FIBROMODULIN PEPTIDE

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a method of making a fibromodulin peptide (FMOD-P), compositions thereof, and methods of using the FMOD-P and the compositions thereof for treating or ameliorating a condition.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO THE RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/322,124, filed on Mar. 14, 2012, which is a national phase application under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.371(c) of International Application No. PCT/US10/36262, filed on May 26, 2010, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/181,226, filed on May 26, 2009. The teachings of these applications are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention generally relates to fibromodulin and a peptide thereof and methods of making and using the same.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Fibromodulin (FMOD) is a member of small leucine rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. Fibromodulin is a cytosolic secreted protein with an expression pattern restricted mainly to cartilage, bone, connective tissue, and tissue rich in collagen (Heinegard, Larsson et al. 1986). Fibromodulin is involved in fibrillogenesis, cell adhesion, and cytokine activity modulation (Yamaguchi, Mann et al. 1990; Hildebrand, Romaris et al. 1994). Previous studies shown that FMOD can combine with both transforming growth factor (TGF)-.beta. isoforms and collagens (Hedbom and Heinegard 1989; Hildebrand, Romaris et al. 1994) to modulate the extracellular matrix. TGF-.beta. is a profibrotic factor that increases fibroblast proliferation, stimulates the synthesis and deposition of connective tissue, and inhibits connective tissue breakdown (Gharaee-Kermani, Hu et al. 2009). Kalamaj ski and Oldberg reported that FMOD binds type I collagen via glu-353 and lys-355 in leucine-rich repeat 11 locates in the C-terminal of the protein (Kalamajski and Oldberg 2007). Svensson et al., have reported that FMOD functions in the assembly of the collagen network in connective tissues and that mice lacking a functional fibromodulin gene exhibit an altered morphological phenotype in tail tendon with fewer and abnormal collagen fiber bundles (Svensson, Aszodi et al. 1999).

[0004] It is an objective of the present invention to generate a FMOD-P that binds TGF-.beta. and modulates in vitro TGF-.beta. activity. It is another objective of the present invention to provide a composition for treating, preventing, or ameliorating a body condition by modulating TGF-.beta. activities and/or collagen assembly.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] In one aspect of the present invention, it is provided a method of making an isolated fibromodulin (FMOD) peptide (FMOD-P), the method comprising:

[0006] designing a FMOD-P having the function to bind at least one beta-tissue growth factor (TGF-.beta.), and preparing the FMOD-P, wherein FMOD-P is an isoform of a full length FMOD and has consists of an amino acid sequence up to 91 amino acids in length.

[0007] In some embodimetns of the invention method, optionally in combination with any or all the various embodiments described hereint, the FMOD-P consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 6 0, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, and SEQ ID NO: 63.

[0008] In some embodimetns of the invention method, optionally in combination with any or all the various embodiments described hereint, preparing comprises splicing FMOD at one or more selected sites to generate the FMOD-P.

[0009] In some embodimetns of the invention method, optionally in combination with any or all the various embodiments described hereint, preparing comprises:

[0010] expressing the isolated FMOD-P in a recombinant system; or producing the isolated FMOD-P in a cell free translation system.

[0011] In some embodimetns of the invention method, optionally in combination with any or all the various embodiments described hereint, preparing comprises expressing the isolated FMOD-P in a bacterial, yeast, mammalian, or plant cell.

[0012] In some embodimetns of the invention method, optionally in combination with any or all the various embodiments described hereint, designing is achieved by hydrophobic analysis of a primary or secondary structure of FMOD.

[0013] In another aspect of the present invention, it is provided another method, the method comprising:

[0014] providing an ingredient selected from any of the following:

[0015] a) an isolated FMOD-P;

[0016] b) a combination of isolated FMOD-P;

[0017] c) an isolated FMOD-P or a combination of isolated FMOD-P and at least one TGF-.beta. isoform;

[0018] d) isolated FMOD and an isolated FMOD-P or a combination of isolated FMOD-P; and

[0019] e) any combination of a)-(d),

[0020] forming a composition comprising any of ingredients a)-(e),

[0021] wherein FMOD-P is an isoform of a full length FMOD and consists of an amino acid sequence up to 91 amino acids in length,

[0022] wherein the at least one TGF-.beta. isoform is selected from the group consisting of TGF-.beta.1, TGF-.beta.2, TGF-.beta.3, and a combination thereof, and

[0023] wherein the FMOD-P is capable of binding to at least one TGF-.beta. isoform.

[0024] In some embodimetns of the invention method, optionally in combination with any or all the various embodiments described hereint, forming further comprises:

[0025] providing an excipient, and

[0026] forming a formulation comprising the ingredient and the excipient.

[0027] In some embodimetns of the invention method, optionally in combination with any or all the various embodiments described hereint, the FMOD-P consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 6 0, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, and SEQ ID NO: 63.

[0028] In some embodimetns of the invention method, optionally in combination with any or all the various embodiments described hereint, the FMOD consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO.2, SEQ ID NO.3, SEQ ID NO.4, SEQ ID NO.5, SEQ ID NO.6, SEQ ID NO.7, SEQ ID NO.8, SEQ ID NO.9, SEQ ID NO. 10, SEQ ID NO. 11, and SEQ ID NO. 12.

[0029] In a further aspect of the present invention, it is provided a method for treating, preventing, or ameliorating a body condition, the method comprising administering a composition to a subject, wherein the composition comprises an effective amount of any of the following ingredients:

[0030] a) an isolated FMOD-P;

[0031] b) a combination of isolated FMOD-P;

[0032] c) an isolated FMOD-P or a combination of isolated FMOD-P and at least one TGF-.beta. isoform;

[0033] d) isolated FMOD and an isolated FMOD-P or a combination of isolated FMOD-P; and

[0034] e) any combination of (a)-(d),

[0035] wherein FMOD-P is an isoform of a full length FMOD and consists of an amino acid sequence up to 91 amino acids in length,

[0036] wherein FMOD-P is an isoform of FMOD having a shorter amino acid sequence than that of FMOD, wherein the at least one TGF-.beta. isoform is selected from the group consisting of TGF-.beta.1, TGF-.beta.2, TGF-.beta.3, and a combination thereof, wherein the FMOD-P is capable of binding to at least one TGF-.beta. isoform, and

[0037] wherein the composition is suitable for systemic or local delivery and comprises the composition and an excipient.

[0038] In some embodimetns of the invention method, optionally in combination with any or all the various embodiments described hereint, the body condition is selected from the group consisting of excessive fibrosis or scar formation that are associated with high TGF-.beta. expression, hypertrophic scars, keloids, radiation fibrosis, and fibrotic conditions in organ systems other than skin.

[0039] In some embodimetns of the invention method, optionally in combination with any or all the various embodiments described hereint, the body condition is pulmonary fibrosis or a liver, kidney, cornea, intra-abdominal, gastrointestinal, urological, neurological, or cardiovascular condition.

[0040] In some embodimetns of the invention method, optionally in combination with any or all the various embodiments described hereint, the FMOD-P consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 6 0, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, and SEQ ID NO: 63.

[0041] In some embodimetns of the invention method, optionally in combination with any or all the various embodiments described hereint, the FMOD consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO.2, SEQ ID NO.3, SEQ ID NO.4, SEQ ID NO.5, SEQ ID NO.6, SEQ ID NO.7, SEQ ID NO.8, SEQ ID NO.9, SEQ ID NO. 10, SEQ ID NO. 11, and SEQ ID NO. 12.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] FIG. 1 shows Plasmid pLZZF01.

[0043] FIG. 2 shows the identification of recombinant FMOD by SDS-PAGE (A) and Western blotting (B).

[0044] FIG. 3 shows the ELISA analysis of FMOD binding with TGF-.beta.1.

[0045] FIG. 4 shows the dimeric bovine tissue-extracted decorin, crystal form 2 (1xec).

[0046] FIG. 5 shows structural alignment between human FMOD (query: SEQ ID NO:67) and the template (1xec_A: SEQ ID NO:68). ACCI value indicated the relative solvent accessibility of each residue of the template, from low to high: *, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; SS and SS_QP indicated the known secondary structure of the template and predicted secondary structure of the FMOD, respectively; H: helix, E: sheet, and C: coil.

[0047] FIG. 6 shows the predicted 3D structure of recombinant human FMOD (AA 71-375). Yellow: sheet; red: helix; blue and white: coil.

[0048] FIG. 7 shows the predicted 3D structure of recombinant human FMOD (AA 71-375). Red: cysteines could build disulfide binds.

[0049] FIG. 8 shows the predicted 3D structure of recombinant human FMOD (AA 71-375) with molecular surface prediction, which was based on the Conolley Method.

Yellow: N-glycoside points.

[0050] FIG. 9 shows the predicted 3D structure of recombinant human FMOD (AA 71-375) with hydrophobicity. The hydrophobicity is increased from blue to red.

[0051] FIG. 10 shows the predicted 3D structure of recombinant human FMOD (AA 71-375) with electrostatic potential based on Coulomb method. Red: negative charged; blue: positive charged.

[0052] FIG. 11 shows the primary structure of human FMOD. C: Cysteines to build disulfide bind; N: N-glycoside points; L: leucine-rich repeat (LRR). Some invention FMOD peptides were designed from the primary structure of human FMOD.

[0053] FIG. 12 shows the ELISA analysis of some of the SUMO-fused FMOD peptide fragments binding with TGF-.beta.1.

[0054] FIG. 13 shows the binding activity of TGF-.beta.1 to FMOD and/or FMOD-P.

[0055] FIG. 14 shows the binding activity of TGF-.beta.2 to FMOD and/or FMOD-P.

[0056] FIG. 15 shows the binding activity of TGF-.beta.3 to FMOD and/or FMOD-P.

[0057] FIG. 16 shows the effect of TGF-.beta. combined with FMOD on cell proliferation

[0058] FIGS. 17A and 17B show the effect of TGF-.beta. combined with F07-C40 on cell proliferation.

[0059] FIG. 17C shows the effect of TGF-.beta. combined with F06-C40 on cell proliferation.

[0060] FIGS. 18A-18D shows the results of a few examples of tests on the effect of FMOD and/or TGF-.beta. on cell migration.

[0061] FIGS. 19A-19D show test results of cell migration/invasion in Matrigel at 200.times. magnificent after 24 hour treatment and quantitated using DAPI nuclear staining.

[0062] FIGS. 20A-20E show test results of cell migration/invasion in Matrigel at 100.times. magnificent after 24 hour treatment and quantitated using DAPI nuclear staining.

[0063] FIGS. 21A-21D show results of tests on the effect of FMOD and TGF-.beta. or FMOD peptides and TGF-.beta. on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression and cell aggregation.

[0064] FIG. 22 shows the results on H&E morphology of Rat-2 cells after FMOD, TGF-.beta.1, or FMOD and TGF-.beta.1 treatment.

[0065] FIGS. 23A-23E show the results of tests on effects of FMOD, alone or in combination with TGF-.beta. on expression of CTGF. FIG. 23A shows the results from 2-day control treatment. FIG. 23B shows the results from 2-day FMOD mono-treatment. FIG. 23C shows the results from 2-day TGF-.beta. mono-treatment. FIG. 23D shows the results from 2-day FMOD+TGF-.beta.1 combo-treatment. FIG. 23E shows a comparison chart of the results in FIGS. 23A-23D, respectively.

[0066] FIG. 24 shows that TGF-.beta.1 treatment increases expression of CTGF (green fluorescence), while TGF-.beta.1/FM26OD combo-treatment significantly increases expression of CTGF (green fluorescence) relative to TGF-.beta.1 mono-treatment.

[0067] FIGS. 25A-25D show the results of tests on effects of FMOD and TGF-.beta. or FMOD peptides and TGF-.beta. on .alpha.-smooth muscle actin (.alpha.-SMA) expression.

[0068] FIG. 25A shows the results from control tests, which shows minimal .alpha.-SMA staining. FIG. 25B shows the results from 200 nM FMOD treatment, which shows minimal .alpha.-SMA staining. FIG. 25C shows the results from 100 pM TGF-.beta.1 treatment, which shows moderate .alpha.-SMA staining. FIG. 25D shows the results from 100 pM TGF-.beta.1+200 nM FMOD treatment, which shows significantly increased .alpha.-SMA staining accompanied by increased cell density/cell aggregation.

[0069] FIGS. 26A-26B show the results of tests on healing by a FMOD-P.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0070] According to one aspect of the invention, it is provided a fibromodulin (FMOD) peptide (FMOD-P) comprising at least one site capable of binding to transforming growth factor-.beta. (TGF-.beta.). In some embodiments, the FMOD-P has an amino acid sequence selected from the group, but not limited to consisting of SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, and SEQ ID NO:63.

[0071] According to another aspect of the present invention, it is provided a composition. The composition comprises an effective amount of any of the following ingredients:

[0072] a) a FMOD-P;

[0073] b) a combination of FMOD-P;

[0074] c) a FMOD-P or a combination of FMOD-P and at least one TGF-.beta. isoform;

[0075] d) FMOD and at least one TGF-.beta. isoform;

[0076] e) FMOD and a FMOD-P or a combination of FMOD-P; and

[0077] f) any combination of (a)-(e),

[0078] wherein the composition is effective for modulating activities of TGF-.beta. and/or collagen assembly.

[0079] In some embodiments, the FMOD-P has an amino acid sequence selected from, but not limited to, the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, and SEQ ID NO:63.

[0080] In some further embodiments, a TGF-.beta. isoform is one of TGF-.beta.1 (SEQ ID NO:64), TGF-.beta.2 (SEQ ID NO:65), and TGF-133 (SEQ ID NO:66).

[0081] In some further embodiments, the composition further comprises an excipient. In some embodiment, the excipient is a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or dermatologically acceptable carrier.

[0082] The composition disclosed herein can be a formulated for systemic or local delivery. In some embodiments, local delivery is topical delivery, transdermal delivery, intradermal delivery, microneedle delivery, delivery as a coating on medical devices (e.g., cardiovascular stents, breast implants), or delivery by impregnating or coating on various scaffold devices (e.g., allograft dermis, Integra dermal regeneration template). In some further embodiments, systemic delivery is injection, oral administration, nasal delivery, or inhalation.

[0083] According to a further aspect of the present invention, it is provided a method of making a FMOD-P. The method comprises:

[0084] designing a FMOD-P having the function and at least one binding site of FMOD, and

[0085] preparing the FMOD-P.

[0086] In some embodiments, preparing comprises splicing FMOD at one or more selected sites to generate the FMOD-P.

[0087] In some embodiments, preparing comprises expressing the FMOD-P in a recombinant system, e.g., expressing the FMOD-P in a bacterial, yeast, mammalian, or plant cell or producing the peptide in a cell free system (e.g., a cell free translation system).

[0088] In some embodiments, preparing comprises synthesizing the FMOD-P using peptide synthesizer machines.

[0089] In some embodiments, designing comprises hydrophobic analysis of a primary or secondary structure of FMOD.

[0090] According to a further aspect of the present invention, it is provided a method of making a composition. The method comprises:

[0091] providing an ingredient selected from any of the following:

[0092] a) a FMOD-P;

[0093] b) a combination of FMOD-P;

[0094] c) a FMOD-P or a combination of FMOD-P and at least one TGF-.beta. isoform;

[0095] d) FMOD and at least one TGF-.beta. isoform;

[0096] e) FMOD and a FMOD-P or a combination of FMOD-P; and

[0097] f) any combination of (a)-(e), and

[0098] forming a composition comprising any of ingredients (a)-(f).

[0099] In some embodiments, the step forming further comprises: providing an excipient, and forming a formulation comprising the ingredient and the excipient.

[0100] According to a still further aspect of the present invention, it is provided a method of treating, preventing, or ameliorating a body condition. The method comprises administering to a subject:

[0101] a FMOD-P disclosed herein;

[0102] a composition disclosed herein; or

[0103] a formulation disclosed herein.

[0104] The body condition can be any condition in which modulation of TGF-.beta. activity and/or collagen assembly at ultra-, micro-, and macrostructural levels is desired, for example, such a condition can be one where modulation of TGF-.beta. activity and/or collagen assembly imparts a beneficial effect. Examples of such body conditions can be, diseases such as excessive fibrosis or scar formation that are associated with high TGF-.beta. expression, hypertrophic scars, keloids, radiation fibrosis, fibrotic conditions in organs systems other than skin conditions, such as, but not limited to lung (pulmonary fibrosis) (Gharaee-Kermani, Hu et al. 2009), liver, kidney, cornea, intra-abdominal, gastrointestinal, urological, neurological, or cardiovascular conditions.

[0105] The FMOD-P or a composition thereof can be applied to a patient through a suitable mode of delivery, e.g., topical application, injection, local delivery such as delivery via a drug-eluting stent, balloon, or catheter, or delivery through an inhaler. The smaller size of the novel FMOD peptides may make pulmonary delivery using inhalational techniques much more feasible than the much larger FMOD whole protein.

[0106] As used herein, the term "fibromodulin (FMOD)" (SEQ ID NO:1; Genebank NM_002023) refers to a fibromodulin molecule as generally known in the art. Examples of FMOD molecules are disclosed in (Heinegard, Larsson et al. 1986), as shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and SEQ ID NO:2 (Genebank BC035381), SEQ ID NO:3 (Genebank U05291), SEQ ID NO:4 (Genebank AK303866), SEQ ID NO:5 (Genebank AK172740), SEQ ID NO:6 (Genebank AK092999), SEQ ID NO:7 (Genebank AK027694), SEQ ID NO:8 (Genebank DQ892112), SEQ ID NO:9 (Genebank X72913), SEQ ID NO:10 (Genebank S75546), SEQ ID NO:11 (Genebank AY890642), SEQ ID NO:12 (Genebank AY893119). Information for these sequences is:

TABLE-US-00001 SEQ ID NO: 1: NH.sub.2-WTSLLLLAGLFSLSQAQYEDDPHWWFHYLRSQQSTYYDPYDPYPY ETYEPYPYGVDEGPAYTYGSPSPPDPRDCPQECDCPPNFPTAMYCD NRNLKYLPFVPSRMKYVYFQNNQITSIQEGVFDNATGLLWIALHGN QITSDKVGRKVFSKLRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMPGPLPRSLRELHLDH NQISRVPNNALEGLENLTALYLQHNEIQEVGSSMRGLRSLILLDLSY NHLRKVPDGLPSALEQLYMEHNNVYTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYVRLSH NSLTNNGLASNTFNSSSLLELDLSYNQLQKIPPVNTNLENLYLQGNR INEFSISSFCTVVDVVNFSKLQVLRLDGNEIKRSAMPADAPLCLRLA SLIEI-COOH SEQ ID NO: 2: NH.sub.2-MQWTSLLLLAGLFSLSQAQYEDDPHWWFHYLRSQQSTYYDPYDP YPYETYEPYPYGVDEGPAYTYGSPSPPDPRDCPQECDCPPNFPTAM YCDNRNLKYLPFVPSRMKYVYFQNNQITSIQEGVFDNATGLLWIAL HGNQ ITSDKVGRKVFSKLRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMPGPLPRSLRELHLDHN QISRVPNNALEGLENLTALYLQHNEIQEVGSSMRGLRSLILLDLSYN HLRKVPDGLPSALEQLYMEHNNVYTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYVRLSHN SLTNNGLASNTFNSSSLLELDLSYNQLQKIPPVNTNLENLYLQGNRI NEFSISSFCTVVDVVNFSKLQVLRLDGNEIKRSAMPADAPLCLRLAS LIEI-COOH SEQ ID NO: 3: NH.sub.2-YLQGNRINEFSISSFCTVVDVVNFSKLQVLRLDGNEIKRSAMP ADAPLCLRLASLIEI-COOH SEQ ID NO: 4: NH.sub.2-QWTSLLLLAGLFSLSQAQYEDDPHWWFHYLRSQQSTYYDPYDPYP YETYEPYPYGVDEGPAYTYGSPSPPDPRDCPQECDCPPNFPFVPSRM KYVYFQNNQITSIQEGVFDNATGLLWIALHGNQITSDKVGRKVFSK LRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMPGPLPRSLRELHLDHNQISRVPNNALEGL ENLTALYLQHNEIQEVGSSMRGLRSLILLDLSYNHLRKVPDGLPSA LEQLYMEHNNVYTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYVRLSHNSLTNNGLASNTF NSSSLLELDLSYNQLQKIPPVNT NLENLYLQGNRINEFSISSFCTVVDVVNFSKLQVLRLDGNEIKRSAM PADAPLCLRLASLIEI-COOH SEQ ID NO: 5: NH.sub.2-MKMTLIGGSTTSAASSPPTTIPMTLTRMRPTSLTPMGWMKGQPT PTALHLDHNQISRVPNNALEGLENLTAMYCDNRNLKYLPFVPSRMKYV YFQNNQITSIQEGVFDNATGLLWIALHGNQITSDKVGRKVFSKLRH LERLYLDHNNLTRMPGPLPRSLRELHLDHNQIPATAPRNATAHPTS PRPCTSNTMRSRKWAVP-COOH SEQ ID NO: 6: NH.sub.2-MKMTLIGGSTTSAASSPPTTIPMTLTRMRPTSLTPMGWMKGQPT PTALHPLQIPATAPRKVFSKLRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMPGPLPRSLREL HLDHNQISRVPNNALEGLENLTALYLQHNEIQEVGSSMRGLRSLILL DLSYNHLRKVPDGLPSALEQLYMEHNNVYTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYV RLSHNSLTNNGLASNTFNSSSLLELDLSYNQLQKIPPVNTNLENLYL QGNRINEFSISSFCTVVDVVNFSKLQVLRLDGNEIKRSAMPADAP LCLRLASLIEI-COOHSEQ SEQ ID NO: 7: NH.sub.2-MQWTSLLLLAGLFSLSQAQYEDDPHWWFHYLRSQQSTYYDPYDP YPYETYEPYPYGVDEGPAYTYGSPSPPDPRDCPQECDCPPNFPTAM YCDNRNLKYLPFVPSRMKYVYFQNNQITSIQEGVFDNATGLLWIAL HGNQITSDKVGRKVFSKLRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMPGPLPRSLRELH LDHNQISRVPNNALEGLENLTALYLQHNEIQEVGSSMRGLRSLILLD LSYNHLRKVPDGLPSALEQLYMEHNNVYTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYVR LSHNSLTNNGLASNTFNSSSLLELDLSYNQLQKIPPVNTNLENLYLQ GNRINEFSISSFCTVVDVVNFSKLQVLRLDGNEIKRSAMPADAPLCL RLASLIEI-COOH SEQ ID NO: 8: NH.sub.2-MQWTSLLLLAGLFSLSQAQYEDDPHWWFHYLRSQQSTYYDPYDP YPYETYEPYPYGVDEGPAYTYGSPSPPDPRDCPQECDCPPNFPTAM YCDNRNLKYLPFVPSRMKYVYFQNNQITSIQEGVFDNATGLLWIAL HGNQITSDKVGRKVFSKLRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMPGPLPRSLRELH LDHNQISRVPNNALEGLENLTALYLQHNEIQEVGSSMRGLRSLILLD LSYNHLRKVPDGLPSALEQLYMEHNNVYTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYVR LSHNSLTNNGLASNTFNSSSLLELDLSYNQLQKIPPVNTNLENLYLQ GNRINEFSISSFCTVVDVVNFSKLQVLRLDGNEIKRSAMPADAPLCL RLASLIEI-COOH SEQ ID NO: 9: NH.sub.2-MQWTSLLLLAGLFSLSQAQYEDDPHWWFHYLRSQQSTYYDPYDP YPYETYEPYPYGVDEGPAYTYGSPSPPDPRDCPQECDCPPNFPTAM YCDNRNLKYLPFVPSRMKYVYFQNNQITSIQEGVFDNATGLLWIAL HGNQITSDKVGRKVFSKLRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMPGPLPRSLRELH LDHNQISRVPNNALEGLENLTALYLQHNEIQEVGSSMRGLRSLYLL DLSYNHLRKVPDGLPSALEQLYMEHINNVYTVPDSYFRGAPKLLY VRLSHNSLTNNGLASNTFNSSSLLELDLSYNQLQKIPPVNTNLENLY LQGNRINEFSISSFCTVVDVVNFSQLQVVRLDGNEMKRSAMPAEAP LCLRLASLIEI-COOH SEQ ID NO: 10: NH.sub.2-MQWASLLLLAGLFSLSQAQYEDDPHWWFHYLRSQQSTYYDPYDP YPYETYEPYPYGVDEGPAYTYGSPSPPDPRDCPQECDCPPNFLTAM YCDNRNLKYPFVPSRMKYVYFQNNQITSIQEGVFDNATGLLWIAL HGNQITSDKVGRKVFSKLRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMPGPLPRSLRELH LDHNQISRVPNNALEGLENLTALYLQHDEIQEVGSSMRGLRSLILLD LSYNHLRKVPDGLPSALEQLYMEHNNVYTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYVRL SHNSLTNNGLASNTFNSSSLELDLSYNQLQKIPPVNTNLENLYLQGN RINEFSISSFCTVVDVVNFSKLQVVRLDGNEIKRSAMPADAPLCLRL ASLIEI-COOH SEQ ID NO: 11: NH.sub.2-MQWTSLLLLAGLFSLSQAQYEDDPHWWFHYLRSQQSTYYDPYDP YPYETYEPYPYGVDEGPAYTYGSPSPPDPRDCPQECDCPPNFPTAM YCDNRNLKYLPFVPSRMKYVYFQNNQITSIQEGVFDNATGLLWIAL HGNQITSDKVGRKVFSKLRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMPGPLPRSLRELH LDHNQISRVPNNALEGLENLTALYLQHNEIQEVGSSMRGLRSLILLD LSYNHLRKVPDGLPSALEQLYMEHNNVYTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYVR LSHNSLTNNGLASNTFNSSSLLELDLSYNQLQKIPPVNTNLENLYLQ GNRINEFSISSFCTVVDVVNFSKLQVLRLDGNEIKRSAMPADAPLCL RLASLIGI-COOH SEQ ID NO: 12: NH.sub.2-MQWTSLLLLAGLFSLSQAQYEDDPHWWFHYLRSQQSTYYDPYDP YPYETYEPYPYGVDEGPAYTYGSPSPPDPRDCPQECDCPPNFPTAM YCDNRNLKYLPFVPSRMKYVYFQNNQITSIQEGVFDNATGLLWIAL HGNQITSDKVGRKVFSKLRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMPGPLPRSLRELH LDHNQISRVPNNALEGLENLTALYLQHNEIQEVGSSMRGLRSLILLD LSYNHLRKVPDGLPSALEQLYMEHNNVYTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYVR LSHNSLTNNGLASNTFNSSSLLELDLSYNQLQKIPPVNTNLENLYLQ GNRINEFSISSFCTVVDVVNFSKLQVLRLDGNEIKRSAMPADAPLCL RLASLIEIL-COOH

[0107] As used herein, the term TGF-.beta. isoform refers to a TGF-.beta. peptide having a shorter amino acid sequence as compared to TGF-.beta. that retains the function and binding sites of TGF-.beta.. In some embodiments, the term TGF-.beta. isoform can be used interchangeably with the term TGF-.beta. peptide. Examples of such TGF-.beta. isoforms are TGF-.beta.-1 (SEQ ID NO:64), TGF-.beta.-2 (SEQ ID NO:65), and TGF-.beta.-3 (SEQ ID NO:66). Information for these sequences is:

TABLE-US-00002 SEQ ID NO: 64: NH.sub.2-ALDTNYCFSSTEKNCCVRQLYIDFRKDLGWKWIHEPKGYHANFCL GPCPYIWSLDTQYSKVLALYNQHNPGASAAPCCVPQALEPLPIVYY VGRKPKVEQLSNMIVRSCKCS-COOH SEQ ID NO: 65: NH.sub.2-QDNCCLRPLYIDFKRDLGWKWIHEPKGYNANFCAGACPYLWSSDT QHRVLSLYNTINPEASASPCCVSQDLEPLTI LYYIGKTPKIEQLSNMIVKSCKCS-COOH SEQ ID NO: 66: NH.sub.2-NCCVRPLYIDFRQDLGWKWVHEPKGYYANFCSGPCPYLRSA DTTHSTVLGLYNTLNPEASASPCCVPQDLEPLTILYYVGRTPKVEQL SNMVVKSCKCS-COOH

[0108] As used herein, the term "beneficial effect" refers to a biologically significant improvement of a body condition, which is readily ascertainable by a person of ordinary or specialized skill in the art, depending on the "beneficial effect" described. For instance, if the "beneficial effect" is improvement in scar appearance, then a person of ordinary skill can make that ascertainment. However, if the "beneficial effect" is decreased biliary stent stenosis or decreased coronary vessel stent stenosis or decreased intra-abdominal adhesions, then a person of specialized skill is required to make that ascertainment.

Fibromodulin Peptides

[0109] As used herein, the term fibromodulin peptide (FMOD-P) refers to a FMOD isoform having a shorter amino acid sequence as compared to FMOD that retains some of the function and binding sites of fibromodulin (FMOD) or perhaps novel function and binding sites not normally exposed in FMOD. In some embodiments, FMOD-P can be used interchangeably with the term FMOD isoform. Throughout the whole document of the instant application, FMOD-P is sometimes described as FMOD peptide(s), invention FMOD-P(s) or invention FMOD peptide(s).

[0110] In some embodiments, the term FMOD-P encompasses a functional or structural derivative of the invention FMOD-P. Such derivatives can be made by, e.g., derivatizing an invention FMOD-P by established methodology, e.g., chemical modification or physical modification. Chemical modification includes, e.g, modification using an acid, a base, esterification, PEGylation, or alkylation with a short chain alkyl group. Physical modification includes, e.g., heating, moisture treatment, light treatment, mechanical impact, etc.

[0111] Examples of FMOD-P include, but are not limited to, peptides of the following sequences: SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, and SEQ ID NO:63.

[0112] Sequence information for some of the amino acid sequences is listed as follows:

TABLE-US-00003 SEQ ID NO: 13: NH.sub.2-NRNLKYLKPFVPSRMK-COOH SEQ ID NO: 14: NH.sub.2-FQNNQITSIQEGVFDNATGLL-COOH SEQ ID NO: 15: NH.sub.2-NRNLKYLKPFVPSRMK-COOH SEQ ID NO: 16: NH.sub.2-YLRSQQSTYYDPYDPYPYETYEPYPYGVDEGPAYTY GSPSPPDPRDCPQECDCPPNFPTAMYCD-COOH SEQ ID NO: 17: NH.sub.2-PYGVDEGPAYTYGSPSPPDPRDCPQECDCPPNFPTAMYCD- COOH SEQ ID NO: 18: NH.sub.2-SRMKYVYFQNNQITSIQEGVFDNATGLLWIALHGNQITS- COOH SEQ ID NO: 19: NH.sub.2-NRNLKYLPFVPSRMKYVYFQNNQITSIQEGVFDNATGLLWIAL HGNQITS-COOH SEQ ID NO: 20: NH.sub.2-DKVGRKVFSKLRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMPGPLPRSLRELHLDHNQI- COOH SEQ ID NO: 21: NH.sub.2-SRVPNNALEGLENLTALYLQHNEIQEVGSSMRGLRSLILLDL SYNHLRKVPDGLPSALEQLYMEHNNV-COOH SEQ ID NO: 22: NH.sub.2-YTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYVRLSHNSLTNNGLASNTFNSSSLLELD LSYNQLQKIPPVNTNLENLYLQGNRI-COOH SEQ ID NO: 23: NH.sub.2-NEFSISSFCTVVDVVNFSKLQVLRLDGNEIKRSAMPADAPLCL RLASLIEI-COOH SEQ ID NO: 24: NH.sub.2-QWTSLLLLAGLFSLSQAQYEDDPHWWFHYLRSQQSTYYDP-COOH SEQ ID NO: 25: NH.sub.2-DDPHWWFHYLRSQQSTYYDPYDPYPYETYEPYPYGVDEGP-COOH SEQ ID NO: 26: NH.sub.2-DPRDCPQECDCPPNFPTAMYCDNRNLKYLPFVPSRMKYVYFQNNQ ITSIQ-COOH SEQ ID NO: 27: NH.sub.2-YGSPSPPDPRDCPQECDCPPNFPTAMYCDNRNLKYLPFVPSRMKY VYFQNN-COOH SEQ ID NO: 28: NH.sub.2-FPTAMYCDNRNLKYLPFVPSRMKYVYFQNNQITSIQEGVFDNATG LLWIA-COOH SEQ ID NO: 29: NH.sub.2-LLWIALHGNQITSDKVGRKVFSKLRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMPGPLP RSLRELHLDHNQI-COOH SEQ ID NO: 30: NH.sub.2-AYTYGSPSPPDPRDCPQECDCPPNFPTAMYCDNRNLKYLPFVPSR MKYVY-COOH SEQ ID NO: 31: NH.sub.2-SRVPNNALEGLENLTALYLQHNEIQEVGSSMRGLRSLILLDLSYN HL-COOH SEQ ID NO: 32: NH.sub.2-RKVPDGLPSALEQLYMEHNNVYTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYVRLSHNSL T-COOH SEQ ID NO: 33: NH.sub.2-NNGLASNTFNSSSLLELDLSYNQLQKIPPVNTNLENLYLQGNRI- COOH SEQ ID NO: 34: NH.sub.2-TSIQEGVFDNATGLLWIALHGNQITSDKVGRKVFSKLRHLERLYL DHNNL-COOH SEQ ID NO: 35: NH.sub.2-TRMPGPLPRSLRELHLDHNQISRVPNNALEGLENLTALYLQHNEI QE-COOH SEQ ID NO: 36: NH.sub.2-VGSSMRGLRSLILLDLSYNHLRKVPDGLPSALEQLYMEHNNV- COOH SEQ ID NO: 37: NH.sub.2-YTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYVRLSHNSLTNNGLASNTFNSSSLLELDLSY NQL-COOH SEQ ID NO: 38: NH.sub.2-QKIPPVNTNLENLYLQGNRINEFSISSFCTVVDVVNFSKLQVLR LDGNEI-COOH SEQ ID NO: 39: NH.sub.2-DKVGRKVFSKLRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMPGPLPRSLRELHLDHNQI SRVPNNALEGLEN-COOH SEQ ID NO: 40: NH.sub.2-NATGLLWIALHGNQITSDKVGRKVFSKLRHLERLYLDHNN-COOH SEQ ID NO: 41: NH.sub.2-NATGLLWIALHGNQITSDKVGRKVFSKLRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMP GPLPRSLRELHLDHNQISRVPNNALEGLEN-COOH SEQ ID NO: 42: NH.sub.2-NLTALYLQHNEIQEVGSSMRGLRSLILLDLSYNHLRKVPDGLP SALEQLYMEHNNVYTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYVRLSHNSLTNNGLASNTF N-COOH SEQ ID NO: 43: NH.sub.2-TRMPGPLPRSLRELHLDHNQISRVPNNALEGLENLTALYLQHNEI QEVGSSMRGLRSLILLDLSYNHL-COOH SEQ ID NO: 44: NH.sub.2-RKVPDGLPSALEQLYMEHNNVYTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYVRLSHNSL TNNGLASNTFN-COOH SEQ ID NO: 45: NH.sub.2-NSSSLLELDLSYNQLQKIPPVNTNLENLYLQGNRINEFSISSFC- COOH SEQ ID NO: 46: NH.sub.2-CTVVDVVNFSKLQVLRLDGNEIKRSAMPADAPLC-COOH SEQ ID NO: 47: NH.sub.2-QKIPPVNTNLENLYLQGNRINEFSISSFCTVVDVVNFSKLQVLR LDGNEIKRSAMPADAPLC-COOH SEQ ID NO: 48: NH.sub.2-CPQECDCPPNFPTAMYCDNRNLKYLPFVPSRMKYVYFQNNQI- COOH SEQ ID NO: 49: NH.sub.2-ATGLLWIALHGNQITSDKVGRKVFSKLRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMPG PLPRSLRELHLDHNQIS-COOH SEQ ID NO: 50: NH.sub.2-NLTRMPGPLPRSLRELHLDHNQISRVPNNALEGLENLTALYLQHNE IQE-COOH SEQ ID NO: 51: NH.sub.2-NLTRMPGPLPRSLRELHLDHNQISRVPNNALEGLEN- COOH SEQ ID NO: 52: NH.sub.2-GLPSALEQLYMEHNNVYTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYVRLSHNSLTNNGL AS-COOH SEQ ID NO: 53: NH.sub.2-HLDHNQISRVPNNALEGLENLTALYLQHNEIQEVGSSMRG-COOH SEQ ID NO: 54: NH.sub.2-FSKLQVLRLDGNEIKRSAMPADAPLCLRLASLIE-COOH SEQ ID NO: 55: NH.sub.2-PNNALEGLENLTALYLQHNEIQEVGSSMRGLRSLILLDL-COOH SEQ ID NO: 56: NH.sub.2-PDGLPSALEQLYMEHNNVYTVPDSYFRGAPKLLYVRLSHNSLTNN GLAS-COOH SEQ ID NO: 57: NH.sub.2-LLDLSYNHLRKVPDGLPSALEQLYMEHNNVYTVPDSYFRG-COOH SEQ ID NO: 58: NH.sub.2-SKLRHLERLYLDHNNLTRMPGPLPRSLRELHLDHNQISRVPNNAL EGLEN-COOH SEQ ID NO: 59: NH.sub.2-LRSLILLDLSYNHLRKVPDGLPSALEQLYMEHNNVYTVPD-COOH SEQ ID NO: 60: NH.sub.2-YVRLSHNSLTNNGLASNTFNSSSLLELDLSYNQLQKIPPV-COOH SEQ ID NO: 61: NH.sub.2-NNGLASNTFNSSSLLELDLSYNQLQKIPPVNTNLENLYLQ-COOH SEQ ID NO: 62: NH.sub.2-HWWFHYLRSQQSTYYDPYDPYPYETYEPYPYGVDEGPAYTYGSPS PPDPRD-COOH SEQ ID NO: 63: NH.sub.2-HNSLTNNGLASNTFNSSSLLELDLSYNQLQKIPPVNTNL-COOH

[0113] The FMOD-P disclosed herein can be made by a method comprising: designing a peptide having a shorter amino acid sequence as compared to FMOD that retains the function and binding sites of FMOD or perhaps novel function and binding sites not normally exposed in FMOD; and preparing the peptide.

[0114] In some embodiments, the act of designing can include steps of performing a hydrophobic analysis of a primary or secondary structure of FMOD and finding the binding site of FMOD.

[0115] In some embodiments, the act of preparing comprises splicing a FMOD at a specific site or sites so as to form a peptide as defined. Splicing a protein to form a peptide at a site or sites are well established laboratory techniques, which can be readily performed by a person of ordinary skill in the art.

[0116] In some further embodiments, the act preparing the peptide includes expressing the peptide in a recombinant system or producing the peptide in a cell free system (e.g., a cell free translation system). Such a recombinant system can be a bacteria, yeast, mammalian cell, or plant cell, which can be readily performed by a person of ordinary skill in the art.

[0117] In some other embodiments, preparing comprises synthesizing the FMOD-P using peptide synthesizer machines.

Compositions

[0118] The composition disclosed herein can include any of the following:

[0119] a) a FMOD-P;

[0120] b) a combination of FMOD-P;

[0121] c) a FMOD-P or a combination of FMOD-P and at least one TGF-.beta. isoform;

[0122] d) FMOD and at least one TGF-.beta. isoform;

[0123] e) FMOD and a FMOD-P or a combination of FMOD-P; and

[0124] f) any combination of (a)-(e).

[0125] In some embodiments, the TGF-.beta. isoform can be any TGF-.beta. peptide, e.g., TGF-.beta.1, TGF-.beta.2, TGF-.beta.3, or a combination of TGF-.beta.1, TGF-.beta.2, and TGF-.beta.3, such as (TGF-.beta.1+TGF-.beta.2), (TGF-.beta.1+TGF-.beta.3), or (TGF-.beta.2+TGF-.beta.3).

[0126] In the above compositions, the FMOD-P is as defined above. In some embodiments, the composition includes an effective amount of any of the above (a)-(e) elements.

[0127] The composition described herein can be formulated into any desired formulation. The composition can include materials and carriers to effect a desired formulation. For example, the composition can include an injectable or moldable material that can set within a pre-defined period of placement. Such a pre-defined period can be, e.g., 10 minutes, 30 minutes, one hour, two hours, etc.

[0128] In some embodiments, the composition can include a chemical gel that includes primary bonds formed due to changes in pH, ionic environment, and solvent concentration. Examples of such chemical gels can be, but are not limited to, polysaccharides such as chitosan, chitosan plus ionic salts such as beta-glycerophosphates, aginates plus Ba.sup.2+, Sr.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, collagen, fibrin, plasma or combinations thereof.

[0129] In some embodiments, the composition can include a physical gel that includes secondary bonds formed due to temperature changes. Examples of such physical gels can be, but are not limited to, alginate, poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PLGA-PEG) tri-block copolymers, agarose, and celluloses. In some embodiments, physical gels that can be used in the composition described herein can include physical gels that are liquid under high shear but gels to solid at low shear. Examples of such physical gels include, but are not limited to, hyaluronic acid, or polyethylene oxides. The physical gels can have pre-formed materials with pre-defined dimensions and shape.

[0130] In some embodiments, the composition described herein can include a material that degrades or releases active agents in response to a stimulus. Some examples of such stimuli are mechanical stimuli, light, temperature changes, pH changes, change of ionic strength, or electromagnetic field. Such materials are known in the art. Some examples of such materials are chitosan, alginates, pluronics, methyl cellulose, hyaluronic acids, and polyethylene oxides. Other examples are described by Brandl F, Sommer F, Goepferich A. "Rational design of hydrogels for tissue engineering: Impact of physical factors on cell behavior "in Biomaterials. Epub 2006 Sep. 29.

[0131] In some embodiments, the composition described herein can include a gel containing any of hydroxyapatites, apatites, tricalcium phosphates, calcium phosphates, bioactive glass, human allograft bone and cartilage, bovine bone and cartilage, or their mixtures thereof.

[0132] In some embodiments, the composition described herein including any of the gels described above can further include a crosslinker to further tailor degradation kinetics and controlled release. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the composition described herein can include an interpenetrating phase composite or interpenetrating network (IPN) that includes any of the above described gels. Some examples of the crosslinker includes, but are not limited to, common crosslinking agents (poly alkylene oxide, ethylene dimethacrylate, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, methylenebis(4-phenyl isocyanate), ethylene dimethacrylate, divinylbenzene, allyl methacrylate, carbodiimidazole, sulfonyl chloride, chlorocarbonates, n-hydroxysuccinimide ester, succinimidyl ester, epoxides, aryl halides, sulfasuccinimidyl esters, and maleimides); PEG based crosslinkers (e.g. MAL-dPEGx-NHS-esters, MAL-dPEGx acid, Bis-MAL-dPEGx, etc.) and photo/light activated crosslinkers, N-hydroxysuccinimide-based crosslinkers, dilysine, trilysine, and tetralysine.

[0133] The composition described herein can include a carrier. The carrier can be a polymeric carrier or non-polymeric carrier. In some embodiments, the carrier can be biodegradable, such as degradable by enzymatic or hydrolytic mechanisms. Examples of carriers include, but are not limited to synthetic absorbable polymers such as but not limited to poly(.alpha.-hydroxy acids) such as poly (L-lactide) (PLLA), poly (D, L-lactide) (PDLLA), polyglycolide (PGA), poly (lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA), poly (-caprolactone), poly (trimethylene carbonate), poly (p-dioxanone), poly (-caprolactone-co-glycolide), poly (glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonate) poly (D, L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate), polyarylates, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyanhydrides, poly (anhydride-co-imide), propylene-co-fumarates, polylactones, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyanionic polymers, polyanhydrides, polyester-amides, poly(amino-acids), homopolypeptides, poly(phosphazenes), poly (glaxanone), polysaccharides, and poly(orthoesters), polyglactin, polyglactic acid, polyaldonic acid, polyacrylic acids, polyalkanoates; copolymers and admixtures thereof, and any derivatives and modifications. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,563,489, and PCT Int. Appl. No. WO/03024316, herein incorporated by reference. Other examples of carriers include cellulosic polymers such as, but not limited to alkylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, and their cationic salts. Other examples of carriers include synthetic and natural bioceramics such as, but not limited to calcium carbonates, calcium phosphates, apatites, bioactive glass materials, and coral-derived apatites. See for example U.S. Patent Application 2002187104; PCT Int. Appl. WO/9731661; and PCT Int. Appl. WO/0071083, herein incorporated by reference.

[0134] In one embodiment, the carrier can further be coated by compositions, including bioglass and or apatites derived from sol-gel techniques, or from immersion techniques such as, but not limited to simulated body fluids with calcium and phosphate concentrations ranging from about 1.5 to 7-fold the natural serum concentration and adjusted by various means to solutions with pH range of about 2.8-7.8 at temperature from about 15-65 degrees C. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,426,114 and 6,013,591; and PCT Int. Appl. WO/9117965 herein incorporated by reference.

[0135] Other examples of carriers include, collagen (e.g. Collastat, Helistat collagen sponges), hyaluronan, fibrin, chitosan, alginate, and gelatin. See for example, PCT Int. Appls. WO/9505846; WO/02085422, herein incorporated by reference.

[0136] In one embodiment, the carrier can include heparin-binding agents; including but not limited to heparin-like polymers e.g. dextran sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, heparin sulfate, fucan, alginate, or their derivatives; and peptide fragments with amino acid modifications to increase heparin affinity. See for example, Journal of Biological Chemistry (2003), 278(44), p. 43229-43235, herein incorporated by reference.

[0137] In one embodiment, the composition can be in the form of a liquid, solid or gel. In one embodiment, the substrate can include a carrier that is in the form of a flowable gel. The gel can be selected so as to be injectable, such as via a syringe at the site where cartilage formation is desired. The gel can be a chemical gel which can be a chemical gel formed by primary bonds, and controlled by pH, ionic groups, and/or solvent concentration. The gel can also be a physical gel which can be formed by secondary bonds and controlled by temperature and viscosity. Examples of gels include, but are not limited to, pluronics, gelatin, hyaluronan, collagen, polylactide-polyethylene glycol solutions and conjugates, chitosan, chitosan & b-glycerophosphate (BST-gel), alginates, agarose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polylactides/glycolides in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. See for example, Anatomical Record (2001), 263(4), 342-349, herein incorporated by reference.

[0138] In one embodiment, the carrier can be photopolymerizable, such as by electromagnetic radiation with wavelength of at least about 250 nm. Example of photopolymerizable polymers include polyethylene (PEG) acrylate derivatives, PEG methacrylate derivatives, propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol derivatives, PEG-co-poly(-hydroxy acid) diacrylate macromers, and modified polysaccharides such as hyaluronic acid derivatives and dextran methacrylate. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,410,016, herein incorporated by reference.

[0139] In one embodiment, the composition can include a carrier that is temperature sensitive. Examples include carriers made from N-isopropylacrylamide (NiPAM), or modified NiPAM with lowered lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and enhanced peptide (e.g. NELL1) binding by incorporation of ethyl methacrylate and N-acryloxysuccinimide; or alkyl methacrylates such as butylmethacrylate, hexylmethacrylate and dodecylmethacrylate. PCT Int. Appl. WO/2001070288; U.S. Pat. No. 5,124,151 herein incorporated by reference.

[0140] In one embodiment, where the carrier can have a surface that is decorated and/or immobilized with cell adhesion molecules, adhesion peptides, and adhesion peptide analogs which can promote cell-matrix attachment via receptor mediated mechanisms, and/or molecular moieties which can promote adhesion via non-receptor mediated mechanisms binding such as, but not limited to polycationic polyamino-acid-peptides (e.g. poly-lysine), polyanionic polyamino-acid-peptides, Mefp-class adhesive molecules and other DOPA-rich peptides (e.g. poly-lysine-DOPA), polysaccharides, and proteoglycans. See for example, PCT Int. Appl. WO/2004005421; WO/2003008376; WO/9734016, herein incorporated by reference.

[0141] In one embodiment, the carrier can include various naturally occurring matrices or their components such as devitalized cartilage matrix, demineralized bone matrix, or other components derived from allograft, xenograft, or any other naturally occurring material derived from Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, or Animalia kingdoms.

[0142] In one embodiment, the carrier can include one or more sequestering agents such as, but not limited to, collagen, gelatin, hyaluronic acid, alginate, poly(ethylene glycol), alkylcellulose (including hydroxyalkylcellulose), including methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose, blood, fibrin, polyoxyethylene oxide, calcium sulfate hemihydrate, apatites, carboxyvinyl polymer, and poly(vinyl alcohol). See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,620,406, herein incorporated by reference.

[0143] In one embodiment, the carrier can include surfactants to promote stability and/or distribution of FMOD-P, FMOD, and/or TGF-.beta. isoform within the carrier materials such as, but not limited to polyoxyester (e.g. polysorbate 80, polysorbate 20 or Pluronic F-68).

[0144] In one embodiment, the carrier can include buffering agents such as, but not limited to glycine, glutamic acid hydrochloride, sodium chloride, guanidine, heparin, glutamic acid hydrochloride, acetic acid, succinic acid, polysorbate, dextran sulfate, sucrose, and amino acids. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,385,887, herein incorporated by reference. In one embodiment, the carrier can include a combination of materials such as those listed above. By way of example, the carrier can be a PLGA/collagen carrier membrane. The membrane can be soaked in a solution including FMOD-P, FMOD, and/or TGF-.beta. isoform.

[0145] An implant can include a substrate formed into the shape of a stent, mesh, pin, screw, plate, or prosthetic joint. An implant can include a substrate that is resorbable, such as a substrate including collagen.

[0146] The FMOD-P, FMOD, and/or TGF-.beta. isoform peptide can be combined with a acceptable carrier to form a pharmacological composition. Acceptable carriers can contain a physiologically acceptable compound that acts, for example, to stabilize the composition or to increase or decrease the absorption of the agent. Physiologically acceptable compounds can include, for example, carbohydrates, such as glucose, sucrose, or dextrans, antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid or glutathione, chelating agents, low molecular weight proteins, compositions that reduce the clearance or hydrolysis of the anti-mitotic agents, or excipients or other stabilizers and/or buffers.

[0147] Other physiologically acceptable compounds include wetting agents, emulsifying agents, dispersing agents or preservatives which are particularly useful for preventing the growth or action of microorganisms. Various preservatives are well known and include, for example, phenol and ascorbic acid. One skilled in the art would appreciate that the choice of a carrier, including a physiologically acceptable compound depends, for example, on the route of administration.

[0148] The compositions can be administered in a variety of unit dosage forms depending upon the method of administration. For example, unit dosage forms suitable can include powder, or injectable or moldable pastes or suspension.

[0149] The compositions of this invention can comprise a solution of the FMOD-P, FMOD, and/or TGF-.beta. isoform dissolved in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as an aqueous carrier for water-soluble peptides. A variety of carriers can be used, e.g., buffered saline and the like. These solutions are sterile and generally free of undesirable matter. These compositions can be sterilized by conventional, well known sterilization techniques. The compositions can contain pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances as required to approximate physiological conditions such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, toxicity adjusting agents and the like, for example, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium lactate and the like.

[0150] The concentration of FMOD-P, FMOD, and/or TGF-.beta. isoform in these formulations can vary widely, and will be selected primarily based on fluid volumes, viscosities, body weight and the like in accordance with the particular mode of administration selected and the patient's needs.

[0151] The dosage regimen will be determined by the clinical indication being addressed, as well as by various patient variables (e.g. weight, age, sex) and clinical presentation (e.g. extent of injury, site of injury, etc.).

[0152] However, a therapeutically effective dose of a FMOD-P, FMOD, and/or TGF-.beta. isoform useful in this invention is one which has a positive clinical effect on a patient or desired effect in cells as measured by the ability of the agent to impart a beneficial effect to a body condition. The therapeutically effective dose of each peptide or agent can be modulated to achieve the desired clinical effect, while minimizing negative side effects. The dosage of the peptide or agent can be selected for an individual patient depending upon the route of administration, severity of the disease, age and weight of the patient, other medications the patient is taking and other factors normally considered by an attending physician, when determining an individual regimen and dose level appropriate for a particular patient.

Dosages

[0153] Dosages of FMOD-P, FMOD, and/or TGF-.beta. isoform can be determined according to methods known in the art based on type of agent, the disease, and other factors such as age and gender.

[0154] In one embodiment, the dosage of FMOD-P, FMOD, and/or TGF-.beta. isoform generally ranges from 0.001 pg/mm.sup.2 to 1 pg/mm.sup.2, or more preferably from 0.001 ng/mm.sup.2 to 1 ng/mm.sup.2, or more preferably from 0.001 .mu.g/mm.sup.2 to 1 .mu.g/mm.sup.2, or more preferably from 0.001 mg/mm.sup.2 to 1 mg/mm.sup.2, or more preferably from 0.001 g/mm.sup.2 to 1 g/mm.sup.2, with or without a particular carrier or scaffold. In another embodiment, the dosage of FMOD-P, FMOD, and/or TGF-.beta. isoform generally ranges from 0.001 pg/ml to 1 pg/ml, or more preferably from 0.001 ng/ml to 1 ng/ml, or more preferably from 0.001 .mu.g/ml to 1 .mu.g/ml, or more preferably from 0.001 mg/ml to 1 mg/ml, or more preferably from 0.001 g/ml to 100 g/ml, with or without a particular carrier or scaffold. In yet another embodiment, the dosage of FMOD-P, FMOD, and/or TGF-.beta. generally ranges from 0.001 pg/kg to 1 pg/kg, or more preferably from 0.001 ng/kg to 1 ng/kg, or more preferably from 0.001 .mu.g/kg to 1 .mu.g/kg, or more preferably from 0.001 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg, or more preferably from 0.001 gm/kg to 1 gm/kg, more preferably from 0.001 kg/kg to 1 kg/kg with or without a particular carrier or scaffold. Furthermore, it is understood that all dosages can be continuously given or divided into dosages given per a given timeframe. Examples of timeframes include but are not limited to every 1 hour, 2 hour, 4 hour, 6 hour, 8 hour, 12 hour, 24 hour, 48 hour, or 72 hour, or every week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, or every month, 2 months, 4 months, and so forth.

Dosage Form

[0155] The therapeutically effective dose of an agent included in the dosage form can be selected by considering the type of agent selected and the route of administration. The dosage form can include an agent in combination with other inert ingredients, including adjutants and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for the facilitation of dosage to the patient, as is known to those skilled in the pharmaceutical arts.

[0156] In one embodiment, the invention can include a method of treating, preventing, or ameliorating (improving) a body condition, comprising administering to a patient a FMOD-P, FMOD, and/or in a therapeutically effective dose in an effective dosage form at a selected interval to improve a body condition.

Method of Use

[0157] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of using the FMOD-P or composition disclosed herein for treating, preventing, or ameliorating a body condition. The method comprises applying FMOD-P or composition disclosed herein to a patient having such a body condition. Such body conditions can be any condition where modulation of TGF-.beta. activities imparts a beneficial effect on the body condition, e.g., diseases such as excessive fibrosis or scar formation that are associated with high TGF-.beta. expression, hypertrophic scars, keloids, radiation fibrosis, fibrotic conditions in organs systems other than skin conditions, such as, but not limited to lung (pulmonary fibrosis) (Gharaee-Kermani, Hu et al. 2009), liver, kidney, cornea, intra-abdominal, gastrointestinal, urological, neurological, or cardiovascular conditions. In addition, there may be other conditions in which modulation of TGF-.beta. activities imparts a beneficial effect on the body condition through modulation of cell proliferation, cell migration, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression and cell aggregation, .alpha.-SMA expression, and extra cellular matrix (ECM) organization by FMOD-P or composition disclosed herein.

[0158] The FMOD-P or a composition disclosed herein can be also effective for modulating collagen assembly. We have demonstrated that FMOD is also required for proper dermal collagen architecture and that FMOD null animals exhibit profound alterations in collagen ultrastructure as assessed by transmission electron microscopy and in collagen architecture as assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and by light microscopy (Khorasani, Zheng et al. 2010).

EXAMPLES

[0159] The embodiments of the present invention will be illustrated by the following set forth examples. All parameters and data do not limit the scope of the embodiments of the invention

Example 1

Studies on Binding Site Regulation Process of FMOD on TGF-.beta.

Recombinant FMOD Production

[0160] DNA fragment coding human FMOD (SEQ ID NO:1) was obtained from human FMOD cDNA by PCR and inserted into the commercial vector pSecTag2A (Invitrogen) to yield plasmid pLZZF01 (FIG. 1). FMOD coding gene was under the control with CMV promoter and fused with Ig.kappa. signal peptide at N-terminal and c-Myc epitope and 6.times.His tag at C-terminal. The plasmid pLZZF01 was transformed into Chinese hamster ovarian cell line CHO-K1. The stable transfected cell line was cultured in F12-K medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 300 .mu.g/ml Zeocin. FMOD recombinant protein was isolated by Probond Purification System (Invitrogen) and dissolved in 1.times.PBS buffer. Recombinant FMOD was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting with anti-FMOD antibody (FIG. 2).

[0161] Recombinant FMOD obtained from CHO-K1 was found to be able to bind with TGF-.beta.1 as well as native extract bovine FMOD in ELISA assay (FIG. 3) (Hildebrand, Romaris et al. 1994). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as negative control.

Three Dimensional (3D) Structure Prediction of FMOD

[0162] 3D structure of FMOD was predicted employing 3D-Jigsaw server. Dimeric bovine tissue-extracted decorin, crystal form 2, Chain A (1xec_A, FIG. 4) (Scott, McEwan et al., 2004) was used as the template.

[0163] FIG. 5 presents the structural alignment of human FMOD (SEQ ID NO:67) and the template--dimeric bovine tissue-extracted decorin, crystal form 2, chain A (1xec_A: SEQ ID NO:68).

[0164] FIG. 6 presents the predicted 3D structure of human FMOD protein (AA 71-375). Due to the low structural homology, no template can be found to predict the 3-D structure of the N-terminal fragment. FIG. 7 highlights the cysteines which build disulfide binds. Using commercial software Vector NTI 9.0, the predicted molecular surface based on Conolly method (Connolly 1993) was shown in FIG. 8. N-glycoside points were also highlighted in this structure (FIG. 8) (Plaas, Neams et al. 1990).

[0165] Hydrophobicity of the FMOD was also analyzed by Vector NTI (FIG. 9). While, electrostatic potential of FMOD was predicted by software Spdbv using Coulomb Method (FIG. 10) (Abagyen, Totrov et al. 2004).

Construct the Plasmids Harboring Different Fragments of FMOD

[0166] The first structure of human FMOD was shown in FIG. 11. Employing PCR method, DNA fragments encoding different part of human FMOD were inserted into commercial vector pET_SUMO (Invitrogen) to yield various plasmids pLZZF01-pLZZF040. For instance pLZZF09 (harboring LRR5, LRR6 and LRR7 of human FMOD), pLZZF10 (harboring LRR8, LRR9 and LRR10 of human FMOD), and pLZZF11 (harboring C-terminal of human FMOD including LRR11), respectively. The target peptides were fused with N-terminal SUMO and G-6.times.His tag.

[0167] The fused target peptide-SUMO plasmids (e.g., pLZZF09) were transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain as well as the control plasmids pET_SUMO/CAT. Recombinant bacteria were cultured in LB medium containing 100 mM IPTG to produced SUMO-fusion protein. Fusion proteins were purified by Probond Purification System (Invitrogen) and dissolved in 1.times.PBS buffer.

Example 2

Binding Studies on FMOD-P

[0168] SUMO Fused FMOD Fragments Binding with TGF-.beta.1

[0169] Employing ELISA method, some SUMO-fused FMOD peptide fragments were found to be able to bind with TGF-.beta.1 (SEQ ID NO: 20) (FIG. 12) (Hildebrand, Romaris et al. 1994). SUMO-CAT from the recombinant bacteria harboring control plasmid pET_SUMO/CAT was used as negative control. To the knowledge of inventors, the TGF-binding sites within FMOD have not been reported.

Example 3

Studies Relative Binding Affinities of Invention FMOD Peptides F06 and F07 to the Different TGF-.beta. Isoforms

[0170] Binding of FMOD and FMOD Peptides with TGF-.beta. Isoforms

[0171] FMOD (whole protein) (SEQ ID NO:1), FMOD peptides and control protein BSA were biotinylated. While, the biotinylated proteins and peptides were bound to commercial available Piece Monomeric Avidin UltraLink Resin (Piece). The amounts of each test peptides/proteins are 1:1, 10:1, 100:1 and 1000:1 to TGF-.beta.s, respectively. After washing out the non-bound residues, appropriate amount TGF-.beta.s (based on the primary test assay) were added to the resin at 4.degree. C. After overnight binding, non-bound TGF-.beta.s were collected, followed by filter sterilization. Then, the TGF-.beta.s residue were diluted 100 times in DEME-0.5% FBS to ensure the concentration was located in the linear region of TGF-.beta.s on Mv1Lu proliferate inhibition.

[0172] Diluted TGF-.beta.s was added to overnight serum-starved Mv1Lu, and fresh TGF-.beta.s media were added for another 24 hour before MTT assay. Samples with no TGF-.beta.s added were employed as controls. From the results of Mv1Lu growth inhibition, the binding radio of TGF-.beta.1 (SEQ ID NO:64) are shown in FIG. 13.

[0173] The results show that control BSA demonstrated minimal TGF-.beta.1 binding except at very high ratios (1000:1 mol/mol). FMOD protein demonstrated TGF-.beta.1 binding that also increased with higher FMOD protein ratios. Unexpectedly, some FMOD peptides demonstrated significantly greater TGF-.beta.1 binding than FMOD at some of the ratios tested. The significance of the results is even more striking given the relatively low purity of the FMOD peptides. It is anticipated that even greater TGF-.beta.1 binding will be obtained with more highly purified FMOD peptides.

[0174] The binding activity of TGF-.beta.2 (SEQ ID NO:65) are shown in FIG. 14.

[0175] Similar as to TGF-.beta.1, control BSA demonstrated minimal TGF-.beta.2 binding. FMOD protein demonstrated TGF-.beta.2 binding that also expectedly increased with higher FMOD protein ratios--although not to as great a degree as TGF-.beta.1. Unexpectedly, some FMOD peptides demonstrated significantly greater TGF-.beta.2 binding than FMOD at some of the ratios tested. The significance of these results is even more striking given the relatively low purity of the FMOD peptides. It is anticipated that even greater TGF-.beta.2 binding will be obtained with more highly purified FMOD peptides. Also surprisingly, the peptide FMOD-F06-C40 does not bind TGF-.beta.2. This indicates that F06-C40 can selectively bind TGF-.beta.1 and not TGF-.beta.2.

[0176] The binding activity of TGF-.beta.3 (SEQ ID NO:66) is shown in FIG. 15.

[0177] In FIG. 15, BSA did not bind to TGF-.beta.3 even at high ratios. FMOD protein demonstrated TGF-.beta.3 binding that also expectedly increased with higher FMOD protein ratios up to 1:100--although to a significantly lesser degree than TGF-.beta.1 or TGF-.beta.2 (i.e., FMOD binds TGF-.beta.1>TGF-.beta.2>TGF-.beta.3). Unexpectedly, some novel FMOD peptides demonstrated significantly greater TGF-.beta.3 binding than FMOD at some of the ratios tested.

[0178] In summary these novel data demonstrate that we have created novel FMOD peptides F07 and F07-C40 that can bind all three TGF-.beta. isoforms (TGF-.beta.1, TGF-.beta.2 and TGF-.beta.3) more effectively than FMOD whole protein. We have also created novel FMOD peptides that can selectively bind TGF-.beta.1 and TGF-.beta.3 more effectively than FMOD whole protein.

[0179] The different binding characteristics of the FMOD related peptides F06-C40 vs. F07/F07-C40 for different TGF-.beta. isoforms indicates that FMOD has at least two binding sites for TGF-.beta. and that the two binding sites of FMOD have different binding affinities to TGF-.beta. isoforms. It also suggests that the two different TGF-.beta. binding sites of FMOD may have different effects or interactions with TGF-.beta. ligands. Overall, these data indicate that FMOD peptides can exhibit different interactions with TGF-.beta. ligands that was previously impossible to distinguish on the FMOD whole protein.

[0180] From a clinical standpoint, these results indicate that novel FMOD peptides can modulate TGF-.beta. activity in a novel fashion than FMOD whole protein.

Example 4

Studies on Combination of TGF-.beta. Combined with FMOD or FMOD Peptides

Introduction

[0181] The effect of TGF-.beta. isoforms alone or of FMOD alone on cell proliferation has been described. However, the novel concept of using FMOD and TGF-.beta. isoforms to modulate cell proliferation has not been described. Furthermore, the novel concept of using FMOD peptides and TGF-.beta. isoforms to modulate cell proliferation has also not been described

TGF-.beta. Combined with FMOD or FMOD Peptides on Cell Proliferation

[0182] 2000 cell/well passage 18 Rat-2 (rat fibroblast cell line) cells were seeded in 96-well plates with 200 .mu.l DMEM-10% FBS for 6 hours, followed by overnight serum starving with 200 .mu.l DMEM-0.5% FBS. 200 .mu.l treatment medium, DMEM-0.5% FBS harboring different concentration of FMOD (SEQ ID NO:1), FMOD-F07-C40 peptide with/without 100 pM TGF-.beta.I (SEQ ID NO:64), was added to the well and refreshed on the second day. After 48 hours treatment, proliferation of Rat-2 cells was evaluated by Click-iT.RTM. Microplate Assay (Invitrogen). Results using FMOD (whole protein) are shown in FIG. 16.

[0183] Unexpectedly, combination of FMOD and TGF-.beta.1 significantly increased fibroblast proliferation. This is a novel finding that can be applied to chronic wounds (e.g., diabetic foot ulcers) to accelerate healing.

[0184] Results using F07-C40 are shown in FIG. 17A and repeat results in FIG. 17B.

[0185] Even more unexpectedly, combination of F07-C40 and TGF-.beta.1 increased fibroblast proliferation at low F07-C40 doses but in marked distinction to the FMOD whole protein, F07-C40 significantly inhibited fibroblast proliferation at moderately high doses, and decreased cell viability at high doses. This is a novel finding that combination F07-C40 and TGF-.beta.1 can be modulated so that low F07-C40 doses are used for situations in which increased cell proliferation are desired (e.g., chronic wounds) and moderately high F07-C40 doses are used for situations in which decreased cell proliferation are desired (e.g., hypertrophic scars) and high F07-C40 doses are used for situations in which decreased cell viability are desired (e.g., keloids).

[0186] On the other hand, another peptide F06-C40 also exhibits the ability to induce fibroblast proliferation (FIG. 17C).

[0187] From a clinical standpoint, these results indicate that FMOD combined with TGF-.beta. can potently induce cell proliferation. Thus, it can be used to treat a large variety of impaired or deficient wound healing conditions. In contrast novel FMOD peptides combined with TGF-.beta. can promote cell proliferation at low FMOD peptide doses and inhibit cell proliferation at moderately high FMOD peptide doses and decrease cell viability at high FMOD peptide doses. Inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of decreased cell viability can be especially desirable in certain conditions with excessive cell proliferation such as hypertrophic scars and keloids (Lim, Phan et al. 2006).

TGF-.beta. Combined with FMOD or FMOD Peptides on Cell Migration

[0188] Introduction

[0189] The effect of TGF-.beta. isoforms alone on cell migration/chemotaxis, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix production and remodeling is well known [reviewed in (Roberts and Sporn 1996)]. The effect of combination of FMOD and TGF-.beta. isoforms on cell migration has not been described. The effect of combination of FMOD peptides and TGF-.beta. isoforms on cell migration has also not been described.

[0190] FMOD (Whole Protein)

[0191] FIG. 18A shows the results of a few examples of tests on the effect of FMOD (SEQ ID NO:1) and/or TGF-.beta. on cell migration. 1.times.10.sup.6 cell/well Rat-2 cells were seeded in 6-well plated with 3 ml DMEM-10% FBS. After 6 hours for adhesion, fresh DMEM-0.5% FBS medium was changed for serum-starving overnight. After pre-warmed DMEM rinsing, four wounds (each 1 mm wide; two horizontal and two vertical) were scratched employing a 1-ml tip for each treatment group. Cells were rinsed by DMEM for three times, followed by incubation with treatment medium [DMEM-0.5 FBS containing 100 pM (2.5 ng/ml) TGF-.beta.1 (SEQ ID NO:64) or -.beta.3 (SEQ ID NO:66) w/o 200 nM (11.2 .mu.g/ml) FMOD (SEQ ID NO:1)] for 24 hours. Photos were captured at both 0-h and 24-h after the scratching. The unclosed distance was measured and quantified as an average gap (A) and migration index (B). Similar results were reproduced in four independent experiments. The scale bar in (A) equal to 100 The asterisks in (B) present P<0.05.

[0192] These results show that FMOD alone induced Rat-2 minimal migration, while surprisingly, combination of FMOD and TGF-.beta.1 induced significant migration (FIG. 18B). In contrast, TGF-.beta.3 inhibited migration, while combination of FMOD and TGF-.beta.3 decreased TGF-.beta.3 mediated inhibition of migration.

[0193] Cell migration/invasion in Matrigel was documented at 200.times. magnificent after 24 hour treatment and quantitated using DAPI nuclear staining (results shown in FIG. 19A and repeat results in FIGS. 26B and 26C; DAPI pictures are shown in FIG. 19D). FMOD alone induced Rat-2 moderate migration, while surprisingly, combination of FMOD and TGF-.beta.1 also induced significant migration. In contrast, TGF-.beta.3 inhibited migration, while combination of FMOD and TGF-.beta.3 decreased TGF-.beta.3 mediated inhibition of migration.

[0194] These results indicate that FMOD augments the cell migration effects of TGF-.beta.1, while FMOD decreases the inhibitory cell migration effects of TGF-.beta.3.

[0195] FMOD Peptides

[0196] Similar to FMOD (whole protein), the effect of FMOD peptides and/or TGF-.beta. on cell migration was also evaluated by scratching method (FIGS. 18C and 25D). At the same time, cell migration/invasion in Matrigel was documented at 100.times. magnificent after 24 hour treatment and quantitated using DAPI nuclear staining (100 rather than 200.times. magnification was used because one group's invasion is quite low) (see the results in FIG. 20A and DAPI pictures in FIG. 20B). Passage 18 Rat-2 cells (20,000 cells/well) were used for the test under the treatment of 100 pM TGF-.beta.1 (SEQ ID NO:64)/133 (SEQ ID NO:66) with/without 200 nM FMOD-F07-40C in DMEM-0.5% FBS.

[0197] F07-C40 alone did not induce significant Rat-2 migration, while completely unexpectedly, combination of F07-C40 and TGF-.beta.1 significantly inhibited TGF-.beta.1 mediated Matrigel migration. This activity of F07-C40 is completely the opposite of FMOD whole protein which increased cell migration effects of TGF-.beta.1. Also remarkably, while TGF-.beta.3 expectedly inhibited migration, combination of F07-C40 and TGF-.beta.3 increased TGF-.beta.3 mediated inhibition of migration. This activity of F07-C40 is also completely the opposite of FMOD whole protein which decreased the inhibitory cell migration effects of TGF-.beta.3.

[0198] Passage 18 Rat-2 cells (20,000 cells/well) were used for the test under the treatment of 100 pM TGF-.beta.1/.beta.3 with/without 200 nM FMOD-F06-40C in DMEM-0.5% FBS (FIG. 20C). Repeat results were shown in FIGS. 20D and 27E. Surprisingly, FMOD-F06-40C promotes fibroblasts migration regardless TGF-.beta.1 exists or not. However, FMOD-F06-40C could not eliminate the inhibition of TGF-.beta.3 on fibroblast migration.

[0199] These data demonstrate that, when combined with TGF-.beta., FMOD peptides can demonstrate distinct different biological effects than FMOD whole protein. This difference can be used to regulate cell migration.

[0200] From a clinical standpoint, F07-C40 inhibition of TGF-.beta.1 mediated cell migration in Matrigel demonstrates that F07-C40 can be used prevent tumor cell migration/metastasis (Muraoka, Dumont et al. 2002; Yang, Dukhanina et al. 2002) in situations with high basal TGF-.beta.1. Alternatively, combined F07-C40 and TGF-133 can be used even more effectively inhibit cell migration. In addition, FMOD can be added to promote cell migration in situations where cell migration is inhibited by high TGF-.beta.3.

Example 5

Studies on FMOD and TGF-.beta. or FMOD Peptides and TGF-.beta. on CTGF Expression and Cell Aggregation

Introduction

[0201] TGF-.beta.1 is a potent stimulator of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. CTGF has biological effects similar to TGF-.beta.1, and CTGF has been shown to act as an essential downstream mediator of TGF-.beta.1 [reviewed in (Song, Aswad et al. 2007)]. Although the effect of TGF-.beta.1 on inducing CTGF expression has been described, using FMOD and TGF-.beta. isoforms to modulate CTGF expression has not been described. Furthermore, using FMOD peptides and TGF-.beta. isoforms to modulate CTGF expression also has not been described. Also, the effect of FMOD or FMOD peptides alone, FMOD and TGF-.beta., or FMOD peptides and TGF-.beta. on cell morphology has not been described.

[0202] Results of exemplary tests on each of FMOD and FMOD-P, alone or in combination with TGF-.beta. on CTGF expression are shown in FIGS. 28A-28D. In these tests, 4,000 cells/well passage 18 Rat-2 cells were seeded in 8-well chamber slices in DMEM medium with 10% FBS. After 6 h adhesion, fresh DMEM medium with 0.5% FBS was employed for overnight serum starvation and then treatment media added. Treatment media were changed after 24 h. Cells were fixed and staining at 48 h. Photos were captured at 630.times. magnifications using a confocal microscope. In these figures, the cells were stained for CTGF (connective tissue growth factor, a factor involved in cell proliferation, migration and matrix production) or DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole a fluorescent stain that binds strongly to DNA-used for nuclear staining). Merged images showing both CTGF and DAPI staining are also shown.

[0203] The results of control tests are shown in FIG. 21A. Minimal CTGF expression is present in controls.

[0204] Results from 200 nM FMOD (SEQ ID NO:1) treatment are shown in FIG. 21B. Minimal CTGF expression is present in FMOD treated samples. FMOD treated Rat-2 cells appeared more flat and spread out when compared to the control group. Thus, FMOD alone may inhibit cell aggregation.

[0205] Results from 100 pM TGF-.beta.1 (SEQ ID NO:64) treatment are shown in FIG. 21C. The data show that moderate CTGF expression is present in TGF-.beta.1 treated samples.

[0206] Results from 100 pM TGF-.beta.1+200 nM FMOD treatment are shown in FIG. 21D.

[0207] FIGS. 21A-21D show that, unexpectedly, significantly higher CTGF expression is present in FMOD and TGF-.beta.1 treated samples. This is also accompanied by significant cell aggregation.

H&E Morphology of Rat-2 Cells after FMOD, TGF-.beta.1, or FMOD and TGF-.beta.1 Treatment

[0208] Exemplary tests were performed to better delineate cell morphology. FIG. 22 shows the results from treatment by combinations of FMOD (SEQ ID NO:1) (0, 200 nM) and TGF-.beta. (SEQ ID NO:20) (0, 100 nM).

[0209] FIG. 22 shows that 200 nM FMOD treatment resulted in a flat, spread-out Rat-2 cell morphology as well as lower cell aggregation/density relative to controls. Meanwhile, 100 pM TGF-.beta.1 treat slightly increased the Rat-2 cell density, along with induction of small nodule-like cell aggregations/condensations that were observed rarely (<one nodule/well in 8-well chamber slides). Unexpectedly, 100 pM TGF-.beta.1 and 200 nM FMOD combined treatment resulted in significantly increased cell density as well as increased nodule size and nodule number (about four nodules/well of 8-well chamber slides). These data confirm that FMOD can affect cell density, aggregation, and morphology.

Other Studies

[0210] Effects of FMOD, alone or in combination with TGF-.beta. on expression of CTFG were repeated in a few more tests. The results are shown in FIGS. 23A-23E.

[0211] FIG. 23A shows the results from 2-day control treatment.

[0212] FIG. 23B shows the results from 2-day FMOD (SEQ ID NO:1) mono-treatment.

[0213] FIG. 23C shows the results from 2-day TGF-.beta.1 (SEQ ID NO:64) mono-treatment.

[0214] FIG. 23D shows the results from 2-day FMOD+TGF-.beta.1 combo-treatment.

[0215] FIG. 23E shows a comparison chart of the results in FIGS. 23A-23D, respectively.

[0216] In another set of similar studies, we see that TGF-.beta.1 treatment increases expression of CTGF (green fluorescence), while TGF-.beta.1/FMOD combo-treatment significantly increases expression of CTGF (green fluorescence) relative to TGF-.beta.1 mono-treatment (FIG. 24). From a cell morphology standpoint, it can be seen that TGF-.beta.1/FMOD combo-treatment results in much more densely packed, aggregated cells with a significant degree of nodule formation (yellow arrows).

[0217] We then performed Z-axes series sequential images to determine the relative height of the nodules as shown in FIG. 24.

[0218] As can be seen from FIG. 24, under control or mono-treatment condition (TGF-.beta.1 or FMOD alone), Rat-2 fibroblasts maintained single layer cell morphology (no signals were observed above 8 .mu.m height). But for the nodules formed with FMOD and TGF-.beta.1 treatment (yellow arrows), the cells were stacked on top of one another to a height of about 48 .mu.m. Interestingly, more CTGF expression was noted at the base of the nodule than at the top of the nodule.

[0219] From a clinical standpoint, the ability to control cell aggregation and density can be critical for many processes such as cartilage or bone formation (Song, Aswad et al. 2007) and wound healing. For example, FMOD and TGF-.beta.1 can be used to promote mesenchymal condensations for cartilage regeneration.

Example 6

Studies on Effect of FMOD and TGF-.beta. or FMOD Peptides and TGF-.beta. on .alpha.-SMA Expression

Introduction

[0220] TGF-.beta. profibrotic growth factor that regulates fibroblast proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, and causes increased collagen deposition during fibrosis (Gharaee-Kermani, Hu et al. 2009). Myofibroblasts are specialized fibroblastic cells that appear during wound healing and in a variety of fibrocontractive diseases where they exert a significant contractile activity; they are characterized by well-developed microfilament bundles, which are analogous to stress fibers of fibroblasts in culture [reviewed in (Hinz, Dugina et al. 2003)]. In contrast, resident tissue fibroblasts do not exhibit such a contractile apparatus. On stimulation with TGF-.beta. myofibroblasts express de novo .alpha.-smooth muscle actin (.alpha.-SMA); and form specialized adhesion structures with the ECM that are called fibronexus in vivo or "supermature" focal adhesions (FAs) in vitro [reviewed in (Hinz, Dugina et al. 2003)]. Although .alpha.-SMA expression is a prototypical myofibroblast feature (Eyden, Banerjee et al. 2009) and is correlated with contractile force generation (Tomasek, McRae et al. 2005), there is evidence that .alpha.-SMA absence can cause greater fibrotic response (Takeji, Moriyama et al. 2006). Specifically, .alpha.-SMA presence has been shown to decrease renal tissue fibrosis as well as suppress cell proliferation, procollagen synthesis, cell migration, and FA proteins (Takeji, Moriyama et al. 2006). Thus, therapies that increase .alpha.-SMA expression early on can suppress cell proliferation, procollagen synthesis, cell migration, and FA proteins--leading to overall less fibrosis. Although the effect of TGF-.beta.1 on inducing .alpha.-SMA expression has been described, the novel concept of using FMOD and TGF-.beta. isoforms to modulate .alpha.-SMA expression has not been described. Furthermore, the novel concept of using FMOD peptides and TGF-.beta. isoforms to modulate .alpha.-SMA expression also has not been described.

[0221] Exemplary tests on effects of FMOD and TGF-.beta. or FMOD peptides and TGF-.beta. on .alpha.-SMA expression were performed and shown in FIGS. 25A-25D. Expression levels of .alpha.-SMA, which is a marker for the transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, were measured and presented in staining in these figures.

[0222] FIG. 25A shows the results from control tests, which shows minimal .alpha.-SMA staining.

[0223] FIG. 25B shows the results from 200 nM FMOD (SEQ ID NO: 1) treatment, which shows minimal .alpha.-SMA staining.

[0224] FIG. 25C shows the results from 100 pM TGF-.beta.1 (SEQ ID NO:64) treatment, which shows moderate .alpha.-SMA staining.

[0225] FIG. 25D shows the results from 100 pM TGF-.beta.1+200 nM Fibromodulin treatment, which shows significantly increased .alpha.-SMA staining accompanied by increased cell density/cell aggregation.

[0226] Overall, these studies demonstrate that FMOD (or FMOD peptides) and TGF-.beta. can significantly promote .alpha.-SMA expression. Depending on the time frame FMOD (or FMOD peptides) and TGF-.beta. are applied, it can be used to suppress cell proliferation, procollagen synthesis, cell migration, and FA proteins (applied earlier) or promote contraction (applied later).

[0227] From a clinical standpoint, early FMOD (or FMOD peptides) and TGF-.beta. application can be used to decrease fibrosis, while late FMOD (or FMOD peptides) and TGF-.beta. application can be used to promote contraction to decrease the size of open wounds.

Example 7

Studies on Effect of FMOD Peptides on ECM Organization

Introduction

[0228] Scar formation is the undesirable sequelae of adult-type tissue repair through fibroplasia rather than regeneration. Radiation-induced fibrosis or scar formation is a common sequela after therapeutic irradiation of head and neck cancers. A scar is comprised of a disorganized collection of collagen and other ECM components with interspersed dermal cells (primarily fibroblasts, myofibroblasts). We created novel FMOD peptides that exhibit significant effects on collagen fibrillogenesis and ECM organization by both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Thus, novel FMOD peptides can be used to reduce fibrosis and to promote more organized ECM architecture in conditions such as healing wounds, radiation fibrosis, and scleroderma.

[0229] Skin tissues were collected from pigs at 4 weeks post injury, 630.times.. Sample A is a control which is an unwounded skin tissue. Sample B is another control which is a wounded, but untreated skin tissue. Sample C is a wounded tissue treated by a FMOD-P at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. Sample D is a wounded tissue treated by a FMOD-P at a concentration of 2.0 mg/ml.

[0230] Healing by primary intention wounds were observed. The results are shown in FIGS. 26A-26B. FIG. 26B shows the fractal dimension of the control and treated tissues. Fractal dimension (higher F.sub.D) provides a measure of how completely an object fills space and increases in value with increasing structural complexity (Smith, Lange et al. 1996). It has a value between 1 and 2. Lacunarity (L) is a measure of the non-uniformity (heterogeneity) of a structure or the degree of structural variance within an object (Smith, Lange et al. 1996). Therefore, low lacunarity objects are homogeneous because all gap sizes are the same, whereas high lacunarity objects are heterogeneous. Lacunarity has a value between 0 and 1 where a minimum value of 0 corresponds to an absolute homogeneous object.

[0231] In this study, we have shown that the collagen bundles in scar tissue have significantly denser (higher F.sub.D) and significantly more homogeneous architecture (lower L) compared to the basket weaved and randomly organized normal tissue. We have also shown that individual collagen fibrils in scar tissue have much smaller diameter and much more narrow size distribution as compared to normal tissue. In contrast, the FMOD-P treated samples have collagen/ECM architecture that is much closer to unwounded tissue and F.sub.D and L measurements that are not significantly different from unwounded tissue.

[0232] These results indicate that FMOD peptide can optimize collagen fibrillogenesis and ECM architecture, especially in the closed wounds (E-wounds). No significance was obtained between 0.5 mg/ml and 2.0 mg/ml treatment in F.sub.D and L analysis. This indicates that FMOD peptides are effective across a wide dose range.

[0233] From a clinical standpoint, FMOD peptides can be used to decrease fibrosis in different organ systems such as, but not limited to lung, liver, kidney, skin, and heart.

[0234] While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications can be made without departing from this invention in its broader aspects. Therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of this invention.

REFERENCES

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[0236] Connolly, M. L. (1993) "The molecular surface package" Journal of Molecular Graphics 11 (2): 139-141.

[0237] Eyden, B., S. S. Banerjee, et al. (2009). "The myofibroblast and its tumours." J Clin Pathol 62(3): 236-49.

[0238] Gharaee-Kermani, M., B. Hu, et al. (2009). "Recent Advances in Molecular Targets and Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Focus on TGFbeta Signaling and the Myofibroblast." Curr Med Chem 16(11): 1400-17.

[0239] Hedbom, E. and D. Heinegard (1989). "Interaction of a 59-kDa connective tissue matrix protein with collagen I and collagen II" The Journal of Biological Chemistry 264(12): 6898-6905.

[0240] Heinegard, D., T. Larsson, et al. (1986). "Two novel matrix proteins isolated from articular cartilage show wide distributions among connective tissues." J Biol Chem 261(29): 13866-72.

[0241] Hildebrand, A., M. Romaris, et al. (1994). "Interaction of the small interstitial proteoglycans biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin with transforming growth factor beta." Biochem J 302 (Pt 2): 527-34.

[0242] Hildebrand, A., M. Romaris, et al. (1994). "Interaction of the small interstitial proteoglycans biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin with transforming growth factor .beta.." Biochem. J 302: 527-534.

[0243] Hinz, B., V. Dugina, et al. (2003). "Alpha-smooth muscle actin is crucial for focal adhesion maturation in myofibroblasts." Mol Biol Cell 14(6): 2508-19.

[0244] Kalamaj ski, S. and A. Oldberg (2007). "Fibromodulin binds collagen type I via glu-353 and lys-355 in leucine-rich repeat 11." Journal of Biological Chemistry 282(37): 26740-26745.

[0245] Khorasani, H., Z. Zheng, et al. (2010). "A quantitative approach to scar analysis." In Submission.

[0246] Lim, C. P., T. T. Phan, et al. (2006). "Stat3 contributes to keloid pathogenesis via promoting collagen production, cell proliferation and migration." Oncogene 25(39): 5416-25.

[0247] Muraoka, R. S., N. Dumont, et al. (2002). "Blockade of TGF-beta inhibits mammary tumor cell viability, migration, and metastases." J Clin Invest 109(12): 1551-9.

[0248] Plaas, A. H. K., P. J. Neams, et al. (1990). "Identification of the keratan sulfate attachment sites on bovine fibromodulin." The Journal of Biological Chemistry 265(33): 20634-20640.

[0249] Roberts, A. B. and M. B. Sporn (1996). Transforming growth factor-beta. The Molecular and Cellular Biology of Wound Repair. R. A. F. Clark. New York, Plenum Press: 275-308.

[0250] Smith, T. G., Jr., G. D. Lange, et al. (1996). "Fractal methods and results in cellular morphology--dimensions, lacunarity and multifractals." J Neurosci Methods 69(2): 123-36.

[0251] Song, J. J., R. Aswad, et al. (2007). "Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) acts as a downstream mediator of TGF-beta 1 to induce mesenchymal cell condensation." J Cell Physiol 210(2): 398-410.

[0252] Svensson, L., A. Aszodi, et al. (1999). "Fibromodulin-null mice have abnormal collagen fibrils, tissue organization, and altered lumican deposition in tendon." J Biol Chem 274(14): 9636-47.

[0253] Takeji, M., T. Moriyama, et al. (2006). "Smooth muscle alpha-actin deficiency in myofibroblasts leads to enhanced renal tissue fibrosis." J Biol Chem 281(52): 40193-200.

[0254] Tomasek, J. J., J. McRae, et al. (2005). "Regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in granulation tissue myofibroblasts is dependent on the intronic CArG element and the transforming growth factor-beta1 control element." Am J Pathol 166(5): 1343-51.

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[0256] Yang, Y. A., O. Dukhanina, et al. (2002). "Lifetime exposure to a soluble TGF-beta antagonist protects mice against metastasis without adverse side effects." J Clin Invest 109(12): 1607-15.

Sequence CWU 1

1

681376PRTHomo sapiens 1Met Gln Trp Thr Ser Leu Leu Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Phe Ser Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Gln Ala Gln Tyr Glu Asp Asp Pro His Trp Trp Phe His Tyr Leu Arg 20 25 30 Ser Gln Gln Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Glu 35 40 45 Thr Tyr Glu Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Gly Val Asp Glu Gly Pro Ala Tyr Thr 50 55 60 Tyr Gly Ser Pro Ser Pro Pro Asp Pro Arg Asp Cys Pro Gln Glu Cys 65 70 75 80 Asp Cys Pro Pro Asn Phe Pro Thr Ala Met Tyr Cys Asp Asn Arg Asn 85 90 95 Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr Val Tyr Phe 100 105 110 Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Ile Gln Glu Gly Val Phe Asp Asn Ala 115 120 125 Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Asp 130 135 140 Lys Val Gly Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg Leu 145 150 155 160 Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg 165 170 175 Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro 180 185 190 Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr Leu Gln 195 200 205 His Asn Glu Ile Gln Glu Val Gly Ser Ser Met Arg Gly Leu Arg Ser 210 215 220 Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn His Leu Arg Lys Val Pro Asp 225 230 235 240 Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met Glu His Asn Asn Val 245 250 255 Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg Gly Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Tyr 260 265 270 Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn 275 280 285 Thr Phe Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Gln 290 295 300 Leu Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val Asn Thr Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu Tyr Leu 305 310 315 320 Gln Gly Asn Arg Ile Asn Glu Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Phe Cys Thr Val 325 330 335 Val Asp Val Val Asn Phe Ser Lys Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Leu Asp Gly 340 345 350 Asn Glu Ile Lys Arg Ser Ala Met Pro Ala Asp Ala Pro Leu Cys Leu 355 360 365 Arg Leu Ala Ser Leu Ile Glu Ile 370 375 2376PRTHomo sapiens 2Met Gln Trp Thr Ser Leu Leu Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Phe Ser Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Gln Ala Gln Tyr Glu Asp Asp Pro His Trp Trp Phe His Tyr Leu Arg 20 25 30 Ser Gln Gln Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Glu 35 40 45 Thr Tyr Glu Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Gly Val Asp Glu Gly Pro Ala Tyr Thr 50 55 60 Tyr Gly Ser Pro Ser Pro Pro Asp Pro Arg Asp Cys Pro Gln Glu Cys 65 70 75 80 Asp Cys Pro Pro Asn Phe Pro Thr Ala Met Tyr Cys Asp Asn Arg Asn 85 90 95 Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr Val Tyr Phe 100 105 110 Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Ile Gln Glu Gly Val Phe Asp Asn Ala 115 120 125 Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Asp 130 135 140 Lys Val Gly Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg Leu 145 150 155 160 Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg 165 170 175 Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro 180 185 190 Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr Leu Gln 195 200 205 His Asn Glu Ile Gln Glu Val Gly Ser Ser Met Arg Gly Leu Arg Ser 210 215 220 Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn His Leu Arg Lys Val Pro Asp 225 230 235 240 Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met Glu His Asn Asn Val 245 250 255 Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg Gly Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Tyr 260 265 270 Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn 275 280 285 Thr Phe Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Gln 290 295 300 Leu Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val Asn Thr Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu Tyr Leu 305 310 315 320 Gln Gly Asn Arg Ile Asn Glu Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Phe Cys Thr Val 325 330 335 Val Asp Val Val Asn Phe Ser Lys Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Leu Asp Gly 340 345 350 Asn Glu Ile Lys Arg Ser Ala Met Pro Ala Asp Ala Pro Leu Cys Leu 355 360 365 Arg Leu Ala Ser Leu Ile Glu Ile 370 375 358PRTHomo sapiens 3Tyr Leu Gln Gly Asn Arg Ile Asn Glu Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Phe Cys 1 5 10 15 Thr Val Val Asp Val Val Asn Phe Ser Lys Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Leu 20 25 30 Asp Gly Asn Glu Ile Lys Arg Ser Ala Met Pro Ala Asp Ala Pro Leu 35 40 45 Cys Leu Arg Leu Ala Ser Leu Ile Glu Ile 50 55 4362PRTHomo sapiens 4Met Gln Trp Thr Ser Leu Leu Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Phe Ser Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Gln Ala Gln Tyr Glu Asp Asp Pro His Trp Trp Phe His Tyr Leu Arg 20 25 30 Ser Gln Gln Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Glu 35 40 45 Thr Tyr Glu Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Gly Val Asp Glu Gly Pro Ala Tyr Thr 50 55 60 Tyr Gly Ser Pro Ser Pro Pro Asp Pro Arg Asp Cys Pro Gln Glu Cys 65 70 75 80 Asp Cys Pro Pro Asn Phe Pro Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr Val 85 90 95 Tyr Phe Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Ile Gln Glu Gly Val Phe Asp 100 105 110 Asn Ala Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr 115 120 125 Ser Asp Lys Val Gly Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu 130 135 140 Arg Leu Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu 145 150 155 160 Pro Arg Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg 165 170 175 Val Pro Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr 180 185 190 Leu Gln His Asn Glu Ile Gln Glu Val Gly Ser Ser Met Arg Gly Leu 195 200 205 Arg Ser Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn His Leu Arg Lys Val 210 215 220 Pro Asp Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met Glu His Asn 225 230 235 240 Asn Val Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg Gly Ala Pro Lys Leu 245 250 255 Leu Tyr Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala 260 265 270 Ser Asn Thr Phe Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr 275 280 285 Asn Gln Leu Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val Asn Thr Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu 290 295 300 Tyr Leu Gln Gly Asn Arg Ile Asn Glu Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Phe Cys 305 310 315 320 Thr Val Val Asp Val Val Asn Phe Ser Lys Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Leu 325 330 335 Asp Gly Asn Glu Ile Lys Arg Ser Ala Met Pro Ala Asp Ala Pro Leu 340 345 350 Cys Leu Arg Leu Ala Ser Leu Ile Glu Ile 355 360 5 201PRTHomo sapiens 5Met Lys Met Thr Leu Ile Gly Gly Ser Thr Thr Ser Ala Ala Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 Pro Pro Thr Thr Ile Pro Met Thr Leu Thr Arg Met Arg Pro Thr Ser 20 25 30 Leu Thr Pro Met Gly Trp Met Lys Gly Gln Pro Thr Pro Thr Ala Leu 35 40 45 His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu 50 55 60 Gly Leu Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala Met Tyr Cys Asp Asn Arg Asn Leu Lys 65 70 75 80 Tyr Leu Pro Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr Val Tyr Phe Gln Asn 85 90 95 Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Ile Gln Glu Gly Val Phe Asp Asn Ala Thr Gly 100 105 110 Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Asp Lys Val 115 120 125 Gly Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg Leu Tyr Leu 130 135 140 Asp His Asn Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg Ser Leu 145 150 155 160 Arg Glu Leu His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Pro Ala Thr Ala Pro Arg 165 170 175 Asn Ala Thr Ala His Pro Thr Ser Pro Arg Pro Cys Thr Ser Asn Thr 180 185 190 Met Arg Ser Arg Lys Trp Ala Val Pro 195 200 6 287PRTHomo sapiens 6Met Lys Met Thr Leu Ile Gly Gly Ser Thr Thr Ser Ala Ala Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 Pro Pro Thr Thr Ile Pro Met Thr Leu Thr Arg Met Arg Pro Thr Ser 20 25 30 Leu Thr Pro Met Gly Trp Met Lys Gly Gln Pro Thr Pro Thr Ala Leu 35 40 45 His Pro Leu Gln Ile Pro Ala Thr Ala Pro Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys 50 55 60 Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg Leu Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn Leu Thr Arg 65 70 75 80 Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu Asp His 85 90 95 Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn 100 105 110 Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr Leu Gln His Asn Glu Ile Gln Glu Val Gly Ser 115 120 125 Ser Met Arg Gly Leu Arg Ser Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn 130 135 140 His Leu Arg Lys Val Pro Asp Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu 145 150 155 160 Tyr Met Glu His Asn Asn Val Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg 165 170 175 Gly Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Tyr Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr 180 185 190 Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn Thr Phe Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu Leu Glu 195 200 205 Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Gln Leu Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val Asn Thr 210 215 220 Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu Tyr Leu Gln Gly Asn Arg Ile Asn Glu Phe Ser 225 230 235 240 Ile Ser Ser Phe Cys Thr Val Val Asp Val Val Asn Phe Ser Lys Leu 245 250 255 Gln Val Leu Arg Leu Asp Gly Asn Glu Ile Lys Arg Ser Ala Met Pro 260 265 270 Ala Asp Ala Pro Leu Cys Leu Arg Leu Ala Ser Leu Ile Glu Ile 275 280 285 7623PRTHomo sapiens 7Met Ala Lys Ser Cys Pro Ser Val Cys Arg Cys Asp Ala Gly Phe Ile 1 5 10 15 Tyr Cys Asn Asp Arg Phe Leu Thr Ser Ile Pro Thr Gly Ile Pro Glu 20 25 30 Asp Ala Thr Thr Leu Tyr Leu Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile Asn Asn Ala Gly 35 40 45 Ile Pro Ser Asp Leu Lys Asn Leu Leu Lys Val Glu Arg Ile Tyr Leu 50 55 60 Tyr His Asn Ser Leu Asp Glu Phe Pro Thr Asn Leu Pro Lys Tyr Val 65 70 75 80 Lys Glu Leu His Leu Gln Glu Asn Asn Ile Arg Thr Ile Thr Tyr Asp 85 90 95 Ser Leu Ser Lys Ile Pro Tyr Leu Glu Glu Leu His Leu Asp Asp Asn 100 105 110 Ser Val Ser Ala Val Ser Ile Glu Glu Gly Ala Phe Arg Asp Ser Asn 115 120 125 Tyr Leu Arg Leu Leu Phe Leu Ser Arg Asn His Leu Ser Thr Ile Pro 130 135 140 Trp Gly Leu Pro Arg Thr Ile Glu Glu Leu Arg Leu Asp Asp Asn Arg 145 150 155 160 Ile Ser Thr Ile Ser Ser Pro Ser Leu Gln Gly Leu Thr Ser Leu Lys 165 170 175 Arg Leu Val Leu Asp Gly Asn Leu Leu Asn Asn His Gly Leu Gly Asp 180 185 190 Lys Val Phe Phe Asn Leu Val Asn Leu Thr Glu Leu Ser Leu Val Arg 195 200 205 Asn Ser Leu Thr Ala Ala Pro Val Asn Leu Pro Gly Thr Asn Leu Arg 210 215 220 Lys Leu Tyr Leu Gln Asp Asn His Ile Asn Arg Val Pro Pro Asn Ala 225 230 235 240 Phe Ser Tyr Leu Arg Gln Leu Tyr Arg Leu Asp Met Ser Asn Asn Asn 245 250 255 Leu Ser Asn Leu Pro Gln Gly Ile Phe Asp Asp Leu Asp Asn Ile Thr 260 265 270 Gln Leu Ile Leu Arg Asn Asn Pro Trp Tyr Cys Gly Cys Lys Met Lys 275 280 285 Trp Val Arg Asp Trp Leu Gln Ser Leu Pro Val Lys Val Asn Val Arg 290 295 300 Gly Leu Met Cys Gln Ala Pro Glu Lys Val Arg Gly Met Ala Ile Lys 305 310 315 320 Asp Leu Asn Ala Glu Leu Phe Asp Cys Lys Asp Ser Gly Ile Val Ser 325 330 335 Thr Ile Gln Ile Thr Thr Ala Ile Pro Asn Thr Val Tyr Pro Ala Gln 340 345 350 Gly Gln Trp Pro Ala Pro Val Thr Lys Gln Pro Asp Ile Lys Asn Pro 355 360 365 Lys Leu Thr Lys Asp His Gln Thr Thr Gly Ser Pro Ser Arg Lys Thr 370 375 380 Ile Thr Ile Thr Val Lys Ser Val Thr Ser Asp Thr Ile His Ile Ser 385 390 395 400 Trp Lys Leu Ala Leu Pro Met Thr Ala Leu Arg Leu Ser Trp Leu Lys 405 410 415 Leu Gly His Ser Pro Ala Phe Gly Ser Ile Thr Glu Thr Ile Val Thr 420 425 430 Gly Glu Arg Ser Glu Tyr Leu Val Thr Ala Leu Glu Pro Asp Ser Pro 435 440 445 Tyr Lys Val Cys Met Val Pro Met Glu Thr Ser Asn Leu Tyr Leu Phe 450 455 460 Asp Glu Thr Pro Val Cys Ile Glu Thr Glu Thr Ala Pro Leu Arg Met 465 470 475 480 Tyr Asn Pro Thr Thr Thr Leu Asn Arg Glu Gln Glu Lys Glu Pro Tyr 485 490 495 Lys Asn Pro Asn Leu Pro Leu Ala Ala Ile Ile Gly Gly Ala Val Ala 500 505 510 Leu Val Thr Ile Ala Leu Leu Ala Leu Val Cys Trp Tyr Val His Arg 515 520 525 Asn Gly Ser Leu Phe Ser Arg Asn Cys Ala Tyr Ser Lys Gly Arg Arg 530 535 540 Arg Lys Asp Asp Tyr Ala Glu Ala Gly Thr Lys Lys Asp Asn Ser Ile 545 550 555 560 Leu Glu Ile Arg Glu Thr Ser Phe Gln Met Leu Pro Ile Ser Asn Glu 565 570 575 Pro Ile Ser Lys Glu Glu Phe Val Ile His Thr Ile Phe Pro Pro Asn 580 585 590 Gly Met Asn Leu Tyr Lys Asn Asn His Ser Glu Ser Ser Ser Asn Arg 595 600 605 Ser Tyr Arg Asp Ser Gly Ile Pro Asp Ser Asp His Ser His Ser 610 615 620 8376PRTArtificial

SequenceSynthetic peptide 8Met Gln Trp Thr Ser Leu Leu Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Phe Ser Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Gln Ala Gln Tyr Glu Asp Asp Pro His Trp Trp Phe His Tyr Leu Arg 20 25 30 Ser Gln Gln Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Glu 35 40 45 Thr Tyr Glu Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Gly Val Asp Glu Gly Pro Ala Tyr Thr 50 55 60 Tyr Gly Ser Pro Ser Pro Pro Asp Pro Arg Asp Cys Pro Gln Glu Cys 65 70 75 80 Asp Cys Pro Pro Asn Phe Pro Thr Ala Met Tyr Cys Asp Asn Arg Asn 85 90 95 Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr Val Tyr Phe 100 105 110 Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Ile Gln Glu Gly Val Phe Asp Asn Ala 115 120 125 Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Asp 130 135 140 Lys Val Gly Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg Leu 145 150 155 160 Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg 165 170 175 Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro 180 185 190 Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr Leu Gln 195 200 205 His Asn Glu Ile Gln Glu Val Gly Ser Ser Met Arg Gly Leu Arg Ser 210 215 220 Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn His Leu Arg Lys Val Pro Asp 225 230 235 240 Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met Glu His Asn Asn Val 245 250 255 Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg Gly Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Tyr 260 265 270 Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn 275 280 285 Thr Phe Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Gln 290 295 300 Leu Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val Asn Thr Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu Tyr Leu 305 310 315 320 Gln Gly Asn Arg Ile Asn Glu Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Phe Cys Thr Val 325 330 335 Val Asp Val Val Asn Phe Ser Lys Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Leu Asp Gly 340 345 350 Asn Glu Ile Lys Arg Ser Ala Met Pro Ala Asp Ala Pro Leu Cys Leu 355 360 365 Arg Leu Ala Ser Leu Ile Glu Ile 370 375 9376PRTHomo sapiens 9Met Gln Trp Thr Ser Leu Leu Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Phe Ser Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Gln Ala Gln Tyr Glu Asp Asp Pro His Trp Trp Phe His Tyr Leu Arg 20 25 30 Ser Gln Gln Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Glu 35 40 45 Thr Tyr Glu Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Gly Val Asp Glu Gly Pro Ala Tyr Thr 50 55 60 Tyr Gly Ser Pro Ser Pro Pro Asp Pro Arg Asp Cys Pro Gln Glu Cys 65 70 75 80 Asp Cys Pro Pro Asn Phe Pro Thr Ala Met Tyr Cys Asp Asn Arg Asn 85 90 95 Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr Val Tyr Phe 100 105 110 Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Ile Gln Glu Gly Val Phe Asp Asn Ala 115 120 125 Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Asp 130 135 140 Lys Val Gly Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg Leu 145 150 155 160 Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg 165 170 175 Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro 180 185 190 Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr Leu Gln 195 200 205 His Asn Glu Ile Gln Glu Val Gly Ser Ser Met Arg Gly Leu Arg Ser 210 215 220 Leu Tyr Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn His Leu Arg Lys Val Pro Asp 225 230 235 240 Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met Glu His Asn Asn Val 245 250 255 Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg Gly Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Tyr 260 265 270 Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn 275 280 285 Thr Phe Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Gln 290 295 300 Leu Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val Asn Thr Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu Tyr Leu 305 310 315 320 Gln Gly Asn Arg Ile Asn Glu Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Phe Cys Thr Val 325 330 335 Val Asp Val Val Asn Phe Ser Gln Leu Gln Val Val Arg Leu Asp Gly 340 345 350 Asn Glu Met Lys Arg Ser Ala Met Pro Ala Glu Ala Pro Leu Cys Leu 355 360 365 Arg Leu Ala Ser Leu Ile Glu Ile 370 375 10375PRTHomo sapiens 10Met Gln Trp Ala Ser Leu Leu Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Phe Ser Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Gln Ala Gln Tyr Glu Asp Asp Pro His Trp Trp Phe His Tyr Leu Arg 20 25 30 Ser Gln Gln Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Glu 35 40 45 Thr Tyr Glu Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Gly Val Asp Glu Gly Pro Ala Tyr Thr 50 55 60 Tyr Gly Ser Pro Ser Pro Pro Asp Pro Arg Asp Cys Pro Gln Glu Cys 65 70 75 80 Asp Cys Pro Pro Asn Phe Leu Thr Ala Met Tyr Cys Asp Asn Arg Asn 85 90 95 Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr Val Tyr Phe 100 105 110 Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Ile Gln Glu Gly Val Phe Asp Asn Ala 115 120 125 Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Asp 130 135 140 Lys Val Gly Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg Leu 145 150 155 160 Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg 165 170 175 Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro 180 185 190 Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr Leu Gln 195 200 205 His Asp Glu Ile Gln Glu Val Gly Ser Ser Met Arg Gly Leu Arg Ser 210 215 220 Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn His Leu Arg Lys Val Pro Asp 225 230 235 240 Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met Glu His Asn Asn Val 245 250 255 Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg Gly Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Tyr 260 265 270 Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn 275 280 285 Thr Phe Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu Glu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Gln Leu 290 295 300 Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val Asn Thr Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu Tyr Leu Gln 305 310 315 320 Gly Asn Arg Ile Asn Glu Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Phe Cys Thr Val Val 325 330 335 Asp Val Val Asn Phe Ser Lys Leu Gln Val Val Arg Leu Asp Gly Asn 340 345 350 Glu Ile Lys Arg Ser Ala Met Pro Ala Asp Ala Pro Leu Cys Leu Arg 355 360 365 Leu Ala Ser Leu Ile Glu Ile 370 375 11376PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 11Met Gln Trp Thr Ser Leu Leu Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Phe Ser Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Gln Ala Gln Tyr Glu Asp Asp Pro His Trp Trp Phe His Tyr Leu Arg 20 25 30 Ser Gln Gln Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Glu 35 40 45 Thr Tyr Glu Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Gly Val Asp Glu Gly Pro Ala Tyr Thr 50 55 60 Tyr Gly Ser Pro Ser Pro Pro Asp Pro Arg Asp Cys Pro Gln Glu Cys 65 70 75 80 Asp Cys Pro Pro Asn Phe Pro Thr Ala Met Tyr Cys Asp Asn Arg Asn 85 90 95 Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr Val Tyr Phe 100 105 110 Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Ile Gln Glu Gly Val Phe Asp Asn Ala 115 120 125 Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Asp 130 135 140 Lys Val Gly Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg Leu 145 150 155 160 Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg 165 170 175 Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro 180 185 190 Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr Leu Gln 195 200 205 His Asn Glu Ile Gln Glu Val Gly Ser Ser Met Arg Gly Leu Arg Ser 210 215 220 Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn His Leu Arg Lys Val Pro Asp 225 230 235 240 Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met Glu His Asn Asn Val 245 250 255 Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg Gly Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Tyr 260 265 270 Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn 275 280 285 Thr Phe Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Gln 290 295 300 Leu Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val Asn Thr Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu Tyr Leu 305 310 315 320 Gln Gly Asn Arg Ile Asn Glu Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Phe Cys Thr Val 325 330 335 Val Asp Val Val Asn Phe Ser Lys Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Leu Asp Gly 340 345 350 Asn Glu Ile Lys Arg Ser Ala Met Pro Ala Asp Ala Pro Leu Cys Leu 355 360 365 Arg Leu Ala Ser Leu Ile Gly Ile 370 375 12377PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 12Met Gln Trp Thr Ser Leu Leu Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Phe Ser Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Gln Ala Gln Tyr Glu Asp Asp Pro His Trp Trp Phe His Tyr Leu Arg 20 25 30 Ser Gln Gln Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Glu 35 40 45 Thr Tyr Glu Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Gly Val Asp Glu Gly Pro Ala Tyr Thr 50 55 60 Tyr Gly Ser Pro Ser Pro Pro Asp Pro Arg Asp Cys Pro Gln Glu Cys 65 70 75 80 Asp Cys Pro Pro Asn Phe Pro Thr Ala Met Tyr Cys Asp Asn Arg Asn 85 90 95 Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr Val Tyr Phe 100 105 110 Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Ile Gln Glu Gly Val Phe Asp Asn Ala 115 120 125 Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Asp 130 135 140 Lys Val Gly Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg Leu 145 150 155 160 Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg 165 170 175 Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro 180 185 190 Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr Leu Gln 195 200 205 His Asn Glu Ile Gln Glu Val Gly Ser Ser Met Arg Gly Leu Arg Ser 210 215 220 Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn His Leu Arg Lys Val Pro Asp 225 230 235 240 Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met Glu His Asn Asn Val 245 250 255 Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg Gly Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Tyr 260 265 270 Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn 275 280 285 Thr Phe Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Gln 290 295 300 Leu Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val Asn Thr Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu Tyr Leu 305 310 315 320 Gln Gly Asn Arg Ile Asn Glu Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Phe Cys Thr Val 325 330 335 Val Asp Val Val Asn Phe Ser Lys Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Leu Asp Gly 340 345 350 Asn Glu Ile Lys Arg Ser Ala Met Pro Ala Asp Ala Pro Leu Cys Leu 355 360 365 Arg Leu Ala Ser Leu Ile Glu Ile Leu 370 375 1316PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 13Asn Arg Asn Leu Lys Tyr Leu Lys Pro Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met Lys 1 5 10 15 1421PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 14Phe Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Ile Gln Glu Gly Val Phe Asp Asn 1 5 10 15 Ala Thr Gly Leu Leu 20 1515PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 15Asn Arg Asn Leu Lys Tyr Lys Pro Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met Lys 1 5 10 15 1664PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 16Tyr Leu Arg Ser Gln Gln Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Asp Pro Tyr 1 5 10 15 Pro Tyr Glu Thr Tyr Glu Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Gly Val Asp Glu Gly Pro 20 25 30 Ala Tyr Thr Tyr Gly Ser Pro Ser Pro Pro Asp Pro Arg Asp Cys Pro 35 40 45 Gln Glu Cys Asp Cys Pro Pro Asn Phe Pro Thr Ala Met Tyr Cys Asp 50 55 60 1740PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 17Pro Tyr Gly Val Asp Glu Gly Pro Ala Tyr Thr Tyr Gly Ser Pro Ser 1 5 10 15 Pro Pro Asp Pro Arg Asp Cys Pro Gln Glu Cys Asp Cys Pro Pro Asn 20 25 30 Phe Pro Thr Ala Met Tyr Cys Asp 35 40 1839PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 18Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr Val Tyr Phe Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Ile 1 5 10 15 Gln Glu Gly Val Phe Asp Asn Ala Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala Leu 20 25 30 His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser 35 1950PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 19Asn Arg Asn Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr 1 5 10 15 Val Tyr Phe Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Ile Gln Glu Gly Val Phe 20 25 30 Asp Asn Ala Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile 35 40 45 Thr Ser 50 2045PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 20Asp Lys Val Gly Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg 1 5 10 15 Leu Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro 20 25 30 Arg Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile 35 40 45 2168PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 21Ser Arg Val Pro Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala 1 5 10 15 Leu Tyr Leu Gln His Asn Glu Ile Gln Glu Val Gly Ser Ser Met Arg 20 25 30 Gly Leu Arg Ser Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn His Leu Arg 35 40 45 Lys Val Pro Asp Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met Glu 50

55 60 His Asn Asn Val 65 2269PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 22Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg Gly Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Tyr 1 5 10 15 Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn 20 25 30 Thr Phe Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Gln 35 40 45 Leu Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val Asn Thr Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu Tyr Leu 50 55 60 Gln Gly Asn Arg Ile 65 2351PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 23Asn Glu Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Phe Cys Thr Val Val Asp Val Val Asn 1 5 10 15 Phe Ser Lys Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Leu Asp Gly Asn Glu Ile Lys Arg 20 25 30 Ser Ala Met Pro Ala Asp Ala Pro Leu Cys Leu Arg Leu Ala Ser Leu 35 40 45 Ile Glu Ile 50 2440PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 24Gln Trp Thr Ser Leu Leu Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Phe Ser Leu Ser Gln 1 5 10 15 Ala Gln Tyr Glu Asp Asp Pro His Trp Trp Phe His Tyr Leu Arg Ser 20 25 30 Gln Gln Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Asp Pro 35 40 2540PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 25Asp Asp Pro His Trp Trp Phe His Tyr Leu Arg Ser Gln Gln Ser Thr 1 5 10 15 Tyr Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Glu Thr Tyr Glu Pro Tyr 20 25 30 Pro Tyr Gly Val Asp Glu Gly Pro 35 40 2650PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 26Asp Pro Arg Asp Cys Pro Gln Glu Cys Asp Cys Pro Pro Asn Phe Pro 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Met Tyr Cys Asp Asn Arg Asn Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Phe Val 20 25 30 Pro Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr Val Tyr Phe Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser 35 40 45 Ile Gln 50 2751PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 27Tyr Gly Ser Pro Ser Pro Pro Asp Pro Arg Asp Cys Pro Gln Glu Cys 1 5 10 15 Asp Cys Pro Pro Asn Phe Pro Thr Ala Met Tyr Cys Asp Asn Arg Asn 20 25 30 Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr Val Tyr Phe 35 40 45 Gln Asn Asn 50 2850PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 28Phe Pro Thr Ala Met Tyr Cys Asp Asn Arg Asn Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro 1 5 10 15 Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr Val Tyr Phe Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile 20 25 30 Thr Ser Ile Gln Glu Gly Val Phe Asp Asn Ala Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp 35 40 45 Ile Ala 50 2958PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 29Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Asp Lys Val 1 5 10 15 Gly Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg Leu Tyr Leu 20 25 30 Asp His Asn Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg Ser Leu 35 40 45 Arg Glu Leu His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile 50 55 3050PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 30Ala Tyr Thr Tyr Gly Ser Pro Ser Pro Pro Asp Pro Arg Asp Cys Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Glu Cys Asp Cys Pro Pro Asn Phe Pro Thr Ala Met Tyr Cys Asp 20 25 30 Asn Arg Asn Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr 35 40 45 Val Tyr 50 3147PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 31Ser Arg Val Pro Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala 1 5 10 15 Leu Tyr Leu Gln His Asn Glu Ile Gln Glu Val Gly Ser Ser Met Arg 20 25 30 Gly Leu Arg Ser Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn His Leu 35 40 45 3246PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 32Arg Lys Val Pro Asp Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met 1 5 10 15 Glu His Asn Asn Val Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg Gly Ala 20 25 30 Pro Lys Leu Leu Tyr Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr 35 40 45 3344PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 33Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn Thr Phe Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu Leu Glu 1 5 10 15 Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Gln Leu Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val Asn Thr 20 25 30 Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu Tyr Leu Gln Gly Asn Arg Ile 35 40 3450PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 34Thr Ser Ile Gln Glu Gly Val Phe Asp Asn Ala Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp 1 5 10 15 Ile Ala Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Asp Lys Val Gly Arg Lys 20 25 30 Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg Leu Tyr Leu Asp His Asn 35 40 45 Asn Leu 50 3547PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 35Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu 1 5 10 15 Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu 20 25 30 Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr Leu Gln His Asn Glu Ile Gln Glu 35 40 45 3642PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 36Val Gly Ser Ser Met Arg Gly Leu Arg Ser Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu 1 5 10 15 Ser Tyr Asn His Leu Arg Lys Val Pro Asp Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu 20 25 30 Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met Glu His Asn Asn Val 35 40 3749PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 37Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg Gly Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Tyr 1 5 10 15 Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn 20 25 30 Thr Phe Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Gln 35 40 45 Leu 3850PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 38Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val Asn Thr Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu Tyr Leu Gln 1 5 10 15 Gly Asn Arg Ile Asn Glu Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Phe Cys Thr Val Val 20 25 30 Asp Val Val Asn Phe Ser Lys Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Leu Asp Gly Asn 35 40 45 Glu Ile 50 3958PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 39Asp Lys Val Gly Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg 1 5 10 15 Leu Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro 20 25 30 Arg Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val 35 40 45 Pro Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn 50 55 4040PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 40Asn Ala Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr 1 5 10 15 Ser Asp Lys Val Gly Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu 20 25 30 Arg Leu Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn 35 40 4175PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 41Asn Ala Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr 1 5 10 15 Ser Asp Lys Val Gly Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu 20 25 30 Arg Leu Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu 35 40 45 Pro Arg Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg 50 55 60 Val Pro Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn 65 70 75 4291PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 42Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr Leu Gln His Asn Glu Ile Gln Glu Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Ser Met Arg Gly Leu Arg Ser Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Asn His Leu Arg Lys Val Pro Asp Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln 35 40 45 Leu Tyr Met Glu His Asn Asn Val Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe 50 55 60 Arg Gly Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Tyr Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu 65 70 75 80 Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn Thr Phe Asn 85 90 4368PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 43Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu 1 5 10 15 Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu 20 25 30 Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr Leu Gln His Asn Glu Ile Gln Glu Val 35 40 45 Gly Ser Ser Met Arg Gly Leu Arg Ser Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser 50 55 60 Tyr Asn His Leu 65 4456PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 44Arg Lys Val Pro Asp Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met 1 5 10 15 Glu His Asn Asn Val Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg Gly Ala 20 25 30 Pro Lys Leu Leu Tyr Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr Asn Asn 35 40 45 Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn Thr Phe Asn 50 55 4544PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 45Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Gln Leu Gln 1 5 10 15 Lys Ile Pro Pro Val Asn Thr Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu Tyr Leu Gln Gly 20 25 30 Asn Arg Ile Asn Glu Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Phe Cys 35 40 4634PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 46Cys Thr Val Val Asp Val Val Asn Phe Ser Lys Leu Gln Val Leu Arg 1 5 10 15 Leu Asp Gly Asn Glu Ile Lys Arg Ser Ala Met Pro Ala Asp Ala Pro 20 25 30 Leu Cys 4762PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 47Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val Asn Thr Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu Tyr Leu Gln 1 5 10 15 Gly Asn Arg Ile Asn Glu Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Phe Cys Thr Val Val 20 25 30 Asp Val Val Asn Phe Ser Lys Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Leu Asp Gly Asn 35 40 45 Glu Ile Lys Arg Ser Ala Met Pro Ala Asp Ala Pro Leu Cys 50 55 60 4842PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 48Cys Pro Gln Glu Cys Asp Cys Pro Pro Asn Phe Pro Thr Ala Met Tyr 1 5 10 15 Cys Asp Asn Arg Asn Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Phe Val Pro Ser Arg Met 20 25 30 Lys Tyr Val Tyr Phe Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile 35 40 4962PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 49Ala Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser 1 5 10 15 Asp Lys Val Gly Arg Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg 20 25 30 Leu Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro 35 40 45 Arg Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser 50 55 60 5049PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 50Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu 1 5 10 15 His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu 20 25 30 Gly Leu Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr Leu Gln His Asn Glu Ile Gln 35 40 45 Glu 5136PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 51Asn Leu Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu 1 5 10 15 His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu 20 25 30 Gly Leu Glu Asn 35 5247PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 52Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met Glu His Asn Asn Val 1 5 10 15 Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg Gly Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Tyr 20 25 30 Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser 35 40 45 5340PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 53His Leu Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr Leu Gln His Asn Glu Ile Gln 20 25 30 Glu Val Gly Ser Ser Met Arg Gly 35 40 5434PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 54Phe Ser Lys Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Leu Asp Gly Asn Glu Ile Lys Arg 1 5 10 15 Ser Ala Met Pro Ala Asp Ala Pro Leu Cys Leu Arg Leu Ala Ser Leu 20 25 30 Ile Glu 5539PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 55Pro Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr Leu 1 5 10 15 Gln His Asn Glu Ile Gln Glu Val Gly Ser Ser Met Arg Gly Leu Arg 20 25 30 Ser Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu 35 5649PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 56Pro Asp Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met Glu His Asn 1 5 10 15 Asn Val Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg Gly Ala Pro Lys Leu 20 25 30 Leu Tyr Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala 35 40 45 Ser 5740PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 57Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn His Leu Arg Lys Val Pro Asp Gly Leu 1 5 10 15 Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met Glu His Asn Asn Val Tyr Thr 20 25 30 Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr Phe Arg Gly 35 40 5850PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 58Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg Leu Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn Leu 1 5 10 15 Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu 20 25 30 Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu 35 40 45 Glu Asn 50 5940PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 59Leu Arg Ser Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn His Leu Arg Lys 1 5 10 15 Val Pro Asp Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Met Glu His 20 25 30 Asn Asn Val Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp 35 40 6040PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 60Tyr Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser 1 5 10 15 Asn Thr Phe Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn 20 25 30 Gln Leu Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val 35 40 6140PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 61Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn Thr Phe Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu Leu Glu 1 5 10 15 Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Gln Leu Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val Asn Thr 20 25 30 Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu Tyr Leu Gln 35 40 6251PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 62His Trp Trp Phe His Tyr Leu Arg Ser Gln Gln Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Asp 1 5 10 15 Pro Tyr Asp Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Glu Thr Tyr Glu Pro Tyr Pro Tyr Gly 20 25 30 Val Asp Glu Gly Pro Ala Tyr Thr Tyr Gly Ser Pro Ser Pro Pro Asp 35 40 45 Pro Arg Asp 50 6339PRTArtificial SequenceSynthetic peptide 63His Asn Ser Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn Thr Phe Asn Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Asp

Leu Ser Tyr Asn Gln Leu Gln Lys Ile 20 25 30 Pro Pro Val Asn Thr Asn Leu 35 64112PRTHomo sapiens 64Ala Leu Asp Thr Asn Tyr Cys Phe Ser Ser Thr Glu Lys Asn Cys Cys 1 5 10 15 Val Arg Gln Leu Tyr Ile Asp Phe Arg Lys Asp Leu Gly Trp Lys Trp 20 25 30 Ile His Glu Pro Lys Gly Tyr His Ala Asn Phe Cys Leu Gly Pro Cys 35 40 45 Pro Tyr Ile Trp Ser Leu Asp Thr Gln Tyr Ser Lys Val Leu Ala Leu 50 55 60 Tyr Asn Gln His Asn Pro Gly Ala Ser Ala Ala Pro Cys Cys Val Pro 65 70 75 80 Gln Ala Leu Glu Pro Leu Pro Ile Val Tyr Tyr Val Gly Arg Lys Pro 85 90 95 Lys Val Glu Gln Leu Ser Asn Met Ile Val Arg Ser Cys Lys Cys Ser 100 105 110 65100PRTHomo sapiens 65Gln Asp Asn Cys Cys Leu Arg Pro Leu Tyr Ile Asp Phe Lys Arg Asp 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Trp Lys Trp Ile His Glu Pro Lys Gly Tyr Asn Ala Asn Phe 20 25 30 Cys Ala Gly Ala Cys Pro Tyr Leu Trp Ser Ser Asp Thr Gln His Arg 35 40 45 Val Leu Ser Leu Tyr Asn Thr Ile Asn Pro Glu Ala Ser Ala Ser Pro 50 55 60 Cys Cys Val Ser Gln Asp Leu Glu Pro Leu Thr Ile Leu Tyr Tyr Ile 65 70 75 80 Gly Lys Thr Pro Lys Ile Glu Gln Leu Ser Asn Met Ile Val Lys Ser 85 90 95 Cys Lys Cys Ser 100 6699PRTHomo sapiens 66Asn Cys Cys Val Arg Pro Leu Tyr Ile Asp Phe Arg Gln Asp Leu Gly 1 5 10 15 Trp Lys Trp Val His Glu Pro Lys Gly Tyr Tyr Ala Asn Phe Cys Ser 20 25 30 Gly Pro Cys Pro Tyr Leu Arg Ser Ala Asp Thr Thr His Ser Thr Val 35 40 45 Leu Gly Leu Tyr Asn Thr Leu Asn Pro Glu Ala Ser Ala Ser Pro Cys 50 55 60 Cys Val Pro Gln Asp Leu Glu Pro Leu Thr Ile Leu Tyr Tyr Val Gly 65 70 75 80 Arg Thr Pro Lys Val Glu Gln Leu Ser Asn Met Val Val Lys Ser Cys 85 90 95 Lys Cys Ser 67305PRTHomo sapiens 67Asp Pro Arg Asp Cys Pro Gln Glu Cys Asp Cys Pro Pro Asn Phe Pro 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Met Tyr Cys Asp Asn Arg Asn Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Phe Val 20 25 30 Pro Ser Arg Met Lys Tyr Val Tyr Phe Gln Asn Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser 35 40 45 Ile Gln Glu Gly Val Phe Asp Asn Ala Thr Gly Leu Leu Trp Ile Ala 50 55 60 Leu His Gly Asn Gln Ile Thr Ser Asp Lys Val Gly Arg Lys Val Phe 65 70 75 80 Ser Lys Leu Arg His Leu Glu Arg Leu Tyr Leu Asp His Asn Asn Leu 85 90 95 Thr Arg Met Pro Gly Pro Leu Pro Arg Ser Leu Arg Glu Leu His Leu 100 105 110 Asp His Asn Gln Ile Ser Arg Val Pro Asn Asn Ala Leu Glu Gly Leu 115 120 125 Glu Asn Leu Thr Ala Leu Tyr Leu Gln His Asn Glu Ile Gln Glu Val 130 135 140 Gly Ser Ser Met Arg Gly Leu Arg Ser Leu Ile Leu Leu Asp Leu Ser 145 150 155 160 Tyr Asn His Leu Arg Lys Val Pro Asp Gly Leu Pro Ser Ala Leu Glu 165 170 175 Gln Leu Tyr Met Glu His Asn Asn Val Tyr Thr Val Pro Asp Ser Tyr 180 185 190 Phe Arg Gly Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Tyr Val Arg Leu Ser His Asn Ser 195 200 205 Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn Thr Phe Asn Ser Ser Ser Leu 210 215 220 Leu Glu Leu Asp Leu Ser Tyr Asn Gln Leu Gln Lys Ile Pro Pro Val 225 230 235 240 Asn Thr Asn Leu Glu Asn Leu Tyr Leu Gln Gly Asn Arg Ile Asn Glu 245 250 255 Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Phe Cys Thr Val Val Asp Val Val Asn Phe Ser 260 265 270 Lys Leu Gln Val Leu Arg Leu Asp Gly Asn Glu Ile Lys Arg Ser Ala 275 280 285 Met Pro Ala Asp Ala Pro Leu Cys Leu Arg Leu Ala Ser Leu Ile Glu 290 295 300 Ile 305 68305PRTBos taurus 68Gly Pro Val Cys Pro Phe Arg Cys Gln Cys His Leu Arg Val Val Gln 1 5 10 15 Cys Ser Asp Leu Gly Leu Glu Lys Val Pro Lys Asp Leu Pro Pro Asp 20 25 30 Thr Ala Leu Leu Asp Leu Gln Asn Asn Lys Ile Thr Glu Ile Lys Asp 35 40 45 Gly Asp Phe Lys Asn Leu Lys Asn Leu His Thr Leu Ile Leu Ile Asn 50 55 60 Asn Lys Ile Ser Lys Ile Ser Pro Gly Ala Phe Ala Pro Leu Val Lys 65 70 75 80 Leu Glu Arg Leu Tyr Leu Ser Lys Asn Gln Leu Lys Glu Leu Pro Glu 85 90 95 Lys Met Pro Lys Thr Leu Gln Glu Leu Arg Val His Glu Asn Glu Ile 100 105 110 Thr Lys Val Arg Lys Ser Val Phe Asn Gly Leu Asn Gln Met Ile Val 115 120 125 Val Glu Leu Gly Thr Asn Pro Leu Lys Ser Ser Gly Ile Glu Asn Gly 130 135 140 Ala Phe Gln Gly Met Lys Lys Leu Ser Tyr Ile Arg Ile Ala Asp Thr 145 150 155 160 Asn Ile Thr Thr Ile Pro Gln Gly Leu Pro Pro Ser Leu Thr Glu Leu 165 170 175 His Leu Asp Gly Asn Lys Ile Thr Lys Val Asp Ala Ala Ser Leu Lys 180 185 190 Gly Leu Asn Asn Leu Ala Lys Leu Gly Leu Ser Phe Asn Ser Ile Ser 195 200 205 Ala Val Asp Asn Gly Ser Leu Ala Asn Thr Pro His Leu Arg Glu Leu 210 215 220 His Leu Asn Asn Asn Lys Leu Val Lys Val Pro Gly Gly Leu Ala Asp 225 230 235 240 His Lys Tyr Ile Gln Val Val Tyr Leu His Asn Asn Asn Ile Ser Ala 245 250 255 Ile Gly Ser Asn Asp Phe Cys Pro Pro Gly Tyr Asn Thr Lys Lys Ala 260 265 270 Ser Tyr Ser Gly Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Asn Pro Val Gln Tyr Trp Glu 275 280 285 Ile Gln Pro Ser Thr Phe Arg Cys Val Tyr Val Arg Ala Ala Val Gln 290 295 300 Leu 305

Claims

1. A method of making an isolated fibromodulin (FMOD) peptide (FMOD-P), comprising: designing a FMOD-P having the function to bind at least one beta-tissue growth factor (TGF-.beta.), and preparing the FMOD-P, wherein FMOD-P is an isoform of a full length FMOD and has consists of an amino acid sequence up to 91 amino acids in length.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the FMOD-P consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 6 0, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, and SEQ ID NO: 63.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein preparing comprises splicing FMOD at one or more selected sites to generate the FMOD-P.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein preparing comprises: expressing the isolated FMOD-P in a recombinant system; or producing the isolated FMOD-P in a cell free translation system.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein preparing comprises expressing the isolated FMOD-P in a bacterial, yeast, mammalian, or plant cell.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein designing is achieved by hydrophobic analysis of a primary or secondary structure of FMOD.

7. A method, comprising: providing an ingredient selected from any of the following: a) an isolated FMOD-P; b) a combination of isolated FMOD-P; c) an isolated FMOD-P or a combination of isolated FMOD-P and at least one TGF-.beta. isoform; d) isolated FMOD and an isolated FMOD-P or a combination of isolated FMOD-P; and e) any combination of a)-(d), forming a composition comprising any of ingredients a)-(e), wherein FMOD-P is an isoform of a full length FMOD and consists of an amino acid sequence up to 91 amino acids in length, wherein the at least one TGF-.beta. isoform is selected from the group consisting of TGF-.beta.1, TGF-.beta.2, TGF-.beta.3, and a combination thereof, and wherein the FMOD-P is capable of binding to at least one TGF-.beta. isoform.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein forming further comprises: providing an excipient, and forming a formulation comprising the ingredient and the excipient.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the FMOD-P consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 6 0, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, and SEQ ID NO: 63.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the FMOD consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO.2, SEQ ID NO.3, SEQ ID NO.4, SEQ ID NO.5, SEQ ID NO.6, SEQ ID NO.7, SEQ ID NO.8, SEQ ID NO.9, SEQ ID NO. 10, SEQ ID NO. 11, and SEQ ID NO. 12.

11. A method for treating, preventing, or ameliorating a body condition, comprising administering a composition to a subject, wherein the composition comprises an effective amount of any of the following ingredients: a) an isolated FMOD-P; b) a combination of isolated FMOD-P; c) an isolated FMOD-P or a combination of isolated FMOD-P and at least one TGF-.beta. isoform; d) isolated FMOD and an isolated FMOD-P or a combination of isolated FMOD-P; and e) any combination of (a)-(d), wherein FMOD-P is an isoform of a full length FMOD and consists of an amino acid sequence up to 91 amino acids in length, wherein FMOD-P is an isoform of FMOD having a shorter amino acid sequence than that of FMOD, wherein the at least one TGF-.beta. isoform is selected from the group consisting of TGF-.beta.1, TGF-.beta.2, TGF-.beta.3, and a combination thereof, wherein the FMOD-P is capable of binding to at least one TGF-.beta. isoform, and wherein the composition is suitable for systemic or local delivery and comprises the composition and an excipient.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the body condition is selected from the group consisting of excessive fibrosis or scar formation that are associated with high TGF-.beta. expression, hypertrophic scars, keloids, radiation fibrosis, and fibrotic conditions in organ systems other than skin.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the body condition is pulmonary fibrosis or a liver, kidney, cornea, intra-abdominal, gastrointestinal, urological, neurological, or cardiovascular condition.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the FMOD-P consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 6 0, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, and SEQ ID NO: 63.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the FMOD consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO.2, SEQ ID NO.3, SEQ ID NO.4, SEQ ID NO.5, SEQ ID NO.6, SEQ ID NO.7, SEQ ID NO.8, SEQ ID NO.9, SEQ ID NO. 10, SEQ ID NO. 11, and SEQ ID NO. 12.

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