METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING DISEASE-RELATED CACHEXIA

Abstract

A method of treating disease-related cachexia comprises administering to a subject a composition comprising an anti-AGE antibody. A composition for treating disease-related cachexia comprises a first anti-AGE antibody, a second anti-AGE antibody and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The first anti-AGE antibody is different from the second anti-AGE antibody. A method of treating or preventing the onset of disease-related cachexia comprises immunizing a subject in need thereof against AGE-modified proteins or peptides of a cell.

Description

BACKGROUND

[0001] Cachexia is the loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness and significant loss of appetite in a person who is not actively trying to lose weight. The diagnostic criteria for cachexia are a loss of 5% or more of body weight over 12 months combined with reduced muscle strength. Cachexia affects approximately 9 million people worldwide and is often seen in chronic illnesses such as cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic kidney disease, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), celiac disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), cystic fibrosis (CF), motor neuron disease, Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), tuberculosis, familial amyloid polyneuropathy, mercury poisoning, acrodynia and hormonal deficiency. Cachexia may also develop following an acute condition such as major trauma, surgery, malabsorption and severe sepsis.

[0002] Cachexia is particularly prevalent in cancer, and is often referred to as cancer cachexia when diagnosed in a patient with cancer. About 50% of all cancer patients develop cachexia. Cachexia is even more common in advanced and terminal cancers where as many as 80% of patients develop cachexia. Cachexia also frequently presents in rheumatoid arthritis and may be referred to as rheumatoid cachexia when diagnosed in rheumatoid patients. Approximately 67% of rheumatoid arthritis patients develop cachexia. The onset of cachexia can make basic physical tasks challenging and may be debilitating for patients who are already in a weakened physical state. Cachexia can be fatal since it increases the risk of death from complications such as infections as well as the risk of death from treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

[0003] Although originally considered a symptom or side effect of an underlying chronic disease, cachexia is now recognized as a distinct treatable condition. Cachexia is understood to be caused by inflammation and metabolic imbalances. The exact mechanism is still being determined, but recent studies indicate that inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (also known as TNF-.alpha., cachexin or cachectin), interferon .gamma. (IFN.gamma.), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF) contribute to cachexia (Tisdale, M. J., "Biology of Cachexia", Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 89, No. 23 (Dec. 3, 1997)). In rheumatoid cachexia, TNF-.alpha. contributes to cachexia by accelerating muscle catabolism, causing loss of muscle mass and reducing peripheral insulin action, which relieves its anticatabolic effect (da Rocha, O. M. et al., "Sarcopenia in rheumatoid cachexia: definition, mechanisms, clinical consequences and potential therapies", Brazilian Journal of Rheumatology, Vol. 49, No. 3, 288-301 (2009)). Overall muscle loss results from the increased breakdown of muscle protein combined with reduced protein synthesis.

[0004] There is no standard treatment for cachexia. Current treatments include .beta.-hydroxy .beta.-methylbutyrate (HMB), steroids and progestins such as megestrol acetate. Non-drug treatment options include weight training/resistance training, nutritional counselling and consumption of a high-protein diet. Simply increasing caloric intake has not been found to be effective in treating cachexia. A number of other treatments that have been attempted or studied but are not recommended include thalidomide, cytokine antagonists, cannabinoids, omega-3 fatty acids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), prokinetics, ghrelin and ghrelin receptor agonists, anabolic catabolic transforming agents, selective androgen receptor modulators, cyproheptadine and hydrazine. A cachexia treatment must address the characteristic inflammation and metabolic imbalances without causing side effects that would be dangerous or life-threatening for a physically weakened patient.

[0005] Senescent cells are cells that are partially-functional or non-functional and are in a state of proliferative arrest. Senescence is a distinct state of a cell, and is associated with biomarkers, such as activation of the biomarker p16.sup.lnk4a, and expression of .beta.-galactosidase. Senescence begins with damage or stress (such as overstimulation by growth factors) of cells.

[0006] Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs; also referred to as AGE-modified proteins, or glycation end-products) arise from a non-enzymatic reaction of sugars with protein side-chains (Ando, K. et al., Membrane Proteins of Human Erythrocytes Are Modified by Advanced Glycation End Products during Aging in the Circulation, Biochem Biophys Res Commun., Vol. 258, 123, 125 (1999)). This process begins with a reversible reaction between the reducing sugar and the amino group to form a Schiff base, which proceeds to form a covalently-bonded Amadori rearrangement product. Once formed, the Amadori product undergoes further rearrangement to produce AGEs. Hyperglycemia, caused by diabetes mellitus (DM), and oxidative stress promote this post-translational modification of membrane proteins (Lindsey J B, et al., "Receptor For Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) and soluble RAGE (sRAGE): Cardiovascular Implications," Diabetes Vascular Disease Research, Vol. 6(1), 7-14, (2009)). AGEs may also be formed from other processes. For example, the advanced glycation end product, N.sup..epsilon.-(carboxymethyl)lysine, is a product of both lipid peroxidation and glycoxidation reactions. AGEs have been associated with several pathological conditions including diabetic complications, inflammation, retinopathy, nephropathy, atherosclerosis, stroke, endothelial cell dysfunction, and neurodegenerative disorders (Bierhaus A, "AGEs and their interaction with AGE-receptors in vascular disease and diabetes mellitus. I. The AGE concept," Cardiovasc Res, Vol. 37(3), 586-600 (1998)).

[0007] AGE-modified proteins are also a marker of senescent cells. This association between glycation end-product and senescence is well known in the art. See, for example, Gruber, L. (WO 2009/143411, 26 Nov. 2009), Ando, K. et al. (Membrane Proteins of Human Erythrocytes Are Modified by Advanced Glycation End Products during Aging in the Circulation, Biochem Biophys Res Commun., Vol. 258, 123, 125 (1999)), Ahmed, E. K. et al. ("Protein Modification and Replicative Senescence of WI-38 Human Embryonic Fibroblasts" Aging Cells, vol. 9, 252, 260 (2010)), Vlassara, H. et al. (Advanced Glycosylation Endproducts on Erythrocyte Cell Surface Induce Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis by Macrophages, J. Exp. Med., Vol. 166, 539, 545 (1987)) and Vlassara et al. ("High-affinity-receptor-mediated Uptake and Degradation of Glucose-modified Proteins: A Potential Mechanism for the Removal of Senescent Macromolecules" Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAI, Vol. 82, 5588, 5591 (1985)). Furthermore, Ahmed, E. K. et al. indicates that glycation end-products are "one of the major causes of spontaneous damage to cellular and extracellular proteins" (Ahmed, E. K. et al., see above, page 353). Accordingly, the accumulation of glycation end-products is associated with senescence and lack of function.

[0008] The damage or stress that causes cellular senescence also negatively impacts mitochondrial DNA in the cells to cause them to produce free radicals which react with sugars in the cell to form methyl glyoxal (MG). MG in turn reacts with proteins or lipids to generate advanced glycation end products. In the case of the protein component lysine, MG reacts to form carboxymethyllysine, which is an AGE.

[0009] Damage or stress to mitochondrial DNA also sets off a DNA damage response which induces the cell to produce cell cycle blocking proteins. These blocking proteins prevent the cell from dividing. Continued damage or stress causes mTOR production, which in turn activates protein synthesis and inactivates protein breakdown. Further stimulation of the cells leads to programmed cell death (apoptosis).

[0010] p16 is a protein involved in regulation of the cell cycle, by inhibiting the S phase (synthesis phase). It can be activated during ageing or in response to various stresses, such as DNA damage, oxidative stress or exposure to drugs. p16 is typically considered a tumor suppressor protein, causing a cell to become senescent in response to DNA damage and irreversibly preventing the cell from entering a hyperproliferative state. However, there has been some ambiguity in this regard, as some tumors show overexpression of p16, while other show downregulated expression. Evidence suggests that overexpression of p16 is some tumors results from a defective retinoblastoma protein ("Rb"). p16 acts on Rb to inhibit the S phase, and Rb downregulates p16, creating negative feedback. Defective Rb fails to both inhibit the S phase and downregulate p16, thus resulting in overexpression of p16 in hyperproliferating cells (Romagosa, C. et al., p16.sup.lnk4a overexpression in cancer: a tumor suppressor gene associated with senescence and high-grade tumors, Oncogene, Vol. 30, 2087-2097 (2011)).

[0011] Senescent cells are associated with secretion of many factors involved in intercellular signaling, including pro-inflammatory factors; secretion of these factors has been termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, or SASP (Freund, A. "Inflammatory networks during cellular senescence: causes and consequences" Trends Mol Med. 2010 May; 16(5):238-46). Autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis, are associated with chronic inflammation (Ferraccioli, G. et al. "Interleukin-1.beta. and Interleukin-6 in Arthritis Animal Models: Roles in the Early Phase of Transition from Acute to Chronic Inflammation and Relevance for Human Rheumatoid Arthritis" Mol Med. 2010 November-December; 16(11-12): 552-557). Chronic inflammation may be characterized by the presence of pro-inflammatory factors at levels higher than baseline near the site of pathology, but lower than those found in acute inflammation. Examples of these factors include TNF, IL-1.alpha., IL-1.beta., IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-23, CD2, CD3, CD20, CD22, CD52, CD80, CD86, C5 complement protein, BAFF, APRIL, IgE, .alpha.4.beta.1 integrin and .alpha.4.beta.7 integrin. Many of these factors have been implicated in cachexia. Because senescent cells produce pro-inflammatory factors, removal of these cells alone produces a profound reduction in inflammation as well as the amount and concentration of pro-inflammatory factors.

[0012] Senescent cells secrete reactive oxygen species ("ROS") as part of the SASP. ROS is believed to play an important role in maintaining senescence of cells. The secretion of ROS creates a bystander effect, where senescent cells induce senescence in neighboring cells: ROS create the very cellular damage known to activate p16 expression, leading to senescence (Nelson, G., A senescent cell bystander effect: senescence-induced senescence, Aging Cell, Vo. 11, 345-349 (2012)). The p16/Rb pathway leads to the induction of ROS, which in turn activates the protein kinase C delta creating a positive feedback loop that further enhance ROS, helping maintain the irreversible cell cycle arrest; it has even been suggested that exposing cancer cells to ROS might be effective to treat cancer by inducing cell phase arrest in hyperproliferating cells (Rayess, H. et al., Cellular senescence and tumor suppressor gene p16, Int J Cancer, Vol. 130, 1715-1725 (2012)).

[0013] Recent research demonstrates the therapeutic benefits of removing senescent cells. In vivo animal studies at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., found that elimination of senescent cells in transgenic mice carrying a biomarker for elimination delayed age-related disorders associated with cellular senescence. Eliminating senescent cells in fat and muscle tissues substantially delayed the onset of sarcopenia and cataracts and reduced senescence indicators in skeletal muscle and the eye (Baker, D. J. et al., "Clearance of p16.sup.lnk4a-positive senescent cells delays ageing-associated disorders", Nature, Vol. 479, pp. 232-236, (2011)). Mice that were treated to induce senescent cell elimination were found to have larger diameters of muscle fibers as compared to untreated mice. Treadmill exercise tests indicated that treatment also preserved muscle function. Continuous treatment of transgenic mice for removal of senescent cells had no negative side effects and selectively delayed age-related phenotypes that depend on cells. This data demonstrates that removal of senescent cells produces beneficial therapeutic effects and shows that these benefits may be achieved without adverse effects.

[0014] Additional In vivo animal studies in mice found that senescent cells using senolytic agents treats aging-related disorders and atherosclerosis. Short-term treatment with senolytic drugs in chronologically aged or progeroid mice alleviated several aging-related phenotypes (Zhu, Y. et al., "The Achilles' heel of senescent cells: from transcriptome to senolytic drugs", Aging Cell, vol. 14, pp. 644-658 (2015)). Long-term treatment with senolytic drugs improved vasomotor function in mice with established atherosclerosis and reduced intimal plaque calcification (Roos, C. M. et al., "Chronic senolytic treatment alleviates established vasomotor dysfunction in aged or atherosclerotic mice", Aging Cell (2016)). This data further demonstrates the benefits of removing senescent cells.

[0015] Vaccines have been widely used since their introduction by Edward Jenner in the 1770s to confer immunity against a wide range of diseases and afflictions. Vaccine preparations contain a selected immunogenic agent capable of stimulating immunity to an antigen. Typically, antigens are used as the immunogenic agent in vaccines, such as, for example, viruses, either killed or attenuated, and purified viral components. Antigens used in the production of cancer vaccines include, for example, tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), dendritic cells, whole cells and viral vectors. Different techniques are employed to produce the desired amount and type of antigen being sought. For example, pathogenic viruses are grown either in eggs or cells. Recombinant DNA technology is often utilized to generate attenuated viruses for vaccines.

[0016] Vaccines may therefore be used to stimulate the production of antibodies in the body and provide immunity against antigens. When an antigen is introduced to a subject that has been vaccinated and developed immunity to that antigen, the immune system may destroy or remove cells that express the antigen.

SUMMARY

[0017] In a first aspect, the invention is a method of treating disease-related cachexia comprising administering to a subject a composition comprising an anti-AGE antibody.

[0018] In a second aspect, the invention is a method of treating disease-related cachexia comprising administering to a subject a composition comprising a first anti-AGE antibody and a second anti-AGE antibody. The second anti-AGE antibody is different from the first anti-AGE antibody.

[0019] In a third aspect, the invention is a method of treating a subject with disease-related cachexia comprising a first administering of an anti-AGE antibody; followed by testing the subject for effectiveness of the first administration at treating disease-related cachexia; followed by a second administering of the anti-AGE antibody.

[0020] In a fourth aspect, the invention is use of an anti-AGE antibody for the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing the onset of disease-related cachexia.

[0021] In a fifth aspect, the invention is a composition comprising an anti-AGE antibody for use in treating or preventing the onset of disease-related cachexia.

[0022] In a sixth aspect, the invention is a composition for treating disease-related cachexia comprising a first anti-AGE antibody, a second anti-AGE antibody and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier. The first anti-AGE antibody is different from the second anti-AGE antibody.

[0023] In a seventh aspect, the invention is a method of treating or preventing the onset of disease-related cachexia comprising immunizing a subject in need thereof against AGE-modified proteins or peptides of a cell.

[0024] In an eighth aspect, the invention is a method of treating a subject with disease-related cachexia comprising administering a first vaccine comprising a first AGE antigen and, optionally, administering a second vaccine comprising a second AGE antigen. The second AGE antigen is different from the first AGE antigen.

[0025] In a ninth aspect, the invention is use of an AGE antigen for the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing the onset of disease-related cachexia.

[0026] In a tenth aspect, the invention is a composition comprising an AGE antigen for use in treating or preventing the onset of disease-related cachexia.

Definitions

[0027] The term "disease-related cachexia" means the loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness and/or significant loss of appetite in a person who has been diagnosed with a separate disease or disorder and who is not actively trying to lose weight. Disease-related cachexia does not include idiopathic cachexia, nor sarcopenia associated with aging.

[0028] The term "peptide" means a molecule composed of 2-50 amino acids.

[0029] The term "protein" means a molecule composed of more than 50 amino acids.

[0030] The terms "advanced glycation end-product", "AGE", "AGE-modified protein or peptide" and "glycation end-product" refer to modified proteins or peptides that are formed as the result of the reaction of sugars with protein side chains that further rearrange and form irreversible cross-links. This process begins with a reversible reaction between a reducing sugar and an amino group to form a Schiff base, which proceeds to form a covalently-bonded Amadori rearrangement product. Once formed, the Amadori product undergoes further rearrangement to produce AGEs. AGE-modified proteins and antibodies to AGE-modified proteins are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,702,704 to Bucala ("Bucala") and U.S. Pat. No. 6,380,165 to Al-Abed et al. ("Al-Abed"). Glycated proteins or peptides that have not undergone the necessary rearrangement to form AGEs, such as N-deoxyfructosyllysine found on glycated albumin, are not AGEs. AGEs may be identified by the presence of AGE modifications (also referred to as AGE epitopes or AGE moieties) such as 2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H-imidazole ("FFI"); 5-hydroxymethyl-1-alkylpyrrole-2-carbaldehyde ("Pyrraline"); 1-alkyl-2-formyl-3,4-diglycosyl pyrrole ("AFGP"), a non-fluorescent model AGE; carboxymethyllysine; carboxyethyllysine; and pentosidine. ALI, another AGE, is described in Al-Abed.

[0031] The term "AGE antigen" means a substance that elicits an immune response against an AGE-modified protein or peptide of a cell. The immune response against an AGE-modified protein or peptide of a cell does not include the production of antibodies to the non-AGE-modified protein or peptide.

[0032] "An antibody that binds to an AGE-modified protein on a cell", "anti-AGE antibody" or "AGE antibody" means an antibody, antibody fragment or other protein or peptide that binds to an AGE-modified protein or peptide which preferably includes a constant region of an antibody, where the protein or peptide which has been AGE-modified is a protein or peptide normally found bound on the surface of a cell, preferably a mammalian cell, more preferably a human, cat, dog, horse, camelid (for example, camel or alpaca), cattle, sheep, or goat cell. "An antibody that binds to an AGE-modified protein on a cell", "anti-AGE antibody" or "AGE antibody" does not include an antibody or other protein which binds with the same specificity and selectivity to both the AGE-modified protein or peptide, and the same non-AGE-modified protein or peptide (that is, the presence of the AGE modification does not increase binding). AGE-modified albumin is not an AGE-modified protein on a cell, because albumin is not a protein normally found bound on the surface of cells. "An antibody that binds to an AGE-modified protein on a cell", "anti-AGE antibody" or "AGE antibody" only includes those antibodies which lead to removal, destruction, or death of the cell. Also included are antibodies which are conjugated, for example to a toxin, drug, or other chemical or particle. Preferably, the antibodies are monoclonal antibodies, but polyclonal antibodies are also possible.

[0033] The term "senescent cell" means a cell which is in a state of proliferative arrest and expresses one or more biomarkers of senescence, such as activation of p16.sup.lnk4a or expression of senescence-associated .beta.-galactosidase. Also included are cells which express one or more biomarkers of senescence, do not proliferate in vivo, but may proliferate in vitro under certain conditions, such as some satellite cells found in the muscles of ALS patients.

[0034] The term "variant" means a nucleotide, protein or amino acid sequence different from the specifically identified sequences, wherein one or more nucleotides, proteins or amino acid residues is deleted, substituted or added. Variants may be naturally-occurring allelic variants, or non-naturally-occurring variants. Variants of the identified sequences may retain some or all of the functional characteristics of the identified sequences.

[0035] The term "percent (%) sequence identity" is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical to the amino acid residues in a reference polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN or Megalign (DNASTAR) software. Preferably, % sequence identity values are generated using the sequence comparison computer program ALIGN-2. The ALIGN-2 sequence comparison computer program is publicly available from Genentech, Inc. (South San Francisco, Calif.), or may be compiled from the source code, which has been filed with user documentation in the U.S. Copyright Office and is registered under U.S. Copyright Registration No. TXU510087. The ALIGN-2 program should be compiled for use on a UNIX operating system, including digital UNIX V4.0D. All sequence comparison parameters are set by the ALIGN-2 program and do not vary.

[0036] In situations where ALIGN-2 is employed for amino acid sequence comparisons, the % sequence identity of a given amino acid sequence A to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B (which can alternatively be phrased as a given amino acid sequence A that has or comprises a certain % amino acid sequence identity to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B) is calculated as follows: 100 times the fraction X/Y where X is the number of amino acid residues scored as identical matches by the sequence alignment program ALIGN-2 in that program's alignment of A and B, and where Y is the total number of amino acid residues in B. Where the length of amino acid sequence A is not equal to the length of amino acid sequence B, the % amino acid sequence identity of A to B will not equal the % amino acid sequence identity of B to A. Unless specifically stated otherwise, all % amino acid sequence identity values used herein are obtained using the ALIGN-2 computer program.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

[0037] FIG. 1 is a graph of the response versus time in an antibody binding experiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Cellular senescence, cancer metastasis and cachexia have each been recognized as proinflammatory conditions (WO 2016/044252; Giacconi, R., et al., "Cellular senescence and inflammatory burden as determinants of mortality in elderly people until the extreme old age", EBiomedicine, Vol. 2, 1316-1317 (2015); Arai, Y. et al., "Inflammation, but not telomere length, predicts successful ageing at extreme old age: a longitudinal study of semi-supercentenarians", EBiomedicine, Vol. 2, 1549-1558 (2015)). The inflammatory environment caused by cancer cells leads to increased levels of ghrelin, myostatin, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and ANGPTL4 in cancer cachexia patients (Pinto, N. et al., "Cancer as a proinflammatory environment: Metastasis and cachexia", Mediators of Inflammation, Vol. 2015, article ID 791060 (2015)). Senescent cells secrete insulin like growth factor binding proteins and TGF-.beta. family members including annexin A and myostatin, which have been causally related to cancer cachexia. The insulin growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) homolog ImpL2 is secreted by malignant tumors and has been identified as a factor that mediates wasting in a fly model (Figueroa-Clarevega, A. et al., "Malignant Drosophila tumors interrupt insulin signaling to induce cachexia-like wasting", Developmental Cell, Vol. 33, No. 1, 47-55 (2015)). Blocking the myostatin/activin signaling pathway has shown beneficial results in a mouse model of cancer cachexia (Lee, S. et al., "Treating cancer cachexia to treat cancer", Skeletal Muscle, 1-2 (2011)). Senescent cells also secrete TNF-.alpha., which is known to mediate cachexia (Pinto; da Rocha). Accordingly, there is a causal link between cellular senescence and disease-related cachexia.

[0039] The therapeutic benefits of removing senescent cells has been demonstrated in atherosclerosis and in age-related diseases, such as sarcopenia. The identification of a link between cellular senescence and disease-related cachexia allows for similar treatment possibilities. The present invention uses enhanced clearance of cells expressing AGE-modified proteins or peptides (AGE-modified cells) to treat or ameliorate disease-related cachexia. This may be accomplished by administering anti-AGE antibodies to a subject.

[0040] Vaccination against AGE-modified proteins or peptides of a cell may also be used to control the presence of AGE-modified cells in a subject. The continuous and virtually ubiquitous surveillance exercised by the immune system in the body in response to a vaccination allows maintaining low levels of AGE-modified cells in the body. Vaccination against AGE-modified proteins or peptides of a cell removes or kills senescent cells. The process of senescent cell removal or destruction allows vaccination against AGE-modified proteins or peptides of a cell to be used to treat disease-related cachexia.

[0041] An antibody that binds to an AGE-modified protein on a cell ("anti-AGE antibody" or "AGE antibody") is known in the art. Examples include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,702,704 (Bucala) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,380,165 (Al-Abed et al.). Examples include an antibody that binds to one or more AGE-modified proteins having an AGE modification such as FFI, pyrraline, AFGP, ALI, carboxymethyllysine, carboxyethyllysine and pentosidine, and mixtures of such antibodies. Preferably, the antibody binds carboxymethyllysine-modified or carboxyethyllysine-modified proteins. Preferably, the antibody is non-immunogenic to the animal in which it will be used, such as non-immunogenic to humans; companion animals including cats, dogs and horses; and commercially important animals, such camels (or alpaca), cattle (bovine), sheep, and goats. More preferably, the antibody has the same species constant region as antibodies of the animal to reduce the immune response against the antibody, such as being humanized (for humans), felinized (for cats), caninized (for dogs), equuinized (for horses), camelized (for camels or alpaca), bovinized (for cattle), ovinized (for sheep), or caperized (for goats). Most preferably, the antibody is identical to that of the animal in which it will be used (except for the variable region), such as a human antibody, a cat antibody, a dog antibody, a horse antibody, a camel antibody, a bovine antibody, a sheep antibody or a goat antibody. Details of the constant regions and other parts of antibodies for these animals are described below. The antibody may be monoclonal or polyclonal. Preferably, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.

[0042] Particularly preferred anti-AGE antibodies include those which bind to proteins or peptides that exhibit a carboxymethyllysine or carboxyethyllysine AGE modification. Carboxymethyllysine (also known as N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine, N(6)-carboxymethyllysine, or 2-Amino-6-(carboxymethylamino)hexanoic acid) and carboxyethyllysine (also known as N-epsilon-(carboxyethyl)lysine) are found on proteins or peptides and lipids as a result of oxidative stress and chemical glycation. CML- and CEL-modified proteins or peptides are recognized by the receptor RAGE which is expressed on a variety of cells. CML and CEL have been well-studied and CML- and CEL-related products are commercially available. For example, Cell Biolabs, Inc. sells CML-BSA antigens, CML polyclonal antibodies, CML immunoblot kits, and CML competitive ELISA kits (www.cellbiolabs.com/cml-assays) as well as CEL-BSA antigens and CEL competitive ELISA kits (www.cellbiolabs.com/cel-n-epsilon-carboxyethyl-lysine-assays-and-reagent- s). A particularly preferred antibody includes the variable region of the commercially available mouse anti-glycation end-product antibody raised against carboxymethyl lysine conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin, the carboxymethyl lysine MAb (Clone 318003) available from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, Minn.; catalog no. MAB3247), modified to have a human constant region (or the constant region of the animal into which it will be administered). Commercially-available antibodies, such as the carboxymethyl lysine antibody corresponding to catalog no. MAB3247 from R&D Systems, Inc., may be intended for diagnostic purposes and may contain material that is not suited for use in animals or humans. Preferably, commercially-available antibodies are purified and/or isolated prior to use in animals or humans to remove toxins or other potentially-harmful material.

[0043] The anti-AGE antibody has low rate of dissociation from the antibody-antigen complex, or k.sub.d (also referred to as k.sub.back or off-rate), preferably at most 9.times.10.sup.-3, 8.times.10.sup.-3, 7.times.10.sup.-3 or 6.times.10.sup.-3 (sec.sup.-1). The anti-AGE antibody has a high affinity for the AGE-modified protein of a cell, which may be expressed as a low dissociation constant K.sub.D of at most 9.times.10.sup.-6, 8.times.10.sup.-6, 7.times.10.sup.-6, 6.times.10.sup.-6, 5.times.10, 4.times.10.sup.-6 or 3.times.10.sup.-6 (M). Preferably, the binding properties of the anti-AGE antibody are similar to, the same as, or superior to the carboxymethyl lysine MAb (Clone 318003) available from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, Minn.; catalog no. MAB3247), illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0044] The anti-AGE antibody may destroy AGE-modified cells through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). ADCC is a mechanism of cell-mediated immune defense in which an effector cell of the immune system actively lyses a target cell whose membrane-surface antigens have been bound by specific antibodies. ADCC may be mediated by natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, neutrophils or eosinophils. The effector cells bind to the Fc portion of the bound antibody. The anti-AGE antibody may also destroy AGE-modified cells through complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). In CDC, the complement cascade of the immune system is triggered by an antibody binding to a target antigen.

[0045] The anti-AGE antibody may be conjugated to an agent that causes the destruction of AGE-modified cells. Such agents may be a toxin, a cytotoxic agent, magnetic nanoparticles, and magnetic spin-vortex discs.

[0046] A toxin, such as pore-forming toxins (PFT) (Aroian R. et al., "Pore-Forming Toxins and Cellular Non-Immune Defenses (CNIDs)," Current Opinion in Microbiology, 10:57-61 (2007)), conjugated to an anti-AGE antibody may be injected into a patient to selectively target and remove AGE-modified cells. The anti-AGE antibody recognizes and binds to AGE-modified cells. Then, the toxin causes pore formation at the cell surface and subsequent cell removal through osmotic lysis.

[0047] Magnetic nanoparticles conjugated to the anti-AGE antibody may be injected into a patient to target and remove AGE-modified cells. The magnetic nanoparticles can be heated by applying a magnetic field in order to selectively remove the AGE-modified cells.

[0048] As an alternative, magnetic spin-vortex discs, which are magnetized only when a magnetic field is applied to avoid self-aggregation that can block blood vessels, begin to spin when a magnetic field is applied, causing membrane disruption of target cells. Magnetic spin-vortex discs, conjugated to anti-AGE antibodies specifically target AGE-modified cell types, without removing other cells.

[0049] Antibodies typically comprise two heavy chains and two light chains of polypeptides joined to form a "Y" shaped molecule. The constant region determines the mechanism used to target the antigen. The amino acid sequence in the tips of the "Y" (the variable region) varies among different antibodies. This variation gives the antibody its specificity for binding antigen. The variable region, which includes the ends of the light and heavy chains, is further subdivided into hypervariable (HV--also sometimes referred to as complementarity determining regions, or CDRs) and framework (FR) regions. When antibodies are prepared recombinantly, it is also possible to have a single antibody with variable regions (or complementary determining regions) that bind to two different antigens, with each tip of the "Y" being specific to each antigen; these are referred to as bi-specific antibodies.

[0050] A humanized anti-AGE antibody according to the present invention may have the human constant region sequence of amino acids shown in SEQ ID NO: 22. The heavy chain complementarity determining regions of the humanized anti-AGE antibody may have one or more of the protein sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 23 (CDR1H), SEQ ID NO: 24 (CDR2H) and SEQ ID NO: 25 (CDR3H). The light chain complementarity determining regions of the humanized anti-AGE antibody may have one or more of the protein sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 26 (CDR1L), SEQ ID NO: 27 (CDR2L) and SEQ ID NO: 28 (CDR3L).

[0051] The heavy chain of human (Homo sapiens) antibody immunoglobulin G1 may have or may include the protein sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. The variable domain of the heavy chain may have or may include the protein sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. The complementarity determining regions of the variable domain of the heavy chain (SEQ ID NO: 2) are shown in SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42 and SEQ ID NO: 43. The kappa light chain of human (Homo sapiens) antibody immunoglobulin G1 may have or may include the protein sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. The variable domain of the kappa light chain may have or may include the protein sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. Optionally, the arginine (Arg or R) residue at position 128 of SEQ ID NO: 4 may be omitted. The complementarity determining regions of the variable domain of the light chain (SEQ ID NO: 4) are shown in SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45 and SEQ ID NO: 46. The variable regions may be codon-optimized, synthesized and cloned into expression vectors containing human immunoglobulin G1 constant regions. In addition, the variable regions may be used in the humanization of non-human antibodies.

[0052] The antibody heavy chain may be encoded by the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, a murine anti-AGE immunoglobulin G2b heavy chain. The protein sequence of the murine anti-AGE immunoglobulin G2b heavy chain encoded by SEQ ID NO: 12 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 16. The variable region of the murine antibody is shown in SEQ ID NO: 20, which corresponds to positions 25-142 of SEQ ID NO: 16. The antibody heavy chain may alternatively be encoded by the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, a chimeric anti-AGE human immunoglobulin G1 heavy chain. The protein sequence of the chimeric anti-AGE human immunoglobulin G1 heavy chain encoded by SEQ ID NO: 13 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 17. The chimeric anti-AGE human immunoglobulin includes the murine variable region of SEQ ID NO: 20 in positions 25-142. The antibody light chain may be encoded by the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, a murine anti-AGE kappa light chain. The protein sequence of the murine anti-AGE kappa light chain encoded by SEQ ID NO: 14 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 18. The variable region of the murine antibody is shown in SEQ ID NO: 21, which corresponds to positions 21-132 of SEQ ID NO: 18. The antibody light chain may alternatively be encoded by the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, a chimeric anti-AGE human kappa light chain. The protein sequence of the chimeric anti-AGE human kappa light chain encoded by SEQ ID NO: 15 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 19. The chimeric anti-AGE human immunoglobulin includes the murine variable region of SEQ ID NO: 21 in positions 21-132.

[0053] A humanized anti-AGE antibody according to the present invention may have or may include one or more humanized heavy chains or humanized light chains. A humanized heavy chain may be encoded by the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30, 32 or 34. The protein sequences of the humanized heavy chains encoded by SEQ ID NOs: 30, 32 and 34 are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 29, 31 and 33, respectively. A humanized light chain may be encoded by the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, 38 or 40. The protein sequences of the humanized light chains encoded by SEQ ID NOs: 36, 38 and 40 are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 35, 37 and 39, respectively. Preferably, the humanized anti-AGE antibody maximizes the amount of human sequence while retaining the original antibody specificity. A complete humanized antibody may be constructed that contains a heavy chain having a protein sequence chosen from SEQ ID NOs: 29, 31 and 33 and a light chain having a protein sequence chosen from SEQ ID NOs: 35, 37 and 39.

[0054] The protein sequence of an antibody from a non-human species may be modified to include the variable domain of the heavy chain having the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or the kappa light chain having the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4. The non-human species may be a companion animal, such as the domestic cat or domestic dog, or livestock, such as cattle, the horse or the camel. Preferably, the non-human species is not the mouse. The heavy chain of the horse (Equus caballus) antibody immunoglobulin gamma 4 may have or may include the protein sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 (EMBUGenBank accession number AY445518). The heavy chain of the horse (Equus caballus) antibody immunoglobulin delta may have or may include the protein sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 (EMBL/GenBank accession number AY631942). The heavy chain of the dog (Canis familiaris) antibody immunoglobulin A may have or may include the protein sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 (GenBank accession number L36871). The heavy chain of the dog (Canis familiaris) antibody immunoglobulin E may have or may include the protein sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 (GenBank accession number L36872). The heavy chain of the cat (Felis catus) antibody immunoglobulin G2 may have or may include the protein sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 (DDBJ/EMBUGenBank accession number KF811175).

[0055] Animals of the camelid family, such as camels (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus), llamas (Lama glama, Lama pacos and Lama vicugna), alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and guanacos (Lama guanicoe), have a unique antibody that is not found in other mammals. In addition to conventional immunoglobulin G antibodies composed of heavy and light chain tetramers, camelids also have heavy chain immunoglobulin G antibodies that do not contain light chains and exist as heavy chain dimers. These antibodies are known as heavy chain antibodies, HCAbs, single-domain antibodies or sdAbs, and the variable domain of a camelid heavy chain antibody is known as the VHH. The camelid heavy chain antibodies lack the heavy chain CH1 domain and have a hinge region that is not found in other species. The variable region of the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) single-domain antibody may have or may include the protein sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 (GenBank accession number AJ245148). The variable region of the heavy chain of the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) tetrameric immunoglobulin may have or may include the protein sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 (GenBank accession number AJ245184).

[0056] In addition to camelids, heavy chain antibodies are also found in cartilaginous fishes, such as sharks, skates and rays. This type of antibody is known as an immunoglobulin new antigen receptor or IgNAR, and the variable domain of an IgNAR is known as the VNAR. The IgNAR exists as two identical heavy chain dimers composed of one variable domain and five constant domains each. Like camelids, there is no light chain.

[0057] The protein sequences of additional non-human species may be readily found in online databases, such as the International ImMunoGeneTics Information System (www.imgt.org), the European Bioinformatics Institute (www.ebi.ac.uk), the DNA Databank of Japan (ddbj.nig.ac.jp/arsa) or the National Center for Biotechnology Information (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).

[0058] An anti-AGE antibody or a variant thereof may include a heavy chain variable region having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 20, including post-translational modifications thereof. A variable region having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity may contain substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-AGE antibody including that sequence retains the ability to bind to AGE. The substitutions, insertions, or deletions may occur in regions outside the variable region.

[0059] An anti-AGE antibody or a variant thereof may include a light chain variable region having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 21, including post-translational modifications thereof. A variable region having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity may contain substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the reference sequence, but an anti-AGE antibody including that sequence retains the ability to bind to AGE. The substitutions, insertions, or deletions may occur in regions outside the variable region.

[0060] Alternatively, the antibody may have the complementarity determining regions of commercially available mouse anti-glycation end-product antibody raised against carboxymethyl lysine conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (CML-KLH), the carboxymethyl lysine MAb (Clone 318003) available from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, Minn.; catalog no. MAB3247).

[0061] The antibody may have or may include constant regions which permit destruction of targeted cells by a subject's immune system.

[0062] Mixtures of antibodies that bind to more than one type AGE of AGE-modified proteins may also be used.

[0063] Bi-specific antibodies, which are anti-AGE antibodies directed to two different epitopes, may also be used. Such antibodies will have a variable region (or complementary determining region) from those of one anti-AGE antibody, and a variable region (or complementary determining region) from a different antibody.

[0064] Antibody fragments may be used in place of whole antibodies. For example, immunoglobulin G may be broken down into smaller fragments by digestion with enzymes. Papain digestion cleaves the N-terminal side of inter-heavy chain disulfide bridges to produce Fab fragments. Fab fragments include the light chain and one of the two N-terminal domains of the heavy chain (also known as the Fd fragment). Pepsin digestion cleaves the C-terminal side of the inter-heavy chain disulfide bridges to produce F(ab').sub.2 fragments. F(ab').sub.2 fragments include both light chains and the two N-terminal domains linked by disulfide bridges. Pepsin digestion may also form the Fv (fragment variable) and Fc (fragment crystallizable) fragments. The Fv fragment contains the two N-terminal variable domains. The Fc fragment contains the domains which interact with immunoglobulin receptors on cells and with the initial elements of the complement cascade. Pepsin may also cleave immunoglobulin G before the third constant domain of the heavy chain (C.sub.H3) to produce a large fragment F(abc) and a small fragment pFc'. Antibody fragments may alternatively be produced recombinantly. Preferably, such antibody fragments are conjugated to an agent that causes the destruction of AGE-modified cells.

[0065] If additional antibodies are desired, they can be produced using well-known methods. For example, polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) can be raised in a mammalian host by one or more injections of an immunogen, and if desired, an adjuvant. Typically, the immunogen (and adjuvant) is injected in a mammal by a subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection. The immunogen may be an AGE-modified protein of a cell, such as AGE-antithrombin Ill, AGE-calmodulin, AGE-insulin, AGE-ceruloplasmin, AGE-collagen, AGE-cathepsin B, AGE-albumin such as AGE-bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA), AGE-human serum albumin and ovalbumin, AGE-crystallin, AGE-plasminogen activator, AGE-endothelial plasma membrane protein, AGE-aldehyde reductase, AGE-transferrin, AGE-fibrin, AGE-copper/zinc SOD, AGE-apo B, AGE-fibronectin, AGE-pancreatic ribose, AGE-apo A-I and II, AGE-hemoglobin, AGE-Na.sup.+/K.sup.+-ATPase, AGE-plasminogen, AGE-myelin, AGE-lysozyme, AGE-immunoglobulin, AGE-red cell Glu transport protein, AGE-.beta.-N-acetyl hexominase, AGE-apo E, AGE-red cell membrane protein, AGE-aldose reductase, AGE-ferritin, AGE-red cell spectrin, AGE-alcohol dehydrogenase, AGE-haptoglobin, AGE-tubulin, AGE-thyroid hormone, AGE-fibrinogen, AGE-.beta..sub.2-microglobulin, AGE-sorbitol dehydrogenase, AGE-.alpha..sub.1-antitrypsin, AGE-carbonate dehydratase, AGE-RNAse, AGE-low density lipoprotein, AGE-hexokinase, AGE-apo C-I, AGE-RNAse, AGE-hemoglobin such as AGE-human hemoglobin, AGE-low density lipoprotein (AGE-LDL) and AGE-collagen IV. AGE-modified cells, such as AGE-modified erythrocytes, whole, lysed, or partially digested, may also be used as AGE antigens. Examples of adjuvants include Freund's complete, monophosphoryl Lipid A synthetic-trehalose dicorynomycolate, aluminum hydroxide (alum), heat shock proteins HSP 70 or HSP96, squalene emulsion containing monophosphoryl lipid A, .alpha.2-macroglobulin and surface active substances, including oil emulsions, pleuronic polyols, polyanions and dinitrophenol. To improve the immune response, an immunogen may be conjugated to a polypeptide that is immunogenic in the host, such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), serum albumin, bovine thyroglobulin, cholera toxin, labile enterotoxin, silica particles or soybean trypsin inhibitor. A preferred immunogen conjugate is AGE-KLH. Alternatively, pAbs may be made in chickens, producing IgY molecules.

[0066] Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may also be made by immunizing a host or lymphocytes from a host, harvesting the mAb-secreting (or potentially secreting) lymphocytes, fusing those lymphocytes to immortalized cells (for example, myeloma cells), and selecting those cells that secrete the desired mAb. Other techniques may be used, such as the EBV-hybridoma technique. Techniques for the generation of chimeric antibodies by splicing genes encoding the variable domains of antibodies to genes of the constant domains of human (or other animal) immunoglobulin result in "chimeric antibodies" that are substantially human (humanized) or substantially "ized" to another animal (such as cat, dog, horse, camel or alpaca, cattle, sheep, or goat) at the amino acid level. If desired, the mAbs may be purified from the culture medium or ascites fluid by conventional procedures, such as protein A-sepharose, hydroxyapatite chromatography, gel electrophoresis, dialysis, ammonium sulfate precipitation or affinity chromatography. Additionally, human monoclonal antibodies can be generated by immunization of transgenic mice containing a third copy IgG human trans-loci and silenced endogenous mouse Ig loci or using human-transgenic mice. Production of humanized monoclonal antibodies and fragments thereof can also be generated through phage display technologies.

[0067] A "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like, compatible with pharmaceutical administration. Preferred examples of such carriers or diluents include water, saline, Ringer's solutions and dextrose solution. Supplementary active compounds can also be incorporated into the compositions. Solutions and suspensions used for parenteral administration can include a sterile diluent, such as water for injection, saline solution, polyethylene glycols, glycerin, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents; antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfate; buffers such as acetates, citrates or phosphates, and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose. The pH can be adjusted with acids or bases, such as hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. The parenteral preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic.

[0068] Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for injection include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersion. Various excipients may be included in pharmaceutical compositions of antibodies suitable for injection. For intravenous administration, suitable carriers include physiological saline, bacteriostatic water, CREMOPHOR EL.RTM. (BASF; Parsippany, N.J.) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). In all cases, the composition must be sterile and should be fluid so as to be administered using a syringe. Such compositions should be stable during manufacture and storage and must be preserved against contamination from microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Various antibacterial and anti-fungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, ascorbic acid, and thimerosal, can contain microorganism contamination. Isotonic agents such as sugars, polyalcohols, such as manitol, sorbitol, and sodium chloride can be included in the composition. Compositions that can delay absorption include agents such as aluminum monostearate and gelatin. Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating antibodies, and optionally other therapeutic components, in the required amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a combination of ingredients as required, followed by sterilization. Methods of preparation of sterile solids for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions include vacuum drying and freeze-drying to yield a solid.

[0069] For administration by inhalation, the antibodies may be delivered as an aerosol spray from a nebulizer or a pressurized container that contains a suitable propellant, for example, a gas such as carbon dioxide. Antibodies may also be delivered via inhalation as a dry powder, for example using the iSPERSE.TM. inhaled drug delivery platform (PULMATRIX, Lexington, Mass.). The use of anti-AGE antibodies which are chicken antibodies (IgY) may be non-immunogenic in a variety of animals, including humans, when administered by inhalation.

[0070] An appropriate dosage level of each type of antibody will generally be about 0.01 to 500 mg per kg patient body weight. Preferably, the dosage level will be about 0.1 to about 250 mg/kg; more preferably about 0.5 to about 100 mg/kg. A suitable dosage level may be about 0.01 to 250 mg/kg, about 0.05 to 100 mg/kg, or about 0.1 to 50 mg/kg. Within this range the dosage may be 0.05 to 0.5, 0.5 to 5 or 5 to 50 mg/kg. Although each type of antibody may be administered on a regimen of 1 to 4 times per day, such as once or twice per day, antibodies typically have a long half-life in vivo. Accordingly, each type of antibody may be administered once a day, once a week, once every two or three weeks, once a month, or once every 60 to 90 days.

[0071] A subject that receives administration of an anti-AGE antibody may be tested to determine if the administration has been effective to treat cachexia by measuring the weight of a subject over time. For example, a baseline weight of a subject may be measured followed by administration of the anti-AGE antibody. The effectiveness of the antibody treatment may be determined by periodically measuring the weight of the subject and comparing the subsequent measurements to the baseline measurement. A subject may be considered to have received an effective antibody treatment if he or she does not demonstrate loss of weight between subsequent measurements or over time. Similarly, a reduction in inflammatory factors would be indicative of the development of an effective antibody treatment. Alternatively, the concentration and/or number of senescent cells may be measured over time. Administration of antibody and subsequent testing may be repeated until the desired therapeutic result is achieved.

[0072] Unit dosage forms can be created to facilitate administration and dosage uniformity. Unit dosage form refers to physically discrete units suited as single dosages for the subject to be treated, containing a therapeutically effective quantity of one or more types of antibodies in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. Preferably, the unit dosage form is in a sealed container and is sterile.

[0073] Vaccines against AGE-modified proteins or peptides contain an AGE antigen, an adjuvant, optional preservatives and optional excipients. Examples of AGE antigens include AGE-modified proteins or peptides such as AGE-antithrombin III, AGE-calmodulin, AGE-insulin, AGE-ceruloplasmin, AGE-collagen, AGE-cathepsin B, AGE-albumin such as AGE-bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA), AGE-human serum albumin and ovalbumin, AGE-crystallin, AGE-plasminogen activator, AGE-endothelial plasma membrane protein, AGE-aldehyde reductase, AGE-transferrin, AGE-fibrin, AGE-copper/zinc SOD, AGE-apo B, AGE-fibronectin, AGE-pancreatic ribose, AGE-apo A-I and II, AGE-hemoglobin, AGE-Na.sup.+/K.sup.+-ATPase, AGE-plasminogen, AGE-myelin, AGE-lysozyme, AGE-immunoglobulin, AGE-red cell Glu transport protein, AGE-.beta.-N-acetyl hexominase, AGE-apo E, AGE-red cell membrane protein, AGE-aldose reductase, AGE-ferritin, AGE-red cell spectrin, AGE-alcohol dehydrogenase, AGE-haptoglobin, AGE-tubulin, AGE-thyroid hormone, AGE-fibrinogen, AGE-.beta..sub.2-microglobulin, AGE-sorbitol dehydrogenase, AGE-.alpha..sub.1-antitrypsin, AGE-carbonate dehydratase, AGE-RNAse, AGE-low density lipoprotein, AGE-hexokinase, AGE-apo C-I, AGE-RNAse, AGE-hemoglobin such as AGE-human hemoglobin, AGE-low density lipoprotein (AGE-LDL) and AGE-collagen IV. AGE-modified cells, such as AGE-modified erythrocytes, whole, lysed, or partially digested, may also be used as AGE antigens. Suitable AGE antigens also include proteins or peptides that exhibit AGE modifications (also referred to as AGE epitopes or AGE moieties) such as carboxymethyllysine (CML), carboxyethyllysine (CEL), pentosidine, pyrraline, FFI, AFGP and ALI. The AGE antigen may be an AGE-protein conjugate, such as AGE conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (AGE-KLH). Further details of some of these AGE-modified proteins or peptides and their preparation are described in Bucala.

[0074] Particularly preferred AGE antigens include proteins or peptides that exhibit a carboxymethyllysine or carboxyethyllysine AGE modification. Carboxymethyllysine (also known as N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine, N(6)-carboxymethyllysine, or 2-Amino-6-(carboxymethylamino)hexanoic acid) and carboxyethyllysine (also known as N-epsilon-(carboxyethyl)lysine) are found on proteins or peptides and lipids as a result of oxidative stress and chemical glycation, and have been correlated with juvenile genetic disorders. CML- and CEL-modified proteins or peptides are recognized by the receptor RAGE which is expressed on a variety of cells. CML and CEL have been well-studied and CML- and CEL-related products are commercially available. For example, Cell Biolabs, Inc. sells CML-BSA antigens, CML polyclonal antibodies, CML immunoblot kits, and CML competitive ELISA kits (www.cellbiolabs.com/cml-assays) as well as CEL-BSA antigens and CEL competitive ELISA kits (www.cellbiolabs.com/cel-n-epsilon-carboxyethyl-lysine-assays-and-reagent- s).

[0075] AGE antigens may be conjugated to carrier proteins to enhance antibody production in a subject. Antigens that are not sufficiently immunogenic alone may require a suitable carrier protein to stimulate a response from the immune system. Examples of suitable carrier proteins include keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), serum albumin, bovine thyroglobulin, cholera toxin, labile enterotoxin, silica particles and soybean trypsin inhibitor. Preferably, the carrier protein is KLH (AGE-KLH). KLH has been extensively studied and has been identified as an effective carrier protein in experimental cancer vaccines. Preferred AGE antigen-carrier protein conjugates include CML-KLH and CEL-KLH.

[0076] The administration of an AGE antigen allows the immune system to develop immunity to the antigen. Immunity is a long-term immune response, either cellular or humoral. A cellular immune response is activated when an antigen is presented, preferably with a co-stimulator to a T-cell which causes it to differentiate and produce cytokines. The cells involved in the generation of the cellular immune response are two classes of T-helper (Th) cells, Th1 and Th2. Th1 cells stimulate B cells to produce predominantly antibodies of the IgG2A isotype, which activates the complement cascade and binds the Fc receptors of macrophages, while Th2 cells stimulate B cells to produce IgG1 isotype antibodies in mice, IgG4 isotype antibodies in humans, and IgE isotype antibodies. The human body also contains "professional" antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells.

[0077] A humoral immune response is triggered when a B cell selectively binds to an antigen and begins to proliferate, leading to the production of a clonal population of cells that produce antibodies that specifically recognize that antigen and which may differentiate into antibody-secreting cells, referred to as plasma-cells or memory-B cells. Antibodies are molecules produced by B-cells that bind a specific antigen. The antigen-antibody complex triggers several responses, either cell-mediated, for example by natural killers (NK) or macrophages, or serum-mediated, for example by activating the complement system, a complex of several serum proteins that act sequentially in a cascade that result in the lysis of the target cell.

[0078] Immunological adjuvants (also referred to simply as "adjuvants") are the component(s) of a vaccine which augment the immune response to the immunogenic agent. Adjuvants function by attracting macrophages to the immunogenic agent and then presenting the agent to the regional lymph nodes to initiate an effective antigenic response. Adjuvants may also act as carriers themselves for the immunogenic agent. Adjuvants may induce an inflammatory response, which may play an important role in initiating the immune response.

[0079] Adjuvants include mineral compounds such as aluminum salts, oil emulsions, bacterial products, liposomes, immunostimulating complexes and squalene. Aluminum compounds are the most widely used adjuvants in human and veterinary vaccines. These aluminum compounds include aluminum salts such as aluminum phosphate (AlPO.sub.4) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH).sub.3) compounds, typically in the form of gels, and are generically referred to in the field of vaccine immunological adjuvants as "alum." Aluminum hydroxide is a poorly crystalline aluminum oxyhydroxide having the structure of the mineral boehmite. Aluminum phosphate is an amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate. Negatively charged species (for example, negatively charged antigens) can absorb onto aluminum hydroxide gels at neutral pH, whereas positively charged species (for example, positively charged antigens) can absorb onto aluminum phosphate gels at neutral pH. It is believed that these aluminum compounds provide a depot of antigen at the site of administration, thereby providing a gradual and continuous release of antigen to stimulate antibody production. Aluminum compounds tend to more effectively stimulate a cellular response mediated by Th2, rather than Th1 cells.

[0080] Emulsion adjuvants include water-in-oil emulsions (for example, Freund's adjuvants, such as killed mycobacteria in oil emulsion) and oil-in-water emulsions (for example, MF-59). Emulsion adjuvants include an immunogenic component, for example squalene (MF-59) or mannide oleate (Incomplete Freund's Adjuvants), which can induce an elevated humoral response, increased T cell proliferation, cytotoxic lymphocytes and cell-mediated immunity.

[0081] Liposomal or vesicular adjuvants (including paucilamellar lipid vesicles) have lipophilic bilayer domains and an aqueous milieu which can be used to encapsulate and transport a variety of materials, for example an antigen. Paucilamellar vesicles (for example, those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,387,373) can be prepared by mixing, under high pressure or shear conditions, a lipid phase comprising a non-phospholipid material (for example, an amphiphile surfactant; see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,217,344; 4,917,951; and 4,911,928), optionally a sterol, and any water-immiscible oily material to be encapsulated in the vesicles (for example, an oil such as squalene oil and an oil-soluble or oil-suspended antigen); and an aqueous phase such as water, saline, buffer or any other aqueous solution used to hydrate the lipids. Liposomal or vesicular adjuvants are believed to promote contact of the antigen with immune cells, for example by fusion of the vesicle to the immune cell membrane, and preferentially stimulate the Th1 sub-population of T-helper cells.

[0082] Other types of adjuvants include Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), quill-saponin and unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG motifs). Additional adjuvants are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication Pub. No. US 2010/0226932 (Sep. 9, 2010) and Jiang, Z-H. et al. "Synthetic vaccines: the role of adjuvants in immune targeting", Current Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 10(15), pp. 1423-39 (2003). Preferable adjuvants include Freund's complete adjuvant and Freund's incomplete adjuvant.

[0083] The vaccine may optionally include one or more preservatives, such as antioxidants, antibacterial and antimicrobial agents, as well as combinations thereof. Examples include benzethonium chloride, ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid sodium (EDTA), thimerosal, phenol, 2-phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde and formalin; antibacterial agents such as amphotericin B, chlortetracycline, gentamicin, neomycin, polymyxin B and streptomycin; antimicrobial surfactants such as polyoxyethylene-9,10-nonyl phenol (Triton N-101, octoxynol-9), sodium deoxycholate and polyoxyethylated octyl phenol (Triton X-100). The production and packaging of the vaccine may eliminate the need for a preservative. For example, a vaccine that has been sterilized and stored in a sealed container may not require a preservative.

[0084] Other components of vaccines include pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as stabilizers, thickening agents, toxin detoxifiers, diluents, pH adjusters, tonicity adjustors, surfactants, antifoaming agents, protein stabilizers, dyes and solvents. Examples of such excipients include hydrochloric acid, phosphate buffers, sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium borate, sodium citrate, sodium hydroxide, potassium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, polydimethylsilozone, brilliant green, phenol red (phenolsulfon-phthalein), glycine, glycerin, sorbitol, histidine, monosodium glutamate, potassium glutamate, sucrose, urea, lactose, gelatin, sorbitol, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80 and glutaraldehyde. A variety of these components of vaccines, as well as adjuvants, are described in www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/appendices/B/excipient-table- -2.pdf and Vogel, F. R. et al., "A compendium of vaccine adjuvants and excipients", Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Vol. 6, pp. 141-228 (1995).

[0085] The vaccine may contain from 1 .mu.g to 100 mg of at least one AGE antigen, including 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 400, 800 or 1000 .mu.g, or 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90 mg. The amount used for a single injection corresponds to a unit dosage.

[0086] The vaccine may be provided in unit dosage form or in multidosage form, such as 2-100 or 2-10 doses. The unit dosages may be provided in a vial with a septum, or in a syringe with or without a needle. The vaccine may be administered intravenously, subdermally or intraperitoneally. Preferably, the vaccine is sterile.

[0087] The vaccine may be administered one or more times, such as 1 to 10 times, including 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 times, and may be administered over a period of time ranging from 1 week to 1 year, 2-10 weeks or 2-10 months. Furthermore, booster vaccinations may be desirable, over the course of 1 year to 20 years, including 2, 5, 10 and 15 years.

[0088] A subject that receives a vaccine for AGE-modified proteins or peptides of a cell may be tested to determine if he or she has developed an immunity to the AGE-modified proteins or peptides. Suitable tests may include blood tests for detecting the presence of an antibody, such as immunoassays or antibody titers. Alternatively, an immunity to AGE-modified proteins or peptides may be determined by monitoring the weight of a subject over time. For example, a baseline weight of a subject may be measured followed by administration of the vaccine for AGE-modified proteins or peptides of a cell. Immunity to AGE-modified proteins or peptides may be determined by periodically measuring the weight of the subject and comparing the subsequent measurements to the baseline measurement. A subject may be considered to have developed an immunity to AGE-modified proteins or peptides if he or she does not demonstrate loss of weight between subsequent measurements or over time. Similarly, a reduction in inflammatory factors would be indicative of the development of an immunity to AGE-modified proteins or peptides. An immunity to AGE-modified proteins or peptides may also be determined by monitoring the concentration and/or number of senescent cells over time. In addition to testing for the development of an immunity to AGE-modified proteins or peptides, a subject may also be tested to determine if the vaccination has been effective to treat cachexia. The effectiveness of the vaccination may be determined by vaccinating a subject followed by periodically measuring the weight of the subject over time or measuring the concentration and/or number of inflammatory factors or senescent cells. Vaccination and subsequent testing may be repeated until the desired therapeutic result is achieved.

[0089] The vaccination process may be designed to provide immunity against multiple AGE moieties. A single AGE antigen may induce the production of AGE antibodies which are capable of binding to multiple AGE moieties. Alternatively, the vaccine may contain multiple AGE antigens. In addition, a subject may receive multiple vaccines, where each vaccine contains a different AGE antigen.

[0090] Any mammal that could develop cachexia may be treated by the methods herein described. Humans are a preferred mammal for treatment. Other mammals that may be treated include mice, rats, goats, sheep, cows, horses and companion animals, such as dogs or cats. A subject in need of treatment may be identified by the diagnosis of cachexia, a chronic condition that has been associated with cachexia or the presence of a pathological condition associated with AGEs such as, for example, atherosclerosis, inflammation, retinopathy, nephropathy, stroke, endothelial cell dysfunction, neurodegenerative disorders or cancer. For example, a subject with cancer may be identified as in need of treatment. Alternatively, any of the mammals or subjects identified above may be excluded from the patient population in need of treatment for cachexia.

[0091] A subject may be identified as having cachexia or in need of treatment if he or she has lost 5% or more of body weight over 12 months combined with reduced muscle strength. Body weight loss may be determined by weighing the subject at regular intervals and measuring the change in body weight. Reduced muscle strength may be determined by measuring hand grip strength, such as with a grip strength dynamometer.

[0092] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 1 is shown below:

TABLE-US-00001 10 20 30 40 50 MNLLLILTFV AAAVAQVQLL QPGAELVKPG ASVKLACKAS GYLFTTYWMH 60 70 80 90 WLKQRPGQGL EWIGEISPTN GRAYYNARFK SEATLTVDKS 100 110 120 130 SNTAYMQLSS LTSEASAVYY CARAYGNYEF AYWGQGTLVT 140 150 160 170 VSVASTKGPS VFPLAPSSKS TSGGTAALGC LVKDYFPEPV 180 190 200 210 220 TVSWNSGALT SGVHTFPAVL QSSGLYSLSS VVTVPSSSLG TQTYICNVNH 230 240 250 260 KPSNTKVDKK VEPKSCDKTH TCPPCPAPEL LGGPSVFLFP 270 280 290 300 PKPKDTLMIS RTPEVTCVVV DVSHEDPEVK FNWYVDGVEV 310 320 330 340 HNAKTKPREE QYNSTYRVVS VLTVLHQDWL NGKEYKCKVS 350 360 370 380 390 NKALPAPIEK TISKAKGQPR EPQVYTLPPS REEMTKNQVS LTCLVKGFYP 400 410 420 430 SDIAVEWESN GQPENNYKTT PPVLDSDGSF FLYSKLTVDK 440 450 460 SRWQQGNVFS CSVMHEALHN HYTQKSLSLS PGK

[0093] Positions 16-133 of the above amino acid sequence correspond to SEQ ID NO: 2. Positions 46-50 of the above amino acid sequence correspond to SEQ ID NO: 41. Positions 65-81 of the above amino acid sequence correspond to SEQ ID NO: 42. Positions 114-122 of the above amino acid sequence correspond to SEQ ID NO: 43.

[0094] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 3 is shown below:

TABLE-US-00002 10 20 30 40 50 MNLLLILTFV AAAVADVVMT QTPLSLPVSL GDQASISCRS RQSLVNSNGN 60 70 80 90 TFLQWYLQKP GQSPKLLIYK VSLRFSGVPD RFSGSGSGTD FTLKISRVEA 110 120 130 140 150 EDLGLYFCSQ STHVPPTFGG GTKLEIKRTV AAPSVFIFPP SDEQLKSGTA 160 170 180 190 SVVCLLNNFY PREAKVQWKV DNALQSGNSQ ESVTEQDSKD 200 210 220 230 STYSLSSTLT LSKADYEKHK VYACEVTHQG LSSPVTKSFN RGEC

[0095] Positions 16-128 of the above amino acid sequence correspond to SEQ ID NO: 4. Optionally, the arginine (Arg or R) residue at position 128 of SEQ ID NO: 4 may be omitted. Positions 39-54 of the above amino acid sequence correspond to SEQ ID NO: 44. Positions 70-76 of the above amino acid sequence correspond to SEQ ID NO: 45. Positions 109-117 of the above amino acid sequence correspond to SEQ ID NO: 46.

[0096] The DNA sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 12 is shown below:

TABLE-US-00003 ATGGACCCCAAGGGCAGCCTGAGCTGGAGAATCCTGCTGTTCCTGAGCCT GGCCTTCGAGCTGAGCTACGGCCAGGTGCAGCTGCTGCAGCCAGGTGCCG AGCTCGTGAAACCTGGCGCCTCTGTGAAGCTGGCCTGCAAGGCTTCCGGC TACCTGTTCACCACCTACTGGATGCACTGGCTGAAGCAGAGGCCAGGCCA GGGCCTGGAATGGATCGGCGAGATCTCCCCCACCAACGGCAGAGCCTACT ACAACGCCCGGTTCAAGTCCGAGGCCACCCTGACCGTGGACAAGTCCTCC AACACCGCCTACATGCAGCTGTCCTCCCTGACCTCTGAGGCCTCCGCCGT GTACTACTGCGCCAGAGCTTACGGCAACTACGAGTTCGCCTACTGGGGCC AGGGCACCCTCGTGACAGTGTCTGTGGCTAAGACCACCCCTCCCTCCGTG TACCCTCTGGCTCCTGGCTGTGGCGACACCACCGGATCCTCTGTGACCCT GGGCTGCCTCGTGAAGGGCTACTTCCCTGAGTCCGTGACCGTGACCTGGA ACTCCGGCTCCCTGTCCTCCTCCGTGCACACCTTTCCAGCCCTGCTGCAG TCCGGCCTGTACACCATGTCCTCCAGCGTGACAGTGCCCTCCTCCACCTG GCCTTCCCAGACCGTGACATGCTCTGTGGCCCACCCTGCCTCTTCCACCA CCGTGGACAAGAAGCTGGAACCCTCCGGCCCCATCTCCACCATCAACCCT TGCCCTCCCTGCAAAGAATGCCACAAGTGCCCTGCCCCCAACCTGGAAGG CGGCCCTTCCGTGTTCATCTTCCCACCCAACATCAAGGACGTGCTGATGA TCTCCCTGACCCCCAAAGTGACCTGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGICCGAGGAC GACCCTGACGTGCAGATCAGTTGGTTCGTGAACAACGTGGAAGTGCACAC CGCCCAGACCCAGACACACAGAGAGGACTACAACAGCACCATCAGAGTGG TGTCTACCCTGCCCATCCAGCACCAGGACTGGATGTCCGGCAAAGAATTC AAGTGCAAAGTGAACAACAAGGACCTGCCCAGCCCCATCGAGCGGACCAT CTCCAAGATCAAGGGCCTCGTGCGGGCTCCCCAGGTGTACATTCTGCCTC CACCAGCCGAGCAGCTGTCCCGGAAGGATGTGTCTCTGACATGTCTGGTC GTGGGCTTCAACCCCGGCGACATCTCCGTGGAATGGACCTCCAACGGCCA CACCGAGGAAAACTACAAGGACACCGCCCCTGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCT CCTACTTCATCTACTCCAAGCTGAACATGAAGACCTCCAAGTGGGAAAAG ACCGACTCCTTCTCCTGCAACGTGCGGCACGAGGGCCTGAAGAACTACTA CCTGAAGAAAACCATCTCCCGGTCCCCCGGCTAG

[0097] The DNA sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 13 is shown below:

TABLE-US-00004 ATGGACCCCAAGGGCAGCCTGAGCTGGAGAATCCTGCTGTTCCTGAGCCT GGCCTTCGAGCTGAGCTACGGCCAGGTGCAGCTGCTGCAGCCAGGTGCCG AGCTCGTGAAACCTGGCGCCTCTGTGAAGCTGGCCTGCAAGGCTTCCGGC TACCTGTTCACCACCTACTGGATGCACTGGCTGAAGCAGAGGCCAGGCCA GGGCCTGGAATGGATCGGCGAGATCTCCCCCACCAACGGCAGAGCCTACT ACAACGCCCGGTTCAAGTCCGAGGCCACCCTGACCGTGGACAAGTCCTCC AACACCGCCTACATGCAGCTGTCCTCCCTGACCTCTGAGGCCTCCGCCGT GTACTACTGCGCCAGAGCTTACGGCAACTACGAGTTCGCCTACTGGGGCC AGGGCACCCTCGTGACAGTGTCTGTGGCTAGCACCAAGGGCCCCAGCGTG TTCCCTCTGGCCCCCAGCAGCAAGAGCACCAGCGGCGGAACCGCCGCCCT GGGCTGCCTGGTGAAGGACTACTTCCCCGAGCCCGTGACCGTGTCCTGGA ACAGCGGCGCTCTGACCAGCGGAGTGCACACCTTCCCTGCCGTGCTGCAG AGCAGCGGCCTGTACTCCCTGAGCAGCGTGGTGACCGTGCCCAGCAGCAG CCTGGGCACCCAGACCTACATCTGCAACGTGAACCACAAGCCCTCCAACA CCAAGGTGGACAAGAAGGTGGAGCCTAAGAGCTGCGACAAGACCCACACC TGCCCTCCCTGCCCCGCCCCCGAGCTGCTGGGCGGACCCAGCGTGTTCCT GTTCCCTCCCAAGCCCAAGGACACCCTGATGATCAGCCGCACCCCCGAGG TGACCTGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACGAGGACCCCGAGGTGAAGTTC AACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCACAACGCCAAGACCAAGCCTCG GGAGGAGCAGTACAACTCCACCTACCGCGTGGTGAGCGTGCTGACCGTGC TGCACCAGGACTGGCTGAACGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCAAGGTGAGCAAC AAGGCCCTGCCCGCTCCCATCGAGAAGACCATCAGCAAGGCCAAGGGCCA GCCCCGGGAGCCTCAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCCAGCCGCGACGAGCTGA CCAAGAACCAGGTGAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTGAAGGGCTTCTACCCCTCC GACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAACGGCCAGCCTGAGAACAACTACAA GACCACCCCTCCCGTGCTGGACAGCGACGGCAGCTTCTTCCTGTACAGCA AGCTGACCGTGGACAAGTCCCGGTGGCAGCAGGGCAACGTGTTCAGCTGC AGCGTGATGCACGAGGCCCTGCACAACCACTACACCCAGAAGAGCCTGAG CCTGAGCCCCGGATAG

[0098] The DNA sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 14 is shown below:

TABLE-US-00005 ATGGAGACCGACACCCTGCTGCTCTGGGTGCTGCTGCTCTGGGTGCCCGG CTCCACCGGAGACGTCGTGATGACCCAGACCCCTCTGTCCCTGCCTGTGT CTCTGGGCGACCAGGCCTCCATCTCCTGCCGGTCTAGACAGTCCCTCGTG AACTCCAACGGCAACACCTTCCTGCAGTGGTATCTGCAGAAGCCCGGCCA GTCCCCCAAGCTGCTGATCTACAAGGTGTCCCTGCGGTTCTCCGGCGTGC CCGACAGATTTTCCGGCTCTGGCTCTGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGAAGATC TCCCGGGTGGAAGCCGAGGACCTGGGCCTGTACTTCTGCAGCCAGTCCAC CCACGTGCCCCCTACATTTGGCGGAGGCACCAAGCTGGAAATCAAACGGG CAGATGCTGCACCAACTGTATCCATCTTCCCACCATCCAGTGAGCAGTTA ACATCTGGAGGTGCCTCAGTCGTGTGCTTCTTGAACAACTTCTACCCCAA AGACATCAATGTCAAGTGGAAGATTGATGGCAGTGAACGACAAAATGGCG TCCTGAACAGTTGGACTGATCAGGACAGCAAAGACAGCACCTACAGCATG AGCAGCACCCTCACGTTGACCAAGGACGAGTATGAACGACATAACAGCTA TACCTGTGAGGCCACTCACAAGACATCAACTTCACCCATTGTCAAGAGCT TCAACAGGAATGAGTGTTGA

[0099] The DNA sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 15 is shown below:

TABLE-US-00006 ATGGAGACCGACACCCTGCTGCTCTGGGTGCTGCTGCTCTGGGTGCCCGG CTCCACCGGAGACGTCGTGATGACCCAGACCCCTCTGTCCCTGCCTGTGT CTCTGGGCGACCAGGCCTCCATCTCCTGCCGGTCTAGACAGTCCCTCGTG AACTCCAACGGCAACACCTTCCTGCAGTGGTATCTGCAGAAGCCCGGCCA GTCCCCCAAGCTGCTGATCTACAAGGTGTCCCTGCGGTTCTCCGGCGTGC CCGACAGATTTTCCGGCTCTGGCTCTGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGAAGATC TCCCGGGTGGAAGCCGAGGACCTGGGCCTGTACTTCTGCAGCCAGTCCAC CCACGTGCCCCCTACATTTGGCGGAGGCACCAAGCTGGAAATCAAGCGGA CCGTGGCCGCCCCCAGCGTGTTCATCTTCCCTCCCAGCGACGAGCAGCTG AAGTCTGGCACCGCCAGCGTGGTGTGCCTGCTGAACAACTTCTACCCCCG CGAGGCCAAGGTGCAGTGGAAGGTGGACAACGCCCTGCAGAGCGGCAACA GCCAGGAGAGCGTGACCGAGCAGGACTCCAAGGACAGCACCTACAGCCTG AGCAGCACCCTGACCCTGAGCAAGGCCGACTACGAGAAGCACAAGGTGTA CGCCTGCGAGGTGACCCACCAGGGACTGTCTAGCCCCGTGACCAAGAGCT TCAACCGGGGCGAGTGCTAA

[0100] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 16 is shown below:

TABLE-US-00007 MDPKGSLSWRILLFLSLAFELSYGQVQLLQPGAELVKPGASVKLACKASG YLFTTYWMHWLKQRPGQGLEWIGEISPINGRAYYNARFKSEATLTVDKSS NTAYMQLSSLTSEASAVYYCARAYGNYEFAYWGQGTLVTVSVAKTTPPSV YPLAPGCGDTTGSSVTLGCLVKGYFPESVTVTWNSGSLSSSVHTFPALLQ SGLYTMSSSVTVPSSTWPSQTVICSVAHPASSTTVDKKLEPSGPISTINP CPPCKECHKCPAPNLEGGPSVFIFPPNIKDVLMISLTPKVTCVVVDVSED DPDVQISWFVNNVEVHTAQTQTHREDYNSTIRVVSTLPIQHQDWMSGKEF KCKVNNKDLPSPIERTISKIKGLVRAPQVYILPPPAEQLSRKDVSLTCLV VGFNPGDISVEWTSNGHTEENYKDTAPVLDSDGSYFIYSKLNMKTSKWEK TDSFSCNVRHEGLKNYYLKKTISRSPG*

[0101] The alanine residue at position 123 of the above amino acid sequence may optionally be replaced with a serine residue. The tyrosine residue at position 124 of the above amino acid sequence may optionally be replaced with a phenylalanine residue. Positions 25-142 of the above amino acid sequence correspond to SEQ ID NO: 20. SEQ ID NO: 20 may optionally include the substitutions at positions 123 and 124. SEQ ID NO: 20 may optionally contain one additional lysine residue after the terminal valine residue.

[0102] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 17 is shown below:

TABLE-US-00008 MDPKGSLSWRILLFLSLAFELSYGQVQLLQPGAELVKPGASVKLACKASG YLFTTYWMHWLKQRPGQGLEWIGEISPTNGRAYYNARFKSEATLTVDKSS NTAYMQLSSLTSEASAVYYCARAYGNYEFAYVVGQGTLVTVSVASTKGPS VFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVL QSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTH TCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVK FNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVS NKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYP SDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFS CSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPG*

[0103] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 18 is shown below:

TABLE-US-00009 METDTLLLWVLLLWVPGSTGDVVMTQTPLSLPVSLGDQASISCRSRQSLV NSNGNTFLQWYLQKPGQSPKLLIYKVSLRFSGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLKI SRVEAEDLGLYFCSQSTHVPPTFGGGTKLEIKRADAAPTVSIFPPSSEQL TSGGASVVCFLNNFYPKDINVKWKIDGSERQNGVLNSWTDQDSKDSTYSM SSTLTLTKDEYERHNSYTCEATHKTSTSPIVKSFNRNEC*

[0104] Positions 21-132 of the above amino acid sequence correspond to SEQ ID NO: 21.

[0105] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 19 is shown below:

TABLE-US-00010 METDTLLLWVLLLWVPGSTGDVVMTQTPLSLPVSLGDQASISCRSRQSLV NSNGNTFLQWYLQKPGQSPKLLIYKVSLRFSGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLKI SRVEAEDLGLYFCSQSTHVPPTFGGGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQL KSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSL SSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC*

[0106] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 22 is shown below:

TABLE-US-00011 10 20 30 40 50 ASTKGPSVFP LAPCSRSTSE STAALGCLVK DYFPEPVTVS WNSGALTSGV 60 70 80 90 100 HTFPAVLQSS GLYSLSSVVT VPSSNFGTQT YTCNVDHKPS NTKVDKTVER 110 120 130 140 150 KCCVECPPCP APPVAGPSVF LFPPKPKDTL MISRTPEVTC VVVDVSHEDP 160 170 180 190 EVQFNWYVDG VEVHNAKTKP REEQFNSTFR VVSVLTVVHQ 200 210 220 230 240 DWLNGKEYKC KVSNKGLPAP IEKTISKTKG QPREPQVYTL PPSREEMTKN 250 260 270 280 290 QVSLTCLVKG FYPSDISVEW ESNGQPENNY KTTPPMLDSD GSFFLYSKLT 300 310 320 VDKSRWQQGN VFSCSVMHEA LHNHYTQKSL SLSPGK

[0107] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 23 is SYTMGVS.

[0108] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 24 is

TABLE-US-00012 TISSGGGSTYYPDSVKG.

[0109] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 25 is

TABLE-US-00013 QGGWLPPFAX,

where X may be any naturally occurring amino acid.

[0110] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 26 is

TABLE-US-00014 RASKSVSTSSRGYSYMH.

[0111] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 27 is

TABLE-US-00015 LVSNLES.

[0112] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 28 is

TABLE-US-00016 QHIRELTRS.

[0113] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 29 is

TABLE-US-00017 MDPKGSLSWRILLFLSLAFELSYGQVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASG YLFTTYWMHWVRQAPGQGLEWMGEISPTNGRAYYNQKFQGRVTMTVDKST NTVYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARAYGNYFAYWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVF PLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQS SGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTC PPCPPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNW YVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKA LPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIA VEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVM HEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPG.

[0114] The DNA sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 30 is

TABLE-US-00018 ATGGACCCCAAGGGCAGCCTGAGCTGGAGAATCCTGCTGTTCCTGAGCCT GGCCTTCGAGCTGAGCTACGGCCAGGTGCAGCTGGTGCAGTCTGGCGCCG AAGTGAAGAAACCTGGCGCCTCCGTGAGGTGTCCTGCAAGGCTTCCGGCT ACCTGTTCACCACCTACTGGATGCACTGGGTGCGACAGGCCCCTGGACAG GGCCTGGAATGGATGGGCGAGATCTCCCCTACCAACGGCAGAGCCTACTA CAACAGAAATTCCAGGGCAGAGTGACCATGACCGTGGACAAGTCCACCAA CACCGTGTACATGGAACTGTCCTCCCTGCGGAGCGAGGACACCGCCGTGT ACTACTGCGCTAGAGCCTACGGCAACTACGATTCGCCTACTGGGGCCAGG GCACCCTCGTGACAGTGTCCTCTGCTAGCACCAAGGGCCCCAGCGTGTTC CCTCTGGCCCCCAGCAGCAAGAGCACCAGCGGCGGAACCGCCGCCCTGGG CTGCCTGGGAAGGACTACTTCCCCGAGCCCGTGACCGTGTCCTGGAACAG CGGCGCTCTGACCAGCGGAGTGCACACCTTCCCTGCCGTGCTGCAGAGCA GCGGCCTGTACTCCCTGAGCAGCGTGGTGACCGTGCCAGCAGCAGCCTGG GCACCCAGACCTACATCTGCAACGTGAACCACAAGCCCTCCAACACCAAG GTGGACAAGAAGGTGGAGCCTAAGAGCTGCGACAAGACCCACACCTGCCC TCCCTGCCCCGCCCCGAGCTGCTGGGCGGACCCAGCGTGTTCCTGTTCCC TCCCAAGCCCAAGGACACCCTGATGATCAGCCGCACCCCCGAGGTGACCT GCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACGAGGACCCCGAGGTGAGTTCAACTGGT ACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCACAACGCCAAGACCAAGCCTCGGGAGGAG CAGTACAACTCCACCTACCGCGTGGTGAGCGTGCTGACCGTGCTGCACCA GGACTGGCTGAACGGCAGGAGTACAAGTGCAAGGTGAGCAACAAGGCCCT GCCCGCTCCCATCGAGAAGACCATCAGCAAGGCCAAGGGCCAGCCCCGGG AGCCTCAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCCAGCCGCGACGAGCTGACAAGAACC AGGTGAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTGAAGGGCTTCTACCCCTCCGACATCGCC GTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAACGGCCAGCCTGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACCCC TCCCGTGCTGGACAGCGACGCAGCTTCTTCCTGTACAGCAAGCTGACCGT GGACAAGTCCCGGTGGCAGCAGGGCAACGTGTTCAGCTGCAGCGTGATGC ACGAGGCCCTGCACAACCACTACACCCAGAAGAGCCTGAGCCTGAGCCCG GATAGTAA.

[0115] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 31 is

TABLE-US-00019 MDPKGSLSWRILLFLSLAFELSYGQVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASG YLFTTYWMHWVRQAPGQGLEWMGEISPINGRAYYNAKFQGRVTMTVDKST NTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARAYGNYFAYWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVF PLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQS SGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTC PPCPPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNW YVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKA LPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIA VEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVM HEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPG.

[0116] The DNA sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 32 is

TABLE-US-00020 ATGGACCCCAAGGGCAGCCTGAGCTGGAGAATCCTGCTGTTCCTGAGCCT GGCCTTCGAGCTGAGCTACGGCCAGGTGCAGCTGGTGCAGTCTGGCGCCG AAGTGAAGAAACCTGGCGCCTCCGTGAGGTGTCCTGCAAGGCTTCCGGCT ACCTGTTCACCACCTACTGGATGCACTGGGTGCGACAGGCCCCTGGACAG GGCCTGGAATGGATGGGCGAGATCTCCCCTACCAACGGCAGAGCCTACTA CAACCAAAATTCCAGGGCAGAGTGACCATGACCGTGGACAAGTCCACCAA CACCGCTTACATGGAACTGTCCTCCCTGCGGAGCGAGGACACCGCCGTGT ACTACTGCGCTAGAGCCTACGGCAACTACGATTCGCCTACTGGGGCCAGG GCACCCTCGTGACAGTGTCCTCTGCTAGCACCAAGGGCCCCAGCGTGTTC CCTCTGGCCCCCAGCAGCAAGAGCACCAGCGGCGGAACCGCCGCCCTGGG CTGCCTGGGAAGGACTACTTCCCCGAGCCCGTGACCGTGTCCTGGAACAG CGGCGCTCTGACCAGCGGAGTGCACACCTTCCCTGCCGTGCTGCAGAGCA GCGGCCTGTACTCCCTGAGCAGCGTGGTGACCGTGCCAGCAGCAGCCTGG GCACCCAGACCTACATCTGCAACGTGAACCACAAGCCCTCCAACACCAAG GTGGACAAGAAGGTGGAGCCTAAGAGCTGCGACAAGACCCACACCTGCCC TCCCTGCCCCGCCCCGAGCTGCTGGGCGGACCCAGCGTGTTCCTGTTCCC TCCCAAGCCCAAGGACACCCTGATGATCAGCCGCACCCCCGAGGTGACCT GCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACGAGGACCCCGAGGTGAGTTCAACTGGT ACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCACAACGCCAAGACCAAGCCTCGGGAGGAG CAGTACAACTCCACCTACCGCGTGGTGAGCGTGCTGACCGTGCTGCACCA GGACTGGCTGAACGGCAGGAGTACAAGTGCAAGGTGAGCAACAAGGCCCT GCCCGCTCCCATCGAGAAGACCATCAGCAAGGCCAAGGGCCAGCCCCGGG AGCCTCAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCCAGCCGCGACGAGCTGACAAGAACC AGGTGAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTGAAGGGCTTCTACCCCTCCGACATCGCC GTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAACGGCCAGCCTGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACCCC TCCCGTGCTGGACAGCGACGCAGCTTCTTCCTGTACAGCAAGCTGACCGT GGACAAGTCCCGGTGGCAGCAGGGCAACGTGTTCAGCTGCAGCGTGATGC ACGAGGCCCTGCACAACCACTACACCCAGAAGAGCCTGAGCCTGAGCCCG GATAGTAA.

[0117] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 33 is

TABLE-US-00021 MDPKGSLSWRILLFLSLAFELSYGQVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASG YLFTTYWMHWVRQAPGQGLEWMGEISPTNGRAYYNAKFQGRVTMTVDKSI NTAYMELSRLRSDDTAVYYCARAYGNYFAYWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVF PLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQS SGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTC PPCPPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNW YVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKA LPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIA VEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVM HEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPG.

[0118] The DNA sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 34 is

TABLE-US-00022 ATGGACCCCAAGGGCAGCCTGAGCTGGAGAATCCTGCTGTTCCTGAGCCT GGCCTTCGAGCTGAGCTACGGCCAGGTGCAGCTGGTGCAGTCTGGCGCCG AAGTGAAGAAACCTGGCGCCTCCGTGAGGTGTCCTGCAAGGCTTCCGGCT ACCTGTTCACCACCTACTGGATGCACTGGGTGCGACAGGCCCCTGGACAG GGCCTGGAATGGATGGGCGAGATCTCCCCTACCAACGGCAGAGCCTACTA CAACCAAAATTCCAGGGCAGAGTGACCATGACCGTGGACAAGTCCATCAA CACCGCTTACATGGAACTGTCCAGACTGCGGAGCGATGACACCGCCGTGT ACTACTGCGCTAGAGCCTACGGCAACTACGATTCGCCTACTGGGGCCAGG GCACCCTCGTGACAGTGTCCTCTGCTAGCACCAAGGGCCCCAGCGTGTTC CCTCTGGCCCCCAGCAGCAAGAGCACCAGCGGCGGAACCGCCGCCCTGGG CTGCCTGGGAAGGACTACTICCCCGAGCCCGTGACCGTGTCCTGGAACAG CGGCGCTCTGACCAGCGGAGTGCACACCTTCCCTGCCGTGCTGCAGAGCA GCGGCCTGTACTCCCTGAGCAGCGTGGTGACCGTGCCAGCAGCAGCCTGG GCACCCAGACCTACATCTGCAACGTGAACCACAAGCCCTCCAACACCAAG GTGGACAAGAAGGTGGAGCCTAAGAGCTGCGACAAGACCCACACCTGCCC TCCCTGCCCCGCCCCGAGCTGCTGGGCGGACCCAGCGTGTTCCTGTTCCC TCCCAAGCCCAAGGACACCCTGATGATCAGCCGCACCCCCGAGGTGACCT GCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACGAGGACCCCGAGGTGAGTTCAACTGGT ACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCACAACGCCAAGACCAAGCCTCGGGAGGAG CAGTACAACTCCACCTACCGCGTGGTGAGCGTGCTGACCGTGCTGCACCA GGACTGGCTGAACGGCAGGAGTACAAGTGCAAGGTGAGCAACAAGGCCCT GCCCGCTCCCATCGAGAAGACCATCAGCAAGGCCAAGGGCCAGCCCCGGG AGCCTCAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCCAGCCGCGACGAGCTGACAAGAACC AGGTGAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTGAAGGGCTTCTACCCCTCCGACATCGCC GTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAACGGCCAGCCTGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACCCC TCCCGTGCTGGACAGCGACGCAGCTTCTTCCTGTACAGCAAGCTGACCGT GGACAAGTCCCGGTGGCAGCAGGGCAACGTGTTCAGCTGCAGCGTGATGC ACGAGGCCCTGCACAACCACTACACCCAGAAGAGCCTGAGCCTGAGCCCG GATAGTAA.

[0119] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 35 is

TABLE-US-00023 METDTLLLWVLLLWVPGSTGDVVMTQSPLSLPVTLGQPASISCRSSQSLV NSNGNTFLQWYQQRPGQSPRLLIYKVSLRFSGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLKI SRVEAEDVGVYYCSQSTHVPPTFGGGTVEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLK SGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLS STLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC.

[0120] The DNA sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 36 is

TABLE-US-00024 ATGGAGACCGACACCCTGCTGCTCTGGGTGCTGCTGCTCTGGGTGCCCGG CTCCACCGGAGACGTCGTGATGACCCAGTCCCCTCTGTCCCTGCCTGTGA CCCTGGGACAGCCTGCCTCCATCTCCTCAGATCCTCCCAGTCCCTCGTGA ACTCCAACGGCAACACCTTCCTGCAGTGGTATCAGCAGCGGCCTGGCCAG AGCCCCAGACTGCTGATCTACAAGGTGTCCCTGCGGTTCTCCGGCGTGCC CGACGATTTTCCGGCTCTGGCTCTGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGAAGATCTC CCGGGTGGAAGCCGAGGACGTGGGCGTGTACTACTGCTCCCAGAGCACCC ACGTGCCCCCTACATTTGGCGGAGGCACCAAGTGGAAATCAAGCGGACCG TGGCCGCCCCCAGCGTGTTCATCTTCCCTCCCAGCGACGAGCAGCTGAAG TCTGGCACCGCCAGCGTGGTGTGCCTGCTGAACAACTTCTACCCCCGCGA GGCCAAGGGCAGTGGAAGGTGGACAACGCCCTGCAGAGCGGCAACAGCCA GGAGAGCGTGACCGAGCAGGACTCCAAGGACAGCACCTACAGCCTGAGCA GCACCCTGACCCTGAGCAAGGCCGACTACGAGAAGACAAGGTGTACGCCT GCGAGGTGACCCACCAGGGACTGTCTAGCCCCGTGACCAAGAGCTTCAAC CGGGGCGAGTGCTAA.

[0121] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 37 is

TABLE-US-00025 METDTLLLWVLLLWVPGSTGDVVMTQSPLSLPVTLGQPASISCRSRQSLV NSNGNTFLQWYQQRPGQSPRLLIYKVSLRFSGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLKI SRVEAEDVGVYYCSQSTHVPPTFGGGTVEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLK SGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLS STLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC.

[0122] The DNA sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 38 is

TABLE-US-00026 ATGGAGACCGACACCCTGCTGCTCTGGGTGCTGCTGCTCTGGGTGCCCGG CTCCACCGGAGACGTCGTGATGACCCAGTCCCCTCTGTCCCTGCCTGTGA CCCTGGGACAGCCTGCCTCCATCTCCTCAGATCCAGGCAGTCCCTCGTGA ACTCCAACGGCAACACCTTCCTGCAGTGGTATCAGCAGCGGCCTGGCCAG AGCCCCAGACTGCTGATCTACAAGGTGTCCCTGCGGTTCTCCGGCGTGCC CGACGATTTTCCGGCTCTGGCTCTGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGAAGATCTC CCGGGTGGAAGCCGAGGACGTGGGCGTGTACTACTGCTCCCAGAGCACCC ACGTGCCCCCTACATTTGGCGGAGGCACCAAGTGGAAATCAAGCGGACCG TGGCCGCCCCCAGCGTGTTCATCTTCCCTCCCAGCGACGAGCAGCTGAAG TCTGGCACCGCCAGCGTGGTGTGCCTGCTGAACAACTTCTACCCCCGCGA GGCCAAGGGCAGTGGAAGGTGGACAACGCCCTGCAGAGCGGCAACAGCCA GGAGAGCGTGACCGAGCAGGACTCCAAGGACAGCACCTACAGCCTGAGCA GCACCCTGACCCTGAGCAAGGCCGACTACGAGAAGACAAGGTGTACGCCT GCGAGGTGACCCACCAGGGACTGTCTAGCCCCGTGACCAAGAGCTTCAAC CGGGGCGAGTGCTAA.

[0123] The one-letter amino acid sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 39 is

TABLE-US-00027 METDTLLLWVLLLWVPGSTGDVVMTQSPLSSPVTLGQPASISCRSSQSLV NSNGNTFLQWYHQRPGQPPRLLIYKVSLRFSGVPDRFSGSGAGKDFTLKI SRVEAEDVGVYYCSQSTHVPPTFGQGTLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLK SGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLS STLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC.

[0124] The DNA sequence that corresponds to SEQ ID NO: 40 is

TABLE-US-00028 ATGGAGACCGACACCCTGCTGCTCTGGGTGCTGCTGCTCTGGGTGCCCGG CTCCACCGGAGACGTCGTGATGACCCAGTCCCCTCTGTCCAGTCCTGTGA CCCTGGGACAGCCTGCCTCCATCTCCTCAGATCCTCCCAGTCCCTCGTGA ACTCCAACGGCAACACCTTCCTGCAGTGGTATCACCAGCGGCCTGGCCAG CCTCCCAGACTGCTGATCTACAAGGTGTCCCTGCGGTTCTCCGGCGTGCC CGACGATTTTCCGGCTCTGGCGCTGGCAAGGACTTCACCCTGAAGATCTC CCGGGTGGAAGCCGAGGACGTGGGCGTGTACTACTGCTCCCAGAGCACCC ACGTGCCCCCTACATTMGCCAGGGCACCAACTGGAAATCAAGCGGACCGT GGCCGCCCCCAGCGTGTTCATCTTCCCTCCCAGCGACGAGCAGCTGAAGT CTGGCACCGCCAGCGTGGTGTGCCTGCTGAACAACTTCTACCCCCGCGAG GCCAAGGGCAGTGGAAGGTGGACAACGCCCTGCAGAGCGGCAACAGCCAG GAGAGCGTGACCGAGCAGGACTCCAAGGACAGCACCTACAGCCTGAGCAG CACCCTGACCCTGAGCAAGGCCGACTACGAGAAGACAAGGTGTACGCCTG CGAGGTGACCCACCAGGGACTGTCTAGCCCCGTGACCAAGAGCTTCAACC GGGGCGAGTGCTAA.

EXAMPLES

Example 1: In Vivo Study of the Administration of Anti-Glycation End-Product Antibody

[0125] To examine the effects of an anti-glycation end-product antibody, the antibody was administered to the aged CD1(ICR) mouse (Charles River Laboratories), twice daily by intravenous injection, once a week, for three weeks (Days 1, 8 and 15), followed by a 10 week treatment-free period. The test antibody was a commercially available mouse anti-glycation end-product antibody raised against carboxymethyl lysine conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin, the carboxymethyl lysine MAb (Clone 318003) available from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, Minn.; catalog no. MAB3247). A control reference of physiological saline was used in the control animals.

[0126] Mice referred to as "young" were 8 weeks old, while mice referred to as "old" were 88 weeks (.+-.2 days) old. No adverse events were noted from the administration of the antibody. The different groups of animals used in the study are shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 1 The different groups of animals used in the study Number of Animals Dose Level Main Treatment- Group Test (.mu.g/gm/ Study Free No. Material Mice BID/ week) Females Females 1 Saline young 0 20 -- 2 Saline old 0 20 20 3 Antibody old 2.5 20 20 4 None old 0 20 pre 5 Antibody old 5.0 20 20 -- = Not Applicable, Pre = Subset of animals euthanized prior to treatment start for collection of adipose tissue.

[0127] P16.sup.lnk4a mRNA, a marker for senescent cells, was quantified in adipose tissue of the groups by Real Time-qPCR. The results are shown in Table 2. In the table .DELTA..DELTA.Ct=.DELTA.Ct mean control Group (2)-.DELTA.Ct mean experimental Group (1 or 3 or 5); Fold Expression=2.sup.-.DELTA..DELTA.Ct.

TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 2 P16.sup.INK4a mRNA quantified in adipose tissue Group 2 vs Group 2 vs Group 2 vs Calculation Group 1 Group 3 Group 5 (unadjusted Group Group Group Group Group Group to Group 4: 5.59) 2 1 2 3 2 5 Mean .DELTA.Ct 5.79 7.14 5.79 6.09 5.79 7.39 .DELTA..DELTA.Ct -1.35 -0.30 -1.60 Fold Expression 2.55 1.23 3.03

[0128] The table above indicates that untreated old mice (Control Group 2) express 2.55-fold more p16.sup.lnk4a mRNA than the untreated young mice (Control Group 1), as expected. This was observed when comparing Group 2 untreated old mice euthanized at end of recovery Day 85 to Group 1 untreated young mice euthanized at end of treatment Day 22. When results from Group 2 untreated old mice were compared to results from Group 3 treated old mice euthanized Day 85, it was observed that p16.sup.lnk4a mRNA was 1.23-fold higher in Group 2 than in Group 3. Therefore, the level of p16.sup.lnk4a mRNA expression was lower when the old mice were treated with 2.5 .mu.g/gram/BID/week of antibody.

[0129] When results from Group 2 (Control) untreated old mice were compared to results from Group 5 (5 .mu.g/gram) treated old mice euthanized Day 22, it was observed that p16.sup.lnk4a mRNA was 3.03-fold higher in Group 2 (controls) than in Group 5 (5 .mu.g/gram). This comparison indicated that the Group 5 animals had lower levels of p16.sup.lnk4a mRNA expression when they were treated with 5.0 .mu.g/gram/BID/week, providing p16.sup.lnk4a mRNA expression levels comparable to that of the young untreated mice (i.e. Group 1). Unlike Group 3 (2.5 .mu.g/gram) mice that were euthanized at end of recovery Day 85, Group 5 mice were euthanized at end of treatment Day 22.

[0130] These results indicate the antibody administration resulted in the killing of senescent cells.

[0131] The mass of the gastrocnemius muscle was also measured, to determine the effect of antibody administration on sarcopenia. The results are provided in Table 3. The results indicate that administration of the antibody increased muscle mass as compared to controls, but only at the higher dosage of 5.0 .mu.g/gm/BID/week.

TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 3 Effect of antibody administration on mass of the gastrocnemius muscle Weight relative Absolute weight to body mass of Summary of Gastrocnemius Gastrocnemius Group Information Muscle Muscle 1 Mean 0.3291 1.1037 SD 0.0412 0.1473 N 20 20 2 Mean 0.3304 0.7671 SD 0.0371 0.1246 N 20 20 3 Mean 0.3410 0.7706 SD 0.0439 0.0971 N 19 19 5 Mean 0.4074 0.9480 SD 0.0508 0.2049 N 9 9

[0132] These results demonstrate that administration of antibodies that bind to AGEs of a cell resulted in a reduction of cells expressing p16.sup.lnk4a, a biomarker of senescence. The data show that reducing senescent cells leads directly to an increase in muscle mass in aged mice. These results indicate that the loss of muscle mass, a classic sign of sarcopenia, can be treated by administration of antibodies that bind to AGEs of a cell. Furthermore, the results show that the administration of an anti-AGE antibody prevents weight loss, which indicates that administration of the antibodies would be effective in treating cachexia.

Example 2: Affinity and Kinetics of Test Antibody

[0133] The affinity and kinetics of the test antibody used in Example 1 were analyzed using N.alpha.,N.alpha.-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-lysine trifluoroacetate salt (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) as a model substrate for an AGE-modified protein of a cell. Label-free interaction analysis was carried out on a BIACORE.TM. T200 (GE Healthcare, Pittsburgh, Pa.), using a Series S sensor chip CM5 (GE Healthcare, Pittsburgh, Pa.), with Fc1 set as blank, and Fc2 immodilized with the test antibody (molecular weigh of 150,000 Da). The running buffer was a HBS-EP buffer (10 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 3 mM EDTA and 0.05% P-20, pH of 7.4), at a temperature of 25.degree. C. Software was BIACORE.TM. T200 evaluation software, version 2.0. A double reference (Fc2-1 and only buffer injection), was used in the analysis, and the data was fitted to a Langmuir 1:1 binding model.

TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 4 Experimental set-up of affinity and kinetics analysis Association and dissociation Flow path Fc1 and Fc2 Flow rate (.mu.l/min.) 30 Association time (s) 300 Dissociation time (s) 300 Sample concentration (.mu.M) 20 - 5 - 1.25 (.times.2) - 0.3125 - 0.078 - 0

[0134] A graph of the response versus time is illustrated in FIG. 1. The following values were determined from the analysis: k.sub.a (1/Ms)=1.857.times.10.sup.3; k.sub.d (1/s)=6.781.times.10.sup.-3; K.sub.D (M)=3.651.times.10.sup.-6; R.sub.max (RU)=19.52; and Chi.sup.2=0.114. Because the Chi.sup.2 value of the fitting is less than 10% of R.sub.max, the fit is reliable.

Example 3: Construction and Production of Murine Anti-AGE IgG2b Antibody and Chimeric Anti-AGE IgG1 Antibody

[0135] Murine and chimeric human anti-AGE antibodies were prepared. The DNA sequence of murine anti-AGE antibody IgG2b heavy chain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 12. The DNA sequence of chimeric human anti-AGE antibody IgG1 heavy chain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 13. The DNA sequence of murine anti-AGE antibody kappa light chain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 14. The DNA sequence of chimeric human anti-AGE antibody kappa light chain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 15. The gene sequences were synthesized and cloned into high expression mammalian vectors. The sequences were codon optimized. Completed constructs were sequence confirmed before proceeding to transfection.

[0136] HEK293 cells were seeded in a shake flask one day before transfection, and were grown using serum-free chemically defined media. The DNA expression constructs were transiently transfected into 0.03 liters of suspension HEK293 cells. After 20 hours, cells were sampled to obtain the viabilities and viable cell counts, and titers were measured (Octet QKe, ForteBio). Additional readings were taken throughout the transient transfection production runs. The cultures were harvested on day 5, and an additional sample for each was measured for cell density, viability and titer.

[0137] The conditioned media for murine and chimeric anti-AGE antibodies were harvested and clarified from the transient transfection production runs by centrifugation and filtration. The supernatants were run over a Protein A column and eluted with a low pH buffer. Filtration using a 0.2 .mu.m membrane filter was performed before aliquoting. After purification and filtration, the protein concentrations were calculated from the OD280 and the extinction coefficient. A summary of yields and aliquots is shown in Table 5:

TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 5 Yields and aliquots No. Total Concentration Volume of Yield Protein (mg/mL) (mL) vials (mg) Murine anti-AGE 0.08 1.00 3 0.24 Chimeric anti-AGE 0.23 1.00 3 0.69

[0138] Antibody purity was evaluated by capillary electrophoresis sodium-dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS) analysis using LabChip.RTM. GXII, (PerkinElmer).

Example 4: Binding of Murine (Parental) and Chimeric Anti-AGE Antibodies

[0139] The binding of the murine (parental) and chimeric anti-AGE antibodies described in Example 3 was investigated by a direct binding ELISA. An anti-carboxymethyl lysine (CML) antibody (R&D Systems, MAB3247) was used as a control. CML was conjugated to KLH (CML-KLH) and both CML and CML-KLH were coated overnight onto an ELISA plate. HRP-goat anti-mouse Fc was used to detect the control and murine (parental) anti-AGE antibodies. HRP-goat anti-human Fc was used to detect the chimeric anti-AGE antibody.

[0140] The antigens were diluted to 1 .mu.g/mL in 1.times. phosphate buffer at pH 6.5. A 96-well microtiter ELISA plate was coated with 100 .mu.L/well of the diluted antigen and let sit at 4.degree. C. overnight. The plate was blocked with 1.times.PBS, 2.5% BSA and allowed to sit for 1-2 hours the next morning at room temperature. The antibody samples were prepared in serial dilutions with 1.times.PBS, 1% BSA with the starting concentration of 50 .mu.g/mL. Secondary antibodies were diluted 1:5,000. 100 .mu.L of the antibody dilutions was applied to each well. The plate was incubated at room temperature for 0.5-1 hour on a microplate shaker. The plate was washed 3 times with 1.times.PBS. 100 .mu.L/well diluted HRP-conjugated goat anti-human Fc secondary antibody was applied to the wells. The plate was incubated for 1 hour on a microplate shaker. The plate was then washed 3 times with 1.times.PBS. 100 .mu.L HRP substrate TMB was added to each well to develop the plate. After 3-5 minutes elapsed, the reaction was terminated by adding 100 .mu.L of 1N HCl. A second direct binding ELISA was performed with only CML coating. The absorbance at OD450 was read using a microplate reader.

[0141] The OD450 absorbance raw data for the CML and CML-KLH ELISA is shown in the plate map below. 48 of the 96 wells in the well plate were used. Blank wells in the plate map indicate unused wells.

[0142] Plate map of CML and CML-KLH ELISA:

TABLE-US-00034 Conc. (.mu.g/mL) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 50 0.462 0.092 0.42 1.199 0.142 1.852 16.67 0.312 0.067 0.185 0.31 0.13 0.383 5.56 0.165 0.063 0.123 0.19 0.115 0.425 1.85 0.092 0.063 0.088 0.146 0.099 0.414 0.62 0.083 0.072 0.066 0.108 0.085 0.248 0.21 0.075 0.066 0.09 0.096 0.096 0.12 0.07 0.086 0.086 0.082 0.098 0.096 0.098 0 0.09 0.085 0.12 0.111 0.083 0.582 R & D Parental Chimeric R & D Parental Chimeric Positive Anti-AGE Anti-AGE Positive Anti-AGE Anti-AGE Control Control CML-KLH Coat CML Coat

[0143] The OD450 absorbance raw data for the CML-only ELISA is shown in the plate map below. 24 of the 96 wells in the well plate were used. Blank wells in the plate map indicate unused wells.

[0144] Plate map of CML-only ELISA:

TABLE-US-00035 Conc. (.mu.g/mL) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 50 1.913 0.165 0.992 16.66667 1.113 0.226 0.541 5.555556 0.549 0.166 0.356 1.851852 0.199 0.078 0.248 0.617284 0.128 0.103 0.159 0.205761 0.116 0.056 0.097 0.068587 0.073 0.055 0.071 0 0.053 0.057 0.06 R & D Parental Chimeric Positive Anti- Anti- Control AGE AGE

[0145] The control and chimeric anti-AGE antibodies showed binding to both CML and CML-KLH. The murine (parental) anti-AGE antibody showed very weak to no binding to either CML or CML-KLH. Data from repeated ELISA confirms binding of the control and chimeric anti-AGE to CML. All buffer control showed negative signal.

Example 5: Humanized Antibodies

[0146] Humanized antibodies were designed by creating multiple hybrid sequences that fuse select parts of the parental (mouse) antibody sequence with the human framework sequences. Acceptor frameworks were identified based on the overall sequence identity across the framework, matching interface position, similarly classed CDR canonical positions, and presence of N-glycosylation sites that would have to be removed. Three humanized light chains and three humanized heavy chains were designed based on two different heavy and light chain human acceptor frameworks. The amino acid sequences of the heavy chains are shown in SEQ ID NO: 29, 31 and 33, which are encoded by the DNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 30, 32 and 34, respectively. The amino acid sequences of the light chains are shown in SEQ ID NO: 35, 37 and 39, which are encoded by the DNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 36, 38 and 40, respectively. The humanized sequences were methodically analyzed by eye and computer modeling to isolate the sequences that would most likely retain antigen binding. The goal was to maximize the amount of human sequence in the final humanized antibodies while retaining the original antibody specificity. The light and heavy humanized chains could be combined to create nine variant fully humanized antibodies.

[0147] The three heavy chains and three light chains were analyzed to determine their humanness. Antibody humanness scores were calculated according to the method described in Gao, S. H., et al., "Monoclonal antibody humanness score and its applications", BMC Biotechnology, 13:55 (Jul. 5, 2013). The humanness score represents how human-like an antibody variable region sequence looks. For heavy chains a score of 79 or above is indicative of looking human-like; for light chains a score of 86 or above is indicative of looking human-like. The humanness of the three heavy chains, three light chains, a parental (mouse) heavy chain and a parental (mouse) light chain are shown below in Table 6:

TABLE-US-00036 TABLE 6 Antibody humanness Humanness Antibody (Framework + CDR) Parental (mouse) heavy chain 63.60 Heavy chain 1 (SEQ ID NO: 29) 82.20 Heavy chain 2 (SEQ ID NO: 31) 80.76 Heavy chain 3 (SEQ ID NO: 33) 81.10 Parental (mouse) light chain 77.87 Light chain 1 (SEQ ID NO: 35) 86.74 Light chain 2 (SEQ ID NO: 37) 86.04 Light chain 3 (SEQ IN NO: 39) 83.57

[0148] Full-length antibody genes were constructed by first synthesizing the variable region sequences. The sequences were optimized for expression in mammalian cells. These variable region sequences were then cloned into expression vectors that already contain human Fc domains; for the heavy chain, the IgG1 was used.

[0149] Small scale production of humanized antibodies was carried out by transfecting plasmids for the heavy and light chains into suspension HEK293 cells using chemically defined media in the absence of serum. Whole antibodies in the conditioned media were purified using MabSelect SuRe Protein A medium (GE Healthcare).

[0150] Nine humanized antibodies were produced from each combination of the three heavy chains having the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 29, 31 and 33 and three light chains having the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 35, 37 and 39. A comparative chimeric parental antibody was also prepared. The antibodies and their respective titers are shown below in Table 7:

TABLE-US-00037 TABLE 7 Antibody titers Antibody Titer (mg/L) Chimeric parental 23.00 SEQ ID NO: 29 + SEQ ID NO: 35 24.67 SEQ ID NO: 29 + SEQ ID NO: 37 41.67 SEQ ID NO: 29 + SEQ ID NO: 39 29.67 SEQ ID NO: 31 + SEQ ID NO: 35 26.00 SEQ ID NO: 31 + SEQ ID NO: 37 27.33 SEQ ID NO: 31 + SEQ ID NO: 39 35.33 SEQ ID NO: 33 + SEQ ID NO: 35 44.00 SEQ ID NO: 33 + SEQ ID NO: 37 30.33 SEQ ID NO: 33 + SEQ ID NO: 39 37.33

[0151] The binding of the humanized antibodies may be evaluated, for example, by dose-dependent binding ELISA or cell-based binding assay.

Example 6 (Prophetic): An AGE-RNAse Containing Vaccine in a Human Subject

[0152] AGE-RNAse is prepared by incubating RNAse in a phosphate buffer solution containing 0.1-3 M glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose or ribose for 10-100 days. The AGE-RNAse solution is dialyzed and the protein content is measured. Aluminum hydroxide or aluminum phosphate, as an adjuvant, is added to 100 .mu.g of the AGE-RNAse. Formaldehyde or formalin is added as a preservative to the preparation. Ascorbic acid is added as an antioxidant. The vaccine also includes phosphate buffer to adjust the pH and glycine as a protein stabilizer. The composition is injected subcutaneously into a subject with disease-related cachexia.

Example 7 (Prophetic): Injection Regimen for an AGE-RNAse Containing Vaccine in a Human Subject

[0153] The same vaccine as described in Example 6 is injected into a subject with disease-related cachexia. The titer of antibodies to AGE-RNAse is determined by ELISA after two weeks. Additional injections are performed after three weeks and six weeks, respectively. Further titer determination is performed two weeks after each injection.

Example 8 (Prophetic): An AGE-Hemoglobin Containing Vaccine in a Human Subject

[0154] AGE-hemoglobin is prepared by incubating human hemoglobin in a phosphate buffer solution containing 0.1-3 M glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose or ribose for 10-100 days. The AGE-hemoglobin solution is dialyzed and the protein content is measured. All vaccine components are the same as in Example 6, except AGE-hemoglobin is substituted for AGE-RNAse. Administration is carried out as in Example 6, or as in Example 7.

Example 9 (Prophetic): An Age-Human Serum Albumin Containing Vaccine in a Human Subject

[0155] AGE-human serum albumin is prepared by incubating human serum albumin in a phosphate buffer solution containing 0.1-3 M glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose or ribose for 10-100 days. The AGE-human serum albumin solution is dialyzed and the protein content is measured. All vaccine components are the same as in Example 6, except AGE-human serum albumin is substituted for AGE-RNAse. Administration is carried out as in Example 6, or as in Example 7.

Example 10: Carboxymethyllysine-Modified Protein Vaccine for a Human Subject (Prophetic)

[0156] A vaccine for treating disease-related cachexia is prepared by combining a carboxymethyllysine-modified protein as an AGE antigen, aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant, formaldehyde as a preservative, ascorbic acid as an antioxidant, a phosphate buffer to adjust the pH of the vaccine and glycine as a protein stabilizer. The vaccine is injected subcutaneously into a subject with disease-related cachexia.

Example 11: Carboxyethyllysine-Modified Peptide Vaccine for a Human Subject (Prophetic)

[0157] A vaccine for treating disease-related cachexia is prepared by combining a carboxyethyllysine-modified peptide conjugated to KLH as an AGE antigen, aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant, formaldehyde as a preservative, ascorbic acid as an antioxidant, a phosphate buffer to adjust the pH of the vaccine and glycine as a protein stabilizer. The vaccine is injected subcutaneously into a subject with disease-related cachexia.

Example 12: In Vivo Study of the Administration of a Carboxymethyl Lysine Monoclonal Antibody

[0158] The effect of a carboxymethyl lysine antibody on tumor growth, metastatic potential and cachexia was investigated. In vivo studies were carried out in mice using a murine breast cancer tumor model. Female BALB/c mice (BALB/cAnNCrl, Charles River) were eleven weeks old on Day 1 of the study.

[0159] 4T1 murine breast tumor cells (ATCC CRL-2539) were cultured in RPM' 1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 mM glutamine, 25 .mu.g/mL gentamicin, 100 units/mL penicillin G Na and 100 .mu.g/mL streptomycin sulfate. Tumor cells were maintained in tissue culture flasks in a humidified incubator at 37.degree. C. in an atmosphere of 5% CO.sub.2 and 95% air.

[0160] The cultured breast cancer cells were then implanted in the mice. 4T1 cells were harvested during log phase growth and re-suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at a concentration of 1.times.10.sup.6 cells/mL on the day of implant. Tumors were initiated by subcutaneously implanting 1.times.10.sup.5 4 T1 cells (0.1 mL suspension) into the right flank of each test animal. Tumors were monitored as their volumes approached a target range of 80-120 mm.sup.3. Tumor volume was determined using the formula: tumor volume=(tumor width).sup.2(tumor length)/2. Tumor weight was approximated using the assumption that 1 mm.sup.3 of tumor volume has a weight of 1 mg. Thirteen days after implantation, designated as Day 1 of the study, mice were sorted into four groups (n=15/group) with individual tumor volumes ranging from 108 to 126 mm.sup.3 and a group mean tumor volume of 112 mm.sup.3. The four treatment groups are shown in Table 8 below:

TABLE-US-00038 TABLE 8 Treatment groups Dosing Group Description Agent (.mu.g/g) 1 Control phosphate buffered saline (PBS) N/A 2 Low-dose carboxymethyl lysine monoclonal 5 antibody 3 High-dose carboxymethyl lysine monoclonal 10 antibody 4 Observation None N/A only

[0161] An anti-carboxymethyl lysine monoclonal antibody was used as a therapeutic agent. 250 mg of carboxymethyl lysine monoclonal antibody was obtained from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, Minn.). Dosing solutions of the carboxymethyl lysine monoclonal antibody were prepared at 1 and 0.5 mg/mL in a vehicle (PBS) to provide the active dosages of 10 and 5 .mu.g/g, respectively, in a dosing volume of 10 mL/kg. Dosing solutions were stored at 4.degree. C. protected from light.

[0162] All treatments were administered intravenously (i.v.) twice daily for 21 days, except on Day 1 of the study where the mice were administered one dose. On Day 19 of the study, i.v. dosing was changed to intraperitoneal (i.p.) dosing for those animals that could not be dosed i.v. due to tail vein degradation. The dosing volume was 0.200 mL per 20 grams of body weight (10 mL/kg), and was scaled to the body weight of each individual animal.

[0163] The study continued for 23 days. Tumors were measured using calipers twice per week. Animals were weighed daily on Days 1-5, then twice per week until the completion of the study. Mice were also observed for any side effects. Acceptable toxicity was defined as a group mean body weight loss of less than 20% during the study and not more than 10% treatment-related deaths. Treatment efficacy was determined using data from the final day of the study (Day 23).

[0164] The ability of the anti-carboxymethyl lysine antibody to inhibit tumor growth was determined by comparing the median tumor volume (MTV) for Groups 1-3. Tumor volume was measured as described above. Percent tumor growth inhibition (% TGI) was defined as the difference between the MN of the control group (Group 1) and the MN of the drug-treated group, expressed as a percentage of the MTV of the control group. % TGI may be calculated according to the formula: % TGI=(1-MTV.sub.treated/MTV.sub.control).times.100.

[0165] The ability of the anti-carboxymethyl lysine antibody to inhibit cancer metastasis was determined by comparing lung cancer foci for Groups 1-3. Percent inhibition (% Inhibition) was defined as the difference between the mean count of metastatic foci of the control group and the mean count of metastatic foci of a drug-treated group, expressed as a percentage of the mean count of metastatic foci of the control group. % Inhibition may be calculated according to the following formula: % Inhibition=(1-Mean Count of Foci.sub.treated/Mean Count of Foci.sub.control).times.100.

[0166] The ability of the anti-carboxymethyl lysine antibody to inhibit cachexia was determined by comparing the weights of the lungs and gastrocnemius muscles for Groups 1-3. Tissue weights were also normalized to 100 g body weight.

[0167] Treatment efficacy was also evaluated by the incidence and magnitude of regression responses observed during the study. Treatment may cause partial regression (PR) or complete regression (CR) of the tumor in an animal. In a PR response, the tumor volume was 50% or less of its Day 1 volume for three consecutive measurements during the course of the study, and equal to or greater than 13.5 mm.sup.3 for one or more of these three measurements. In a CR response, the tumor volume was less than 13.5 mm.sup.3 for three consecutive measurements during the course of the study.

[0168] Statistical analysis was carried out using Prism (GraphPad) for Windows 6.07. Statistical analyses of the differences between Day 23 mean tumor volumes (MTVs) of two groups were accomplished using the Mann-Whitney U test. Comparisons of metastatic foci were assessed by ANOVA-Dunnett. Normalized tissue weights were compared by ANOVA. Two-tailed statistical analyses were conducted at significance level P=0.05. Results were classified as statistically significant or not statistically significant.

[0169] The results of the study are shown below in Table 9:

TABLE-US-00039 TABLE 9 Results Gastroc. Lung weight/ weight/ normal- normal- MTV % Lung % Inhi- ized ized Group (mm.sup.3) TGI foci bition PR CR (mg) (mg) 1 1800 N/A 70.4 N/A 0 0 353.4/ 2799.4/ 19.68 292.98 2 1568 13% 60.3 14% 0 0 330.4/ 2388.9/ 21.62 179.75 3 1688 6% 49.0 30% 0 0 398.6/ 2191.6/ 24.91 214.90

[0170] All treatment regimens were acceptably tolerated with no treatment-related deaths. The only animal deaths were non-treatment-related deaths due to metastasis. The % TGI was not statistically significant (P>0.05, Mann-Whitney) for the 5 .mu.g/g (Group 2) or 10 .mu.g/g treatment group (Group 3). The % Inhibition was not statistically significant (P>0.05, ANOVA-Dunnett) for the 5 .mu.g/g treatment group. The % Inhibition was statistically significant (P.ltoreq.0.01, ANOVA-Dunnett) for the 10 .mu.g/g treatment group. Although the statistical significance of the cachexia inhibition could have been greater (P>0.05, ANOVA), the results indicate that administration of an anti-carboxymethyl lysine monoclonal antibody is able to improve cancer cachexia.

Example 13: In Vivo Cancer Cachexia Study (Prophetic)

[0171] The effect of a murine monoclonal anti-AGE antibody on treating cancer cachexia is investigated. In vivo studies are carried out in mice using a murine breast cancer tumor model. Female BALB/c mice are 8-12 weeks old on Day 1 of the study. The mice are separated into four treatment groups: (1) vehicle only; (2) anti-AGE antibody at 5 .mu.g/g dose; (3) anti-AGE antibody at 10 .mu.g/g dose; and (4) observation only. The vehicle and anti-AGE antibody treatments are administered intravenously.

[0172] 4T1 murine breast tumor cells (ATCC CRL-2539) are injected into the mammary fat pad orthotopically. 1.times.10.sup.5 4 T1 tumor cells are injected at a volume of 0.1 mL into 120 mice. Tumor growth is measured with calipers. A pair match is performed when the tumors reach an average size of 80-120 mm.sup.3. Dosing begins when tumors reach 100 mm.sup.3.

[0173] Body weight is measured twice a day for the first five days, then biweekly until the end point. Tumor growth is measured biweekly until the end point. The end point occurs when 30-50 met counts are observed in the observation only group, when the mean tumor volume in the vehicle only group is 1,500 mm.sup.3 or after 25 days, whichever comes first.

[0174] Any mouse with a single observation of greater than 30% body weight loss or three consecutive measurements of greater than 25% weight loss is euthanized. Dosing is stopped in any treatment group with a mean body weight loss of greater than 20% or a mortality rate of greater than 10%. Dosing may be resumed if the mean body weight loss recovers to within 10% of the initial weights. In a treatment group with a mean body weight loss of greater than 20%, any animals that reach the body weight loss end point are euthanized. All animals are euthanized at the end point of the study.

[0175] The anti-AGE antibody will bind to metastasizing cancer cells and allow the immune system to destroy those cells. Killing and removing metastasizing cancer cells will prevent the development of cachexia. Mice that do not exhibit weight loss will be considered to have received an effective treatment for cancer cachexia.

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Sequence CWU 1

1

401463PRTArtificial sequenceModified Homo sapiens immunoglobulin G1 heavy chain 1Met Asn Leu Leu Leu Ile Leu Thr Phe Val Ala Ala Ala Val Ala Gln1 5 10 15Val Gln Leu Leu Gln Pro Gly Ala Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala Ser 20 25 30Val Lys Leu Ala Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Leu Phe Thr Thr Tyr Trp 35 40 45Met His Trp Leu Lys Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile Gly 50 55 60Glu Ile Ser Pro Thr Asn Gly Arg Ala Tyr Tyr Asn Ala Arg Phe Lys65 70 75 80Ser Glu Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Ser Asn Thr Ala Tyr Met 85 90 95Gln Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Ala Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Ala 100 105 110Arg Ala Tyr Gly Asn Tyr Glu Phe Ala Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu 115 120 125Val Thr Val Ser Val Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu 130 135 140Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys145 150 155 160Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser 165 170 175Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser 180 185 190Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser 195 200 205Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn 210 215 220Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His225 230 235 240Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val 245 250 255Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr 260 265 270Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu 275 280 285Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys 290 295 300Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser305 310 315 320Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys 325 330 335Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile 340 345 350Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro 355 360 365Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu 370 375 380Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn385 390 395 400Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser 405 410 415Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg 420 425 430Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu 435 440 445His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys 450 455 4602118PRTMus musculus 2Gln Val Gln Leu Leu Gln Pro Gly Ala Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Leu Ala Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Leu Phe Thr Thr Tyr 20 25 30Trp Met His Trp Leu Lys Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Glu Ile Ser Pro Thr Asn Gly Arg Ala Tyr Tyr Asn Ala Arg Phe 50 55 60Lys Ser Glu Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Ser Asn Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Gln Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Ala Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Ala Tyr Gly Asn Tyr Glu Phe Ala Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr 100 105 110Leu Val Thr Val Ser Val 1153234PRTArtificial sequenceModified Homo sapiens immunoglobulin G1 kappa light chain 3Met Asn Leu Leu Leu Ile Leu Thr Phe Val Ala Ala Ala Val Ala Asp1 5 10 15Val Val Met Thr Gln Thr Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Ser Leu Gly Asp 20 25 30Gln Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Arg Gln Ser Leu Val Asn Ser Asn 35 40 45Gly Asn Thr Phe Leu Gln Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro 50 55 60Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Lys Val Ser Leu Arg Phe Ser Gly Val Pro Asp65 70 75 80Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Lys Ile Ser 85 90 95Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Leu Gly Leu Tyr Phe Cys Ser Gln Ser Thr 100 105 110His Val Pro Pro Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg 115 120 125Thr Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln 130 135 140Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr145 150 155 160Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser 165 170 175Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr 180 185 190Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys 195 200 205His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro 210 215 220Val Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys225 2304113PRTMus musculus 4Asp Val Val Met Thr Gln Thr Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Ser Leu Gly1 5 10 15Asp Gln Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Arg Gln Ser Leu Val Asn Ser 20 25 30Asn Gly Asn Thr Phe Leu Gln Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser 35 40 45Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Lys Val Ser Leu Arg Phe Ser Gly Val Pro 50 55 60Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Lys Ile65 70 75 80Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Leu Gly Leu Tyr Phe Cys Ser Gln Ser 85 90 95Thr His Val Pro Pro Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys 100 105 110Arg5327PRTEquus caballus 5Ala Ser Thr Thr Ala Pro Lys Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Ser His Ser Ala1 5 10 15Ala Thr Ser Gly Ser Thr Val Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser 35 40 45Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ser Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser 50 55 60Leu Ser Ser Met Val Thr Val Pro Ala Ser Ser Leu Lys Ser Gln Thr65 70 75 80Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Ala His Pro Ala Ser Ser Thr Lys Val Asp Lys 85 90 95Lys Ile Val Ile Lys Glu Cys Asn Gly Gly Cys Pro Ala Glu Cys Leu 100 105 110Gln Val Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Val 115 120 125Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Thr Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val 130 135 140Gly His Asp Phe Pro Asp Val Gln Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val145 150 155 160Glu Thr His Thr Ala Thr Thr Glu Pro Lys Gln Glu Gln Phe Asn Ser 165 170 175Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Pro Ile Gln His Lys Asp Trp Leu 180 185 190Ser Gly Lys Glu Phe Lys Cys Lys Val Asn Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala 195 200 205Pro Val Glu Arg Thr Ile Ser Lys Pro Thr Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro 210 215 220Gln Val Tyr Val Leu Ala Pro His Arg Asp Glu Leu Ser Lys Asn Lys225 230 235 240Val Ser Val Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Phe Tyr Pro Thr Asp Ile Asp 245 250 255Ile Glu Trp Lys Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Pro Glu Thr Lys Tyr Ser 260 265 270Thr Thr Pro Ala Gln Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Tyr Phe Leu Tyr Ser 275 280 285Lys Leu Thr Val Glu Thr Asn Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Thr Thr Phe Thr 290 295 300Cys Ala Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Glu Lys Ser305 310 315 320Val Ser Lys Ser Pro Gly Lys 3256415PRTEquus caballus 6Ser Leu Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Ile Pro Leu Phe Ser Glu Cys Lys Ala1 5 10 15Pro Lys Glu Asp Asp Val Val Ser Leu Ala Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Tyr 20 25 30Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Gln Val Thr Trp Glu Pro Glu Met Gln Asn Gln 35 40 45Lys Pro Trp Thr Phe Pro Ala Met Lys Lys Gly Gln Glu Tyr Ile His 50 55 60Val Phe Ser Leu Thr Thr Trp Trp Lys Pro Gly Ser His Ser Cys Thr65 70 75 80Val His His Lys Ala Ser Ser Phe Arg Lys Lys Met Thr Phe Gln Glu 85 90 95Pro Ala Ser Trp Ala Pro Gln Arg Thr Ser Ala Leu Pro Val Thr Ser 100 105 110Lys Glu Pro Thr Pro Ala Pro Thr Thr Leu Arg Lys Ser Glu Pro Ser 115 120 125Thr Arg His Thr Gln Pro Glu Thr Gln Lys Pro Arg Ile Pro Val Asp 130 135 140Thr Pro Leu Lys Glu Cys Gln Ser His Thr His Pro Pro Ser Ile Tyr145 150 155 160Leu Leu His Pro Pro Leu Gln Gly Leu Trp Leu Lys Gly Glu Ala Thr 165 170 175Phe Thr Cys Leu Val Val Gly Asp Asp Leu Lys Asp Ala His Leu Ser 180 185 190Trp Glu Leu Ser Glu Arg Ser Asn Gly Met Phe Val Glu Ser Gly Pro 195 200 205Leu Glu Lys His Thr Asn Gly Ser Gln Ser Arg Ser Ser Arg Leu Ala 210 215 220Leu Pro Arg Ser Ser Trp Ala Met Gly Thr Ser Val Thr Cys Lys Leu225 230 235 240Ser Tyr Pro Asn Leu Leu Ser Ser Met Glu Val Val Gly Leu Lys Glu 245 250 255His Ala Ala Ser Ala Pro Arg Ser Leu Thr Val His Ala Leu Thr Thr 260 265 270Pro Gly Leu Asn Ala Ser Pro Gly Ala Thr Ser Trp Leu Gln Cys Lys 275 280 285Val Ser Gly Phe Ser Pro Pro Glu Ile Val Leu Thr Trp Leu Glu Gly 290 295 300Gln Arg Glu Val Asp Pro Ser Trp Phe Ala Thr Ala Arg Pro Thr Ala305 310 315 320Gln Pro Gly Asn Thr Thr Phe Gln Thr Trp Ser Ile Leu Leu Val Pro 325 330 335Thr Ile Pro Gly Pro Pro Thr Ala Thr Tyr Thr Cys Val Val Gly His 340 345 350Glu Ala Ser Arg Gln Leu Leu Asn Thr Ser Trp Ser Leu Asp Thr Gly 355 360 365Gly Leu Ala Met Thr Pro Glu Ser Lys Asp Glu Asn Ser Asp Asp Tyr 370 375 380Ala Asp Leu Asp Asp Ala Gly Ser Leu Trp Leu Thr Phe Met Ala Leu385 390 395 400Phe Leu Ile Thr Leu Leu Tyr Ser Gly Phe Val Thr Phe Ile Lys 405 410 4157334PRTCanis familiaris 7Ser Lys Thr Ser Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ser Leu Cys His Gln Glu1 5 10 15Ser Glu Gly Tyr Val Val Ile Gly Cys Leu Val Gln Gly Phe Phe Pro 20 25 30Pro Glu Pro Val Asn Val Thr Trp Asn Ala Gly Lys Asp Ser Thr Ser 35 40 45Val Lys Asn Phe Pro Pro Met Lys Ala Ala Thr Gly Ser Leu Tyr Thr 50 55 60Met Ser Ser Gln Leu Thr Leu Pro Ala Ala Gln Cys Pro Asp Asp Ser65 70 75 80Ser Val Lys Cys Gln Val Gln His Ala Ser Ser Pro Ser Lys Ala Val 85 90 95Ser Val Pro Cys Lys Asp Asn Ser His Pro Cys His Pro Cys Pro Ser 100 105 110Cys Asn Glu Pro Arg Leu Ser Leu Gln Lys Pro Ala Leu Glu Asp Leu 115 120 125Leu Leu Gly Ser Asn Ala Ser Leu Thr Cys Thr Leu Ser Gly Leu Lys 130 135 140Asp Pro Lys Gly Ala Thr Phe Thr Trp Asn Pro Ser Lys Gly Lys Glu145 150 155 160Pro Ile Gln Lys Asn Pro Glu Arg Asp Ser Cys Gly Cys Tyr Ser Val 165 170 175Ser Ser Val Leu Pro Gly Cys Ala Asp Pro Trp Asn His Gly Asp Thr 180 185 190Phe Ser Cys Thr Ala Thr His Pro Glu Ser Lys Ser Pro Ile Thr Val 195 200 205Ser Ile Thr Lys Thr Thr Glu His Ile Pro Pro Gln Val His Leu Leu 210 215 220Pro Pro Pro Ser Glu Glu Leu Ala Leu Asn Glu Leu Val Thr Leu Thr225 230 235 240Cys Leu Val Arg Gly Phe Lys Pro Lys Asp Val Leu Val Arg Trp Leu 245 250 255Gln Gly Thr Gln Glu Leu Pro Gln Glu Lys Tyr Leu Thr Trp Glu Pro 260 265 270Leu Lys Glu Pro Asp Gln Thr Asn Met Phe Ala Val Thr Ser Met Leu 275 280 285Arg Val Thr Ala Glu Asp Trp Lys Gln Gly Glu Lys Phe Ser Cys Met 290 295 300Val Gly His Glu Ala Leu Pro Met Ser Phe Thr Gln Lys Thr Ile Asp305 310 315 320Arg Leu Ala Gly Lys Pro Thr His Val Asn Val Ser Val Val 325 3308426PRTCanis familiaris 8Thr Ser Gln Asp Leu Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Ser Cys Cys Lys Asp1 5 10 15Asn Ile Ala Ser Thr Ser Val Thr Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Thr Gly Tyr 20 25 30Leu Pro Met Ser Thr Thr Val Thr Trp Asp Thr Gly Ser Leu Asn Lys 35 40 45Asn Val Thr Thr Phe Pro Thr Thr Phe His Glu Thr Tyr Gly Leu His 50 55 60Ser Ile Val Ser Gln Val Thr Ala Ser Gly Lys Trp Ala Lys Gln Arg65 70 75 80Phe Thr Cys Ser Val Ala His Ala Glu Ser Thr Ala Ile Asn Lys Thr 85 90 95Phe Ser Ala Cys Ala Leu Asn Phe Ile Pro Pro Thr Val Lys Leu Phe 100 105 110His Ser Ser Cys Asn Pro Val Gly Asp Thr His Thr Thr Ile Gln Leu 115 120 125Leu Cys Leu Ile Ser Gly Tyr Val Pro Gly Asp Met Glu Val Ile Trp 130 135 140Leu Val Asp Gly Gln Lys Ala Thr Asn Ile Phe Pro Tyr Thr Ala Pro145 150 155 160Gly Thr Lys Glu Gly Asn Val Thr Ser Thr His Ser Glu Leu Asn Ile 165 170 175Thr Gln Gly Glu Trp Val Ser Gln Lys Thr Tyr Thr Cys Gln Val Thr 180 185 190Tyr Gln Gly Phe Thr Phe Lys Asp Glu Ala Arg Lys Cys Ser Glu Ser 195 200 205Asp Pro Arg Gly Val Thr Ser Tyr Leu Ser Pro Pro Ser Pro Leu Asp 210 215 220Leu Tyr Val His Lys Ala Pro Lys Ile Thr Cys Leu Val Val Asp Leu225 230 235 240Ala Thr Met Glu Gly Met Asn Leu Thr Trp Tyr Arg Glu Ser Lys Glu 245 250 255Pro Val Asn Pro Gly Pro Leu Asn Lys Lys Asp His Phe Asn Gly Thr 260 265 270Ile Thr Val Thr Ser Thr Leu Pro Val Asn Thr Asn Asp Trp Ile Glu 275 280 285Gly Glu Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Arg Val Thr His Pro His Leu Pro Lys Asp 290 295 300Ile Val Arg Ser Ile Ala Lys Ala Pro Gly Lys Arg Ala Pro Pro Asp305 310 315 320Val Tyr Leu Phe Leu Pro Pro Glu Glu Glu Gln Gly Thr Lys Asp Arg 325 330 335Val Thr Leu Thr Cys Leu Ile Gln Asn Phe Phe Pro Ala Asp Ile Ser 340 345 350Val Gln Trp Leu Arg Asn Asp Ser Pro Ile Gln Thr Asp Gln Tyr Thr 355 360 365Thr Thr Gly Pro His Lys Val Ser Gly Ser Arg Pro Ala Phe Phe Ile 370 375 380Phe Ser Arg Leu Glu Val Ser Arg Val Asp Trp Glu Gln Lys Asn Lys385 390 395 400Phe Thr Cys Gln Val Val His Glu Ala Leu Ser Gly Ser Arg Ile Leu 405 410 415Gln Lys Trp Val Ser Lys Thr Pro Gly Lys 420 4259335PRTFelis catus 9Ala Ser Thr Thr Ala Ser Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala

Pro Ser Cys Gly1 5 10 15Thr Thr Ser Gly Ala Thr Val Ala Leu Ala Cys Leu Val Leu Gly Tyr 20 25 30Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser 35 40 45Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ser Val Leu Gln Ala Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser 50 55 60Leu Ser Ser Met Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Arg Trp Leu Ser Asp Thr65 70 75 80Phe Thr Cys Asn Val Ala His Arg Pro Ser Ser Thr Lys Val Asp Lys 85 90 95Thr Val Pro Lys Thr Ala Ser Thr Ile Glu Ser Lys Thr Gly Glu Gly 100 105 110Pro Lys Cys Pro Val Pro Glu Ile Pro Gly Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile 115 120 125Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Ser Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu 130 135 140Val Thr Cys Leu Val Val Asp Leu Gly Pro Asp Asp Ser Asn Val Gln145 150 155 160Ile Thr Trp Phe Val Asp Asn Thr Glu Met His Thr Ala Lys Thr Arg 165 170 175Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu 180 185 190Pro Ile Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Lys Gly Lys Glu Phe Lys Cys Lys 195 200 205Val Asn Ser Lys Ser Leu Pro Ser Ala Met Glu Arg Thr Ile Ser Lys 210 215 220Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro His Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Val Leu Pro Pro Thr225 230 235 240Gln Glu Glu Leu Ser Glu Asn Lys Val Ser Val Thr Cys Leu Ile Lys 245 250 255Gly Phe His Pro Pro Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ile Thr Gly Gln 260 265 270Pro Glu Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Gln Thr Thr Pro Pro Gln Leu Asp Ser 275 280 285Asp Gly Thr Tyr Phe Leu Tyr Ser Arg Leu Ser Val Asp Arg Ser His 290 295 300Trp Gln Arg Gly Asn Thr Tyr Thr Cys Ser Val Ser His Glu Ala Leu305 310 315 320His Ser His His Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Gly Lys 325 330 3351096PRTCamelus dromedarius 10Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly1 5 10 15Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30Asp Met Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Arg Glu Arg Glu Gly Val 35 40 45Ala Ala Ile Asn Ser Gly Gly Gly Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Gln Asp Asn Ala Lys Asn Thr Val Tyr65 70 75 80Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Lys Pro Glu Asp Thr Ala Met Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 951196PRTCamelus dromedarius 11Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly1 5 10 15Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30Trp Met Tyr Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45Ser Thr Ile Asn Ser Gly Gly Gly Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala Lys Asn Met Leu Tyr65 70 75 80Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Lys Pro Glu Asp Thr Ala Met Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95121434DNAArtificial sequenceMurine anti-AGE IgG2b heavy chain 12atggacccca agggcagcct gagctggaga atcctgctgt tcctgagcct ggccttcgag 60ctgagctacg gccaggtgca gctgctgcag ccaggtgccg agctcgtgaa acctggcgcc 120tctgtgaagc tggcctgcaa ggcttccggc tacctgttca ccacctactg gatgcactgg 180ctgaagcaga ggccaggcca gggcctggaa tggatcggcg agatctcccc caccaacggc 240agagcctact acaacgcccg gttcaagtcc gaggccaccc tgaccgtgga caagtcctcc 300aacaccgcct acatgcagct gtcctccctg acctctgagg cctccgccgt gtactactgc 360gccagagctt acggcaacta cgagttcgcc tactggggcc agggcaccct cgtgacagtg 420tctgtggcta agaccacccc tccctccgtg taccctctgg ctcctggctg tggcgacacc 480accggatcct ctgtgaccct gggctgcctc gtgaagggct acttccctga gtccgtgacc 540gtgacctgga actccggctc cctgtcctcc tccgtgcaca cctttccagc cctgctgcag 600tccggcctgt acaccatgtc ctccagcgtg acagtgccct cctccacctg gccttcccag 660accgtgacat gctctgtggc ccaccctgcc tcttccacca ccgtggacaa gaagctggaa 720ccctccggcc ccatctccac catcaaccct tgccctccct gcaaagaatg ccacaagtgc 780cctgccccca acctggaagg cggcccttcc gtgttcatct tcccacccaa catcaaggac 840gtgctgatga tctccctgac ccccaaagtg acctgcgtgg tggtggacgt gtccgaggac 900gaccctgacg tgcagatcag ttggttcgtg aacaacgtgg aagtgcacac cgcccagacc 960cagacacaca gagaggacta caacagcacc atcagagtgg tgtctaccct gcccatccag 1020caccaggact ggatgtccgg caaagaattc aagtgcaaag tgaacaacaa ggacctgccc 1080agccccatcg agcggaccat ctccaagatc aagggcctcg tgcgggctcc ccaggtgtac 1140attctgcctc caccagccga gcagctgtcc cggaaggatg tgtctctgac atgtctggtc 1200gtgggcttca accccggcga catctccgtg gaatggacct ccaacggcca caccgaggaa 1260aactacaagg acaccgcccc tgtgctggac tccgacggct cctacttcat ctactccaag 1320ctgaacatga agacctccaa gtgggaaaag accgactcct tctcctgcaa cgtgcggcac 1380gagggcctga agaactacta cctgaagaaa accatctccc ggtcccccgg ctag 1434131416DNAArtificial sequenceChimeric anti-AGE human IgG1 antibody heavy chain 13atggacccca agggcagcct gagctggaga atcctgctgt tcctgagcct ggccttcgag 60ctgagctacg gccaggtgca gctgctgcag ccaggtgccg agctcgtgaa acctggcgcc 120tctgtgaagc tggcctgcaa ggcttccggc tacctgttca ccacctactg gatgcactgg 180ctgaagcaga ggccaggcca gggcctggaa tggatcggcg agatctcccc caccaacggc 240agagcctact acaacgcccg gttcaagtcc gaggccaccc tgaccgtgga caagtcctcc 300aacaccgcct acatgcagct gtcctccctg acctctgagg cctccgccgt gtactactgc 360gccagagctt acggcaacta cgagttcgcc tactggggcc agggcaccct cgtgacagtg 420tctgtggcta gcaccaaggg ccccagcgtg ttccctctgg cccccagcag caagagcacc 480agcggcggaa ccgccgccct gggctgcctg gtgaaggact acttccccga gcccgtgacc 540gtgtcctgga acagcggcgc tctgaccagc ggagtgcaca ccttccctgc cgtgctgcag 600agcagcggcc tgtactccct gagcagcgtg gtgaccgtgc ccagcagcag cctgggcacc 660cagacctaca tctgcaacgt gaaccacaag ccctccaaca ccaaggtgga caagaaggtg 720gagcctaaga gctgcgacaa gacccacacc tgccctccct gccccgcccc cgagctgctg 780ggcggaccca gcgtgttcct gttccctccc aagcccaagg acaccctgat gatcagccgc 840acccccgagg tgacctgcgt ggtggtggac gtgagccacg aggaccccga ggtgaagttc 900aactggtacg tggacggcgt ggaggtgcac aacgccaaga ccaagcctcg ggaggagcag 960tacaactcca cctaccgcgt ggtgagcgtg ctgaccgtgc tgcaccagga ctggctgaac 1020ggcaaggagt acaagtgcaa ggtgagcaac aaggccctgc ccgctcccat cgagaagacc 1080atcagcaagg ccaagggcca gccccgggag cctcaggtgt acaccctgcc ccccagccgc 1140gacgagctga ccaagaacca ggtgagcctg acctgcctgg tgaagggctt ctacccctcc 1200gacatcgccg tggagtggga gagcaacggc cagcctgaga acaactacaa gaccacccct 1260cccgtgctgg acagcgacgg cagcttcttc ctgtacagca agctgaccgt ggacaagtcc 1320cggtggcagc agggcaacgt gttcagctgc agcgtgatgc acgaggccct gcacaaccac 1380tacacccaga agagcctgag cctgagcccc ggatag 141614720DNAArtificial sequenceMurine anti-AGE Kappa light chain 14atggagaccg acaccctgct gctctgggtg ctgctgctct gggtgcccgg ctccaccgga 60gacgtcgtga tgacccagac ccctctgtcc ctgcctgtgt ctctgggcga ccaggcctcc 120atctcctgcc ggtctagaca gtccctcgtg aactccaacg gcaacacctt cctgcagtgg 180tatctgcaga agcccggcca gtcccccaag ctgctgatct acaaggtgtc cctgcggttc 240tccggcgtgc ccgacagatt ttccggctct ggctctggca ccgacttcac cctgaagatc 300tcccgggtgg aagccgagga cctgggcctg tacttctgca gccagtccac ccacgtgccc 360cctacatttg gcggaggcac caagctggaa atcaaacggg cagatgctgc accaactgta 420tccatcttcc caccatccag tgagcagtta acatctggag gtgcctcagt cgtgtgcttc 480ttgaacaact tctaccccaa agacatcaat gtcaagtgga agattgatgg cagtgaacga 540caaaatggcg tcctgaacag ttggactgat caggacagca aagacagcac ctacagcatg 600agcagcaccc tcacgttgac caaggacgag tatgaacgac ataacagcta tacctgtgag 660gccactcaca agacatcaac ttcacccatt gtcaagagct tcaacaggaa tgagtgttga 72015720DNAArtificial sequenceChimeric anti-AGE human kappa light chain 15atggagaccg acaccctgct gctctgggtg ctgctgctct gggtgcccgg ctccaccgga 60gacgtcgtga tgacccagac ccctctgtcc ctgcctgtgt ctctgggcga ccaggcctcc 120atctcctgcc ggtctagaca gtccctcgtg aactccaacg gcaacacctt cctgcagtgg 180tatctgcaga agcccggcca gtcccccaag ctgctgatct acaaggtgtc cctgcggttc 240tccggcgtgc ccgacagatt ttccggctct ggctctggca ccgacttcac cctgaagatc 300tcccgggtgg aagccgagga cctgggcctg tacttctgca gccagtccac ccacgtgccc 360cctacatttg gcggaggcac caagctggaa atcaagcgga ccgtggccgc ccccagcgtg 420ttcatcttcc ctcccagcga cgagcagctg aagtctggca ccgccagcgt ggtgtgcctg 480ctgaacaact tctacccccg cgaggccaag gtgcagtgga aggtggacaa cgccctgcag 540agcggcaaca gccaggagag cgtgaccgag caggactcca aggacagcac ctacagcctg 600agcagcaccc tgaccctgag caaggccgac tacgagaagc acaaggtgta cgcctgcgag 660gtgacccacc agggactgtc tagccccgtg accaagagct tcaaccgggg cgagtgctaa 72016477PRTArtificial sequenceMurine anti-AGE IgG2b heavy chain 16Met Asp Pro Lys Gly Ser Leu Ser Trp Arg Ile Leu Leu Phe Leu Ser1 5 10 15Leu Ala Phe Glu Leu Ser Tyr Gly Gln Val Gln Leu Leu Gln Pro Gly 20 25 30Ala Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala Ser Val Lys Leu Ala Cys Lys Ala 35 40 45Ser Gly Tyr Leu Phe Thr Thr Tyr Trp Met His Trp Leu Lys Gln Arg 50 55 60Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile Gly Glu Ile Ser Pro Thr Asn Gly65 70 75 80Arg Ala Tyr Tyr Asn Ala Arg Phe Lys Ser Glu Ala Thr Leu Thr Val 85 90 95Asp Lys Ser Ser Asn Thr Ala Tyr Met Gln Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser 100 105 110Glu Ala Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Ala Tyr Gly Asn Tyr Glu 115 120 125Phe Ala Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Val Ala Lys 130 135 140Thr Thr Pro Pro Ser Val Tyr Pro Leu Ala Pro Gly Cys Gly Asp Thr145 150 155 160Thr Gly Ser Ser Val Thr Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Tyr Phe Pro 165 170 175Glu Ser Val Thr Val Thr Trp Asn Ser Gly Ser Leu Ser Ser Ser Val 180 185 190His Thr Phe Pro Ala Leu Leu Gln Ser Gly Leu Tyr Thr Met Ser Ser 195 200 205Ser Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Thr Trp Pro Ser Gln Thr Val Thr Cys 210 215 220Ser Val Ala His Pro Ala Ser Ser Thr Thr Val Asp Lys Lys Leu Glu225 230 235 240Pro Ser Gly Pro Ile Ser Thr Ile Asn Pro Cys Pro Pro Cys Lys Glu 245 250 255Cys His Lys Cys Pro Ala Pro Asn Leu Glu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe 260 265 270Ile Phe Pro Pro Asn Ile Lys Asp Val Leu Met Ile Ser Leu Thr Pro 275 280 285Lys Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser Glu Asp Asp Pro Asp Val 290 295 300Gln Ile Ser Trp Phe Val Asn Asn Val Glu Val His Thr Ala Gln Thr305 310 315 320Gln Thr His Arg Glu Asp Tyr Asn Ser Thr Ile Arg Val Val Ser Thr 325 330 335Leu Pro Ile Gln His Gln Asp Trp Met Ser Gly Lys Glu Phe Lys Cys 340 345 350Lys Val Asn Asn Lys Asp Leu Pro Ser Pro Ile Glu Arg Thr Ile Ser 355 360 365Lys Ile Lys Gly Leu Val Arg Ala Pro Gln Val Tyr Ile Leu Pro Pro 370 375 380Pro Ala Glu Gln Leu Ser Arg Lys Asp Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val385 390 395 400Val Gly Phe Asn Pro Gly Asp Ile Ser Val Glu Trp Thr Ser Asn Gly 405 410 415His Thr Glu Glu Asn Tyr Lys Asp Thr Ala Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp 420 425 430Gly Ser Tyr Phe Ile Tyr Ser Lys Leu Asn Met Lys Thr Ser Lys Trp 435 440 445Glu Lys Thr Asp Ser Phe Ser Cys Asn Val Arg His Glu Gly Leu Lys 450 455 460Asn Tyr Tyr Leu Lys Lys Thr Ile Ser Arg Ser Pro Gly465 470 47517471PRTArtificial sequenceChimeric anti-AGE human IgG1 heavy chain 17Met Asp Pro Lys Gly Ser Leu Ser Trp Arg Ile Leu Leu Phe Leu Ser1 5 10 15Leu Ala Phe Glu Leu Ser Tyr Gly Gln Val Gln Leu Leu Gln Pro Gly 20 25 30Ala Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala Ser Val Lys Leu Ala Cys Lys Ala 35 40 45Ser Gly Tyr Leu Phe Thr Thr Tyr Trp Met His Trp Leu Lys Gln Arg 50 55 60Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile Gly Glu Ile Ser Pro Thr Asn Gly65 70 75 80Arg Ala Tyr Tyr Asn Ala Arg Phe Lys Ser Glu Ala Thr Leu Thr Val 85 90 95Asp Lys Ser Ser Asn Thr Ala Tyr Met Gln Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser 100 105 110Glu Ala Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Ala Tyr Gly Asn Tyr Glu 115 120 125Phe Ala Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Val Ala Ser 130 135 140Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr145 150 155 160Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro 165 170 175Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val 180 185 190His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser 195 200 205Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile 210 215 220Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val225 230 235 240Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala 245 250 255Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro 260 265 270Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val 275 280 285Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val 290 295 300Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln305 310 315 320Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln 325 330 335Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala 340 345 350Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro 355 360 365Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr 370 375 380Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser385 390 395 400Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr 405 410 415Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr 420 425 430Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe 435 440 445Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys 450 455 460Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly465 47018239PRTArtificial sequenceMurine anti-AGE kappa light chain 18Met Glu Thr Asp Thr Leu Leu Leu Trp Val Leu Leu Leu Trp Val Pro1 5 10 15Gly Ser Thr Gly Asp Val Val Met Thr Gln Thr Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro 20 25 30Val Ser Leu Gly Asp Gln Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Arg Gln Ser 35 40 45Leu Val Asn Ser Asn Gly Asn Thr Phe Leu Gln Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys 50 55 60Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Lys Val Ser Leu Arg Phe65 70 75 80Ser Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe 85 90 95Thr Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Leu Gly Leu Tyr Phe 100 105 110Cys Ser Gln Ser Thr His Val Pro Pro Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys 115 120 125Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Ala Asp Ala Ala Pro Thr Val Ser Ile Phe Pro 130 135 140Pro Ser Ser Glu Gln Leu Thr Ser Gly Gly Ala Ser Val Val Cys Phe145 150 155 160Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Lys Asp Ile Asn Val Lys Trp Lys Ile Asp 165 170 175Gly Ser Glu Arg Gln Asn Gly Val Leu Asn Ser Trp Thr Asp Gln Asp 180 185 190Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Met Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Thr Lys 195 200 205Asp Glu Tyr Glu Arg His Asn Ser Tyr Thr Cys Glu Ala Thr His Lys 210 215 220Thr Ser Thr Ser Pro Ile Val Lys Ser Phe Asn

Arg Asn Glu Cys225 230 23519239PRTArtificial sequenceChimeric anti-AGE human kappa light chain 19Met Glu Thr Asp Thr Leu Leu Leu Trp Val Leu Leu Leu Trp Val Pro1 5 10 15Gly Ser Thr Gly Asp Val Val Met Thr Gln Thr Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro 20 25 30Val Ser Leu Gly Asp Gln Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Arg Gln Ser 35 40 45Leu Val Asn Ser Asn Gly Asn Thr Phe Leu Gln Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys 50 55 60Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Lys Val Ser Leu Arg Phe65 70 75 80Ser Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe 85 90 95Thr Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Leu Gly Leu Tyr Phe 100 105 110Cys Ser Gln Ser Thr His Val Pro Pro Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys 115 120 125Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro 130 135 140Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu145 150 155 160Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp 165 170 175Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp 180 185 190Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys 195 200 205Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln 210 215 220Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys225 230 23520118PRTArtificial sequenceMurine anti-AGE IgG2b heavy chain (variable region) 20Gln Val Gln Leu Leu Gln Pro Gly Ala Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Leu Ala Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Leu Phe Thr Thr Tyr 20 25 30Trp Met His Trp Leu Lys Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Glu Ile Ser Pro Thr Asn Gly Arg Ala Tyr Tyr Asn Ala Arg Phe 50 55 60Lys Ser Glu Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Ser Asn Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Gln Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Ala Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Ala Tyr Gly Asn Tyr Glu Phe Ala Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr 100 105 110Leu Val Thr Val Ser Val 11521112PRTArtificial sequenceMurine anti-AGE kappa light chain (variable region) 21Asp Val Val Met Thr Gln Thr Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Ser Leu Gly1 5 10 15Asp Gln Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Arg Gln Ser Leu Val Asn Ser 20 25 30Asn Gly Asn Thr Phe Leu Gln Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser 35 40 45Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Lys Val Ser Leu Arg Phe Ser Gly Val Pro 50 55 60Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Lys Ile65 70 75 80Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Leu Gly Leu Tyr Phe Cys Ser Gln Ser 85 90 95Thr His Val Pro Pro Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys 100 105 11022326PRTArtificial sequenceHuman constant region 22Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Cys Ser Arg1 5 10 15Ser Thr Ser Glu Ser Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr 20 25 30Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser 35 40 45Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser 50 55 60Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Asn Phe Gly Thr Gln Thr65 70 75 80Tyr Thr Cys Asn Val Asp His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys 85 90 95Thr Val Glu Arg Lys Cys Cys Val Glu Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro 100 105 110Pro Val Ala Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp 115 120 125Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp 130 135 140Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly145 150 155 160Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Phe Asn 165 170 175Ser Thr Phe Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Val His Gln Asp Trp 180 185 190Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu Pro 195 200 205Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Thr Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu 210 215 220Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn225 230 235 240Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile 245 250 255Ser Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr 260 265 270Thr Pro Pro Met Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys 275 280 285Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys 290 295 300Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu305 310 315 320Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys 325237PRTArtificial sequenceCDR1H (heavy chain) 23Ser Tyr Thr Met Gly Val Ser1 52417PRTArtificial sequenceCDR2H (heavy chain) 24Thr Ile Ser Ser Gly Gly Gly Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Pro Asp Ser Val Lys1 5 10 15Gly2510PRTArtificial sequenceCDR3H (heavy chain)misc_feature(10)..(10)Xaa can be any naturally occurring amino acid 25Gln Gly Gly Trp Leu Pro Pro Phe Ala Xaa1 5 102617PRTArtificial sequenceCDR1L (light chain) 26Arg Ala Ser Lys Ser Val Ser Thr Ser Ser Arg Gly Tyr Ser Tyr Met1 5 10 15His277PRTArtificial sequenceCDR2L (light chain) 27Leu Val Ser Asn Leu Glu Ser1 5289PRTArtificial sequenceCDR3L (light chain) 28Gln His Ile Arg Glu Leu Thr Arg Ser1 529468PRTArtificial SequenceHumanized heavy chain 29Met Asp Pro Lys Gly Ser Leu Ser Trp Arg Ile Leu Leu Phe Leu Ser1 5 10 15Leu Ala Phe Glu Leu Ser Tyr Gly Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly 20 25 30Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala 35 40 45Ser Gly Tyr Leu Phe Thr Thr Tyr Trp Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala 50 55 60Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met Gly Glu Ile Ser Pro Thr Asn Gly65 70 75 80Arg Ala Tyr Tyr Asn Gln Lys Phe Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Met Thr Val 85 90 95Asp Lys Ser Thr Asn Thr Val Tyr Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser 100 105 110Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Ala Tyr Gly Asn Tyr Phe 115 120 125Ala Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr 130 135 140Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser145 150 155 160Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu 165 170 175Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His 180 185 190Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser 195 200 205Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys 210 215 220Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu225 230 235 240Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Pro Glu 245 250 255Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp 260 265 270Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp 275 280 285Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly 290 295 300Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn305 310 315 320Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp 325 330 335Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro 340 345 350Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu 355 360 365Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Lys Asn Gln 370 375 380Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala385 390 395 400Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr 405 410 415Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu 420 425 430Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser 435 440 445Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser 450 455 460Leu Ser Pro Gly465301408DNAArtificial SequenceHumanized heavy chain 30atggacccca agggcagcct gagctggaga atcctgctgt tcctgagcct ggccttcgag 60ctgagctacg gccaggtgca gctggtgcag tctggcgccg aagtgaagaa acctggcgcc 120tccgtgaggt gtcctgcaag gcttccggct acctgttcac cacctactgg atgcactggg 180tgcgacaggc ccctggacag ggcctggaat ggatgggcga gatctcccct accaacggca 240gagcctacta caacagaaat tccagggcag agtgaccatg accgtggaca agtccaccaa 300caccgtgtac atggaactgt cctccctgcg gagcgaggac accgccgtgt actactgcgc 360tagagcctac ggcaactacg attcgcctac tggggccagg gcaccctcgt gacagtgtcc 420tctgctagca ccaagggccc cagcgtgttc cctctggccc ccagcagcaa gagcaccagc 480ggcggaaccg ccgccctggg ctgcctggga aggactactt ccccgagccc gtgaccgtgt 540cctggaacag cggcgctctg accagcggag tgcacacctt ccctgccgtg ctgcagagca 600gcggcctgta ctccctgagc agcgtggtga ccgtgccagc agcagcctgg gcacccagac 660ctacatctgc aacgtgaacc acaagccctc caacaccaag gtggacaaga aggtggagcc 720taagagctgc gacaagaccc acacctgccc tccctgcccc gccccgagct gctgggcgga 780cccagcgtgt tcctgttccc tcccaagccc aaggacaccc tgatgatcag ccgcaccccc 840gaggtgacct gcgtggtggt ggacgtgagc cacgaggacc ccgaggtgag ttcaactggt 900acgtggacgg cgtggaggtg cacaacgcca agaccaagcc tcgggaggag cagtacaact 960ccacctaccg cgtggtgagc gtgctgaccg tgctgcacca ggactggctg aacggcagga 1020gtacaagtgc aaggtgagca acaaggccct gcccgctccc atcgagaaga ccatcagcaa 1080ggccaagggc cagccccggg agcctcaggt gtacaccctg ccccccagcc gcgacgagct 1140gacaagaacc aggtgagcct gacctgcctg gtgaagggct tctacccctc cgacatcgcc 1200gtggagtggg agagcaacgg ccagcctgag aacaactaca agaccacccc tcccgtgctg 1260gacagcgacg cagcttcttc ctgtacagca agctgaccgt ggacaagtcc cggtggcagc 1320agggcaacgt gttcagctgc agcgtgatgc acgaggccct gcacaaccac tacacccaga 1380agagcctgag cctgagcccg gatagtaa 140831468PRTArtificial SequenceHumanized heavy chain 31Met Asp Pro Lys Gly Ser Leu Ser Trp Arg Ile Leu Leu Phe Leu Ser1 5 10 15Leu Ala Phe Glu Leu Ser Tyr Gly Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly 20 25 30Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala 35 40 45Ser Gly Tyr Leu Phe Thr Thr Tyr Trp Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala 50 55 60Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met Gly Glu Ile Ser Pro Thr Asn Gly65 70 75 80Arg Ala Tyr Tyr Asn Ala Lys Phe Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Met Thr Val 85 90 95Asp Lys Ser Thr Asn Thr Ala Tyr Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser 100 105 110Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Ala Tyr Gly Asn Tyr Phe 115 120 125Ala Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr 130 135 140Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser145 150 155 160Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu 165 170 175Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His 180 185 190Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser 195 200 205Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys 210 215 220Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu225 230 235 240Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Pro Glu 245 250 255Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp 260 265 270Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp 275 280 285Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly 290 295 300Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn305 310 315 320Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp 325 330 335Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro 340 345 350Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu 355 360 365Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Lys Asn Gln 370 375 380Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala385 390 395 400Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr 405 410 415Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu 420 425 430Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser 435 440 445Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser 450 455 460Leu Ser Pro Gly465321408DNAArtificial SequenceHumanized heavy chain 32atggacccca agggcagcct gagctggaga atcctgctgt tcctgagcct ggccttcgag 60ctgagctacg gccaggtgca gctggtgcag tctggcgccg aagtgaagaa acctggcgcc 120tccgtgaggt gtcctgcaag gcttccggct acctgttcac cacctactgg atgcactggg 180tgcgacaggc ccctggacag ggcctggaat ggatgggcga gatctcccct accaacggca 240gagcctacta caaccaaaat tccagggcag agtgaccatg accgtggaca agtccaccaa 300caccgcttac atggaactgt cctccctgcg gagcgaggac accgccgtgt actactgcgc 360tagagcctac ggcaactacg attcgcctac tggggccagg gcaccctcgt gacagtgtcc 420tctgctagca ccaagggccc cagcgtgttc cctctggccc ccagcagcaa gagcaccagc 480ggcggaaccg ccgccctggg ctgcctggga aggactactt ccccgagccc gtgaccgtgt 540cctggaacag cggcgctctg accagcggag tgcacacctt ccctgccgtg ctgcagagca 600gcggcctgta ctccctgagc agcgtggtga ccgtgccagc agcagcctgg gcacccagac 660ctacatctgc aacgtgaacc acaagccctc caacaccaag gtggacaaga aggtggagcc 720taagagctgc gacaagaccc acacctgccc tccctgcccc gccccgagct gctgggcgga 780cccagcgtgt tcctgttccc tcccaagccc aaggacaccc tgatgatcag ccgcaccccc 840gaggtgacct gcgtggtggt ggacgtgagc cacgaggacc ccgaggtgag ttcaactggt 900acgtggacgg cgtggaggtg cacaacgcca agaccaagcc tcgggaggag cagtacaact 960ccacctaccg cgtggtgagc gtgctgaccg tgctgcacca ggactggctg aacggcagga 1020gtacaagtgc aaggtgagca acaaggccct gcccgctccc atcgagaaga ccatcagcaa 1080ggccaagggc cagccccggg agcctcaggt gtacaccctg ccccccagcc gcgacgagct 1140gacaagaacc aggtgagcct gacctgcctg gtgaagggct tctacccctc cgacatcgcc 1200gtggagtggg agagcaacgg ccagcctgag aacaactaca agaccacccc tcccgtgctg 1260gacagcgacg cagcttcttc ctgtacagca agctgaccgt ggacaagtcc cggtggcagc 1320agggcaacgt gttcagctgc agcgtgatgc acgaggccct gcacaaccac tacacccaga 1380agagcctgag cctgagcccg gatagtaa 140833468PRTArtificial SequenceHumanized heavy chain 33Met Asp Pro Lys Gly Ser Leu Ser Trp Arg Ile Leu Leu Phe Leu Ser1 5 10 15Leu Ala Phe Glu Leu Ser Tyr Gly Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly 20 25 30Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala 35 40 45Ser Gly Tyr Leu Phe Thr Thr Tyr Trp Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala 50 55 60Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met Gly Glu Ile Ser Pro Thr Asn Gly65 70 75 80Arg Ala Tyr Tyr Asn

Ala Lys Phe Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Met Thr Val 85 90 95Asp Lys Ser Ile Asn Thr Ala Tyr Met Glu Leu Ser Arg Leu Arg Ser 100 105 110Asp Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg Ala Tyr Gly Asn Tyr Phe 115 120 125Ala Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr 130 135 140Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser145 150 155 160Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu 165 170 175Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His 180 185 190Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser 195 200 205Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys 210 215 220Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu225 230 235 240Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Pro Glu 245 250 255Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp 260 265 270Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp 275 280 285Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly 290 295 300Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn305 310 315 320Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp 325 330 335Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro 340 345 350Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu 355 360 365Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Lys Asn Gln 370 375 380Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala385 390 395 400Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr 405 410 415Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu 420 425 430Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser 435 440 445Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser 450 455 460Leu Ser Pro Gly465341408DNAArtificial SequenceHumanized heavy chain 34atggacccca agggcagcct gagctggaga atcctgctgt tcctgagcct ggccttcgag 60ctgagctacg gccaggtgca gctggtgcag tctggcgccg aagtgaagaa acctggcgcc 120tccgtgaggt gtcctgcaag gcttccggct acctgttcac cacctactgg atgcactggg 180tgcgacaggc ccctggacag ggcctggaat ggatgggcga gatctcccct accaacggca 240gagcctacta caaccaaaat tccagggcag agtgaccatg accgtggaca agtccatcaa 300caccgcttac atggaactgt ccagactgcg gagcgatgac accgccgtgt actactgcgc 360tagagcctac ggcaactacg attcgcctac tggggccagg gcaccctcgt gacagtgtcc 420tctgctagca ccaagggccc cagcgtgttc cctctggccc ccagcagcaa gagcaccagc 480ggcggaaccg ccgccctggg ctgcctggga aggactactt ccccgagccc gtgaccgtgt 540cctggaacag cggcgctctg accagcggag tgcacacctt ccctgccgtg ctgcagagca 600gcggcctgta ctccctgagc agcgtggtga ccgtgccagc agcagcctgg gcacccagac 660ctacatctgc aacgtgaacc acaagccctc caacaccaag gtggacaaga aggtggagcc 720taagagctgc gacaagaccc acacctgccc tccctgcccc gccccgagct gctgggcgga 780cccagcgtgt tcctgttccc tcccaagccc aaggacaccc tgatgatcag ccgcaccccc 840gaggtgacct gcgtggtggt ggacgtgagc cacgaggacc ccgaggtgag ttcaactggt 900acgtggacgg cgtggaggtg cacaacgcca agaccaagcc tcgggaggag cagtacaact 960ccacctaccg cgtggtgagc gtgctgaccg tgctgcacca ggactggctg aacggcagga 1020gtacaagtgc aaggtgagca acaaggccct gcccgctccc atcgagaaga ccatcagcaa 1080ggccaagggc cagccccggg agcctcaggt gtacaccctg ccccccagcc gcgacgagct 1140gacaagaacc aggtgagcct gacctgcctg gtgaagggct tctacccctc cgacatcgcc 1200gtggagtggg agagcaacgg ccagcctgag aacaactaca agaccacccc tcccgtgctg 1260gacagcgacg cagcttcttc ctgtacagca agctgaccgt ggacaagtcc cggtggcagc 1320agggcaacgt gttcagctgc agcgtgatgc acgaggccct gcacaaccac tacacccaga 1380agagcctgag cctgagcccg gatagtaa 140835238PRTArtificial SequenceHumanized light chain 35Met Glu Thr Asp Thr Leu Leu Leu Trp Val Leu Leu Leu Trp Val Pro1 5 10 15Gly Ser Thr Gly Asp Val Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro 20 25 30Val Thr Leu Gly Gln Pro Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser 35 40 45Leu Val Asn Ser Asn Gly Asn Thr Phe Leu Gln Trp Tyr Gln Gln Arg 50 55 60Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile Tyr Lys Val Ser Leu Arg Phe65 70 75 80Ser Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe 85 90 95Thr Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr 100 105 110Cys Ser Gln Ser Thr His Val Pro Pro Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Val 115 120 125Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro 130 135 140Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu145 150 155 160Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn 165 170 175Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser 180 185 190Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala 195 200 205Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly 210 215 220Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys225 230 23536715DNAArtificial SequenceHumanized light chain 36atggagaccg acaccctgct gctctgggtg ctgctgctct gggtgcccgg ctccaccgga 60gacgtcgtga tgacccagtc ccctctgtcc ctgcctgtga ccctgggaca gcctgcctcc 120atctcctcag atcctcccag tccctcgtga actccaacgg caacaccttc ctgcagtggt 180atcagcagcg gcctggccag agccccagac tgctgatcta caaggtgtcc ctgcggttct 240ccggcgtgcc cgacgatttt ccggctctgg ctctggcacc gacttcaccc tgaagatctc 300ccgggtggaa gccgaggacg tgggcgtgta ctactgctcc cagagcaccc acgtgccccc 360tacatttggc ggaggcacca agtggaaatc aagcggaccg tggccgcccc cagcgtgttc 420atcttccctc ccagcgacga gcagctgaag tctggcaccg ccagcgtggt gtgcctgctg 480aacaacttct acccccgcga ggccaagggc agtggaaggt ggacaacgcc ctgcagagcg 540gcaacagcca ggagagcgtg accgagcagg actccaagga cagcacctac agcctgagca 600gcaccctgac cctgagcaag gccgactacg agaagacaag gtgtacgcct gcgaggtgac 660ccaccaggga ctgtctagcc ccgtgaccaa gagcttcaac cggggcgagt gctaa 71537238PRTArtificial SequenceHumanized light chain 37Met Glu Thr Asp Thr Leu Leu Leu Trp Val Leu Leu Leu Trp Val Pro1 5 10 15Gly Ser Thr Gly Asp Val Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro 20 25 30Val Thr Leu Gly Gln Pro Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Arg Gln Ser 35 40 45Leu Val Asn Ser Asn Gly Asn Thr Phe Leu Gln Trp Tyr Gln Gln Arg 50 55 60Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile Tyr Lys Val Ser Leu Arg Phe65 70 75 80Ser Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe 85 90 95Thr Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr 100 105 110Cys Ser Gln Ser Thr His Val Pro Pro Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Val 115 120 125Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro 130 135 140Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu145 150 155 160Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn 165 170 175Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser 180 185 190Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala 195 200 205Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly 210 215 220Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys225 230 23538715DNAArtificial SequenceHumanized light chain 38atggagaccg acaccctgct gctctgggtg ctgctgctct gggtgcccgg ctccaccgga 60gacgtcgtga tgacccagtc ccctctgtcc ctgcctgtga ccctgggaca gcctgcctcc 120atctcctcag atccaggcag tccctcgtga actccaacgg caacaccttc ctgcagtggt 180atcagcagcg gcctggccag agccccagac tgctgatcta caaggtgtcc ctgcggttct 240ccggcgtgcc cgacgatttt ccggctctgg ctctggcacc gacttcaccc tgaagatctc 300ccgggtggaa gccgaggacg tgggcgtgta ctactgctcc cagagcaccc acgtgccccc 360tacatttggc ggaggcacca agtggaaatc aagcggaccg tggccgcccc cagcgtgttc 420atcttccctc ccagcgacga gcagctgaag tctggcaccg ccagcgtggt gtgcctgctg 480aacaacttct acccccgcga ggccaagggc agtggaaggt ggacaacgcc ctgcagagcg 540gcaacagcca ggagagcgtg accgagcagg actccaagga cagcacctac agcctgagca 600gcaccctgac cctgagcaag gccgactacg agaagacaag gtgtacgcct gcgaggtgac 660ccaccaggga ctgtctagcc ccgtgaccaa gagcttcaac cggggcgagt gctaa 71539238PRTArtificial SequenceHumanized light chain 39Met Glu Thr Asp Thr Leu Leu Leu Trp Val Leu Leu Leu Trp Val Pro1 5 10 15Gly Ser Thr Gly Asp Val Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Ser Pro 20 25 30Val Thr Leu Gly Gln Pro Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser 35 40 45Leu Val Asn Ser Asn Gly Asn Thr Phe Leu Gln Trp Tyr His Gln Arg 50 55 60Pro Gly Gln Pro Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile Tyr Lys Val Ser Leu Arg Phe65 70 75 80Ser Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ala Gly Lys Asp Phe 85 90 95Thr Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr 100 105 110Cys Ser Gln Ser Thr His Val Pro Pro Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu 115 120 125Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro 130 135 140Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu145 150 155 160Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn 165 170 175Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser 180 185 190Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala 195 200 205Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly 210 215 220Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys225 230 23540715DNAArtificial SequenceHumanized light chain 40atggagaccg acaccctgct gctctgggtg ctgctgctct gggtgcccgg ctccaccgga 60gacgtcgtga tgacccagtc ccctctgtcc agtcctgtga ccctgggaca gcctgcctcc 120atctcctcag atcctcccag tccctcgtga actccaacgg caacaccttc ctgcagtggt 180atcaccagcg gcctggccag cctcccagac tgctgatcta caaggtgtcc ctgcggttct 240ccggcgtgcc cgacgatttt ccggctctgg cgctggcaag gacttcaccc tgaagatctc 300ccgggtggaa gccgaggacg tgggcgtgta ctactgctcc cagagcaccc acgtgccccc 360tacatttggc cagggcacca actggaaatc aagcggaccg tggccgcccc cagcgtgttc 420atcttccctc ccagcgacga gcagctgaag tctggcaccg ccagcgtggt gtgcctgctg 480aacaacttct acccccgcga ggccaagggc agtggaaggt ggacaacgcc ctgcagagcg 540gcaacagcca ggagagcgtg accgagcagg actccaagga cagcacctac agcctgagca 600gcaccctgac cctgagcaag gccgactacg agaagacaag gtgtacgcct gcgaggtgac 660ccaccaggga ctgtctagcc ccgtgaccaa gagcttcaac cggggcgagt gctaa 715

Claims

1-6. (canceled)

7. A method of treating or preventing the onset of disease-related cachexia, comprising immunizing a subject in need thereof against AGE-modified proteins or peptides of a cell.

8-23. (canceled)

24. The method of claim 7, wherein the immunizing comprises administering a vaccine comprising an AGE antigen.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the vaccine comprises (a) the AGE antigen, (b) an adjuvant, (c) optionally, a preservative, and (d) optionally, an excipient.

26. The method of claim 24, wherein the vaccine is administered in an amount effective to cause the immune system to produce antibodies to cells having AGE-modified proteins or peptides.

27. The method of claim 24, wherein the AGE antigen is an AGE-modified protein or peptide selected from the group consisting of AGE-RNAse, AGE-human hemoglobin, AGE-human serum albumin, AGE-low density lipoprotein, AGE-collagen IV, AGE-antithrombin III, AGE-calmodulin, AGE-insulin, AGE-ceruloplasmin, AGE-collagen, AGE-cathepsin B, AGE-albumin, AGE-BSA, AGE-human serum albumin, AGE-ovalbumin, AGE-crystallin, AGE-plasminogen activator, AGE-endothelial plasma membrane protein, AGE-aldehyde reductase, AGE-transferrin, AGE-fibrin, AGE-copper/zinc SOD, AGE-apo B, AGE-fibronectin, AGE-pancreatic ribose, AGE-apo A-I and II, AGE-hemoglobin, AGE-Na.sup.+/K.sup.+-ATPase, AGE-plasminogen, AGE-myelin, AGE-lysozyme, AGE-immunoglobulin, AGE-red cell Glu transport protein, AGE-.beta.-N-acetyl hexominase, AGE-apo E, AGE-red cell membrane protein, AGE-aldose reductase, AGE-ferritin, AGE-red cell spectrin, AGE-alcohol dehydrogenase, AGE-haptoglobin, AGE-tubulin, AGE-thyroid hormone, AGE-fibrinogen, AGE-.beta..sub.2-microglobulin, AGE-sorbitol dehydrogenase, AGE-.alpha..sub.1-antitrypsin, AGE-carbonate dehydratase, AGE-RNAse, AGE-low density lipoprotein, AGE-hexokinase, AGE-apo C-I, AGE-KHL and mixtures thereof.

28-52. (canceled)

53. The method of claim 24, wherein the AGE antigen comprises carboxymethyllysine conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (CML-KLH).