01st week of 2010 patent applcation highlights part 30 |
Patent application number | Title | Published |
20100002904 | Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data - The implementations of digital watermarks can be optimally suited to particular transmission, distribution and storage mediums given the nature of digitally-sampled audio, video and other multimedia works. Watermark application parameters can be adapted to the individual characteristics of a given digital sample stream. Watermark information can be either carried in individual samples or in relationships between multiple samples, such as in a waveform shape. More optimal models may be obtained to design watermark systems that are tamper-resistant given the number and breadth of existent digitized sample options with different frequency and time components. The highest quality of a given content signal may be maintained as it is mastered, with the watermark suitably hidden, taking into account usage of digital filters and error correction. The quality of the underlying content signals can be used to identify and highlight advantageous locations for the insertion of digital watermarks. The watermark is integrated as closely as possible to the content signal, at a maximum level to force degradation of the content signal when attempts are made to remove the watermarks. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002905 | Control of the positional relationship between a sample collection instrument and a surface to be analyzed during a sampling procedure with image analysis - A system and method utilizes an image analysis approach for controlling the collection instrument-to-surface distance in a sampling system for use, for example, with mass spectrometric detection. Such an approach involves the capturing of an image of the collection instrument or the shadow thereof cast across the surface and the utilization of line average brightness (LAB) techniques to determine the actual distance between the collection instrument and the surface. The actual distance is subsequently compared to a target distance for re-optimization, as necessary, of the collection instrument-to-surface during an automated surface sampling operation. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002906 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH THE USE OF MASKS - An analysis device for analyzing a signal characteristic with the use of a mask. The analysis device includes a buffer device for the provision of a signal-image address of a signal-image point of a signal image and for the provision of a mask-image address of a mask-image point of a mask image and a comparison device for the comparison of the signal-image address and the mask-image address. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002907 | MULTI-STAGE WATERMARKING PROCESS AND SYSTEM - A multi-stage watermarking system and process that creates a watermark specification which describes how to generate a watermark, generates a template specification which describes how to merge the watermark into a target document, generates the watermark based on the watermark specification, and merges the watermark into the target document based on the template specification to provide a watermarked document. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002908 | Pedestrian Tracking Method and Pedestrian Tracking Device - A pedestrian tracking method and a pedestrian tracking device with a simple structure can estimate the motion of a pedestrian in images without using color information, making it possible to achieve a robust pedestrian tracking. The pedestrian tracking device ( | 2010-01-07 |
20100002909 | Method and device for detecting in real time interactions between a user and an augmented reality scene - The invention consists in a system for detection in real time of interactions between a user and an augmented reality scene, the interactions resulting from the modification of the appearance of an object present in the image. After having created ( | 2010-01-07 |
20100002910 | Method and Apparatus for Developing Synthetic Three-Dimensional Models from Imagery - A method and apparatus for modeling an object in software are disclosed. The method includes generating a three-dimensional geometry of the object from a plurality of points obtained from a plurality of images of the object, the images having been acquired from a plurality of perspectives; and generating a three-dimensional model from the three-dimensional geometry for integration into an object recognition system. The apparatus may be a program storage medium encoded with instructions that, when executed by a computer, perform such a method or a computer programmed to perform such a method. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002911 | METHOD FOR DETECTING LANE DEPARTURE AND APPARATUS THEREOF - A method for detecting the lane departure of a vehicle includes an image recognition process and a deviation estimation process. The image recognition process includes the following steps: an image capturing step for capturing image frame data by using an image capturing unit; and a lane line recognition for analyzing the image frame data for determining the lane lines. By using a quadratic curve fitting equation, a plurality of lane line being detected so as to establish a road geometry estimation model. The road geometry estimation model is inputted into the deviation estimation process to detect the lane departure of the vehicle so as to alert the driver. Furthermore, an apparatus for detecting the deviation of the vehicle, comprising: an image capturing unit, a processing unit and a signal output unit. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002912 | Facial feature evaluation based on eye location - One embodiment of the present invention includes interrogating a location along a face of a person with multiple wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. Signals are established corresponding to detection of the wavelengths reflected from the location. A determination is made as to whether a disguising material covers at least a part of the face based on a difference in range to the location indicated by these signals. Alternatively, the signals may correspond to reflections by different portions of an eye of the person and a determination is made regarding the location of one or more eyes of the person based on the signals. In one particular nonlimiting form, a multispectral, three-dimensional signature of facial features is registered to eye location that may include the iris, nose, chin, mouth, check or the like for facial recognition/identification. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002913 | DISTANCE IRIS RECOGNITION - A system for one dimensional segmentation of an iris of an eye into a map of the iris and classification of the map into unaffected areas and affected areas. Also, the system may provide for regular shape fitting of the areas for normalization and identifying the unaffected areas as symmetric segments. Further, the system may assign weights to the unaffected areas and the affected areas of the map of the iris and an enrolled map of an iris and their corresponding bins for matching purposes. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002914 | BIOMETRIC INFORMATION READING DEVICE AND BIOMETRIC INFORMATION READING METHOD - A biometric information reading device includes an image capturing unit that sequentially captures a plurality of partial images about biometric information, an image feature extracting unit that extracts an image feature from each of the partial images and a position of the image feature, a matching relative position detecting unit that determines whether a relative distance between two successive partial images among the partial images is equal to or smaller than a threshold value, based on the image feature of an overlapping region between the two successive partial images, and a partial image output determining unit that determines to output at least two successive partial images as one set, determines not to output a partial image that is input after the partial images as the one set when the matching relative position detecting unit determines that a relative distance of the partial image from one of the partial images as the one set is equal to or smaller than the threshold value, and determines to output at least two successive partial images as another set including a partial image that is input after the partial images as the one set when the matching relative position detecting unit determines that a relative distance of the partial image from one of the partial images as the one set is not equal to or smaller than the threshold value. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002915 | FEEDBACK IN BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS - In a method for matching candidate biometric data for example, fingerprint data, to a reference sample, data representing a first set of features derived from a candidate sample, for example macroscopic ridge details, is compared to a first set of values of the reference sample. Dependent on the outcome of this comparison, a determination may be made that there is no match or, alternatively, further data representing a second set of features derived from the candidate sample, for example, local minutiae characteristics, is selected from an available array of such data (which may be global minutiae characteristics) for comparison with a second, different set of values of the reference sample to determine whether there is a match. The first and second sets of values of the reference sample and the first and second sets of features of the candidate sample representing two different and independent features of the same biometric characteristic. This improves processing and computational demands to the extent that the method can be implemented on a smartcard without loss of accuracy to an unacceptable extent. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002916 | IMAGE RECORDING APPARATUS, IMAGE RECORDING METHOD AND IMAGE RECORDING PROGRAM - There is provided an image recording apparatus for assisting an observer who observes an observed person. The image recording apparatus includes an image-capturing section that captures an image of the observed person, an observation result input section that inputs a result of the observation done on the observed person by the observer, an observer's point of sight position judging section that judges whether the observer looks at the observed person when the image-capturing section captures the image of the observed person, an image extracting section that extracts an image of the observed person for which the observer's point of sight position judging section judges that the observer looks at the observed person, a physical status quantifying section that quantifies a physical status of the observed person by analyzing the image of the observed person which is extracted by the image extracting section, for an observation result which is input by the observation result input section and corresponds to the image of the observed person which is extracted by the image extracting section, and a physical status data storing section that stores thereon physical status quantified data which is generated by the quantification by the physical status quantifying section, in association with the corresponding observation result. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002917 | MEDICAL IMAGE SEGMENTATION APPARATUS AND MEDICAL IMAGE SEGMENTATION PROGRAM - A medical image segmentation apparatus for segmenting one series obtained by continuous imaging of plural parts into plural series with respect to each part for easy interpretation of an image interpreter. The medical image segmentation apparatus includes an image segmenting unit for segmenting one series into a first series and a second series to thereby generate first image data representing the first series and second image data representing the second series, and a segmentation information adding unit for adding adjacent image information, which includes information for identification of the second series and information representing a positional relationship of the second series with the first series, to the first image data, and adding adjacent image information, which includes information for identification of the first series and information representing a positional relationship of the first series with the second series, to the second image data. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002918 | System and method for finding regions of interest for microscopic digital montage imaging - A system for determining tissue locations on a slide. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002919 | Auto-Deletion of Image Related Data in an Imaging System - A system for auto-deletion of image related data in an imaging system, includes an imaging system. The imaging system comprises a repository for storing image representative data, and is capable of archiving image representative data in the repository, and deleting image representative data from the repository. The system also includes an archiving system, coupled to the imaging system, for receiving image representative data from the imaging system and archiving the received data. The imaging system automatically deletes image representative data which has been archived from the repository. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002920 | Mitotic Figure Detector and Counter System and Method for Detecting and Counting Mitotic Figures - A method and system for detecting and counting mitotic figures in an image of a biopsy sample stained with at least one dye, includes color filtering the image in a computer process to identify pixels in the image that have a color which is indicative a mitotic figure; extracting the mitotic pixels in the image that are connected to one another in a computer process, thereby producing blobs of mitotic pixels; shape-filtering and clustering the blobs of mitotic pixels in a computer process to produce mitotic figure candidates; extracting sub-images of mitotic figures by cropping the biopsy sample image at the location of the blobs; extracting two sets of features from the mitotic figure candidates in two separate computer processes; determining which of the mitotic figure candidates are mitotic figures in a computer classification process based on the extracted sets of features; and counting the number of mitotic figures per square unit of biopsy sample tissue. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002921 | MEDICAL IMAGE ACQUISITION APPARATUS AND OPERATING METHOD THEREFOR - In a medical image acquisition device, and a method for operating such a device, before acquiring a current planning image data set from a subject, a statistical atlas is generated that is a statistical compilation concerning at least one part of the human body, the statistical compilation including an average image data set electronically associated, in the statistical atlas, with association information that identifies anatomy of the human body represented by the statistical compilation. The statistical atlas is compiled from multiple planning image data sets acquired using a specific measurement protocol. After the current planning image data set is acquired, the stored average image data set is transformed into the current planning image data set, so that the association information associated with the average image data set are accurately also associated with the current planning image data set. A diagnostic image acquisition of the subject is then controlled using the association information that is now associated with the current planning image data set. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002922 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR INDICATING LIKELY COMPUTER-DETECTED FALSE POSITIVES IN MEDICAL IMAGING DATA - A data structure for use by a computer system ( | 2010-01-07 |
20100002923 | LINEARLY POLARIZED LIGHT IMAGING METHOD AND DEVICE - A device includes an incident arm, a detection arm, a sample stage, and an image processing computer. The incident arm includes a light source and a first polarizing element, and is disposed on one side of the sample stage. The detection arm includes a second polarizing element and a photoelectric detector, and is disposed on a light-detection path. The photoelectric detector is connected to the computer. The device further includes a device for adjusting polarization angles of the first and second polarizing elements. A method includes: illuminating a sample surface using linearly polarized light with a certain polarization angle; detecting outgoing polarized light by a photoelectric detector; adjusting polarization angles of the incident and detected polarized light, and repeating the above two steps to obtain a series of polarized images, each image corresponding to incident and detected polarization angles; and computer processing the obtained images to obtain sample information. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002924 | Versatile Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography And Imaging Methods Using The Same - Disclosed is a versatile single photon emission computerized tomograph capable of imaging a number of areas of the patient by the same system to obtain diagnostic nuclear medical images of excellent resolution and sensitivity, and imaging method using the same. The versatile single photon emission computerized tomograph includes a support means configured in a plate structure so that the patient can lie down and adapted to move in longitudinal and vertical directions while the patient is lying down; a gantry configured in an arc shape about an object to be imaged; a body for retaining and supporting an outer surface of the gantry while being able to slide and rotate; and at least one detector mounted so as to slide along the inner surface of the gantry and adapted to protract toward or retract from the center point of the gantry to image an organ of the patient. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002925 | Fluid Dynamics Approach To Image Segmentation - A method for segmenting image data within a data processing system includes acquiring an image. One or more seed points are established within the image. An advection vector field is computed based on image influences and user input. A dye concentration is determined at each of a plurality of portions of the image that results from a diffusion of dye within the computed advection field. The image is segmented into one or more regions based on the determined dye concentration for the corresponding dye. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002926 | DETERMINATION OF SUSCEPTIBILITY-INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELD GRADIENTS BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE - The invention relates to a device for magnetic resonance imaging of a body ( | 2010-01-07 |
20100002927 | IMAGING AUTO SHUTTER ROI - A method to identify a Region Of Interest (ROI) within an image includes the steps of: reading a digital image; finding predetermined brightness values; analyzing lines near a plurality of outer edges of the digital image; identifying an entire area of the digital image as the ROI if the found brightness values are also found in lines near the plurality of outer edges of the digital image; computing Radon transforms to generate one dimensional (1D) projections of the digital image if the found brightness values are not found in the lines; detecting a set of edges within the 1D projections; selecting edges from the set of edges; validating the selected edges to identify a set of validated edges; computing the ROI from the set of validated edges of the 1D projections; and saving the computed ROI to memory. A system to perform the method is also described. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002928 | DISPLAYING ANATOMICAL TREE STRUCTURES - A visualization system including a first component ( | 2010-01-07 |
20100002929 | Image-based methods for measuring global nuclear patterns as epigenetic markers of cell differentiation - The invention provides methods for determining the differentiation state of cells. The methods include non-invasive, non-perturbing, automatable, and quantitative methods of analysis of cell colonies, individual cells, and/or cellular structures. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002930 | APPARATUS FOR EXAMINING PATTERN DEFECTS, A METHOD THEREOF, AND A COMPUTER-READABLE RECORDING MEDIUM HAVING RECORDED THEREIN A PROGRAM THEREOF - The present invention realizes examining defects with high accuracy by compensating a strain of an obtained image utilizing only image information of an obtained image and a reference image. An optical simulation execution means | 2010-01-07 |
20100002931 | Processing image data - A method of processing image data, to obtain image data for printing a junction area connecting a circular pad having a radius R with a linear line pattern by forming ink blots having a radius r in an overlapping manner, includes: setting a base pitch P as a base distance between adjacent ink blots; arranging image data of the pad, line pattern, and junction area, which is defined by an extension of the line pattern, in an x-y coordinate system; selecting a first determination point, which corresponds to one side of the junction area; comparing a distance from a center of the pad to the first determination point with a value of (R−r+P); and storing coordinates of the first determination point as print data if the distance from the center of the pad to the first determination point is greater than or equal to the value of (R−r+P). | 2010-01-07 |
20100002932 | PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES INSPECTION APPARATUS AND METHOD OF DETERMINING DEFECTS IN PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE - A photovoltaic devices inspection apparatus and method of determining defects in photovoltaic devices that uses electroluminescence can find both the quality of the photovoltaic devices from the state of electroluminescence and the possibility of the photovoltaic devices becoming defective in the future by applying constant electric current to the photovoltaic devices causing electroluminescence of the photovoltaic devices (S | 2010-01-07 |
20100002933 | OVERLAY MARK, METHOD OF CHECKING LOCAL ALIGMNENT USING THE SAME AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING OVERLAY BASED ON THE SAME - An overlay mark is described, including N sets of parallel x-directional linear patterns respectively defined by N (≧2) exposure steps and N sets of parallel y-directional linear patterns respectively defined by the N exposure steps, and a set of parallel x-directional photoresist bars and a set of parallel y-directional photoresist bars both formed in a lithography process. The N sets of x-directional linear patterns and the set of x-directional photoresist bars are arranged in parallel. The N sets of y-directional linear patterns and the set of y-directional photoresist bars are arranged in parallel. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002934 | Three-Dimensional Motion Capture - In one general aspect, a method is described. The method includes generating a positional relationship between one or more support structures having at least one motion capture mark and at least one virtual structure corresponding to geometry of an object to be tracked and positioning the support structures on the object to be tracked. The support structures has sufficient rigidity that, if there are multiple marks, the marks on each support structure maintain substantially fixed distances from each other in response to movement by the object. The method also includes determining an effective quantity of ray traces between one or more camera views and one or more marks on the support structures, and estimating an orientation of the virtual structure by aligning the determined effective quantity of ray traces with a known configuration of marks on the support structures. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002935 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DISPLAYING DIGITAL EDITIONS OF PERIODICALS AND PUBLICATIONS - Systems and methods are provided for displaying scanned information containing at least one of text and picture information of a document, wherein the document may include a plurality of scanned images. In one embodiment, the method may involve creating and utilizing at least one association of a given scanned image relative to one or more of the other scanned images of the document. The at least one association may define a relative location of the given scanned image with respect to one or more of the other scanned images. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002936 | SPATIAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION TECHNIQUE AND CHIROGRAPHIC TEXT CHARACTER READER - Disclosed herein is a configuration of a writing volume of a spatial chirographic reader facilitating an on-line method of recognition of handwriting characters. The writing volume may be partitioned by an ink depth into a positioning stereographic hemisphere and an inking stereographic hemisphere. Two projection spheres may be made to intersect on a projection typeface plane forming a disc encapsulating the writing volume. A center of the disc may be a universal reference point for converting handwriting movements of a stylus to inferred rotations. Characters may be mapped to reference rotations, wherein on-line reader data may be compared to effect identification of the characters. Labeling of cardinal positions and graduation of rotation paths may be configured such that inking strokes of a particular writing system may be observable in a minimal number of integer factors of rotation of π radians. An overriding convention of eliminating representations leading to ambiguity may also provide for apparent redundancy of representation by adjustment of the radius of the inferred sphere of rotation and partitioning of the typeface into segments having independent coordinates distinct from the principal axes. Enumeration of writing strokes may be constrained by recording radial torsion components to an inking axis and twist torsion components to a writing plane. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002937 | SENSING DEVICE FOR SENSING CODED TAGS - A sensing device is provided having an image sensor for sensing and capturing images of tags on a surface, a processor and a transmitter. Each tag encodes data on an identity associated with the surface and a location and orientation of that tag on the surface. The processor identifies the tags from the captured images, determines an orientation, within the captured images, of the identified coded tags, decodes the data encoded by the tags at the determined orientation, and generates indicating data from the decoded data to include the identity and data regarding a position and/or movement of the sensing device relative to the surface. The transmitter transmits the indicating data to a computer system. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002938 | METHOD OF DISPLAYING DIGITAL IMAGE FOR DIGITAL LOCATING SYSTEM AND DEVICE FOR UNDERGROUND OBJECT DETECTION - An underground digital locating system includes a receiver capable of acquiring a signal produced by an underground object and displaying a digital representation of the orientation of underground object and of its depth. The system includes a carrying case for the digital locating receiver, the carrying case further including a transmitter for energizing underground objects to emit a magnetic field. A method of locating an underground object using the described system is also disclosed, as well as methods of measuring a flux field and translating a flux field signal of an underground object into a visual representation of the underground object on the display screen of the locating receiver. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002939 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FAST CLIPPING OF POLYGONS - A method for rendering static graphics in a mobile device in applications such as map applications. Panning increments are received for panning a previously rendered frame to a panned frame. A rendering region is then determined based on the panning increment. A candidate polygon is then clipped to create clipped polygons contained within the rendering region. The clipped polygons can then be rendered, and a portion of the previously rendered frame can be copied, to provide the panned frame. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002940 | IMAGE DATA PROCESSING APPARATUS AND IMAGE DATA PROCESSING METHOD - An image-data processing apparatus. The image-data processing apparatus includes: an imaging section capturing an image of a subject and generating image data; a feature-extraction processing section extracting a visual feature from the generated image data; a feature-comparison processing section comparing a visual feature, having been extracted from recorded image data in a recording medium and related to the recorded image data, with the visual feature extracted by the feature-extraction processing section; and a control section reading image data having the visual feature extracted by the feature-extraction processing section from the recording medium on the basis of the comparison result. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002941 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IDENTIFYING AN OBJECT CAPTURED BY A DIGITAL IMAGE - An object captured by a digital image is automatically identified by determining a location at which a digital image is captured; retrieving a plurality of candidate objects associated with said determined location; comparing an object captured by said digital image with each of said retrieved plurality of candidate objects to identify said object. One of the candidate images can be selected and used to create a collage of the captured image and a more complete image of the object. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002942 | TARGET ORIENTATION - A method of target recognition performs a 3D comparison of target and reference data. Translation invariant signatures are derived from the two data sets, and an estimate of the orientation of the target with respect to the reference is obtained. Rotational alignment and comparison can then be achieved. The 3D data sets can be represented on an axi-symmetric surface such as a sphere and rotational convolution, over a discrete set of selected rotation angles can be performed. Optic flow can be used to derive the estimate of orientation or the target relative to the reference, in terms of a displacement field. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002943 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENCODING AND DECODING IMAGE USING IMAGE SEPARATION BASED ON BIT LOCATION - Provided are method and apparatus for encoding and decoding an image by using a bit plane-based image encoding method and a block-based image encoding method respectively on bit planes based on the n-m most significant bits of an input image including n-bit pixel values and an image based on the m least significant bits of the input image. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002944 | DETERMINATION OF A FIELD REFERENCING PATTERN - Several methods and a system to perform determination of a field referencing pattern are disclosed. In one aspect, a method is disclosed. A motion vector of a previously coded frame is analyzed using a processor and a memory. A statistic is updated based on whether the motion vector includes one or more of a fractional pel vertical component, a half pel vertical component, and an integer pel vertical component. A field referencing pattern of a target field is determined based on the statistic and an exception protocol. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002945 | IMAGE ENCODING APPARATUS, IMAGE DECODING APPARATUS, IMAGE ENCODING METHOD, IMAGE DECODING METHOD, IMAGE ENCODING PROGRAM, AND IMAGE DECODING PROGRAM - A variable-length encoder that feeds a Coded Block Pattern (CBP) as an input symbol to variable-length code output part. Coded symbol memory supplies CBPs in neighboring blocks as coding map table reference information to coding map table provider. Coding map table provider determines a coding map table used in coding of the CBP, based on these CBPs in the neighboring blocks, and provides a coding map table H | 2010-01-07 |
20100002946 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING FOR DATA RELATING TO AN IMAGE OR VIDEO FRAME - A method and an apparatus for compressing image data. The method includes dividing a line of an image into equal length fragments to form a coding unit, transforming and performing entropy coding to the coding unit, and compressing the image data based on the transformed entropy coded coding unit. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002947 | Spectral Calibration of Image Pairs Using Atmospheric Characterization | 2010-01-07 |
20100002948 | IMAGE ENHANCEMENT - The present invention relates to an image enhancement unit and a method of enhancing a first structure (S | 2010-01-07 |
20100002949 | HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGE GENERATION METHOD - The present invention provides a high-resolution image generation method which is capable of generating a high-resolution image from multiple low-resolution images having displacements without using an iterative computation. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002950 | Methods and apparatus for wavefront manipulations and improved 3-D measurements - Methods and apparatus to perform wavefront analysis, including phase and amplitude information, and 3D measurements in optical systems, and in particular those based on analyzing the output of an intermediate plane, such as an image plane, of an optical system. Measurement of surface topography in the presence of thin film coatings, or of the individual layers of a multilayered structure is described. Multi-wavelength analysis in combination with phase and amplitude mapping is utilized. Methods of improving phase and surface topography measurements by wavefront propagation and refocusing, using virtual wavefront propagation based on solutions of Maxwell's equations are described. Reduction of coherence noise in optical imaging systems is achieved by such phase manipulation methods, or by methods utilizing a combination of wideband and coherent sources. The methods are applied to Integrated Circuit inspection, to improve overlay measurement techniques, by improving contrast or by 3-D imaging, in single shot imaging. Data supplied from the esp@cenet database—Worldwide | 2010-01-07 |
20100002951 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING RINGING ARTIFACTS - A method and apparatus for ringing artifacts reduction for compressed video signals. The method includes receiving luma data to the digital signal processor, calculating sum of gradient of the luma data; calculating SAD of the luma data; performing pixel classification based of the calculated SAD and sum of gradient, performing erosion on a detected edge pixel indicator on a detected flat pixel indicators, determining at least one of the strength or weakness of the an edge based on the determined edge erosion, performing horizontal dilation on the detected edge pixel indicators and edge strength; and performing at least one of sigma or bilateral filtering to the luma data according to the detected edge pixel indicator, flat pixel indicator, edge strength, the number of very flat pixel in the block. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002952 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMAGE SHARPENING - A method and apparatus for image enhancement. The method includes measuring local activity of at least a portion of the image, utilizing the measured local activity for determining gradient at least a portion of the image, utilizing the determined gradient to enhance edges in at least a portion of the image, and utilizing the measured local activity of at least a portion of the image to limit edge enhancement intensity value range and to prevent halo in at least a portion of the image. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002953 | DETECTION AND REDUCTION OF RINGING ARTIFACTS BASED ON BLOCK-GRID POSITION AND OBJECT EDGE LOCATION - The invention proposes a method (FIG. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002954 | Reducing Signal Overshoots And Undershoots In Demosaicking - An image processing method that demosaicks a mosaic input image to generate a full color output image. The image processing method calculates both vertical and horizontal luminance-chrominance difference components for each pixel of the mosaic input image. Next, the image processing method calculates an enhanced version of both vertical and horizontal luminance-chrominance difference components for each pixel of the mosaic input image. Then, the image processing method interpolates a G component for each of the original R and B components. Next, the image processing method detects a signal overshoot or undershoot in each interpolated G component and to clamps each interpolated G component with a detected signal overshoot or undershoot to the closest neighboring original G component. Next, the image processing method interpolates missing R and/or B components in each pixel location of the captured image. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002955 | Method for image reconstruction using sparsity-Constrained correction - Pixel images {circumflex over (f)} are created from projections (q | 2010-01-07 |
20100002956 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING AT LEAST ONE FIRST-SPECTRUM IMAGE INTO A SECOND-SPECTRUM IMAGE - Method for converting at least one image of a first spectrum into an image of a second spectrum, comprising: —recording at least one first-spectrum reference image (NRI) of at least one reference scene (RS) with a first-spectrum recording apparatus ( | 2010-01-07 |
20100002957 | Detecting Edges In A Digital Images - The image processing procedure of the invention receives mosaic image data and calculates a vertical-direction color difference component with regard to each of pixel columns in the mosaic image data in a vertical direction and a horizontal-direction color difference component with regard to each of pixel rows in the mosaic image data in a horizontal direction. The image processing procedure subsequently selects pixels from the mosaic image data, and compares the sign of the vertical color difference component of the target pixel to the signs of the vertical color difference components of the pixels above and below the target pixel, compare the sign of the horizontal color difference component of the target pixel to the signs of the horizontal color difference components of the pixels to the left and to the right of the target pixel, sets the corresponding edge map value of a corresponding edge map to 1 where the signs in one or more of the comparisons are not equal, and sets the corresponding edge map value of the corresponding edge map to 0 where the signs in all of the comparisons are equal. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002958 | IMAGE RESOLUTION ADJUSTMENT METHOD - There is disclosed an image resolution adjustment method comprising the steps of: performing a predetermined selection rule to select one of scaling modes based on a source resolution Vi and a display resolution Vo to generate a scaling value set for outputting a scaled image; and determining whether a smoothing process to determine whether or not the scaled image is smoothed based on application requirements, wherein the scaling modes comprises a first scaling mode, a second scaling mode and a third scaling mode to generate each of the corresponding scaling value set, respectively. The scaling value set is provided to generate replicated pixels or lines for each pixel or line of the source image during a horizontal or vertical scaling period, and the replicated pixels or lines are arranged in horizontal or vertical symmetry in relation to its central region of the source image. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002959 | Sustainable self-attaching bag - Present invention provides for self attachment of a sustainable fabric t-shirt bag to a usually stationary support frame by means of tabs that are secured across the midsection of the continuous integral looped handles that are laterally spaced and extending upward from the base. A hole is thereby created for the threading onto the rode supports of the check out frames. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002960 | Bag for Installation on a Mobile Cleaning Cart - A bag for installation on a mobile cleaning cart features an open top end at which the bag is arranged for hanging support on the mobile cleaning cart and an openable and closable bottom end facilitating removal of contents from the bag through said bottom end with the top end hanging from the cart. Installed on a cart of known types commonly used in custodial, janitorial, maid or housecleaning services, the bag can be emptied through the selectively openable bottom end of the bag to avoid lifting of the bags contents through the open top end. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002961 | Sealing Bag - A sealing bag includes a valve | 2010-01-07 |
20100002962 | Storage Bag - A storage bag that can maintain compactness, into which an object can be easily inserted and stored, and whose shape can be changed after the object is stored in the storage bag. A storage bag including a cylindrical body and a bottom at one end of the body, wherein the bottom closes one end of the body, the other open end of the body is formed as a storage opening, and the inside space of the storage bag is formed as a storage space capable of storing an object, and wherein the body is made of fabric in which fibers are woven in perpendicular directions, and the fiber directions A and B in the fabric are inclined with respect to the circumferential direction and the lengthwise direction of the body. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002963 | RECLOSABLE FOOD PACKAGE WITH IMPROVED SHELF LIFE - A resealable container having an easily accessed yet airtight seal via the use of a tamper evident rupture strip which provides the container or package with improved shelf life for the product contained therein. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002964 | Recloseable package with protective patch - According to the invention, a patch is provided to be attached to the outside of the wall of the bag over the profile strip fastener assembly that is attached to the front panel of the package. The patch is made from a gas barrier type of substrate as to prevent oxygen and other gases from entering or leaving the perforations within the opening feature used to access the fastener assembly. The side of the patch that is in contact with the front panel of the bag includes an adhesive for securement to the package. A variety of adhesives can be utilized for securement depending on the arrangement of the perforations. Printing can be included on the outside of the patch to highlight the reclosable feature of the package thereby eliminating the need to modify the original printing on the package. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002965 | Lubricating Member For Linear Motion Rolling Guide Unit And Slider For Linear Motion Rolling Guide Unit - A lubricant can be evenly applied onto raceway faces or raceway grooves of a rail even when fixed to a horizontal, vertical, tilted, or ceiling surface. One or a plurality of embedding portions | 2010-01-07 |
20100002966 | FLUID DYNAMIC BEARING DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME - Fixation strength of a bearing sleeve with respect to a housing is increased so that stable bearing performance can be achieved. A fluid dynamic bearing device ( | 2010-01-07 |
20100002967 | HYDRODYNAMIC RADIAL PLAIN BEARING WITH A VERY HIGH LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY OF LARGE TURBINE SETS - A plain bearing with a bearing body in which a body, which is to be stored is arranged, is disclosed. The bearing body is surrounded by a supporting body. The bearing capacity is improved by virtue of the fact that the bearing body has a partial joint arranged at an angle in relation to the horizontal. The plain bearing has an active cooling system and an articulated lubrication system. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002968 | Plain Bearing - A plain bearing is described, comprising a steel support shell and a lead-free bearing metal layer on the basis of copper with the main alloy elements of tin and zinc applied to the support shell. In order to achieve advantageous bearing properties it is proposed that the bearing metal layer has a tin fraction of 2.5 to 11 percent by weight, a zinc fraction of 0.5 to 5 percent by weight, a fraction of zirconium and titanium together of at least 0.01 percent by weight and a fraction of phosphorus of at least 0.03 percent by weight, with the sum total of the fractions of zirconium, titanium and phosphorus being at most 0.25 percent by weight and the sum total of the fractions of tin and zinc being between 3 and 13 percent by weight. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002969 | SLEEVE BEARING FOR RAILWAY TRACTION MOTOR - An improved sleeve bearing for locomotive traction motor that provides additional lubrication over and above that of the one central wick currently used. The sleeve bearing is provided with a recirculation system comprised of either at least two additional wicks located near the 6:00 operating location or multiple oil communication and delivery grooves passageways communicating with the oil flinger grooves placed for the purpose of collecting and providing a mechanism for providing additional lubrication for extending the oil-wetted envelope available for supporting the truck-axle journal in the axial direction. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002970 | Joint Bush - The invention relates to a joint bush, for use in a joint between two components or workpieces, comprising a first sleeve-like bush section, which transforms at one sleeve end into a second flange-like bush section which projects over the circumferential surface of the first bush section. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002971 | Sealing Bearing - An annular elastic portion is secured to an annular metal core portion. A through hole is provided which penetrates the metal core portion and the elastic portion in a radial direction. A porous member which has the properties of allowing free passage of air while inhibiting the passage of water and oil therethrough is secured to an outer peripheral surface of the metal core portion so as to completely block a radially outer opening of the through hole. An canopy member having a cover plate located on a radially outer side of the porous member is secured to the outer peripheral surface of the metal core portion. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002972 | WHEEL SUPPORT BEARING ASSEMBLY AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME - There is provided a wheel support bearing assembly in which at least one of the outer member ( | 2010-01-07 |
20100002973 | Roller Bearing, Main Shaft Support Structure of Wind-Power Generator, Intermediate Element and Retainer Segment - A tapered roller bearing comprises an outer ring ( | 2010-01-07 |
20100002974 | BEARING APPARATUS AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF - A bearing apparatus has a rolling bearing including an outer ring ( | 2010-01-07 |
20100002975 | TAPERED ROLLER BEARING - In a tapered roller bearing, the roller coefficient γ is greater than 0.94. At least one member of an inner ring ( | 2010-01-07 |
20100002976 | TAPERED ROLLER BEARING - A tapered roller bearing includes a cage | 2010-01-07 |
20100002977 | SUPPORTING RING FOR MOUNTING A BEARING OR BEARING PARTS IN A GEAR UNIT - A supporting ring for mounting a bearing or bearing parts in a gear unit, characterized in that it is relatively stiff in a radial direction, but relatively flexible in the axial direction. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002978 | PHOTOELECTRIC DEVICE USING PN DIODE AND SILICON INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) INCLUDING THE PHOTOELECTRIC DEVICE - Provided are a photoelectric device using a PN diode and a silicon integrated circuit (IC) including the photoelectric device. The photoelectric device includes: a substrate; and an optical waveguide formed as a PN diode on the substrate, wherein a junction interface of the PN diode is formed in a direction in which light advances; and an electrode applying a reverse voltage to the PN diode, wherein N-type and P-type semiconductors of the PN diode are doped at high concentrations and the doping concentration of the N-type semiconductor is higher than or equal to that of the P-type semiconductor. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002979 | Slot waveguide for color display - A slot waveguide utilized as a color-selecting element. The slot waveguide includes a first layer of plasmon supporting material, the first layer being optically opaque and having an input slit extending through the first layer; a second layer of plasmon supporting material facing the first layer and separated from the first layer by a first distance in a first direction, the second layer being optically opaque and having an output slit extending through the second layer and separated from the input slit by a second distance extending along a second direction differing from first direction; a dielectric layer interposed between the first layer and the second layer, the dielectric layer having a real or complex refractive index; and a power source electrically coupled to the first layer and the second layer to apply an electrical signal for modulation of the real or complex refractive index of the dielectric layer. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002980 | Polarization-dependent hollow-core optical fibers - In accordance with one aspect of my invention, the core and cladding regions of a hollow-core optical fiber are configured so that a signal mode is coupled to a cladding mode in order to exploit polarization-dependent properties. In general, the fiber comprises a hollow-core region surrounded by a cladding region, which includes a localized hollow-waveguide region. The core and waveguide regions are configured so that the coupling between a signal mode in the core region and a cladding mode in the waveguide region are phase-matched for efficient coupling, and the phase-matching condition is made polarization-dependent to provide improved control of the fiber's polarization dependent properties. In a preferred embodiment, the cladding region comprises a bandgap structure. In one embodiment, the at least one region has a non-symmetric cross-sectional shape (e.g., oblong) with respect to one of its transverse axes. In an alternative embodiment, both the core region and the waveguide region are non-symmetric but with respect to orthogonal axes. In another embodiment, the at least one region has a multiplicity of micro-defects disposed at or near the periphery thereof and in a non-rotationally-symmetric pattern. In an alternative embodiment, both the core region and the waveguide region include a multiplicity of micro-defects at or near the periphery thereof in a non-rotationally-symmetric pattern. Optical fibers of this type find application in polarization-dependent optical couplers (e.g., splitters, polarizers) and in sensors. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002981 | Sensitive Emission Light Gathering and Flow Through Detection System - A method of detecting fluorescence/absorbance/luminescence from 24-well, 48-well, 96-well, 384-well and 1536-well microplates and other sample containers. The sample is pumped into a waveguide. The waveguide efficiently gathers and guides the emission light to the end of the waveguide. The emission light exits the ends of the waveguide and is focused into a detector. To minimize background caused by the excitation light used for fluorescence, the excitation illuminates the waveguides at 90 degrees. To facilitate reuse, the waveguide assembly can be configured to be washed by an appropriate wash solution. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002982 | Arrangement for monitoring a stressed body and method for the production thereof - A system serves to monitor a body exposed to high mechanical or thermal stress. The body has a surface that has at least one groove with two groove lateral walls which are oppositely disposed and adjacent to the surface. An optical waveguide devoid of protective coating, which has a light-guiding core and a casing surrounding it and in which at least one sensor is provided for the optical detection of a measurement variable, is embedded in the groove. The optical waveguide is fixed in place in an area of one of the groove lateral walls, which is adjacent to the surface, by means of at least one caulking. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002983 | DISTRIBUTED OPTICAL FIBER DETECTION SYSTEM - A distributed elongated optical fiber detection system is provided, having at least one sensitive region, and being capable of detecting the occurrence and location(s) of one or more events along its length that cause one or more perturbations in the at least one sensitive region. In one embodiment of the invention, the novel detection system includes, at its first end, an optical signal source capable of launching a signal in a first signal mode through an optical fiber waveguide comprising at least one sensitive region along its length, and configured for transmitting at least two signal modes therethrough, toward its second end. A reflecting device, capable of reflecting only signals in a second signal mode, is positioned at the second end of the waveguide. An occurrence of at least one event in at least one sensitive region causes a perturbation in the waveguide sufficient to couple at least a portion of the energy of the forward traveling signal into a second signal mode, such that the signal in the second signal mode is reflected back toward the first end of the waveguide. A detector, capable of detecting at least one characteristic of a reflected signal in the second signal mode, is connected to the first end of the waveguide, such that when the at least one event occurs, and a reflected signal in the second signal mode is produced, the detector is capable of determining the quantity of one or more occurring events as well as a location of each of the events along the waveguide lengths. In another inventive embodiment, instead of a reflector, the detector is connected to the second end and detects the signal in the second mode directly. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002984 | OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE DEVICE - An optical waveguide device having a high impact resistance and which can prevent bending and disconnection of an optical fiber, includes a substrate formed with an optical waveguide; an optical fiber connected to both of end portions of the optical waveguide; and a case housing the substrate and holding the optical fiber through a flexible member. Since the optical fiber is held to the case with the flexible member therebetween, thermal stress caused by a difference of the linear expansion coefficient of the optical fiber and that of the case is absorbed by the flexible member, and bending and disconnection of the optical fiber can be prevented. The optical fiber is locked to the case by a stopper such that a tensile force applied to the optical fiber is not propagated to a connection section between the optical fiber and the optical waveguide, and thus, impact resistance is improved. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002985 | Suspension board with circuit and producing method thereof - A suspension board with circuit includes a circuit board containing a metal supporting board, an insulating pattern formed on the metal supporting board, and a conductive pattern formed on the insulating pattern; an optical waveguide disposed on the circuit board; and a positioning portion provided on the circuit board in order to position the optical waveguide with respect to the circuit board. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002986 | Suspension board with circuit and producing method thereof - A suspension board with circuit includes a metal supporting board; an insulating base layer formed on the metal supporting board; a conductive pattern formed on the insulating base layer; an insulating cover layer formed on the insulating base layer so as to cover the conductive pattern; and an optical waveguide. The optical waveguide is adhered on the metal supporting board, the insulating base layer, or the insulating cover layer. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002987 | OPTICAL MODULE MOUNTED WITH WDM FILTER - A filter element includes a first glass substrate having a pair of parallel surfaces and a band pass filter arranged on one of the parallel surfaces, a pair of single-crystal substrates (Si wafers) each including a primary surface formed with a depression having an inclined surface with respect to the primary surface occupying at least one half of the opening of the depression, and a second glass substrate having an optical element. The primary surfaces of the single-crystal substrate pair are bonded to a pair of the surfaces of the glass substrate. The depressions are faced through the glass substrate and surround the band pass filter. By this configuration, the filter element can be mass produced with a high accuracy and a low cost by the wafer-level process. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002988 | Optical Isolator - Various optical isolator embodiments are disclosed. Embodiments comprise a waveguide section utilizing materials that induce a propagation constant shift that is propagation-direction-dependent. Embodiments are characterized by a cutoff frequency for forward propagating waves that is different than the cutoff frequency for reverse waves; the dimensions and direction of magnetization of the waveguide can be tailored so that, in a particular embodiment, the cutoff frequency for forward propagating waves is lower than the cutoff frequency for reverse waves. A particular embodiment is constructed as a single-mode waveguide on a substrate. The cross-section of the waveguide is inhomogeneous in terms of materials. At least one part of the cross-section is a non-reciprocal magneto-optic medium, which has nonzero off-diagonal permittivity tensor components. This inhomogeneity induces a propagation constant shift, which is propagation-direction-dependent. This device works as an optical isolator from the cut-off frequency of the lowest forward wave (lower frequency) to one for the lowest reverse wave (higher frequency). Various configurations consistent with the principles of the invention are disclosed. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002989 | POLARIZATION ROTATOR AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME - An optical circuit comprises a first waveguide; a second waveguide; and a third waveguide that converts mode field and direction of polarization of light of said first waveguide at the same time to perform wave guiding to said second waveguide; wherein large aspect ratio directions of corresponding ends of a core of said first waveguide and a core of said second waveguide differ from each other. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002990 | OPTICAL SIGNALING FOR A PACKAGE-ON-PACKAGE STACK - A package-on-package stack may include an upper package, an optical interface, and a lower package. The upper package may send an optical signal from a first component in the upper package. The optical interface may receive the optical signal from the upper package, and may transmit the optical signal. The lower package may receive the optical signal from the optical interface, and may relay the optical signal to a second component in the lower package or at the motherboard. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002991 | Substrate Guided Relay with Polarization Rotating Apparatus - A substrate guided relay ( | 2010-01-07 |
20100002992 | Pumping In A Higher-Order Mode That Is Different From A Signal Mode - The present disclosure provides an approach to more efficiently amplify signals by matching either the gain materials or the pump profile with the signal profile for a higher-order mode (HOM) signal. By doing so, more efficient energy extraction is achieved. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002993 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR EXCITATION OF A SINGLE MODE IN A WAVEGUIDE - A wave-guiding system and method for mode-selective transmission of a spatially coherent light beam is disclosed. The system comprises a wave-guide with an inlet and an outlet for transmitting one or more modes; a first mode-shaping optical element for shaping the spatially coherent light beam before it enters through the inlet of the wave-guide to a desired mode of the wave-guide; and a second mode-shaping optical element for shaping light beam after it exits from the outlet of the wave-guide for obtaining a desired vectorial field. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002994 | Integrated Optical Modulator - Systems and methods for manipulating light with high index contrast waveguides clad with crystalline substances having that exhibit large nonlinear electro-optic constants χ | 2010-01-07 |
20100002995 | OPTICAL TOUCH PANEL AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME - An optical touch panel having over-cladding layers each integrated with a lens-shaped portion (i.e., optical waveguides each having a lens-integrated over-cladding layer). The optical touch panel requires neither lens assembly nor optical axis alignment, and is therefore free from the fear that the displacement of lenses will occur. This makes it possible to achieve high optical transmission efficiency and high impact resistance. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002996 | PACKAGE AND ASSEMBLY FOR OPTICAL COMPONENTS SUCH AS OPTICAL FIBRES - A package comprises a substrate ( | 2010-01-07 |
20100002997 | Stretcher Fiber and Module - A stretcher fiber includes a core region, inner trench region, ring region, outer trench region, and outer cladding region. The core region has a radius r | 2010-01-07 |
20100002998 | Cable exit trough with insert - A cable exit trough defining an insert aperture for receiving a modular cable management inserts. The modular insert providing an additional cable management device such as a curved guidewall. The cable management device may alternatively be fixed to the cable exit trough. Removable snap-mounted flanges may also be included in the exit trough. The exit trough may also include an exit cover having a cover plate and a pivot plate hingedly mounted thereto for easy access to the trough. | 2010-01-07 |
20100002999 | Assembly-type durable optical connector adapter - In an optical connector adapter for use in connecting a first and a second optical connector plug to each other, a second adapter half is butted against a first adapter half in a predetermined direction. The first and second adapter halves have engaging means for maintaining the first and second adapter halves in a butted state in the predetermined direction. The engaging means is configured to be disposed inside the optical connector adapter and to be prevented from releasing engagement thereof by at least one of the first and second optical connector plugs. | 2010-01-07 |
20100003000 | FIBER OPTIC TERMINATION SYSTEM WITH RETENTION MECHANISM - A fiber optic telecommunications frame is provided including termination modules positioned on left and right sides of the frame. The frame further includes left and right vertical cable guides. The frame includes a horizontal passage linking the left and right panels and the cable guides. The termination modules hold fiber optic modules with front termination locations. The fiber optic modules can house couplers, such as splitters, combiners, and wave length division multiplexers. A retention mechanism retains each fiber optic module in a partially removed position from the termination module. | 2010-01-07 |
20100003001 | CABLE GLANDS - A cable gland for a cable includes a body, an insert located within the body, the insert having an internal axial bore, and an adaptor provided with positive location structure arranged in use within the bore of the insert. | 2010-01-07 |
20100003002 | Robust connector enforcement - The need for fiber optic connectors is increasing as the use of fiber optic transmission members is being incorporated in data and other transmission systems. Typically, strain relief provides extra support at the junction of a cable and connector interface. However, there is a need to provide strain relief for the connector portion itself. An example cover includes a housing member defining an aperture spanning transversely from a first end to a second end and engages a connector therewithin. The cover further includes at least two prongs protruding from the first end in a direction opposite to the second end in an axial direction relative to the aperture. The prongs may be inserted into a panel defining at least two openings to receive the prongs. The prongs in combination with the housing member provide strain relief to the connector in an angular direction relative to the at least two prongs. | 2010-01-07 |
20100003003 | OPTICAL ATTENUATOR - A tilting mirror MEMS variable optical attenuator attenuates light over a band of wavelengths with minimum wavelength dependent loss. The attenuator includes a lens that has a wedged input face and is made from a material that has high dispersion. The lens design causes different wavelengths to travel different paths through the attenuator such that wavelength dependent loss is reduced. The attenuator may be designed to have minimum wavelength dependent loss at a specified attenuation greater than zero. | 2010-01-07 |