Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090303524 | Operation control program, operation control method, image forming apparatus, and memory resource allocation method - An operation control program controls a computer provided in an image forming apparatus to serve as: a service section which discriminates an operation of a service requested by a user, and constructs a job corresponding to the operation by selecting one or a plurality of job scenarios prepared in advance as constituting element of the job and using the selected job scenario; and a job performing section for executing sequentially a processing indicated by each job scenario constituting the job constructed by the service section. | 12-10-2009 |
20100245914 | IMAGE PROCESSING APPARATUS AND METHOD - Provided is an image processing apparatus configured as follows. A mode specification table in a storage device contains mode specification information obtained by associating a job designated by a user. The mode specification information indicates which of a page mode and a band mode is to be selected when the job is performed. An operation panel detects a first user operation for inputting the job and a second user operation for starting the job. A main controller, using the mode specification information, specifies the mode corresponding to the job designated by the first user operation. A main controller causes a data acquisition circuit to acquire image data upon detection of the second user operation and causes an image processing circuit to perform a data processing according to the specified mode. | 09-30-2010 |
20110236102 | SHEET CURL CORRECTION APPARATUS AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS - The present invention includes a supporting member that supports a first roller and a second roller, a first actuator that rotates the supporting member, a first gear that is connected to an end of second roller on the first actuator side, a second gear that is threadably engaged with the first gear, a third gear that rotates coaxially with the second gear, an input gear that threadably engages with the third gear, and a second actuator that transmits a rotational force to the input gear. The third rotation shaft extends in parallel in a first plane that includes the leading edge and the trailing edge of the nip, the first actuator rotates the supporting member between a first position at which the sheet is received from the leading edge of the nip and a second position at which the sheet is received from the trailing edge of the nip. | 09-29-2011 |
20120293838 | Image Forming Apparatus Using Option Controller for Printing - An image forming apparatus includes a print engine configured to print an image based on raster image data, a main controller configured to execute a process that depends on the print engine, and a relay unit configured to receive the raster image data from an option controller that generates the raster image data, store the raster image data in a memory, receive a control command based on a result of the process that depends on the print engine from the main controller, read the raster image data from the memory in accordance with the control command, and supply the read raster image data to the print engine. | 11-22-2012 |
20130038906 | Image Forming Apparatus Having a File System - An image forming apparatus includes a main storage unit; an auxiliary storage unit; a file system configured to manage a file stored in the auxiliary storage unit; and an input-output processing unit configured to use an area in the main storage unit to perform file access to a file in the file system. The area is in a storage area that is not managed by an operating system and the area is specified with a physical address in an instruction from a user process. | 02-14-2013 |
20140372997 | COMPUTER-READABLE NON-TRANSITORY RECORDING MEDIUM HAVING SOFTWARE UPDATE PROGRAM RECORDED THEREON, AND SOFTWARE UPDATE APPARATUS - A software update program recorded on a computer-readable non-transitory recording medium causes a computer to act as an update instruction unit that instructs an electronic apparatus to update software, and a method selection unit that selects a method that requires a shorter time, from normal updating in which the electronic apparatus receives renewed software and updates current software to the renewed software, and incremental updating in which the electronic apparatus receives difference data between the renewed software and the current software and applies the difference data to the current software for updating to the renewed software. The update instruction unit instructs the electronic apparatus to update the software by the normal update method when the method selection unit selects the normal update method, and instructs the electronic apparatus to update the software by the incremental update method when the method selection unit selects the incremental update method. | 12-18-2014 |
20140376981 | SHEET CURL CORRECTION APPARATUS AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS - The present invention includes a supporting member that supports a first roller and a second roller, a first actuator that rotates the supporting member, a first gear that is connected to an end of second roller on the first actuator side, a second gear that is threadably engaged with the first gear, a third gear that rotates coaxially with the second gear, an input gear that threadably engages with the third gear, and a second actuator that transmits a rotational force to the input gear. The third rotation shaft extends in parallel in a first plane that includes the leading edge and the trailing edge of the nip, the first actuator rotates the supporting member between a first position at which the sheet is received from the leading edge of the nip and a second position at which the sheet is received from the trailing edge of the nip. | 12-25-2014 |
20140376982 | SHEET CURL CORRECTION APPARATUS AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS - The present invention includes a supporting member that supports a first roller and a second roller, a first actuator that rotates the supporting member, a first gear that is connected to an end of second roller on the first actuator side, a second gear that is threadably engaged with the first gear, a third gear that rotates coaxially with the second gear, an input gear that threadably engages with the third gear, and a second actuator that transmits a rotational force to the input gear. The third rotation shaft extends in parallel in a first plane that includes the leading edge and the trailing edge of the nip, the first actuator rotates the supporting member between a first position at which the sheet is received from the leading edge of the nip and a second position at which the sheet is received from the trailing edge of the nip. | 12-25-2014 |
20150153806 | PERIPHERAL APPARATUS, TERMINAL, POWER SAVING CONTROL SYSTEM, POWER SAVING CONTROL METHOD, AND POWER SAVING CONTROL PROGRAM - A peripheral apparatus comprises: a power saving state shift notification signal transmission unit that transmits a power saving state shift notification signal to the terminal at a time of shifting to a power saving state; a notification response signal reception unit that receives a notification response signal from the terminal that is set as an output target for image forming and responds, only while in an operation state, to the power saving state shift notification signal transmitted from the power saving state shift notification signal transmission unit; and a power saving state shift control unit that stops a shift to the power saving state in a case of receiving the notification response signal by means of the notification response signal reception unit and executes the shift to the power saving state in a case of not-receiving the notification response signal. | 06-04-2015 |
20150153814 | Electronic Device and Method for Power Supply Control - An electronic device includes a power supply unit, a to-be-used function setting unit, and a function-specific power supply control unit. The power supply unit supplies electric power to a constituent unit of the electronic device from a main power source. The to-be-used function setting unit sets functions to be used when the main power source is turned on. The function-specific power supply control unit controls the power supply unit to a) supply electric power to a constituent unit corresponding to a function that has been set by the to-be-used function setting unit when the main power source is turned on and b) supply electric power to a constituent unit corresponding to a function that has not been set by the to-be-used function setting unit when the function that has not been set is selected after turning on the main power source. | 06-04-2015 |
20150153984 | PERIPHERAL DEVICE, RECORDING MEDIUM, AND DATA PROCESSING METHOD - A peripheral device connectable to a terminal via a network includes an alternate-device search unit, an alternate-device data transmission unit, and an alternate-device data transmission notification unit. The alternate-device search unit searches for an alternate peripheral device in an operating mode in the neighborhood of the peripheral device when the peripheral device is in a power saving mode upon receiving data to be processed from the terminal. When the alternate-device search unit locates the alternate peripheral device in the operation mode, the alternate-device data transmission unit transmits the data to be processed to the alternate peripheral device. The alternate-device data transmission notification unit notifies the terminal that the alternate-device data transmission unit has transmitted the data to be processed to the alternate peripheral device. | 06-04-2015 |
20150281498 | Electronic Device, Device Management System, and Recording Medium That Detect Change by User Operation in Power-Saving State While Reducing Power Consumption - An electronic device includes a plurality of blocks, a plurality of movable members, a plurality of operation detecting circuits, a plurality of state determining circuits, an electric power control circuit, and a control circuit. The movable members are located in the respective plurality of blocks and operated when the states of the plurality of block are changed. The control circuit that has an electric power mode: causing the electric power control circuit to supply the electric power to the plurality of operation detecting circuits and to cut off the supply of the electric power to the respective state determining circuits; and causing the electric power control circuit to supply the electric power to the state determining circuit corresponding to the movable member where the operation is detected in addition to the plurality of operation detecting circuits when an operation to the movable member is detected by the operation detecting circuit. | 10-01-2015 |
20150350472 | IMAGE FORMING DEVICE, IMAGE FORMING METHOD AND RECORDING MEDIUM THAT ALLOW APPLICATION TO RUN - Provided is an image forming device includes a control circuit having (1) a device control platform managing a hardware resource on an operating system, (2) a standard application execution part executing a standard application utilizing the hardware resource under the control of the device control platform, (3) an extended application platform with a standard function service that allows for a utilization of a function of the standard application executed by the standard application execution part, and (4) an install service adding, without having to change a configuration of a standard firmware, an interface in order to cope with a function that is not available and allowing for utilization thereof. | 12-03-2015 |
20150350473 | IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS THAT EXECUTES APPLICATION, IMAGE FORMATION METHOD, AND RECORDING MEDIUM - An image forming apparatus is provided with a control circuit. The apparatus control platform where the control circuit manages the hardware resources on an operating system. The standard-application executing part executes the standard application using the managed hardware resources. The extended application platform makes the function of the standard application executed use, and makes the hardware resources use, and it has a standard application service interface part that provides the common interface corresponding to the function of the standard application as an interface for using the function of the standard application. The standard function service searches presence or absence of the standard application, and when the standard application does not present, cancels use of the standard function service from the extended application. | 12-03-2015 |
20150373223 | IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS, IMAGE FORMATION METHOD, AND RECORDING MEDIUM THAT EXECUTE APPLICATION - Provided is the image forming apparatus, image formation method, and recording medium, which make unnecessary a change of the function in the side of a whole apparatus control platform, when the addition (extension) of the function of application is needed. Image processing service I/F, device operation service I/F, and network communication service I/F of a platform service I/F part are independent, without cooperating, respectively. Then, image processing service, device operation service, and network communication service of each part controlling service are called. That is calling a control service providing part of each part controlling service corresponding to the request from the standard application, directly, by each control service call part. | 12-24-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090128696 | Signal transmission system and control method therefore - A signal transmission system includes a transmitting device and a receiving device. The transmitting device includes a superimposition portion that superimposes at least one synchronizing signal on at least one video signal among a plurality of video signals, and outputs the synchronizing signal and the video signal as a superimposition signal to a receiving device. The receiving device includes a separation portion that separates the superimposition signal into the synchronizing signal and the video signal, a first adjustment portion that adjusts an amount of delay of the separated video signal to another video signal, and a second adjustment portion that adjusts an amount of delay of the separated synchronizing signal. | 05-21-2009 |
20090322674 | Switch, image transmission apparatus, image transmission method, image display method, image transmitting program product, and image displaying program product - A switch selectively switches terminals to which a computer is connected, and can be remotely operated by a remote-control computer connected to a predetermined network. This switch includes: an information acquiring unit that acquires cursor location information from the remote-control computer; an image extracting unit that extracts a cursor peripheral image from an image storing unit that stores an image obtained from the computer, based on the cursor location information acquired by the information acquiring unit; and a cursor image transmitting unit that transmits the cursor peripheral image, extracted by the image extracting unit, to the remote-control computer. | 12-31-2009 |
20100095028 | SWITCHING DEVICE FOR SHARING INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES AND COMPUTER SYSTEM USING THE SAME - A switching device that selectively switches connections to a predetermined terminal among two or more terminals connected to servers, and can be remote-controlled via a network, includes a network interface circuit to be connected to the network, an image processing unit that includes an image compression circuit for compressing image signals outputted from the servers, and a controller that changes a compression method or compression rate to be used at the image compression circuit in accordance with the congestion level of the network. | 04-15-2010 |
20100100653 | Video signal adjustment system and method for controlling the same - A video signal adjustment system that is capable of being connected between a server and a console includes: a server unit that is connected to the server; a main unit that is connected to the server unit, and includes a first adjustment portion that adjusts gain and frequency characteristic of a video signal output from the server; and a console unit that is connected between the main unit and the console, and includes a second adjustment portion that adjusts gain, frequency characteristic, and delay of the video signal output from the main unit. | 04-22-2010 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120166165 | ROBOT SIMULATION APPARATUS, ROBOT SIMULATION METHOD, AND ROBOT SIMULATION PROGRAM - A robot simulation apparatus for moving a virtual robot along a track includes: a track calculating unit that performs, in an interrupt time interval, track calculation processing for calculating a track of the virtual robot after a sampling time; and a time changing unit that separately sets both of the sampling time and the interrupt time interval variable in a range in which the sampling time is equal to or shorter than the interrupt time interval. | 06-28-2012 |
20120209430 | POSITION DETECTION DEVICE FOR ROBOT, ROBOTIC SYSTEM, AND POSITION DETECTION METHOD FOR ROBOT - A position detection device for a horizontal articulated robot includes a camera for imaging the robot or a work as an imaging object, a control section for calculating a location of the imaging object from an image, an acquisition section (I/O) for obtaining the drive amounts of first and second electric motors of the robot, and a storage section for storing the calculated location of the imaging object and the drive amounts so as to correspond to each other. A common trigger signal for detecting the location of the imaging object is input to the camera and the I/O. The camera starts to image the imaging object in response to the input of the trigger signal. The I/O starts to obtain the drive amounts in response to the input of the trigger signal. | 08-16-2012 |
20120215356 | HORIZONTAL ARTICULATED ROBOT - A robot includes an angular velocity sensor installed to a second horizontal arm and for obtaining the angular velocity of the first horizontal arm with respect to a base, and suppresses the vibration of the first horizontal arm by driving a first electric motor based on the angular velocity of the first horizontal arm. In the robot, an electric wire to be connected to a second electric motor incorporated in the second horizontal arm and electric wire to be connected to the angular velocity sensor are laid around through a wiring duct having end portions coupled respectively to the base and the second horizontal arm, disposed outside the first horizontal arm and outside the second horizontal arm, and having a passage leading to the inside of the base and the inside of the second horizontal arm. | 08-23-2012 |
20120215357 | HORIZONTAL ARTICULATED ROBOT, AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE SAME - A robot includes a first horizontal arm coupled to a base, a second horizontal arm coupled to the base via the first horizontal arm, first and second motors adapted to rotate the respective arms, and first and second encoders adapted to calculate rotational angles and rotational velocities of the respective motors. A first motor control section subtracts first and second angular velocities based on the first and second encoders from a sensor angular velocity detected by an angular sensor, and controls the first motor so that a velocity measurement value obtained by adding a vibration velocity based on a vibration angular velocity as the subtraction result and a first rotational velocity becomes equal to a velocity command value. | 08-23-2012 |
20140214204 | ROBOT AND ROBOT CONTROLLER - A robot has an operation mode setting unit that sets an operation mode of the robot. The operation mode setting unit changes a correction factor multiplied by the maximum acceleration and the maximum deceleration of an arm and the servo gain of a servo circuit, and thereby selectively sets the operation mode to one of a first operation mode, a second operation mode in which the arm operates faster than in the first operation mode, and a third operation mode in which the arm vibrates less than in the first operation mode. | 07-31-2014 |
20140214207 | HORIZONTAL ARTICULATED ROBOT, AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE SAME - A robot includes a first horizontal arm coupled to a base, a second horizontal arm coupled to the base via the first horizontal arm, first and second motors adapted to rotate the respective arms, and first and second encoders adapted to calculate rotational angles and rotational velocities of the respective motors. A first motor control section subtracts first and second angular velocities based on the first and second encoders from a sensor angular velocity detected by an angular sensor, and controls the first motor so that a velocity measurement value obtained by adding a vibration velocity based on a vibration angular velocity as the subtraction result and a first rotational velocity becomes equal to a velocity command value. | 07-31-2014 |
20140316574 | HORIZONTAL ARTICULATED ROBOT - A robot includes an angular velocity sensor installed to a second horizontal arm and for obtaining the angular velocity of the first horizontal arm with respect to a base, and suppresses the vibration of the first horizontal arm by driving a first electric motor based on the angular velocity of the first horizontal arm. In the robot, an electric wire to be connected to a second electric motor incorporated in the second horizontal arm and electric wire to be connected to the angular velocity sensor are laid around through a wiring duct having end portions coupled respectively to the base and the second horizontal arm, disposed outside the first horizontal arm and outside the second horizontal arm, and having a passage leading to the inside of the base and the inside of the second horizontal arm. | 10-23-2014 |
20150321357 | HORIZONTAL ARTICULATED ROBOT, AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE SAME - A robot includes a first horizontal arm coupled to a base, a second horizontal arm coupled to the base via the first horizontal arm, first and second motors adapted to rotate the respective arms, and first and second encoders adapted to calculate rotational angles and rotational velocities of the respective motors. A first motor control section subtracts first and second angular velocities based on the first and second encoders from a sensor angular velocity detected by an angular sensor, and controls the first motor so that a velocity measurement value obtained by adding a vibration velocity based on a vibration angular velocity as the subtraction result and a first rotational velocity becomes equal to a velocity command value. | 11-12-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120133962 | CALIBRATION SYSTEM, CALIBRATION METHOD, AND RECORDING MEDIUM THAT STORES PROGRAM - A calibration system including: an image forming unit that outputs a chart including patches corresponding to input CMY values of tertiary and secondary colors; a color measuring unit that measures patch colors and outputs colorimetric values; and a control unit that sets a target profile correlating the input CMY values of the tertiary and secondary colors with target color values; inputs the colorimetric values; calculates differences between the input colorimetric values and the target color values; acquires corrected CMY values relative to the input CMY values of the tertiary and secondary colors; acquires first and second color components based on the corrected CMY values of the tertiary and secondary colors, respectively; calculates output CMY values of a primary color through weighted averaging of the first and second color components; and generates a primary color correction table to determine the output CMY values relative to the input CMY values. | 05-31-2012 |
20130038886 | PRINTING SYSTEM, PRINTING METHOD, AND NON-TRASNITORY COMPUTER READABLE RECORDING MEDIUM STORED WITH PRINTING PROGRAM - A printing system of the present invention includes: a generating unit which performs a rasterizing process to print data while performing a color conversion process by applying a multi-dimensional lookup table for calibration, which is for matching a color of the image to be printed by a printing unit by combining base colors to a target color and for keeping the color of the image consistent, to generate image data; a storage unit which stores the image data; a calibration unit which applies a first one-dimensional lookup table for calibration to calibrate the color information of the image data at a first round of printing the image, and applies a second one-dimensional lookup table for calibration newer than the first one-dimensional lookup table for calibration to calibrate the color information of the image data at a second round of newly printing the image. | 02-14-2013 |
20140355016 | NON-TRANSITORY COMPUTER READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM STORED WITH PROGRAM FOR IMAGE FORMING SYSTEM, IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS, AND CONTROLLER - A storage medium which stores a program to cause an image forming system to execute a process includes, (a1) forming a product image, which is subjected to color correction by a product LUT being applied thereto, and a verification image, which is subjected to color correction by a verification LUT being applied thereto on same paper, (b1) subjecting said verification image that is formed in (a1) to color measurement, (c1) determining whether verification LUT is applicable to color correction of the product image based on a difference between said color measurement values of the verification image that is measured in (b1) and target values, and (d1) forming the product image and the verification image, which are respectively subjected to color correction by applying the verification LUT that is determined to be applicable, and applying another verification LUT to color correction of said verification image, on same paper. | 12-04-2014 |
20150138576 | PROFILE CREATION METHOD, NON-TRANSITORY COMPUTER READABLE RECORDING MEDIUM STORED WITH PROFILE CREATION PROGRAM, AND PROFILE CREATING APPARATUS - Provided is a profile creation method for creating a color conversion profile for an image forming apparatus which forms an image by performing, on an input color value having total use amount of color material exceeding set amount, a process for reducing the total use amount, by interpolating lattice points in a look-up table. The profile creation method includes: determining whether a point of an input color value with the total use amount of color material being equal to the set amount exists between two adjacent lattice points in the look-up table; and, when it is determined so, calculating an output color value of an interpolation point set between the two lattice points, by a polynomial interpolation method for performing interpolation calculation by using, besides output color values of the two lattice points, an output color value of a lattice point other than the two lattice points. | 05-21-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120019623 | THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE PICKUP APPARATUS AND LENS DRIVING METHOD OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE PICKUP APPARATUS - A three-dimensional image pickup apparatus for capturing right and left images with a first imaging unit and a second imaging unit to generate a stereoscopic image is provided. In this three-dimensional image pickup apparatus, each of the first imaging unit and the second imaging unit includes a lens group including a zooming lens and a focusing lens, and a imaging device for converting an optical image from the lens group into an electrical signal, and the three-dimensional image pickup apparatus includes a driving controller operable to drive the zooming lens and the focusing lens of the first imaging unit and the second imaging unit, along a tracking curve showing a relationship of a position of the zooming lens and a position of the focusing lens, and the driving controller limits a range of moving the zooming lens and the focusing lens in either one of a first range and a second range, the first range ranges from a wide-angle end in the tracking curve to a inflection point at which the moving direction of the focusing lens is inverted, and the second range ranges from a telephoto end to the inflection point. | 01-26-2012 |
20120120068 | DISPLAY DEVICE AND DISPLAY METHOD - A display device includes an input unit, a depth direction position information processing unit, and a display processing unit. Depth direction position information is inputted to the input component. The depth direction position information is information corresponding to information about and/or the position in the depth direction of a subject. This depth direction position information is set for at least part of a two-dimensional information corresponding to a subject. The depth direction position information processing unit processes two-dimensional information. The two-dimensional information is made up of depth direction position information and either horizontal direction position information or vertical direction position information. The display processor displays an image corresponding to two-dimensional information processed by the depth direction position information processor. | 05-17-2012 |
20140232908 | IMAGE PROCESSOR - Disclosed is an image processor that reduces or eliminates the effects of a flash band regardless of performing a shutter operation or not. An imaging device includes a flash band detector configured to determine whether each image of the consecutive images shown by image signals output from an imager is a flash band image a part of which is affected by a flash, and a flash band compensator configured to, if a first image is determined as the flash band image, generate a third image which is supposed where the third image is fully affected by a flash by using a second image which is not determined as the flash band image, and output the third image instead of the first image. | 08-21-2014 |
20140286571 | PICTURE PROCESSING DEVICE - The present technique includes: an area-characteristic detector configured to calculate a maximum value, an average value, and a minimum value of signal levels of pixels around a certain pixel; a first gain creating part configured to calculate a first calculation value for the certain pixel; a second gain creating part configured to calculate a second calculation value for the certain pixel; and an adjustment part configured; to perform enhancement by multiplying the difference between the average value and the signal level of the certain pixel by the first calculation value when the signal level of the certain pixel is equal to or higher than the average value, and to perform enhancement by multiplying the difference between the average value and the signal level of the certain pixel by the second calculation value when the signal level of the certain pixel is lower than the average value. | 09-25-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20140060704 | MANUFACTURING METHOD OF CAST-IRON FRICTION MEMBER - A cast-iron friction member is manufactured by: performing a nitrocarburizing treatment on a cast workpiece at a treatment temperature of 500° C. to 600° C. to thus form a nitrogen compound layer on a surface of the workpiece; and exposing the workpiece to an atmosphere when a temperature becomes 400° C. to 480° C. after the nitrocarburizing treatment so as to cool the workpiece to a room temperature while keeping a contact state with oxygen to thus form an iron oxide layer including Fe | 03-06-2014 |
20140060983 | VEHICULAR DISC BRAKE ROTOR AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF VEHICULAR DISC BRAKE ROTOR - A vehicular disc brake rotor is provided with a cast-iron base, a nitrogen diffusion layer formed on the cast-iron base, a nitrogen compound layer formed on the nitrogen diffusion layer, and an iron oxide layer including Fe | 03-06-2014 |
20140342899 | FRICTION MATERIAL - A friction material contains: at least one kind of a titanate compound having a shape having a plurality of convex portions; and a bio-soluble inorganic fiber. In the titanate compound, a three-dimensional shape of a particle thereof has a plurality of convex portions. | 11-20-2014 |
20150287753 | FRICTION MATERIAL - The problem addressed by the present invention is to provide a friction material, which does not contain a copper component or a metal fiber, has stable friction characteristics, has superior wear resistance, and has a low aggressiveness with respect to a partner material. The friction material does not contain a metal fiber or a copper component, and contains 10-35 vol % of potassium titanate, which has a plurality of convex shapes; 3-10 vol of an abrasive material having a Mohs hardness of at least 7, and 10-30 vol % of an elastomer-modified phenyl resin. | 10-08-2015 |
20150369320 | FRICTION MATERIAL - A friction material includes a fiber base material, a friction modifier and a binder. The friction modifier includes two or more kinds of non-whisker-like titanate compounds. The non-whisker-like titanate compound includes non-whisker-like lithium potassium titanate. The friction material includes no copper component. Alternatively, a friction material includes a fiber base material, a friction modifier and a binder. The friction material includes a non-whisker-like titanate compound and a low-melting-point metal fiber. The friction material includes no copper component. | 12-24-2015 |