NITRILASE FROM ARABIS ALPINA, ITS ENCODING GENE, VECTOR, RECOMBINANT BACTERIAL STRAIN AND USES THEREOF

Abstract

The disclosure provides a nitrilase from Arabis alpina, which belongs to genus Arabis, family brassicaceae. The disclosure further provides the encoding gene, vector, recombinant bacterial strain, and the application in the manufacturing of (S)-3-cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid. The wet resting cells containing nitrilase Aa-Nit can kinetically resolve racemic IBSN at 1.2 M with a 42% conversion rate in 15 hr and >99% ee value. The disclosure provides a regio- and stereoselective method for the preparation of (S)-3-cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid. This method provides an atom economical, mild, environmental friendly industrial method to manufacture (S)-3-cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid.

Description

[0001] This application claims the benefit of Chinese patent application No. 201510535881.1, filed Aug. 27, 2015, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. 1.821(c), a sequence listing is submitted herewith as an ASCII compliant text file named "CCHMP0002US_ST25.txt", created on Aug. 22, 2016 and having a size of .about.5 kilobytes. The content of the aforementioned file is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0003] 1. Technical Area

[0004] This invention relates to a method of manufacturing (S)-3-cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid. It further relates to a nitrilase from Arabis alpina and the application in the manufacturing of (S)-3-cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid.

[0005] 2. Background

[0006] Pregabalin (I, PGB), chemical name (S)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid (I), is a 3-isobutyl substituted .gamma.-aminobutanoic acid (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47: 3500-3504). PGB is very effective in treating epilepsy, diabetic neuropathy pain, and post-herpetic neuralgia pain. It requires lower dosages and less frequent administration, has fewer side effects, lasts longer, and is well tolerated. PGB has become a blockbuster in global pharmaceutical markets.

[0007] (S)-3-Cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid (II) is a key chiral intermediate that can be converted to PGB through hydrogenation. Pfizer, Inc. has developed a second-generation, enzymatic process for PGB, where 2-carboxyethyl-3-cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid ethyl ester diethyl 2-(1-cyano-3-methylbutyl)malonate was resolved through Lipolase.RTM. catalysis, decarboxylated, and hydrolyzed under basic condition to afford II (Org. Process Res. Dev. 2008, 12: 392-398). This process requires decarboxylation and two hydrolysis steps, leading to low atom economy.

##STR00001##

[0008] Nitrilase (EC 3.5.5.1) is an enzyme that can catalyze the hydrolysis of nitriles to ammonia and the corresponding carboxylic acid. Nitrilase has very strict regio- and stereo-selectivity and shows high potential in the manufacture of highly valuable active pharmaceutical ingredients. Pfizer's Xie reported that Arabidopsis thaliana nitrilase At-Nit1 could regio- and stereo-selectively convert racemic 2-isobutylsuccinonitrile (ISBN) into II (J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym. 2006, 41:75-80). This process enjoys a very high atom economy. However, nitrilase At-Nit1 has low activity and only provides II with 17.5% yield when the substrate concentration was 150 mM (WO2005100580). Another enzyme NIT-102 could only provide II at 31.3% when the substrate was treated for 24 hr at 400 mM (WO2005100580). This method is difficult to industrialize because of the long reaction time and low substrate concentration. Thus, it is very necessary to find nitrilases with industrial potential for the manufacturing of II.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The goal of the current invention is to find a novel nitrilase that can regio- and stereoselectively convert ISBN into II. The nitrilase should show higher catalytic activity and better tolerance to substrate so that II could be manufactured in industrial scale. When at 400 mM, ISBN should be converted to II at least 42%.

[0010] An embodiment of the current invention is a nitrilase (Aa-Nit) from Arabis alpina, which belongs to family brassicaceae. The nitrilase's amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID No. 1.

[0011] A further embodiment of the current invention covers any polypeptide segments or mutants obtained through knockout, insertion, replacement of one or more amino acid residues, as long as the sequence resembles 95% of SEQ ID No. 1.

[0012] Another embodiment of the current invention further covers a nitrilase's encoding gene. To realize the heterologous expression of soluble Aa-Nit in E. coli, the nucleotide (SEQ ID No. 2) corresponding to the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID No. 1) was synthesized through routine genetic engineering procedures.

[0013] Yet another embodiment of the current invention covers any nucleotide segments obtained through knockout, insertion, replacement of one or more nucleoside residues, as long as the sequence resembles 90% of SEQ ID No. 2.

[0014] Another embodiment of the current invention relates to a recombinant vector for the nitrilase encoding gene, and the recombinant genetically engineered bacterium obtained with the above-stated vector.

[0015] A further embodiment of the current invention relates to the method of preparing nitrilase Aa-Nit from the corresponding nitrilase gene. The nitrilase gene containing vector is introduced into the host cells to obtain the genetically engineered bacteria. The bacteria are cultured to obtain nitrilase-containing cells. The procedure is as follows: (1) Nitrilase Aa-Nit's nucleotide sequence was obtained through gene mining technique. (2) The synthesized nitrilase gene segment is inserted into pEt28b vector to afford the recombinant plasmid. (3) The recombinant plasmid is introduced into the host cell, preferably E. coli BL21 (DE3) to afford the corresponding engineered strain. (4) The engineered strain is inoculated into LB medium, grown to log phase, and induced with 0.1-0.2 mM IPTG at 28.degree. C. for 12 hrs. (5) The cells are collected and the target protein size and expression is verified by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis (see FIG. 2).

[0016] Yet a further embodiment of the current invention relates to the application of nitrilase catalysis for the synthesis of II. Specifically, the engineered strain was fermented to obtain nitrilase-containing wet cells, which was used as the catalyst for the hydrolysis of racemic 2-isobutylsuccinimide in a pH 5.0-10.0 buffer (preferably in 100 mM, pH 8.0 Tris-HCl buffer) at 25-45.degree. C. and stirred at 150 rpm (preferably at 30.degree. C. and 150 rpm). After the hydrolysis is complete, II is isolated from the reaction mixture. The amount of catalyst used is 50 g/L of buffer based on the weight of the wet cells. The concentration of the substrate is 0.15-1.5 mol/L (preferably 0.7-1.2 mol/ L).

[0017] The catalyst in the current invention is prepared as following: The nitrilase-containing engineered strain, preferably E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET28b(+)-Aa-Nit, is inoculated into a liquid LB broth containing 50 .mu.g/mL of kanamycin and grown for 12 hr at 37.degree. C. The cultured broth was inoculated into a fresh liquid LB broth containing 50 .mu.g/mL of kanamycin at 2% (v/v). The strain was grown at 37.degree. C. until the cell concentration (OD.sub.600) ca. 0.6 (0.4-0.8), and IPTG was then added to a final concentration of 0.2 mM to induce the protein expression 28.degree. C. for 12 hr. After centrifugation at 4.degree. C., 12000 rpm for 5 min, the wet cells are collected as catalyst.

[0018] A further embodiment of the current invention relates to the separation and purification method of II. After the reaction, the reaction mixture is centrifuged to remove E. coli. The supernatant is evaporated to 1/3 of the original volume. The temperature was maintained at 80.degree. C. for 40 min to denature the proteins before the removal of the proteins through centrifugation. A preferred method of protein removal is through a further vacuum filtration. The filtrate is extracted with ethyl acetate (2.times. volume). The aqueous layer is acidified with 2 M HCl to pH 4.0. Extraction with ethyl acetate (2 volumes), followed by evaporation of ethyl acetate on rotavap, affords II as an oil.

[0019] The current invention provides a region- and stereo-selective enzyme for the manufacturing of II through hydrolysis of IBSN. The resting cells containing nitrilase Aa-Nit can kinetically resolve IBSN at 1.2 M with the conversion rate of 42% in 15 hr and ee>99%. The current invention provides an atom economical, mild, environmental friendly industrial method to manufacture II.

ILLUSTRATIONS

[0020] FIG. 1. Nitrilase Aa-Nit catalyzed kinetic resolution of IBSN.

[0021] FIG. 2. SDS-PAGE analysis of Nitrilase Aa-Nit. M: Molecular weight of proteins; 1: Induced expression of the target protein.

[0022] FIG. 3. Gas chromatography of nitrilase Aa-Nit catalyzed kinetic resolution of IBSN.

[0023] FIG. 4. Optimization of the pH of the reaction system.

[0024] FIG. 5. Optimization of the temperature of the reaction system.

EXAMPLES

[0025] The following examples are for the illustration of the current invention and in no way represents the scope of the current invention.

[0026] The main experimental materials were purchased from the following sources:

TABLE-US-00001 E. coli host strain: E. coli BL21 (DE3) Invitrogen Expression vector pEt-28b(+) Novagen Restriction endonucleases Xho I and Xba I Fermentas T4 DNA ligase TaKaRa Kanamycin TaKaRa IPTG Promega DNA marker and stain GoldView TaKaRa DNA gel extraction kit Axygen PCR Clean-up kit Axygen Plasmid extraction kit Axygen

Example 1

[0027] Preparation of Nitrilase Aa-Nit

[0028] (1) Nitrilase Aa-Nit amino acid sequence and nucleic acid sequence. A nitrilase amino acid sequence (Genbank No. KFK44999.1) was obtained via screening nitrilase gene sequence from protein database PDB and NCBI. The nitrilase comes from Arabis alpina, a plant belong to genus Arabis, family Brassicaceae. Based on the amino acid sequence of nitrilase, optimized codons from E. coli preferred codons, and the characteristics of vector pET28b(+), restriction enzyme cutting sites Xho I and Xba I were selected. The nitrilase-coding nucleic acid (shown in SEQ ID No. 2) and the coded amino acid sequence (shown in SEQ ID No. 1) were synthesized.

[0029] (2) Construction of recombinant strain. The nucleic acid segment was treated with restriction endonucleases Xho I and Xba I and recovered. The recovered gene and commercial vector pET28b(+) (pre-treated with restriction endonucleases Xho I and Xba I) were treated with T4 DNA ligase for 16 hr at 16.degree. C. to give Intracellular recombinant expression vector pET28b(+)-Aa-Nit, which was introduced into E. coli BL21 (DE3) (Invitrogen), which was then spread onto a LB agar-plate containing 50 .mu.g/ml of kanamycin and grown overnight at 37.degree. C. The strains grown on the plate was randomly selected and the plasmid was extracted for agarose gel electrophoresis.

[0030] (3) Induced expression of nitrilase Aa-Nit. The recombinant genetically engineered E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET28b(+)-Aa-Nit was inoculated into a liquid LB broth containing 50 .mu.g/mL of kanamycin and grown for 12 hr at 37.degree. C. The LB broth was inoculated into a fresh liquid LB broth containing 50 .mu.g/mL of kanamycin at 2% (v/v). The strain was grown at 37.degree. C. until the cell concentration (OD.sub.600) reached 0.6 and IPTG was then added to a final concentration of 0.2 mM to induce the protein expression 28.degree. C. for 12 hr and then centrifuged at 4.degree. C. at 12000 rpm for 5 min. The wet cells are collected (resting cells, used for hydrolysis). The wet cells were washed with physiological saline twice, mixed well, and the cell solution was analyzed with SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The results are shown in FIG. 2.

Example 2

[0031] Catalysis with Nitrilase Aa-Nit-Containing Resting Cells

[0032] The optimal pH, temperature, pH stability and substrate tolerance were investigated.

[0033] Reaction mixture (10 mL) was composed of buffer solution (10 mL, buffer), racemic IBSN (substrate), and wet resting cells (catalyst). The substrate's concentration was 0.4 mol/L. The catalyst quantity was 20 g of wet resting cells/L. The resting cells contained 70-90% of water. The reaction was initiated in a water bath shaker at 150 rpm for 0.5 hr and terminated with 2M HCl. The conversion rate was obtained with gas chromatography to ascertain the catalytic activity of the resting cells under various conditions.

[0034] (1) Determination of optimal pH. With the catalysis system defined above, the conversion rate of racemic IBSN was determined under various pH values (pH=5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, and 10) at 30.degree. C. with substrate concentration at 0.4 mol/L and wet resting cells at 20 g/L. The buffers for various pH were acetic acid buffer (pH=5.0-6.0), sodium phosphate buffer (pH=6.0-7.2), Tris-HCl buffer (pH=7.0-9.0), and Gly-NaOH buffer (pH=9.0 -10. 0).

[0035] (2) Determination of optimal reaction temperature. With the catalysis system defined above, the reaction was carried out at various temperatures (25, 30, 35, 40, and 45.degree. C.) in Tris-HCl buffer (100 mM, pH=8.0) with the substrate concentration at 0.4 mol/L and wet resting cells of 20 g/L. The conversion rate of racemic IBSN was determined.

[0036] (3) Determination of tolerance for maximal substrate concentration. With the catalysis system defined above, the reaction was carried out at various substrate concentrations (150 mM, 300 mM, 450 mM, 600 mM, 700 mM, 1 M, 1.2 M, and 1.5 M) in 10 mL of Tris-HCl buffer (100 mM, pH=8.0) with wet resting cells of 20 g/L. The conversion rate of racemic IBSN was determined.

[0037] The results show that nitrilase Aa-Nit-containing resting cells exhibit highest catalytic activity at pH 8.0, and the optimal reaction temperature is 30.degree. C. The maximal substrate concentration tolerated is 1.2 M.

Example 3

[0038] Application of Nitrilase Aa-Nit-Containing Resting Cells

[0039] Kinetic resolution of racemic IBSN. The reaction is shown in FIG. 1. To a Tris-HCl buffer (10 mL, 100 mM, pH 8.0) was added racemic IBSN to reach 1.2 M, and 0.5 g of wet resting cells prepared in Example 1. The mixture was shaken at 30.degree. C. for 15 hr in a water bath shaker. A 500 .mu.L sample was taken every 3 hr and the reaction was quenched with 200 .mu.L of 2 M HCl. The mixture was extracted with 800 .mu.L of ethyl acetate, shaken, and centrifuged (12000.times. g, 2 min). The supernatant was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and analyzed with gas chromatography.

[0040] (1) Determination of conversion rate and ee value with chiral gas chromatography. The amount of substrate and product present in the extract was determined with chiral gas chromatography (GC-14 C, Shimadzu, Japan). The capillary tube was BGB-174 (BGB Analytik, Switzerland). Gas chromatography conditions are below:

TABLE-US-00002 Sample amount 1 .mu.L Inlet and detector temperature 220.degree. C. Column temperature 160.degree. C. Carrier gas Helium Flow rate 1.6 mL/min Split ratio 30:1

The conversion rate and ee value were calculated according to literature method reported by Rakels et al. (Enzyme Microb Technol, 1993, 15: 1051).

[0041] (2) Isolation and purification of II. After the reaction, the reaction mixture is centrifuged to remove E. coli. The supernatant is evaporated to 1/3 of the original volume.

[0042] The temperature was maintained at 80.degree. C. for 40 min to denature the proteins before the removal of the denatured proteins through centrifugation. The supernatant was vacuum filtered to remove more proteins. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate (2.times. volume). The aqueous layer is acidified with 2 M HCl to pH 4.0. Extraction with ethyl acetate (2.times. volume), followed by evaporation of ethyl acetate on rotavap, affords II as an oil (ee>99.5%).

[0043] The results show that the resting cells containing nitrilase Aa-Nit can kinetically resolve IBSN at 1.2 M with the conversion rate at 42% in 15 hr and ee.sub.p>99%. Thus, nitrilase Aa-Nit catalysis disclosed in the current invention provides a mild method to manufacture II with high conversion rate and optical purity.

[0044] It is understood that the working examples are only for illustration so that those skilled in the art would understand the current invention and be able to reduce the current invention to practice. These examples are in no way to limit the scope and extent of the current invention. Any equivalent modifications or changes based on the current invention should be covered by the current invention.

REFERENCES CITED

[0045] Enzyme Microb Technol, 1993, 15: 1051

[0046] Org. Process Res. Dev. 2008, 12: 392-398

[0047] Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47: 3500-3504

[0048] J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym. 2006, 41: 75-80

[0049] WO2005100580

Sequence CWU 1

1

21346PRTArabis alpina 1Met Ser Gly Lys Glu Glu Met Ser Ser Val Lys Asn Thr Thr Pro Ala 1 5 10 15 Asn Gly Val Ala Pro Ser Ser Ile Val Arg Ala Ser Ile Val Gln Ala 20 25 30 Ser Thr Val Tyr Asn Asn Thr Pro Ala Thr Leu Glu Lys Ala Glu Lys 35 40 45 Leu Ile Ala Glu Ala Ala Ser Asn Gly Ser Lys Leu Val Val Phe Pro 50 55 60 Glu Ala Phe Ile Gly Gly Tyr Pro Arg Gly Phe Arg Phe Gly Ile Gly 65 70 75 80 Val Gly Val His Asn Glu Asp Gly Arg Asp Glu Phe Arg Asn Tyr His 85 90 95 Ala Ser Ala Ile Arg Val Pro Gly Pro Glu Val Glu Lys Leu Ala Glu 100 105 110 Val Ala Gly Lys Asn Asn Val Tyr Leu Val Met Gly Ala Ile Glu Lys 115 120 125 Asp Gly Tyr Thr Leu Tyr Cys Thr Ala Leu Phe Phe Ser Ser Gln Gly 130 135 140 Leu Phe Leu Gly Lys His Arg Lys Leu Met Pro Thr Ser Leu Glu Arg 145 150 155 160 Cys Ile Trp Gly Tyr Gly Asp Gly Ser Thr Ile Pro Val Tyr Asp Thr 165 170 175 Pro His Gly Lys Leu Gly Ala Ala Ile Cys Trp Glu Asn Arg Met Pro 180 185 190 Leu Tyr Arg Thr Ala Leu Tyr Ala Lys Gly Val Glu Ile Tyr Cys Ala 195 200 205 Pro Thr Ala Asp Gly Ser Lys Glu Trp Gln Ser Ser Met Leu His Ile 210 215 220 Ala Leu Glu Gly Gly Cys Phe Val Leu Ser Ala Cys Gln Phe Cys Arg 225 230 235 240 Arg Lys Asp Phe Pro Asp His Pro Asp Tyr Leu Phe Thr Asp Trp Asp 245 250 255 Asp Asn Gln Glu Asp His Ala Ile Val Ser Gln Gly Gly Ser Val Ile 260 265 270 Ile Ser Pro Leu Gly Gln Val Leu Ala Gly Pro Asn Phe Glu Ser Glu 275 280 285 Gly Leu Val Thr Ala Asp Leu Asp Leu Gly Asp Val Ala Arg Ala Lys 290 295 300 Leu Tyr Phe Asp Val Val Gly His Tyr Ser Lys Pro Glu Val Phe Asn 305 310 315 320 Leu Thr Val Asn Glu Asp Arg Lys Lys Pro Val Thr Phe Val Ser Lys 325 330 335 Val Glu Lys Ala Glu Asp Glu Pro Lys Lys 340 345 21038DNAArabis alpina 2atgtctggta aagaagaaat gtcttctgtt aaaaacacca ccccggctaa cggtgttgct 60ccgtcttcta tcgttcgtgc ttctatcgtt caggcttcta ccgtttacaa caacaccccg 120gctaccctgg aaaaagctga aaaactgatc gctgaagctg cttctaacgg ttcgaagctg 180gttgtattcc cggaagcgtt catcggcggt tacccacgtg gctttaggtt cggtataggt 240gttggtgttc acaacgaaga cggtcgtgac gaattccgta actaccacgc ttctgctatc 300cgtgttccgg gtccggaagt tgaaaaactg gctgaagttg ctggtaaaaa caacgtttac 360ctggttatgg gtgctatcga aaaagacggt tacaccctgt actgcaccgc tctgttcttc 420tcttctcagg gtctgttcct gggtaaacac cgtaaactga tgccgacctc tctggaacgt 480tgcatctggg gttacggtga cggttcgact atcccggtgt acgacacacc gcacggtaaa 540ctgggtgctg ctatctgctg ggaaaaccgt atgccgctgt accgtaccgc tctgtacgct 600aaaggtgttg aaatctactg cgctccgacc gctgacggtt ctaaagaatg gcagtcttct 660atgctgcaca tcgctctgga aggtggttgc ttcgttctgt ctgcttgcca gttctgccgt 720cgtaaagact tcccggacca cccggactac ctgttcaccg actgggacga caaccaggaa 780gaccacgcta tcgtttctca gggtggttct gttatcatct ctccgctggg tcaggttctg 840gctggtccga acttcgaatc tgaaggtctg gttaccgctg acctggacct gggtgacgtt 900gctcgtgcta aactgtactt cgacgttgtt ggtcactact ctaaaccgga agttttcaac 960ctgaccgtta acgaagaccg taaaaaaccg gttaccttcg tttctaaagt tgaaaaagct 1020gaagacgaac cgaaaaaa 1038

Claims

1. An Arabis alpina nitrilase comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 1.

2. A nitrilase encoding gene comprising the nucleoside sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 2.

3. A recombinant vector comprising the nitrilase encoding gene of claim 2.

4. A recombinant bacterial strain comprising the recombinant vector of claim 3.

5. A method of producing (S)-3-cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid comprising hydrolysis of racemic 2-isobutylsuccinimide by the nitrilase of claim 1.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein a nitrilase gene-containing, recombinant bacterial strain is fermented and grown to provide wet cells comprising the nitrilase

7. The method of claim 6, where the amount of nitrilase gene-containing, recombinant bacterial strain used for hydrolysis is 50 g/L based on the weight of the wet cells.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein (a) the nitrilase gene-containing recombinant bacterial strain is inoculated into a liquid LB broth containing 50 .mu.g/mL of kanamycin and is grown for 12 hr at 37.degree. C.; (b) the LB broth of step (a) is inoculated into fresh liquid LB broth containing 50 .mu.g/mL of kanamycin at 2% (v/v); (c) the nitrilase gene-containing, recombinant bacterial strain is grown to cell concentration (OD.sub.600) 0.4-0.8 at 37.degree. C.; IPTG is added to the LB broth of step (b) until the concentration reaches 0.2 mM, (d) the nitrilase-gene containing, recombinant bacterial strain is induced to grow at 28.degree. C. for 12 hr; the LB broth of step (c) is centrifuged at 4.degree. C. at 12000 rpm for 5 min; and (e) the wet cells are collected.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein hydrolysis of racemic 2-isobutylsuccinimide takes place at a pH 5.0-10.0 buffer, at 25-45.degree. C. while stirring at 150 rpm

10. The method of claim 6, wherein (S)-3-cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid is isolated and purified from the reaction mixture following hydrolysis.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein the concentration of racemic 2-isobutylsuccinimide is 0.15-1.5 mol/L.

Images