequences. With respect to particular nucleic acid sequences, conservatively modified variants refers to those nucleic acids which encode identical or essentially identical amino acid sequences, or where the nucleic acid does not encode an amino acid sequence, to essentially identical sequences. Because of the degeneracy of the genetic code, a large number of functionally identical nucleic acids encode any given protein. For instance, the codons GCA, GCC, GCG and GCU all encode the amino acid alanine Thus, at every position where an alanine is specified by a codon, the codon can be altered to any of the corresponding codons described without altering the encoded polypeptide. Such nucleic acid variations are "silent variations," which are one species of conservatively modified variations. Every nucleic acid sequence herein which encodes a polypeptide also describes every possible silent variation of the nucleic acid. One of skill will recognize that each codon in a nucleic acid (except AUG, which is ordinarily the only codon for methionine, and TGG, which is ordinarily the only codon for tryptophan) can be modified to yield a functionally identical molecule. Accordingly, each silent variation of a nucleic acid which encodes a polypeptide is implicit in each described sequence.
[0163]As to amino acid sequences, one of skill will recognize that individual substitutions, deletions or additions to a nucleic acid, peptide, polypeptide, or protein sequence which alters, adds or deletes a single amino acid or a small percentage of amino acids in the encoded sequence is a "conservatively modified variant" where the alteration results in the substitution of an amino acid with a chemically similar amino acid. Conservative substitution tables providing functionally similar amino acids are well known in the art. Such conservatively modified variants are in addition to and do not exclude polymorphic variants, interspecies homologs, and alleles of the invention.
[0164]The following eight groups each contain amino acids that are conservative substitutions for one another:
1) Alanine (A), Glycine (G);
[0165]2) Aspartic acid (D), Glutamic acid (E);
3) Asparagine (N), Glutamine (Q);
4) Arginine (R), Lysine (K);
5) Isoleucine (I), Leucine (L), Methionine (M), Valine (V);
6) Phenylalanine (F), Tyrosine (Y), Tryptophan (W);
7) Serine (S), Threonine (T); and
8) Cysteine (C), Methionine (M)
[0166](see, e.g., Creighton, Proteins (1984)).
[0167]Macromolecular structures such as polypeptide structures can be described in terms of various levels of organization. For a general discussion of this organization, see, e.g., Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell (3rd ed., 1994) and Cantor and Schimmel, Biophysical Chemistry Part I: The Conformation of Biological Macromolecules (1980). "Primary structure" refers to the amino acid sequence of a particular peptide. "Secondary structure" refers to locally ordered, three dimensional structures within a polypeptide. These structures are commonly known as domains. Domains are portions of a polypeptide that form a compact unit of the polypeptide and are typically 50 to 350 amino acids long. Typical domains are made up of sections of lesser organization such as stretches of β-sheet and α-helices. "Tertiary structure" refers to the complete three dimensional structure of a polypeptide monomer. "Quaternary structure" refers to the three dimensional structure formed by the noncovalent association of independent tertiary units. Anisotropic terms are also known as energy terms.
[0168]A "label" or a "detectable moiety" is a composition detectable by spectroscopic, photochemical, biochemical, immunochemical, or chemical means. For example, useful labels include 32P, fluorescent dyes, electron-dense reagents, enzymes (e.g., as commonly used in an ELISA), biotin, digoxigenin, or haptens and proteins which can be made detectable, e.g., by incorporating a radiolabel into the peptide or used to detect antibodies specifically reactive with the peptide.
[0169]A "labeled nucleic acid probe or oligonucleotide" is one that is bound, either covalently, through a linker or a chemical bond, or noncovalently, through ionic, van der Waals, electrostatic, or hydrogen bonds to a label such that the presence of the probe may be detected by detecting the presence of the label bound to the probe.
[0170]As used herein a "nucleic acid probe or oligonucleotide" is defined as a nucleic acid capable of binding to a target nucleic acid of complementary sequence through one or more types of chemical bonds, usually through complementary base pairing, usually through hydrogen bond formation. As used herein, a probe may include natural (i.e., A, G, C, or T) or modified bases (7-deazaguanosine, inosine, etc.). In addition, the bases in a probe may be joined by a linkage other than a phosphodiester bond, so long as it does not interfere with hybridization. Thus, for example, probes may be peptide nucleic acids in which the constituent bases are joined by peptide bonds rather than phosphodiester linkages. It will be understood by one of skill in the art that probes may bind target sequences lacking complete complementarity with the probe sequence depending upon the stringency of the hybridization conditions. The probes are optionally directly labeled as with isotopes, chromophores, lumiphores, chromogens, or indirectly labeled such as with biotin to which a streptavidin complex may later bind. By assaying for the presence or absence of the probe, one can detect the presence or absence of the select sequence or subsequence.
[0171]The term "recombinant" when used with reference, e.g., to a cell, or nucleic acid, protein, or vector, indicates that the cell, nucleic acid, protein or vector, has been modified by the introduction of a heterologous nucleic acid or protein or the alteration of a native nucleic acid or protein, or that the cell is derived from a cell so modified. Thus, for example, recombinant cells express genes that are not found within the native (non-recombinant) form of the cell or express native genes that are otherwise abnormally expressed, under expressed or not expressed at all.
[0172]The term "heterologous" when used with reference to portions of a nucleic acid indicates that the nucleic acid comprises two or more subsequences that are not found in the same relationship to each other in nature. For instance, the nucleic acid is typically recombinantly produced, having two or more sequences from unrelated genes arranged to make a new functional nucleic acid, e.g., a promoter from one source and a coding region from another source. Similarly, a heterologous protein indicates that the protein comprises two or more subsequences that are not found in the same relationship to each other in nature (e.g., a fusion protein).
[0173]A "promoter" is defined as an array of nucleic acid control sequences that direct transcription of a nucleic acid. As used herein, a promoter includes necessary nucleic acid sequences near the start site of transcription, such as, in the case of a polymerase II type promoter, a TATA element. A promoter also optionally includes distal enhancer or repressor elements, which can be located as much as several thousand base pairs from the start site of transcription. A "constitutive" promoter is a promoter that is active under most environmental and developmental conditions. An "inducible" promoter is a promoter that is active under environmental or developmental regulation. The term "operably linked" refers to a functional linkage between a nucleic acid expression control sequence (such as a promoter, or array of transcription factor binding sites) and a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein the expression control sequence directs transcription of the nucleic acid corresponding to the second sequence.
[0174]An "expression vector" is a nucleic acid construct, generated recombinantly or synthetically, with a series of specified nucleic acid elements that permit transcription of a particular nucleic acid in a host cell. The expression vector can be part of a plasmid, virus, or nucleic acid fragment. Typically, the expression vector includes a nucleic acid to be transcribed operably linked to a promoter.
[0175]The terms "identical" or percent "identity," in the context of two or more nucleic acids or polypeptide sequences, refer to two or more sequences or subsequences that are the same or have a specified percentage of amino acid residues or nucleotides that are the same (i.e., 60% identity, optionally 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95% identity over a specified region), when compared and aligned for maximum correspondence over a comparison window, or designated region as measured using one of the following sequence comparison algorithms or by manual alignment and visual inspection. Such sequences are then said to be "substantially identical." This definition also refers to the compliment of a test sequence. Optionally, the identity exists over a region that is at least about 50 amino acids or nucleotides in length, or more preferably over a region that is 75-100 amino acids or nucleotides in length.
[0176]For sequence comparison, typically one sequence acts as a reference sequence, to which test sequences are compared. When using a sequence comparison algorithm, test and reference sequences are entered into a computer, subsequence coordinates are designated, if necessary, and sequence algorithm program parameters are designated. Default program parameters can be used, or alternative parameters can be designated. The sequence comparison algorithm then calculates the percent sequence identities for the test sequences relative to the reference sequence, based on the program parameters.
[0177]A "comparison window", as used herein, includes reference to a segment of any one of the number of contiguous positions selected from the group consisting of from 20 to 600, usually about 50 to about 200, more usually about 100 to about 150 in which a sequence may be compared to a reference sequence of the same number of contiguous positions after the two sequences are optimally aligned. Methods of alignment of sequences for comparison are well-known in the art. Optimal alignment of sequences for comparison can be conducted, e.g., by the local homology algorithm of Smith & Waterman, Adv. Appl. Math. 2:482 (1981), by the homology alignment algorithm of Needleman & Wunsch, J. Mol. Biol. 48:443 (1970), by the search for similarity method of Pearson & Lipman, Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. USA 85:2444 (1988), by computerized implementations of these algorithms (GAP, BESTFIT, FASTA, and TFASTA in the Wisconsin Genetics Software Package, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Dr., Madison, Wis.), or by manual alignment and visual inspection (see, e.g., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (Ausubel et al., eds. 1995 supplement)).
[0178]One example of a useful algorithm is PILEUP. PILEUP creates a multiple sequence alignment from a group of related sequences using progressive, pairwise alignments to show relationship and percent sequence identity. It also plots a tree or dendogram showing the clustering relationships used to create the alignment (see, e.g., FIG. 2). PILEUP uses a simplification of the progressive alignment method of Feng & Doolittle, J. Mol. Evol. 35:351-360 (1987). The method used is similar to the method described by Higgins & Sharp, CABIOS 5:151-153 (1989). The program can align up to 300 sequences, each of a maximum length of 5,000 nucleotides or amino acids. The multiple alignment procedure begins with the pairwise alignment of the two most similar sequences, producing a cluster of two aligned sequences. This cluster is then aligned to the next most related sequence or cluster of aligned sequences. Two clusters of sequences are aligned by a simple extension of the pairwise alignment of two individual sequences. The final alignment is achieved by a series of progressive, pairwise alignments. The program is run by designating specific sequences and their amino acid or nucleotide coordinates for regions of sequence comparison and by designating the program parameters. Using PILEUP, a reference sequence is compared to other test sequences to determine the percent sequence identity relationship using the following parameters: default gap weight (3.00), default gap length weight (0.10), and weighted end gaps. PILEUP can be obtained from the GCG sequence analysis software package, e.g., version 7.0 (Devereaux et al., Nuc. Acids Res. 12:387-395 (1984)).
[0179]Another example of algorithm that is suitable for determining percent sequence identity and sequence similarity are the BLAST and BLAST 2.0 algorithms, which are described in Altschul et al., Nuc. Acids Res. 25:3389-3402 (1977) and Altschul et al., J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410 (1990), respectively. Software for performing BLAST analyses is publicly available through the National Center for Biotechnology Information on the world wide web at ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). This algorithm involves first identifying high scoring sequence pairs (HSPs) by identifying short words of length W in the query sequence, which either match or satisfy some positive-valued threshold score T when aligned with a word of the same length in a database sequence. T is referred to as the neighborhood word score threshold (Altschul et al., supra). These initial neighborhood word hits act as seeds for initiating searches to find longer HSPs containing them. The word hits are extended in both directions along each sequence for as far as the cumulative alignment score can be increased. Cumulative scores are calculated using, for nucleotide sequences, the parameters M (reward score for a pair of matching residues; always >0) and N (penalty score for mismatching residues; always <0). For amino acid sequences, a scoring matrix is used to calculate the cumulative score. Extension of the word hits in each direction are halted when: the cumulative alignment score falls off by the quantity X from its maximum achieved value; the cumulative score goes to zero or below, due to the accumulation of one or more negative-scoring residue alignments; or the end of either sequence is reached. The BLAST algorithm parameters W, T, and X determine the sensitivity and speed of the alignment. The BLASTN program (for nucleotide sequences) uses as defaults a wordlength (W) of 11, an expectation (E) or 10, M=5, N=-4 and a comparison of both strands. For amino acid sequences, the BLASTP program uses as defaults a wordlength of 3, and expectation (E) of 10, and the BLOSUM62 scoring matrix (see Henikoff & Henikoff, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:10915 (1989)) alignments (B) of 50, expectation (E) of 10, M=5, N=-4, and a comparison of both strands.
[0180]The BLAST algorithm also performs a statistical analysis of the similarity between two sequences (see, e.g., Karlin & Altschul, Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. USA 90:5873-5787 (1993)). One measure of similarity provided by the BLAST algorithm is the smallest sum probability (P(N)), which provides an indication of the probability by which a match between two nucleotide or amino acid sequences would occur by chance. For example, a nucleic acid is considered similar to a reference sequence if the smallest sum probability in a comparison of the test nucleic acid to the reference nucleic acid is less than about 0.2, more preferably less than about 0.01, and most preferably less than about 0.001.
[0181]An indication that two nucleic acid sequences or polypeptides are substantially identical is that the polypeptide encoded by the first nucleic acid is immunologically cross reactive with the antibodies raised against the polypeptide encoded by the second nucleic acid, as described below. Thus, a polypeptide is typically substantially identical to a second polypeptide, for example, where the two peptides differ only by conservative substitutions. Another indication that two nucleic acid sequences are substantially identical is that the two molecules or their complements hybridize to each other under stringent conditions, as described below. Yet another indication that two nucleic acid sequences are substantially identical is that the same primers can be used to amplify the sequence.
[0182]The phrase "selectively (or specifically) hybridizes to" refers to the binding, duplexing, or hybridizing of a molecule only to a particular nucleotide sequence under stringent hybridization conditions when that sequence is present in a complex mixture (e.g., total cellular or library DNA or RNA).
[0183]The phrase "stringent hybridization conditions" refers to conditions under which a probe will hybridize to its target subsequence, typically in a complex mixture of nucleic acid, but to no other sequences. Stringent conditions are sequence-dependent and will be different in different circumstances. Longer sequences hybridize specifically at higher temperatures. An extensive guide to the hybridization of nucleic acids is found in Tijssen, Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology--Hybridization with Nucleic Probes, "Overview of principles of hybridization and the strategy of nucleic acid assays" (1993). Generally, stringent conditions are selected to be about 5-10° C. lower than the thermal melting point (Tm) for the specific sequence at a defined ionic strength pH. The Tm is the temperature (under defined ionic strength, pH, and nucleic concentration) at which 50% of the probes complementary to the target hybridize to the target sequence at equilibrium (as the target sequences are present in excess, at Tm, 50% of the probes are occupied at equilibrium). Stringent conditions will be those in which the salt concentration is less than about 1.0 M sodium ion, typically about 0.01 to 1.0 M sodium ion concentration (or other salts) at pH 7.0 to 8.3 and the temperature is at least about 30° C. for short probes (e.g., 10 to 50 nucleotides) and at least about 60° C. for long probes (e.g., greater than 50 nucleotides). Stringent conditions may also be achieved with the addition of destabilizing agents such as formamide. For selective or specific hybridization, a positive signal is at least two times background, optionally 10 times background hybridization. Exemplary stringent hybridization conditions can be as following: 50% formamide, 5×SSC, and 1% SDS, incubating at 42° C., or, 5×SSC, 1% SDS, incubating at 65° C., with wash in 0.2×SSC, and 0.1% SDS at 65° C.
[0184]Nucleic acids that do not hybridize to each other under stringent conditions are still substantially identical if the polypeptides which they encode are substantially identical. This occurs, for example, when a copy of a nucleic acid is created using the maximum codon degeneracy permitted by the genetic code. In such cases, the nucleic acids typically hybridize under moderately stringent hybridization conditions. Exemplary "moderately stringent hybridization conditions" include a hybridization in a buffer of 40% formamide, 1 M NaCl, 1% SDS at 37° C., and a wash in 1×SSC at 45° C. A positive hybridization is at least twice background. Those of ordinary skill will readily recognize that alternative hybridization and wash conditions can be utilized to provide conditions of similar stringency.
[0185]"Antibody" refers to a polypeptide comprising a framework region from an immunoglobulin gene or fragments thereof that specifically binds and recognizes an antigen. The recognized immunoglobulin genes include the kappa, lambda, alpha, gamma, delta, epsilon, and mu constant region genes, as well as the myriad immunoglobulin variable region genes. Light chains are classified as either kappa or lambda. Heavy chains are classified as gamma, mu, alpha, delta, or epsilon, which in turn define the immunoglobulin classes, IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE, respectively.
[0186]An exemplary immunoglobulin (antibody) structural unit comprises a tetramer. Each tetramer is composed of two identical pairs of polypeptide chains, each pair having one "light" (about 25 kDa) and one "heavy" chain (about 50-70 kDa). The N-terminus of each chain defines a variable region of about 100 to 110 or more amino acids primarily responsible for antigen recognition. The terms variable light chain (VL) and variable heavy chain (VH) refer to these light and heavy chains respectively.
[0187]Antibodies exist, e.g., as intact immunoglobulins or as a number of well-characterized fragments produced by digestion with various peptidases. Thus, for example, pepsin digests an antibody below the disulfide linkages in the hinge region to produce F(ab)'2, a dimer of Fab which itself is a light chain joined to VH-CH1 by a disulfide bond. The F(ab)'2 may be reduced under mild conditions to break the disulfide linkage in the hinge region, thereby converting the F(ab)'2 dimer into an Fab' monomer. The Fab' monomer is essentially Fab with part of the hinge region (see Fundamental Immunology (Paul ed., 3d ed. 1993). While various antibody fragments are defined in terms of the digestion of an intact antibody, one of skill will appreciate that such fragments may be synthesized de novo either chemically or by using recombinant DNA methodology. Thus, the term antibody, as used herein, also includes antibody fragments either produced by the modification of whole antibodies, or those synthesized de novo using recombinant DNA methodologies (e.g., single chain Fv) or those identified using phage display libraries (see, e.g., McCafferty et al., Nature 348:552-554 (1990)).
[0188]For preparation of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies, any technique known in the art can be used (see, e.g., Kohler & Milstein, Nature 256:495-497 (1975); Kozbor et al., Immunology Today 4: 72 (1983); Cole et al., pp. 77-96 in Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy (1985)). Techniques for the production of single chain antibodies (U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,778) can be adapted to produce antibodies to polypeptides of this invention. Also, transgenic mice, or other organisms such as other mammals, may be used to express humanized antibodies. Alternatively, phage display technology can be used to identify antibodies and heteromeric Fab fragments that specifically bind to selected antigens (see, e.g., McCafferty et al., Nature 348:552-554 (1990); Marks et al., Biotechnology 10:779-783 (1992)).
[0189]A "chimeric antibody" is an antibody molecule in which (a) the constant region, or a portion thereof, is altered, replaced or exchanged so that the antigen binding site (variable region) is linked to a constant region of a different or altered class, effector function and/or species, or an entirely different molecule which confers new properties to the chimeric antibody, e.g., an enzyme, toxin, hormone, growth factor, drug, etc.; or (b) the variable region, or a portion thereof, is altered, replaced or exchanged with a variable region having a different or altered antigen specificity.
[0190]An "anti-T2R" antibody is an antibody or antibody fragment that specifically binds a polypeptide encoded by a T2R gene, cDNA, or a subsequence thereof.
[0191]The term "immunoassay" is an assay that uses an antibody to specifically bind an antigen. The immunoassay is characterized by the use of specific binding properties of a particular antibody to isolate, target, and/or quantify the antigen.
[0192]The phrase "specifically (or selectively) binds" to an antibody or "specifically (or selectively) immunoreactive with," when referring to a protein or peptide, refers to a binding reaction that is determinative of the presence of the protein in a heterogeneous population of proteins and other biologics. Thus, under designated immunoassay conditions, the specified antibodies bind to a particular protein at least two times the background and do not substantially bind in a significant amount to other proteins present in the sample. Specific binding to an antibody under such conditions may require an antibody that is selected for its specificity for a particular protein. For example, polyclonal antibodies raised to a T2R family member from specific species such as rat, mouse, or human can be selected to obtain only those polyclonal antibodies that are specifically immunoreactive with the T2R protein and not with other proteins, except for polymorphic variants and alleles of the T2R protein. This selection may be achieved by subtracting out antibodies that cross-react with T2R molecules from other species. A variety of immunoassay formats may be used to select antibodies specifically immunoreactive with a particular protein. For example, solid-phase ELISA immunoassays are routinely used to select antibodies specifically immunoreactive with a protein (see, e.g., Harlow & Lane, Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual (1988), for a description of immunoassay formats and conditions that can be used to determine specific immunoreactivity). Typically a specific or selective reaction will be at least twice background signal or noise and more typically more than 10 to 100 times background.
[0193]The phrase "selectively associates with" refers to the ability of a nucleic acid to "selectively hybridize" with another as defined above, or the ability of an antibody to "selectively (or specifically) bind to a protein, as defined above.
[0194]By "host cell" is meant a cell that contains an expression vector and supports the replication or expression of the expression vector. Host cells may be prokaryotic cells such as E. coli, or eukaryotic cells such as yeast, insect, amphibian, or mammalian cells such as CHO, HeLa and the like, e.g., cultured cells, explants, and cells in vivo.
III. Isolation of Nucleic Acids Encoding T2R Family Members
[0195]A. General Recombinant DNA Methods
[0196]This invention relies on routine techniques in the field of recombinant genetics. Basic texts disclosing the general methods of use in this invention include Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual (2nd ed. 1989); Kriegler, Gene Transfer and Expression: A Laboratory Manual (1990); and Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (Ausubel et al., eds., 1994)).
[0197]For nucleic acids, sizes are given in either kilobases (kb) or base pairs (bp). These are estimates derived from agarose or acrylamide gel electrophoresis, from sequenced nucleic acids, or from published DNA sequences. For proteins, sizes are given in kilodaltons (kDa) or amino acid residue numbers. Proteins sizes are estimated from gel electrophoresis, from sequenced proteins, from derived amino acid sequences, or from published protein sequences.
[0198]Oligonucleotides that are not commercially available can be chemically synthesized according to the solid phase phosphoramidite triester method first described by Beaucage & Caruthers, Tetrahedron Letts. 22:1859-1862 (1981), using an automated synthesizer, as described in Van Devanter et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 12:6159-6168 (1984). Purification of oligonucleotides is by either native acrylamide gel electrophoresis or by anion-exchange HPLC as described in Pearson & Reanier, J. Chrom. 255:137-149 (1983).
[0199]The sequence of the cloned genes and synthetic oligonucleotides can be verified after cloning using, e.g., the chain termination method for sequencing double-stranded templates of Wallace et al., Gene 16:21-26 (1981).
[0200]B. Cloning Methods for the Isolation of Nucleotide Sequences Encoding T2R Family Members
[0201]In general, the nucleic acid sequences encoding T2R family members and related nucleic acid sequence homologs are cloned from cDNA and genomic DNA libraries by hybridization with probes, or isolated using amplification techniques with oligonucleotide primers. For example, T2R sequences are typically isolated from mammalian nucleic acid (genomic or cDNA) libraries by hybridizing with a nucleic acid probe, the sequence of which can be derived from SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:79, or SEQ ID NO:81. A suitable tissue from which RNA and cDNA for T2R family members can be isolated is tongue tissue, optionally taste bud tissues or individual taste cells.
[0202]Amplification techniques using primers can also be used to amplify and isolate T2R sequences from DNA or RNA. For example, degenerate primers encoding the following amino acid sequences can be used to amplify a sequence of a T2R gene: SEQ ID NOS: 50, 51, 52, or 53 (see, e.g., Dieffenfach & Dveksler, PCR Primer: A Laboratory Manual (1995)). These primers can be used, e.g., to amplify either the full length sequence or a probe of one to several hundred nucleotides, which is then used to screen a mammalian library for full-length T2R clones. In addition, degenerate primers encoding the following amino acid sequences can be used to amplify a sequence of an SF01 (GR01) gene: SEQ ID NOS:88, 89, 90, or 91. As described above, such primers can be used to isolate a full length sequence, or a probe which can then be used to isolated a full length sequence, e.g., from a library.
[0203]Nucleic acids encoding T2R can also be isolated from expression libraries using antibodies as probes. Such polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies can be raised using the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, or SEQ ID NO:80.
[0204]Polymorphic variants, alleles, and interspecies homologs that are substantially identical to a T2R family member can be isolated using T2R nucleic acid probes, and oligonucleotides under stringent hybridization conditions, by screening libraries. Alternatively, expression libraries can be used to clone T2R family members and T2R family member polymorphic variants, alleles, and interspecies homologs, by detecting expressed homologs immunologically with antisera or purified antibodies made against a T2R polypeptide, which also recognize and selectively bind to the T2R homolog.
[0205]To make a cDNA library, one should choose a source that is rich in T2R mRNA, e.g., tongue tissue, or isolated taste buds. The mRNA is then made into cDNA using reverse transcriptase, ligated into a recombinant vector, and transfected into a recombinant host for propagation, screening and cloning. Methods for making and screening cDNA libraries are well known (see, e.g., Gubler & Hoffman, Gene 25:263-269 (1983); Sambrook et al., supra; Ausubel et al., supra).
[0206]For a genomic library, the DNA is extracted from the tissue and either mechanically sheared or enzymatically digested to yield fragments of about 12-20 kb. The fragments are then separated by gradient centrifugation from undesired sizes and are constructed in bacteriophage lambda vectors. These vectors and phage are packaged in vitro. Recombinant phage are analyzed by plaque hybridization as described in Benton & Davis, Science 196:180-182 (1977). Colony hybridization is carried out as generally described in Grunstein et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 72:3961-3965 (1975).
[0207]An alternative method of isolating T2R nucleic acid and its homologs combines the use of synthetic oligonucleotide primers and amplification of an RNA or DNA template (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,683,195 and 4,683,202; PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications (Innis et al., eds, 1990)). Methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ligase chain reaction (LCR) can be used to amplify nucleic acid sequences of T2R genes directly from mRNA, from cDNA, from genomic libraries or cDNA libraries. Degenerate oligonucleotides can be designed to amplify T2R family member homologs using the sequences provided herein. Restriction endonuclease sites can be incorporated into the primers. Polymerase chain reaction or other in vitro amplification methods may also be useful, for example, to clone nucleic acid sequences that code for proteins to be expressed, to make nucleic acids to use as probes for detecting the presence of T2R-encoding mRNA in physiological samples, for nucleic acid sequencing, or for other purposes. Genes amplified by the PCR reaction can be purified from agarose gels and cloned into an appropriate vector.
[0208]Gene expression of T2R family members can also be analyzed by techniques known in the art, e.g., reverse transcription and amplification of mRNA, isolation of total RNA or poly A.sup.+ RNA, northern blotting, dot blotting, in situ hybridization, RNase protection, probing DNA microchip arrays, and the like. In one embodiment, high density oligonucleotide analysis technology (e.g., GeneChip®) is used to identify homologs and polymorphic variants of the GPCRs of the invention. In the case where the homologs being identified are linked to a known disease, they can be used with GeneChip® as a diagnostic tool in detecting the disease in a biological sample, see, e.g., Gunthand et al., AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 14: 869-876 (1998); Kozal et al., Nat. Med. 2:753-759 (1996); Matson et al., Anal. Biochem. 224:110-106 (1995); Lockhart et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 14:1675-1680 (1996); Gingeras et al., Genome Res. 8:435-448 (1998); Hacia et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 26:3865-3866 (1998).
[0209]Synthetic oligonucleotides can be used to construct recombinant T2R genes for use as probes or for expression of protein. This method is performed using a series of overlapping oligonucleotides usually 40-120 by in length, representing both the sense and nonsense strands of the gene. These DNA fragments are then annealed, ligated and cloned. Alternatively, amplification techniques can be used with precise primers to amplify a specific subsequence of the T2R nucleic acid. The specific subsequence is then ligated into an expression vector.
[0210]The nucleic acid encoding a T2R gene is typically cloned into intermediate vectors before transformation into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells for replication and/or expression. These intermediate vectors are typically prokaryote vectors, e.g., plasmids, or shuttle vectors.
[0211]Optionally, nucleic acids encoding chimeric proteins comprising a T2R polypeptide or domains thereof can be made according to standard techniques. For example, a domain such as a ligand binding domain, an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain (e.g., one comprising seven transmembrane regions and corresponding extracellular and cytosolic loops), the transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain, an active site, a subunit association region, etc., can be covalently linked to a heterologous protein. For example, an extracellular domain can be linked to a heterologous GPCR transmembrane domain, or a heterologous GPCR extracellular domain can be linked to a transmembrane domain. Other heterologous proteins of choice include, e.g., green fluorescent protein, β-gal, glutamate receptor, and the rhodopsin presequence.
[0212]C. Expression in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
[0213]To obtain high level expression of a cloned gene or nucleic acid, such as those cDNAs encoding a T2R family member, one typically subclones the T2R sequence into an expression vector that contains a strong promoter to direct transcription, a transcription/translation terminator, and if for a nucleic acid encoding a protein, a ribosome binding site for translational initiation. Suitable bacterial promoters are well known in the art and described, e.g., in Sambrook et al. and Ausubel et al. Bacterial expression systems for expressing the T2R protein are available in, e.g., E. coli, Bacillus sp., and Salmonella (Palva et al., Gene 22:229-235 (1983); Mosbach et al., Nature 302:543-545 (1983). Kits for such expression systems are commercially available. Eukaryotic expression systems for mammalian cells, yeast, and insect cells are well known in the art and are also commercially available. In one embodiment, the eukaryotic expression vector is an adenoviral vector, an adeno-associated vector, or a retroviral vector.
[0214]The promoter used to direct expression of a heterologous nucleic acid depends on the particular application. The promoter is optionally positioned about the same distance from the heterologous transcription start site as it is from the transcription start site in its natural setting. As is known in the art, however, some variation in this distance can be accommodated without loss of promoter function.
[0215]In addition to the promoter, the expression vector typically contains a transcription unit or expression cassette that contains all the additional elements required for the expression of the T2R-encoding nucleic acid in host cells. A typical expression cassette thus contains a promoter operably linked to the nucleic acid sequence encoding a T2R and signals required for efficient polyadenylation of the transcript, ribosome binding sites, and translation termination. The nucleic acid sequence encoding a T2R may typically be linked to a cleavable signal peptide sequence to promote secretion of the encoded protein by the transformed cell. Such signal peptides would include, among others, the signal peptides from tissue plasminogen activator, insulin, and neuron growth factor, and juvenile hormone esterase of Heliothis virescens. Additional elements of the cassette may include enhancers and, if genomic DNA is used as the structural gene, introns with functional splice donor and acceptor sites.
[0216]In addition to a promoter sequence, the expression cassette should also contain a transcription termination region downstream of the structural gene to provide for efficient termination. The termination region may be obtained from the same gene as the promoter sequence or may be obtained from different genes.
[0217]The particular expression vector used to transport the genetic information into the cell is not particularly critical. Any of the conventional vectors used for expression in eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells may be used. Standard bacterial expression vectors include plasmids such as pBR322 based plasmids, pSKF, pET23D, and fusion expression systems such as GST and LacZ. Epitope tags can also be added to recombinant proteins to provide convenient methods of isolation, e.g., c-myc.
[0218]Expression vectors containing regulatory elements from eukaryotic viruses are typically used in eukaryotic expression vectors, e.g., SV40 vectors, papilloma virus vectors, and vectors derived from Epstein-Barr virus. Other exemplary eukaryotic vectors include pMSG, pAV009/A.sup.+, pMT010/A.sup.+, pMAMneo-5, baculovirus pDSVE, and any other vector allowing expression of proteins under the direction of the SV40 early promoter, SV40 later promoter, metallothionein promoter, murine mammary tumor virus promoter, Rous sarcoma virus promoter, polyhedrin promoter, or other promoters shown effective for expression in eukaryotic cells.
[0219]Some expression systems have markers that provide gene amplification such as neomycin, hymidine kinase, hygromycin B phosphotransferase, and dihydrofolate reductase. Alternatively, high yield expression systems not involving gene amplification are also suitable, such as using a baculovirus vector in insect cells, with a sequence encoding a T2R family member under the direction of the polyhedrin promoter or other strong baculovirus promoters.
[0220]The elements that are typically included in expression vectors also include a replicon that functions in E. coli, a gene encoding antibiotic resistance to permit selection of bacteria that harbor recombinant plasmids, and unique restriction sites in nonessential regions of the plasmid to allow insertion of eukaryotic sequences. The particular antibiotic resistance gene chosen is not critical, any of the many resistance genes known in the art are suitable. The prokaryotic sequences are optionally chosen such that they do not interfere with the replication of the DNA in eukaryotic cells, if necessary.
[0221]Standard transfection methods are used to produce bacterial, mammalian, yeast or insect cell lines that express large quantities of a T2R protein, which are then purified using standard techniques (see, e.g., Colley et al., J. Biol. Chem. 264:17619-17622 (1989); Guide to Protein Purification, in Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182 (Deutscher, ed., 1990)). Transformation of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are performed according to standard techniques (see, e.g., Morrison, J. Bact. 132:349-351 (1977); Clark-Curtiss & Curtiss, Methods in Enzymology 101:347-362 (Wu et al., eds, 1983).
[0222]Any of the well known procedures for introducing foreign nucleotide sequences into host cells may be used. These include the use of calcium phosphate transfection, polybrene, protoplast fusion, electroporation, liposomes, microinjection, plasma vectors, viral vectors and any of the other well known methods for introducing cloned genomic DNA, cDNA, synthetic DNA or other foreign genetic material into a host cell (see, e.g., Sambrook et al., supra). It is only necessary that the particular genetic engineering procedure used be capable of successfully introducing at least one gene into the host cell capable of expressing a T2R gene.
[0223]After the expression vector is introduced into the cells, the transfected cells are cultured under conditions favoring expression of the T2R family member, which is recovered from the culture using standard techniques identified below.
IV. Purification of T2R Polypeptides
[0224]Either naturally occurring or recombinant T2R polypeptides can be purified for use in functional assays. Optionally, recombinant T2R polypeptides are purified. Naturally occurring T2R polypeptides are purified, e.g., from mammalian tissue such as tongue tissue, and any other source of a T2R homolog. Recombinant T2R polypeptides are purified from any suitable bacterial or eukaryotic expression system, e.g., CHO cells or insect cells.
[0225]T2R proteins may be purified to substantial purity by standard techniques, including selective precipitation with such substances as ammonium sulfate; column chromatography, immunopurification methods, and others (see, e.g., Scopes, Protein Purification: Principles and Practice (1982); U.S. Pat. No. 4,673,641; Ausubel et al., supra; and Sambrook et al., supra).
[0226]A number of procedures can be employed when recombinant T2R family members are being purified. For example, proteins having established molecular adhesion properties can be reversibly fused to the T2R polypeptide. With the appropriate ligand, a T2R can be selectively adsorbed to a purification column and then freed from the column in a relatively pure form. The fused protein is then removed by enzymatic activity. Finally T2R proteins can be purified using immunoaffinity columns.
[0227]A. Purification of T2R Protein from Recombinant Cells
[0228]Recombinant proteins are expressed by transformed bacteria or eukaryotic cells such as CHO cells or insect cells in large amounts, typically after promoter induction; but expression can be constitutive. Promoter induction with IPTG is a one example of an inducible promoter system. Cells are grown according to standard procedures in the art. Fresh or frozen cells are used for isolation of protein.
[0229]Proteins expressed in bacteria may form insoluble aggregates ("inclusion bodies"). Several protocols are suitable for purification of T2R inclusion bodies. For example, purification of inclusion bodies typically involves the extraction, separation and/or purification of inclusion bodies by disruption of bacterial cells, e.g., by incubation in a buffer of 50 mM TRIS/HCL pH 7.5, 50 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, 0.1 mM ATP, and 1 mM PMSF. The cell suspension can be lysed using 2-3 passages through a French Press, homogenized using a Polytron (Brinkman Instruments) or sonicated on ice. Alternate methods of lysing bacteria are apparent to those of skill in the art (see, e.g., Sambrook et al., supra; Ausubel et al., supra).
[0230]If necessary, the inclusion bodies are solubilized, and the lysed cell suspension is typically centrifuged to remove unwanted insoluble matter. Proteins that formed the inclusion bodies may be renatured by dilution or dialysis with a compatible buffer. Suitable solvents include, but are not limited to urea (from about 4 M to about 8 M), formamide (at least about 80%, volume/volume basis), and guanidine hydrochloride (from about 4 M to about 8 M). Some solvents which are capable of solubilizing aggregate-forming proteins, for example SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), 70% formic acid, are inappropriate for use in this procedure due to the possibility of irreversible denaturation of the proteins, accompanied by a lack of immunogenicity and/or activity. Although guanidine hydrochloride and similar agents are denaturants, this denaturation is not irreversible and renaturation may occur upon removal (by dialysis, for example) or dilution of the denaturant, allowing re-formation of immunologically and/or biologically active protein. Other suitable buffers are known to those skilled in the art. T2R polypeptides are separated from other bacterial proteins by standard separation techniques, e.g., with Ni-NTA agarose resin.
[0231]Alternatively, it is possible to purify T2R polypeptides from bacteria periplasm. After lysis of the bacteria, when a T2R protein is exported into the periplasm of the bacteria, the periplasmic fraction of the bacteria can be isolated by cold osmotic shock in addition to other methods known to skill in the art. To isolate recombinant proteins from the periplasm, the bacterial cells are centrifuged to form a pellet. The pellet is resuspended in a buffer containing 20% sucrose. To lyse the cells, the bacteria are centrifuged and the pellet is resuspended in ice-cold 5 mM MgSO4 and kept in an ice bath for approximately 10 minutes. The cell suspension is centrifuged and the supernatant decanted and saved. The recombinant proteins present in the supernatant can be separated from the host proteins by standard separation techniques well known to those of skill in the art.
[0232]B. Standard Protein Separation Techniques for Purifying T2R Polypeptides
[0233]Solubility Fractionation
[0234]Often as an initial step, particularly if the protein mixture is complex, an initial salt fractionation can separate many of the unwanted host cell proteins (or proteins derived from the cell culture media) from the recombinant protein of interest. The preferred salt is ammonium sulfate. Ammonium sulfate precipitates proteins by effectively reducing the amount of water in the protein mixture. Proteins then precipitate on the basis of their solubility. The more hydrophobic a protein is, the more likely it is to precipitate at lower ammonium sulfate concentrations. A typical protocol includes adding saturated ammonium sulfate to a protein solution so that the resultant ammonium sulfate concentration is between 20-30%. This concentration will precipitate the most hydrophobic of proteins. The precipitate is then discarded (unless the protein of interest is hydrophobic) and ammonium sulfate is added to the supernatant to a concentration known to precipitate the protein of interest. The precipitate is then solubilized in buffer and the excess salt removed if necessary, either through dialysis or diafiltration. Other methods that rely on solubility of proteins, such as cold ethanol precipitation, are well known to those of skill in the art and can be used to fractionate complex protein mixtures.
[0235]Size Differential Filtration
[0236]The molecular weight of a T2R protein can be used to isolated it from proteins of greater and lesser size using ultrafiltration through membranes of different pore size (for example, Amicon or Millipore membranes). As a first step, the protein mixture is ultrafiltered through a membrane with a pore size that has a lower molecular weight cut-off than the molecular weight of the protein of interest. The retentate of the ultrafiltration is then ultrafiltered against a membrane with a molecular cut off greater than the molecular weight of the protein of interest. The recombinant protein will pass through the membrane into the filtrate. The filtrate can then be chromatographed as described below.
[0237]Column Chromatography
[0238]T2R proteins can also be separated from other proteins on the basis of its size, net surface charge, hydrophobicity, and affinity for ligands. In addition, antibodies raised against proteins can be conjugated to column matrices and the proteins immunopurified. All of these methods are well known in the art. It will be apparent to one of skill that chromatographic techniques can be performed at any scale and using equipment from many different manufacturers (e.g., Pharmacia Biotech).
V. Immunological Detection of T2R Polypeptides
[0239]In addition to the detection of T2R genes and gene expression using nucleic acid hybridization technology, one can also use immunoassays to detect T2R, e.g., to identify taste receptor cells and variants of T2R family members. Immunoassays can be used to qualitatively or quantitatively analyze the T2R. A general overview of the applicable technology can be found in Harlow & Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual (1988).
[0240]A. Antibodies to T2R Family Members
[0241]Methods of producing polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies that react specifically with a T2R family member are known to those of skill in the art (see, e.g., Coligan, Current Protocols in Immunology (1991); Harlow & Lane, supra; Goding, Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice (2d ed. 1986); and Kohler & Milstein, Nature 256:495-497 (1975). Such techniques include antibody preparation by selection of antibodies from libraries of recombinant antibodies in phage or similar vectors, as well as preparation of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies by immunizing rabbits or mice (see, e.g., Huse et al., Science 246:1275-1281 (1989); Ward et al., Nature 341:544-546 (1989)).
[0242]A number of T2R-comprising immunogens may be used to produce antibodies specifically reactive with a T2R family member. For example, a recombinant T2R protein, or an antigenic fragment thereof, is isolated as described herein. Suitable antigenic regions include, e.g., the conserved motifs that are used to identify members of the T2R family and the SF01 gene, i.e., SEQ ID NOS: SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84; SEQ ID NO:85, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87; SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90, and SEQ ID NO:91. Recombinant protein can be expressed in eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells as described above, and purified as generally described above. Recombinant protein is the preferred immunogen for the production of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. Alternatively, a synthetic peptide derived from the sequences disclosed herein and conjugated to a carrier protein can be used an immunogen. Naturally occurring protein may also be used either in pure or impure form. The product is then injected into an animal capable of producing antibodies. Either monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies may be generated, for subsequent use in immunoassays to measure the protein.
[0243]Methods of production of polyclonal antibodies are known to those of skill in the art. An inbred strain of mice (e.g., BALB/C mice) or rabbits is immunized with the protein using a standard adjuvant, such as Freund's adjuvant, and a standard immunization protocol. The animal's immune response to the immunogen preparation is monitored by taking test bleeds and determining the titer of reactivity to the T2R. When appropriately high titers of antibody to the immunogen are obtained, blood is collected from the animal and antisera are prepared. Further fractionation of the antisera to enrich for antibodies reactive to the protein can be done if desired (see Harlow & Lane, supra).
[0244]Monoclonal antibodies may be obtained by various techniques familiar to those skilled in the art. Briefly, spleen cells from an animal immunized with a desired antigen are immortalized, commonly by fusion with a myeloma cell (see Kohler & Milstein, Eur. J. Immunol. 6:511-519 (1976)). Alternative methods of immortalization include transformation with Epstein Barr Virus, oncogenes, or retroviruses, or other methods well known in the art. Colonies arising from single immortalized cells are screened for production of antibodies of the desired specificity and affinity for the antigen, and yield of the monoclonal antibodies produced by such cells may be enhanced by various techniques, including injection into the peritoneal cavity of a vertebrate host. Alternatively, one may isolate DNA sequences which encode a monoclonal antibody or a binding fragment thereof by screening a DNA library from human B cells according to the general protocol outlined by Huse et al., Science 246:1275-1281 (1989).
[0245]Monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal sera are collected and titered against the immunogen protein in an immunoassay, for example, a solid phase immunoassay with the immunogen immobilized on a solid support. Typically, polyclonal antisera with a titer of 104 or greater are selected and tested for their cross reactivity against non-T2R proteins, or even other T2R family members or other related proteins from other organisms, using a competitive binding immunoassay. Specific polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies will usually bind with a Kd of at least about 0.1 mM, more usually at least about 1 μM, optionally at least about 0.1 μM or better, and optionally 0.01 μM or better.
[0246]Once T2R family member specific antibodies are available, individual T2R proteins can be detected by a variety of immunoassay methods. For a review of immunological and immunoassay procedures, see Basic and Clinical Immunology (Stites & Terr eds., 7th ed. 1991). Moreover, the immunoassays of the present invention can be performed in any of several configurations, which are reviewed extensively in Enzyme Immunoassay (Maggio, ed., 1980); and Harlow & Lane, supra.
[0247]B. Immunological Binding Assays
[0248]T2R proteins can be detected and/or quantified using any of a number of well recognized immunological binding assays (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,366,241; 4,376,110; 4,517,288; and 4,837,168). For a review of the general immunoassays, see also Methods in Cell Biology: Antibodies in Cell Biology, volume 37 (Asai, ed. 1993); Basic and Clinical Immunology (Stites & Ten, eds., 7th ed. 1991). Immunological binding assays (or immunoassays) typically use an antibody that specifically binds to a protein or antigen of choice (in this case a T2R family member or an antigenic subsequence thereof). The antibody (e.g., anti-T2R) may be produced by any of a number of means well known to those of skill in the art and as described above.
[0249]Immunoassays also often use a labeling agent to specifically bind to and label the complex formed by the antibody and antigen. The labeling agent may itself be one of the moieties comprising the antibody/antigen complex. Thus, the labeling agent may be a labeled T2R polypeptide or a labeled anti-T2R antibody. Alternatively, the labeling agent may be a third moiety, such a secondary antibody, that specifically binds to the antibody/T2R complex (a secondary antibody is typically specific to antibodies of the species from which the first antibody is derived). Other proteins capable of specifically binding immunoglobulin constant regions, such as protein A or protein G may also be used as the label agent. These proteins exhibit a strong non-immunogenic reactivity with immunoglobulin constant regions from a variety of species (see, e.g., Kronval et al., J. Immunol. 111:1401-1406 (1973); Akerstrom et al., J. Immunol. 135:2589-2542 (1985)). The labeling agent can be modified with a detectable moiety, such as biotin, to which another molecule can specifically bind, such as streptavidin. A variety of detectable moieties are well known to those skilled in the art.
[0250]Throughout the assays, incubation and/or washing steps may be required after each combination of reagents. Incubation steps can vary from about 5 seconds to several hours, optionally from about 5 minutes to about 24 hours. However, the incubation time will depend upon the assay format, antigen, volume of solution, concentrations, and the like. Usually, the assays will be carried out at ambient temperature, although they can be conducted over a range of temperatures, such as 10° C. to 40° C.
[0251]Non-Competitive Assay Formats
[0252]Immunoassays for detecting a T2R protein in a sample may be either competitive or noncompetitive. Noncompetitive immunoassays are assays in which the amount of antigen is directly measured. In one preferred "sandwich" assay, for example, the anti-T2R antibodies can be bound directly to a solid substrate on which they are immobilized. These immobilized antibodies then capture the T2R protein present in the test sample. The T2R protein is thus immobilized is then bound by a labeling agent, such as a second T2R antibody bearing a label. Alternatively, the second antibody may lack a label, but it may, in turn, be bound by a labeled third antibody specific to antibodies of the species from which the second antibody is derived. The second or third antibody is typically modified with a detectable moiety, such as biotin, to which another molecule specifically binds, e.g., streptavidin, to provide a detectable moiety.
[0253]Competitive Assay Formats
[0254]In competitive assays, the amount of T2R protein present in the sample is measured indirectly by measuring the amount of a known, added (exogenous) T2R protein displaced (competed away) from an anti-T2R antibody by the unknown T2R protein present in a sample. In one competitive assay, a known amount of T2R protein is added to a sample and the sample is then contacted with an antibody that specifically binds to the T2R. The amount of exogenous T2R protein bound to the antibody is inversely proportional to the concentration of T2R protein present in the sample. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the antibody is immobilized on a solid substrate. The amount of T2R protein bound to the antibody may be determined either by measuring the amount of T2R protein present in a T2R/antibody complex, or alternatively by measuring the amount of remaining uncomplexed protein. The amount of T2R protein may be detected by providing a labeled T2R molecule.
[0255]A hapten inhibition assay is another preferred competitive assay. In this assay the known T2R protein is immobilized on a solid substrate. A known amount of anti-T2R antibody is added to the sample, and the sample is then contacted with the immobilized T2R. The amount of anti-T2R antibody bound to the known immobilized T2R protein is inversely proportional to the amount of T2R protein present in the sample. Again, the amount of immobilized antibody may be detected by detecting either the immobilized fraction of antibody or the fraction of the antibody that remains in solution. Detection may be direct where the antibody is labeled or indirect by the subsequent addition of a labeled moiety that specifically binds to the antibody as described above.
[0256]Cross-Reactivity Determinations
[0257]Immunoassays in the competitive binding format can also be used for crossreactivity determinations. For example, a protein at least partially encoded by SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:79, or SEQ ID NO:81 can be immobilized to a solid support. Proteins (e.g., T2R proteins and homologs) are added to the assay that compete for binding of the antisera to the immobilized antigen. The ability of the added proteins to compete for binding of the antisera to the immobilized protein is compared to the ability of the T2R polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:79, or SEQ ID NO:81 to compete with itself. The percent crossreactivity for the above proteins is calculated, using standard calculations. Those antisera with less than 10% crossreactivity with each of the added proteins listed above are selected and pooled. The cross-reacting antibodies are optionally removed from the pooled antisera by immunoabsorption with the added considered proteins, e.g., distantly related homologs. In addition, peptides representing the conserved motifs that are used to identify members of the T2R family and the SF01 gene can be used in cross-reactivity determinations, i.e., SEQ ID NOS: SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84; SEQ ID NO:85, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87; SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90, and SEQ ID NO:91
[0258]The immunoabsorbed and pooled antisera are then used in a competitive binding immunoassay as described above to compare a second protein, thought to be perhaps an allele or polymorphic variant of a T2R family member, to the immunogen protein (i.e., T2R protein encoded by SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:79, or SEQ ID NO:81). In order to make this comparison, the two proteins are each assayed at a wide range of concentrations and the amount of each protein required to inhibit 50% of the binding of the antisera to the immobilized protein is determined. If the amount of the second protein required to inhibit 50% of binding is less than 10 times the amount of the protein encoded by SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:79, or SEQ ID NO:81 that is required to inhibit 50% of binding, then the second protein is said to specifically bind to the polyclonal antibodies generated to a T2R immunogen.
[0259]Polyclonal antibodies that specifically bind to a particular member of the T2R family, e.g., SF01, can be make by subtracting out cross-reactive antibodies using other T2R family members. Species-specific polyclonal antibodies can be made in a similar way. For example, antibodies specific to human SF01 can be made by subtracting out antibodies that are cross-reactive with rat or mouse SF01.
[0260]Other Assay Formats
[0261]Western blot (immunoblot) analysis is used to detect and quantify the presence of T2R protein in the sample. The technique generally comprises separating sample proteins by gel electrophoresis on the basis of molecular weight, transferring the separated proteins to a suitable solid support, (such as a nitrocellulose filter, a nylon filter, or derivatized nylon filter), and incubating the sample with the antibodies that specifically bind the T2R protein. The anti-T2R polypeptide antibodies specifically bind to the T2R polypeptide on the solid support. These antibodies may be directly labeled or alternatively may be subsequently detected using labeled antibodies (e.g., labeled sheep anti-mouse antibodies) that specifically bind to the anti-T2R antibodies.
[0262]Other assay formats include liposome immunoassays (LIA), which use liposomes designed to bind specific molecules (e.g., antibodies) and release encapsulated reagents or markers. The released chemicals are then detected according to standard techniques (see Monroe et al., Amer. Clin. Prod. Rev. 5:34-41 (1986)).
[0263]Reduction of Non-Specific Binding
[0264]One of skill in the art will appreciate that it is often desirable to minimize non-specific binding in immunoassays. Particularly, where the assay involves an antigen or antibody immobilized on a solid substrate it is desirable to minimize the amount of non-specific binding to the substrate. Means of reducing such non-specific binding are well known to those of skill in the art. Typically, this technique involves coating the substrate with a proteinaceous composition. In particular, protein compositions such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), nonfat powdered milk, and gelatin are widely used with powdered milk being most preferred.
[0265]Labels
[0266]The particular label or detectable group used in the assay is not a critical aspect of the invention, as long as it does not significantly interfere with the specific binding of the antibody used in the assay. The detectable group can be any material having a detectable physical or chemical property. Such detectable labels have been well-developed in the field of immunoassays and, in general, most any label useful in such methods can be applied to the present invention. Thus, a label is any composition detectable by spectroscopic, photochemical, biochemical, immunochemical, electrical, optical or chemical means. Useful labels in the present invention include magnetic beads (e.g., DYNABEADS®), fluorescent dyes (e.g., fluorescein isothiocyanate, Texas red, rhodamine, and the like), radiolabels (e.g., 3H, 125I, 35S, 14C or 32P), enzymes (e.g., horse radish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and others commonly used in an ELISA), and colorimetric labels such as colloidal gold or colored glass or plastic beads (e.g., polystyrene, polypropylene, latex, etc.).
[0267]The label may be coupled directly or indirectly to the desired component of the assay according to methods well known in the art. As indicated above, a wide variety of labels may be used, with the choice of label depending on sensitivity required, ease of conjugation with the compound, stability requirements, available instrumentation, and disposal provisions.
[0268]Non-radioactive labels are often attached by indirect means. Generally, a ligand molecule (e.g., biotin) is covalently bound to the molecule. The ligand then binds to another molecules (e.g., streptavidin) molecule, which is either inherently detectable or covalently bound to a signal system, such as a detectable enzyme, a fluorescent compound, or a chemiluminescent compound. The ligands and their targets can be used in any suitable combination with antibodies that recognize a T2R protein, or secondary antibodies that recognize anti-T2R.
[0269]The molecules can also be conjugated directly to signal generating compounds, e.g., by conjugation with an enzyme or fluorophore. Enzymes of interest as labels will primarily be hydrolases, particularly phosphatases, esterases and glycosidases, or oxidotases, particularly peroxidases. Fluorescent compounds include fluorescein and its derivatives, rhodamine and its derivatives, dansyl, umbelliferone, etc. Chemiluminescent compounds include luciferin, and 2,3-dihydrophthalazinediones, e.g., luminol. For a review of various labeling or signal producing systems that may be used, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,391,904.
[0270]Means of detecting labels are well known to those of skill in the art. Thus, for example, where the label is a radioactive label, means for detection include a scintillation counter or photographic film as in autoradiography. Where the label is a fluorescent label, it may be detected by exciting the fluorochrome with the appropriate wavelength of light and detecting the resulting fluorescence. The fluorescence may be detected visually, by means of photographic film, by the use of electronic detectors such as charge coupled devices (CCDs) or photomultipliers and the like. Similarly, enzymatic labels may be detected by providing the appropriate substrates for the enzyme and detecting the resulting reaction product. Finally simple colorimetric labels may be detected simply by observing the color associated with the label. Thus, in various dipstick assays, conjugated gold often appears pink, while various conjugated beads appear the color of the bead.
[0271]Some assay formats do not require the use of labeled components. For instance, agglutination assays can be used to detect the presence of the target antibodies. In this case, antigen-coated particles are agglutinated by samples comprising the target antibodies. In this format, none of the components need be labeled and the presence of the target antibody is detected by simple visual inspection.
VI. Assays for Modulators of T2R Family Members
[0272]A. Assays for T2R Protein Activity
[0273]T2R family members and their alleles and polymorphic variants are G-protein coupled receptors that participate in taste transduction. The activity of T2R polypeptides can be assessed using a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays to determine functional, chemical, and physical effects, e.g., measuring ligand binding (e.g., radioactive ligand binding), second messengers (e.g., cAMP, cGMP, IP3, DAG, or Ca2+), ion flux, phosphorylation levels, transcription levels, neurotransmitter levels, and the like. Furthermore, such assays can be used to test for inhibitors and activators of T2R family members. Modulators can also be genetically altered versions of T2R receptors. Such modulators of taste transduction activity are useful for customizing taste.
[0274]The T2R protein of the assay will be selected from a polypeptide having a sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, or SEQ ID NO:80 or conservatively modified variant thereof. Alternatively, the T2R protein of the assay will be derived from a eukaryote and include an amino acid subsequence having amino acid sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, SEQ ID NO:80, SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90, or SEQ ID NO:91. Generally, the amino acid sequence identity will be at least 60%, optionally at least 70% to 85%, optionally at least 90-95%. Optionally, the polypeptide of the assays will comprise a domain of a T2R protein, such as an extracellular domain, transmembrane domain, cytoplasmic domain, ligand binding domain, subunit association domain, active site, and the like. Either the T2R protein or a domain thereof can be covalently linked to a heterologous protein to create a chimeric protein used in the assays described herein.
[0275]Modulators of T2R receptor activity are tested using T2R polypeptides as described above, either recombinant or naturally occurring. The protein can be isolated, expressed in a cell, expressed in a membrane derived from a cell, expressed in tissue or in an animal, either recombinant or naturally occurring. For example, tongue slices, dissociated cells from a tongue, transformed cells, or membranes can b used. Modulation is tested using one of the in vitro or in vivo assays described herein. Taste transduction can also be examined in vitro with soluble or solid state reactions, using a full-length T2R-GPCR or a chimeric molecule such as an extracellular domain of a receptor covalently linked to a heterologous signal transduction domain, or a heterologous extracellular domain covalently linked to the transmembrane and or cytoplasmic domain of a receptor. Furthermore, ligand-binding domains of the protein of interest can be used in vitro in soluble or solid state reactions to assay for ligand binding.
[0276]Ligand binding to a T2R protein, a domain, or chimeric protein can be tested in solution, in a bilayer membrane, attached to a solid phase, in a lipid monolayer, or in vesicles. Binding of a modulator can be tested using, e.g., changes in spectroscopic characteristics (e.g., fluorescence, absorbance, refractive index) hydrodynamic (e.g., shape), chromatographic, or solubility properties.
[0277]Receptor-G-protein interactions can also be examined. For example, binding of the G-protein to the receptor or its release from the receptor can be examined. For example, in the absence of GTP, an activator will lead to the formation of a tight complex of a G protein (all three subunits) with the receptor. This complex can be detected in a variety of ways, as noted above. Such an assay can be modified to search for inhibitors. Add an activator to the receptor and G protein in the absence of GTP, form a tight complex, and then screen for inhibitors by looking at dissociation of the receptor-G protein complex. In the presence of GTP, release of the alpha subunit of the G protein from the other two G protein subunits serves as a criterion of activation.
[0278]An activated or inhibited G-protein will in turn alter the properties of target enzymes, channels, and other effector proteins. The classic examples are the activation of cGMP phosphodiesterase by transducin in the visual system, adenylate cyclase by the stimulatory G-protein, phospholipase C by Gq and other cognate G proteins, and modulation of diverse channels by Gi and other G proteins. Downstream consequences can also be examined such as generation of diacyl glycerol and IP3 by phospholipase C, and in turn, for calcium mobilization by IP3.
[0279]Activated GPCR receptors become substrates for kinases that phosphorylate the C-terminal tail of the receptor (and possibly other sites as well). Thus, activators will promote the transfer of 32P from gamma-labeled GTP to the receptor, which can be assayed with a scintillation counter. The phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail will promote the binding of arrestin-like proteins and will interfere with the binding of G-proteins. The kinase/arrestin pathway plays a key role in the desensitization of many GPCR receptors. For example, compounds that modulate the duration a taste receptor stays active would be useful as a means of prolonging a desired taste or cutting off an unpleasant one. For a general review of GPCR signal transduction and methods of assaying signal transduction, see, e.g., Methods in Enzymology, vols. 237 and 238 (1994) and volume 96 (1983); Bourne et al., Nature 10:349:117-27 (1991); Bourne et al., Nature 348:125-32 (1990); Pitcher et al., Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67:653-92 (1998).
[0280]Samples or assays that are treated with a potential T2R protein inhibitor or activator are compared to control samples without the test compound, to examine the extent of modulation. Control samples (untreated with activators or inhibitors) are assigned a relative T2R activity value of 100. Inhibition of a T2R protein is achieved when the T2R activity value relative to the control is about 90%, optionally 50%, optionally 25-0%. Activation of a T2R protein is achieved when the T2R activity value relative to the control is 110%, optionally 150%, 200-500%, or 1000-2000%.
[0281]Changes in ion flux may be assessed by determining changes in polarization (i.e., electrical potential) of the cell or membrane expressing a T2R protein. One means to determine changes in cellular polarization is by measuring changes in current (thereby measuring changes in polarization) with voltage-clamp and patch-clamp techniques, e.g., the "cell-attached" mode, the "inside-out" mode, and the "whole cell" mode (see, e.g., Ackerman et al., New Engl. J. Med. 336:1575-1595 (1997)). Whole cell currents are conveniently determined using the standard methodology (see, e.g., Hamil et al., PFlugers. Archiv. 391:85 (1981). Other known assays include: radiolabeled ion flux assays and fluorescence assays using voltage-sensitive dyes (see, e.g., Vestergarrd-Bogind et al., J. Membrane Biol. 88:67-75 (1988); Gonzales & Tsien, Chem. Biol. 4:269-277 (1997); Daniel et al., J. Pharmacol. Meth. 25:185-193 (1991); Holevinsky et al., J. Membrane Biology 137:59-70 (1994)). Generally, the compounds to be tested are present in the range from 1 pM to 100 mM.
[0282]The effects of the test compounds upon the function of the polypeptides can be measured by examining any of the parameters described above. Any suitable physiological change that affects GPCR activity can be used to assess the influence of a test compound on the polypeptides of this invention. When the functional consequences are determined using intact cells or animals, one can also measure a variety of effects such as transmitter release, hormone release, transcriptional changes to both known and uncharacterized genetic markers (e.g., northern blots), changes in cell metabolism such as cell growth or pH changes, and changes in intracellular second messengers such as Ca2+, IP3, cGMP, or cAMP.
[0283]Preferred assays for G-protein coupled receptors include cells that are loaded with ion or voltage sensitive dyes to report receptor activity. Assays for determining activity of such receptors can also use known agonists and antagonists for other G-protein coupled receptors as negative or positive controls to assess activity of tested compounds. In assays for identifying modulatory compounds (e.g., agonists, antagonists), changes in the level of ions in the cytoplasm or membrane voltage will be monitored using an ion sensitive or membrane voltage fluorescent indicator, respectively. Among the ion-sensitive indicators and voltage probes that may be employed are those disclosed in the Molecular Probes 1997 Catalog. For G-protein coupled receptors, promiscuous G-proteins such as Gα15 and Gα16 can be used in the assay of choice (Wilkie et al., Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci. USA 88:10049-10053 (1991)). Such promiscuous G-proteins allow coupling of a wide range of receptors.
[0284]Receptor activation typically initiates subsequent intracellular events, e.g., increases in second messengers such as IP3, which releases intracellular stores of calcium ions. Activation of some G-protein coupled receptors stimulates the formation of inositol triphosphate (IP3) through phospholipase C-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol (Berridge & Irvine, Nature 312:315-21 (1984)). IP3 in turn stimulates the release of intracellular calcium ion stores. Thus, a change in cytoplasmic calcium ion levels, or a change in second messenger levels such as IP3 can be used to assess G-protein coupled receptor function. Cells expressing such G-protein coupled receptors may exhibit increased cytoplasmic calcium levels as a result of contribution from both intracellular stores and via activation of ion channels, in which case it may be desirable although not necessary to conduct such assays in calcium-free buffer, optionally supplemented with a chelating agent such as EGTA, to distinguish fluorescence response resulting from calcium release from internal stores.
[0285]Other assays can involve determining the activity of receptors which, when activated, result in a change in the level of intracellular cyclic nucleotides, e.g., cAMP or cGMP, by activating or inhibiting enzymes such as adenylate cyclase. There are cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels, e.g., rod photoreceptor cell channels and olfactory neuron channels that are permeable to cations upon activation by binding of cAMP or cGMP (see, e.g., Altenhofen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:9868-9872 (1991) and Dhallan et al., Nature 347:184-187 (1990)). In cases where activation of the receptor results in a decrease in cyclic nucleotide levels, it may be preferable to expose the cells to agents that increase intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels, e.g., forskolin, prior to adding a receptor-activating compound to the cells in the assay. Cells for this type of assay can be made by co-transfection of a host cell with DNA encoding a cyclic nucleotide-crated ion channel, GPCR phosphatase and DNA encoding a receptor (e.g., certain glutamate receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, dopamine receptors, serotonin receptors, and the like), which, when activated, causes a change in cyclic nucleotide levels in the cytoplasm.
[0286]In a preferred embodiment, T2R protein activity is measured by expressing a T2R gene in a heterologous cell with a promiscuous G-protein that links the receptor to a phospholipase C signal transduction pathway (see Offermanns & Simon, J. Biol. Chem. 270:15175-15180 (1995)). Optionally the cell line is HEK-293 (which does not naturally express T2R genes) and the promiscuous G-protein is Gα15 (Offermanns & Simon, supra). Modulation of taste transduction is assayed by measuring changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels, which change in response to modulation of the T2R signal transduction pathway via administration of a molecule that associates with a T2R protein. Changes in Ca2+ levels are optionally measured using fluorescent Ca2+ indicator dyes and fluorometric imaging.
[0287]In one embodiment, the changes in intracellular cAMP or cGMP can be measured using immunoassays. The method described in Offermanns & Simon, J. Biol. Chem. 270:15175-15180 (1995) may be used to determine the level of cAMP. Also, the method described in Felley-Bosco et al., Am. J. Resp. Cell and Mol. Biol. 11:159-164 (1994) may be used to determine the level of cGMP. Further, an assay kit for measuring cAMP and/or cGMP is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,115,538, herein incorporated by reference.
[0288]In another embodiment, phosphatidyl inositol (PI) hydrolysis can be analyzed according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,436,128, herein incorporated by reference. Briefly, the assay involves labeling of cells with 3H-myoinositol for 48 or more hrs. The labeled cells are treated with a test compound for one hour. The treated cells are lysed and extracted in chloroform-methanol-water after which the inositol phosphates were separated by ion exchange chromatography and quantified by scintillation counting. Fold stimulation is determined by calculating the ratio of cpm in the presence of agonist to cpm in the presence of buffer control. Likewise, fold inhibition is determined by calculating the ratio of cpm in the presence of antagonist to cpm in the presence of buffer control (which may or may not contain an agonist).
[0289]In another embodiment, transcription levels can be measured to assess the effects of a test compound on signal transduction. A host cell containing a T2R protein of interest is contacted with a test compound for a sufficient time to effect any interactions, and then the level of gene expression is measured. The amount of time to effect such interactions may be empirically determined, such as by running a time course and measuring the level of transcription as a function of time. The amount of transcription may be measured by using any method known to those of skill in the art to be suitable. For example, mRNA expression of the protein of interest may be detected using northern blots or their polypeptide products may be identified using immunoassays. Alternatively, transcription based assays using reporter gene may be used as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,436,128, herein incorporated by reference. The reporter genes can be, e.g., chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, luciferase, β-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, the protein of interest can be used as an indirect reporter via attachment to a second reporter such as green fluorescent protein (see, e.g., Mistili & Spector, Nature Biotechnology 15:961-964 (1997)).
[0290]The amount of transcription is then compared to the amount of transcription in either the same cell in the absence of the test compound, or it may be compared with the amount of transcription in a substantially identical cell that lacks the protein of interest. A substantially identical cell may be derived from the same cells from which the recombinant cell was prepared but which had not been modified by introduction of heterologous DNA. Any difference in the amount of transcription indicates that the test compound has in some manner altered the activity of the protein of interest.
[0291]B. Modulators
[0292]The compounds tested as modulators of a T2R family member can be any small chemical compound, or a biological entity, such as a protein, sugar, nucleic acid or lipid. Alternatively, modulators can be genetically altered versions of a T2R gene. Typically, test compounds will be small chemical molecules and peptides. Essentially any chemical compound can be used as a potential modulator or ligand in the assays of the invention, although most often compounds can be dissolved in aqueous or organic (especially DMSO-based) solutions are used. The assays are designed to screen large chemical libraries by automating the assay steps and providing compounds from any convenient source to assays, which are typically run in parallel (e.g., in microtiter formats on microtiter plates in robotic assays). It will be appreciated that there are many suppliers of chemical compounds, including Sigma (St. Louis, Mo.), Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo.), Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo.), Fluka Chemika-Biochemica Analytika (Buchs, Switzerland) and the like.
[0293]In one preferred embodiment, high throughput screening methods involve providing a combinatorial chemical or peptide library containing a large number of potential therapeutic compounds (potential modulator or ligand compounds). Such "combinatorial chemical libraries" or "ligand libraries" are then screened in one or more assays, as described herein, to identify those library members (particular chemical species or subclasses) that display a desired characteristic activity. The compounds thus identified can serve as conventional "lead compounds" or can themselves be used as potential or actual therapeutics.
[0294]A combinatorial chemical library is a collection of diverse chemical compounds generated by either chemical synthesis or biological synthesis, by combining a number of chemical "building blocks" such as reagents. For example, a linear combinatorial chemical library such as a polypeptide library is formed by combining a set of chemical building blocks (amino acids) in every possible way for a given compound length (i.e., the number of amino acids in a polypeptide compound). Millions of chemical compounds can be synthesized through such combinatorial mixing of chemical building blocks.
[0295]Preparation and screening of combinatorial chemical libraries is well known to those of skill in the art. Such combinatorial chemical libraries include, but are not limited to, peptide libraries (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,010,175, Furka, Int. J. Pept. Prot. Res. 37:487-493 (1991) and Houghton et al., Nature 354:84-88 (1991)). Other chemistries for generating chemical diversity libraries can also be used. Such chemistries include, but are not limited to: peptoids (e.g., PCT Publication No. WO 91/19735), encoded peptides (e.g., PCT Publication WO 93/20242), random bio-oligomers (e.g., PCT Publication No. WO 92/00091), benzodiazepines (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,514), diversomers such as hydantoins, benzodiazepines and dipeptides (Hobbs et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 90:6909-6913 (1993)), vinylogous polypeptides (Hagihara et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 114:6568 (1992)), nonpeptidal peptidomimetics with glucose scaffolding (Hirschmann et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 114:9217-9218 (1992)), analogous organic syntheses of small compound libraries (Chen et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 116:2661 (1994)), oligocarbamates (Cho et al., Science 261:1303 (1993)), and/or peptidyl phosphonates (Campbell et al., J. Org. Chem. 59:658 (1994)), nucleic acid libraries (see Ausubel, Berger and Sambrook, all supra), peptide nucleic acid libraries (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,539,083), antibody libraries (see, e.g., Vaughn et al., Nature Biotechnology, 14(3):309-314 (1996) and PCT/US96/10287), carbohydrate libraries (see, e.g., Liang et al., Science, 274:1520-1522 (1996) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,853), small organic molecule libraries (see, e.g., benzodiazepines, Baum C&EN, Jan. 18, page 33 (1993); isoprenoids, U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,588; thiazolidinones and metathiazanones, U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,974; pyrrolidines, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,525,735 and 5,519,134; morpholino compounds, U.S. Pat. No. 5,506,337; benzodiazepines, U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,514, and the like).
[0296]Devices for the preparation of combinatorial libraries are commercially available (see, e.g., 357 MPS, 390 MPS, Advanced Chem Tech, Louisville Ky., Symphony, Rainin, Woburn, Mass., 433A Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif., 9050 Plus, Millipore, Bedford, Mass.). In addition, numerous combinatorial libraries are themselves commercially available (see, e.g., ComGenex, Princeton, N.J., Tripos, Inc., St. Louis, Mo., 3D Pharmaceuticals, Exton, Pa., Martek Biosciences, Columbia, Md., etc.).
[0297]C. Solid State and Soluble High Throughput Assays
[0298]In one embodiment the invention provide soluble assays using molecules such as a domain such as ligand binding domain, an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain (e.g., one comprising seven transmembrane regions and cytosolic loops), the transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain, an active site, a subunit association region, etc.; a domain that is covalently linked to a heterologous protein to create a chimeric molecule; a T2R protein; or a cell or tissue expressing a T2R protein, either naturally occurring or recombinant. In another embodiment, the invention provides solid phase based in vitro assays in a high throughput format, where the domain, chimeric molecule, T2R protein, or cell or tissue expressing the T2R is attached to a solid phase substrate.
[0299]In the high throughput assays of the invention, it is possible to screen up to several thousand different modulators or ligands in a single day. In particular, each well of a microtiter plate can be used to run a separate assay against a selected potential modulator, or, if concentration or incubation time effects are to be observed, every 5-10 wells can test a single modulator. Thus, a single standard microtiter plate can assay about 100 (e.g., 96) modulators. If 1536 well plates are used, then a single plate can easily assay from about 100- about 1500 different compounds. It is possible to assay several different plates per day; assay screens for up to about 6,000-20,000 different compounds is possible using the integrated systems of the invention. More recently, microfluidic approaches to reagent manipulation have been developed.
[0300]The molecule of interest can be bound to the solid state component, directly or indirectly, via covalent or non covalent linkage, e.g., via a tag. The tag can be any of a variety of components. In general, a molecule which binds the tag (a tag binder) is fixed to a solid support, and the tagged molecule of interest (e.g., the taste transduction molecule of interest) is attached to the solid support by interaction of the tag and the tag binder.
[0301]A number of tags and tag binders can be used, based upon known molecular interactions well described in the literature. For example, where a tag has a natural binder, for example, biotin, protein A, or protein G, it can be used in conjunction with appropriate tag binders (avidin, streptavidin, neutravidin, the Fc region of an immunoglobulin, etc.) Antibodies to molecules with natural binders such as biotin are also widely available and appropriate tag binders; see, SIGMA Immunochemicals 1998 catalogue SIGMA, St. Louis Mo.).
[0302]Similarly, any haptenic or antigenic compound can be used in combination with an appropriate antibody to form a tag/tag binder pair. Thousands of specific antibodies are commercially available and many additional antibodies are described in the literature. For example, in one common configuration, the tag is a first antibody and the tag binder is a second antibody which recognizes the first antibody. In addition to antibody-antigen interactions, receptor-ligand interactions are also appropriate as tag and tag-binder pairs. For example, agonists and antagonists of cell membrane receptors (e.g., cell receptor-ligand interactions such as transferrin, c-kit, viral receptor ligands, cytokine receptors, chemokine receptors, interleukin receptors, immunoglobulin receptors and antibodies, the cadherein family, the integrin family, the selectin family, and the like; see, e.g., Pigott & Power, The Adhesion Molecule Facts BookI (1993). Similarly, toxins and venoms, viral epitopes, hormones (e.g., opiates, steroids, etc.), intracellular receptors (e.g. which mediate the effects of various small ligands, including steroids, thyroid hormone, retinoids and vitamin D; peptides), drugs, lectins, sugars, nucleic acids (both linear and cyclic polymer configurations), oligosaccharides, proteins, phospholipids and antibodies can all interact with various cell receptors.
[0303]Synthetic polymers, such as polyurethanes, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyureas, polyamides, polyethyleneimines, polyarylene sulfides, polysiloxanes, polyimides, and polyacetates can also form an appropriate tag or tag binder. Many other tag/tag binder pairs are also useful in assay systems described herein, as would be apparent to one of skill upon review of this disclosure.
[0304]Common linkers such as peptides, polyethers, and the like can also serve as tags, and include polypeptide sequences, such as poly gly sequences of between about 5 and 200 amino acids. Such flexible linkers are known to persons of skill in the art. For example, poly(ethelyne glycol) linkers are available from Shearwater Polymers, Inc. Huntsville, Ala. These linkers optionally have amide linkages, sulfhydryl linkages, or heterofunctional linkages.
[0305]Tag binders are fixed to solid substrates using any of a variety of methods currently available. Solid substrates are commonly derivatized or functionalized by exposing all or a portion of the substrate to a chemical reagent which fixes a chemical group to the surface which is reactive with a portion of the tag binder. For example, groups which are suitable for attachment to a longer chain portion would include amines, hydroxyl, thiol, and carboxyl groups. Aminoalkylsilanes and hydroxyalkylsilanes can be used to functionalize a variety of surfaces, such as glass surfaces. The construction of such solid phase biopolymer arrays is well described in the literature. See, e.g., Merrifield, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85:2149-2154 (1963) (describing solid phase synthesis of, e.g., peptides); Geysen et al., J. Immun. Meth. 102:259-274 (1987) (describing synthesis of solid phase components on pins); Frank & Doring, Tetrahedron 44:60316040 (1988) (describing synthesis of various peptide sequences on cellulose disks); Fodor et al., Science, 251:767-777 (1991); Sheldon et al., Clinical Chemistry 39(4):718-719 (1993); and Kozal et al., Nature Medicine 2(7):753759 (1996) (all describing arrays of biopolymers fixed to solid substrates). Non-chemical approaches for fixing tag binders to substrates include other common methods, such as heat, cross-linking by UV radiation, and the like.
[0306]D. Computer-Based Assays
[0307]Yet another assay for compounds that modulate T2R protein activity involves computer assisted drug design, in which a computer system is used to generate a three-dimensional structure of a T2R protein based on the structural information encoded by its amino acid sequence. The input amino acid sequence interacts directly and actively with a preestablished algorithm in a computer program to yield secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structural models of the protein. The models of the protein structure are then examined to identify regions of the structure that have the ability to bind, e.g., ligands. These regions are then used to identify ligands that bind to the protein.
[0308]The three-dimensional structural model of the protein is generated by entering protein amino acid sequences of at least 10 amino acid residues or corresponding nucleic acid sequences encoding a T2R polypeptide into the computer system. The nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide, or the amino acid sequence thereof, is preferably selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:79, or SEQ ID NO:81; or SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, or SEQ ID NO:80, respectively, and conservatively modified versions thereof. The amino acid sequence represents the primary sequence or subsequence of the protein, which encodes the structural information of the protein. At least 10 residues of the amino acid sequence (or a nucleotide sequence encoding 10 amino acids) are entered into the computer system from computer keyboards, computer readable substrates that include, but are not limited to, electronic storage media (e.g., magnetic diskettes, tapes, cartridges, and chips), optical media (e.g., CD ROM), information distributed by internet sites, and by RAM. The three-dimensional structural model of the protein is then generated by the interaction of the amino acid sequence and the computer system, using software known to those of skill in the art.
[0309]The amino acid sequence represents a primary structure that encodes the information necessary to form the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of the protein of interest. The software looks at certain parameters encoded by the primary sequence to generate the structural model. These parameters are referred to as "energy terms," and primarily include electrostatic potentials, hydrophobic potentials, solvent accessible surfaces, and hydrogen bonding. Secondary energy terms include van der Waals potentials. Biological molecules form the structures that minimize the energy terms in a cumulative fashion. The computer program is therefore using these terms encoded by the primary structure or amino acid sequence to create the secondary structural model.
[0310]The tertiary structure of the protein encoded by the secondary structure is then formed on the basis of the energy terms of the secondary structure. The user at this point can enter additional variables such as whether the protein is membrane bound or soluble, its location in the body, and its cellular location, e.g., cytoplasmic, surface, or nuclear. These variables along with the energy terms of the secondary structure are used to form the model of the tertiary structure. In modeling the tertiary structure, the computer program matches hydrophobic faces of secondary structure with like, and hydrophilic faces of secondary structure with like.
[0311]Once the structure has been generated, potential ligand binding regions are identified by the computer system. Three-dimensional structures for potential ligands are generated by entering amino acid or nucleotide sequences or chemical formulas of compounds, as described above. The three-dimensional structure of the potential ligand is then compared to that of the T2R protein to identify ligands that bind to the protein. Binding affinity between the protein and ligands is determined using energy terms to determine which ligands have an enhanced probability of binding to the protein.
[0312]Computer systems are also used to screen for mutations, polymorphic variants, alleles and interspecies homologs of T2R genes. Such mutations can be associated with disease states or genetic traits. As described above, GeneChip® and related technology can also be used to screen for mutations, polymorphic variants, alleles and interspecies homologs. Once the variants are identified, diagnostic assays can be used to identify patients having such mutated genes. Identification of the mutated T2R genes involves receiving input of a first nucleic acid or amino acid sequence of a T2R gene selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:79, and SEQ ID NO:81; or SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5; SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:78, and SEQ ID NO:80, respectively, and conservatively modified versions thereof. The sequence is entered into the computer system as described above. The first nucleic acid or amino acid sequence is then compared to a second nucleic acid or amino acid sequence that has substantial identity to the first sequence. The second sequence is entered into the computer system in the manner described above. Once the first and second sequences are compared, nucleotide or amino acid differences between the sequences are identified. Such sequences can represent allelic differences in various T2R genes, and mutations associated with disease states and genetic traits.
VIII. Kits
[0313]T2R genes and their homologs are useful tools for identifying taste receptor cells, for forensics and paternity determinations, and for examining taste transduction. T2R family member-specific reagents that specifically hybridize to T2R nucleic acids, such as T2R probes and primers, and T2R specific reagents that specifically bind to a T2R protein, e.g., T2R antibodies are used to examine taste cell expression and taste transduction regulation.
[0314]Nucleic acid assays for the presence of DNA and RNA for a T2R family member in a sample include numerous techniques are known to those skilled in the art, such as Southern analysis, northern analysis, dot blots, RNase protection, 51 analysis, amplification techniques such as PCR and LCR, and in situ hybridization. In in situ hybridization, for example, the target nucleic acid is liberated from its cellular surroundings in such as to be available for hybridization within the cell while preserving the cellular morphology for subsequent interpretation and analysis. The following articles provide an overview of the art of in situ hybridization: Singer et al., Biotechniques 4:230-250 (1986); Haase et al., Methods in Virology, vol. VII, pp. 189-226 (1984); and Nucleic Acid Hybridization: A Practical Approach (Hames et al., eds. 1987). In addition, a T2R protein can be detected with the various immunoassay techniques described above. The test sample is typically compared to both a positive control (e.g., a sample expressing a recombinant T2R protein) and a negative control.
[0315]The present invention also provides for kits for screening for modulators of T2R family members. Such kits can be prepared from readily available materials and reagents. For example, such kits can comprise any one or more of the following materials: T2R nucleic acids or proteins, reaction tubes, and instructions for testing T2R activity. Optionally, the kit contains a biologically active T2R receptor. A wide variety of kits and components can be prepared according to the present invention, depending upon the intended user of the kit and the particular needs of the user.
IX. Administration and Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0316]Taste modulators can be administered directly to the mammalian subject for modulation of taste in vivo. Administration is by any of the routes normally used for introducing a modulator compound into ultimate contact with the tissue to be treated, optionally the tongue or mouth. The taste modulators are administered in any suitable manner, optionally with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Suitable methods of administering such modulators are available and well known to those of skill in the art, and, although more than one route can be used to administer a particular composition, a particular route can often provide a more immediate and more effective reaction than another route.
[0317]Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are determined in part by the particular composition being administered, as well as by the particular method used to administer the composition. Accordingly, there is a wide variety of suitable formulations of pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention (see, e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed. 1985)).
[0318]The taste modulators, alone or in combination with other suitable components, can be made into aerosol formulations (i.e., they can be "nebulized") to be administered via inhalation. Aerosol formulations can be placed into pressurized acceptable propellants, such as dichlorodifluoromethane, propane, nitrogen, and the like.
[0319]Formulations suitable for administration include aqueous and non-aqueous solutions, isotonic sterile solutions, which can contain antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats, and solutes that render the formulation isotonic, and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions that can include suspending agents, solubilizers, thickening agents, stabilizers, and preservatives. In the practice of this invention, compositions can be administered, for example, by orally, topically, intravenously, intraperitoneally, intravesically or intrathecally. Optionally, the compositions are administered orally or nasally. The formulations of compounds can be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose sealed containers, such as ampules and vials. Solutions and suspensions can be prepared from sterile powders, granules, and tablets of the kind previously described. The modulators can also be administered as part a of prepared food or drug.
[0320]The dose administered to a patient, in the context of the present invention should be sufficient to effect a beneficial response in the subject over time. The dose will be determined by the efficacy of the particular taste modulators employed and the condition of the subject, as well as the body weight or surface area of the area to be treated. The size of the dose also will be determined by the existence, nature, and extent of any adverse side-effects that accompany the administration of a particular compound or vector in a particular subject.
[0321]In determining the effective amount of the modulator to be administered in a physician may evaluate circulating plasma levels of the modulator, modulator toxicities, and the production of anti-modulator antibodies. In general, the dose equivalent of a modulator is from about 1 ng/kg to 10 mg/kg for a typical subject.
[0322]For administration, taste modulators of the present invention can be administered at a rate determined by the LD-50 of the modulator, and the side-effects of the inhibitor at various concentrations, as applied to the mass and overall health of the subject. Administration can be accomplished via single or divided doses.
[0323]All publications and patent applications cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
[0324]Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings of this invention that certain changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the appended claims.
EXAMPLES
[0325]The following examples are provided by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation. Those of skill in the art will readily recognize a variety of noncritical parameters that could be changed or modified to yield essentially similar results.
Example I
Identification of Human SF01
[0326]Human psychophysical tasting studies have shown that humans can be categorized as tasters, non-tasters, and super-tasters for the bitter substance PROP (Bartoshut et al., Physiol Behav 58:2994). The genetic locus involved in PROP tasting has been mapped to human interval 5p15 (Reed et al., 1999 Am. J. Hum. Genet. 64). Using DNA sequences from this genomic area (using information provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information; www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/), a computational analysis was performed to identify novel open reading frames (ORFs) in this interval. The identification of ORFs was facilitated using various programs such as ORF finder, genefinder, fgenesh, etc. (See, e.g., http://dot.imgen.bcm.tmc.edu). All ORFs larger than 100 amino acids were compared against public databases using BLAST (see, e.g., the National Center for Biotechnology Information), and genes with sequences related to known GPCRs were chosen for further analysis. Candidate sequences were then analyzed for putative transmembrane regions using standard programs (See, e.g., dot.imgen.bcm.tmc.edu), in particular 7 putative transmembrane segments as expected for a GPCR. In this way, the human SF01 (GR01) sequence was identified, as shown in FIG. 1 and SEQ ID NOS: 35 and 36. The human SF01 (GR01) gene maps to genomic region 5p15.
Example II
Identification of the T2R Gene Family
[0327]To identify additional T2R genes, sequence databases were searched for sequences homologous to the human SF01 sequence. Using this screening paradigm, a novel family of GPCRs was identified that includes two genomic clusters of 4 and 9 genes, as well as a number of single loci (see, FIG. 1). A dendogram of various T2R family members is shown as FIG. 2.
[0328]The two gene clusters were mapped to human regions 12p13 and 7q31, respectively. Using the Jackson laboratory databases of mouse genetics (see, e.g., www.informatics.jax.org/), and the human/mouse homology maps from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Homology/), the T2R cluster at 12p13 was found to correspond to a cluster of bitter-tasting loci in mice. This chromosomal interval has been proposed to include genes involved in the detection of various bitter substances, including sucrose octaacetate (soa), raffinose acetate (roa), cycloheximide (cyx), and quinine (qui), and to be tightly linked to Prp on mouse chromosome 6 (Lush et al., Genet. Res. 66:167-174 (1995)). It has been discovered that the T2R cluster at 12p13 is syntenic with this area of mouse chromosome 6, and that it contains Prp.
Example III
Isolation of Rat SF01
[0329]In order to isolate rodent homologs of the human T2R gene family members, a rat circumvallate cDNA library was screened for related sequences using low stringency hybridization conditions (7×SSC, 54° C.). Positive clones were picked, rescreened, and sequenced using automated dideoxy sequencing methods. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence of a rat homolog of human SF01 (GR01) is shown as SEQ ID NOS:1 and 2, respectively.
Example IV
Taste Cell Specific Expression of Human T2R Genes
[0330]The expression of human T2R genes in taste cells was determined in two ways: (1) PCR of taste cDNA using primers to T2R family members, and (2) screening of taste cDNA libraries for T2R family members using standard techniques known to those of skill in the art.
Example V
Creation of Knockout Mice for mT2R5
[0331]Bitter taste mediates aversive behaviors to protect animals against the ingestion of noxious and toxic substances. T2R receptors have been strongly associated with bitter taste based on three criteria: (1) T2R5 are genetically linked to loci controlling bitter taste responses in mice and humans (see Adler et al.). (2) Members of the T2R family function in cell-based assays as receptors for bitter tastants (mT2R5-cycloheximide, hT2R16-sialycylin; rT2R10-strychnine; mT2R8-denatonium; -and hT2R4-denatonium; see PCT/US00/24821, published ad WO 01/18050, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). (3) genetic polymorphisms in T2Rs are associated with differences in taste perception (e.g. cycloheximide taster and non-taste mice). To confirm that T2Rs indeed functions in vivo as a validated bitter taste receptor we generated KO animals for T2R5, a receptor for cycloheximide (see Chandrashekar et al.)
[0332]Creation of Knockout
[0333]Overlap PCR was used to replace the starting codon of the mT2R5 gene with the reverse tet-transactivator gene (rtTA). An internal Sal I site was used to ligate a lox flanked cassette containing the neomycin resistance to the 3' end of the rtTA gene. The six kb 5' arm was ligated using a unique Asc I site, and the two kb 3' arm was ligated using a unique Pme I site.
[0334]129/SvJ ES cells were electroporated with the targeting DNA and selected by G418. Positive clones were determined by Southern Blot. A cre recombinase construct was electroporated to remove the lox cassette containing neo, and positives confirmed by PCR across the lox junction. These clones were then injected into a C57 embryo and implanted. A total of 5 chimaeres were mated to C57 mice, and agouti founders interbred to generate homozygous knockout mice.
[0335]The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the mT2R5 gene are as follows:
TABLE-US-00001 MLSAAEGILLSIATVEAGLGVLGNTFIALVNCMDWAKNNKLSMTGFLLIG LATSRIFIVWLLTLDAYAKLFYPSKYFSSSLIEIISYIWMTVNHLTVWFA TSLSIFYFLKIANFSDCVFLWLKRRTDKAFVFLLGCLLTSWVISFSFVVK VMKDGKVNHRNRTSEMYWEKRQFTINYVFLNIGVISLFMMTLTACFLLIM SLWRHSRQMQSGVSGFRDLNTEAHVKAIKFLISFIILFVLYFIGVSIEII CIFIPENKLLFIFGFTTASIYPCCHSFILILSNSQLKQAFVKVLQGLKFF ATGCTGAGTGCGGCAGAAGGCATCCTCCTTTCCATTGCAACTGTTGAAGC TGGGCTGGGAGTTTTAGGGAACACATTTATTGCACTGGTAAACTGCATGG ACTGGGCCAAGAACAATAAGCTTTCTATGACTGGCTTCCTTCTCATCGGC TTAGCAACTTCCAGGATTTTTATTGTGTGGCTATTAACTTTAGATGCATA TGCAAAGCTATTCTATCCAAGTAAGTATTTTTCTAGTAGTCTGATTGAAA TCATCTCTTATATATGGATGACTGTGAATCACCTGACTGTCTGGTTTGCC ACCAGCCTAAGCATCTTCTATTTCCTGAAGATAGCCAATTTTTCCGACTG TGTATTTCTCTGGTTGAAGAGGAGAACTGATAAAGCTTTTGTTTTTCTCT TGGGGTGTTTGCTAACTTCATGGGTAATCTCCTTCTCATTTGTTGTGAAG GTGATGAAGGACGGTAAAGTGAATCATAGAAACAGGACCTCGGAGATGTA CTGGGAGAAAAGGCAATTCACTATTAACTACGTTTTCCTCAATATTGGAG TCATTTCTCTCTTTATGATGACCTTAACTGCATGTTTCTTGTTAATTATG TCACTTTGGAGACACAGCAGGCAGATGCAGTCTGGTGTTTCAGGATTCAG AGACCTCAACACAGAAGCTCATGTGAAAGCCATAAAATTTTTAATTTCAT TTATCATCCTTTTCGTCTTGTATTTTATAGGTGTTTCAATAGAAATTATC TGCATATTTATACCAGAAAACAAACTGCTATTTATTTTTGGTTTCACAAC TGCATCCATATATCCTTGCTGTCACTCATTTATTCTAATTCTATCTAACA GCCAGCTAAAGCAAGCCTTTGTAAAGGTACTGCAAGGATTAAAGTTCTTT TAG
[0336]Two-Bottle Assay
[0337]After weaning, two mice were placed in a cage with two bottles of water. After a week of training, one bottle was replaced by a tastant and the bottles weighed. After 24 hours, the left-right positions of the bottles were switched. After 48 hours, the bottles were again weighed and the difference noted. Preference is calculated as the percent of tastant consumed over the total amount of liquid consumed. Aversion is calculated as preference ratios.
TABLE-US-00002 SEQUENCE LISTING SEQ ID NO: 1 rat GR01 amino acid sequence MMEGHILFFFLVVMVQFVTGVLANGLIVVVHAIDLIMWKKMAPLDLLLFCLATSRIILQL CILFAQLCLFSLVRHTLFEDNITFVFIINELSLWFATWLGVFYCAKIATIPHPLFLWLKM RISRLVPWLILGSVLYVIITTFIHSRETSAILKPIFISLFPKNATQVGTGHATLLSVLVL GLTLPLFIFTVAVLLLIYSLWNYSRQMRTMVGTREYSGHAHISAMLSILSFLILYLSHYM VAVLISTQVLYLGSRTFVFCLLVIGMYPSIHSIVLILGNPKLKRNAKMFIVHCKCCHCTR AWVTSRSPRLSDLPVPPTHPSANKTSCSEACIMPS SEQ ID NO: 2 rat GR01 nucleotide sequence CAGGAATCATAAATGGCTGAAACTGGGCAGAACTCTATGCATTATTTAAAGAAGTCATTG GTTTGTCATTCTTAAAATGATGGAAGGGCATATACTCTTCTTCTTTTTGGTTGTGATGGT GCAGTTTGTCACTGGGGTCTTGGCAAATGGCCTCATTGTGGTTGTCCATGCTATTGACTT GATCATGTGGAAGAAAATGGCCCCGTTGGATCTGCTTCTATTTTGCCTGGCGACTTCTCG GATCATTCTGCAGTTATGTATATTGTTTGCACAATTGTGTCTATTCTCTTTGGTGAGACA CACTTTATTTGAGGACAATATTACCTTTGTCTTCATCATAAATGAACTGAGTCTTTGGTT TGCTACATGGCTCGGTGTTTTCTACTGTGCCAAGATTGCTACCATTCCTCACCCACTCTT TCTGTGGCTGAAGATGAGGATATCCAGGTTGGTACCATGGCTGATCCTGGGATCTGTGCT CTATGTAATTATTACTACTTTCATCCATAGCAGAGAGACTTCAGCAATCCTTAAACCAAT TTTTATAAGCCTTTTTCCTAAAAATGCAACTCAAGTCGGAACAGGGCATGCCACACTACT CTCAGTCCTGGTCCTTGGGCTCACACTGCCGTTGTTCATCTTTACTGTTGCTGTTCTGCT CTTGATATACTCCCTGTGGAATTATAGCAGGCAGATGAGGACTATGGTAGGCACCAGGGA GTATAGCGGACATGCTCACATCAGTGCAATGCTGTCCATTCTATCATTCCTCATCCTCTA TCTCTCCCACTACATGGTGGCTGTTCTGATCTCTACTCAAGTCCTCTACCTTGGAAGCAG AACCTTTGTATTCTGCTTACTGGTTATTGGTATGTACCCCTCAATACACTCGATTGTCTT AATTTTAGGAAATCCTAAGCTGAAACGAAATGCAAAAATGTTCATTGTCCATTGTAAGTG TTGTCATTGTACAAGAGCTTGGGTCACCTCAAGGAGCCCAAGACTCAGTGACTTGCCAGT GCCTCCTACTCATCCCTCAGCCAACAAGACATCCTGCTCAGAAGCCTGTATAATGCCATC CTAATTGTCCAGCCTGAGGTTTAATCCTAGGTTTGGTACTATTTCAAAGAGTAAAGTTGA TCATTAAAGCACAACATATGTTGGTGGATGACATCAAGGTCCATATCCCAGTTGTCAATT GTAAACCTCACCTTGCAAGATGATGTCACTGAGAAAGCAGGACAAATGGAGTCTAGGTCC TTCTGTATGACTTGCTGCAGTATATGTGAATCTATAATTTTCTCCAAAAAAACAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAA SEQ ID NO: 3 Rat GR02 amino acid sequence MFSQKTNYSHLFTFSIIFYVEIVTGILGNGFIALVNIMDWLKRRRISTADQILTALALTR LIYVWSVLICILLLFLCPHLSMRPEMFTAIGVIWVVDNHFSIWLATCLGVFYFLKIASFS NSLFLYLKWRVKKVVLMIILISLIFLMLNISSLGMYDHFSIDVYEGNMSYNLVDSTHFPR IFLFTNSSKVFLIANSSHVFLPINSLFMLIPFTVSLVAFFVLFLSLWKHHKKMQVNAKGP RDASTMAHTKALQIGFSFLLLYAIYLLFIITGILNLDLMRCIVILLFDHISGAVFSISHS FVLILGNSKLRQATLSVLPCLRCRSKDMDTVVF SEQ ID NO: 4 Rat GR02 nucleotide sequence ATTTTGCTCCACTATTTTGCTCTTCTGCAGTAACACAGACCACAAAACAATGGAGCCAAT GGGTCAAGAGCTGAAACTTCAGGAAGTGGGAGCCAAATTTTCTTTGTGATAGGTTGGCAT ATGAGAATTCATTATTTGATGCAGCTTCTGAAAACTGGATGTGAAATACTGGATGAAGCA GAGGTGATGACCCCTTTGAAATTAAAAAGCCAAGATGTTCATGGAGAAATTATAAAACAA TATCTGGGAAATTTGATGCTTCCTAATCGGGTGTAAATGGGATTTTAAATGATGAACATT TTGAATTTCCAATGACCATTATGTAAAGTTTTTAAACACAGTAGAGACATCATAAATTGA AGCATGTTCTCACAGAAAACAAACTACAGCCATTTGTTTACTTTTTCAATTATTTTTTAT GTGGAAATAGTAACAGGAATCTTAGGAAATGGATTCATAGCACTAGTGAATATCATGGAC TGGCTCAAGAGGAGGAGGATCTCTACTGCAGATCAGATTCTCACTGCTTTGGCCCTTACC AGACTCATTTATGTGTGGTCTGTACTCATTTGTATATTGTTACTATTTCTGTGCCCACAT TTGTCTATGAGACCAGAAATGTTTACAGCGATAGGTGTTATCTGGGTAGTGGATAACCAC TTCAGCATCTGGCTTGCTACATGTCTTGGTGTCTTTTATTTCCTCAAAATAGCCAGTTTT TCTAACTCTTTGTTTCTTTACCTAAAGTGGAGAGTTAAAAAAGTGGTTTTAATGATAATA CTGATATCACTGATTTTCTTGATGTTAAACATTTCATCATTAGGGATGTATGATCATTTC TCAATTGATGTTTATGAAGGTAATATGTCTTATAATTTGGTGGATTCAACACATTTTCCC AGAATTTTCTTATTCACAAACTCATCTAAGGTCTTCTTAATCGCCAATTCATCCCATGTT TTCTTACCCATCAACTCACTCTTCATGCTCATACCCTTCACAGTTTCCCTGGTAGCTTTT TTCGTGCTCTTTCTCTCACTGTGGAAGCATCACAAGAAGATGCAGGTCAATGCCAAAGGA CCCAGAGATGCCAGCACCATGGCCCACACAAAAGCCTTGCAAATTGGGTTCTCCTTCCTC CTGCTGTATGCAATATACTTACTTTTCATTATCACAGGAATTTTGAACCTTGACTTGATG AGATGTATAGTAATACTTTTATTTGACCACATATCTGGAGCAGTTTTTTCTATAAGCCAC TCATTTGTGCTGATTCTGGGAAACAGTAAGCTGAGACAAGCCACTCTTTCTGTGCTGCCT TGTCTTAGGTGCCGGTCCAAAGATATGGACACTGTCGTTTTCTAATAAATTCCAGAGTAC ATTATGCAAAATCTTGAGGGTGATCAGTTCATAGAAAAAGTAATCTTAGAGGGGAAAATA AAATATTGGGGCTTCAAATGTTGGATGGGTAATACATAGGAAGGCAGGACAAGGATGAAG GAGACTAGCATTATATAAGTGATTTCACAGGGGAAATGGGAAAGAGGGCTTTTATATAAT GAAGAAGAAGATAAATGATGAAGGATGAGGAAGAGTTAAATATGTAAAATGACAATAGAG ATGGCATCATGCCGTTTTAAGAAATTTGGAATGCATATGTATGTTTATATATTTTTTAAT TTTTATTGAATATATTTATTTACATTTTAAATGTTATCCTGTTTCCCCCACCCAACCTCC CACCTCTTCCCACCTCCTTGCCCTGACATTCCCCTGCACTGGGGAATCCAGCCTTGACAG GACCAAGGGCTTCTCCTCCCTTTGTTGCCAACAAGGCCATTCTTTGCTACATGTGCAGCA GGAGCCATGGATCTGTCTATGTGTACTCTTTGGATGGTGGTTTAGTCCCTGGGAGCTCTT GTTGGTTGGTATTGTTGTTCTTATGGTGTTGCAACTCCCTTCAGCTCCTTCAATCCTTCC TGTAACTCCTCCAATGTGGACCCTGTTCTCAGTCCAATGGTTGACTATGAGCATTCACCT CTGTGATTGTCATGCTCTGGCACAGCTTCTCAGAAGACAGCTACATCAGTCTCCTATAAG AGTGCACTTCATGGCATCAGCAATGTTGTCTTGATTTGGTGTCTGTATGTATATGGGCTG GATCCCAGGTGGGGCAGGCGCTGAATGGTCATTCCTTCAGTCTTTGCTCCAAACTTTGTC TTTATATCTCCTATGAATATTTTTGTTCCCCCTTATAAGAATGACTGAAGTATCCACACT TTGGCCATCCTTCTTCATGAGCTTCATGTGGTCTGTGAATTGTACATTGTGTAATCCAAG CTTTTGGGCTAATATCCAATTATAGTGAGTGCATACCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA SEQ ID NO: 5 Rat GR03 amino acid sequence MVPTQVTIFSIIMYVLESLVIIVQSCTTVAVLFREWMHFQRLSPVEIILISLGISHFCLQ WTSMLYNFGTYSRPVLLFWKVSVVWEFMNVLTFWLTSLLAVLYCVKVSSFSHPVFLWLRL KILKLVLWLLLGALIASCLSIIPSVVKYHIQMELLTLDHLPKNSSLILRLQMFEWYFSNP FKMIGFGVPFLVFLISIILLTVSLVQHWGQMKHYSSSSSSLRAQCTVLKSLATFFIFFTS YFLTIVVSFIGTVFDKKSWFWVCEAVIYGLVCIHFTSLMMSNPTLKKALRLQFWSPESS SEQ ID NO: 6 Rat GR03 nucleotide sequence GCATGGTGCCAACCCAAGTCACCATCTTCTCTATCATCATGTATGTGCTTGAGTCCTTAG TCATAATTGTGCAAAGTTGCACAACGGTTGCAGTGCTGTTCAGAGAGTGGATGCACTTTC AAAGACTGTCGCCGGTGGAAATAATTCTCATCAGCCTGGGCATTTCACATTTCTGTCTAC AGTGGACATCGATGCTGTACAACTTTGGTACCTACTCTAGGCCTGTCCTTTTATTTTGGA AGGTATCGGTCGTCTGGGAGTTCATGAACGTTTTGACATTCTGGCTAACCAGTTTGCTTG CTGTCCTCTACTGTGTCAAGGTCTCTTCCTTCTCTCACCCCGTCTTCCTCTGGCTGAGGT TGAAAATTTTGAAACTGGTTCTCTGGTTGCTATTGGGCGCTCTGATAGCTTCTTGTTTGT CAATCATCCCTTCTGTTGTTAAATATCATATCCAGATGGAATTACTCACCCTAGATCATT TACCCAAAAACAGTTCTTTGATTCTAAGACTGCAAATGTTCGAGTGGTATTTTTCTAATC CTTTCAAAATGATTGGGTTTGGCGTTCCTTTCCTCGTGTTCCTGATTTCTATCATCTTAC TCACAGTCTCGCTGGTCCAGCATTGGGGGCAGATGAAACACTACAGCAGCAGCAGCTCCA GCCTGAGAGCTCAGTGCACTGTTCTGAAGTCTCTTGCCACCTTCTTCATCTTCTTCACAT CCTATTTTCTGACTATAGTCGTCTCCTTTATTGGCACCGTGTTTGATAAGAAGTCATGGT TCTGGGTCTGCGAAGCTGTCATCTATGGTTTAGTCTGTATTCACTTCACTTCCCTGATGA TGAGCAACCCTACACTGAAAAAAGCACTCAGGTTGCAGTTCTGGAGCCCAGAGTCTTCCT AAGGCAGGGAATTC()ACAAGGGAAAGTGACTCTTCAGATTTAAGTTTAAAATTAGAAGAG AGATAAATTTCcCaAGCTTTCACTCCTAAGGCTAAAGATAGGCTGTGTAGGTAGTTATTT CTGAGCACATTGGCACATCACCATTGTCAGTACTTGAGGGTTTGAATGAAGCTCACTCAA AGAACTTGGAAAGAAGGTGGTCTTcTGACATCAATCAAGAAACAAGCTTTCCTCCCTACT TCTTCCCTAAATGCAACAACCTAAGAATTATCCACAAGATGGATGGCGCAAGGGTTCCTC AATCAATTTCAGGATGTACATCAATGCGCAGCCTATACTACACCGAAAAGGAAGCGCATG GGTCTTAAAAAGTAAAGGGGATATCAAAAAATTCGCAACCAAACAAAAAGTGGCACACAT TTAAGCTAGGTCTATGTTTGGTCAGTTACACCTGGAGAAGGGGGACATTTGGTCAGCTCA TTCGAACACTGTCAAGTCCTACCnACAATTCCTCTATGCTATTACCCATtAAACCTCAGG TCTCATCGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA SEQ ID NO: 7 Rat GR04 amino acid sequence MLSAAEGILLCVVTSEAVLGVLGDTFIALANCMEYAKNKKLSKIGFILIGLAISRIGVVW IIILQGYMQVFFPHILTFGNITEYITYIWVFLNHLSVWFATNLNILYFLKIANFSNSVFL WLKSRVRVVFIFLSGCLLTSWLLCFPQFSKMLNNSKMYWGNTSWLQQQKNVFLINQSLTN LGIFFFIIVSLITCFLLIVFLWRHIRQMHSDGSGLRDLNTEAHVKAMRVLIAVLFILHFV GLSIQVLCFFLPQNNLLFITGLIATCLYPCGHSIILILGNKQLKQASLKALQLQHLTCCE TKRNLSVT SEQ ID NO: 8 Rat GR04 nucleotide sequence TGGTTCCATCACATGACAATAGGCTTGAAAAACTTGCAGATAGAGAAGACATA ACCCCTCCAACAAGAAGCCAACATATGGGACATTCTCCAGCAGATAATTTATA ACAGATGCAACGGGAGCAACTTCGAGATCTGCAAAGATGCTGAGTGCAGCAG AAGGCATCCTCCTTTGTGTTGTCACTAGTGAGGCAGTGCTGGGGGTTTTAGGA GACACATTCATTGCACTTGCAAACTGCATGGAGTATGCCAAGAACAAGAAGCT CTCTAAGATTGGTTTCATTCTCATTGGCTTGGCGATTTCCAGAATTGGTGTCGT ATGGATAATAATTTTACAGGGGTATATGCAAGTATTTTTTCCACACATACTTAC CTTTGGAAACATAACTGAATATATTACTTACATATGGGTGTTTCTCAATCACTT AAGTGTCTGGTTTGCTACCAACCTCAATATCCTCTACTTTCTAAAGATAGCAAA TTTTTCCAACTCTGTATTTCTCTGGCTGAAAAGTAGAGTCCGTGTGGTTTTTATC TTTCTGTCAGGATGCTTACTTACCTCGTGGTTACTATGTTTTCCACAATTTTCAA AGATGCTTAACAACAGTAAAATGTACTGGGGAAACACGTCTTGGCTCCAGCAG CAGAAAAATGTCTTCCTTATTAACCAAAGTTTAACCAATCTGGGAATCTTCTTT TTCATTATTGTATCCCTGATTACCTGCTTCCTGTTGATTGTTTTCCTCTGGAGAC ACATCAGGCAAATGCACTCAGATGGTTCAGGACTCAGAGACCTCAACACAGA AGCTCATGTGAAAGCCATGAGAGTTCTAATATCTTTTGCGGTACTCTTTATCCT GCATTTCGTAGGTCTTTCCATACAAGTGCTATGCTTTTTTCTGCCACAAAACAA CCTACTCTTTATAACTGGTTTGATAGCCACATGCCTCTATCCCTGTGGTCACTC AATCATCTTAATTCTAGGAAACAAGCAGCTGAAGCAAGCCTCCTTGAAGGCAC TGCAGCACTTAACGTGCTGTGAGACAAAAAGAAATCTCTCAGTCACATAAATG GGTTTGCCAATTAATATCTGCCATGTTATTCCACTGATTTTTACCTGTTAGTTTC TCTGTGTCTCTGTTTAGTTTCTGTTTCCATGATCTGTCCATTGATGAGCGTGGGG TGTTGAAATCTCCGACTATTGTTGTGTGAGATGAAATGTGTGCTTTGAGCTTTA GTAAGATTTCTTTTGTGAATGTAGGTGCTTTTGCATTTGGTGCATAGATATTTA AGATTGAGAGTTCAGCTTGGTGGATTTTTCCTTTGATGAATATGAAGTGTCCTT GCTTATCTTTTTTGATGACTTTTGATTGAACGTCAATTTTATTGGATATTAGATT GGCAACTCAAGATTGCTTCTTGAGGTCATTTGCTTGGAAAGTTGTTTTTCAGCC ATTTACTCTGAGGTAGTGTCTGTCTTTGTCTCTGAGGTGTGTTTCCTGCATTCAG CAAAATGCTGGGTCCTCTTTACATATCCAGTT(approximately 1100 bp)AAGTCCAGCCCTCTCCCCCACAGGATTTAGGTGCAGGGAGCTGTTTGACCA CTTCAATTCAGTCCTGGGTGTAGACCAGAACCACAGGTAAAAAAGAATGACTT CATTAAATTAGCAGACAAATGGGTGGAACTAGAAAATGTCATCCTGGGCTGG AGAGATGGCTCAGTGGTTCAGACCACTGGCTGCTCTTCCAGAGGTCCTGAGTT CAATTCCCAACAACTATATGGTGGCTACCAACCATTACAATGAGATCAGATGC CCTCCTCTTGTGTATCTGAAGAGAGTGACAGTGTACTTACATACATAAAATAA ATAAATAAATCTAAAAAAATGTTAAAAA SEQ ID NO: 9 Rat GR05 amino acid sequence MLGAMEGVLLSVATSEALLGIVGNTFIALVNCMDCTRNKNLYNIGFILTGLAISRICLVW ILITEAYIKIFSPQLLSPINIIELISYLWIITSQLNVWFATSLSIFYFLKIANFSHHIFL WLKRRINIVFAFLIGCLLMSWLFSFPVVVKMVKDKKMLYINSSWQIHMKKSELIINYVFT NGGVFLLFIIMVIGCFLLIISLWRHSKWMQSNESGFRDLNTEVH SEQ ID NO: 10 Rat GR05 nucleotide sequence AAGAGATTTCAGATACTACCACAAACATTTTTTAAATATATGTAAGTCTTTAAAGAAAGA AGGGAAAGCCACTCCTTTATTGAGCAGCCAATAGATTGCCATCTTAAAATTCTGTGGCAG AAGCTATTTTAAAGATCTGCGAAGATGCTGGGTGCAATGGAAGGTGTCCTCCTTTCAGTT GCAACTAGTGAGGCTTTGCTTGGCATTGTAGGGAACACATTCATTGCACTTGTGAACTGC ATGGACTGTACCAGGAACAAGAATCTCTATAATATTGGCTTCATTCTCACTGGCTTGGCA ATTTCCAGAATCTGCCTCGTGTGGATCTTAATCACAGAGGCATACATAAAAATATTCTCT CCACAGTTGCTGTCTCCTATCAACATAATTGAACTCATCAGTTATCTATGGATAATTACC AGTCAATTGAATGTTTGGTTTGCTACCAGCCTCAGTATCTTTTATTTCCTCAAGATAGCA AATTTTTCCCACCACATATTTCTCTGGTTAAAAAGAAGAATTAATATAGTTTTTGCCTTC CTGATAGGGTGCTTACTTATGTCATGGCTATTTTCTTTCCCAGTAGTTGTGAAGATGGTT AAAGATAAAAAAATGCTGTATATAAACTCATCTTGGCAAATCCACATGAAGAAAAGTGAG TTAATCATTAACTATGTTTTCACCAATGGGGGAGTATTTTTACTTTTTATAATAATGGTA ATTGgATGTTTTCTCTTAATTATTTCCCTTTGGAGACACAGCAAGTGGATGCAATCAAAT GAATCAGGATTCAGAGATCTCAACACAGAAGTTCATGTG SEQ ID NO: 11 Mouse GR01 amino acid sequence MLRHCS KENECLGDGFIGFVNCMDWVKRRKLFLVNQLLTLLVISRITVL*VLLLNCWLYN *YFFFTVNSYF**FYKN SEQ ID NO: 12 Mouse GR01 nucleotide sequence GAATTCAATTTTTCTTTCCTCTGTAACAGAAGGTCATACATAACTCCTGTGTATGAAGTA CATATTGTAAAGAAGGTTCAGCTTATTACTGAATGTGTTCATTTTCATAATGGAAAACAT AATTGAGTTTTCATGAAGCAGATACTACTCATATTTAGATGAACTAATTAAGTAATATTC ATCAGGAATGACTGATGTTGAGACATTGTTCTAAGGAGAATGAGTGTTTGGGAGATGGAT TTATAGGATTTGTGAACTGCATGGACTGGGTCAAGAGAAGAAAGCTCTTTTTGGTGAATC AACTCCTCACTCTTCTGGTCATCTCCAGAATCACTGTCCTCTGAGTACTACTTCTAAATT GTTGGCTATATAACTAATATTTTTTTTTTACTGTAAACTCTTATTTTTGATGATTCTATA AGAATTC SEQ ID NO: 13 Mouse GR02 amino acid sequence NSSSVPGDPLESTCRHASLVFLLGNLMQSMLEERFYQYGRNTSVNTMSNDLAMWTELIFF NMAMFSVIPFTLALISFLLLIFSLWKHLQKMQLISRRHRDPSTKAHMNALRIMVSFLLLY TMHFLSLLISWIAQKHQSELADIIGMITELMYPSVHSCILILGNSKLKQTSLCMLRHLRC RLKGENITIAYSNQITSFCVFCVANKSMR SEQ ID NO: 14 Mouse GR02 nucleotide sequence GGAATTCGAGCTCGGTACCCGGGGATCCTCTAGAGTCGACCTGCAGGCATGCAAGCTTGG TGTTCTTGCTTGGAAATCTGATGCAAAGCATGCTTGAAGAGAGGTTCTATCAATATGGAA GGAACACAAGTGTGAATACCATGAGCAATGACCTTGCAATGTGGACCGAGCTGATCTTTT TCAACATGGCTATGTTCTCTGTAATACCATTTACATTGGCCTTGATTTCTTTTCTCCTGC TAATCTTCTCTTTGTGGAAACATCTCCAGAAGATGCAGCTCATTTCCAGAAGACACAGAG ACCCTAGCACCAAGGCCCACATGAATGCCTTGAGAATTATGGTGTCCTTCCTCTTGCTCT ATACCATGCATTTCCTGTCTCTTCTTATATCATGGATTGCTCAAAAGCATCAGAGTGAAC TGGCTGATATTATTGGTATGATAACTGAACTCATGTATCCTTCAGTCCATTCATGTATCC TGATTCTAGGAAATTCTAAATTAAAGCAGACTTCTCTTTGTATGCTGAGGCATTTGAGAT GTAGGCTGAAAGGAGAGAATATCACAATTGCATATAGCAACCAAATAACTAGCTTTTGTG TATTCTGTGTTGCAAACAAATCTATGAGGTAGTTGTTCAAGGAATCCTTCCTTGACTTAT TGTATCATGGAAGTCATATGGGGGAGTCTGAAAGAGCTGTCTTCTGTAAGCAAGGTTTGT ATACACTAGTGGGGCTGGGACACCAACCCAAGCACAAAACCTAGCTATAACCTATCCTGG CTGCAGGATATGCTGGAACAATGGTGGCTTGGAAATTGTGGGACTGGCAAAGCAATAGCT AGTCTAACTTGAGGCCCATTCCACAGCAGGAAGCTCATGCCCACCTCTGCCTGGATGGCC AGGAAGCAAAATCTTGATGGCCCCAAGACCTATGGTAAACTGAACACTACTGGAAAAAGA AAGACTCGTGTTAATGATCTATCAAATATTTCCTAATGATATTCTGATAAACTCATATAT TAGTCCCTGTCCTAATCATCATCACTGGGACTCCTTCCCAGCACCTGATGGGAGCAGATA GAGATCTACATCCAAATAGTAAGTGTATCTTGGGGAACTCCACTTAAGAATAGAAGGAAC AATTATGAGAGCCAGAGTGATCCAGAACACTAGGATCACAGAATCAACTAAGCAGCATGC ATAGGGGTTAATGGAGACTGAAGTGGCAATCACAGAGCCTGCATAGGTCTACACTAAGTC CTCTGTGTATATACTGTGGCTGTTTAGCTTAGGAATTTTGTTGGACTCCTAACAATGGAT AAGGAATTCTGCAGATATCCATCACACTGCCGCCCGTCGAG SEQ ID NO: 15
Mouse GR03 amino acid sequence AVDKTYMALAISRTAFLLSLITGFLVSLLDPALLGMRTMVRLLTISWMVTNHFSVWFATC LSIFYFLKIANFSNSIFLVLKWEAKKVVSVTLVVSVIILIMNIIVINKFTDRLQVNTLQN CSTSNTLKDYGLFLFISTGFTLTPFAVSLTMFLLLIFSLWRHLKNMCHSATGSRDVSTVA HIKGLQTVVTFLLLYTAFVMSLLSESLNINIQHTNLLSHFLRSIGVAFPTGHSCVLILGN SKLRQASLSVILWLRYKYKHIENWGP SEQ ID NO: 16 Mouse GR03 nucleotide sequence CTGCAGTGGATAAGACCTATATGGCCCTGGCCATCTCCAGGACTGCTTTTTTATTGTCAC TAATCACAGGGTTCTTGGTATCATTATTGGACCCAGCTTTATTGGGAATGAGAACGATGG TAAGGCTCCTTACTATTTCCTGGATGGTGACCAATCATTTCAGTGTCTGGTTTGCAACAT GCCTCAGTATCTTTTATTTTCTCAAGATAGCTAATTTCTCAAATTCTATTTTCCTTGTTC TCAAATGGGAAGCTAAAAAAGTGGTATCAGTGACATTGGTGGTATCTGTGATAATCTTGA TCATGAACATTATAGTCATAAACAAATTCACTGACAGACTTCAAGTAAACACACTCCAGA ACTGTAGTACAAGTAACACTTTAAAAGATTATGGGCTCTTTTTATTCATTAGCACTGGGT TTACACTCACCCCATTCGCTGTGTCTTTGACAATGTTTCTTCTGCTCATCTTCTCCCTGT GGAGACATCTGAAGAATATGTGTCACAGTGCCACAGGCTCCAGAGATGTCAGCACAGTGG CCCACATAAAAGGCTTGCAAACTGTGGTAACCTTCCTGTTACTATATACTGCTTTTGTTA TGTCACTTCTTTCAGAGTCTTTGAATATTAACATTCAACATACAAATCTTCTTTCTCATT TTTTACGGAGTATAGGAGTAGCTTTTCCCACAGGCCACTCCTGTGTACTGATTCTTGGAA ACAGTAAGCTGAGGCAAGCCTCTCTTTCTGTGATATTGTGGCTGAGGTATAAGTACAAAC ATATAGAGAATTGGGGCCCCTAAATCATATCAGGGATCCTTTTCCACATTCTAGAAAAAA ATCAGTTAATAAGAACAGGAATTTAGGAAGGAATCTGAAATTATGAATCTCATAGGCCAT GAACCTTCAGACAAAGGATTCATTAGAGAGATAGAGAGAGAACATTGTTATCTGTAACTC GACAGGCAACACTGTAGATTATGAAAATAAATGTCAGTCTGTAATGGAAAGCAAAACATG CTATATTTTATTAATTGGTTTTGGTTTAAGGTCGGGATAnGAGAnTAAGGGAGTGGTGGA AGGGTTGTGGCATGAGGAATGGCCTAAGGCTAGCTGATTCATTGAACCCGAGATGAGAAC AAAATGGTCTAGAGTCTGACTATAGGGGTGCTCCAGTTGnCCATGGCTTTCCTGGATAAn AnGCCCTGCAGGnCCATnGnGACTAGTTCATGTATAATACAATAGTGGATAATTGTTGTG TATnAATGTCCTTTTCCTTGAATCTTGCTGTCTGnAAAAGCCnCAGGAGTGAGAAGAACT ATGGTGAATGAAAGATGGATGGAAAAGGGAAAACAAGACTGAAAGGGTGCAGGTTGATTT AATGACAATGGATGCTTATTTGTGTAAATTTATCCTTTGTAAACATGTTTCAGTCATGTG TAACTTTATGAAGTTTAGGCAATTCTATGTAGATGAATAAGTATCCAAACACAGTCGAGC CCTATAGAAAAGGAGAAATTATGGACATTGACAGAGAAGTAAAATATAGGTTTGGCCTAT CTTTTATTGGGCATACAGATATTGTTATCCCATGTTTCAGGTAAAGATCAACTTAGAAAA TTAAAAAAAAAAATCAGTGCCAAATAGCAAGTGTGTTTACCTACTGAATTATCGTCTTCC TCTTTAGGTAGTCAGGAAAACAGAACTAATGCAACAGTCTTGTCTTCTTTCCTCTGCAG SEQ ID NO: 17 Mouse GR04 amino acid sequence MLSALESILLSVATSEAMLGVLGNTFIVLVNYTDWVRNKKLSKINFILTGLAISRIFTIW IITLDAYTKVFLLTMLMPSSLHECMSYIWVIINHLSVWFSTSLGIFYFLKIANFSHYIFL WMKRRADKVFVFLIVFLIITWLASFPLAVKVIKDVKIYQSNTSWLIHLEKSELLINYVFA NMGPISLFIVAIIACFLLTISLWRHSRQMQSIGSGFRDLNTEAHMKAMKVLIAFIILFIL YFLGILIETLCLFLTNNKLLFIFGFTLSAMYPCCHSFILILTSRELKQDTMRALQRLKML SEQ ID NO: 18 Mouse GR04 nucleotide sequence CTGCAGCAGGTAAATCACACCAGATCCAGCAGAAGCCTTCTTGGAAATTGGCAGAGATGC TGAGTGCACTGGAAAGCATCCTCCTTTCTGTTGCCACTAGTGAAGCCATGCTGGGAGTTT TAGGGAACACATTTATTGTACTTGTAAACTACACAGACTGGGTCAGGAATAAGAAACTCT CTAAGATTAACTTTATTCTCACTGGCTTAGCAATTTCCAGGATTTTTACCATATGGATAA TAACTTTAGATGCATATACAAAGGTTTTCCTTCTGACTATGCTTATGCCGAGCAGTCTAC ATGAATGCATGAGTTACATATGGGTAATTATTAACCATCTGAGCGTTTGGTTTAGCACCA GCCTCGGCATCTTTTATTTTCTGAAGATAGCAAATTTTTCCCACTACATATTTCTCTGGA TGAAGAGAAGAGCTGATAAAGTTTTTGTCTTTCTAATTGTATTCTTAATTATAACGTGGC TAGCTTCCTTTCCGCTAGCTGTGAAGGTCATTAAAGATGTTAAAATATATCAGAGCAACA CATCCTGGCTGATCCACCTGGAGAAGAGTGAGTTACTTATAAACTATGTTTTTGCCAATA TGGGGCCCATTTCCCTCTTTATTGTAGCCATAATTGCTTGTTTCTTGTTAACCATTTCCC TTTGGAGACACAGCAGGCAGATGCAATCCATTGGATCAGGATTCAGAGATCTCAACACAG AAGCTCACATGAAAGCCATGAAAGTTTTAATTGCATTTATCATCCTCTTTATCTTATATT TTTTGGGTATTCTCATAGAAACATTATGCTTGTTTCTTACAAACAATAAACTTCTCTTTA TTTTTGGCTTCACTTTGTCAGCCATGTATCCCTGTTGCCATTCCTTTATCCTAATTCTAA CAAGCAGGGAGCTGAAGCAAGACACTATGAGGGCACTGCAGAGATTAAAAATGCTGTGAG ACTTTGACAnAGAAATGAATGTTCTGGCACAGTTCAAGCAGGGAATCCCTGGAGCCCTTT CCATTCCCACTATGTTCTCACACTGTCTTTAGTTGAATTGTTAAAAGTTTTTGAAACCTT TGGCAACTGATTGACTGCAGCTACGCCAGTGTAAGATTTTCATAGTAAGAGCAAACATTG AAAATAAGACTTCTCAGTCTTATTTCATTGAGTTTCTAAAGCATTGACACCCATTCACCA GAAAAACCAAAGGGGAAGAGAGGAGTTTTCAGACATGTGTGATGAATCTTGATATTTAGG ACATGGAATTGAGGAGCCAGAGGGATGCTACCGTGTGTCTACAGCTTTGTTTGTTAAATA GCTACTTTTCCTTTCCCAGTTAGTTAAAGTAGATGCTTGGAGTAGTGGTGAAAATCATGG CAGTAGATGGGATCTGTGGGAAGTGGTTGAGGAAGCAGGCTGTTTCTGAACGAAGAGACC AGAGGACTGATTGAACTGGTCATTGTGTATATCAAAAATAGTGATTTCAGATGAAGCCAA GTTGTAGAGCAAAGATATCTGAGGAAGAATTC SEQ ID NO: 19 Mouse GR05 amino acid sequence MLSAAEGILLSIATVEAGLGVLGNTFIALVNCMDWAKNNKLSMTGFLLIGLATSRIFIVW LLTLDAYAKLFYPSKYFSSSLIEIISYIWMTVNHLTVWFATSLSIFYFLKIANFSDCVFL WLKRRTDKAFVFLLGCLLTSWVISFSFVVKVMKDGKVNHRNRTSEMYWEKRQFTINYVFL NIGVISLFMMTLTACFLLIMSLWRHSRQMQSGVSGFRDLNTEAHVKAIKFLISFIILFVL YFIGVSIEIICIFIPENKLLFIFGFTTASIYPCCHSFILILSNSQLKQAFVKVLQGLKFF SEQ ID NO: 20 Mouse GR05 nucleotide sequence CTGCAGCAGATCTACTATAGATGCAACAGATACAACTTGAGGGACCTGGAGATATGCTGA GTGCGGCAGAAGGCATCCTCCTTTCCATTGCAACTGTTGAAGCTGGGCTGGGAGTTTTAG GGAACACATTTATTGCACTGGTAAACTGCATGGACTGGGCCAAGAACAATAAGCTTTCTA TGACTGGCTTCCTTCTCATCGGCTTAGCAACTTCCAGGATTTTTATTGTGTGGCTATTAA CTTTAGATGCATATGCAAAGCTATTCTATCCAAGTAAGTATTTTTCTAGTAGTCTGATTG AAATCATCTCTTATATATGGATGACTGTGAATCACCTGACTGTCTGGTTTGCCACCAGCC TAAGCATCTTCTATTTCCTGAAGATAGCCAATTTTTCCGACTGTGTATTTCTCTGGTTGA AGAGGAGAACGGATAAAGCTTTTGTTTTTCTCTTGGGGTGTTTGCTAACTTCATGGGTAA TCTCCTTCTCATTTGTTGTGAAGGTGATGAAGGACGGTAAAGTGAATCATAGAAACAGGA CCTCGGAGATGTACTGGGAGAAAAGGCAATTCACTATTAACTACGTTTTCCTCAATATTG GAGTCATTTCTCTCTTTATGATGACCTTAACTGCATGTTTCTTGTTAATTATGTCACTTT GGAGACACAGCAGGCAGATGCAGTCTGGTGTTTCAGGATTCAGAGACCTCAACACAGAAG CTCATGTGAAAGCCATAAAATTTTTAATTTCATTTATCATCCTTTTCGTCTTGTATTTTA TAGGTGTTTCAATAGAAATTATCTGCATATTTATACCAGAAAACAAACTGCTATTTATTT TTGGTTTCACAACTGCATCCATATATCCTTGCTGTCACTCATTTATTCTAATTCTATCTA ACAGCCAGCTAAAGCAAGCCTTTGTAAAGGTACTGCAAGGATTAAAGTTCTTTTAGAAAA GAAAAGCTCTCAgGGTCACATGCGTCTGAAACAGAAATGCGTAATTtAGAATAATAATGA GGGAATCATAAAAGTCTTTTTCATGTGCACAGTGTTCTTtGCATtGgGTTtGGGgAAGAt GtAA SEQ ID NO: 21 Mouse GR06 amino acid sequence MLTVAEGILLCFVTSGSVLGVLGNGFILHANYINCVRKKFSTAGFILTGLAICRIFVICI IISDGYLKLFSPHMVASDAHIIVISYIWVIINHTSIWFATSLNLFYLLKIANFSHYIFFC LKRRINTVFIFLLGCLFISWSIAFPQTVKIFNVKK SEQ ID NO: 22 Mouse GR06 nucleotide sequence CTGCAGCAGGTAAAAAAAAAAAAGCTAAAATAGTTATAGTTGCAGCAGAAGCAACGTTAG GGATCTGTAGAGATGCTGACTGTAGCAGAAGGAATCCTCCTTTGTTTTGTAACTAGTGGT TCAGTCCTGGGAGTTCTAGGAAATGGATTTATCCTGCATGCAAACTACATTAACTGTGTC AGAAAGAAGTTCTCCACAGCTGGCTTTATTCTCACAGGCTTGGCTATTTGCAGAATCTTT GTCATATGTATAATAATCTCTGATGGATATTTAAAATTGTTTTCTCCACATATGGTTGCC TCTGATGCCCACATTATAGTGATTTCTTACATATGGGTAATTATCAATCATACAAGTATA TGGTTTGCCACCAGCCTCAACCTCTTCTATCTCCTGAAGATAGCAAATTTTTCTCACTAC ATCTTCTTCTGCTTGAAGAGAAGAATCAATACAGTATTTATCTTTCTCCTGGGATGCTTA TTTATATCATGGTCAATTGCTTTCCCACAAACAGTGAAGATATTTAATGTTAAAAAGC SEQ ID NO: 23 Mouse GR07 amino acid sequence NSAEGILLCVVTSEAVLGVLGDTYIALFNCMDYAKNKKLSKIGFILIGLAISRIGVVWII ILQGYIQVFFPHMLTSGNITEYITYIWVFLNHLSVWFVTNLNILYFLKIANFSNSVFLWL KRRVNAVFIFLSGCLLTSWLLCFPQMTKILQNSKMHQRNTSWATSGKILLLPK SEQ ID NO: 24 Mouse GR07 nucleotide sequence gAATTCAGCAGAAGGCATCCTCCTTTGTGTTGTCACTAGTGAGGCTGTGCTCGGAGTTTT AGGGGACACATATATTGCACTTTTTAACTGCATGGACTATGCTAAGAACAAGAAGCTCTC TAAGATCGGTTTCATTCTCATTGGCTTGGCGATTTCCAGAATTGGTGTTGTATGGATAAT AATTTTACAAGGGTATATACAAGTATTTTTTCCACACATGCTTACCTCTGGAAACATAAC TGAATATATTACTTACATATGGGTATTTCTCAATCACTTAAGTGTCTGGTTTGTCACCAA CCTCAACATCCTCTACTTTCTAAAGATAGCTAATTTTTCCAACTCTGTATTTCTCTGGCT GAAAAGGAGAGTCAATGCAGTtTTTATCTTTCTGTCAGGATGCTTACTTACCTCATGGTT ACTATGTTTTCCACAAATGACAAAGATACTTCAAAATAGTAAAATGCACCAGAGAAACAC ATCTTGGGCCACCAGCGGAAAAATACTTCTATTACCAAAG SEQ ID NO: 25 Mouse GR08 amino acid sequence MLWELYVFVFAASVFLNFVGIIANLFIIVIIIKTWVNSRRIASPDRILFSLAITRFLTLG LFLLNSVYIATNTGRSSLLFHIFSIVLEVSGCKQ SEQ ID NO: 26 Mouse GR08 nucleotide sequence GGCATTCCTAAGAAAATAAGAACAGGAGTGAAGAAATAGTAATTTAATCCTTGAAAGATT TGCATCTCAGTAAAAGCAGCTGCCTCTTAGACCAGAAATGGTGTTTGCCATGCTGGAAAA TAAAAAGGAGACCTCTTTCCAGGCTGCATCCTGTGTCTGCTTACTTATTTCAGTTTGTTT TCATCGGCACCAAACGAGGAAAGATGCTCTGGGAACTGTATGTATTTGTGTTTGCTGCCT CGGTTTTTTTAAATTTTGTAGGAATCATTGCAAATCTATTTATTATAGTGATAATTATTA AGACTTGGGTCAACAGTCGCAGAATTGCCTCTCCGGATAGGATCCTGTTCAGCTTGGCCA TCACTAGATTCCTGACTTTGGGGTTGTTTCTACTGAACAGTGTCTACATTGCTACAAATA CTGGAAGGTCaAGTCTACTTTTCCACATTTTTTCTATTGTGTTGGAAGTTTCTGGATGCA AACAGTCTCTGGTTAGTGACCATTCTGAACAGCTTGtATTGTGTGaAArATACTAATTTT CAACACCCAGkGtTTCtTCTGtTGAAACgGaCTATCTcTATGAAGACCCCaACCTGcTgG TGGcCTGtCTTnTGanTTCaAcCCTmCCacTCtTCTaTatTATaTgcTCTcACaAAwAtT nACGtTTTnCTGaACCATaAtTgGGAGaAAwGacacCgcAtTTGacCTcAgnGaTgGnAT CtTgaCGnTAGtAGccCtTTGckGCCgaaCTCCakTwTacAtGnnttGtcTgTAnnTgCT cAnnAGGGACCTTTGCTTCCTTGTAAAACATTCCTGGGnAAnAAA SEQ ID NO: 27 Mouse GR09 amino acid sequence MEHLLKRTFDITENILLIILFIELIIGLIGNGFTALVHCMDWVKRKKMSLVNKILTALAT SRIFLLWFMLVGFPISSLYPYLVTTRLMIQFTSTLWTIANHISVWFATCLSVFYF SEQ ID NO: 28 Mouse GR09 nucleotide sequence GAATTCAGAAATCATCAAAAAATCTTCAAAACTACATGTTTAAAATAGCACTTCAAATGA ATACATTtGCAAATCTTTACAACTAATACATAAAATGGAGCATCTTTTGAAGAGAACATT TGATATCACCGAGAACATACTTCTAATTATTTTATTCATTGAATTAATAATTGGACTTAT AGGAAACGGATTCACAGCCTTGGTGCACTGCATGGACTGGGTTAAGAGAAAAAAAATGTC ATTAGTTAATAAAATCCTCACCGCTTTGGCAACTTCTAGAATTTTCCTGCTCTGGTTCAT GCTAGTAGGTTTTCCAATTAGCTCACTGTACCCATATTTAGTTACTACTAGACTGATGAT ACAGTTCACTAGTACTCTATGGACTATAGCTAACCATATTAGTGTCTGGTTTGCTACATG CCTCAGTGTCTTTTATTTTCT SEQ ID NO: 29 Mouse GR10 amino acid sequence MFSQIISTSDIFTFTIILFVELVIGILGNGFIALVNIMDWTKRRSISSADQILTALAITR FLYVWVMI SEQ ID NO: 30 Mouse GR10 nucleotide sequence CTGCAGAATTCAACATCTTATTCAACTTCAGAAAACTGGATATTAGACACAGTGTCTGGA TGAAGCAGAGGTGATCTCTTTGGGAAAAAAAGCCAAGTAGTCATAAAGAATTTATGAAAC AATTCCTGGGATTGTTTATATTTGTTACAAACAAATTTATATGTTTGTTAGTCAGTAATG TATAAGTGGGATTTTAAAGCATGATTATCTTGAATTTTTAACAAAAAACATGTAGTGCTT TTTAAATGTaGCAGAAACATTAAAAATTGAAGCATGTTCTCACAGATAATAAGCACCAGT GATATTTTTACTTTTACAATAgATATTATTTGTGGAATTAGTAATAGGAATTTTAGGAAA TGGATTCATAGCACTAGTGAATATCATGGACTGGACCAAGAGAAGAAGCATTTCATCAGC GGATCAGATTCTCACTGCTTTGGCCATTACCAGATTTCTCTATGTGTGGGTTATGATCAT TTGTATATTGTTATTCATGCTGnGCCCACATTTGCTTACCAGATCAGAAATAGTnACATC AATTGGTnTTATTTGGATAGnGAATAACCATTTCAGCCGTTTGGCTTGCCCCATGCCTCG GGGnCTTTTATTTTnTGAAGATAGCCAAnCTTTCTAACCCCTTTGTTTCTTTTACCCTAA AGGGGGGGAGGGGAAAAAAAGTAAGTTTTTAATGGATAATTACAnGGnnTTCAATGGATT TTTnTTGGATTTTTAAACCCCGGTTnTnCnTTTAAACCnTGGTnTTGGACCAGGnTnTCC Cn SEQ ID NO: 31 Mouse GR11 amino acid sequence KNYFLINQSVTNLGIFFFIIVSLITCFLLIVFLWRHVRQMHSDVSGFRDHSTKVHVKAMK FLISFMVFFILHFVGLSIEVLCFILPQNKLLFITGLTATCLYPCGHSIIVILGNKQLKQA SLKALQ SEQ ID NO: 32 Mouse GR11 nucleotide sequence GGAAAAATTACTTTCTTATTAACCAAAGTGTGACCAATCTGGGAATCTTTTTCTTCATTA TTGTATCCCTGATTACCTGCTTTCTGTTGATTGTTTTCCTCTGGAGACATGTCAGACAAA TGCACTCAGATGTTTCAGGATTCAGAGACCACAGCACAAAAGTACATGTGAAAGCTATGA AATTTCTAATATCTTTTATGGTCTTCTTTATTCTGCATTTTGTAGGCCTTTCCATAGAAG TGCTATGCTTTATTCTGCCACAAAATAAACTGCTCTTTATAACTGGTTTGACAGCCACAT GCCTCTATCCCTGCGGTCACTCAATCATCGTAATTTTAggAAATAAGCAGTTAAAGCaAG CCTCTTTGAAGGCACTGCAG SEQ ID NO: 33 Mouse GR13 amino acid sequence EFIMGTLGNGFIFLIVCIDWVQRRKISLVDQIRTALAISRIALIWLIFLDWWVSVHYPAL HETGKMLSTYLISWTVINHCNFWLTANLSILYFLKIANFSNIIFLYLKFRSKNVVLVTLL ASLFFLFLNTVIIKIFSDVCFDSVQRNVSQIFIMYNHEQICKFLSFTNPMFTFIPFVYVH SEQ ID NO: 34 Mouse GR13 nucleotide sequence GAATTCATAATGGGAACCTTAGGAAATGGATTCATTTTTCTGATAGTCTGCATAGACTGG GTCCAAAGAAGAAAAATCTCTTTAGTGGATCAAATCCGCACTGCTCTGGCAATTAGCAGA ATCGCTCTAATTTGGTTGATATTCCTAGATTGGTGGGTGTCTGTTCATTACCCAGCATTA CATGAAACTGGTAAGATGTTATCAACATATTTGATTTCCTGGACGGTGATCAATCATTGT AACTTTTGGCTTACTGCAAACTTGAgCATCCTTTATTTTCTCAAGATAGCCAACTTTTCT AACATTATTTTTCTTTATCTAAAGTTTAGATCTAAAAATGTGGTATTAGTGACCCTGTTA GcGTCTCTATTTTTCTTGTTCTTAAATACTGTAATTATAAAAATATTTTCTGATGTGTGT TTTGATAGTGTTCAAAGAAATGTGTCTCAAATTTTCATAATGTATAACCATGAACAAATT TGcAAATTTCTTTCCTTTACTAACCCTATGTTCACATTCATACCTTTTGTTTATGTCCAC SEQ ID NO: 35 Human GR01 amino acid sequence MLESHLIIYFLLAVIQFLLGIFTNGIIVVVNGIDLIKHRKMAPLDLLLSCLAVSRIFLQL FIFYVNVIVIFFIEFIMCSANCAILLFINELELWLATWLGVFYCAKVASVRHPLFIWLKM RISKLVPWMILGSLLYVSMICVFHSKYAGFMVPYFLRKFFSQNATIQKEDTLAIQIFSFV AEFSVPLLIFLFAVLLLIFSLGRHTRQMRNTVAGSRVPGRGAPISALLSILSFLILYFSH CMIKVFLSSLKFHIRRFIFLFFILVIGIYPSGHSLILILGNPKLKQNAKKFLLHSKCCQ SEQ ID NO: 36 Human GR01 nucleotide sequence ATGCTAGAGTCTCACCTCATTATCTATTTTCTTCTTGCAGTGATACAATTTCTTCTTGGG ATTTTCACAAATGGCATCATTGTGGTGGTGAATGGCATTGACTTGATCAAGCACAGAAAA ATGGCTCCGCTGGATCTCCTTCTTTCTTGTCTGGCAGTTTCTAGAATTTTTCTGCAGTTG TTCATCTTCTACGTTAATGTGATTGTTATCTTCTTCATAGAATTCATCATGTGTTCTGCG AATTGTGCAATTCTCTTATTTATAAATGAATTGGAACTTTGGCTTGCCACATGGCTCGGC
GTTTTCTATTGTGCCAAGGTTGCCAGCGTCCGTCACCCACTCTTCATCTGGTTGAAGATG AGGATATCCAAGCTGGTCCCATGGATGATCCTGGGGTCTCTGCTATATGTATCTATGATT TGTGTTTTCCATAGCAAATATGCAGGGTTTATGGTCCCATACTTCCTAAGGAAATTTTTC TCCCAAAATGCCACAATTCAAAAAGAAGATACACTGGCTATACAGATTTTCTCTTTTGTT GCTGAGTTCTCAGTGCCATTGCTTATCTTCCTTTTTGCTGTTTTGCTCTTGATTTTCTCT CTGGGGAGGCACACCCGGCAAATGAGAAACACAGTGGCCGGCAGCAGGGTTCCTGGCAGG GGTGCACCCATCAGCGCGTTGCTGTCTATCCTGTCCTTCCTGATCCTCTACTTCTCCCAC TGCATGATAAAAGTTTTTCTCTCTTCTCTAAAGTTTCACATCAGAAGGTTCATCTTTCTG TTCTTCATCCTTGTGATTGGTATATACCCTTCTGGACACTCTCTCATCTTAATTTTAGGA AATCCTAAATTGAAACAAAATGCAAAAAAGTTCCTCCTCCACAGTAAGTGCTGTCAGTGA SEQ ID NO: 37 Human GR02 amino acid sequence MALSFSAILHIIMMSAEFFTGITVNGFLIIVNCNELIKHRKLMPIQILLMCIGMSRFGLQ MVLMVQSFFSVFFPLLYVKIIYGAAMMFLWMFFSSISLWFATCLSVFYCLKISGFTQSCF LWLKFRIPKLIPWLFWEAFWPL*ALHLCVEVDYAKNVEEDALRNTTLKKSKTKIKKISEV LLVNLALIFPLAIFVMCTSMLLISLYKHTHRMQHGSHGFRNANTEAHINALKTVITFFCF FISYFAAFMTNMTFSLPYRSHQFFMLKDIMAAYPSGHSVIIILSNSKFQQSFRRILCLKK KL SEQ ID NO: 38 Human GR02 nucleotide sequence ATGGCCTTGTCTTTTTCAGCTATTCTTCATATTATCATGATGTCAGCAGAATTCTTCACA GGGATCACAGTAAATGGATTTCTTATCATTGTTAACTGTAATGAATTGATCAAACATAGA AAGCTAATGCCAATTCAAATCCTCTTAATGTGCATAGGGATGTCTAGATTTGGTCTGCAG ATGGTGTTAATGGTACAAAGTTTTTTCTCTGTGTTCTTTCCACTCCTTTACGTCAAAATA ATTTATGGTGCAGCAATGATGTTCCTTTGGATGTTTTTTAGCTCTATCAGCCTATGGTTT GCCACTTGCCTTTCTGTATTTTACTGCCTCAAGATTTCAGGCTTCACTCAGTCCTGTTTT CTTTGGTTGAAATTCAGGATCCCAAAGTTAATACCTTGGCTGCTTCTGGGAAGCGTTCTG GCCTCTGTGAGCATTGCATCTGTGTGTCGAGGTAGATTACGCTAAAAATGTGGAAGAGGA TGCCCTCAGAAACACCACACTAAAAAAGAGTAAAACAAAGATAAAGAAAATTAGTGAAGT GCTTCTTGTCAACTTGGCATTAATATTTCCTCTAGCCATATTTGTGATGTGCACTTCTAT GTTACTCATCTCTCTTTACAAGCACACTCATCGGATGCAACATGGATCTCATGGCTTTAG AAATGCCAACACAGAAGCCCATATAAATGCATTAAAAACAGTGATAACATTCTTTTGCTT CTTTATTTCTTATTTTGCTGCCTTCATGACAAATATGACATTTAGTTTACCTTACAGAAG TCACCAGTTCTTTATGCTGAAGGACATAATGGCAGCATATCCCTCTGGCCACTCGGTTAT AATAATCTTGAGTAATTCTAAGTTCCAACAATCATTTAGAAGAATTCTCTGCCTCAAAAA GAAACTATGA SEQ ID NO: 39 Human GR03 amino acid sequence MMGLTEGVFLILSGTQFTLGILVNCFIELVNGSSWFKTKRMSLSDFIITTLALLRIILLC IILTDSFLIEFSPNTHDSGIIMQIIDVSWTFTNHLSIWLATCLGVLYCLKIASFSHPTFL WLKWRVSRVMVWMLLGALLLSCGSTASLINEFKLYSVFRGIEATRNVTEHFRKKRSEYYL IHVLGTLWYLPPLIVSLASYSLLIFSLGRHTRQMLQNGTSSRDPTTEAHKRAIRIILSFF FLFLLYFLAFLIASFGNFLPKTKMAKMIGEVMTMFYPAGHSFILILGNSKLKQTFVVMLR CESGHLKPGSKGPIFS SEQ ID NO: 40 Human GR03 nucleotide sequence ATGATGGGACTCACCGAGGGGGTGTTCCTGATTCTGTCTGGCACTCAGTTCACACTGGGA ATTCTGGTCAATTGTTTCATTGAGTTGGTCAATGGTAGCAGCTGGTTCAAGACCAAGAGA ATGTCTTTGTCTGACTTCATCATCACCACCCTGGCACTCTTGAGGATCATTCTGCTGTGT ATTATCTTGACTGATAGTTTTTTAATAGAATTCTCTCCCAACACACATGATTCAGGGATA ATAATGCAAATTATTGATGTTTCCTGGACATTTACAAACCATCTGAGCATTTGGCTTGCC ACCTGTCTTGGTGTCCTCTACTGCCTGAAAATCGCCAGTTTCTCTCACCCCACATTCCTC TGGCTCAAGTGGAGAGTTTCTAGGGTGATGGTATGGATGCTGTTGGGTGCACTGCTCTTA TCCTGTGGTAGTACCGCATCTCTGATCAATGAGTTTAAGCTCTATTCTGTCTTTAGGGGA ATTGAGGCCACCAGGAATGTGACTGAACACTTCAGAAAGAAGAGGAGTGAGTATTATCTG ATCCATGTTCTTGGGACTCTGTGGTACCTGCCTCCCTTAATTGTGTCCCTGGCCTCCTAC TCTTTGCTCATCTTCTCCCTGGGGAGGCACACACGGCAGATGCTGCAAAATGGGACAAGC TCCAGAGATCCAACCACTGAGGCCCACAAGAGGGCCATCAGAATCATCCTTTCCTTCTTC TTTCTCTTCTTACTTTACTTTCTTGCTTTCTTAATTGCATCATTTGGTAATTTCCTACCA AAAACCAAGATGGCTAAGATGATTGGCGAAGTAATGACAATGTTTTATCCTGCTGGCCAC TCATTTATTCTCATTCTGGGGAACAGTAAGCTGAAGCAGACATTTGTAGTGATGCTCCGG TGTGAGTCTGGTCATCTGAAGCCTGGATCCAAGGGACCCATTTTCTCTTAG SEQ ID NO: 41 Human GR04 amino acid sequence MLRLFYFSAIIASVILNFVGIIMNLFITVVNCKTWVKSHRISSSDRILFSLGITRFLMLG LFLVNTIYFVSSNTERSVYLSAFFVLCFMFLDSSSVWFVTLLNILYCVKITNFQHSVFLL LKRNISPKIPRLLLACVLISAFTTCLYITLSQASPFPELVTTRNNTSFNISEGILSLVVS LVLSSSLQFIINVTSASLLIHSLRRHIQKMQKNATGFWNPQTEAHVGAMKLMVYFLILYI PYSVATLVQYLPFYAGMDMGTKSICLIFATLYSPGHSVLIIITHPKLKTTAKKILCFKK SEQ ID NO: 42 Human GR04 nucleotide sequence ATGCTTCGGTTATTCTATTTCTCTGCTATTATTGCCTCAGTTATTTTAAATTTTGTAGGA ATCATTATGAATCTGTTTATTACAGTGGTCAATTGCAAAACTTGGGTCAAAAGCCATAGA ATCTCCTCTTCTGATAGGATTCTGTTCAGCCTGGGCATCACCAGGTTTCTTATGCTGGGA CTATTTCTGGTGAACACCATCTACTTCGTCTCTTCAAATACGGAAAGGTCAGTCTACCTG TCTGCTTTTTTTGTGTTGTGTTTCATGTTTTTGGACTCGAGCAGTGTCTGGTTTGTGACC TTGCTCAATATCTTGTACTGTGTGAAGATTACTAACTTCCAACACTCAGTGTTTCTCCTG CTGAAGCGGAATATCTCCCCAAAGATCCCCAGGCTGCTGCTGGCCTGTGTGCTGATTTCT GCTTTCACCACTTGCCTGTACATCACGCTTAGCCAGGCATCACCTTTTCCTGAACTTGTG ACTACGAGAAATAACACATCATTTAATATCAGTGAGGGCATCTTGTCTTTAGTGGTTTCT TTGGTCTTGAGCTCATCTCTCCAGTTCATCATTAATGTGACTTCTGCTTCCTTGCTAATA CACTCCTTGAGGAGACATATACAGAAGATGCAGAAAAATGCCACTGGTTTCTGGAATCCC CAGACGGAAGCTCATGTAGGTGCTATGAAGCTGATGGTCTATTTCCTCATCCTCTACATT CCATATTCAGTTGCTACCCTGGTCCAGTATCTCCCCTTTTATGCAGGGATGGATATGGGG ACCAAATCCATTTGTCTGATTTTTGCCACCCTTTACTCTCCAGGACATTCTGTTCTCATT ATTATCACACATCCTAAACTGAAAACAACAGCAAAGAAGATTCTTTGTTTCAAAAAATAG SEQ ID NO: 43 Human GR05 amino acid sequence MLSAGLGLLMLVAVVEFLIGLIGNGSLVVWSFREWIRKFNWSSYNLIILGLAGCRFLLQW LIILDLSLFPLFQSSRWLRYLSIFWVLVSQASLWFATFLSVFYCKKITTFDRPAYLWLKQ RAYNLSLWCLLGYFIINLLLTVQIGLTFYHPPQGNSSIRYPFESWQYLYAFQLNSGSYLP LVVFLVSSGMLIVSLYTHHKKMKVHSAGRRDVRAKAHITALKSLGCFLLLHLVYIMASPF SITSKTYPPDLTSVFIWETLMAAYPSLHSLILIMGIPRVKQTCQKILWKTVCARRCWGP SEQ ID NO: 44 Human GR05 nucleotide sequence ATGCTGAGCGCTGGCCTAGGACTGCTGATGCTGGTGGCAGTGGTTGAATTTCTCATCGGT TTAATTGGAAATGGAAGCCTGGTGGTCTGGAGTTTTAGAGAATGGATCAGAAAATTCAAC TGGTCCTCATATAACCTCATTATCCTGGGCCTGGCTGGCTGCCGATTTCTCCTGCAGTGG CTGATCATTTTGGACTTAAGCTTGTTTCCACTTTTCCAGAGCAGCCGTTGGCTTCGCTAT CTTAGTATCTTCTGGGTCCTGGTAAGCCAGGCCAGCTTATGGTTTGCCACCTTCCTCAGT GTCTTCTATTGCAAGAAGATCACGACCTTCGATCGCCCGGCCTACTTGTGGCTGAAGCAG AGGGCCTATAACCTGAGTCTCTGGTGCCTTCTGGGCTACTTTATAATCAATTTGTTACTT ACAGTCCAAATTGGCTTAACATTCTATCATCCTCCCCAAGGAAACAGCAGCATTCGGTAT CCCTTTGAAAGCTGGCAGTACCTGTATGCATTTCAGCTCAATTCAGGAAGTTATTTGCCT TTAGTGGTGTTTCTTGTTTCCTCTGGGATGCTGATTGTCTCTTTGTATACACACCACAAG AAGATGAAGGTCCATTCAGCTGGTAGGAGGGATGTCCGGGCCAAGGCTCACATCACTGCG CTGAAGTCCTTGGGCTGCTTCCTCTTACTTCACCTGGTTTATATCATGGCCAGCCCCTTC TCCATCACCTCCAAGACTTATCCTCCTGATCTCACCAGTGTCTTCATCTGGGAGACACTC ATGGCAGCCTATCCTTCTCTTCATTCTCTCATATTGATCATGGGGATTCCTAGGGTGAAG CAGACTTGTCAGAAGATCCTGTGGAAGACAGTGTGTGCTCGGAGATGCTGGGGCCCATGA SEQ ID NO: 45 Human GR06 amino acid sequence MLAAALGLLMPIAGAEFLIGLVGNGVPVVCSFRGWVKKM*GVPINSHDSGK*PLSPTQAD HVGHKSVSTFPEQWLALLS*CLRVLVSQANM*FATFFSGFCCMEIMTFVXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXLLVSFKITFYFSALVGWTL*KPLTGNSNILHPILNLLFL*IAVQ*RRLIAI CDVSVPLVFL*RHHRKMEDHTAVRRRLKPRXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX LYMVSALARHFSMTF*SPSDLTILAISATLMAVYTSFPSIVMVMRNQTCQRIL*EMICTW KS SEQ ID NO: 46 Human GR06 nucleotide sequence ATGTTGGCGGCTGCCCTAGGATTGCTGATGCCCATTGCAGGGGCTGAATTTCTCATTGGC CTGGTTGGAAATGGAGTCCCTGTGGTCTGCAGTTTTAGAGGATGGGTCAAAAAAATGTAA GGAGTCCCTATAAATTCTCATGATTCTGGTAAGTAGCCACTTTCTCCTACTCAGGCCGAT CATGTTGGACATAAGTCTGTTTCCACTTTCCCAGAGCAGTGGTTGGCTTTACTATCTTAA TGTCTTCGAGTCCTGGTAAGCCAGGCCAACATGTAGTTTGCCACTTTCTTCAGTGGCTTC TGCTGCATGGAGATCATGACCTTTGTCCCGCTGACTTCTTGTAGCTGAAAAGACTGGGTT TTTGTTTTTTGCTAGTGTCTTTCAAGATCACTTTTTATTTCTCAGCTCTTGTTGGCTGGA CCCTTTAAAAACCCTTAACAGGAAACAGCAACATCCTGCATCCCATTTTAAATCTGTTAT TTTTATAGATTGCTGTCCAGTGAAGGAGACTGATTGCTATTTGTGATGTTTCTGTTCCAC TTGTCTTTTTGTAAAGACATCACAGGAAGATGGAGGACCACACAGCTGTCAGGAGGAGGC TCAAACCAAGGTGCTCATCGCTCTGAACTTCCCCCTTTACATGGTTTCTGCCTTGGCCAG ACACTTTTCCATGACCTTCTAATCTCCCTCTGATCTCACCATTCTTGCCATCTCTGCAAC ACTCATGGCTGTTTATACTTCATTTCCGTCTATTGTAATGGTTATGAGGAATCAGACTTG TCAGAGAATTCTGTAGGAGATGATATGTACATGGAAATCCTAG SEQ ID NO: 47 Human GR07 amino acid sequence MADKVQTTLLFLAVGEFSVGILGNAFIGLVNCMDWVKKRKIASIDLILTSLAISRICLLC VILLDCFILVLYPDVYATGKEMRIIDFFWTLTNHLSIWFATCLSIYYFFKIGNFFHPLFL WMKWRIDRVISWILLGCVVLSVFISLPATENLNADFRFCVKAKRKTNLTWSCRVNKTQHA STKLFLNLATLLPFCVCLMSFFLLILSLRRHIRRMQLSATGCRDPSTEAHVRALKAVISF LLLFIAYYLSFLIATSSYFMPETELAVIFGESIALIYPSSHSFILILGNNKLRHASLKVI WKVMSILKGRKFQQHKQI SEQ ID NO: 48 Human GR07 nucleotide sequence ATGGCAGATAAAGTGCAGACTACTTTATTGTTCTTAGCAGTTGGAGAGTTTTCAGTGGGG ATCTTAGGGAATGCATTCATTGGATTGGTAAACTGCATGGACTGGGTCAAGAAGAGGAAA ATTGCCTCCATTGATTTAATCCTCACAAGTCTGGCCATATCCAGAATTTGTCTATTGTGC GTAATACTATTAGATTGTTTTATATTGGTGCTATATCCAGATGTCTATGCCACTGGTAAA GAAATGAGAATCATTGACTTCTTCTGGACACTAACCAATCATTTAAGTATCTGGTTTGCA ACCTGCCTCAGCATTTACTATTTCTTCAAGATAGGTAATTTCTTTCACCCACTTTTCCTC TGGATGAAGTGGAGAATTGACAGGGTGATTTCCTGGATTCTACTGGGGTGCGTGGTTCTC TCTGTGTTTATTAGCCTTCCAGCCACTGAGAATTTGAACGCTGATTTCAGGTTTTGTGTG AAGGCAAAGAGGAAAACAAACTTAACTTGGAGTTGCAGAGTAAATAAAACTCAACATGCT TCTACCAAGTTATTTCTCAACCTGGCAACGCTGCTCCCCTTTTGTGTGTGCCTAATGTCC TTTTTCCTCTTGATCCTCTCCCTGCGGAGACATATCAGGCGAATGCAGCTCAGTGCCACA GGGTGCAGAGACCCCAGCACAGAAGCCCATGTGAGAGCCCTGAAAGCTGTCATTTCCTTC CTTCTCCTCTTTATTGCCTACTATTTGTCCTTTCTCATTGCCACCTCCAGCTACTTTATG CCAGAGACGGAATTAGCTGTGATTTTTGGTGAGTCCATAGCTCTAATCTACCCCTCAAGT CATTCATTTATCCTAATACTGGGGAACAATAAATTAAGACATGCATCTCTAAAGGTGATT TGGAAAGTAATGTCTATTCTAAAAGGAAGAAAATTCCAACAACATAAAATCTGA SEQ ID NO: 49 Human GR08 amino acid sequence MFSPADNIFIILITGEFILGILGNGYIALVNWIDWIKKKKISTVDYILTNLVIARICLIS VMVVNGIVIVLNPDVYTKNKQQIVIFTFWTFANYLNMWITTCLNVFYFLKIASSSHPLFL WLKWKIDMVVHWILLGCFAISLLVSLIAAIVLSCDYRFHAIAKHKRNITEMFHVSKIPYF EPLTLFNLFAIVPFIVSLISFFLLVRSLWRHTKQIKLYATGSRDPSTEVHVRAIKTMTSF IFFFFLYYISSILMTFSYLMTKYKLAVEFGEIAAILYPLGHSLILIVLNNKLRQTFVRML TCRKIACMI SEQ ID NO: 50 Human GR08 nucleotide sequence ATGTTCAGTCCTGCAGATAACATCTTTATAATCCTAATAACTGGAGAATTCATACTAGGA ATATTGGGGAATGGATACATTGCACTAGTCAACTGGATTGACTGGATTAAGAAGAAAAAG ATTTCCACAGTTGACTACATCCTTACCAATTTAGTTATCGCCAGAATTTGTTTGATCAGT GTAATGGTTGTAAATGGCATTGTAATAGTACTGAACCCAGATGTTTATACAAAAAATAAA CAACAGATAGTCATTTTTACCTTCTGGACATTTGCCAACTACTTAAATATGTGGATTACC ACCTGCCTTAATGTCTTCTATTTTCTGAAGATAGCCAGTTCCTCTCATCCACTTTTTCTC TGGCTGAAGTGGAAAATTGATATGGTGGTGCACTGGATCCTGCTGGGATGCTTTGCCATT TCCTTGTTGGTCAGCCTTATAGCAGCAATAGTACTGAGTTGTGATTATAGGTTTCATGCA ATTGCCAAACATAAAAGAAACATTACTGAAATGTTCCATGTGAGTAAAATACCATACTTT GAACCCTTGACTCTCTTTAACCTGTTTGCAATTGTCCCATTTATTGTGTCACTGATATCA TTTTTCCTTTTAGTAAGATCTTTATGGAGACATACCAAGCAAATAAAACTCTATGCTACC GGCAGTAGAGACCCCAGCACAGAAGTTCATGTGAGAGCCATTAAAACTATGACTTCATTT ATCTTCTTTTTTTTCCTATACTATATTTCTTCTATTTTGATGACCTTTAGCTATCTTATG ACAAAATACAAGTTAGCTGTGGAGTTTGGAGAGATTGCAGCAATTCTCTACCCCTTGGGT CACTCACTTATTTTAATTGTTTTAAATAATAAACTGAGGCAGACATTTGTCAGAATGCTG ACATGTAGAAAAATTGCCTGCATGATATGA SEQ ID NO: 51 Human GR09 amino acid sequence MPSAIEAIYIILIAGELTIGIWGNGFIVLVNCIDWLKRRDISLIDIILISLAISRICLLC VISLDGFFMLLFPGTYGNSVLVSIVNVVWTFANNSSLWFTSCLSIFYLLKIANISHPFFF WLKLKINKVMLAILLGSFLISLIISVPKNDDMWYHLFKVSHEENITWKFKVSKIPGTFKQ LTLNLGVMVPFILCLISFFLLLFSLVRHTKQIRLHATGFRDPSTEAHMRAIKAVIIFLLL LIVYYPVFLVMTSSALIPQGKLVLMIGDIVTVIFPSSHSFILIMGNSKLREAFLKMLRFV KCFLRRRKPFVP SEQ ID NO: 52 Human GR09 nucleotide sequence ATGCCAAGTGCAATAGAGGCAATATATATTATTTTAATTGCTGGTGAATTGACCATAGGG ATTTGGGGAAATGGATTCATTGTACTAGTTAACTGCATTGACTGGCTCAAAAGAAGAGAT ATTTCCTTGATTGACATCATCCTGATCAGCTTGGCCATCTCCAGAATCTGTCTGCTGTGT GTAATATCATTAGATGGCTTCTTTATGCTGCTCTTTCCAGGTACATATGGCAATAGCGTG CTAGTAAGCATTGTGAATGTTGTCTGGACATTTGCCAATAATTCAAGTCTCTGGTTTACT TCTTGCCTCAGTATCTTCTATTTACTCAAGATAGCCAATATATCGCACCCATTTTTCTTC TGGCTGAAGCTAAAGATCAACAAGGTCATGCTTGCGATTCTTCTGGGGTCCTTTCTTATC TCTTTAATTATTAGTGTTCCAAAGAATGATGATATGTGGTATCACCTTTTCAAAGTCAGT CATGAAGAAAACATTACTTGGAAATTCAAAGTGAGTAAAATTCCAGGTACTTTCAAACAG TTAACCCTGAACCTGGGGGTGATGGTTCCCTTTATCCTTTGCCTGATCTCATTTTTCTTG TTACTTTTCTCCCTAGTTAGACACACCAAGCAGATTCGACTGCATGCTACAGGGTTCAGA GACCCCAGTACAGAGGCCCACATGAGGGCCATAAAGGCAGTGATCATCTTTCTGCTCCTC CTCATCGTGTACTACCCAGTCTTTCTTGTTATGACCTCTAGCGCTCTGATTCCTCAGGGA AAATTAGTGTTGATGATTGGTGACATAGTAACTGTCATTTTCCCATCAAGCCATTCATTC ATTCTAATTATGGGAAATAGCAAGTTGAGGGAAGCTTTTCTGAAGATGTTAAGATTTGTG AAGTGTTTCCTTAGAAGAAGAAAGCCTTTTGTTCCATAG SEQ ID NO: 53 Human GR10 amino acid sequence MLRVVEGIFIFVVVSESVFGVLGNGFIGLVNCIDCAKNKLSTIGFILTGLAISRIFLIWI IITDGFIQIFSPNIYASGNLIEYISYFWVIGNQSSMWFATSLSIFYFLKIANFSNYIFLW LKSRTNMVLPFMIVFLLISSLLNFAYIAKILNDYKTKNDTVWDLNMYKSEYFIKQILLNL GVIFFFTLSLITCIFLIISLWRHNRQMQSNVTGLRDSNTEAHVKAMKVLISFIILFILYF IGMAIEISCFTVRENKLLLMFGMTTTAIYPWGHSFILILGNSKLKQASLRVLQQLKCCEK RKNLRVT SEQ ID NO: 54 Human GR10 nucleotide sequence ATGCTACGTGTAGTGGAAGGCATCTTCATTTTTGTTGTAGTTAGTGAGTCAGTGTTTGGG GTTTTGGGGAATGGATTTATTGGACTTGTAAACTGCATTGACTGTGCCAAGAATAAGTTA TCTACGATTGGCTTTATTCTCACCGGCTTAGCTATTTCAAGAATTTTTCTGATATGGATA ATAATTACAGATGGATTTATACAGATATTCTCTCCAAATATATATGCCTCCGGTAACCTA ATTGAATATATTAGTTACTTTTGGGTAATTGGTAATCAATCAAGTATGTGGTTTGCCACC AGCCTCAGCATCTTCTATTTCCTGAAGATAGCAAATTTTTCCAACTACATATTTCTCTGG TTGAAGAGCAGAACAAATATGGTTCTTCCCTTCATGATAGTATTCTTACTTATTTCATCG TTACTTAATTTTGCATACATTGCGAAGATTCTTAATGATTATAAAACGAAGAATGACACA GTCTGGGATCTCAACATGTATAAAAGTGAATACTTTATTAAACAGATTTTGCTAAATCTG GGAGTCATTTTCTTCTTTACACTATCCCTAATTACATGTATTTTTTTAATCATTTCCCTT TGGAGACACAACAGGCAGATGCAATCGAATGTGACAGGATTGAGAGACTCCAACACAGAA
GCTCATGTGAAGGCAATGAAAGTTTTGATATCTTTCATCATCCTCTTTATCTTGTATTTT ATAGGCATGGCCATAGAAATATCATGTTTTACTGTGCGAGAAAACAAACTGCTGCTTATG TTTGGAATGACAACCACAGCCATCTATCCCTGGGGTCACTCATTTATCTTAATTCTAGGA AACAGCAAGCTAAAGCAAGCCTCTTTGAGGGTACTGCAGCAATTGAAGTGCTGTGAGAAA AGGAAAAATCTCAGAGTCACATAG SEQ ID NO: 55 Human GR11 amino acid sequence MANMLKNMLTMISAIDFIMGIQRSRVMVLVHCIDWIRRWKLSLIDFILTCWAISRIFXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXNHLCT*FATCLAVFYFLKIVNFSYLFYFWLK WRINKVAFILPLVSAFSVYQLSFDVHF*CLLVSCPKKYERHMTGLLNVSNNKNVNNIIIF FIGSLSSFSISSIFFLLLLLSS*RHMKHIRFNFRDCRTPVYGPISEPRKRFSFFVLLLYK NLPFS SEQ ID NO: 56 Human GR12 amino acid sequence MSSIWETLFIRILVV*FIMGTVGN*FIVLVNIID*IRN*KVSLIDFILNCLAISRICFL* ITILATSFNIGYEKMPDSKNLAVSFDILWTGSSYFCLSCTTCLSVFYFLKVANFSNPIFL WMKWKIHKVLLFIVLEATISFCTTSILKEIIINSLI*ERVTIKGNLTFNYMDTMHDFTSL FLLQMMFILPFVETLASILLLILSLWSHTRQMKLHGIYSRDPSTEAHVKPIKAIISFLLL FIVHYFISIILTLACPLLDFVAARTFSSVLVFFHPSGHSFLLILRDSKLKQASLCVLKKM KYAKKDIISHFYKHA SEQ ID NO: 57 Human GR12 nucleotide sequence ATGTCAAGCATTTGGGAGACACTGTTTATAAGAATTCTTGTAGTGTAATTCATAATGGGG ACTGTGGGAAATTGATTCATTGTATTGGTTAATATCATTGACTGAATCAGGAACTGAAAG GTCTCCCTGATTGATTTTATTCTCAACTGCTTGGCCATCTCCAGGATATGTTTCCTGTAG ATAACAATTTTAGCTACCTCTTTCAATATAGGCTATGAGAAAATGCCTGATTCTAAGAAT CTTGCAGTAAGTTTTGACATTCTCTGGACAGGATCCAGCTATTTCTGCCTGTCCTGTACC ACTTGCCTCAGTGTCTTCTATTTCCTCAAGGTAGCCAACTTCTCCAATCCCATTTTCCTC TGGATGAAATGGAAAATTCACAAGGTGCTTCTCTTTATTGTACTAGAGGCAACGATCTCT TTCTGCACAACTTCCATTCTGAAGGAAATAATAATTAATAGTTTAATCTAAGAACGGGTA ACAATAAAAGGCAACTTGACATTTAATTATATGGATACCATGCATGATTTCACTTCTCTG TTTCTCCTTCAGATGATGTTCATCCTTCCTTTTGTGGAAACACTGGCTTCCATTCTTCTC TTAATCCTCTCCTTATGGAGCCACACCAGGCAGATGAAGCTACATGGTATTTATTCCAGG GATCCCAGCACAGAAGCCCATGTAAAACCTATAAAAGCTATAATTTCATTTCTACTCCTC TTTATTGTGCATTATTTCATCAGTATCATACTAACATTGGCCTGTCCTCTTCTAGACTTC GTTGCGGCAAGGACTTTTAGTAGTGTGCTGGTATTTTTCCATCCATCTGGCCATTCATTT CTTCTAATTTTACGGGACAGCAAACTGAAGCAAGCTTCTCTCTGTGTCCTGAAGAAGATG AAGTATGCCAAAAAGGACATAATCTCTCATTTTTATAAACATGCCTGA SEQ ID NO: 58 Human GR13 amino acid sequence MESALPSIFTLVIIAEFIIGNLSNGFIVLINCIDWVSKRELSSVDKLLIILAISRIGLIW EILVSWFLALHYLAIFVSGTGLRIMIFSWIVSNHFNLWLATIFSIFYLLKIASFSSPAFL YLKWRVNKVILMILLGTLVFLFLNLIQINMHIKDWLDRYERNTTWNFSMSDFETFSVSVK FTMTMFSLTPFTVAFISFLLLIFSLQKHLQKMQLNYKGHRDPRTKVHTNALKIVISFLLF YASFFLCVLISWISELYQNTVIYMLCETIGVFSPSSHSFLLILGNAKLRQAFLLVAAKVW SEQ ID NO: 59 Human GR13 nucleotide sequence ATGGAAAGTGCCCTGCCGAGTATCTTCACTCTTGTAATAATTGCAGAATTCATAATTGGG AATTTGAGCAATGGATTTATAGTACTGATCAACTGCATTGACTGGGTCAGTAAAAGAGAG CTGTCCTCAGTCGATAAACTCCTCATTATCTTGGCAATCTCCAGAATTGGGCTGATCTGG GAAATATTAGTAAGTTGGTTTTTAGCTCTGCATTATCTAGCCATATTTGTGTCTGGAACA GGATTAAGAATTATGATTTTTAGCTGGATAGTTTCTAATCACTTCAATCTCTGGCTTGCT ACAATCTTCAGCATCTTTTATTTGCTCAAAATAGCGAGTTTCTCTAGCCCTGCTTTTCTC TATTTGAAGTGGAGAGTAAACAAAGTGATTCTGATGATACTGCTAGGAACCTTGGTCTTC TTATTTTTAAATCTGATACAAATAAACATGCATATAAAAGACTGGCTGGACCGATATGAA AGAAACACAACTTGGAATTTCAGTATGAGTGACTTTGAAACATTTTCAGTGTCGGTCAAA TTCACTATGACTATGTTCAGTCTAACACCATTTACTGTGGCCTTCATCTCTTTTCTCCTG TTAATTTTCTCCCTGCAGAAACATCTCCAGAAAATGCAACTCAATTACAAAGGACACAGA GACCCCAGGACCAAGGTCCATACAAATGCCTTGAAAATTGTGATCTCATTCCTTTTATTC TATGCTAGTTTCTTTCTATGTGTTCTCATATCATGGATTTCTGAGCTGTATCAGAACACA GTGATCTACATGCTTTGTGAGACGATTGGAGTCTTCTCTCCTTCAAGCCACTCCTTTCTT CTGATTCTAGGAAACGCTAAGTTAAGACAGGCCTTTCTTTTGGTGGCAGCTAAGGTATGG GCTAAACGATGA SEQ ID NO: 60 Human GR14 amino acid sequence MGGVIKSIFTFVLIVEFIIGNLGNSFIALVNCIDWVKGRKISSVDRILTALAISRISLVW LIFGSWCVSVFFPALFATEKMFRMLTNIWTVINHFSVWLATGLGTFYFLKIANFSNSIFL YLKWRVKKVVLVLLLVTSVFLFLNIALINIHINASINGYRRNKTCSSDSSNFTRFSSLIV LTSTVFIFIPFTLSLAMFLLLIFSMWKHRKKMQHTVKISGDASTKAHRGVKSVITFFLLY AIFSLSFFISVWTSERLEENLIILSQVMGMAYPSCHSCVLILGNKKLRQASLSVLLWLRY MFKDGEPSGHKEFRESS SEQ ID NO: 61 Human GR14 nucleotide sequence ATGGGTGGTGTCATAAAGAGCATATTTACATTCGTTTTAATTGTGGAATTTATAATTGGA AATTTAGGAAATAGTTTCATAGCACTGGTGAACTGTATTGACTGGGTCAAGGGAAGAAAG ATCTCTTCGGTTGATCGGATCCTCACTGCTTTGGCAATCTCTCGAATTAGCCTGGTTTGG TTAATATTCGGAAGCTGGTGTGTGTCTGTGTTTTTCCCAGCTTTATTTGCCACTGAAAAA ATGTTCAGAATGCTTACTAATATCTGGACAGTGATCAATCATTTTAGTGTCTGGTTAGCT ACAGGCCTCGGTACTTTTTATTTTCTCAAGATAGCCAATTTTTCTAACTCTATTTTTCTC TACCTAAAGTGGAGGGTTAAAAAGGTGGTTTTGGTGCTGCTTCTTGTGACTTCGGTCTTC TTGTTTTTAAATATTGCACTGATAAACATCCATATAAATGCCAGTATCAATGGATACAGA AGAAACAAGACTTGCAGTTCTGATTCAAGTAACTTTACACGATTTTCCAGTCTTATTGTA TTAACCAGCACTGTGTTCATTTTCATACCCTTTACTTTGTCCCTGGCAATGTTTCTTCTC CTCATCTTCTCCATGTGGAAACATCGCAAGAAGATGCAGCACACTGTCAAAATATCCGGA GACGCCAGCACCAAAGCCCACAGAGGAGTTAAAAGTGTGATCACTTTCTTCCTACTCTAT GCCATTTTCTCTCTGTCTTTTTTCATATCAGTTTGGACCTCTGAAAGGTTGGAGGAAAAT CTAATTATTCTTTCCCAGGTGATGGGAATGGCTTATCCTTCATGTCACTCATGTGTTCTG ATTCTTGGAAACAAGAAGCTGAGACAGGCCTCTCTGTCAGTGCTACTGTGGCTGAGGTAC ATGTTCAAAGATGGGGAGCCCTCAGGTCACAAAGAATTTAGAGAATCATCTTGA SEQ ID NO: 62 Human GR15 amino acid sequence MITFLPIIFSILVVVTFVLGNFANGFIVLVNSIEWVKRQKISFADQILTALAVSRVGLLW VILLHWYATVLNPGSYSLGVRITTINAWAVTNHFSIWVATSLSIFYFLKIANFSNFIFLH LKRRIKSVIPVILLGSLLFLVCHLVVVNMDESMWTKEYEGNVSWEIKLSDPTHLSDMTVT TLANLIPFTLSLLSFLLLICSLCKHLKKMQFHGKGSPDSNTKVHIKALQTVTSFLLLFAV YFLSLITSIWNFRRRL*NEPVLMLSQTTAIIYPSFHSFILIWGSKKLKQTFLLILCQIKC SEQ ID NO: 63 Human GR15 nucleotide sequence ATGATAACTTTTCTACCCATCATTTTTTCCATTCTAGTAGTGGTTACATTTGTTCTTGGG AATTTTGCTAATGGCTTCATAGTGTTGGTAAATTCCATTGAGTGGGTCAAGAGACAAAAG ATCTCCTTTGCTGACCAAATTCTCACTGCTCTGGCAGTCTCCAGAGTTGGTTTGCTCTGG GTAATATTATTACATTGGTATGCAACTGTTTTGAATCCAGGTTCATATAGTTTAGGAGTA AGAATTACTACTATTAATGCCTGGGCTGTAACCAACCATTTCAGCATCTGGGTTGCTACT AGCCTCAGCATATTTTATTTCCTCAAGATTGCCAATTTCTCCAACTTTATTTTTCTTCAC TTAAAAAGGAGAATTAAGAGTGTCATTCCAGTGATACTATTGGGGTCTTTGTTATTTTTG GTTTGTCATCTTGTTGTGGTAAACATGGATGAGAGTATGTGGACAAAAGAATATGAAGGA AACGTGAGTTGGGAGATCAAATTGAGTGATCCGACGCACCTTTCAGATATGACTGTAACC ACGCTTGCAAACTTAATACCCTTTACTCTGTCCCTGTTATCTTTTCTGCTCTTAATCTGT TCTTTGTGTAAACATCTCAAGAAGATGCAGTTCCATGGCAAAGGATCTCCAGATTCCAAC ACCAAGGTCCACATAAAAGCTTTGCAAACGGTGACCTCCTTCCTCTTGTTATTTGCTGTT TACTTTCTGTCCCTAATCACATCGATTTGGAATTTTAGGAGGAGGCTGTAGAACGAACCT GTCCTCATGCTCAGCCAAACTACTGCAATTATATACCCTTCATTTCATTCATTCATCCTA ATTTGGGGAAGCAAGAAGCTGAAACAGACCTTTCTTTTGATTTTGTGTCAGATTAAGTGC TGA SEQ ID NO: 64 Human GR16 amino acid sequence MIPIQLTVFFMIIYVLESLTIIVQSSLIVAVLGREWLQVRRLMPVDMILISLGISRFCLQ WASMLNNFCSYFNLNYVLCNLTITWEFFNILTFWLNSLLTVFYCIKVSSFTHHIFLWLRW RILRLFPWILLGSLMITCVTIIPSAIGNYIQIQLLTMEHLPRNSTVTDKLENFHQYQFQA HTVALVIPFILFLASTIFLMASLTKQIQHHSTGHCNPSMKARFTALRSLAVLFIVFTSYF LTILITIIGTLFDKRCWLWVWEAFVYAFILMHSTSLMLSSPTLKRILKGKC SEQ ID NO: 65 Human GR16 nucleotide sequence ATGATACCCATCCAACTCACTGTCTTCTTCATGATCATCTATGTGCTTGAGTCCTTGACA ATTATTGTGCAGAGCAGCCTAATTGTTGCAGTGCTGGGCAGAGAATGGCTGCAAGTCAGA AGGCTGATGCCTGTGGACATGATTCTCATCAGCCTGGGCATCTCTCGCTTCTGTCTACAG TGGGCATCAATGCTGAACAATTTTTGCTCCTATTTTAATTTGAATTATGTACTTTGCAAC TTAACAATCACCTGGGAATTTTTTAATATCCTTACATTCTGGTTAAACAGCTTGCTTACC GTGTTCTACTGCATCAAGGTCTCTTCTTTCACCCATCACATCTTTCTCTGGCTGAGGTGG AGAATTTTGAGGTTGTTTCCCTGGATATTACTGGGTTCTCTGATGATTACTTGTGTAACA ATCATCCCTTCAGCTATTGGGAATTACATTCAAATTCAGTTACTCACCATGGAGCATCTA CCAAGAAACAGCACTGTAACTGACAAACTTGAAAATTTTCATCAGTATCAGTTCCAGGCT CATACAGTTGCATTGGTTATTCCTTTCATCCTGTTCCTGGCCTCCACCATCTTTCTCATG GCATCACTGACCAAGCAGATACAACATCATAGCACTGGTCACTGCAATCCAAGCATGAAA GCGCGCTTCACTGCCCTGAGGTCCCTTGCCGTCTTATTTATTGTGTTTACCTCTTACTTT CTAACCATACTCATCACCATTATAGGTACTCTATTTGATAAGAGATGTTGGTTATGGGTC TGGGAAGCTTTTGTCTATGCTTTCATCTTAATGCATTCCACTTCACTGATGCTGAGCAGC CCTACGTTGAAAAGGATTCTAAAGGGAAAGTGCTAG SEQ ID NO: 66 Human GR17 amino acid sequence GILSILVVFAFVLGNVANGFIALVNVNDWVKTQKISSTDQIVTALAFSRIGLLXIILLHW YATVFNSALYSLEVRIVPSNVSAIINHFSIWLATSLSIFYLFKIANFSNFIFLHLKKRIK SVLLVILLGSLVFLICNLAVVTMG SEQ ID NO: 67 Human GR17 nucleotide sequence GGGCATTTTATCAATTCTGGTAGTGTTTGCATTTGTTCTTGGAAATGTTGCCAATGGCTT CATAGCTCTAGTTAATGTCAATGACTGGGTTAAGACACAAAAGATCTCCTCAACTGACCA AATTGTCACTGCTCTGGCATTCTCCAGAATTGGTTTACTTTGATCATATTATTACATTGG TATGCAACTGTGTTTAATTCAGCTTTATATAGTTTAGAAGTAAGAATTGTTCCTTCTAAT GTCTCGGCAATAATCAATCATTTCAGCATTTGGCTTGCTACGAGCCTCAGCATATTTTAT TTGTTCAAGATTGCCAATTTCTCCAATTTTATTTTTCTCCACCTAAAGAAGAGAATTAAG AGTGTTCTTCTTGTGATACTGTTGGGGTCCTTGGTATTTTTGATTTGTAATCTTGCTGTG GTAACCATGGGATGACAGGTGTGTGGACAAAAGAATTTGAAGGAAATGTGACTTGGGAAG GATCGAATTGAGGAATGCAATACACCTTTCAAACATGACTATAACCCAACCATGCTAGCA AACTTCACACTGTA SEQ ID NO: 68 Human GR18 amino acid sequence MFVGINIFFLVVATRGLVLGMLGNGLIGLVNCIEWAKSWKVSSADFILTSLAIVRIIRLY LILFDSFIMVLSPHLYTIRKLVKLFTI SEQ ID NO: 69 Human GR18 nucleotide sequence TCCTGAAATTTGGCTATGCCCTCTGAAATTNGTGATGAAAACCATAGATTAGAAAGCATC ATAAATGCATGCCCATCTGCAACTGTTTGACNTATAAAGCTGTCAGTGAAGTAGAATATC GGAAATATTTTCATAGAAATGTTCGTTGGAATTAATATTTTCTTTCTGGTGGTGGCAACA AGAGGACTTGTCTTAGGAATGCTGGGAAACGGGCTCATTGGACTGGTAAACTGCATTGAG TGGGCCAAGAGTTGGAAGGTCTCATCAGCTGATTTCATCCTCACCAGCTTGGCTATAGTC AGAATCATTCGACTGTATTTAATACTATTTGATTCATTTATAATGGTATTGTCCCCTCAT CTATATACCATCCGTAAACTAGTAAAACTGTTTACTATT SEQ ID NO: 70 Human GR19 amino acid sequence VTTLANLIPFTLSLICFLLLICSLCKHLKKMRLHSKGSQDPSTKVHIKALQTVTSFLMLF AIYFLCIITSTWNLRTQQSKLVLLLCQTVAIMYPSFHSFILIMGSRKLKQTFLSVLWQMT C SEQ ID NO: 71 Human GR19 nucleotide sequence CTGTAACTACTCTAGCAAACCTCATACCCTTTACTCTGAGCCTAATATGTTTTCTGCTGT TAATCTGTTCTCTTTGTAAACATCTCAAGAAGATGCGGCTCCATAGCAAAGGATCTCAAG ATCCCAGCACCAAGGTCCATATAAAAGCTTTGCAAACTGTGACCTCCTTCCTCATGTTAT TTGCCATTTACTTTCTGTGTATAATCACATCAACTTGGAATCTTAGGACACAGCAGAGCA AACTTGTACTCCTGCTTTGCCAAACTGTTGCAATCATGTATCCTTCATTCCACTCATTCA TCCTGATTATGGGAAGTAGGAAGCTAAAACAGACCTTTCTTTCAGTTTTGTGGCAGATGA CATGCTGAGTGAAAGAAGAGAAACCCTCAACTCCATAGATTCACAAGGGGAGCATCGTGG GTCTTCTAGCAGAAAACAAACTGATGGTGTCTGGAACATTTTATAT SEQ ID NO: 72 Human GR20 amino acid sequence HLXRKAKSVVLVIVLGSLFFLVCQLVMKNTYINVWTEECEGNVTWKIKLRNAMHLSNLTV AMLANLIPFTLTVISFLLLIYSLCKHLKKMQLHGKGSQDPSTKIHIKALQTVTSFLVLLA IYFLCLIIS SEQ ID NO: 73 Human GR20 nucleotide sequence TTCATCACTTANAAAGGAAGGCTAAGAGTGTAGTTCTGGTGATAGTGTTGGGGTCTTTGT TCTTTTTGGTTTGTCAACTTGTGATGAAAAACACGTATATAAATGTGTGGACAGAAGAAT GTGAAGGAAACGTAACTTGGAAGATCAAACTGAGGAATGCAATGCACCTTTCCAACTTGA CTGTAGCCATGCTAGCAAACTTGATACCATTCACTCTGACCGTGATATCTTTTCTGCTGT TAATCTACTCTCTGTGTAAACATCTGAAGAAGATGCAGCTCCATGGCAAAGGATCTCAAG ATCCCAGCACCAAGATCCACATAAAAGCTCTGCAAACTGTGACCTCCTTCCTCGTATTAC TTGCCATTTACTTTCTGTGTCTAATCATATCCTTTTG SEQ ID NO: 74 Human GR21 amino acid sequence MITFLPIIFSILIVVIFVIGKFANGFIALVNSIEWVKRQKISFVDQILTALXGLRVWLLW VVLLH SEQ ID NO: 75 Human GR21 nucleotide sequence TTATCCATTAGCATGCCATGGTGATTTCTGACTTGACACTGGTCACAGCAATTAAAAGTA AAAAGAATGTCACAGCACATACACAAATCAGGTGCATATAGAATTTAAGGTCAGGATATT CAAGCAATCACAACCAGTGATATTACACCAGCATTTTAAAAATTTCTTTNTGTCTGTTCA GACATGATAACTTTTCTGCCCATCATTTTTTCCATTCTAATAGTGGTTATATTTGTTATT GGGAAATTTGCTAATGGCTTCATAGCATTGGTAAATTCCATTGAGTGGGTCAAGAGACAA AAGATCTCCTTTGTTGACCAAATTCTCACTGCTCTGNGCGGTCTCAGAGTNTGGTTGCTC TGGGTGGTATTACTACATTTGAG SEQ ID NO: 76 Human GR22 amino acid sequence MATESDTNLLILAIAEFIISMLGNVFIGLVNCSEXIKNXKVFSADFILTCLAISHNGQLL VILFDSFLVGLASHLYTTYRLXKNCIMLWT SEQ ID NO: 77 Human GR22 nucleotide sequence TATAGGGACNGTGATGCTTCGTACACTCTCCAAGAAGAAACACTCCGTGAGGTATGTGAG ACTGCATNCCTTAGTAGATCTNTTGGGATATATATTCATAATATAGAAAAANAGGCAAAG ACTTNCTTAAGTATATGAGACTCTATCCAACAGCAGAAGGTTCTGATCAAGACTGGAAGT GCAATANAAGCAATGAAGATAAGTATCAGATATGAATGCTCTTCTGCAATGGTCTGATTG TNACATTATTAATGATACANAGTATTAAAAACTTGGATTTTNTTGTCTCTGGAGATGGCC ACCGAATCGGACACAAATCTTCTGATTCTGGCAATAGCAGAATTCATCATCAGCATGCTG GGGAATGTGTTCATTGGACTGGTAAACTGCTCTGAANGGATCAAGAACCANAAGGTCTTC TCAGCTGACTTCATCCTCACCTGCTTGGCTATCTCTCACAATGGACAACTGTTGGTGATA CTGTTTGATTCATTTCTAGTGGGACTTGCTTCACATCTATATACCACATATAGACTANGA AAAAACTGTATTATGCTTTGGACATGACTAATCACTTGACACACTGCTTCGCACGTGCTA GCATATTCTATTCTTAGATAGCCACTTCNCACTCCTTGTCTCTGCTGAAGTGGGAT
SEQ ID NO: 78 Human GR23 amino acid sequence VAFVLGNVANGFIALVNVIDXVNTRKISSAEQILTALVVSRIGXTLXHSIP*DATRC*SA LYRXEVRIVASN SEQ ID NO: 79 Human GR23 nucleotide sequence AGGGTTGAGTCGTGCTTATCTTCACTTAACCTAGTATANAANTACAGCATATAGCAAGGA GAGAATGTATATGAAGAGGAGTGAATTTGAGTCTGTTTGAGAATAATGACCTTTTCTATT TCTATAAAGACAGTTTTGAATTCATCTATTAGCATATGCTGGTGCTTGCCTGTTGACACT AGTCACTGAATTTAAAGGCAGAAAATGTTATTGCACATTTAGTAATCAAGTGTTCATCGA AGTTAACATCTGGATGTTAAAGGACTCAGAACAAGTGTTACTAAGCCTGCATTTTTTTAT CTGTTCAAACATGATGTGTTNTCTGCTCATCATTTCATCAATTCTGGTAGAGTTGCATTT GTTCTTGGAAATGTNGCCAATGGCTTCATAGCTCTAGTAAATGTCATTGACTGNGTTAAC ACACGAAAGATCTCCTCAGCTGAGCAAATTCTCACTGCTCTGGTGGTCTCCAGAATTGGT NNTACTCTGNGTCATAGTATTCCTTGAGATGCAACTAGATGTTAATCTGCTCTATATAGG NTAGAAGTAAGAATTGTTGCTTCTAATGCCTGAGCTCGTACGAACCATT SEQ ID NO: 80 Human GR24 amino acid sequence MATELDKIFLIMAVAEFIISMLGNVFIGLVNCSEGITNQNVVLADFILTCMASLTIGQLV VILFDYFL SEQ ID NO: 81 Human GR24 nucleotide sequence AGTCACNNNATGAAGACTGGGGACCTCGTATTCACCNCTCTCTAGAGAAAAGAAAACACT CTCGAGAAGGTATGTGAGACTGCAGACCTTAGTAGATCTTGTGGGATTAAGAACAGAATT ATGGTCAAAATAGGCCAAGACTTCCTTAAGTATATGAGACTCTATCCAACAGCAGAAGGT TCTGATCAAGACTGGAGAGGCAATAAAAGCAATGAAGATAAGTATCAGATATGAATGCTC TTCTGCAATGGTGTGATTGTAAATTTATTAATGATACAAAGTATTAAAGACTTGGATTTT TTCGTCTCTGGAGATGGCCACCGAATTGGACAAAATCTTTCTGATTATGGCAGTAGCAGA ATTCATCATCAGCATGCTGGGGAATGTGTTCATTGGACTGGTCAACTGCTCTGAAGGGAT CACAAACCAAAATGTCGTTCTAGCTGACTTCATACTCACCTGCATGGCTAGTCTCACAAT TGGACAACTGGTGGTGATACTGTTTGATTATTTCTTGTGTGACTTGTG SEQ ID NO: 82 T2R Family Consensus Sequence 1 E(F/A)(I/V/L)(V/L)G(I/V)(L/V)GN(G/T)FI(V/A)LVNC(I/M)DW SEQ ID NO: 83 T2R Family Consensus Sequence 2 (D/G)(F/L)(I/L)L(T/I)(G/A/S)LAISRI(C/G/F)L SEQ ID NO: 84 T2R Family Consensus Sequence 3 NH(L/F)(S/T/N)(L/I/V)W(F/L)(A/T)T(C/S/N)L(S/N/G)(I/V) SEQ ID NO: 85 T2R Family Consensus Sequence 4 FY(F/C)LKIA(N/S)FS(H/N)(P/S)(L/I/V)FL(W/Y)LK SEQ ID NO: 86 T2R Family Consensus Sequence 5 LLI(I/F/V)SLW(K/R)H(S/T)(K/R)(Q/K)(M/I)(Q/K) SEQ ID NO: 87 T2R Family Consensus Sequence 6 HS(F/L)(I/V)LI(L/M)(G/S/T)N(P/S/N)KL(K/R)(Q/R) SEQ ID NO: 88 T2R1 Signature Sequence 1 KMAPLDLLL SEQ ID NO: 89 T2R1 Signature Sequence 2 ATWLGVFYCAK SEQ ID NO: 90 T2R1 Signature Sequence 3 LSILSFLILY SEQ ID NO: 91 T2R1 Signature Sequence 4 LILGNPKLK
Sequence CWU
1
951335PRTRattus sp.rat T2R01, GR01 or SF01 1Met Met Glu Gly His Ile Leu
Phe Phe Phe Leu Val Val Met Val Gln1 5 10
15Phe Val Thr Gly Val Leu Ala Asn Gly Leu Ile Val Val
Val His Ala 20 25 30Ile Asp
Leu Ile Met Trp Lys Lys Met Ala Pro Leu Asp Leu Leu Leu 35
40 45Phe Cys Leu Ala Thr Ser Arg Ile Ile Leu
Gln Leu Cys Ile Leu Phe 50 55 60Ala
Gln Leu Cys Leu Phe Ser Leu Val Arg His Thr Leu Phe Glu Asp65
70 75 80Asn Ile Thr Phe Val Phe
Ile Ile Asn Glu Leu Ser Leu Trp Phe Ala 85
90 95Thr Trp Leu Gly Val Phe Tyr Cys Ala Lys Ile Ala
Thr Ile Pro His 100 105 110Pro
Leu Phe Leu Trp Leu Lys Met Arg Ile Ser Arg Leu Val Pro Trp 115
120 125Leu Ile Leu Gly Ser Val Leu Tyr Val
Ile Ile Thr Thr Phe Ile His 130 135
140Ser Arg Glu Thr Ser Ala Ile Leu Lys Pro Ile Phe Ile Ser Leu Phe145
150 155 160Pro Lys Asn Ala
Thr Gln Val Gly Thr Gly His Ala Thr Leu Leu Ser 165
170 175Val Leu Val Leu Gly Leu Thr Leu Pro Leu
Phe Ile Phe Thr Val Ala 180 185
190Val Leu Leu Leu Ile Tyr Ser Leu Trp Asn Tyr Ser Arg Gln Met Arg
195 200 205Thr Met Val Gly Thr Arg Glu
Tyr Ser Gly His Ala His Ile Ser Ala 210 215
220Met Leu Ser Ile Leu Ser Phe Leu Ile Leu Tyr Leu Ser His Tyr
Met225 230 235 240Val Ala
Val Leu Ile Ser Thr Gln Val Leu Tyr Leu Gly Ser Arg Thr
245 250 255Phe Val Phe Cys Leu Leu Val
Ile Gly Met Tyr Pro Ser Ile His Ser 260 265
270Ile Val Leu Ile Leu Gly Asn Pro Lys Leu Lys Arg Asn Ala
Lys Met 275 280 285Phe Ile Val His
Cys Lys Cys Cys His Cys Thr Arg Ala Trp Val Thr 290
295 300Ser Arg Ser Pro Arg Leu Ser Asp Leu Pro Val Pro
Pro Thr His Pro305 310 315
320Ser Ala Asn Lys Thr Ser Cys Ser Glu Ala Cys Ile Met Pro Ser
325 330 33521331DNARattus sp.rat
T2R01, GR01 or SF01 2caggaatcat aaatggctga aactgggcag aactctatgc
attatttaaa gaagtcattg 60gtttgtcatt cttaaaatga tggaagggca tatactcttc
ttctttttgg ttgtgatggt 120gcagtttgtc actggggtct tggcaaatgg cctcattgtg
gttgtccatg ctattgactt 180gatcatgtgg aagaaaatgg ccccgttgga tctgcttcta
ttttgcctgg cgacttctcg 240gatcattctg cagttatgta tattgtttgc acaattgtgt
ctattctctt tggtgagaca 300cactttattt gaggacaata ttacctttgt cttcatcata
aatgaactga gtctttggtt 360tgctacatgg ctcggtgttt tctactgtgc caagattgct
accattcctc acccactctt 420tctgtggctg aagatgagga tatccaggtt ggtaccatgg
ctgatcctgg gatctgtgct 480ctatgtaatt attactactt tcatccatag cagagagact
tcagcaatcc ttaaaccaat 540ttttataagc ctttttccta aaaatgcaac tcaagtcgga
acagggcatg ccacactact 600ctcagtcctg gtccttgggc tcacactgcc gttgttcatc
tttactgttg ctgttctgct 660cttgatatac tccctgtgga attatagcag gcagatgagg
actatggtag gcaccaggga 720gtatagcgga catgctcaca tcagtgcaat gctgtccatt
ctatcattcc tcatcctcta 780tctctcccac tacatggtgg ctgttctgat ctctactcaa
gtcctctacc ttggaagcag 840aacctttgta ttctgcttac tggttattgg tatgtacccc
tcaatacact cgattgtctt 900aattttagga aatcctaagc tgaaacgaaa tgcaaaaatg
ttcattgtcc attgtaagtg 960ttgtcattgt acaagagctt gggtcacctc aaggagccca
agactcagtg acttgccagt 1020gcctcctact catccctcag ccaacaagac atcctgctca
gaagcctgta taatgccatc 1080ctaattgtcc agcctgaggt ttaatcctag gtttggtact
atttcaaaga gtaaagttga 1140tcattaaagc acaacatatg ttggtggatg acatcaaggt
ccatatccca gttgtcaatt 1200gtaaacctca ccttgcaaga tgatgtcact gagaaagcag
gacaaatgga gtctaggtcc 1260ttctgtatga cttgctgcag tatatgtgaa tctataattt
tctccaaaaa aacaaaaaaa 1320aaaaaaaaaa a
13313333PRTRattus sp.rat T2R02, GR02 or SF02 3Met
Phe Ser Gln Lys Thr Asn Tyr Ser His Leu Phe Thr Phe Ser Ile1
5 10 15Ile Phe Tyr Val Glu Ile Val
Thr Gly Ile Leu Gly Asn Gly Phe Ile 20 25
30Ala Leu Val Asn Ile Met Asp Trp Leu Lys Arg Arg Arg Ile
Ser Thr 35 40 45Ala Asp Gln Ile
Leu Thr Ala Leu Ala Leu Thr Arg Leu Ile Tyr Val 50 55
60Trp Ser Val Leu Ile Cys Ile Leu Leu Leu Phe Leu Cys
Pro His Leu65 70 75
80Ser Met Arg Pro Glu Met Phe Thr Ala Ile Gly Val Ile Trp Val Val
85 90 95Asp Asn His Phe Ser Ile
Trp Leu Ala Thr Cys Leu Gly Val Phe Tyr 100
105 110Phe Leu Lys Ile Ala Ser Phe Ser Asn Ser Leu Phe
Leu Tyr Leu Lys 115 120 125Trp Arg
Val Lys Lys Val Val Leu Met Ile Ile Leu Ile Ser Leu Ile 130
135 140Phe Leu Met Leu Asn Ile Ser Ser Leu Gly Met
Tyr Asp His Phe Ser145 150 155
160Ile Asp Val Tyr Glu Gly Asn Met Ser Tyr Asn Leu Val Asp Ser Thr
165 170 175His Phe Pro Arg
Ile Phe Leu Phe Thr Asn Ser Ser Lys Val Phe Leu 180
185 190Ile Ala Asn Ser Ser His Val Phe Leu Pro Ile
Asn Ser Leu Phe Met 195 200 205Leu
Ile Pro Phe Thr Val Ser Leu Val Ala Phe Phe Val Leu Phe Leu 210
215 220Ser Leu Trp Lys His His Lys Lys Met Gln
Val Asn Ala Lys Gly Pro225 230 235
240Arg Asp Ala Ser Thr Met Ala His Thr Lys Ala Leu Gln Ile Gly
Phe 245 250 255Ser Phe Leu
Leu Leu Tyr Ala Ile Tyr Leu Leu Phe Ile Ile Thr Gly 260
265 270Ile Leu Asn Leu Asp Leu Met Arg Cys Ile
Val Ile Leu Leu Phe Asp 275 280
285His Ile Ser Gly Ala Val Phe Ser Ile Ser His Ser Phe Val Leu Ile 290
295 300Leu Gly Asn Ser Lys Leu Arg Gln
Ala Thr Leu Ser Val Leu Pro Cys305 310
315 320Leu Arg Cys Arg Ser Lys Asp Met Asp Thr Val Val
Phe 325 33042438DNARattus sp.rat T2R02,
GR02 or SF02 4attttgctcc actattttgc tcttctgcag taacacagac cacaaaacaa
tggagccaat 60gggtcaagag ctgaaacttc aggaagtggg agccaaattt tctttgtgat
aggttggcat 120atgagaattc attatttgat gcagcttctg aaaactggat gtgaaatact
ggatgaagca 180gaggtgatga cccctttgaa attaaaaagc caagatgttc atggagaaat
tataaaacaa 240tatctgggaa atttgatgct tcctaatcgg gtgtaaatgg gattttaaat
gatgaacatt 300ttgaatttcc aatgaccatt atgtaaagtt tttaaacaca gtagagacat
cataaattga 360agcatgttct cacagaaaac aaactacagc catttgttta ctttttcaat
tattttttat 420gtggaaatag taacaggaat cttaggaaat ggattcatag cactagtgaa
tatcatggac 480tggctcaaga ggaggaggat ctctactgca gatcagattc tcactgcttt
ggcccttacc 540agactcattt atgtgtggtc tgtactcatt tgtatattgt tactatttct
gtgcccacat 600ttgtctatga gaccagaaat gtttacagcg ataggtgtta tctgggtagt
ggataaccac 660ttcagcatct ggcttgctac atgtcttggt gtcttttatt tcctcaaaat
agccagtttt 720tctaactctt tgtttcttta cctaaagtgg agagttaaaa aagtggtttt
aatgataata 780ctgatatcac tgattttctt gatgttaaac atttcatcat tagggatgta
tgatcatttc 840tcaattgatg tttatgaagg taatatgtct tataatttgg tggattcaac
acattttccc 900agaattttct tattcacaaa ctcatctaag gtcttcttaa tcgccaattc
atcccatgtt 960ttcttaccca tcaactcact cttcatgctc atacccttca cagtttccct
ggtagctttt 1020ttcgtgctct ttctctcact gtggaagcat cacaagaaga tgcaggtcaa
tgccaaagga 1080cccagagatg ccagcaccat ggcccacaca aaagccttgc aaattgggtt
ctccttcctc 1140ctgctgtatg caatatactt acttttcatt atcacaggaa ttttgaacct
tgacttgatg 1200agatgtatag taatactttt atttgaccac atatctggag cagttttttc
tataagccac 1260tcatttgtgc tgattctggg aaacagtaag ctgagacaag ccactctttc
tgtgctgcct 1320tgtcttaggt gccggtccaa agatatggac actgtcgttt tctaataaat
tccagagtac 1380attatgcaaa atcttgaggg tgatcagttc atagaaaaag taatcttaga
ggggaaaata 1440aaatattggg gcttcaaatg ttggatgggt aatacatagg aaggcaggac
aaggatgaag 1500gagactagca ttatataagt gatttcacag gggaaatggg aaagagggct
tttatataat 1560gaagaagaag ataaatgatg aaggatgagg aagagttaaa tatgtaaaat
gacaatagag 1620atggcatcat gccgttttaa gaaatttgga atgcatatgt atgtttatat
attttttaat 1680ttttattgaa tatatttatt tacattttaa atgttatcct gtttccccca
cccaacctcc 1740cacctcttcc cacctccttg ccctgacatt cccctgcact ggggaatcca
gccttgacag 1800gaccaagggc ttctcctccc tttgttgcca acaaggccat tctttgctac
atgtgcagca 1860ggagccatgg atctgtctat gtgtactctt tggatggtgg tttagtccct
gggagctctt 1920gttggttggt attgttgttc ttatggtgtt gcaactccct tcagctcctt
caatccttcc 1980tgtaactcct ccaatgtgga ccctgttctc agtccaatgg ttgactatga
gcattcacct 2040ctgtgattgt catgctctgg cacagcttct cagaagacag ctacatcagt
ctcctataag 2100agtgcacttc atggcatcag caatgttgtc ttgatttggt gtctgtatgt
atatgggctg 2160gatcccaggt ggggcaggcg ctgaatggtc attccttcag tctttgctcc
aaactttgtc 2220tttatatctc ctatgaatat ttttgttccc ccttataaga atgactgaag
tatccacact 2280ttggccatcc ttcttcatga gcttcatgtg gtctgtgaat tgtacattgt
gtaatccaag 2340cttttgggct aatatccaat tatagtgagt gcataccaaa aaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaa 2400aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa
24385299PRTRattus sp.rat T2R03, GR03 or SF03 5Met Val Pro Thr
Gln Val Thr Ile Phe Ser Ile Ile Met Tyr Val Leu1 5
10 15Glu Ser Leu Val Ile Ile Val Gln Ser Cys
Thr Thr Val Ala Val Leu 20 25
30Phe Arg Glu Trp Met His Phe Gln Arg Leu Ser Pro Val Glu Ile Ile
35 40 45Leu Ile Ser Leu Gly Ile Ser His
Phe Cys Leu Gln Trp Thr Ser Met 50 55
60Leu Tyr Asn Phe Gly Thr Tyr Ser Arg Pro Val Leu Leu Phe Trp Lys65
70 75 80Val Ser Val Val Trp
Glu Phe Met Asn Val Leu Thr Phe Trp Leu Thr 85
90 95Ser Leu Leu Ala Val Leu Tyr Cys Val Lys Val
Ser Ser Phe Ser His 100 105
110Pro Val Phe Leu Trp Leu Arg Leu Lys Ile Leu Lys Leu Val Leu Trp
115 120 125Leu Leu Leu Gly Ala Leu Ile
Ala Ser Cys Leu Ser Ile Ile Pro Ser 130 135
140Val Val Lys Tyr His Ile Gln Met Glu Leu Leu Thr Leu Asp His
Leu145 150 155 160Pro Lys
Asn Ser Ser Leu Ile Leu Arg Leu Gln Met Phe Glu Trp Tyr
165 170 175Phe Ser Asn Pro Phe Lys Met
Ile Gly Phe Gly Val Pro Phe Leu Val 180 185
190Phe Leu Ile Ser Ile Ile Leu Leu Thr Val Ser Leu Val Gln
His Trp 195 200 205Gly Gln Met Lys
His Tyr Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Leu Arg Ala Gln 210
215 220Cys Thr Val Leu Lys Ser Leu Ala Thr Phe Phe Ile
Phe Phe Thr Ser225 230 235
240Tyr Phe Leu Thr Ile Val Val Ser Phe Ile Gly Thr Val Phe Asp Lys
245 250 255Lys Ser Trp Phe Trp
Val Cys Glu Ala Val Ile Tyr Gly Leu Val Cys 260
265 270Ile His Phe Thr Ser Leu Met Met Ser Asn Pro Thr
Leu Lys Lys Ala 275 280 285Leu Arg
Leu Gln Phe Trp Ser Pro Glu Ser Ser 290
2956914DNARattus sp.rat T2R03, GR03 or SF03 (3'UTR not finished)
separated from SEQ ID NO93 by intervening sequence (IVS) 6gcatggtgcc
aacccaagtc accatcttct ctatcatcat gtatgtgctt gagtccttag 60tcataattgt
gcaaagttgc acaacggttg cagtgctgtt cagagagtgg atgcactttc 120aaagactgtc
gccggtggaa ataattctca tcagcctggg catttcacat ttctgtctac 180agtggacatc
gatgctgtac aactttggta cctactctag gcctgtcctt ttattttgga 240aggtatcggt
cgtctgggag ttcatgaacg ttttgacatt ctggctaacc agtttgcttg 300ctgtcctcta
ctgtgtcaag gtctcttcct tctctcaccc cgtcttcctc tggctgaggt 360tgaaaatttt
gaaactggtt ctctggttgc tattgggcgc tctgatagct tcttgtttgt 420caatcatccc
ttctgttgtt aaatatcata tccagatgga attactcacc ctagatcatt 480tacccaaaaa
cagttctttg attctaagac tgcaaatgtt cgagtggtat ttttctaatc 540ctttcaaaat
gattgggttt ggcgttcctt tcctcgtgtt cctgatttct atcatcttac 600tcacagtctc
gctggtccag cattgggggc agatgaaaca ctacagcagc agcagctcca 660gcctgagagc
tcagtgcact gttctgaagt ctcttgccac cttcttcatc ttcttcacat 720cctattttct
gactatagtc gtctccttta ttggcaccgt gtttgataag aagtcatggt 780tctgggtctg
cgaagctgtc atctatggtt tagtctgtat tcacttcact tccctgatga 840tgagcaaccc
tacactgaaa aaagcactca ggttgcagtt ctggagccca gagtcttcct 900aaggcaggga
attc
9147310PRTRattus sp.rat T2R04, GR04 or SF04 7Met Leu Ser Ala Ala Glu Gly
Ile Leu Leu Cys Val Val Thr Ser Glu1 5 10
15Ala Val Leu Gly Val Leu Gly Asp Thr Phe Ile Ala Leu
Ala Asn Cys 20 25 30Met Glu
Tyr Ala Lys Asn Lys Lys Leu Ser Lys Ile Gly Phe Ile Leu 35
40 45Ile Gly Leu Ala Ile Ser Arg Ile Gly Val
Val Trp Ile Ile Ile Leu 50 55 60Gln
Gly Tyr Met Gln Val Phe Phe Pro His Ile Leu Thr Phe Gly Asn65
70 75 80Ile Thr Glu Tyr Ile Thr
Tyr Ile Trp Val Phe Leu Asn His Leu Ser 85
90 95Val Trp Phe Ala Thr Asn Leu Asn Ile Leu Tyr Phe
Leu Lys Ile Ala 100 105 110Asn
Phe Ser Asn Ser Val Phe Leu Trp Leu Lys Ser Arg Val Arg Val 115
120 125Val Phe Ile Phe Leu Ser Gly Cys Leu
Leu Thr Ser Trp Leu Leu Cys 130 135
140Phe Pro Gln Phe Ser Lys Met Leu Asn Asn Ser Lys Met Tyr Trp Gly145
150 155 160Asn Thr Ser Trp
Leu Gln Gln Gln Lys Asn Val Phe Leu Ile Asn Gln 165
170 175Ser Leu Thr Asn Leu Gly Ile Phe Phe Phe
Ile Ile Val Ser Leu Ile 180 185
190Thr Cys Phe Leu Leu Ile Val Phe Leu Trp Arg His Ile Arg Gln Met
195 200 205His Ser Asp Gly Ser Gly Leu
Arg Asp Leu Asn Thr Glu Ala His Val 210 215
220Lys Ala Met Arg Val Leu Ile Ser Phe Ala Val Leu Phe Ile Leu
His225 230 235 240Phe Val
Gly Leu Ser Ile Gln Val Leu Cys Phe Phe Leu Pro Gln Asn
245 250 255Asn Leu Leu Phe Ile Thr Gly
Leu Ile Ala Thr Cys Leu Tyr Pro Cys 260 265
270Gly His Ser Ile Ile Leu Ile Leu Gly Asn Lys Gln Leu Lys
Gln Ala 275 280 285Ser Leu Lys Ala
Leu Gln Leu Gln His Leu Thr Cys Cys Glu Thr Lys 290
295 300Arg Asn Leu Ser Val Thr305
31081540DNARattus sp.rat T2R04, GR04 or SF04 sequence (3'UTR not
finished) approximately 1100 bp 5' to SEQ ID NO92 8tggttccatc acatgacaat
aggcttgaaa aacttgcaga tagagaagac ataacccctc 60caacaagaag ccaacatatg
ggacattctc cagcagataa tttataacag atgcaacggg 120agcaacttcg agatctgcaa
agatgctgag tgcagcagaa ggcatcctcc tttgtgttgt 180cactagtgag gcagtgctgg
gggttttagg agacacattc attgcacttg caaactgcat 240ggagtatgcc aagaacaaga
agctctctaa gattggtttc attctcattg gcttggcgat 300ttccagaatt ggtgtcgtat
ggataataat tttacagggg tatatgcaag tattttttcc 360acacatactt acctttggaa
acataactga atatattact tacatatggg tgtttctcaa 420tcacttaagt gtctggtttg
ctaccaacct caatatcctc tactttctaa agatagcaaa 480tttttccaac tctgtatttc
tctggctgaa aagtagagtc cgtgtggttt ttatctttct 540gtcaggatgc ttacttacct
cgtggttact atgttttcca caattttcaa agatgcttaa 600caacagtaaa atgtactggg
gaaacacgtc ttggctccag cagcagaaaa atgtcttcct 660tattaaccaa agtttaacca
atctgggaat cttctttttc attattgtat ccctgattac 720ctgcttcctg ttgattgttt
tcctctggag acacatcagg caaatgcact cagatggttc 780aggactcaga gacctcaaca
cagaagctca tgtgaaagcc atgagagttc taatatcttt 840tgcggtactc tttatcctgc
atttcgtagg tctttccata caagtgctat gcttttttct 900gccacaaaac aacctactct
ttataactgg tttgatagcc acatgcctct atccctgtgg 960tcactcaatc atcttaattc
taggaaacaa gcagctgaag caagcctcct tgaaggcact 1020gcagcactta acgtgctgtg
agacaaaaag aaatctctca gtcacataaa tgggtttgcc 1080aattaatatc tgccatgtta
ttccactgat ttttacctgt tagtttctct gtgtctctgt 1140ttagtttctg tttccatgat
ctgtccattg atgagcgtgg ggtgttgaaa tctccgacta 1200ttgttgtgtg agatgaaatg
tgtgctttga gctttagtaa gatttctttt gtgaatgtag 1260gtgcttttgc atttggtgca
tagatattta agattgagag ttcagcttgg tggatttttc 1320ctttgatgaa tatgaagtgt
ccttgcttat cttttttgat gacttttgat tgaacgtcaa 1380ttttattgga tattagattg
gcaactcaag attgcttctt gaggtcattt gcttggaaag 1440ttgtttttca gccatttact
ctgaggtagt gtctgtcttt gtctctgagg tgtgtttcct 1500gcattcagca aaatgctggg
tcctctttac atatccagtt 15409224PRTRattus sp.rat
T2R05, GR05 or SF05 9Met Leu Gly Ala Met Glu Gly Val Leu Leu Ser Val Ala
Thr Ser Glu1 5 10 15Ala
Leu Leu Gly Ile Val Gly Asn Thr Phe Ile Ala Leu Val Asn Cys 20
25 30Met Asp Cys Thr Arg Asn Lys Asn
Leu Tyr Asn Ile Gly Phe Ile Leu 35 40
45Thr Gly Leu Ala Ile Ser Arg Ile Cys Leu Val Trp Ile Leu Ile Thr
50 55 60Glu Ala Tyr Ile Lys Ile Phe Ser
Pro Gln Leu Leu Ser Pro Ile Asn65 70 75
80Ile Ile Glu Leu Ile Ser Tyr Leu Trp Ile Ile Thr Ser
Gln Leu Asn 85 90 95Val
Trp Phe Ala Thr Ser Leu Ser Ile Phe Tyr Phe Leu Lys Ile Ala
100 105 110Asn Phe Ser His His Ile Phe
Leu Trp Leu Lys Arg Arg Ile Asn Ile 115 120
125Val Phe Ala Phe Leu Ile Gly Cys Leu Leu Met Ser Trp Leu Phe
Ser 130 135 140Phe Pro Val Val Val Lys
Met Val Lys Asp Lys Lys Met Leu Tyr Ile145 150
155 160Asn Ser Ser Trp Gln Ile His Met Lys Lys Ser
Glu Leu Ile Ile Asn 165 170
175Tyr Val Phe Thr Asn Gly Gly Val Phe Leu Leu Phe Ile Ile Met Val
180 185 190Ile Gly Cys Phe Leu Leu
Ile Ile Ser Leu Trp Arg His Ser Lys Trp 195 200
205Met Gln Ser Asn Glu Ser Gly Phe Arg Asp Leu Asn Thr Glu
Val His 210 215 22010819DNARattus
sp.rat T2R05, GR05 or SF05 10aagagatttc agatactacc acaaacattt tttaaatata
tgtaagtctt taaagaaaga 60agggaaagcc actcctttat tgagcagcca atagattgcc
atcttaaaat tctgtggcag 120aagctatttt aaagatctgc gaagatgctg ggtgcaatgg
aaggtgtcct cctttcagtt 180gcaactagtg aggctttgct tggcattgta gggaacacat
tcattgcact tgtgaactgc 240atggactgta ccaggaacaa gaatctctat aatattggct
tcattctcac tggcttggca 300atttccagaa tctgcctcgt gtggatctta atcacagagg
catacataaa aatattctct 360ccacagttgc tgtctcctat caacataatt gaactcatca
gttatctatg gataattacc 420agtcaattga atgtttggtt tgctaccagc ctcagtatct
tttatttcct caagatagca 480aatttttccc accacatatt tctctggtta aaaagaagaa
ttaatatagt ttttgccttc 540ctgatagggt gcttacttat gtcatggcta ttttctttcc
cagtagttgt gaagatggtt 600aaagataaaa aaatgctgta tataaactca tcttggcaaa
tccacatgaa gaaaagtgag 660ttaatcatta actatgtttt caccaatggg ggagtatttt
tactttttat aataatggta 720attggatgtt ttctcttaat tatttccctt tggagacaca
gcaagtggat gcaatcaaat 780gaatcaggat tcagagatct caacacagaa gttcatgtg
8191177PRTMus sp.mouse T2R01, GR01 or SF01 11Met
Leu Arg His Cys Ser Lys Glu Asn Glu Cys Leu Gly Asp Gly Phe1
5 10 15Ile Gly Phe Val Asn Cys Met
Asp Trp Val Lys Arg Arg Lys Leu Phe 20 25
30Leu Val Asn Gln Leu Leu Thr Leu Leu Val Ile Ser Arg Ile
Thr Val 35 40 45Leu Xaa Val Leu
Leu Leu Asn Cys Trp Leu Tyr Asn Xaa Tyr Phe Phe 50 55
60Phe Thr Val Asn Ser Tyr Phe Xaa Xaa Phe Tyr Lys Asn65
70 7512427DNAMus sp.mouse T2R01, GR01 or
SF01 12gaattcaatt tttctttcct ctgtaacaga aggtcataca taactcctgt gtatgaagta
60catattgtaa agaaggttca gcttattact gaatgtgttc attttcataa tggaaaacat
120aattgagttt tcatgaagca gatactactc atatttagat gaactaatta agtaatattc
180atcaggaatg actgatgttg agacattgtt ctaaggagaa tgagtgtttg ggagatggat
240ttataggatt tgtgaactgc atggactggg tcaagagaag aaagctcttt ttggtgaatc
300aactcctcac tcttctggtc atctccagaa tcactgtcct ctgagtacta cttctaaatt
360gttggctata taactaatat ttttttttta ctgtaaactc ttatttttga tgattctata
420agaattc
42713209PRTMus sp.mouse T2R02, GR02 or SF02 13Asn Ser Ser Ser Val Pro Gly
Asp Pro Leu Glu Ser Thr Cys Arg His1 5 10
15Ala Ser Leu Val Phe Leu Leu Gly Asn Leu Met Gln Ser
Met Leu Glu 20 25 30Glu Arg
Phe Tyr Gln Tyr Gly Arg Asn Thr Ser Val Asn Thr Met Ser 35
40 45Asn Asp Leu Ala Met Trp Thr Glu Leu Ile
Phe Phe Asn Met Ala Met 50 55 60Phe
Ser Val Ile Pro Phe Thr Leu Ala Leu Ile Ser Phe Leu Leu Leu65
70 75 80Ile Phe Ser Leu Trp Lys
His Leu Gln Lys Met Gln Leu Ile Ser Arg 85
90 95Arg His Arg Asp Pro Ser Thr Lys Ala His Met Asn
Ala Leu Arg Ile 100 105 110Met
Val Ser Phe Leu Leu Leu Tyr Thr Met His Phe Leu Ser Leu Leu 115
120 125Ile Ser Trp Ile Ala Gln Lys His Gln
Ser Glu Leu Ala Asp Ile Ile 130 135
140Gly Met Ile Thr Glu Leu Met Tyr Pro Ser Val His Ser Cys Ile Leu145
150 155 160Ile Leu Gly Asn
Ser Lys Leu Lys Gln Thr Ser Leu Cys Met Leu Arg 165
170 175His Leu Arg Cys Arg Leu Lys Gly Glu Asn
Ile Thr Ile Ala Tyr Ser 180 185
190Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Phe Cys Val Phe Cys Val Ala Asn Lys Ser Met
195 200 205Arg141361DNAMus sp.mouse
T2R02, GR02 or SF02 14ggaattcgag ctcggtaccc ggggatcctc tagagtcgac
ctgcaggcat gcaagcttgg 60tgttcttgct tggaaatctg atgcaaagca tgcttgaaga
gaggttctat caatatggaa 120ggaacacaag tgtgaatacc atgagcaatg accttgcaat
gtggaccgag ctgatctttt 180tcaacatggc tatgttctct gtaataccat ttacattggc
cttgatttct tttctcctgc 240taatcttctc tttgtggaaa catctccaga agatgcagct
catttccaga agacacagag 300accctagcac caaggcccac atgaatgcct tgagaattat
ggtgtccttc ctcttgctct 360ataccatgca tttcctgtct cttcttatat catggattgc
tcaaaagcat cagagtgaac 420tggctgatat tattggtatg ataactgaac tcatgtatcc
ttcagtccat tcatgtatcc 480tgattctagg aaattctaaa ttaaagcaga cttctctttg
tatgctgagg catttgagat 540gtaggctgaa aggagagaat atcacaattg catatagcaa
ccaaataact agcttttgtg 600tattctgtgt tgcaaacaaa tctatgaggt agttgttcaa
ggaatccttc cttgacttat 660tgtatcatgg aagtcatatg ggggagtctg aaagagctgt
cttctgtaag caaggtttgt 720atacactagt ggggctggga caccaaccca agcacaaaac
ctagctataa cctatcctgg 780ctgcaggata tgctggaaca atggtggctt ggaaattgtg
ggactggcaa agcaatagct 840agtctaactt gaggcccatt ccacagcagg aagctcatgc
ccacctctgc ctggatggcc 900aggaagcaaa atcttgatgg ccccaagacc tatggtaaac
tgaacactac tggaaaaaga 960aagactcgtg ttaatgatct atcaaatatt tcctaatgat
attctgataa actcatatat 1020tagtccctgt cctaatcatc atcactggga ctccttccca
gcacctgatg ggagcagata 1080gagatctaca tccaaatagt aagtgtatct tggggaactc
cacttaagaa tagaaggaac 1140aattatgaga gccagagtga tccagaacac taggatcaca
gaatcaacta agcagcatgc 1200ataggggtta atggagactg aagtggcaat cacagagcct
gcataggtct acactaagtc 1260ctctgtgtat atactgtggc tgtttagctt aggaattttg
ttggactcct aacaatggat 1320aaggaattct gcagatatcc atcacactgc cgcccgtcga g
136115266PRTMus sp.mouse T2R03, GR03 or SF03 15Ala
Val Asp Lys Thr Tyr Met Ala Leu Ala Ile Ser Arg Thr Ala Phe1
5 10 15Leu Leu Ser Leu Ile Thr Gly
Phe Leu Val Ser Leu Leu Asp Pro Ala 20 25
30Leu Leu Gly Met Arg Thr Met Val Arg Leu Leu Thr Ile Ser
Trp Met 35 40 45Val Thr Asn His
Phe Ser Val Trp Phe Ala Thr Cys Leu Ser Ile Phe 50 55
60Tyr Phe Leu Lys Ile Ala Asn Phe Ser Asn Ser Ile Phe
Leu Val Leu65 70 75
80Lys Trp Glu Ala Lys Lys Val Val Ser Val Thr Leu Val Val Ser Val
85 90 95Ile Ile Leu Ile Met Asn
Ile Ile Val Ile Asn Lys Phe Thr Asp Arg 100
105 110Leu Gln Val Asn Thr Leu Gln Asn Cys Ser Thr Ser
Asn Thr Leu Lys 115 120 125Asp Tyr
Gly Leu Phe Leu Phe Ile Ser Thr Gly Phe Thr Leu Thr Pro 130
135 140Phe Ala Val Ser Leu Thr Met Phe Leu Leu Leu
Ile Phe Ser Leu Trp145 150 155
160Arg His Leu Lys Asn Met Cys His Ser Ala Thr Gly Ser Arg Asp Val
165 170 175Ser Thr Val Ala
His Ile Lys Gly Leu Gln Thr Val Val Thr Phe Leu 180
185 190Leu Leu Tyr Thr Ala Phe Val Met Ser Leu Leu
Ser Glu Ser Leu Asn 195 200 205Ile
Asn Ile Gln His Thr Asn Leu Leu Ser His Phe Leu Arg Ser Ile 210
215 220Gly Val Ala Phe Pro Thr Gly His Ser Cys
Val Leu Ile Leu Gly Asn225 230 235
240Ser Lys Leu Arg Gln Ala Ser Leu Ser Val Ile Leu Trp Leu Arg
Tyr 245 250 255Lys Tyr Lys
His Ile Glu Asn Trp Gly Pro 260
265161739DNAMus sp.mouse T2R03, GR03 or SF03 16ctgcagtgga taagacctat
atggccctgg ccatctccag gactgctttt ttattgtcac 60taatcacagg gttcttggta
tcattattgg acccagcttt attgggaatg agaacgatgg 120taaggctcct tactatttcc
tggatggtga ccaatcattt cagtgtctgg tttgcaacat 180gcctcagtat cttttatttt
ctcaagatag ctaatttctc aaattctatt ttccttgttc 240tcaaatggga agctaaaaaa
gtggtatcag tgacattggt ggtatctgtg ataatcttga 300tcatgaacat tatagtcata
aacaaattca ctgacagact tcaagtaaac acactccaga 360actgtagtac aagtaacact
ttaaaagatt atgggctctt tttattcatt agcactgggt 420ttacactcac cccattcgct
gtgtctttga caatgtttct tctgctcatc ttctccctgt 480ggagacatct gaagaatatg
tgtcacagtg ccacaggctc cagagatgtc agcacagtgg 540cccacataaa aggcttgcaa
actgtggtaa ccttcctgtt actatatact gcttttgtta 600tgtcacttct ttcagagtct
ttgaatatta acattcaaca tacaaatctt ctttctcatt 660ttttacggag tataggagta
gcttttccca caggccactc ctgtgtactg attcttggaa 720acagtaagct gaggcaagcc
tctctttctg tgatattgtg gctgaggtat aagtacaaac 780atatagagaa ttggggcccc
taaatcatat cagggatcct tttccacatt ctagaaaaaa 840atcagttaat aagaacagga
atttaggaag gaatctgaaa ttatgaatct cataggccat 900gaaccttcag acaaaggatt
cattagagag atagagagag aacattgtta tctgtaactc 960gacaggcaac actgtagatt
atgaaaataa atgtcagtct gtaatggaaa gcaaaacatg 1020ctatatttta ttaattggtt
ttggtttaag gtcgggatan gagantaagg gagtggtgga 1080agggttgtgg catgaggaat
ggcctaaggc tagctgattc attgaacccg agatgagaac 1140aaaatggtct agagtctgac
tataggggtg ctccagttgn ccatggcttt cctggataan 1200angccctgca ggnccatngn
gactagttca tgtataatac aatagtggat aattgttgtg 1260tatnaatgtc cttttccttg
aatcttgctg tctgnaaaag ccncaggagt gagaagaact 1320atggtgaatg aaagatggat
ggaaaaggga aaacaagact gaaagggtgc aggttgattt 1380aatgacaatg gatgcttatt
tgtgtaaatt tatcctttgt aaacatgttt cagtcatgtg 1440taactttatg aagtttaggc
aattctatgt agatgaataa gtatccaaac acagtcgagc 1500cctatagaaa aggagaaatt
atggacattg acagagaagt aaaatatagg tttggcctat 1560cttttattgg gcatacagat
attgttatcc catgtttcag gtaaagatca acttagaaaa 1620ttaaaaaaaa aaatcagtgc
caaatagcaa gtgtgtttac ctactgaatt atcgtcttcc 1680tctttaggta gtcaggaaaa
cagaactaat gcaacagtct tgtcttcttt cctctgcag 173917300PRTMus sp.mouse
T2R04, GR04 or SF04 17Met Leu Ser Ala Leu Glu Ser Ile Leu Leu Ser Val Ala
Thr Ser Glu1 5 10 15Ala
Met Leu Gly Val Leu Gly Asn Thr Phe Ile Val Leu Val Asn Tyr 20
25 30Thr Asp Trp Val Arg Asn Lys Lys
Leu Ser Lys Ile Asn Phe Ile Leu 35 40
45Thr Gly Leu Ala Ile Ser Arg Ile Phe Thr Ile Trp Ile Ile Thr Leu
50 55 60Asp Ala Tyr Thr Lys Val Phe Leu
Leu Thr Met Leu Met Pro Ser Ser65 70 75
80Leu His Glu Cys Met Ser Tyr Ile Trp Val Ile Ile Asn
His Leu Ser 85 90 95Val
Trp Phe Ser Thr Ser Leu Gly Ile Phe Tyr Phe Leu Lys Ile Ala
100 105 110Asn Phe Ser His Tyr Ile Phe
Leu Trp Met Lys Arg Arg Ala Asp Lys 115 120
125Val Phe Val Phe Leu Ile Val Phe Leu Ile Ile Thr Trp Leu Ala
Ser 130 135 140Phe Pro Leu Ala Val Lys
Val Ile Lys Asp Val Lys Ile Tyr Gln Ser145 150
155 160Asn Thr Ser Trp Leu Ile His Leu Glu Lys Ser
Glu Leu Leu Ile Asn 165 170
175Tyr Val Phe Ala Asn Met Gly Pro Ile Ser Leu Phe Ile Val Ala Ile
180 185 190Ile Ala Cys Phe Leu Leu
Thr Ile Ser Leu Trp Arg His Ser Arg Gln 195 200
205Met Gln Ser Ile Gly Ser Gly Phe Arg Asp Leu Asn Thr Glu
Ala His 210 215 220Met Lys Ala Met Lys
Val Leu Ile Ala Phe Ile Ile Leu Phe Ile Leu225 230
235 240Tyr Phe Leu Gly Ile Leu Ile Glu Thr Leu
Cys Leu Phe Leu Thr Asn 245 250
255Asn Lys Leu Leu Phe Ile Phe Gly Phe Thr Leu Ser Ala Met Tyr Pro
260 265 270Cys Cys His Ser Phe
Ile Leu Ile Leu Thr Ser Arg Glu Leu Lys Gln 275
280 285Asp Thr Met Arg Ala Leu Gln Arg Leu Lys Met Leu
290 295 300181532DNAMus sp.mouse T2R04,
GR04 or SF04 18ctgcagcagg taaatcacac cagatccagc agaagccttc ttggaaattg
gcagagatgc 60tgagtgcact ggaaagcatc ctcctttctg ttgccactag tgaagccatg
ctgggagttt 120tagggaacac atttattgta cttgtaaact acacagactg ggtcaggaat
aagaaactct 180ctaagattaa ctttattctc actggcttag caatttccag gatttttacc
atatggataa 240taactttaga tgcatataca aaggttttcc ttctgactat gcttatgccg
agcagtctac 300atgaatgcat gagttacata tgggtaatta ttaaccatct gagcgtttgg
tttagcacca 360gcctcggcat cttttatttt ctgaagatag caaatttttc ccactacata
tttctctgga 420tgaagagaag agctgataaa gtttttgtct ttctaattgt attcttaatt
ataacgtggc 480tagcttcctt tccgctagct gtgaaggtca ttaaagatgt taaaatatat
cagagcaaca 540catcctggct gatccacctg gagaagagtg agttacttat aaactatgtt
tttgccaata 600tggggcccat ttccctcttt attgtagcca taattgcttg tttcttgtta
accatttccc 660tttggagaca cagcaggcag atgcaatcca ttggatcagg attcagagat
ctcaacacag 720aagctcacat gaaagccatg aaagttttaa ttgcatttat catcctcttt
atcttatatt 780ttttgggtat tctcatagaa acattatgct tgtttcttac aaacaataaa
cttctcttta 840tttttggctt cactttgtca gccatgtatc cctgttgcca ttcctttatc
ctaattctaa 900caagcaggga gctgaagcaa gacactatga gggcactgca gagattaaaa
atgctgtgag 960actttgacan agaaatgaat gttctggcac agttcaagca gggaatccct
ggagcccttt 1020ccattcccac tatgttctca cactgtcttt agttgaattg ttaaaagttt
ttgaaacctt 1080tggcaactga ttgactgcag ctacgccagt gtaagatttt catagtaaga
gcaaacattg 1140aaaataagac ttctcagtct tatttcattg agtttctaaa gcattgacac
ccattcacca 1200gaaaaaccaa aggggaagag aggagttttc agacatgtgt gatgaatctt
gatatttagg 1260acatggaatt gaggagccag agggatgcta ccgtgtgtct acagctttgt
ttgttaaata 1320gctacttttc ctttcccagt tagttaaagt agatgcttgg agtagtggtg
aaaatcatgg 1380cagtagatgg gatctgtggg aagtggttga ggaagcaggc tgtttctgaa
cgaagagacc 1440agaggactga ttgaactggt cattgtgtat atcaaaaata gtgatttcag
atgaagccaa 1500gttgtagagc aaagatatct gaggaagaat tc
153219300PRTMus musculusmouse T2R05, GR05 or SF05 19Met Leu
Ser Ala Ala Glu Gly Ile Leu Leu Ser Ile Ala Thr Val Glu1 5
10 15Ala Gly Leu Gly Val Leu Gly Asn
Thr Phe Ile Ala Leu Val Asn Cys 20 25
30Met Asp Trp Ala Lys Asn Asn Lys Leu Ser Met Thr Gly Phe Leu
Leu 35 40 45Ile Gly Leu Ala Thr
Ser Arg Ile Phe Ile Val Trp Leu Leu Thr Leu 50 55
60Asp Ala Tyr Ala Lys Leu Phe Tyr Pro Ser Lys Tyr Phe Ser
Ser Ser65 70 75 80Leu
Ile Glu Ile Ile Ser Tyr Ile Trp Met Thr Val Asn His Leu Thr
85 90 95Val Trp Phe Ala Thr Ser Leu
Ser Ile Phe Tyr Phe Leu Lys Ile Ala 100 105
110Asn Phe Ser Asp Cys Val Phe Leu Trp Leu Lys Arg Arg Thr
Asp Lys 115 120 125Ala Phe Val Phe
Leu Leu Gly Cys Leu Leu Thr Ser Trp Val Ile Ser 130
135 140Phe Ser Phe Val Val Lys Val Met Lys Asp Gly Lys
Val Asn His Arg145 150 155
160Asn Arg Thr Ser Glu Met Tyr Trp Glu Lys Arg Gln Phe Thr Ile Asn
165 170 175Tyr Val Phe Leu Asn
Ile Gly Val Ile Ser Leu Phe Met Met Thr Leu 180
185 190Thr Ala Cys Phe Leu Leu Ile Met Ser Leu Trp Arg
His Ser Arg Gln 195 200 205Met Gln
Ser Gly Val Ser Gly Phe Arg Asp Leu Asn Thr Glu Ala His 210
215 220Val Lys Ala Ile Lys Phe Leu Ile Ser Phe Ile
Ile Leu Phe Val Leu225 230 235
240Tyr Phe Ile Gly Val Ser Ile Glu Ile Ile Cys Ile Phe Ile Pro Glu
245 250 255Asn Lys Leu Leu
Phe Ile Phe Gly Phe Thr Thr Ala Ser Ile Tyr Pro 260
265 270Cys Cys His Ser Phe Ile Leu Ile Leu Ser Asn
Ser Gln Leu Lys Gln 275 280 285Ala
Phe Val Lys Val Leu Gln Gly Leu Lys Phe Phe 290 295
300201084DNAMus sp.mouse T2R05, GR05 or SF05 20ctgcagcaga
tctactatag atgcaacaga tacaacttga gggacctgga gatatgctga 60gtgcggcaga
aggcatcctc ctttccattg caactgttga agctgggctg ggagttttag 120ggaacacatt
tattgcactg gtaaactgca tggactgggc caagaacaat aagctttcta 180tgactggctt
ccttctcatc ggcttagcaa cttccaggat ttttattgtg tggctattaa 240ctttagatgc
atatgcaaag ctattctatc caagtaagta tttttctagt agtctgattg 300aaatcatctc
ttatatatgg atgactgtga atcacctgac tgtctggttt gccaccagcc 360taagcatctt
ctatttcctg aagatagcca atttttccga ctgtgtattt ctctggttga 420agaggagaac
ggataaagct tttgtttttc tcttggggtg tttgctaact tcatgggtaa 480tctccttctc
atttgttgtg aaggtgatga aggacggtaa agtgaatcat agaaacagga 540cctcggagat
gtactgggag aaaaggcaat tcactattaa ctacgttttc ctcaatattg 600gagtcatttc
tctctttatg atgaccttaa ctgcatgttt cttgttaatt atgtcacttt 660ggagacacag
caggcagatg cagtctggtg tttcaggatt cagagacctc aacacagaag 720ctcatgtgaa
agccataaaa tttttaattt catttatcat ccttttcgtc ttgtatttta 780taggtgtttc
aatagaaatt atctgcatat ttataccaga aaacaaactg ctatttattt 840ttggtttcac
aactgcatcc atatatcctt gctgtcactc atttattcta attctatcta 900acagccagct
aaagcaagcc tttgtaaagg tactgcaagg attaaagttc ttttagaaaa 960gaaaagctct
cagggtcaca tgcgtctgaa acagaaatgc gtaatttaga ataataatga 1020gggaatcata
aaagtctttt tcatgtgcac agtgttcttt gcattgggtt tggggaagat 1080gtaa
108421155PRTMus
sp.mouse T2R06, GR06 or SF06 21Met Leu Thr Val Ala Glu Gly Ile Leu Leu
Cys Phe Val Thr Ser Gly1 5 10
15Ser Val Leu Gly Val Leu Gly Asn Gly Phe Ile Leu His Ala Asn Tyr
20 25 30Ile Asn Cys Val Arg Lys
Lys Phe Ser Thr Ala Gly Phe Ile Leu Thr 35 40
45Gly Leu Ala Ile Cys Arg Ile Phe Val Ile Cys Ile Ile Ile
Ser Asp 50 55 60Gly Tyr Leu Lys Leu
Phe Ser Pro His Met Val Ala Ser Asp Ala His65 70
75 80Ile Ile Val Ile Ser Tyr Ile Trp Val Ile
Ile Asn His Thr Ser Ile 85 90
95Trp Phe Ala Thr Ser Leu Asn Leu Phe Tyr Leu Leu Lys Ile Ala Asn
100 105 110Phe Ser His Tyr Ile
Phe Phe Cys Leu Lys Arg Arg Ile Asn Thr Val 115
120 125Phe Ile Phe Leu Leu Gly Cys Leu Phe Ile Ser Trp
Ser Ile Ala Phe 130 135 140Pro Gln Thr
Val Lys Ile Phe Asn Val Lys Lys145 150
15522538DNAMus sp.mouse T2R06, GR06 or SF06 22ctgcagcagg taaaaaaaaa
aaagctaaaa tagttatagt tgcagcagaa gcaacgttag 60ggatctgtag agatgctgac
tgtagcagaa ggaatcctcc tttgttttgt aactagtggt 120tcagtcctgg gagttctagg
aaatggattt atcctgcatg caaactacat taactgtgtc 180agaaagaagt tctccacagc
tggctttatt ctcacaggct tggctatttg cagaatcttt 240gtcatatgta taataatctc
tgatggatat ttaaaattgt tttctccaca tatggttgcc 300tctgatgccc acattatagt
gatttcttac atatgggtaa ttatcaatca tacaagtata 360tggtttgcca ccagcctcaa
cctcttctat ctcctgaaga tagcaaattt ttctcactac 420atcttcttct gcttgaagag
aagaatcaat acagtattta tctttctcct gggatgctta 480tttatatcat ggtcaattgc
tttcccacaa acagtgaaga tatttaatgt taaaaagc 53823173PRTMus sp.mouse
T2R07, GR07 or SF07 23Asn Ser Ala Glu Gly Ile Leu Leu Cys Val Val Thr Ser
Glu Ala Val1 5 10 15Leu
Gly Val Leu Gly Asp Thr Tyr Ile Ala Leu Phe Asn Cys Met Asp 20
25 30Tyr Ala Lys Asn Lys Lys Leu Ser
Lys Ile Gly Phe Ile Leu Ile Gly 35 40
45Leu Ala Ile Ser Arg Ile Gly Val Val Trp Ile Ile Ile Leu Gln Gly
50 55 60Tyr Ile Gln Val Phe Phe Pro His
Met Leu Thr Ser Gly Asn Ile Thr65 70 75
80Glu Tyr Ile Thr Tyr Ile Trp Val Phe Leu Asn His Leu
Ser Val Trp 85 90 95Phe
Val Thr Asn Leu Asn Ile Leu Tyr Phe Leu Lys Ile Ala Asn Phe
100 105 110Ser Asn Ser Val Phe Leu Trp
Leu Lys Arg Arg Val Asn Ala Val Phe 115 120
125Ile Phe Leu Ser Gly Cys Leu Leu Thr Ser Trp Leu Leu Cys Phe
Pro 130 135 140Gln Met Thr Lys Ile Leu
Gln Asn Ser Lys Met His Gln Arg Asn Thr145 150
155 160Ser Trp Ala Thr Ser Gly Lys Ile Leu Leu Leu
Pro Lys 165 17024520DNAMus sp.mouse T2R07,
GR07 or SF07 24gaattcagca gaaggcatcc tcctttgtgt tgtcactagt gaggctgtgc
tcggagtttt 60aggggacaca tatattgcac tttttaactg catggactat gctaagaaca
agaagctctc 120taagatcggt ttcattctca ttggcttggc gatttccaga attggtgttg
tatggataat 180aattttacaa gggtatatac aagtattttt tccacacatg cttacctctg
gaaacataac 240tgaatatatt acttacatat gggtatttct caatcactta agtgtctggt
ttgtcaccaa 300cctcaacatc ctctactttc taaagatagc taatttttcc aactctgtat
ttctctggct 360gaaaaggaga gtcaatgcag tttttatctt tctgtcagga tgcttactta
cctcatggtt 420actatgtttt ccacaaatga caaagatact tcaaaatagt aaaatgcacc
agagaaacac 480atcttgggcc accagcggaa aaatacttct attaccaaag
5202594PRTMus sp.mouse T2R08, GR08 or SF08 25Met Leu Trp Glu
Leu Tyr Val Phe Val Phe Ala Ala Ser Val Phe Leu1 5
10 15Asn Phe Val Gly Ile Ile Ala Asn Leu Phe
Ile Ile Val Ile Ile Ile 20 25
30Lys Thr Trp Val Asn Ser Arg Arg Ile Ala Ser Pro Asp Arg Ile Leu
35 40 45Phe Ser Leu Ala Ile Thr Arg Phe
Leu Thr Leu Gly Leu Phe Leu Leu 50 55
60Asn Ser Val Tyr Ile Ala Thr Asn Thr Gly Arg Ser Ser Leu Leu Phe65
70 75 80His Ile Phe Ser Ile
Val Leu Glu Val Ser Gly Cys Lys Gln 85
9026825DNAMus sp.mouse T2R08, GR08 or SF08 26ggcattccta agaaaataag
aacaggagtg aagaaatagt aatttaatcc ttgaaagatt 60tgcatctcag taaaagcagc
tgcctcttag accagaaatg gtgtttgcca tgctggaaaa 120taaaaaggag acctctttcc
aggctgcatc ctgtgtctgc ttacttattt cagtttgttt 180tcatcggcac caaacgagga
aagatgctct gggaactgta tgtatttgtg tttgctgcct 240cggttttttt aaattttgta
ggaatcattg caaatctatt tattatagtg ataattatta 300agacttgggt caacagtcgc
agaattgcct ctccggatag gatcctgttc agcttggcca 360tcactagatt cctgactttg
gggttgtttc tactgaacag tgtctacatt gctacaaata 420ctggaaggtc aagtctactt
ttccacattt tttctattgt gttggaagtt tctggatgca 480aacagtctct ggttagtgac
cattctgaac agcttgtatt gtgtgaaara tactaatttt 540caacacccag kgtttcttct
gttgaaacgg actatctcta tgaagacccc aacctgctgg 600tggcctgtct tntganttca
accctmccac tcttctatat tatatgctct cacaaawatt 660nacgttttnc tgaaccataa
ttgggagaaa wgacaccgca tttgacctca gngatggnat 720cttgacgnta gtagcccttt
gckgccgaac tccaktwtac atgnnttgtc tgtanntgct 780cannagggac ctttgcttcc
ttgtaaaaca ttcctgggna anaaa 82527115PRTMus sp.mouse
T2R09, GR09 or SF09 27Met Glu His Leu Leu Lys Arg Thr Phe Asp Ile Thr Glu
Asn Ile Leu1 5 10 15Leu
Ile Ile Leu Phe Ile Glu Leu Ile Ile Gly Leu Ile Gly Asn Gly 20
25 30Phe Thr Ala Leu Val His Cys Met
Asp Trp Val Lys Arg Lys Lys Met 35 40
45Ser Leu Val Asn Lys Ile Leu Thr Ala Leu Ala Thr Ser Arg Ile Phe
50 55 60Leu Leu Trp Phe Met Leu Val Gly
Phe Pro Ile Ser Ser Leu Tyr Pro65 70 75
80Tyr Leu Val Thr Thr Arg Leu Met Ile Gln Phe Thr Ser
Thr Leu Trp 85 90 95Thr
Ile Ala Asn His Ile Ser Val Trp Phe Ala Thr Cys Leu Ser Val
100 105 110Phe Tyr Phe
11528441DNAMus sp.mouse T2R09, GR09 or SF09 28gaattcagaa atcatcaaaa
aatcttcaaa actacatgtt taaaatagca cttcaaatga 60atacatttgc aaatctttac
aactaataca taaaatggag catcttttga agagaacatt 120tgatatcacc gagaacatac
ttctaattat tttattcatt gaattaataa ttggacttat 180aggaaacgga ttcacagcct
tggtgcactg catggactgg gttaagagaa aaaaaatgtc 240attagttaat aaaatcctca
ccgctttggc aacttctaga attttcctgc tctggttcat 300gctagtaggt tttccaatta
gctcactgta cccatattta gttactacta gactgatgat 360acagttcact agtactctat
ggactatagc taaccatatt agtgtctggt ttgctacatg 420cctcagtgtc ttttattttc t
4412968PRTMus sp.mouse
T2R10, GR10 or SF10 29Met Phe Ser Gln Ile Ile Ser Thr Ser Asp Ile Phe Thr
Phe Thr Ile1 5 10 15Ile
Leu Phe Val Glu Leu Val Ile Gly Ile Leu Gly Asn Gly Phe Ile 20
25 30Ala Leu Val Asn Ile Met Asp Trp
Thr Lys Arg Arg Ser Ile Ser Ser 35 40
45Ala Asp Gln Ile Leu Thr Ala Leu Ala Ile Thr Arg Phe Leu Tyr Val
50 55 60Trp Val Met Ile6530782DNAMus
sp.mouse T2R10, GR10 or SF10 30ctgcagaatt caacatctta ttcaacttca
gaaaactgga tattagacac agtgtctgga 60tgaagcagag gtgatctctt tgggaaaaaa
agccaagtag tcataaagaa tttatgaaac 120aattcctggg attgtttata tttgttacaa
acaaatttat atgtttgtta gtcagtaatg 180tataagtggg attttaaagc atgattatct
tgaattttta acaaaaaaca tgtagtgctt 240tttaaatgta gcagaaacat taaaaattga
agcatgttct cacagataat aagcaccagt 300gatattttta cttttacaat agatattatt
tgtggaatta gtaataggaa ttttaggaaa 360tggattcata gcactagtga atatcatgga
ctggaccaag agaagaagca tttcatcagc 420ggatcagatt ctcactgctt tggccattac
cagatttctc tatgtgtggg ttatgatcat 480ttgtatattg ttattcatgc tgngcccaca
tttgcttacc agatcagaaa tagtnacatc 540aattggtntt atttggatag ngaataacca
tttcagccgt ttggcttgcc ccatgcctcg 600gggnctttta ttttntgaag atagccaanc
tttctaaccc ctttgtttct tttaccctaa 660agggggggag gggaaaaaaa gtaagttttt
aatggataat tacanggnnt tcaatggatt 720tttnttggat ttttaaaccc cggttntncn
tttaaaccnt ggtnttggac caggntntcc 780cn
78231126PRTMus sp.mouse T2R11, GR11 or
SF11 31Lys Asn Tyr Phe Leu Ile Asn Gln Ser Val Thr Asn Leu Gly Ile Phe1
5 10 15Phe Phe Ile Ile Val
Ser Leu Ile Thr Cys Phe Leu Leu Ile Val Phe 20
25 30Leu Trp Arg His Val Arg Gln Met His Ser Asp Val
Ser Gly Phe Arg 35 40 45Asp His
Ser Thr Lys Val His Val Lys Ala Met Lys Phe Leu Ile Ser 50
55 60Phe Met Val Phe Phe Ile Leu His Phe Val Gly
Leu Ser Ile Glu Val65 70 75
80Leu Cys Phe Ile Leu Pro Gln Asn Lys Leu Leu Phe Ile Thr Gly Leu
85 90 95Thr Ala Thr Cys Leu
Tyr Pro Cys Gly His Ser Ile Ile Val Ile Leu 100
105 110Gly Asn Lys Gln Leu Lys Gln Ala Ser Leu Lys Ala
Leu Gln 115 120 12532380DNAMus
sp.mouse T2R11, GR11 or SF11 32ggaaaaatta ctttcttatt aaccaaagtg
tgaccaatct gggaatcttt ttcttcatta 60ttgtatccct gattacctgc tttctgttga
ttgttttcct ctggagacat gtcagacaaa 120tgcactcaga tgtttcagga ttcagagacc
acagcacaaa agtacatgtg aaagctatga 180aatttctaat atcttttatg gtcttcttta
ttctgcattt tgtaggcctt tccatagaag 240tgctatgctt tattctgcca caaaataaac
tgctctttat aactggtttg acagccacat 300gcctctatcc ctgcggtcac tcaatcatcg
taattttagg aaataagcag ttaaagcaag 360cctctttgaa ggcactgcag
38033180PRTMus sp.mouse T2R13, GR13 or
SF13 33Glu Phe Ile Met Gly Thr Leu Gly Asn Gly Phe Ile Phe Leu Ile Val1
5 10 15Cys Ile Asp Trp Val
Gln Arg Arg Lys Ile Ser Leu Val Asp Gln Ile 20
25 30Arg Thr Ala Leu Ala Ile Ser Arg Ile Ala Leu Ile
Trp Leu Ile Phe 35 40 45Leu Asp
Trp Trp Val Ser Val His Tyr Pro Ala Leu His Glu Thr Gly 50
55 60Lys Met Leu Ser Thr Tyr Leu Ile Ser Trp Thr
Val Ile Asn His Cys65 70 75
80Asn Phe Trp Leu Thr Ala Asn Leu Ser Ile Leu Tyr Phe Leu Lys Ile
85 90 95Ala Asn Phe Ser Asn
Ile Ile Phe Leu Tyr Leu Lys Phe Arg Ser Lys 100
105 110Asn Val Val Leu Val Thr Leu Leu Ala Ser Leu Phe
Phe Leu Phe Leu 115 120 125Asn Thr
Val Ile Ile Lys Ile Phe Ser Asp Val Cys Phe Asp Ser Val 130
135 140Gln Arg Asn Val Ser Gln Ile Phe Ile Met Tyr
Asn His Glu Gln Ile145 150 155
160Cys Lys Phe Leu Ser Phe Thr Asn Pro Met Phe Thr Phe Ile Pro Phe
165 170 175Val Tyr Val His
18034540DNAMus sp.mouse T2R13, GR13 or SF13 34gaattcataa
tgggaacctt aggaaatgga ttcatttttc tgatagtctg catagactgg 60gtccaaagaa
gaaaaatctc tttagtggat caaatccgca ctgctctggc aattagcaga 120atcgctctaa
tttggttgat attcctagat tggtgggtgt ctgttcatta cccagcatta 180catgaaactg
gtaagatgtt atcaacatat ttgatttcct ggacggtgat caatcattgt 240aacttttggc
ttactgcaaa cttgagcatc ctttattttc tcaagatagc caacttttct 300aacattattt
ttctttatct aaagtttaga tctaaaaatg tggtattagt gaccctgtta 360gcgtctctat
ttttcttgtt cttaaatact gtaattataa aaatattttc tgatgtgtgt 420tttgatagtg
ttcaaagaaa tgtgtctcaa attttcataa tgtataacca tgaacaaatt 480tgcaaatttc
tttcctttac taaccctatg ttcacattca taccttttgt ttatgtccac 54035299PRTHomo
sapienshuman T2R1, GR01 or SF01 35Met Leu Glu Ser His Leu Ile Ile Tyr Phe
Leu Leu Ala Val Ile Gln1 5 10
15Phe Leu Leu Gly Ile Phe Thr Asn Gly Ile Ile Val Val Val Asn Gly
20 25 30Ile Asp Leu Ile Lys His
Arg Lys Met Ala Pro Leu Asp Leu Leu Leu 35 40
45Ser Cys Leu Ala Val Ser Arg Ile Phe Leu Gln Leu Phe Ile
Phe Tyr 50 55 60Val Asn Val Ile Val
Ile Phe Phe Ile Glu Phe Ile Met Cys Ser Ala65 70
75 80Asn Cys Ala Ile Leu Leu Phe Ile Asn Glu
Leu Glu Leu Trp Leu Ala 85 90
95Thr Trp Leu Gly Val Phe Tyr Cys Ala Lys Val Ala Ser Val Arg His
100 105 110Pro Leu Phe Ile Trp
Leu Lys Met Arg Ile Ser Lys Leu Val Pro Trp 115
120 125Met Ile Leu Gly Ser Leu Leu Tyr Val Ser Met Ile
Cys Val Phe His 130 135 140Ser Lys Tyr
Ala Gly Phe Met Val Pro Tyr Phe Leu Arg Lys Phe Phe145
150 155 160Ser Gln Asn Ala Thr Ile Gln
Lys Glu Asp Thr Leu Ala Ile Gln Ile 165
170 175Phe Ser Phe Val Ala Glu Phe Ser Val Pro Leu Leu
Ile Phe Leu Phe 180 185 190Ala
Val Leu Leu Leu Ile Phe Ser Leu Gly Arg His Thr Arg Gln Met 195
200 205Arg Asn Thr Val Ala Gly Ser Arg Val
Pro Gly Arg Gly Ala Pro Ile 210 215
220Ser Ala Leu Leu Ser Ile Leu Ser Phe Leu Ile Leu Tyr Phe Ser His225
230 235 240Cys Met Ile Lys
Val Phe Leu Ser Ser Leu Lys Phe His Ile Arg Arg 245
250 255Phe Ile Phe Leu Phe Phe Ile Leu Val Ile
Gly Ile Tyr Pro Ser Gly 260 265
270His Ser Leu Ile Leu Ile Leu Gly Asn Pro Lys Leu Lys Gln Asn Ala
275 280 285Lys Lys Phe Leu Leu His Ser
Lys Cys Cys Gln 290 29536900DNAHomo sapienshuman
T2R01, GR01, SF01 36atgctagagt ctcacctcat tatctatttt cttcttgcag
tgatacaatt tcttcttggg 60attttcacaa atggcatcat tgtggtggtg aatggcattg
acttgatcaa gcacagaaaa 120atggctccgc tggatctcct tctttcttgt ctggcagttt
ctagaatttt tctgcagttg 180ttcatcttct acgttaatgt gattgttatc ttcttcatag
aattcatcat gtgttctgcg 240aattgtgcaa ttctcttatt tataaatgaa ttggaacttt
ggcttgccac atggctcggc 300gttttctatt gtgccaaggt tgccagcgtc cgtcacccac
tcttcatctg gttgaagatg 360aggatatcca agctggtccc atggatgatc ctggggtctc
tgctatatgt atctatgatt 420tgtgttttcc atagcaaata tgcagggttt atggtcccat
acttcctaag gaaatttttc 480tcccaaaatg ccacaattca aaaagaagat acactggcta
tacagatttt ctcttttgtt 540gctgagttct cagtgccatt gcttatcttc ctttttgctg
ttttgctctt gattttctct 600ctggggaggc acacccggca aatgagaaac acagtggccg
gcagcagggt tcctggcagg 660ggtgcaccca tcagcgcgtt gctgtctatc ctgtccttcc
tgatcctcta cttctcccac 720tgcatgataa aagtttttct ctcttctcta aagtttcaca
tcagaaggtt catctttctg 780ttcttcatcc ttgtgattgg tatataccct tctggacact
ctctcatctt aattttagga 840aatcctaaat tgaaacaaaa tgcaaaaaag ttcctcctcc
acagtaagtg ctgtcagtga 90037302PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R02, GR02 or SF02
37Met Ala Leu Ser Phe Ser Ala Ile Leu His Ile Ile Met Met Ser Ala1
5 10 15Glu Phe Phe Thr Gly Ile
Thr Val Asn Gly Phe Leu Ile Ile Val Asn 20 25
30Cys Asn Glu Leu Ile Lys His Arg Lys Leu Met Pro Ile
Gln Ile Leu 35 40 45Leu Met Cys
Ile Gly Met Ser Arg Phe Gly Leu Gln Met Val Leu Met 50
55 60Val Gln Ser Phe Phe Ser Val Phe Phe Pro Leu Leu
Tyr Val Lys Ile65 70 75
80Ile Tyr Gly Ala Ala Met Met Phe Leu Trp Met Phe Phe Ser Ser Ile
85 90 95Ser Leu Trp Phe Ala Thr
Cys Leu Ser Val Phe Tyr Cys Leu Lys Ile 100
105 110Ser Gly Phe Thr Gln Ser Cys Phe Leu Trp Leu Lys
Phe Arg Ile Pro 115 120 125Lys Leu
Ile Pro Trp Leu Phe Trp Glu Ala Phe Trp Pro Leu Xaa Ala 130
135 140Leu His Leu Cys Val Glu Val Asp Tyr Ala Lys
Asn Val Glu Glu Asp145 150 155
160Ala Leu Arg Asn Thr Thr Leu Lys Lys Ser Lys Thr Lys Ile Lys Lys
165 170 175Ile Ser Glu Val
Leu Leu Val Asn Leu Ala Leu Ile Phe Pro Leu Ala 180
185 190Ile Phe Val Met Cys Thr Ser Met Leu Leu Ile
Ser Leu Tyr Lys His 195 200 205Thr
His Arg Met Gln His Gly Ser His Gly Phe Arg Asn Ala Asn Thr 210
215 220Glu Ala His Ile Asn Ala Leu Lys Thr Val
Ile Thr Phe Phe Cys Phe225 230 235
240Phe Ile Ser Tyr Phe Ala Ala Phe Met Thr Asn Met Thr Phe Ser
Leu 245 250 255Pro Tyr Arg
Ser His Gln Phe Phe Met Leu Lys Asp Ile Met Ala Ala 260
265 270Tyr Pro Ser Gly His Ser Val Ile Ile Ile
Leu Ser Asn Ser Lys Phe 275 280
285Gln Gln Ser Phe Arg Arg Ile Leu Cys Leu Lys Lys Lys Leu 290
295 30038910DNAHomo sapienshuman T2R02, GR02 or
SF02 38atggccttgt ctttttcagc tattcttcat attatcatga tgtcagcaga attcttcaca
60gggatcacag taaatggatt tcttatcatt gttaactgta atgaattgat caaacataga
120aagctaatgc caattcaaat cctcttaatg tgcataggga tgtctagatt tggtctgcag
180atggtgttaa tggtacaaag ttttttctct gtgttctttc cactccttta cgtcaaaata
240atttatggtg cagcaatgat gttcctttgg atgtttttta gctctatcag cctatggttt
300gccacttgcc tttctgtatt ttactgcctc aagatttcag gcttcactca gtcctgtttt
360ctttggttga aattcaggat cccaaagtta ataccttggc tgcttctggg aagcgttctg
420gcctctgtga gcattgcatc tgtgtgtcga ggtagattac gctaaaaatg tggaagagga
480tgccctcaga aacaccacac taaaaaagag taaaacaaag ataaagaaaa ttagtgaagt
540gcttcttgtc aacttggcat taatatttcc tctagccata tttgtgatgt gcacttctat
600gttactcatc tctctttaca agcacactca tcggatgcaa catggatctc atggctttag
660aaatgccaac acagaagccc atataaatgc attaaaaaca gtgataacat tcttttgctt
720ctttatttct tattttgctg ccttcatgac aaatatgaca tttagtttac cttacagaag
780tcaccagttc tttatgctga aggacataat ggcagcatat ccctctggcc actcggttat
840aataatcttg agtaattcta agttccaaca atcatttaga agaattctct gcctcaaaaa
900gaaactatga
91039316PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R03, GR03 or SF03 39Met Met Gly Leu Thr
Glu Gly Val Phe Leu Ile Leu Ser Gly Thr Gln1 5
10 15Phe Thr Leu Gly Ile Leu Val Asn Cys Phe Ile
Glu Leu Val Asn Gly 20 25
30Ser Ser Trp Phe Lys Thr Lys Arg Met Ser Leu Ser Asp Phe Ile Ile
35 40 45Thr Thr Leu Ala Leu Leu Arg Ile
Ile Leu Leu Cys Ile Ile Leu Thr 50 55
60Asp Ser Phe Leu Ile Glu Phe Ser Pro Asn Thr His Asp Ser Gly Ile65
70 75 80Ile Met Gln Ile Ile
Asp Val Ser Trp Thr Phe Thr Asn His Leu Ser 85
90 95Ile Trp Leu Ala Thr Cys Leu Gly Val Leu Tyr
Cys Leu Lys Ile Ala 100 105
110Ser Phe Ser His Pro Thr Phe Leu Trp Leu Lys Trp Arg Val Ser Arg
115 120 125Val Met Val Trp Met Leu Leu
Gly Ala Leu Leu Leu Ser Cys Gly Ser 130 135
140Thr Ala Ser Leu Ile Asn Glu Phe Lys Leu Tyr Ser Val Phe Arg
Gly145 150 155 160Ile Glu
Ala Thr Arg Asn Val Thr Glu His Phe Arg Lys Lys Arg Ser
165 170 175Glu Tyr Tyr Leu Ile His Val
Leu Gly Thr Leu Trp Tyr Leu Pro Pro 180 185
190Leu Ile Val Ser Leu Ala Ser Tyr Ser Leu Leu Ile Phe Ser
Leu Gly 195 200 205Arg His Thr Arg
Gln Met Leu Gln Asn Gly Thr Ser Ser Arg Asp Pro 210
215 220Thr Thr Glu Ala His Lys Arg Ala Ile Arg Ile Ile
Leu Ser Phe Phe225 230 235
240Phe Leu Phe Leu Leu Tyr Phe Leu Ala Phe Leu Ile Ala Ser Phe Gly
245 250 255Asn Phe Leu Pro Lys
Thr Lys Met Ala Lys Met Ile Gly Glu Val Met 260
265 270Thr Met Phe Tyr Pro Ala Gly His Ser Phe Ile Leu
Ile Leu Gly Asn 275 280 285Ser Lys
Leu Lys Gln Thr Phe Val Val Met Leu Arg Cys Glu Ser Gly 290
295 300His Leu Lys Pro Gly Ser Lys Gly Pro Ile Phe
Ser305 310 31540951DNAHomo sapienshuman
T2R03, GR03 or SF03 40atgatgggac tcaccgaggg ggtgttcctg attctgtctg
gcactcagtt cacactggga 60attctggtca attgtttcat tgagttggtc aatggtagca
gctggttcaa gaccaagaga 120atgtctttgt ctgacttcat catcaccacc ctggcactct
tgaggatcat tctgctgtgt 180attatcttga ctgatagttt tttaatagaa ttctctccca
acacacatga ttcagggata 240ataatgcaaa ttattgatgt ttcctggaca tttacaaacc
atctgagcat ttggcttgcc 300acctgtcttg gtgtcctcta ctgcctgaaa atcgccagtt
tctctcaccc cacattcctc 360tggctcaagt ggagagtttc tagggtgatg gtatggatgc
tgttgggtgc actgctctta 420tcctgtggta gtaccgcatc tctgatcaat gagtttaagc
tctattctgt ctttagggga 480attgaggcca ccaggaatgt gactgaacac ttcagaaaga
agaggagtga gtattatctg 540atccatgttc ttgggactct gtggtacctg cctcccttaa
ttgtgtccct ggcctcctac 600tctttgctca tcttctccct ggggaggcac acacggcaga
tgctgcaaaa tgggacaagc 660tccagagatc caaccactga ggcccacaag agggccatca
gaatcatcct ttccttcttc 720tttctcttct tactttactt tcttgctttc ttaattgcat
catttggtaa tttcctacca 780aaaaccaaga tggctaagat gattggcgaa gtaatgacaa
tgttttatcc tgctggccac 840tcatttattc tcattctggg gaacagtaag ctgaagcaga
catttgtagt gatgctccgg 900tgtgagtctg gtcatctgaa gcctggatcc aagggaccca
ttttctctta g 95141299PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R04, GR04 or SF04
41Met Leu Arg Leu Phe Tyr Phe Ser Ala Ile Ile Ala Ser Val Ile Leu1
5 10 15Asn Phe Val Gly Ile Ile
Met Asn Leu Phe Ile Thr Val Val Asn Cys 20 25
30Lys Thr Trp Val Lys Ser His Arg Ile Ser Ser Ser Asp
Arg Ile Leu 35 40 45Phe Ser Leu
Gly Ile Thr Arg Phe Leu Met Leu Gly Leu Phe Leu Val 50
55 60Asn Thr Ile Tyr Phe Val Ser Ser Asn Thr Glu Arg
Ser Val Tyr Leu65 70 75
80Ser Ala Phe Phe Val Leu Cys Phe Met Phe Leu Asp Ser Ser Ser Val
85 90 95Trp Phe Val Thr Leu Leu
Asn Ile Leu Tyr Cys Val Lys Ile Thr Asn 100
105 110Phe Gln His Ser Val Phe Leu Leu Leu Lys Arg Asn
Ile Ser Pro Lys 115 120 125Ile Pro
Arg Leu Leu Leu Ala Cys Val Leu Ile Ser Ala Phe Thr Thr 130
135 140Cys Leu Tyr Ile Thr Leu Ser Gln Ala Ser Pro
Phe Pro Glu Leu Val145 150 155
160Thr Thr Arg Asn Asn Thr Ser Phe Asn Ile Ser Glu Gly Ile Leu Ser
165 170 175Leu Val Val Ser
Leu Val Leu Ser Ser Ser Leu Gln Phe Ile Ile Asn 180
185 190Val Thr Ser Ala Ser Leu Leu Ile His Ser Leu
Arg Arg His Ile Gln 195 200 205Lys
Met Gln Lys Asn Ala Thr Gly Phe Trp Asn Pro Gln Thr Glu Ala 210
215 220His Val Gly Ala Met Lys Leu Met Val Tyr
Phe Leu Ile Leu Tyr Ile225 230 235
240Pro Tyr Ser Val Ala Thr Leu Val Gln Tyr Leu Pro Phe Tyr Ala
Gly 245 250 255Met Asp Met
Gly Thr Lys Ser Ile Cys Leu Ile Phe Ala Thr Leu Tyr 260
265 270Ser Pro Gly His Ser Val Leu Ile Ile Ile
Thr His Pro Lys Leu Lys 275 280
285Thr Thr Ala Lys Lys Ile Leu Cys Phe Lys Lys 290
29542900DNAHomo sapienshuman T2R04, GR04 or SF04 42atgcttcggt tattctattt
ctctgctatt attgcctcag ttattttaaa ttttgtagga 60atcattatga atctgtttat
tacagtggtc aattgcaaaa cttgggtcaa aagccataga 120atctcctctt ctgataggat
tctgttcagc ctgggcatca ccaggtttct tatgctggga 180ctatttctgg tgaacaccat
ctacttcgtc tcttcaaata cggaaaggtc agtctacctg 240tctgcttttt ttgtgttgtg
tttcatgttt ttggactcga gcagtgtctg gtttgtgacc 300ttgctcaata tcttgtactg
tgtgaagatt actaacttcc aacactcagt gtttctcctg 360ctgaagcgga atatctcccc
aaagatcccc aggctgctgc tggcctgtgt gctgatttct 420gctttcacca cttgcctgta
catcacgctt agccaggcat caccttttcc tgaacttgtg 480actacgagaa ataacacatc
atttaatatc agtgagggca tcttgtcttt agtggtttct 540ttggtcttga gctcatctct
ccagttcatc attaatgtga cttctgcttc cttgctaata 600cactccttga ggagacatat
acagaagatg cagaaaaatg ccactggttt ctggaatccc 660cagacggaag ctcatgtagg
tgctatgaag ctgatggtct atttcctcat cctctacatt 720ccatattcag ttgctaccct
ggtccagtat ctcccctttt atgcagggat ggatatgggg 780accaaatcca tttgtctgat
ttttgccacc ctttactctc caggacattc tgttctcatt 840attatcacac atcctaaact
gaaaacaaca gcaaagaaga ttctttgttt caaaaaatag 90043299PRTHomo
sapienshuman T2R05, GR05 or SF05 43Met Leu Ser Ala Gly Leu Gly Leu Leu
Met Leu Val Ala Val Val Glu1 5 10
15Phe Leu Ile Gly Leu Ile Gly Asn Gly Ser Leu Val Val Trp Ser
Phe 20 25 30Arg Glu Trp Ile
Arg Lys Phe Asn Trp Ser Ser Tyr Asn Leu Ile Ile 35
40 45Leu Gly Leu Ala Gly Cys Arg Phe Leu Leu Gln Trp
Leu Ile Ile Leu 50 55 60Asp Leu Ser
Leu Phe Pro Leu Phe Gln Ser Ser Arg Trp Leu Arg Tyr65 70
75 80Leu Ser Ile Phe Trp Val Leu Val
Ser Gln Ala Ser Leu Trp Phe Ala 85 90
95Thr Phe Leu Ser Val Phe Tyr Cys Lys Lys Ile Thr Thr Phe
Asp Arg 100 105 110Pro Ala Tyr
Leu Trp Leu Lys Gln Arg Ala Tyr Asn Leu Ser Leu Trp 115
120 125Cys Leu Leu Gly Tyr Phe Ile Ile Asn Leu Leu
Leu Thr Val Gln Ile 130 135 140Gly Leu
Thr Phe Tyr His Pro Pro Gln Gly Asn Ser Ser Ile Arg Tyr145
150 155 160Pro Phe Glu Ser Trp Gln Tyr
Leu Tyr Ala Phe Gln Leu Asn Ser Gly 165
170 175Ser Tyr Leu Pro Leu Val Val Phe Leu Val Ser Ser
Gly Met Leu Ile 180 185 190Val
Ser Leu Tyr Thr His His Lys Lys Met Lys Val His Ser Ala Gly 195
200 205Arg Arg Asp Val Arg Ala Lys Ala His
Ile Thr Ala Leu Lys Ser Leu 210 215
220Gly Cys Phe Leu Leu Leu His Leu Val Tyr Ile Met Ala Ser Pro Phe225
230 235 240Ser Ile Thr Ser
Lys Thr Tyr Pro Pro Asp Leu Thr Ser Val Phe Ile 245
250 255Trp Glu Thr Leu Met Ala Ala Tyr Pro Ser
Leu His Ser Leu Ile Leu 260 265
270Ile Met Gly Ile Pro Arg Val Lys Gln Thr Cys Gln Lys Ile Leu Trp
275 280 285Lys Thr Val Cys Ala Arg Arg
Cys Trp Gly Pro 290 29544900DNAHomo sapienshuman
T2R05, GR05 or SF05 44atgctgagcg ctggcctagg actgctgatg ctggtggcag
tggttgaatt tctcatcggt 60ttaattggaa atggaagcct ggtggtctgg agttttagag
aatggatcag aaaattcaac 120tggtcctcat ataacctcat tatcctgggc ctggctggct
gccgatttct cctgcagtgg 180ctgatcattt tggacttaag cttgtttcca cttttccaga
gcagccgttg gcttcgctat 240cttagtatct tctgggtcct ggtaagccag gccagcttat
ggtttgccac cttcctcagt 300gtcttctatt gcaagaagat cacgaccttc gatcgcccgg
cctacttgtg gctgaagcag 360agggcctata acctgagtct ctggtgcctt ctgggctact
ttataatcaa tttgttactt 420acagtccaaa ttggcttaac attctatcat cctccccaag
gaaacagcag cattcggtat 480ccctttgaaa gctggcagta cctgtatgca tttcagctca
attcaggaag ttatttgcct 540ttagtggtgt ttcttgtttc ctctgggatg ctgattgtct
ctttgtatac acaccacaag 600aagatgaagg tccattcagc tggtaggagg gatgtccggg
ccaaggctca catcactgcg 660ctgaagtcct tgggctgctt cctcttactt cacctggttt
atatcatggc cagccccttc 720tccatcacct ccaagactta tcctcctgat ctcaccagtg
tcttcatctg ggagacactc 780atggcagcct atccttctct tcattctctc atattgatca
tggggattcc tagggtgaag 840cagacttgtc agaagatcct gtggaagaca gtgtgtgctc
ggagatgctg gggcccatga 90045286PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R06, GR06 or SF06
45Met Leu Ala Ala Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Met Pro Ile Ala Gly Ala Glu1
5 10 15Phe Leu Ile Gly Leu Val
Gly Asn Gly Val Pro Val Val Cys Ser Phe 20 25
30Arg Gly Trp Val Lys Lys Met Xaa Gly Val Pro Ile Asn
Ser His Asp 35 40 45Ser Gly Lys
Xaa Pro Leu Ser Pro Thr Gln Ala Asp His Val Gly His 50
55 60Lys Ser Val Ser Thr Phe Pro Glu Gln Trp Leu Ala
Leu Leu Ser Xaa65 70 75
80Cys Leu Arg Val Leu Val Ser Gln Ala Asn Met Xaa Phe Ala Thr Phe
85 90 95Phe Ser Gly Phe Cys Cys
Met Glu Ile Met Thr Phe Val Xaa Xaa Xaa 100
105 110Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa
Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa 115 120 125Xaa Leu
Leu Val Ser Phe Lys Ile Thr Phe Tyr Phe Ser Ala Leu Val 130
135 140Gly Trp Thr Leu Xaa Lys Pro Leu Thr Gly Asn
Ser Asn Ile Leu His145 150 155
160Pro Ile Leu Asn Leu Leu Phe Leu Xaa Ile Ala Val Gln Xaa Arg Arg
165 170 175Leu Ile Ala Ile
Cys Asp Val Ser Val Pro Leu Val Phe Leu Xaa Arg 180
185 190His His Arg Lys Met Glu Asp His Thr Ala Val
Arg Arg Arg Leu Lys 195 200 205Pro
Arg Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa 210
215 220Xaa Leu Tyr Met Val Ser Ala Leu Ala Arg
His Phe Ser Met Thr Phe225 230 235
240Xaa Ser Pro Ser Asp Leu Thr Ile Leu Ala Ile Ser Ala Thr Leu
Met 245 250 255Ala Val Tyr
Thr Ser Phe Pro Ser Ile Val Met Val Met Arg Asn Gln 260
265 270Thr Cys Gln Arg Ile Leu Glu Met Ile Cys
Thr Trp Lys Ser 275 280
28546823DNAHomo sapienshuman T2R06, GR06 or SF06 46atgttggcgg ctgccctagg
attgctgatg cccattgcag gggctgaatt tctcattggc 60ctggttggaa atggagtccc
tgtggtctgc agttttagag gatgggtcaa aaaaatgtaa 120ggagtcccta taaattctca
tgattctggt aagtagccac tttctcctac tcaggccgat 180catgttggac ataagtctgt
ttccactttc ccagagcagt ggttggcttt actatcttaa 240tgtcttcgag tcctggtaag
ccaggccaac atgtagtttg ccactttctt cagtggcttc 300tgctgcatgg agatcatgac
ctttgtcccg ctgacttctt gtagctgaaa agactgggtt 360tttgtttttt gctagtgtct
ttcaagatca ctttttattt ctcagctctt gttggctgga 420ccctttaaaa acccttaaca
ggaaacagca acatcctgca tcccatttta aatctgttat 480ttttatagat tgctgtccag
tgaaggagac tgattgctat ttgtgatgtt tctgttccac 540ttgtcttttt gtaaagacat
cacaggaaga tggaggacca cacagctgtc aggaggaggc 600tcaaaccaag gtgctcatcg
ctctgaactt ccccctttac atggtttctg ccttggccag 660acacttttcc atgaccttct
aatctccctc tgatctcacc attcttgcca tctctgcaac 720actcatggct gtttatactt
catttccgtc tattgtaatg gttatgagga atcagacttg 780tcagagaatt ctgtaggaga
tgatatgtac atggaaatcc tag 82347318PRTHomo
sapienshuman T2R07, GR07 or SF07 47Met Ala Asp Lys Val Gln Thr Thr Leu
Leu Phe Leu Ala Val Gly Glu1 5 10
15Phe Ser Val Gly Ile Leu Gly Asn Ala Phe Ile Gly Leu Val Asn
Cys 20 25 30Met Asp Trp Val
Lys Lys Arg Lys Ile Ala Ser Ile Asp Leu Ile Leu 35
40 45Thr Ser Leu Ala Ile Ser Arg Ile Cys Leu Leu Cys
Val Ile Leu Leu 50 55 60Asp Cys Phe
Ile Leu Val Leu Tyr Pro Asp Val Tyr Ala Thr Gly Lys65 70
75 80Glu Met Arg Ile Ile Asp Phe Phe
Trp Thr Leu Thr Asn His Leu Ser 85 90
95Ile Trp Phe Ala Thr Cys Leu Ser Ile Tyr Tyr Phe Phe Lys
Ile Gly 100 105 110Asn Phe Phe
His Pro Leu Phe Leu Trp Met Lys Trp Arg Ile Asp Arg 115
120 125Val Ile Ser Trp Ile Leu Leu Gly Cys Val Val
Leu Ser Val Phe Ile 130 135 140Ser Leu
Pro Ala Thr Glu Asn Leu Asn Ala Asp Phe Arg Phe Cys Val145
150 155 160Lys Ala Lys Arg Lys Thr Asn
Leu Thr Trp Ser Cys Arg Val Asn Lys 165
170 175Thr Gln His Ala Ser Thr Lys Leu Phe Leu Asn Leu
Ala Thr Leu Leu 180 185 190Pro
Phe Cys Val Cys Leu Met Ser Phe Phe Leu Leu Ile Leu Ser Leu 195
200 205Arg Arg His Ile Arg Arg Met Gln Leu
Ser Ala Thr Gly Cys Arg Asp 210 215
220Pro Ser Thr Glu Ala His Val Arg Ala Leu Lys Ala Val Ile Ser Phe225
230 235 240Leu Leu Leu Phe
Ile Ala Tyr Tyr Leu Ser Phe Leu Ile Ala Thr Ser 245
250 255Ser Tyr Phe Met Pro Glu Thr Glu Leu Ala
Val Ile Phe Gly Glu Ser 260 265
270Ile Ala Leu Ile Tyr Pro Ser Ser His Ser Phe Ile Leu Ile Leu Gly
275 280 285Asn Asn Lys Leu Arg His Ala
Ser Leu Lys Val Ile Trp Lys Val Met 290 295
300Ser Ile Leu Lys Gly Arg Lys Phe Gln Gln His Lys Gln Ile305
310 31548954DNAHomo sapienshuman T2R07, GR07 or
SF07 48atggcagata aagtgcagac tactttattg ttcttagcag ttggagagtt ttcagtgggg
60atcttaggga atgcattcat tggattggta aactgcatgg actgggtcaa gaagaggaaa
120attgcctcca ttgatttaat cctcacaagt ctggccatat ccagaatttg tctattgtgc
180gtaatactat tagattgttt tatattggtg ctatatccag atgtctatgc cactggtaaa
240gaaatgagaa tcattgactt cttctggaca ctaaccaatc atttaagtat ctggtttgca
300acctgcctca gcatttacta tttcttcaag ataggtaatt tctttcaccc acttttcctc
360tggatgaagt ggagaattga cagggtgatt tcctggattc tactggggtg cgtggttctc
420tctgtgttta ttagccttcc agccactgag aatttgaacg ctgatttcag gttttgtgtg
480aaggcaaaga ggaaaacaaa cttaacttgg agttgcagag taaataaaac tcaacatgct
540tctaccaagt tatttctcaa cctggcaacg ctgctcccct tttgtgtgtg cctaatgtcc
600tttttcctct tgatcctctc cctgcggaga catatcaggc gaatgcagct cagtgccaca
660gggtgcagag accccagcac agaagcccat gtgagagccc tgaaagctgt catttccttc
720cttctcctct ttattgccta ctatttgtcc tttctcattg ccacctccag ctactttatg
780ccagagacgg aattagctgt gatttttggt gagtccatag ctctaatcta cccctcaagt
840cattcattta tcctaatact ggggaacaat aaattaagac atgcatctct aaaggtgatt
900tggaaagtaa tgtctattct aaaaggaaga aaattccaac aacataaaat ctga
95449309PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R08, GR08 or SF08 49Met Phe Ser Pro Ala
Asp Asn Ile Phe Ile Ile Leu Ile Thr Gly Glu1 5
10 15Phe Ile Leu Gly Ile Leu Gly Asn Gly Tyr Ile
Ala Leu Val Asn Trp 20 25
30Ile Asp Trp Ile Lys Lys Lys Lys Ile Ser Thr Val Asp Tyr Ile Leu
35 40 45Thr Asn Leu Val Ile Ala Arg Ile
Cys Leu Ile Ser Val Met Val Val 50 55
60Asn Gly Ile Val Ile Val Leu Asn Pro Asp Val Tyr Thr Lys Asn Lys65
70 75 80Gln Gln Ile Val Ile
Phe Thr Phe Trp Thr Phe Ala Asn Tyr Leu Asn 85
90 95Met Trp Ile Thr Thr Cys Leu Asn Val Phe Tyr
Phe Leu Lys Ile Ala 100 105
110Ser Ser Ser His Pro Leu Phe Leu Trp Leu Lys Trp Lys Ile Asp Met
115 120 125Val Val His Trp Ile Leu Leu
Gly Cys Phe Ala Ile Ser Leu Leu Val 130 135
140Ser Leu Ile Ala Ala Ile Val Leu Ser Cys Asp Tyr Arg Phe His
Ala145 150 155 160Ile Ala
Lys His Lys Arg Asn Ile Thr Glu Met Phe His Val Ser Lys
165 170 175Ile Pro Tyr Phe Glu Pro Leu
Thr Leu Phe Asn Leu Phe Ala Ile Val 180 185
190Pro Phe Ile Val Ser Leu Ile Ser Phe Phe Leu Leu Val Arg
Ser Leu 195 200 205Trp Arg His Thr
Lys Gln Ile Lys Leu Tyr Ala Thr Gly Ser Arg Asp 210
215 220Pro Ser Thr Glu Val His Val Arg Ala Ile Lys Thr
Met Thr Ser Phe225 230 235
240Ile Phe Phe Phe Phe Leu Tyr Tyr Ile Ser Ser Ile Leu Met Thr Phe
245 250 255Ser Tyr Leu Met Thr
Lys Tyr Lys Leu Ala Val Glu Phe Gly Glu Ile 260
265 270Ala Ala Ile Leu Tyr Pro Leu Gly His Ser Leu Ile
Leu Ile Val Leu 275 280 285Asn Asn
Lys Leu Arg Gln Thr Phe Val Arg Met Leu Thr Cys Arg Lys 290
295 300Ile Ala Cys Met Ile30550930DNAHomo
sapienshuman T2R08, GR08 or SF08 50atgttcagtc ctgcagataa catctttata
atcctaataa ctggagaatt catactagga 60atattgggga atggatacat tgcactagtc
aactggattg actggattaa gaagaaaaag 120atttccacag ttgactacat ccttaccaat
ttagttatcg ccagaatttg tttgatcagt 180gtaatggttg taaatggcat tgtaatagta
ctgaacccag atgtttatac aaaaaataaa 240caacagatag tcatttttac cttctggaca
tttgccaact acttaaatat gtggattacc 300acctgcctta atgtcttcta ttttctgaag
atagccagtt cctctcatcc actttttctc 360tggctgaagt ggaaaattga tatggtggtg
cactggatcc tgctgggatg ctttgccatt 420tccttgttgg tcagccttat agcagcaata
gtactgagtt gtgattatag gtttcatgca 480attgccaaac ataaaagaaa cattactgaa
atgttccatg tgagtaaaat accatacttt 540gaacccttga ctctctttaa cctgtttgca
attgtcccat ttattgtgtc actgatatca 600tttttccttt tagtaagatc tttatggaga
cataccaagc aaataaaact ctatgctacc 660ggcagtagag accccagcac agaagttcat
gtgagagcca ttaaaactat gacttcattt 720atcttctttt ttttcctata ctatatttct
tctattttga tgacctttag ctatcttatg 780acaaaataca agttagctgt ggagtttgga
gagattgcag caattctcta ccccttgggt 840cactcactta ttttaattgt tttaaataat
aaactgaggc agacatttgt cagaatgctg 900acatgtagaa aaattgcctg catgatatga
93051312PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R09,
GR09 or SF09 51Met Pro Ser Ala Ile Glu Ala Ile Tyr Ile Ile Leu Ile Ala
Gly Glu1 5 10 15Leu Thr
Ile Gly Ile Trp Gly Asn Gly Phe Ile Val Leu Val Asn Cys 20
25 30Ile Asp Trp Leu Lys Arg Arg Asp Ile
Ser Leu Ile Asp Ile Ile Leu 35 40
45Ile Ser Leu Ala Ile Ser Arg Ile Cys Leu Leu Cys Val Ile Ser Leu 50
55 60Asp Gly Phe Phe Met Leu Leu Phe Pro
Gly Thr Tyr Gly Asn Ser Val65 70 75
80Leu Val Ser Ile Val Asn Val Val Trp Thr Phe Ala Asn Asn
Ser Ser 85 90 95Leu Trp
Phe Thr Ser Cys Leu Ser Ile Phe Tyr Leu Leu Lys Ile Ala 100
105 110Asn Ile Ser His Pro Phe Phe Phe Trp
Leu Lys Leu Lys Ile Asn Lys 115 120
125Val Met Leu Ala Ile Leu Leu Gly Ser Phe Leu Ile Ser Leu Ile Ile
130 135 140Ser Val Pro Lys Asn Asp Asp
Met Trp Tyr His Leu Phe Lys Val Ser145 150
155 160His Glu Glu Asn Ile Thr Trp Lys Phe Lys Val Ser
Lys Ile Pro Gly 165 170
175Thr Phe Lys Gln Leu Thr Leu Asn Leu Gly Val Met Val Pro Phe Ile
180 185 190Leu Cys Leu Ile Ser Phe
Phe Leu Leu Leu Phe Ser Leu Val Arg His 195 200
205Thr Lys Gln Ile Arg Leu His Ala Thr Gly Phe Arg Asp Pro
Ser Thr 210 215 220Glu Ala His Met Arg
Ala Ile Lys Ala Val Ile Ile Phe Leu Leu Leu225 230
235 240Leu Ile Val Tyr Tyr Pro Val Phe Leu Val
Met Thr Ser Ser Ala Leu 245 250
255Ile Pro Gln Gly Lys Leu Val Leu Met Ile Gly Asp Ile Val Thr Val
260 265 270Ile Phe Pro Ser Ser
His Ser Phe Ile Leu Ile Met Gly Asn Ser Lys 275
280 285Leu Arg Glu Ala Phe Leu Lys Met Leu Arg Phe Val
Lys Cys Phe Leu 290 295 300Arg Arg Arg
Lys Pro Phe Val Pro305 31052939DNAHomo sapienshuman
T2R09, GR09 or SF09 52atgccaagtg caatagaggc aatatatatt attttaattg
ctggtgaatt gaccataggg 60atttggggaa atggattcat tgtactagtt aactgcattg
actggctcaa aagaagagat 120atttccttga ttgacatcat cctgatcagc ttggccatct
ccagaatctg tctgctgtgt 180gtaatatcat tagatggctt ctttatgctg ctctttccag
gtacatatgg caatagcgtg 240ctagtaagca ttgtgaatgt tgtctggaca tttgccaata
attcaagtct ctggtttact 300tcttgcctca gtatcttcta tttactcaag atagccaata
tatcgcaccc atttttcttc 360tggctgaagc taaagatcaa caaggtcatg cttgcgattc
ttctggggtc ctttcttatc 420tctttaatta ttagtgttcc aaagaatgat gatatgtggt
atcacctttt caaagtcagt 480catgaagaaa acattacttg gaaattcaaa gtgagtaaaa
ttccaggtac tttcaaacag 540ttaaccctga acctgggggt gatggttccc tttatccttt
gcctgatctc atttttcttg 600ttacttttct ccctagttag acacaccaag cagattcgac
tgcatgctac agggttcaga 660gaccccagta cagaggccca catgagggcc ataaaggcag
tgatcatctt tctgctcctc 720ctcatcgtgt actacccagt ctttcttgtt atgacctcta
gcgctctgat tcctcaggga 780aaattagtgt tgatgattgg tgacatagta actgtcattt
tcccatcaag ccattcattc 840attctaatta tgggaaatag caagttgagg gaagcttttc
tgaagatgtt aagatttgtg 900aagtgtttcc ttagaagaag aaagcctttt gttccatag
93953307PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R10, GR10 or SF10
53Met Leu Arg Val Val Glu Gly Ile Phe Ile Phe Val Val Val Ser Glu1
5 10 15Ser Val Phe Gly Val Leu
Gly Asn Gly Phe Ile Gly Leu Val Asn Cys 20 25
30Ile Asp Cys Ala Lys Asn Lys Leu Ser Thr Ile Gly Phe
Ile Leu Thr 35 40 45Gly Leu Ala
Ile Ser Arg Ile Phe Leu Ile Trp Ile Ile Ile Thr Asp 50
55 60Gly Phe Ile Gln Ile Phe Ser Pro Asn Ile Tyr Ala
Ser Gly Asn Leu65 70 75
80Ile Glu Tyr Ile Ser Tyr Phe Trp Val Ile Gly Asn Gln Ser Ser Met
85 90 95Trp Phe Ala Thr Ser Leu
Ser Ile Phe Tyr Phe Leu Lys Ile Ala Asn 100
105 110Phe Ser Asn Tyr Ile Phe Leu Trp Leu Lys Ser Arg
Thr Asn Met Val 115 120 125Leu Pro
Phe Met Ile Val Phe Leu Leu Ile Ser Ser Leu Leu Asn Phe 130
135 140Ala Tyr Ile Ala Lys Ile Leu Asn Asp Tyr Lys
Thr Lys Asn Asp Thr145 150 155
160Val Trp Asp Leu Asn Met Tyr Lys Ser Glu Tyr Phe Ile Lys Gln Ile
165 170 175Leu Leu Asn Leu
Gly Val Ile Phe Phe Phe Thr Leu Ser Leu Ile Thr 180
185 190Cys Ile Phe Leu Ile Ile Ser Leu Trp Arg His
Asn Arg Gln Met Gln 195 200 205Ser
Asn Val Thr Gly Leu Arg Asp Ser Asn Thr Glu Ala His Val Lys 210
215 220Ala Met Lys Val Leu Ile Ser Phe Ile Ile
Leu Phe Ile Leu Tyr Phe225 230 235
240Ile Gly Met Ala Ile Glu Ile Ser Cys Phe Thr Val Arg Glu Asn
Lys 245 250 255Leu Leu Leu
Met Phe Gly Met Thr Thr Thr Ala Ile Tyr Pro Trp Gly 260
265 270His Ser Phe Ile Leu Ile Leu Gly Asn Ser
Lys Leu Lys Gln Ala Ser 275 280
285Leu Arg Val Leu Gln Gln Leu Lys Cys Cys Glu Lys Arg Lys Asn Leu 290
295 300Arg Val Thr30554924DNAHomo
sapienshuman T2R10, GR10 or SF10 54atgctacgtg tagtggaagg catcttcatt
tttgttgtag ttagtgagtc agtgtttggg 60gttttgggga atggatttat tggacttgta
aactgcattg actgtgccaa gaataagtta 120tctacgattg gctttattct caccggctta
gctatttcaa gaatttttct gatatggata 180ataattacag atggatttat acagatattc
tctccaaata tatatgcctc cggtaaccta 240attgaatata ttagttactt ttgggtaatt
ggtaatcaat caagtatgtg gtttgccacc 300agcctcagca tcttctattt cctgaagata
gcaaattttt ccaactacat atttctctgg 360ttgaagagca gaacaaatat ggttcttccc
ttcatgatag tattcttact tatttcatcg 420ttacttaatt ttgcatacat tgcgaagatt
cttaatgatt ataaaacgaa gaatgacaca 480gtctgggatc tcaacatgta taaaagtgaa
tactttatta aacagatttt gctaaatctg 540ggagtcattt tcttctttac actatcccta
attacatgta tttttttaat catttccctt 600tggagacaca acaggcagat gcaatcgaat
gtgacaggat tgagagactc caacacagaa 660gctcatgtga aggcaatgaa agttttgata
tctttcatca tcctctttat cttgtatttt 720ataggcatgg ccatagaaat atcatgtttt
actgtgcgag aaaacaaact gctgcttatg 780tttggaatga caaccacagc catctatccc
tggggtcact catttatctt aattctagga 840aacagcaagc taaagcaagc ctctttgagg
gtactgcagc aattgaagtg ctgtgagaaa 900aggaaaaatc tcagagtcac atag
92455245PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R11,
GR11 or SF11 55Met Ala Asn Met Leu Lys Asn Met Leu Thr Met Ile Ser Ala
Ile Asp1 5 10 15Phe Ile
Met Gly Ile Gln Arg Ser Arg Val Met Val Leu Val His Cys 20
25 30Ile Asp Trp Ile Arg Arg Trp Lys Leu
Ser Leu Ile Asp Phe Ile Leu 35 40
45Thr Cys Trp Ala Ile Ser Arg Ile Phe Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa 50
55 60Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa
Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa65 70 75
80Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Asn His Leu Cys Thr
Xaa Phe 85 90 95Ala Thr
Cys Leu Ala Val Phe Tyr Phe Leu Lys Ile Val Asn Phe Ser 100
105 110Tyr Leu Phe Tyr Phe Trp Leu Lys Trp
Arg Ile Asn Lys Val Ala Phe 115 120
125Ile Leu Pro Leu Val Ser Ala Phe Ser Val Tyr Gln Leu Ser Phe Asp
130 135 140Val His Phe Xaa Cys Leu Leu
Val Ser Cys Pro Lys Lys Tyr Glu Arg145 150
155 160His Met Thr Gly Leu Leu Asn Val Ser Asn Asn Lys
Asn Val Asn Asn 165 170
175Ile Ile Ile Phe Phe Ile Gly Ser Leu Ser Ser Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser
180 185 190Ile Phe Phe Leu Leu Leu
Leu Leu Ser Ser Xaa Arg His Met Lys His 195 200
205Ile Arg Phe Asn Phe Arg Asp Cys Arg Thr Pro Val Tyr Gly
Pro Ile 210 215 220Ser Glu Pro Arg Lys
Arg Phe Ser Phe Phe Val Leu Leu Leu Tyr Lys225 230
235 240Asn Leu Pro Phe Ser
24556315PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R12, GR12 or SF12 56Met Ser Ser Ile Trp
Glu Thr Leu Phe Ile Arg Ile Leu Val Val Xaa1 5
10 15Phe Ile Met Gly Thr Val Gly Asn Xaa Phe Ile
Val Leu Val Asn Ile 20 25
30Ile Asp Xaa Ile Arg Asn Xaa Lys Val Ser Leu Ile Asp Phe Ile Leu
35 40 45Asn Cys Leu Ala Ile Ser Arg Ile
Cys Phe Leu Xaa Ile Thr Ile Leu 50 55
60Ala Thr Ser Phe Asn Ile Gly Tyr Glu Lys Met Pro Asp Ser Lys Asn65
70 75 80Leu Ala Val Ser Phe
Asp Ile Leu Trp Thr Gly Ser Ser Tyr Phe Cys 85
90 95Leu Ser Cys Thr Thr Cys Leu Ser Val Phe Tyr
Phe Leu Lys Val Ala 100 105
110Asn Phe Ser Asn Pro Ile Phe Leu Trp Met Lys Trp Lys Ile His Lys
115 120 125Val Leu Leu Phe Ile Val Leu
Glu Ala Thr Ile Ser Phe Cys Thr Thr 130 135
140Ser Ile Leu Lys Glu Ile Ile Ile Asn Ser Leu Ile Xaa Glu Arg
Val145 150 155 160Thr Ile
Lys Gly Asn Leu Thr Phe Asn Tyr Met Asp Thr Met His Asp
165 170 175Phe Thr Ser Leu Phe Leu Leu
Gln Met Met Phe Ile Leu Pro Phe Val 180 185
190Glu Thr Leu Ala Ser Ile Leu Leu Leu Ile Leu Ser Leu Trp
Ser His 195 200 205Thr Arg Gln Met
Lys Leu His Gly Ile Tyr Ser Arg Asp Pro Ser Thr 210
215 220Glu Ala His Val Lys Pro Ile Lys Ala Ile Ile Ser
Phe Leu Leu Leu225 230 235
240Phe Ile Val His Tyr Phe Ile Ser Ile Ile Leu Thr Leu Ala Cys Pro
245 250 255Leu Leu Asp Phe Val
Ala Ala Arg Thr Phe Ser Ser Val Leu Val Phe 260
265 270Phe His Pro Ser Gly His Ser Phe Leu Leu Ile Leu
Arg Asp Ser Lys 275 280 285Leu Lys
Gln Ala Ser Leu Cys Val Leu Lys Lys Met Lys Tyr Ala Lys 290
295 300Lys Asp Ile Ile Ser His Phe Tyr Lys His
Ala305 310 31557948DNAHomo sapienshuman
T2R12, GR12 or SF12 57atgtcaagca tttgggagac actgtttata agaattcttg
tagtgtaatt cataatgggg 60actgtgggaa attgattcat tgtattggtt aatatcattg
actgaatcag gaactgaaag 120gtctccctga ttgattttat tctcaactgc ttggccatct
ccaggatatg tttcctgtag 180ataacaattt tagctacctc tttcaatata ggctatgaga
aaatgcctga ttctaagaat 240cttgcagtaa gttttgacat tctctggaca ggatccagct
atttctgcct gtcctgtacc 300acttgcctca gtgtcttcta tttcctcaag gtagccaact
tctccaatcc cattttcctc 360tggatgaaat ggaaaattca caaggtgctt ctctttattg
tactagaggc aacgatctct 420ttctgcacaa cttccattct gaaggaaata ataattaata
gtttaatcta agaacgggta 480acaataaaag gcaacttgac atttaattat atggatacca
tgcatgattt cacttctctg 540tttctccttc agatgatgtt catccttcct tttgtggaaa
cactggcttc cattcttctc 600ttaatcctct ccttatggag ccacaccagg cagatgaagc
tacatggtat ttattccagg 660gatcccagca cagaagccca tgtaaaacct ataaaagcta
taatttcatt tctactcctc 720tttattgtgc attatttcat cagtatcata ctaacattgg
cctgtcctct tctagacttc 780gttgcggcaa ggacttttag tagtgtgctg gtatttttcc
atccatctgg ccattcattt 840cttctaattt tacgggacag caaactgaag caagcttctc
tctgtgtcct gaagaagatg 900aagtatgcca aaaaggacat aatctctcat ttttataaac
atgcctga 94858300PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R13, GR13 or SF13
58Met Glu Ser Ala Leu Pro Ser Ile Phe Thr Leu Val Ile Ile Ala Glu1
5 10 15Phe Ile Ile Gly Asn Leu
Ser Asn Gly Phe Ile Val Leu Ile Asn Cys 20 25
30Ile Asp Trp Val Ser Lys Arg Glu Leu Ser Ser Val Asp
Lys Leu Leu 35 40 45Ile Ile Leu
Ala Ile Ser Arg Ile Gly Leu Ile Trp Glu Ile Leu Val 50
55 60Ser Trp Phe Leu Ala Leu His Tyr Leu Ala Ile Phe
Val Ser Gly Thr65 70 75
80Gly Leu Arg Ile Met Ile Phe Ser Trp Ile Val Ser Asn His Phe Asn
85 90 95Leu Trp Leu Ala Thr Ile
Phe Ser Ile Phe Tyr Leu Leu Lys Ile Ala 100
105 110Ser Phe Ser Ser Pro Ala Phe Leu Tyr Leu Lys Trp
Arg Val Asn Lys 115 120 125Val Ile
Leu Met Ile Leu Leu Gly Thr Leu Val Phe Leu Phe Leu Asn 130
135 140Leu Ile Gln Ile Asn Met His Ile Lys Asp Trp
Leu Asp Arg Tyr Glu145 150 155
160Arg Asn Thr Thr Trp Asn Phe Ser Met Ser Asp Phe Glu Thr Phe Ser
165 170 175Val Ser Val Lys
Phe Thr Met Thr Met Phe Ser Leu Thr Pro Phe Thr 180
185 190Val Ala Phe Ile Ser Phe Leu Leu Leu Ile Phe
Ser Leu Gln Lys His 195 200 205Leu
Gln Lys Met Gln Leu Asn Tyr Lys Gly His Arg Asp Pro Arg Thr 210
215 220Lys Val His Thr Asn Ala Leu Lys Ile Val
Ile Ser Phe Leu Leu Phe225 230 235
240Tyr Ala Ser Phe Phe Leu Cys Val Leu Ile Ser Trp Ile Ser Glu
Leu 245 250 255Tyr Gln Asn
Thr Val Ile Tyr Met Leu Cys Glu Thr Ile Gly Val Phe 260
265 270Ser Pro Ser Ser His Ser Phe Leu Leu Ile
Leu Gly Asn Ala Lys Leu 275 280
285Arg Gln Ala Phe Leu Leu Val Ala Ala Lys Val Trp 290
295 30059912DNAHomo sapienshuman T2R13, GR13 or SF13
59atggaaagtg ccctgccgag tatcttcact cttgtaataa ttgcagaatt cataattggg
60aatttgagca atggatttat agtactgatc aactgcattg actgggtcag taaaagagag
120ctgtcctcag tcgataaact cctcattatc ttggcaatct ccagaattgg gctgatctgg
180gaaatattag taagttggtt tttagctctg cattatctag ccatatttgt gtctggaaca
240ggattaagaa ttatgatttt tagctggata gtttctaatc acttcaatct ctggcttgct
300acaatcttca gcatctttta tttgctcaaa atagcgagtt tctctagccc tgcttttctc
360tatttgaagt ggagagtaaa caaagtgatt ctgatgatac tgctaggaac cttggtcttc
420ttatttttaa atctgataca aataaacatg catataaaag actggctgga ccgatatgaa
480agaaacacaa cttggaattt cagtatgagt gactttgaaa cattttcagt gtcggtcaaa
540ttcactatga ctatgttcag tctaacacca tttactgtgg ccttcatctc ttttctcctg
600ttaattttct ccctgcagaa acatctccag aaaatgcaac tcaattacaa aggacacaga
660gaccccagga ccaaggtcca tacaaatgcc ttgaaaattg tgatctcatt ccttttattc
720tatgctagtt tctttctatg tgttctcata tcatggattt ctgagctgta tcagaacaca
780gtgatctaca tgctttgtga gacgattgga gtcttctctc cttcaagcca ctcctttctt
840ctgattctag gaaacgctaa gttaagacag gcctttcttt tggtggcagc taaggtatgg
900gctaaacgat ga
91260317PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R14, GR14 or SF14 60Met Gly Gly Val Ile
Lys Ser Ile Phe Thr Phe Val Leu Ile Val Glu1 5
10 15Phe Ile Ile Gly Asn Leu Gly Asn Ser Phe Ile
Ala Leu Val Asn Cys 20 25
30Ile Asp Trp Val Lys Gly Arg Lys Ile Ser Ser Val Asp Arg Ile Leu
35 40 45Thr Ala Leu Ala Ile Ser Arg Ile
Ser Leu Val Trp Leu Ile Phe Gly 50 55
60Ser Trp Cys Val Ser Val Phe Phe Pro Ala Leu Phe Ala Thr Glu Lys65
70 75 80Met Phe Arg Met Leu
Thr Asn Ile Trp Thr Val Ile Asn His Phe Ser 85
90 95Val Trp Leu Ala Thr Gly Leu Gly Thr Phe Tyr
Phe Leu Lys Ile Ala 100 105
110Asn Phe Ser Asn Ser Ile Phe Leu Tyr Leu Lys Trp Arg Val Lys Lys
115 120 125Val Val Leu Val Leu Leu Leu
Val Thr Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Leu Asn 130 135
140Ile Ala Leu Ile Asn Ile His Ile Asn Ala Ser Ile Asn Gly Tyr
Arg145 150 155 160Arg Asn
Lys Thr Cys Ser Ser Asp Ser Ser Asn Phe Thr Arg Phe Ser
165 170 175Ser Leu Ile Val Leu Thr Ser
Thr Val Phe Ile Phe Ile Pro Phe Thr 180 185
190Leu Ser Leu Ala Met Phe Leu Leu Leu Ile Phe Ser Met Trp
Lys His 195 200 205Arg Lys Lys Met
Gln His Thr Val Lys Ile Ser Gly Asp Ala Ser Thr 210
215 220Lys Ala His Arg Gly Val Lys Ser Val Ile Thr Phe
Phe Leu Leu Tyr225 230 235
240Ala Ile Phe Ser Leu Ser Phe Phe Ile Ser Val Trp Thr Ser Glu Arg
245 250 255Leu Glu Glu Asn Leu
Ile Ile Leu Ser Gln Val Met Gly Met Ala Tyr 260
265 270Pro Ser Cys His Ser Cys Val Leu Ile Leu Gly Asn
Lys Lys Leu Arg 275 280 285Gln Ala
Ser Leu Ser Val Leu Leu Trp Leu Arg Tyr Met Phe Lys Asp 290
295 300Gly Glu Pro Ser Gly His Lys Glu Phe Arg Glu
Ser Ser305 310 31561954DNAHomo
sapienshuman T2R 14, GR14 or SF14 61atgggtggtg tcataaagag catatttaca
ttcgttttaa ttgtggaatt tataattgga 60aatttaggaa atagtttcat agcactggtg
aactgtattg actgggtcaa gggaagaaag 120atctcttcgg ttgatcggat cctcactgct
ttggcaatct ctcgaattag cctggtttgg 180ttaatattcg gaagctggtg tgtgtctgtg
tttttcccag ctttatttgc cactgaaaaa 240atgttcagaa tgcttactaa tatctggaca
gtgatcaatc attttagtgt ctggttagct 300acaggcctcg gtacttttta ttttctcaag
atagccaatt tttctaactc tatttttctc 360tacctaaagt ggagggttaa aaaggtggtt
ttggtgctgc ttcttgtgac ttcggtcttc 420ttgtttttaa atattgcact gataaacatc
catataaatg ccagtatcaa tggatacaga 480agaaacaaga cttgcagttc tgattcaagt
aactttacac gattttccag tcttattgta 540ttaaccagca ctgtgttcat tttcataccc
tttactttgt ccctggcaat gtttcttctc 600ctcatcttct ccatgtggaa acatcgcaag
aagatgcagc acactgtcaa aatatccgga 660gacgccagca ccaaagccca cagaggagtt
aaaagtgtga tcactttctt cctactctat 720gccattttct ctctgtcttt tttcatatca
gtttggacct ctgaaaggtt ggaggaaaat 780ctaattattc tttcccaggt gatgggaatg
gcttatcctt catgtcactc atgtgttctg 840attcttggaa acaagaagct gagacaggcc
tctctgtcag tgctactgtg gctgaggtac 900atgttcaaag atggggagcc ctcaggtcac
aaagaattta gagaatcatc ttga 95462300PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R15,
GR15 or SF15 62Met Ile Thr Phe Leu Pro Ile Ile Phe Ser Ile Leu Val Val
Val Thr1 5 10 15Phe Val
Leu Gly Asn Phe Ala Asn Gly Phe Ile Val Leu Val Asn Ser 20
25 30Ile Glu Trp Val Lys Arg Gln Lys Ile
Ser Phe Ala Asp Gln Ile Leu 35 40
45Thr Ala Leu Ala Val Ser Arg Val Gly Leu Leu Trp Val Ile Leu Leu 50
55 60His Trp Tyr Ala Thr Val Leu Asn Pro
Gly Ser Tyr Ser Leu Gly Val65 70 75
80Arg Ile Thr Thr Ile Asn Ala Trp Ala Val Thr Asn His Phe
Ser Ile 85 90 95Trp Val
Ala Thr Ser Leu Ser Ile Phe Tyr Phe Leu Lys Ile Ala Asn 100
105 110Phe Ser Asn Phe Ile Phe Leu His Leu
Lys Arg Arg Ile Lys Ser Val 115 120
125Ile Pro Val Ile Leu Leu Gly Ser Leu Leu Phe Leu Val Cys His Leu
130 135 140Val Val Val Asn Met Asp Glu
Ser Met Trp Thr Lys Glu Tyr Glu Gly145 150
155 160Asn Val Ser Trp Glu Ile Lys Leu Ser Asp Pro Thr
His Leu Ser Asp 165 170
175Met Thr Val Thr Thr Leu Ala Asn Leu Ile Pro Phe Thr Leu Ser Leu
180 185 190Leu Ser Phe Leu Leu Leu
Ile Cys Ser Leu Cys Lys His Leu Lys Lys 195 200
205Met Gln Phe His Gly Lys Gly Ser Pro Asp Ser Asn Thr Lys
Val His 210 215 220Ile Lys Ala Leu Gln
Thr Val Thr Ser Phe Leu Leu Leu Phe Ala Val225 230
235 240Tyr Phe Leu Ser Leu Ile Thr Ser Ile Trp
Asn Phe Arg Arg Arg Leu 245 250
255Xaa Asn Glu Pro Val Leu Met Leu Ser Gln Thr Thr Ala Ile Ile Tyr
260 265 270Pro Ser Phe His Ser
Phe Ile Leu Ile Trp Gly Ser Lys Lys Leu Lys 275
280 285Gln Thr Phe Leu Leu Ile Leu Cys Gln Ile Lys Cys
290 295 30063903DNAHomo sapienshuman
T2R15, GR15 or SF15 63atgataactt ttctacccat cattttttcc attctagtag
tggttacatt tgttcttggg 60aattttgcta atggcttcat agtgttggta aattccattg
agtgggtcaa gagacaaaag 120atctcctttg ctgaccaaat tctcactgct ctggcagtct
ccagagttgg tttgctctgg 180gtaatattat tacattggta tgcaactgtt ttgaatccag
gttcatatag tttaggagta 240agaattacta ctattaatgc ctgggctgta accaaccatt
tcagcatctg ggttgctact 300agcctcagca tattttattt cctcaagatt gccaatttct
ccaactttat ttttcttcac 360ttaaaaagga gaattaagag tgtcattcca gtgatactat
tggggtcttt gttatttttg 420gtttgtcatc ttgttgtggt aaacatggat gagagtatgt
ggacaaaaga atatgaagga 480aacgtgagtt gggagatcaa attgagtgat ccgacgcacc
tttcagatat gactgtaacc 540acgcttgcaa acttaatacc ctttactctg tccctgttat
cttttctgct cttaatctgt 600tctttgtgta aacatctcaa gaagatgcag ttccatggca
aaggatctcc agattccaac 660accaaggtcc acataaaagc tttgcaaacg gtgacctcct
tcctcttgtt atttgctgtt 720tactttctgt ccctaatcac atcgatttgg aattttagga
ggaggctgta gaacgaacct 780gtcctcatgc tcagccaaac tactgcaatt atataccctt
catttcattc attcatccta 840atttggggaa gcaagaagct gaaacagacc tttcttttga
ttttgtgtca gattaagtgc 900tga
90364291PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R16, GR16 or S16
64Met Ile Pro Ile Gln Leu Thr Val Phe Phe Met Ile Ile Tyr Val Leu1
5 10 15Glu Ser Leu Thr Ile Ile
Val Gln Ser Ser Leu Ile Val Ala Val Leu 20 25
30Gly Arg Glu Trp Leu Gln Val Arg Arg Leu Met Pro Val
Asp Met Ile 35 40 45Leu Ile Ser
Leu Gly Ile Ser Arg Phe Cys Leu Gln Trp Ala Ser Met 50
55 60Leu Asn Asn Phe Cys Ser Tyr Phe Asn Leu Asn Tyr
Val Leu Cys Asn65 70 75
80Leu Thr Ile Thr Trp Glu Phe Phe Asn Ile Leu Thr Phe Trp Leu Asn
85 90 95Ser Leu Leu Thr Val Phe
Tyr Cys Ile Lys Val Ser Ser Phe Thr His 100
105 110His Ile Phe Leu Trp Leu Arg Trp Arg Ile Leu Arg
Leu Phe Pro Trp 115 120 125Ile Leu
Leu Gly Ser Leu Met Ile Thr Cys Val Thr Ile Ile Pro Ser 130
135 140Ala Ile Gly Asn Tyr Ile Gln Ile Gln Leu Leu
Thr Met Glu His Leu145 150 155
160Pro Arg Asn Ser Thr Val Thr Asp Lys Leu Glu Asn Phe His Gln Tyr
165 170 175Gln Phe Gln Ala
His Thr Val Ala Leu Val Ile Pro Phe Ile Leu Phe 180
185 190Leu Ala Ser Thr Ile Phe Leu Met Ala Ser Leu
Thr Lys Gln Ile Gln 195 200 205His
His Ser Thr Gly His Cys Asn Pro Ser Met Lys Ala Arg Phe Thr 210
215 220Ala Leu Arg Ser Leu Ala Val Leu Phe Ile
Val Phe Thr Ser Tyr Phe225 230 235
240Leu Thr Ile Leu Ile Thr Ile Ile Gly Thr Leu Phe Asp Lys Arg
Cys 245 250 255Trp Leu Trp
Val Trp Glu Ala Phe Val Tyr Ala Phe Ile Leu Met His 260
265 270Ser Thr Ser Leu Met Leu Ser Ser Pro Thr
Leu Lys Arg Ile Leu Lys 275 280
285Gly Lys Cys 29065876DNAHomo sapienshuman T2R16, GR16 or SF16
65atgataccca tccaactcac tgtcttcttc atgatcatct atgtgcttga gtccttgaca
60attattgtgc agagcagcct aattgttgca gtgctgggca gagaatggct gcaagtcaga
120aggctgatgc ctgtggacat gattctcatc agcctgggca tctctcgctt ctgtctacag
180tgggcatcaa tgctgaacaa tttttgctcc tattttaatt tgaattatgt actttgcaac
240ttaacaatca cctgggaatt ttttaatatc cttacattct ggttaaacag cttgcttacc
300gtgttctact gcatcaaggt ctcttctttc acccatcaca tctttctctg gctgaggtgg
360agaattttga ggttgtttcc ctggatatta ctgggttctc tgatgattac ttgtgtaaca
420atcatccctt cagctattgg gaattacatt caaattcagt tactcaccat ggagcatcta
480ccaagaaaca gcactgtaac tgacaaactt gaaaattttc atcagtatca gttccaggct
540catacagttg cattggttat tcctttcatc ctgttcctgg cctccaccat ctttctcatg
600gcatcactga ccaagcagat acaacatcat agcactggtc actgcaatcc aagcatgaaa
660gcgcgcttca ctgccctgag gtcccttgcc gtcttattta ttgtgtttac ctcttacttt
720ctaaccatac tcatcaccat tataggtact ctatttgata agagatgttg gttatgggtc
780tgggaagctt ttgtctatgc tttcatctta atgcattcca cttcactgat gctgagcagc
840cctacgttga aaaggattct aaagggaaag tgctag
87666144PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R17, GR17 or SF17 66Gly Ile Leu Ser Ile
Leu Val Val Phe Ala Phe Val Leu Gly Asn Val1 5
10 15Ala Asn Gly Phe Ile Ala Leu Val Asn Val Asn
Asp Trp Val Lys Thr 20 25
30Gln Lys Ile Ser Ser Thr Asp Gln Ile Val Thr Ala Leu Ala Phe Ser
35 40 45Arg Ile Gly Leu Leu Xaa Ile Ile
Leu Leu His Trp Tyr Ala Thr Val 50 55
60Phe Asn Ser Ala Leu Tyr Ser Leu Glu Val Arg Ile Val Pro Ser Asn65
70 75 80Val Ser Ala Ile Ile
Asn His Phe Ser Ile Trp Leu Ala Thr Ser Leu 85
90 95Ser Ile Phe Tyr Leu Phe Lys Ile Ala Asn Phe
Ser Asn Phe Ile Phe 100 105
110Leu His Leu Lys Lys Arg Ile Lys Ser Val Leu Leu Val Ile Leu Leu
115 120 125Gly Ser Leu Val Phe Leu Ile
Cys Asn Leu Ala Val Val Thr Met Gly 130 135
14067554DNAHomo sapienshuman T2R17, GR17 or SF17 67gggcatttta
tcaattctgg tagtgtttgc atttgttctt ggaaatgttg ccaatggctt 60catagctcta
gttaatgtca atgactgggt taagacacaa aagatctcct caactgacca 120aattgtcact
gctctggcat tctccagaat tggtttactt tgatcatatt attacattgg 180tatgcaactg
tgtttaattc agctttatat agtttagaag taagaattgt tccttctaat 240gtctcggcaa
taatcaatca tttcagcatt tggcttgcta cgagcctcag catattttat 300ttgttcaaga
ttgccaattt ctccaatttt atttttctcc acctaaagaa gagaattaag 360agtgttcttc
ttgtgatact gttggggtcc ttggtatttt tgatttgtaa tcttgctgtg 420gtaaccatgg
gatgacaggt gtgtggacaa aagaatttga aggaaatgtg acttgggaag 480gatcgaattg
aggaatgcaa tacacctttc aaacatgact ataacccaac catgctagca 540aacttcacac
tgta 5546887PRTHomo
sapienshuman T2R18, GR18 or SF18 68Met Phe Val Gly Ile Asn Ile Phe Phe
Leu Val Val Ala Thr Arg Gly1 5 10
15Leu Val Leu Gly Met Leu Gly Asn Gly Leu Ile Gly Leu Val Asn
Cys 20 25 30Ile Glu Trp Ala
Lys Ser Trp Lys Val Ser Ser Ala Asp Phe Ile Leu 35
40 45Thr Ser Leu Ala Ile Val Arg Ile Ile Arg Leu Tyr
Leu Ile Leu Phe 50 55 60Asp Ser Phe
Ile Met Val Leu Ser Pro His Leu Tyr Thr Ile Arg Lys65 70
75 80Leu Val Lys Leu Phe Thr Ile
8569399DNAHomo sapienshuman T2R18, GR18 or SF18 69tcctgaaatt
tggctatgcc ctctgaaatt ngtgatgaaa accatagatt agaaagcatc 60ataaatgcat
gcccatctgc aactgtttga cntataaagc tgtcagtgaa gtagaatatc 120ggaaatattt
tcatagaaat gttcgttgga attaatattt tctttctggt ggtggcaaca 180agaggacttg
tcttaggaat gctgggaaac gggctcattg gactggtaaa ctgcattgag 240tgggccaaga
gttggaaggt ctcatcagct gatttcatcc tcaccagctt ggctatagtc 300agaatcattc
gactgtattt aatactattt gattcattta taatggtatt gtcccctcat 360ctatatacca
tccgtaaact agtaaaactg tttactatt 39970121PRTHomo
sapienshuman T2R19, GR19 or SF19 70Val Thr Thr Leu Ala Asn Leu Ile Pro
Phe Thr Leu Ser Leu Ile Cys1 5 10
15Phe Leu Leu Leu Ile Cys Ser Leu Cys Lys His Leu Lys Lys Met
Arg 20 25 30Leu His Ser Lys
Gly Ser Gln Asp Pro Ser Thr Lys Val His Ile Lys 35
40 45Ala Leu Gln Thr Val Thr Ser Phe Leu Met Leu Phe
Ala Ile Tyr Phe 50 55 60Leu Cys Ile
Ile Thr Ser Thr Trp Asn Leu Arg Thr Gln Gln Ser Lys65 70
75 80Leu Val Leu Leu Leu Cys Gln Thr
Val Ala Ile Met Tyr Pro Ser Phe 85 90
95His Ser Phe Ile Leu Ile Met Gly Ser Arg Lys Leu Lys Gln
Thr Phe 100 105 110Leu Ser Val
Leu Trp Gln Met Thr Cys 115 12071466DNAHomo
sapienshuman T2R19, GR19 or SF19 71ctgtaactac tctagcaaac ctcataccct
ttactctgag cctaatatgt tttctgctgt 60taatctgttc tctttgtaaa catctcaaga
agatgcggct ccatagcaaa ggatctcaag 120atcccagcac caaggtccat ataaaagctt
tgcaaactgt gacctccttc ctcatgttat 180ttgccattta ctttctgtgt ataatcacat
caacttggaa tcttaggaca cagcagagca 240aacttgtact cctgctttgc caaactgttg
caatcatgta tccttcattc cactcattca 300tcctgattat gggaagtagg aagctaaaac
agacctttct ttcagttttg tggcagatga 360catgctgagt gaaagaagag aaaccctcaa
ctccatagat tcacaagggg agcatcgtgg 420gtcttctagc agaaaacaaa ctgatggtgt
ctggaacatt ttatat 46672129PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R20,
GR20 or SF20 72His Leu Xaa Arg Lys Ala Lys Ser Val Val Leu Val Ile Val
Leu Gly1 5 10 15Ser Leu
Phe Phe Leu Val Cys Gln Leu Val Met Lys Asn Thr Tyr Ile 20
25 30Asn Val Trp Thr Glu Glu Cys Glu Gly
Asn Val Thr Trp Lys Ile Lys 35 40
45Leu Arg Asn Ala Met His Leu Ser Asn Leu Thr Val Ala Met Leu Ala 50
55 60Asn Leu Ile Pro Phe Thr Leu Thr Val
Ile Ser Phe Leu Leu Leu Ile65 70 75
80Tyr Ser Leu Cys Lys His Leu Lys Lys Met Gln Leu His Gly
Lys Gly 85 90 95Ser Gln
Asp Pro Ser Thr Lys Ile His Ile Lys Ala Leu Gln Thr Val 100
105 110Thr Ser Phe Leu Val Leu Leu Ala Ile
Tyr Phe Leu Cys Leu Ile Ile 115 120
125Ser73397DNAHomo sapienshuman T2R20, GR20 or SF20 73ttcatcactt
anaaaggaag gctaagagtg tagttctggt gatagtgttg gggtctttgt 60tctttttggt
ttgtcaactt gtgatgaaaa acacgtatat aaatgtgtgg acagaagaat 120gtgaaggaaa
cgtaacttgg aagatcaaac tgaggaatgc aatgcacctt tccaacttga 180ctgtagccat
gctagcaaac ttgataccat tcactctgac cgtgatatct tttctgctgt 240taatctactc
tctgtgtaaa catctgaaga agatgcagct ccatggcaaa ggatctcaag 300atcccagcac
caagatccac ataaaagctc tgcaaactgt gacctccttc ctcgtattac 360ttgccattta
ctttctgtgt ctaatcatat ccttttg 3977465PRTHomo
sapienshuman T2R21, GR21 or SF21 74Met Ile Thr Phe Leu Pro Ile Ile Phe
Ser Ile Leu Ile Val Val Ile1 5 10
15Phe Val Ile Gly Lys Phe Ala Asn Gly Phe Ile Ala Leu Val Asn
Ser 20 25 30Ile Glu Trp Val
Lys Arg Gln Lys Ile Ser Phe Val Asp Gln Ile Leu 35
40 45Thr Ala Leu Xaa Gly Leu Arg Val Trp Leu Leu Trp
Val Val Leu Leu 50 55
60His6575383DNAHomo sapienshuman T2R21, GR21 or SF21 75ttatccatta
gcatgccatg gtgatttctg acttgacact ggtcacagca attaaaagta 60aaaagaatgt
cacagcacat acacaaatca ggtgcatata gaatttaagg tcaggatatt 120caagcaatca
caaccagtga tattacacca gcattttaaa aatttctttn tgtctgttca 180gacatgataa
cttttctgcc catcattttt tccattctaa tagtggttat atttgttatt 240gggaaatttg
ctaatggctt catagcattg gtaaattcca ttgagtgggt caagagacaa 300aagatctcct
ttgttgacca aattctcact gctctgngcg gtctcagagt ntggttgctc 360tgggtggtat
tactacattt gag 3837690PRTHomo
sapienshuman T2R22, GR22 or SF22 76Met Ala Thr Glu Ser Asp Thr Asn Leu
Leu Ile Leu Ala Ile Ala Glu1 5 10
15Phe Ile Ile Ser Met Leu Gly Asn Val Phe Ile Gly Leu Val Asn
Cys 20 25 30Ser Glu Xaa Ile
Lys Asn Xaa Lys Val Phe Ser Ala Asp Phe Ile Leu 35
40 45Thr Cys Leu Ala Ile Ser His Asn Gly Gln Leu Leu
Val Ile Leu Phe 50 55 60Asp Ser Phe
Leu Val Gly Leu Ala Ser His Leu Tyr Thr Thr Tyr Arg65 70
75 80Leu Xaa Lys Asn Cys Ile Met Leu
Trp Thr 85 9077656DNAHomo sapienshuman
T2R22, GR22 or SF22 77tatagggacn gtgatgcttc gtacactctc caagaagaaa
cactccgtga ggtatgtgag 60actgcatncc ttagtagatc tnttgggata tatattcata
atatagaaaa anaggcaaag 120acttncttaa gtatatgaga ctctatccaa cagcagaagg
ttctgatcaa gactggaagt 180gcaatanaag caatgaagat aagtatcaga tatgaatgct
cttctgcaat ggtctgattg 240tnacattatt aatgatacan agtattaaaa acttggattt
tnttgtctct ggagatggcc 300accgaatcgg acacaaatct tctgattctg gcaatagcag
aattcatcat cagcatgctg 360gggaatgtgt tcattggact ggtaaactgc tctgaangga
tcaagaacca naaggtcttc 420tcagctgact tcatcctcac ctgcttggct atctctcaca
atggacaact gttggtgata 480ctgtttgatt catttctagt gggacttgct tcacatctat
ataccacata tagactanga 540aaaaactgta ttatgctttg gacatgacta atcacttgac
acactgcttc gcacgtgcta 600gcatattcta ttcttagata gccacttcnc actccttgtc
tctgctgaag tgggat 6567872PRTHomo sapienshuman T2R23, GR23 or SF23
78Val Ala Phe Val Leu Gly Asn Val Ala Asn Gly Phe Ile Ala Leu Val1
5 10 15Asn Val Ile Asp Xaa Val
Asn Thr Arg Lys Ile Ser Ser Ala Glu Gln 20 25
30Ile Leu Thr Ala Leu Val Val Ser Arg Ile Gly Xaa Thr
Leu Xaa His 35 40 45Ser Ile Pro
Xaa Asp Ala Thr Arg Cys Xaa Ser Ala Leu Tyr Arg Xaa 50
55 60Glu Val Arg Ile Val Ala Ser Asn65
7079589DNAHomo sapienshuman T2R23, GR23 or SF23 79agggttgagt cgtgcttatc
ttcacttaac ctagtatana antacagcat atagcaagga 60gagaatgtat atgaagagga
gtgaatttga gtctgtttga gaataatgac cttttctatt 120tctataaaga cagttttgaa
ttcatctatt agcatatgct ggtgcttgcc tgttgacact 180agtcactgaa tttaaaggca
gaaaatgtta ttgcacattt agtaatcaag tgttcatcga 240agttaacatc tggatgttaa
aggactcaga acaagtgtta ctaagcctgc atttttttat 300ctgttcaaac atgatgtgtt
ntctgctcat catttcatca attctggtag agttgcattt 360gttcttggaa atgtngccaa
tggcttcata gctctagtaa atgtcattga ctgngttaac 420acacgaaaga tctcctcagc
tgagcaaatt ctcactgctc tggtggtctc cagaattggt 480nntactctgn gtcatagtat
tccttgagat gcaactagat gttaatctgc tctatatagg 540ntagaagtaa gaattgttgc
ttctaatgcc tgagctcgta cgaaccatt 5898068PRTHomo
sapienshuman T2R24, GR24 or SF24 80Met Ala Thr Glu Leu Asp Lys Ile Phe
Leu Ile Met Ala Val Ala Glu1 5 10
15Phe Ile Ile Ser Met Leu Gly Asn Val Phe Ile Gly Leu Val Asn
Cys 20 25 30Ser Glu Gly Ile
Thr Asn Gln Asn Val Val Leu Ala Asp Phe Ile Leu 35
40 45Thr Cys Met Ala Ser Leu Thr Ile Gly Gln Leu Val
Val Ile Leu Phe 50 55 60Asp Tyr Phe
Leu6581528DNAHomo sapienshuman T2R24, GR24 or SF24 81agtcacnnna
tgaagactgg ggacctcgta ttcaccnctc tctagagaaa agaaaacact 60ctcgagaagg
tatgtgagac tgcagacctt agtagatctt gtgggattaa gaacagaatt 120atggtcaaaa
taggccaaga cttccttaag tatatgagac tctatccaac agcagaaggt 180tctgatcaag
actggagagg caataaaagc aatgaagata agtatcagat atgaatgctc 240ttctgcaatg
gtgtgattgt aaatttatta atgatacaaa gtattaaaga cttggatttt 300ttcgtctctg
gagatggcca ccgaattgga caaaatcttt ctgattatgg cagtagcaga 360attcatcatc
agcatgctgg ggaatgtgtt cattggactg gtcaactgct ctgaagggat 420cacaaaccaa
aatgtcgttc tagctgactt catactcacc tgcatggcta gtctcacaat 480tggacaactg
gtggtgatac tgtttgatta tttcttgtgt gacttgtg
5288220PRTArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceT2R family
consensus sequence 1, transmembrane region 1, amino acids
encoded by degenerate primer set 82Glu Xaa Xaa Xaa Gly Xaa Xaa Gly Asn
Xaa Phe Ile Xaa Leu Val Asn1 5 10
15Cys Xaa Asp Trp 208314PRTArtificial
SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceT2R family consensus
sequence 2, transmembrane region 2, amino acids encoded by
degenerate primer set 83Xaa Xaa Xaa Leu Xaa Xaa Leu Ala Ile Ser Arg Ile
Xaa Leu1 5 108413PRTArtificial
SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceT2R family consensus
sequence 3, transmembrane region 3, amino acids encoded by
degenerate primer set 84Asn His Xaa Xaa Xaa Trp Xaa Xaa Thr Xaa Leu Xaa
Xaa1 5 108518PRTArtificial
SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceT2R family consensus
sequence 4, transmembrane region 3, amino acids encoded by
degenerate primer set 85Phe Tyr Xaa Leu Lys Ile Ala Xaa Phe Ser Xaa Xaa
Xaa Phe Leu Xaa1 5 10
15Leu Lys8614PRTArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceT2R
family consensus sequence 5, transmembrane region 5, amino
acids encoded by degenerate primer set 86Leu Leu Ile Xaa Ser Leu Trp Xaa
His Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa1 5
108714PRTArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceT2R family
consensus sequence 6, transmembrane region 7, amino acids
encoded by degenerate primer set 87His Ser Xaa Xaa Leu Ile Xaa Xaa Asn
Xaa Lys Leu Xaa Xaa1 5 10889PRTArtificial
SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceT2R1 signature sequence 1,
amino acids encoded by PCR primers identifying polymorphic variants,
interspecies homologs and alleles of T2R family members 88Lys Met
Ala Pro Leu Asp Leu Leu Leu1 58911PRTArtificial
SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceT2R1 signature sequence 2,
amino acids encoded by PCR primers identifying polymorphic variants,
interspecies homologs and alleles of T2R family members 89Ala Thr
Trp Leu Gly Val Phe Tyr Cys Ala Lys1 5
109010PRTArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial SequenceSf01
signature sequence 3, amino acids encoded by PCR primers identifying
polymorphic variants, interspecies homologs and alleles of Sf family
members 90Leu Ser Ile Leu Ser Phe Leu Ile Leu Tyr1 5
10919PRTArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial
SequenceT2R1 signature sequence 4, amino acids encoded by PCR
primers identifying polymorphic variants, interspecies homologs
and alleles of T2R family members 91Leu Ile Leu Gly Asn Pro Lys Leu Lys1
592343DNARattus sp.rat T2R04, GR04 or SF04 sequence
approximately 1100 bp 3' to SEQ ID NO8 92aagtccagcc ctctccccca
caggatttag gtgcagggag ctgtttgacc acttcaattc 60agtcctgggt gtagaccaga
accacaggta aaaaagaatg acttcattaa attagcagac 120aaatgggtgg aactagaaaa
tgtcatcctg ggctggagag atggctcagt ggttcagacc 180actggctgct cttccagagg
tcctgagttc aattcccaac aactatatgg tggctaccaa 240ccattacaat gagatcagat
gccctcctct tgtgtatctg aagagagtga cagtgtactt 300acatacataa aataaataaa
taaatctaaa aaaatgttaa aaa 34393549DNARattus sp.rat
T2R03, GR03 or SF03 sequence separated from SEQ ID NO6 by
intervening sequence (IVS) 93acaagggaaa gtgactcttc agatttaagt ttaaaattag
aagagagata aatttcccaa 60gctttcactc ctaaggctaa agataggctg tgtaggtagt
tatttctgag cacattggca 120catcaccatt gtcagtactt gagggtttga atgaagctca
ctcaaagaac ttggaaagaa 180ggtggtcttc tgacatcaat caagaaacaa gctttcctcc
ctacttcttc cctaaatgca 240acaacctaag aattatccac aagatggatg gcgcaagggt
tcctcaatca atttcaggat 300gtacatcaat gcgcagccta tactacaccg aaaaggaagc
gcatgggtct taaaaagtaa 360aggggatatc aaaaaattcg caaccaaaca aaaagtggca
cacatttaag ctaggtctat 420gtttggtcag ttacacctgg agaaggggga catttggtca
gctcattcga acactgtcaa 480gtcctaccna caattcctct atgctattac ccattaaacc
tcaggtctca tcgaaaaaaa 540aaaaaaaaa
54994200PRTArtificial SequenceDescription of
Artificial Sequencepoly Gly flexible linker 94Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly
Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly1 5
10 15Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly
Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly 20 25
30Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly
35 40 45Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly
Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly 50 55
60Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly65
70 75 80Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly
Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly 85
90 95Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly
Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly 100 105
110Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly
115 120 125Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly
Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly 130 135
140Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly
Gly145 150 155 160Gly Gly
Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly
165 170 175Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly
Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly 180 185
190Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly 195
20095903DNAMus musculusmT2R5 95atgctgagtg cggcagaagg catcctcctt
tccattgcaa ctgttgaagc tgggctggga 60gttttaggga acacatttat tgcactggta
aactgcatgg actgggccaa gaacaataag 120ctttctatga ctggcttcct tctcatcggc
ttagcaactt ccaggatttt tattgtgtgg 180ctattaactt tagatgcata tgcaaagcta
ttctatccaa gtaagtattt ttctagtagt 240ctgattgaaa tcatctctta tatatggatg
actgtgaatc acctgactgt ctggtttgcc 300accagcctaa gcatcttcta tttcctgaag
atagccaatt tttccgactg tgtatttctc 360tggttgaaga ggagaactga taaagctttt
gtttttctct tggggtgttt gctaacttca 420tgggtaatct ccttctcatt tgttgtgaag
gtgatgaagg acggtaaagt gaatcataga 480aacaggacct cggagatgta ctgggagaaa
aggcaattca ctattaacta cgttttcctc 540aatattggag tcatttctct ctttatgatg
accttaactg catgtttctt gttaattatg 600tcactttgga gacacagcag gcagatgcag
tctggtgttt caggattcag agacctcaac 660acagaagctc atgtgaaagc cataaaattt
ttaatttcat ttatcatcct tttcgtcttg 720tattttatag gtgtttcaat agaaattatc
tgcatattta taccagaaaa caaactgcta 780tttatttttg gtttcacaac tgcatccata
tatccttgct gtcactcatt tattctaatt 840ctatctaaca gccagctaaa gcaagccttt
gtaaaggtac tgcaaggatt aaagttcttt 900tag
903
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