DNA VACCINES ENCODING HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS

Abstract

A method of treating a T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease by administering to an individual in need thereof an immunogenic composition comprising a recombinant construct of a nucleic acid sequence encoding heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90), or an active fragment thereof, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is operatively linked to one or more transcription control sequences. The disease is other than insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or rheumatoid arthritis. The administering of the immunogenic composition results in a shift of the immune response to a Th2 response, thereby treating the disease.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to recombinant constructs encoding heat shock proteins or active fragments thereof, effective in treating T cell mediated diseases including inflammatory autoimmune diseases by DNA vaccination. The present invention further relates to compositions and methods for treating T cell mediated diseases.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] While the normal immune system is closely regulated, aberrations in immune responses are not uncommon. In some instances, the immune system functions inappropriately and reacts to a component of the host as if it were, in fact, foreign. Such a response results in an autoimmune disease, in which the host's immune system attacks the host's own tissue. T cells, as the primary regulators of the immune system, directly or indirectly effect such autoimmune pathologies. T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases refer to any condition in which an inappropriate T cell response is a component of the disease. This includes both diseases directly mediated by T cells, and also diseases in which an inappropriate T cell response contributes to the production of abnormal antibodies.

[0003] Numerous diseases are believed to result from autoimmune mechanisms. Prominent among these are rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, Type I diabetes, myasthenia gravis and pemphigus vulgaris. Autoimmune diseases affect millions of individuals world-wide and the cost of these diseases, in terms of actual treatment expenditures and lost productivity, is measured in billions of dollars annually.

[0004] Adjuvant arthritis (AA) is an experimental autoimmune disease that models several features of human rheumatoid arthritis (1). AA is induced in Lewis rats by immunization with heat killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) suspended in Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA) (1). T-cell reactivity against the mycobacterial 65 kDa heat shock protein (HSP65) is involved in the progression of AA. HSP65-specific T-cells directed against an epitope formed by aa 180-188 (2) cross-react with a self-antigen present in cartilage (3) and can adoptively transfer AA (4, 5). However, vaccination with HSP65 or HSP65-peptides can also prevent the development of AA (6-11). The regulatory properties of HSP65 in AA are thought to involve the activation of T-cells cross-reactive with the endogenous 60 kDa heat shock protein (HSP60) (12). This hypothesis is supported by the finding that immunization with a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding human HSP60 (about 95% homologous to rat HSP60) prevents (13) or treats (14) AA. The inventor of the present invention have recently reported that DNA vaccination with human HSP60 prevents AA (15). Protection from AA was associated with the activation of T-cells responding to HSP60 (15). The human hsp60 molecule was formerly designated HSP65, but is now designated HSP60 in view of more accurate molecular weight information; by either designation, the protein is the same.

[0005] A preferable method for treating autoimmune diseases includes modulating the immune system of a patient to assist the patient's natural defense mechanisms. Traditional reagents and methods used to attempt to regulate an immune response in a patient also result in unwanted side effects and have limited effectiveness. For example, immunosuppressive reagents (e.g., cyclosporin A, azathioprine, and prednisone) used to treat patients with autoimmune diseases also suppress the patient's entire immune response, thereby increasing the risk of infection. In addition, immunopharmacological reagents used to treat cancer (e.g., interleukins) are short-lived in the circulation of a patient and are ineffective except in large doses. Due to the medical importance of immune regulation and the inadequacies of existing immunopharmacological reagents, reagents and methods to regulate specific parts of the immune system have been the subject of study for many years.

[0006] EP 262710 of Cohen et al. discloses the use of HSP65, or fragments thereof for the preparation of compositions for the alleviation, treatment and diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, especially arthritic conditions. EP 322990 of Cohen et al. discloses that a polypeptide having amino acid sequence 172-192 of HSP65 is capable of inducing resistance to auto-immune arthritis and similar auto-immune diseases. WO 92/04049 of Boog et al. discloses peptides derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein HSP-65 containing at least 7 amino acid residues and inhibits antigen recognition by T lymphocytes in treatment of arthritis and organ rejection.

[0007] WO 01/57056 of Karin discloses a method of treating rheumatoid arthritis. The method comprising the step of expressing within the individual at least an immunologically recognizable portion of a cytokine from an exogenous polynucleotide encoding at least a portion of the cytokine, wherein a level of expression of the at least a portion of the cytokine is sufficient to induce the formation of anti-cytokine immunoglobulins which serve for neutralizing or ameliorating the activity of a respective and/or cross reactive endogenous cytokine, to thereby treat rheumatoid arthritis. U.S. Pat. No. 6,316,420 to Karin and coworkers further discloses DNA cytokine vaccines and use of same for protective immunity against multiple sclerosis.

[0008] WO 02/16549 of Cohen et al., assigned to the assignee of the present invention, relates to DNA vaccines useful for the prevention and treatment of ongoing autoimmune diseases. The compositions and methods of the invention feature the CpG oligonucleotide, preferably in a motif flanked by two 5' purines and two 3' pyrimidines. The vaccines optionally further comprise DNA encoding a peptide or a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of Hsp60, p277 or p277 variants. That disclosure is directed to methods and compositions for the ameliorative treatment of ongoing autoimmune disease in general and Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) in particular.

[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 5,993,803 discloses that when HSP60, or peptides and analogs thereof, are administered in a recipient subject before transplantation of an organ or tissue, autoimmunity to HSP60 is down-regulated, resulting in the prevention or suppression of graft rejection of the transplanted organ or tissue.

[0010] WO 00/27870 of Naparstek and colleagues discloses a series of related peptides derived from heat shock proteins HSP65 and HSP60, their sequences, antibodies, and use as vaccines for conferring immunity against autoimmune and/or inflammatory disorders such as arthritis. These peptides are intended by the inventors to represent the shortest sequence or epitope that is involved in protection of susceptible rat strains against adjuvant induced arthritis. These sequences further disclose what the inventors identify as the common "protective motif".

[0011] There exists a long-felt need for an effective means of curing or ameliorating T cell mediated inflammatory autoimmune diseases. None of the background art discloses DNA vaccines encoding heat shock proteins for treating T cell mediated inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Such a treatment should ideally control the inappropriate T cell response, rather than merely reducing the symptoms.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0012] DNA vaccination represents a novel and unexpectedly effective means of expressing antigen in vivo for the generation of both humoral and cellular immune responses. The present invention uses this technology to elicit protective immunity against T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. The compositions and methods of the present invention are effective in any T-cell mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease including but not limited to: rheumatoid arthritis, collagen II arthritis, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune neuritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, juvenile onset diabetes, Sjogren's disease, thyroid disease, sarcoidosis, autoimmune uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's and ulcerative colitis) or autoimmune hepatitis.

[0013] In one aspect, the present invention is related to DNA vaccines encoding heat shock proteins for treating T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune diseases. According to various specific embodiments of the present invention, the heat shock proteins are mammalian heat shock proteins, preferably the full-length heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), the full-length heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) or the full-length heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). The heat shock proteins according to the present invention are preferably human heat shock proteins, however other mammalian heat shock proteins are within the scope of the present invention. According to another embodiment, the full-length heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has the amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO:4--SEQ ID NO:11. According to another embodiment, the full-length heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has the amino acid sequence as set forth as SEQ ID NO:4. According to another embodiment, the full-length heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) has the amino acid sequence as set forth as SEQ ID NO:12.

[0014] According to various additional embodiments of the present invention, the DNA vaccines encode active fragments of HSP60, HSP70 or HSP90. In certain specific embodiments, the DNA vaccines encode active fragments of HSP60. Preferred fragments of HSP60 correspond to amino acids 1-140 of HSP60 (SEQ ID NO:1), amino acids 130-260 of HSP60 (SEQ ID NO:2) or amino acids 31-50 of HSP60 (SEQ ID NO:3).

[0015] The treatment with the DNA vaccines of the present invention provides long-term expression of specific heat shock proteins or active fragments thereof. Such long-term expression allows for the maintenance of an effective, but non-toxic, dose of the encoded polypeptides to treat the disease and limits the frequency of administration of the therapeutic composition needed to treat an animal. In addition, because of the lack of toxicity, therapeutic compositions of the present invention can be used in repeated treatments.

[0016] In another aspect, the present invention is related to novel recombinant constructs comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding at least part of a heat shock protein being operatively linked to at least one transcription control element. According to various embodiments of the present invention, the heat shock protein is a mammalian heat shock protein, preferably the full-length HSP60, the full-length HSP70 or the full-length HSP90. The heat shock proteins according to the present invention are preferably human heat shock proteins, however other mammalian heat shock proteins are within the scope of the present invention.

[0017] According to various embodiments of the present invention, the recombinant constructs encoding active fragments of HSP60, HSP70 or HSP90. In a preferred embodiment, the recombinant constructs encode active fragments of HSP60, said active fragments selected from: amino acids 1-140 of HSP60 (SEQ ID NO:1), amino acids 130-260 of HSP60 (SEQ ID NO:2) or amino acids 31-50 of HSP60 (SEQ ID NO:3), the nucleic acid sequence being operatively linked to at least one transcription control element.

[0018] According to various specific embodiments, the constructs of the present invention comprise at least one transcription control element selected from the group consisting of: RSV control sequences, CMV control sequences, retroviral LTR sequences, SV-40 control sequences and β-actin control sequences.

[0019] In another aspect, the present invention is related to an eukaryotic expression vector comprising the recombinant constructs of the present invention. According to various embodiments, the eukaryotic expression vector is selected from pcDNA3, pcDNA3.1(+/-), pZeoSV2(+/-), pSecTag2, pDisplay, pEF/myc/cyto, pCMV/myc/cyto, pCR3.1, pCI, pBK-RSV, pBK-CMV and pTRES.

[0020] Another aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition effective for treating a T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease, the composition comprising (a) a recombinant construct comprising an isolated nucleic acid sequence encoding a heat shock protein, or an active fragment thereof, the nucleic acid sequence being operatively linked to one or more transcription control sequences; and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0021] In one embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encodes the full-length HSP60, the full-length HSP70 or the full-length HSP90. In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding an active fragment of HSP60, HSP70 or HSP90. In a preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acids 1-140 of human HSP60 (SEQ ID NO:1). In another preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acids 130-260 of human HSP60 (SEQ ID NO:2). In yet another preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acids 31-50 of human HSP60 (SEQ ID NO:3).

[0022] The pharmaceutical compositions comprising the recombinant constructs according to the present invention may advantageously comprise liposomes, micelles, emulsions or cells. Still further embodiments utilize a virus as is known in the art in order to introduce and express the nucleic acid sequences according to the present invention in the host cells.

[0023] In another aspect, the present invention is related to a method of inhibiting or preventing the symptoms of a T-cell mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease, the method comprising administering to an individual in need of said treatment, preferably a human individual, a therapeutic composition comprising a recombinant construct, said recombinant construct comprising an isolated nucleic acid sequence encoding a heat shock protein, or a fragment thereof, thereby inhibiting or preventing the symptoms of said autoimmune disease.

[0024] In one embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encodes the full-length HSP60, the full-length HSP70 or the full-length HSP90. In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding the full-length HSP70 has the nucleic acid sequence as set forth as SEQ ID NO:13. In another embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence encoding the full-length HSP90 has the nucleic acid sequence as set forth as SEQ ID NO:14.

[0025] According to various embodiments, the compositions and methods of the present invention are effective in any T-cell mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease such as: rheumatoid arthritis, collagen II arthritis, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune neuritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, juvenile onset diabetes, Sjogren's disease, thyroid disease, sarcoidosis, autoimmune uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's and ulcerative colitis) or autoimmune hepatitis.

[0026] The present invention is particularly exemplified by the animal disease model of adjuvant arthritis (AA), a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease that serves as an experimental model for rheumatoid arthritis. This model is intended as a non-limitative example used for illustrative purposes of the principles of the invention

[0027] In one embodiment, the therapeutic composition of the present invention is administered to an individual at risk of developing a T-cell mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease, thus serving as a preventive treatment. In another embodiment, the therapeutic composition of the present invention is administered to an individual during the initial stages of the disease or after the appearance of disease symptoms.

[0028] According to another aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating a T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease comprising the steps of (a) obtaining cells from an individual; (b) transfecting the cells ex vivo with a recombinant construct comprising an isolated nucleic acid sequence encoding a heat shock protein, or a fragment thereof, the nucleic acid sequence being operatively linked to one or more transcription control sequences; and (c) reintroducing the transfected cells to the individual.

[0029] According to another aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating a T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease comprising the steps of (a) obtaining cells from an individual; (b) infecting the cells ex vivo with a virus comprising a recombinant construct comprising an isolated nucleic acid sequence encoding a heat shock protein, or a fragment thereof, the nucleic acid sequence being operatively linked to one or more transcription control sequences; and (c) reintroducing the infected cells to the individual.

[0030] According to another aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating a T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease comprising administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutic composition comprising (a) a fragment of mammalian HSP60 having amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO:3; and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0031] According to another aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating arthritis, said method comprising administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutic composition comprising (a) a fragment of mammalian HSP60 having amino acid sequence Lys Phe Gly Ala Asp Ala Arg Ala Leu Met Leu Gln Gly Val Asp Leu Leu Ala Asp Ala corresponding to amino acid residus 31-50 of human HSP60 (denoted as SEQ ID NO:3); and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, thereby treating arthritis. According to various embodiments, the carrier comprises a delivery vehicle that delivers the fragment to the individual.

[0032] According to another aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating arthritis, said method comprising the steps of (a) obtaining cells from an individual; (b) exposing the cells ex vivo with an active amount of a fragment of mammalian HSP60 having amino acid sequence corresponding to amino acids 31-50 of HSP60 (denoted as SEQ ID NO:3); and (c) reintroducing the exposed cells to the individual, thereby treating arthritis. In a preferred embodiment the cells are autologous T cells. In another preferred embodiment, the mammalian HSP60 is human HSP60.

[0033] These and further embodiments will be apparent from the detailed description and examples that follow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] FIG. 1: Prevention of AA by vaccination with pI and pII. A. Time course of AA. Rats were vaccinated in the quadriceps three times (on days -40, -26-12 relative to AA induction) with 150 μg of pcDNA3, pI, pII, pIII, pIV or pV. On day 0, AA was induced by injecting 1 mg of Mt suspended in 100 μl of IFA, and arthritis scores were assessed every two or three days starting at day 10. Bars show the mean±SEM assessment of disease severity. B. Leg swelling measured at day 26 after AA induction.

[0035] FIG. 2: pHSP60 and pI-vaccination activate T-cell responses to Hu3. A. Proliferative responses (Stimulation Index, SI) to overlaping peptides corresponding to the first 260 aa of HSP60. Rats vaccinated were killed and LNC were collected on day 26 after induction of AA. B. Dose-response to Hu3 of pHSP60, pHSP65 and pcDNA3-vaccinated rats. Rats vaccinated were killed and LNC were collected on day 26 after induction of AA. C. Dose-response to Hu3 of pI, pII and pcDNA3-vaccinated rats. Rats vaccinated were killed and LNC were collected on day 26 after induction of AA.

[0036] FIG. 3: Prevention of AA by vaccination with Hu3. A. Time course of AA. Rats were vaccinated once (on day -7 relative to AA induction) with 100 μg of Hu3, Hu12, Mt3 or PBS in 100 μl of IFA, or left unvaccinated (AA); and AA was induced on day 0 and arthritis scores were assessed. B. Leg swelling measured on day 26 after AA induction.

[0037] FIG. 4: Prevention of AA by transfer of Con A-activated splenocytes from Hu3-vaccinated rats. A. Time course of AA. Rats were vaccinated once (on day -7 relative to AA induction) with 100 μg of Hu3 or Mt3 in 100 μl of IFA and AA was induced on day O, Splenocytes were collected on day 26 after induction of AA, activated for 48 hr with Con A and transferred iv to naive rats. Three days later, AA was induced in the recipients and arthritis scores were assessed. B. Leg swelling measured on day 26 after AA induction.

[0038] FIG. 5: T-cell responses after DNA vaccination. Lewis rats were vaccinated with pI, pII or pcDNA3 and AA was induced. Twenty-six days later, LNC were collected, and the proliferative responses to (A) PPD, (B) HSP65, Mt176-190, Mt3, HSP60 and Hu3 were studied.

[0039] FIG. 6: Cytokine secretion after DNA vaccination. Lewis rats were vaccinated with pI, pII or pcDNA3 and AA was induced. Twenty-six days later, LNC were collected, stimulated in vitro with PPD, (B) HSP65, Mt176-190, Mt3, HSP60 and Hu3 and the supernatants were tested after 72 hr for the amounts of secreted (A) INFy, (B) IL-10 or (C) TGFβ1.

[0040] FIG. 7: T-cell responses after DNA vaccination. Lewis rats were vaccinated with Hu3, Mt3, Hu12 or PBS and AA was induced. Twenty-six days later, LNC were collected, and the proliferative responses to (A) PPD, (B) HSP65, Mt176-190, Mt3, HSP60 and Hu3 were studied.

[0041] FIG. 8: Cytokine secretion after DNA vaccination. Lewis rats were vaccinated with Hu3, Mt3, Hu12 or PBS, and AA was induced. Twenty-six days later, LNC were collected, stimulated in vitro with PPD, (B) HSP65, Mt176-190, Mt3, HSP60 and Hu3 and the supernatants were tested after 72 hr for the amounts of secreted (A) INFγ, (B) IL-10 or (C) TGFβ1.

[0042] FIG. 9: Modulation of AA by preimmunization with pHSP60 or pHSP65. A. Time course of AA. Rats were vaccinated in the quadriceps three times (on days -40, -26-12 relative to AA induction) with 150 μg of pcDNA3, pMBP, pHSP60 or pHSP65, or left untreated as controls (AA). On day 0 AA was induced by injecting 1 mg of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) suspended in 100 μl of IFA, and arthritis scores were assessed every two or three days starting at day 8 after Mt injection. B. Leg swelling measured at day 26 after AA induction.

[0043] FIG. 10: Proliferative responses to HSP60, HSP65 and PPD in pHSP60--, pMBP and pcDNA3-vaccinated animals. Female Lewis rats were vaccinated in the quadriceps three times (on days -40, -26-12 relative to AA induction) with 150 μg of pHSP60, pMBP or pcDNA3, beginning 5 days after i.m. injection of 200 μl of cardiotoxin 10 μM. A group was left untreated as a control. Animals were killed and LNC were collected on day -1 prior to the induction of AA.

[0044] FIG. 11: T-cell responses in AA rats vaccinated with pcDNA3. Animals vaccinated with pcDNA3 were killed on day 26 after induction of AA and their LNC were collected and stimulated in vitro for 72 hrs in the presence of different concentrations of antigen. The release of IFNγ and IL-10 was studied.

[0045] FIG. 12: Effect of vaccination on cytokine secretion. Animals vaccinated with pHSP60, pHSP65 or Hu3 were killed on day 26 after induction of AA and their LNC were collected. The cells were stimulated for 72 hrs in the presence of different antigens, and the proliferation (a) or the release of IFNγ (b), IL-10 (c) and TGFβ1 (d) were studied and are illustrated.

[0046] FIG. 13: Inhibition of AA by preimmunization with pHSP70 or pHSP90. A. Time course of AA. B. Maximal arthritis score. C. Day of onset. D. Difference in leg swelling measured at day 26 after AA induction.

[0047] FIG. 14. Humoral response in DNA vaccinated rats. A. Antibodies to HSP70 in pHSP70-immunized rats. B. Antibodies to HSP90 in pHSP90-- immunized rats. The day of induction of AA was considered day 0.

[0048] FIG. 15. T-cell response to the immunizing antigen in DNA-vaccinated rats. A. Proliferative response to HSP70 in pHSP70-immunized rats. The results are presented as the mean±SD of the stimulation index (SI) in quadruplicate cultures. B. Proliferative response to HSP90 in pHSP90-- immunized rats. The results are presented as the mean±SD of the SI in quadruplicate cultures.

[0049] FIG. 16. Cytokine secretion in response to stimulation with the immunizing antigen in DNA-vaccinated rats. Draining lymph node cells were stimulated for 72 hrs in the presence of HSP70 or HSP90, and the content of IFNγ (A) or IL-10 (B) was determined in the supernatants by capture ELISA.

[0050] FIG. 17: Effect of DNA vaccination on T-cell proliferation following AA induction. The results are expressed as the percent change in proliferation relative to the responses of untreated rats, 26 after the induction of AA.

[0051] FIG. 18: Effect of DNA vaccination on cytokine secretion following AA induction. DLN cells were stimulated for 72 hrs in the presence of HSP70 or HSP90, and the content of IFNγ (A), IL-10 (B) or TGFβ1 (C) was determined in the supernatants by capture ELISA.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0052] According to the present invention it is now disclosed that it is possible to treat or prevent T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune diseases by using DNA vaccines encoding a heat shock protein, or active fragments thereof. The compositions and methods of the present invention are effective in any T-cell mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease including but not limited to: rheumatoid arthritis, collagen II arthritis, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune neuritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, juvenile onset diabetes, Sjogren's disease, thyroid disease, sarcoidosis, autoimmune uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's and ulcerative colitis) or autoimmune hepatitis.

[0053] The present invention is based in part on studies of the role of DNA vaccines encoding a heat shock protein, or fragments thereof in adjuvant induced arthritis in experimental rats. Specifically, the present invention is based on the unexpected discovery that certain DNA constructs encoding specific heat shock proteins, such as HSP60, HSP70 or HSP90, or active fragments thereof are useful in decreasing the symptoms associated with arthritis. The protective effect of these DNA constructs was reflected for example by a significant reduction in ankle swelling.

[0054] It is now disclosed that it is possible to treat or prevent T cell-mediated diseases by using DNA vaccines encoding mammalian heat shock proteins or active fragments thereof. The present invention is based in part on studies of the role of the immune response to HSP60 in adjuvant induced arthritis in experimental rats, using DNA vaccines encoding human HSP60, human HSP70, human HSP90 or active fragments thereof. The results led to the identification of novel constructs encoding at least part of the HSP60 sequence that could effectively suppress AA. In addition, specific HSP60 fragments were found to be effective in suppressing AA. The immune effects associated with specific DNA or peptide suppression of AA were complex and included enhanced T-cell proliferation to a variety of disease-associated antigens. Effective vaccination with HSP60 DNA fragments or the HSP60 peptide led to up-regulation of IFNγ secretion to HSP60 and, concomitantly to down-regulation of IFNγ secretion to mycobacterial HSP65 epitopes. There were also variable changes in the profiles of IL-10 secretion to those antigens. The production of TGFβ1, however, was enhanced to both HSP60 and HSP65 epitopes. The regulation of AA might be due to the induction of regulatory T-cells directed to HSP60, secreting both Th1 and Th2 cytokines that shifted the immune response towards mycobacterial antigens to a Th2 non-pathogenic response.

[0055] The present invention provides an effective method of DNA vaccination for T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune diseases, which avoids many of the problems associated with the previously suggested methods of treatment. By vaccinating, rather than passively administering heterologous antibodies, the host's own immune system is mobilized to suppress the autoaggressive T cells. Thus, the suppression is persistent and may involve any and all immunological mechanisms in effecting that suppression. This multi-faceted response is more effective than the uni-dimensional suppression achieved by passive administration of monoclonal antibodies or extant-derived regulatory T cell clones.

[0056] In one aspect, the present invention is related to novel recombinant constructs comprising a nucleic acid sequence corresponding to mammalian heat shock proteins, the nucleic acid sequence being operatively linked to at least one transcription control element. Preferably, the recombinant constructs of the present invention correspond to human heat shock proteins. However, recombinant constructs corresponding to the rat or mouse heat shock proteins may also be used in the present invention.

[0057] The nucleic acid sequence corresponding to mammalian heat shock proteins may include DNA, RNA, or derivatives of either DNA or RNA. An isolated nucleic acid sequence encoding heat shock proteins can be obtained from its natural source, either as an entire (i.e., complete) gene or a portion thereof. A nucleic acid molecule can also be produced using recombinant DNA technology (e.g., polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, cloning) or chemical synthesis. Nucleic acid sequences include natural nucleic acid sequences and homologues thereof, including, but not limited to, natural allelic variants and modified nucleic acid sequences in which nucleotides have been inserted, deleted, substituted, and/or inverted in such a manner that such modifications do not substantially interfere with the nucleic acid molecule's ability to encode a functional heat shock protein or an active fragment thereof.

[0058] A nucleic acid sequence homologue can be produced using a number of methods known to those skilled in the art (see, for example, Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Labs Press, 1989). For example, nucleic acid sequences can be modified using a variety of techniques including, but not limited to, classic mutagenesis techniques and recombinant DNA techniques, such as site-directed mutagenesis, chemical treatment of a nucleic acid molecule to induce mutations, restriction enzyme cleavage of a nucleic acid fragment, ligation of nucleic acid fragments, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and/or mutagenesis of selected regions of a nucleic acid sequence, synthesis of oligonucleotide mixtures and ligation of mixture groups to "build" a mixture of nucleic acid molecules and combinations thereof. Nucleic acid molecule homologues can be selected from a mixture of modified nucleic acids by screening for the function of the protein encoded by the nucleic acid.

[0059] The present invention includes a nucleic acid sequence operatively linked to one or more transcription control sequences to form a recombinant molecule. The phrase "operatively linked" refers to linking a nucleic acid sequence to a transcription control sequence in a manner such that the molecule is able to be expressed when transfected (i.e., transformed, transduced or transfected) into a host cell. Transcription control sequences are sequences which control the initiation, elongation, and termination of transcription. Particularly important transcription control sequences are those which control transcription initiation, such as promoter, enhancer, operator and repressor sequences. Suitable transcription control sequences include any transcription control sequence that can function in at least one of the recombinant cells of the present invention. A variety of such transcription control sequences are known to those skilled in the art. Preferred transcription control sequences include those which function in animal, bacteria, helminth, insect cells, and preferably in animal cells. More preferred transcription control sequences include, but are not limited to RSV control sequences, CMV control sequences, retroviral LTR sequences, SV-40 control sequences and β-actin control sequences as well as other sequences capable of controlling gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Additional suitable transcription control sequences include tissue-specific promoters and enhancers (e.g., T cell-specific enhancers and promoters). Transcription control sequences of the present invention can also include naturally occurring transcription control sequences naturally associated with a gene encoding a heat shock protein of the present invention.

[0060] The present invention is further related to an expression vector comprising the recombinant constructs of the present invention. Suitable eukaryotic expression vector is for example: pcDNA3, pcDNA3.1(+/-), pZeoSV2(+/-), pSecTag2, pDisplay, pEF/myc/cyto, pCMV/myc/cyto, pCR3.1, pCI, pBK-RSV, pBK-CMV, pTRES or their derivatives.

[0061] According to the present invention, a host cell can be transfected in vivo (i.e., in an animal) or ex vivo (i.e., outside of an animal). Transfection of a nucleic acid molecule into a host cell can be accomplished by any method by which a nucleic acid molecule can be inserted into the cell. Transfection techniques include, but are not limited to, transfection, electroporation, microinjection, lipofection, adsorption, and protoplast fusion. Preferred methods to transfect host cells in vivo include lipofection and adsorption.

[0062] It may be appreciated by one skilled in the art that use of recombinant DNA technologies can improve expression of transfected nucleic acid molecules by manipulating, for example, the number of copies of the nucleic acid molecules within a host cell, the efficiency with which those nucleic acid molecules are transcribed, the efficiency with which the resultant transcripts are translated, and the efficiency of post-translational modifications. Recombinant techniques useful for increasing the expression of nucleic acid molecules of the present invention include, but are not limited to, operatively linking nucleic acid molecules to high-copy number plasmids, integration of the nucleic acid molecules into one or more host cell chromosomes, addition of vector stability sequences to plasmids, substitutions or modifications of transcription control signals (e.g., promoters, operators, enhancers), substitutions or modifications of translational control signals (e.g., ribosome binding sites, Shine-Dalgarno sequences), modification of nucleic acid molecules of the present invention to correspond to the codon usage of the host cell, and deletion of sequences that destabilize transcripts.

[0063] According to yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided a pharmaceutical composition suitable for effecting the above methods of the present invention. The composition includes a recombinant construct including an isolated nucleic acid sequence encoding a heat shock protein or a fragment thereof, the nucleic acid sequence being operatively linked to one or more transcription control sequences, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0064] In one embodiment of the invention, the composition is useful for treating a T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, collagen II arthritis, autoimmune neuritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, juvenile onset diabetes, Sjogren's disease, thyroid disease, sarcoidosis, autoimmune uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's and ulcerative colitis) or autoimmune hepatitis.

[0065] The therapeutic composition of the invention is administered to an individual in need of said treatment. According to still further features in the described preferred embodiments the individual is selected from the group consisting of humans, dogs, cats, sheep, cattle, horses and pigs.

[0066] In another embodiment of the present invention, a therapeutic composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. As used herein, a "carrier" refers to any substance suitable as a vehicle for delivering a nucleic acid sequence of the present invention to a suitable in vivo site. As such, carriers can act as a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient of a therapeutic composition containing a nucleic acid molecule of the present invention. Preferred carriers are capable of maintaining a nucleic acid molecule of the present invention in a form that, upon arrival of the nucleic acid molecule to a cell, the nucleic acid molecule is capable of entering the cell and being expressed by the cell. Carriers of the present invention include: (1) excipients or formularies that transport, but do not specifically target a nucleic acid molecule to a cell (referred to herein as non-targeting carriers); and (2) excipients or formularies that deliver a nucleic acid molecule to a specific site in an animal or a specific cell (i.e., targeting carriers). Examples of non-targeting carriers include, but are not limited to water, phosphate buffered saline, Ringer's solution, dextrose solution, serum-containing solutions, Hank's solution, other aqueous physiologically balanced solutions, oils, esters and glycols. Aqueous carriers can contain suitable auxiliary substances required to approximate the physiological conditions of the recipient, for example, by enhancing chemical stability and isotonicity.

[0067] Suitable auxiliary substances include, for example, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and other substances used to produce phosphate buffer, Tris buffer, and bicarbonate buffer. Auxiliary substances can also include preservatives, such as thimerosal, m- and o-cresol, formalin and benzol alcohol. Preferred auxiliary substances for aerosol delivery include surfactant substances non-toxic to an animal, for example, esters or partial esters of fatty acids containing from about six to about twenty-two carbon atoms. Examples of esters include, caproic, octanoic, lauric, palmitic, stearic, linoleic, linolenic, olesteric, and oleic acids. Other carriers can include metal particles (e.g., gold particles) for use with, for example, a biolistic gun through the skin. Therapeutic compositions of the present invention can be sterilized by conventional methods.

[0068] Targeting carriers are herein referred to as "delivery vehicles". Delivery vehicles of the present invention are capable of delivering a therapeutic composition of the present invention to a target site in an animal. A "target site" refers to a site in an animal to which one desires to deliver a therapeutic composition. For example, a target site can be a cancer cell, a tumor, or a lesion caused by an infectious agent, or an area around such cell, tumor or lesion, which is targeted by direct injection or delivery using liposomes or other delivery vehicles. Examples of delivery vehicles include, but are not limited to, artificial and natural lipid-containing delivery vehicles. Natural lipid-containing delivery vehicles include cells and cellular membranes. Artificial lipid-containing delivery vehicles include liposomes and micelles. A delivery vehicle of the present invention can be modified to target to a particular site in an animal, thereby targeting and making use of a nucleic acid molecule of the present invention at that site. Suitable modifications include manipulating the chemical formula of the lipid portion of the delivery vehicle and/or introducing into the vehicle a compound capable of specifically targeting a delivery vehicle to a preferred site, for example, a preferred cell type. Specifically targeting refers to causing a delivery vehicle to bind to a particular cell by the interaction of the compound in the vehicle to a molecule on the surface of the cell. Suitable targeting compounds include ligands capable of selectively (i.e., specifically) binding another molecule at a particular site. Examples of such ligands include antibodies, antigens, receptors and receptor ligands. For example, an antibody specific for an antigen found on the surface of a cancer cell can be introduced to the outer surface of a liposome delivery vehicle so as to target the delivery vehicle to the cancer cell. Tumor cell ligands include ligands capable of binding to a molecule on the surface of a tumor cell. Manipulating the chemical formula of the lipid portion of the delivery vehicle can modulate the extracellular or intracellular targeting of the delivery vehicle. For example, a chemical can be added to the lipid formula of a liposome that alters the charge of the lipid bilayer of the liposome so that the liposome fuses with particular cells having particular charge characteristics.

[0069] According to one embodiment, fat emulsions may be used as a vehicle for DNA vaccines. Two examples of such emulsions are the available commercial fat emulsions known as Intralipid and Lipofundin. "Intralipid" is a registered trademark of Kabi Pharmacia, Sweden, for a fat emulsion for intravenous nutrition, described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,169,094. "Lipofundin" is a registered trademark of B. Braun Melsungen, Germany. Both contain soybean oil as fat (100 or 200 g in 1,000 ml distilled water: 10% or 20%, respectively). Egg-yolk phospholipids are used as emulsifiers in Intralipid (12 g/l distilled water) and egg-yolk lecithin in Lipofundin (12 g/l distilled water). Isotonicity results from the addition of glycerol (25 g/l) both in Intralipid and Lipofundin.

[0070] According to another embodiment, the delivery vehicle of the present invention may be a liposome. A liposome is capable of remaining stable in an animal for a sufficient amount of time to deliver a nucleic acid sequence of the present invention to a preferred site in the animal. A liposome of the present invention is preferably stable in the animal into which it has been administered for at least about 30 minutes, more preferably for at least about 1 hour and even more preferably for at least about 24 hours.

[0071] A liposome of the present invention comprises a lipid composition that is capable of fusing with the plasma membrane of the targeted cell to deliver a nucleic acid molecule into a cell. Preferably, the transfection efficiency of a liposome of the present invention is about 0.5 microgram (μg) of DNA per 16 nanomole (nmol) of liposome delivered to about 10⁶ cells, more preferably about 1.0 μg of DNA per 16 nmol of liposome delivered to about 10⁶ cells, and even more preferably about 2.0 μg of DNA per 16 nmol of liposome delivered to about 10⁶ cells.

[0072] A preferred liposome of the present invention is between about 100 and 500 nanometers (nm), more preferably between about 150 and 450 nm and even more preferably between about 200 and 400 nm in diameter.

[0073] Suitable liposomes for use with the present invention include any liposome. Preferred liposomes of the present invention include those liposomes standardly used in, for example, gene delivery methods known to those of skill in the art. More preferred liposomes comprise liposomes having a polycationic lipid composition and/or liposomes having a cholesterol backbone conjugated to polyethylene glycol.

[0074] Complexing a liposome with a nucleic acid sequence of the present invention can be achieved using methods standard in the art. A suitable concentration of a nucleic acid molecule of the present invention to add to a liposome includes a concentration effective for delivering a sufficient amount of nucleic acid molecule to a cell such that the cell can produce sufficient heat shock protein to regulate effector cell immunity in a desired manner. Preferably, from about 0.1 μg to about 10 μg of nucleic acid sequence of the present invention is combined with about 8 nmol liposomes, more preferably from about 0.5 μg to about 5 μg of nucleic acid molecule is combined with about 8 nmol liposomes, and even more preferably about 1.0 μg of nucleic acid molecule is combined with about 8 nmol liposomes.

[0075] According to another embodiment, the delivery vehicle comprises a recombinant cell vaccine. Preferred recombinant cell vaccines of the present invention include cell vaccines, in which allogeneic (i.e., cells derived from a source other than a patient, but that are histiotype compatible with the patient) or autologous (i.e., cells isolated from a patient) cells are transfected with recombinant molecules contained in a therapeutic composition, irradiated and administered to a patient by, for example, intradermal, intravenous or subcutaneous injection. Therapeutic compositions to be administered by cell vaccine, include recombinant molecules of the present invention without carrier.

[0076] In order to treat an animal with disease, a therapeutic composition of the present invention is administered to the animal in an effective manner such that the composition is capable of treating that animal from disease. For example, a recombinant molecule, when administered to an animal in an effective manner, is able to stimulate effector cell immunity in a manner that is sufficient to alleviate the disease afflicting the animal. According to the present invention, treatment of a disease refers to alleviating a disease and/or preventing the development of a secondary disease resulting from the occurrence of a primary disease. An effective administration protocol (i.e., administering a therapeutic composition in an effective manner) comprises suitable dose parameters and modes of administration that result in treatment of a disease. Effective dose parameters and modes of administration can be determined using methods standard in the art for a particular disease. Such methods include, for example, determination of survival rates, side effects (i.e., toxicity) and progression or regression of disease. In particular, the effectiveness of dose parameters and modes of administration of a therapeutic composition of the present invention when treating cancer can be determined by assessing response rates. Such response rates refer to the percentage of treated patients in a population of patients that respond with either partial or complete remission.

[0077] In accordance with the present invention, a suitable single dose size is a dose that is capable of treating an animal with disease when administered one or more times over a suitable time period. Doses can vary depending upon the disease being treated. Doses of a therapeutic composition of the present invention suitable for use with direct injection techniques can be used by one of skill in the art to determine appropriate single dose sizes for systemic administration based on the size of an animal. A suitable single dose of a therapeutic composition is a sufficient amount of heat shock protein-encoding recombinant sequence to reduce, and preferably eliminate, the T-cell mediated autoimmune disease following transfection of the recombinant molecules into cells. A preferred single dose of heat shock protein-encoding recombinant molecule is an amount that, when transfected into a target cell population leads to the production of from about 250 femtograms (fg) to about 1 μg, preferably from about 500 fg to about 500 picogram (pg), and more preferably from about 1 pg to about 100 pg of a heat shock protein or fragment thereof per transfected cell.

[0078] A preferred single dose of heat shock protein-encoding recombinant molecule complexed with liposomes, is from about 100 μg of total DNA per 800 nmol of liposome to about 2 mg of total recombinant molecules per 16 micromole (μmol) of liposome, more preferably from about 150 μg per 1.2 μmol of liposome to about 1 mg of total recombinant molecules per 8 μmol of liposome, and even more preferably from about 200 μg per 2 μmol of liposome to about 400 μg of total recombinant molecules per 3.2 μmol of liposome.

[0079] A preferred single dose of heat shock protein-encoding recombinant molecule in a non-targeting carrier to administer to an animal, is from about 100 μg to about 4 mg of total recombinant molecules, more preferably from about 150 μg to about 3 mg of total recombinant molecules, and even more preferably from about 200 μg to about 2 mg of total recombinant molecules.

[0080] It will be obvious to one of skill in the art that the number of doses administered to an animal is dependent upon the extent of the disease and the response of an individual patient to the treatment. Thus, it is within the scope of the present invention that a suitable number of doses includes any number required to cause regression of a disease. A preferred protocol is monthly administrations of single doses (as described above) for up to about 1 year. A preferred number of doses of a therapeutic composition comprising heat shock protein-encoding recombinant molecule in a non-targeting carrier or complexed with liposomes is from about 1 to about 10 administrations per patient, preferably from about 2 to about 8 administrations per patient, and even more preferably from about 3 to about 5 administrations per person. Preferably, such administrations are given once every 2 weeks until signs of remission appear, then once a month until the disease is gone.

[0081] A therapeutic composition is administered to an animal in a fashion to enable expression of the administered recombinant molecule of the present invention into a curative protein in the animal to be treated for disease. A therapeutic composition can be administered to an animal in a variety of methods including, but not limited to, local administration of the composition into a site in an animal, and systemic administration.

[0082] Therapeutic compositions to be delivered by local administration include: (a) recombinant molecules of the present invention in a non-targeting carrier (e.g., as "naked" DNA molecules, such as is taught, for example in Wolff et al., 1990, Science 247, 1465-1468); and (b) recombinant molecules of the present invention complexed to a delivery vehicle of the present invention. Suitable delivery vehicles for local administration comprise liposomes or emulsions. Delivery vehicles for local administration can further comprise ligands for targeting the vehicle to a particular site.

[0083] Therapeutic compositions useful in systemic administration include recombinant molecules of the present invention complexed to a targeted delivery vehicle of the present invention. Suitable delivery vehicles for use with systemic administration comprise liposomes comprising ligands for targeting the vehicle to a particular site. Systemic administration is particularly advantageous when organs, in particular difficult to reach organs (e.g., heart, spleen, lung or liver) are the targeted sites of treatment.

[0084] Preferred methods of systemic administration, include intravenous injection, aerosol, oral and percutaneous (topical) delivery. Intravenous injections can be performed using methods standard in the art. Aerosol delivery can also be performed using methods standard in the art (see, for example, Stribling et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 189:11277-11281, 1992, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). Oral delivery can be performed by complexing a therapeutic composition of the present invention to a carrier capable of withstanding degradation by digestive enzymes in the gut of an animal. Examples of such carriers include plastic capsules or tablets, such as those known in the art. Topical delivery can be performed by mixing a therapeutic composition of the present invention with a lipophilic reagent (e.g., DMSO) that is capable of passing into the skin.

[0085] Suitable embodiments, single dose sizes, number of doses and modes of administration of a therapeutic composition of the present invention useful in a treatment method of the present invention are disclosed in detail herein.

[0086] A therapeutic composition of the present invention is also advantageous for the treatment of autoimmune diseases in that the composition suppresses the harmful stimulation of T cells by autoantigens (i.e., a "self", rather than a foreign antigen). Heat shock protein-encoding recombinant molecules in a therapeutic composition, upon transfection into a cell, produce a heat shock protein or a fragment thereof that reduces the harmful activity of T cells involved in an autoimmune disease. A preferred therapeutic composition for use in the treatment of autoimmune disease comprises heat shock protein-encoding recombinant molecule of the present invention. A more preferred therapeutic composition for use in the treatment of autoimmune disease comprises heat shock protein-encoding recombinant molecule combined with a non-targeting carrier of the present invention, preferably saline or phosphate buffered saline.

[0087] A single dose of heat shock protein-encoding nucleic acid molecule in a non-targeting carrier to administer to an animal to treat an autoimmune disease is from about 0.1 μg to about 200 μg of total recombinant molecules per kilogram (kg) of body weight, more preferably from about 0.5 μg to about 150 μg of total recombinant molecules per kg of body weight, and even more preferably from about 1 μg to about 10 μg of total recombinant molecules per kg of body weight.

[0088] The number of doses of heat shock protein-encoding recombinant molecule in a non-targeting carrier to be administered to an animal to treat an autoimmune disease is an injection about once every 6 months, more preferably about once every 3 months, and even more preferably about once a month.

[0089] A preferred method to administer a therapeutic composition of the present invention to treat an autoimmune disease is by direct injection. Direct injection techniques are particularly important in the treatment of an autoimmune disease. Preferably, a therapeutic composition is injected directly into muscle cells in a patient, which results in prolonged expression (e.g., weeks to months) of a recombinant molecule of the present invention. Preferably, a recombinant molecule of the present invention in the form of "naked DNA" is administered by direct injection into muscle cells in a patient.

[0090] It is to be noted that the compositions and methods of the present invention do not include the obligatory presence of the CpG motif disclosed in WO 02/16549, in DNA vaccines suitable for the treatment of ongoing autoimmune diseases.

[0091] The following examples are presented in order to more fully illustrate certain embodiments of the invention. They should in no way, however, be construed as limiting the broad scope of the invention. One skilled in the art can readily devise many variations and modifications of the principles disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the invention.

EXAMPLES

Materials and Methods

Animals

[0092] Female Lewis rats were raised and maintained under pathogen-free conditions in the Animal Breeding Center of The Weizmann Institute of Science. One- to two-month old rats were used for DNA vaccination and peptide-vaccination experiments. The experiments were performed under the supervision and guidelines of the Animal Welfare Committee.

Antigens and Adjuvants

[0093] Peptides were synthesized as previously described (15). The HSP60 peptides used in these studies are listed in Table I. Two HSP65 peptides were also used: Mt176-190, EESNTFGLQLELTEG (16) and Mt3, AYDEEARRGLERGLNALADA. Purified recombinant HSP65 was generously provided by Prof. Ruurd van der Zee (Institute of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands). Recombinant HSP60 was prepared in our laboratory as described (11). M. tuberculosis Strain H37Ra and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) were purchased from Difco (Detroit, Mich., USA). Tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) was provided by the Statens Seruminstitut (Copenhagen, Denmark). Ovalbumin (OVA) and Concanavalin A (Con A) were purchased from Sigma (Rehovot, Israel).

DNA Plasmids

[0094] The vector containing the human hsp60 gene (pHSP60) has been described (17). The construct encoding Mycobacterium leprae HSP65 (pHSP65) was kindly provided by Dr. Douglas Lowrie (Medical Research Council, London, UK). Five fragments of the human hsp60 gene were amplified by PCR from hsp60 cDNA in pGEM (Promega, Madison, Wis., USA) using specific oligonucleotides containing restriction sites for the enzymes BamHI (oligonucleotide 5') or HindIII (oligonucleotide 3'), and cloned into the pcDNA3 vector (Invitrogen, NV, Leek, The Netherlands) using standard molecular biology techniques (Table II). The 5' oligonucleotide also included an ATG sequence necessary for protein translation. The plasmids were sequenced to confirm correct insertion of the cDNA and transcribed in vitro to check that they are functional (data not shown).

[0095] Plasmid DNA was prepared in large scale and injected after pretreatment with cardiotoxin (Sigma, Rehovot, Israel). Briefly, rats were vaccinated in the quadriceps three times (on days -40, -26-12 relative to AA induction) with 150 μg of pcDNA3, pI, pII, pIII, pIV or pV. Endotoxin levels were checked by Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate and found always to be under acceptable levels for in vivo use (less than 0.02 EU/μg DNA). AA was induced 12 days after the last injection of DNA. The empty vector pcDNA3 was used as a DNA vaccination control.

AA Induction and Assessment

[0096] AA was induced using 1 mg per rat of heat-killed Mt strain H37Ra (Difco). The day of AA induction was designated as day 0, and disease severity was assessed by direct observation of all 4 limbs in each animal. A relative score between 0 and 4 was assigned to each limb, based on the degree of joint inflammation, redness and deformity; thus the maximum possible score for an individual animal was 16. Arthritis was also quantified by measuring hind limb diameter with a caliper. Measurements were taken on the day of AA induction and 26 days later, and they are presented as the mean±SEM of the difference between the two values. The person who scored the disease was blinded to the identity of the groups.

T-Cell Proliferation

[0097] Popliteal and inguinal lymph node cells (LNC) taken 26 days after the induction of AA were cultured in quadruplicates in 200 μl round bottom microtiter wells (Costar Corp., Cambridge, USA) at 2×10⁵ cells per well with or without antigen. The T-cell mitogen Concanavalin A (Con A) was used as a positive control for T-cell proliferation. Cultures were incubated for 96 hrs at 37° C. in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO₂. T-cell responses were detected by the incorporation of [methyl-³H]-thymidine (Amersham, Buckinghamshire, UK; 1 μCi/well), which was added to the wells for the last 18 hours. The stimulation index (SI) was computed as the ratio of the mean c.p.m. of antigen- or mitogen-containing wells to control wells cultured with medium alone.

Transfer of Cells

[0098] Spleen cells were prepared from peptide-vaccinated rats 26 days after the induction of AA. The splenocytes (10⁷ cells per ml) were activated with 2.5 μg/ml of Con A for 48 hr at 37° C. in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO₂. The cells were washed with sterile PBS and injected iv into naive rats (5×10⁷ cells per rat). Three days after the transfer of the splenocytes, AA was induced.

Cytokine Assays

[0099] Supernatants were collected after 72 hrs of stimulation with each of the antigens tested. Rat IL-10 and IFNγ were quantitated in culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using Pharmingen's OPTEIA kit (Pharmingen, San Diego, USA). Rat TGFβ1 was quantified using the TGFβ1 E_max® ImmunoAssay System (Promega, Madison, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Cytokine levels in supernatants are expressed as pg/ml based on calibration curves constructed using recombinant cytokines as standards. The lower limits of detection for the experiments described in this paper were 15 pg/ml for TGFβ1, IL-10 and IFNγ.

Statistical Significance

[0100] The InStat 2.01 program was used for statistical analysis. Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney test were carried out to assay significant differences between the different experimental groups.

Example 1

HSP60 DNA Fragments Inhibit AA

[0101] To learn whether fragments of HSP60 DNA could inhibit AA, the cDNA corresponding to the human hsp60 gene was divided into five fragments, each with a 30 pb overlap, and each was cloned into the pcDNA3 vector (Table II). In this way, five constructs corresponding to HSP60-derived fragments were generated overlapping by 10 aa: pI, aa 1-140; pII, aa 130-260; pIII, aa 250-410, pIV, aa 400-470 and pV, aa 460-540 (Table II). Lewis rats were vaccinated with one of the HSP60 fragment constructs or with pcDNA3 as a control, and AA was induced. FIG. 1A shows that the rats vaccinated with pI or pII manifested significantly decreased arthritis compared to rats vaccinated with constructs pIII, pIV or pV or with control pcDNA3. The protective effect of the vaccination with constructs pI and pII was also reflected by a significant reduction in ankle swelling (FIG. 1B), and by a reduction of the mean maximal score, which was lower in those rats vaccinated with pI and pII (p=0.0007 and p=0.0003, respectively, compared to rats vaccinated with pcDNA3).

Example 2

In Vitro Proliferation of LNC Isolated from pHSP60- or PI-Vaccinated Rats in Response to Various HSP60 Peptides

[0102] To learn whether the suppression of AA by DNA vaccination with pHSP60, pI or pII was associated with T-cell reactivity to a specific HSP60 epitope, the proliferation (Stimulation Index, SI) of LNC isolated from pHSP60-vaccinated rats was studied in response to a panel of overlapping peptides spanning the region of human HSP60 encoded by pI and pII (aa 1-275; Table I). Controls were LNC prepared from rats vaccinated with pcDNA3 or pHSP65 and challenged with Mt suspended in IFA to induce AA. FIG. 2A shows that only peptide Hu3 (aa 31-50 of human HSP60) induced a significant response in LNC taken from pHSP60-vaccinated rats; cells prepared from pHSP65 or pcDNA-vaccinated rats did not respond to Hu3. Note that the sequence of the HSP60 protein in the region 31-50 is identical in rat and human HSP60; thus Hu3 is a self-peptide (Table III). FIG. 2B shows a dose-dependant proliferative response to Hu3 using LNC isolated from pHSP60-vaccinated rats. No significant responses to the control peptide Hu12 (aa 166-185 of human HSP60) were detected. To confirm these results, T-cell proliferative responses were studied in LNC taken 26 days after the induction of AA from rats vaccinated with pI, pII or pcDNA3. FIG. 2C shows that Hu3, but not its mycobacterial homologue Mt3, triggered a significant proliferation of LNC taken from pI-immunized rats, but not by LNC from rats vaccinated with pII or pcDNA3. Non of the HSP60 peptides was specifically recognized by LNC taken from pII-immunized rats. In summary, these results show that pHSP60-- and pI-vaccinated rats manifested up-regulated T-cell responses to the Hu3 peptide of HSP60.

Example 3

Peptide Hu3 Inhibits AA

[0103] To establish a link between the immune response to Hu3 and prevention of AA, rats were vaccinated with Hu3, or with its mycobacterial counterpart Mt3 (Table III) or with Hu12 (Table I) as controls. Each rat received a single i.p. dose of 100 μg of peptide in IFA seven days (day -7) before the induction of AA (day 0). FIG. 3A shows that the Hu3-vaccinated rats developed significantly decreased disease compared to non-immunized rats or rats vaccinated with PBS, Hu12 or Mt3. This reduction in AA was also reflected by a significant reduction in ankle swelling (14.2±4.7 in Hu3-vaccinated rats vs 32.2±3.5 in PBS/IFA-vaccinated rats, p=0.02; FIG. 3B). Therefore, vaccination with Hu3 prevents AA.

Example 4

Adoptive Transfer of Peptide-Induced Regulation

[0104] To learn whether the protection triggered by Hu3-vaccination could be adoptively transferred by activated T-cells, splenocytes prepared from Hu3 vaccinated rats were stimulated in vitro for 2 days with the T-cell mitogen Con A, washed, and injected iv (5×10⁷ cells per rat) into naive rats. Only the recipients of cells taken from Hu3-vaccinated rats were protected against the subsequent induction of AA (FIGS. 4A and 4B). No protection was seen in rats that had received Con A activated cells from Mt3 injected rats. Thus, inhibition of AA by vaccination with Hu3 could be adoptively transferred by activated T-cells.

Example 5

In Vitro Proliferation of Lnc Isolated from PI- or PII-Vaccinated Rats in Response to Various Mycobacterial Antigens, HSP60 or its Hu3 Peptide

[0105] To study the mechanism associated with the inhibition of AA by DNA vaccination with pI or pII, the T-cell responses of immunized rats was analysed 26 days after the induction of AA. The LNC were stimulated in vitro with a collective of mycobacterial antigens known to be associated with AA: HSP65, PPD, Mt176-90 (which contains the 180-188 epitope of HSP65). The immune response directed to mammalian HSP60, its regulatory peptide Hu3 and the HSP60-derived peptide Hu12 as a control was studied as well. OVA was included as a control antigen. None of the experimental groups showed significant responses to OVA or Hu12, and they did not differ in their response to Con A (data not shown). Nevertheless, inhibition of AA by DNA vaccination with the pI or pII constructs was associated with the up-regulation of the T-cell proliferative responses directed against the panel of mycobacterial antigens (PPD, HSP65 and Mt176-190) (FIG. 5A). FIG. 5B depicts the proliferative responses to HSP60 and its Hu3 peptide. It can be seen that both pI and pII induced significant T-cell responses to HSP60, however, only LNC from pI-vaccinated rats manifested reactivity to Hu3.

Example 6

Cytokine Secretion by LNC Taken from Rats Vaccinated with pI, pH or pcDNA3

[0106] Cytokine secretion by LNC taken from rats vaccinated with pI, pII or pcDNA3 was determined. Inhibition of AA by DNA vaccination with pI was associated with a decrease in IFNγ secretion (FIG. 6A), and an increase in IL-10 and TGFβ1 secretion upon stimulation with PPD, HSP65 or Mt176-190 (FIGS. 6B and 6C).

[0107] LNC from pII-vaccinated rats also showed a decrease in IFNγ secretion upon stimulation with PPD, HSP65 and Mt176-190 (FIG. 6A), however IL-10 secretion was only detected after activation with HSP65 while TGFβ1 secretion was only detected following activation with Mtl 76-190 or PPD (FIGS. 6B and 6C). Note that cells from both pI or pII-immunized rats secreted detectable amounts of TGFβ1 upon activation with Mt3. Thus, protection from AA by DNA vaccination with pI or pII was associated with decreased IFNγ secretion and a concomitant increase in IL-10 and/or TGFβ1 secretion upon stimulation with the mycobacterial antigens PPD, HSP65 or Mt176-190 (FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C).

[0108] In addition to the responses to mycobacterial antigens, the effects of DNA vaccination with HSP60 fragments on the responses to HSP60 and Hu3 was studied. IFNγ was not secreted in response to HSP60 or Hu3 by the LNC of either the pI or pII-immunized rats (FIG. 6A). LNC taken from pI immunized rats secreted both IL-10 and TGFβ1 in response to HSP60 or Hu3 (FIGS. 6B and 6C). LNC cells taken from pII-vaccinated rats, in contrast, secreted TGFβ1 upon activation with HSP60, but IL-10 was not detected. Therefore, both pI or pII vaccination induced the secretion of TGFβ1 in response to HSP60. However only pI triggered the secretion of IL-10.

Example 7

In Vitro Proliferation of LNC Isolated from Hu3-Vaccinated Rats in Response to Various Mycobacterial Antigens or HSP60

[0109] The T-cell responses after induction of AA in rats that had been vaccinated with peptides Hu3, Hu12 or Mt3 was examined. All three peptides were immunogenic; significant and specific T-cell responses could be detected in the immunized rats to each immunogen (FIG. 7A). However, only the LNC taken from Hu3-vaccinated rats showed up-regulated T-cell proliferative responses to the mycobacterial antigens PPD, HSP65 and Mt176-190 (FIG. 7B). Furthermore, vaccination with Hu3 led to the induction of a specific response to HSP60 (FIG. 7B). None of the experimental groups showed significant responses to OVA, and they did not differ in their response to Con A (data not shown).

Example 8

Cytokine Secretion by LNC Taken from Rats Vaccinated with Hu3

[0110] Vaccination with Hu3 led to a reduction in IFNγ secretion (FIG. 8A), and to a concomitant increase in the secretion of IL-10 (FIG. 8B) and TGFβ1 (FIG. 8C) upon stimulation with PPD, HSP65 or Mt176-190. Hu3-vaccination also led to the induction of T-cells that secreted IFNγ, IL-10 and TGFβ1 in response to Hu3. The response to whole HSP60 was predominantly TGFβ1.

Example 9

Human pHPS60 is More Effective than Mycobacterial pHSP65 in Inhibiting AA

[0111] The effects on AA of vaccination with DNA encoding human pHSP60 compared to mycobacterial HSP65 was examined. The construct encoding the full-length human HSP60 (pHSP60) has more than 97% percent identity at the amino acid level with its rat counterpart. A construct encoding for the full-length HSP65 of Mycobacterium was used as well. Two control constructs were used: an empty vector (pcDNA3), and a construct encoding murine Myelin Basic Protein (pMBP). FIG. 9a shows that vaccination with pcDNA3 or pMBP did not have any effect on AA. In contrast, rats immunized with pHSP60 or pHSP65 manifested a significantly milder arthritis. Inhibition of AA was also reflected as a diminished swelling of the ankle, as shown in FIG. 9b. It can be seen that pHSP60 was more effective than pHSP65 in modulating the autoimmune process. The difference between pHSP60 and pHSP65 was statistically significant with regard to the maximal AA index (2.25±0.65 vs. 7.67±1.83, p=0.02), and leg swelling (10.64±3.43 vs. 27.5±6.35, p=0.03).

Example 10

In Vitro Proliferation of LNC Isolated from Rats after DNA Vaccination with pHSP60

[0112] The immune response induced by pHSP60-vaccination alone was studied before disease induction. Spleen cells were prepared 10 days after the administration of the third dose of the DNA-vaccine, and the proliferative response upon in vitro stimulation with different antigens was studied. FIG. 10 shows that pHSP60-vaccination induced a significant proliferative response to HSP60, but not to HSP65, MBP or PPD, while cells from pMBP-treated rats only proliferated in response to MBP. These HSP60-specific T-cells secreted low amounts of both IL-10 (22±5 pg/ml) and IFNγ (80±15 pg/ml) upon stimulation in vitro with HSP60 (data not shown). No cytokine release was detected when splenocytes from pcDNA3-treated animals were stimulated with HSP60. No significant differences were seen between the different experimental groups neither in T-cell proliferation nor in cytokine-release in response to stimulation with Con A (data not shown). Thus pHSP60 vaccination induced a low, but specific T-cell response to HSP60; the immune response elicited by pHsp60 vaccination is capable of affecting the immune reactions that characterize AA.

Example 11

Cytokine Secretion in AA Rats Vaccinated with pHSP60 pHSP65 or Hu3/IFA

[0113] Twenty-six days after the induction of AA, LNC were prepared from untreated rats, or animals that had been treated with pcDNA3 or PBS/IFA. LNC were stimulated in vitro with a collective of antigens previously known to be targeted or associated with AA: HSP60, HSP65, PPD, P176-90 (which contains the 180-188 epitope of HSP65 (3)) and Hu3 described here. Hu12 and OVA were included as control antigens. The results were essentially the same whether the AA was induced in untreated rats, or in rats pre-treated with injections of PBS/IFA or pcDNA3. FIG. 11 depicts the results obtained with LNC isolated from pcDNA3-treated animals, showing the cytokines released to the culture medium. LNC from pcDNA3-treated animals showed a strong proliferative response to PPD, and low but significant responses to HSP65 and P176-90, while no proliferation was detected after stimulation with HSP60, Hu3 or Hu12. Although the proliferative response to P176-90 was quite low, stimulation with this peptide led to the release of IFNγ to at least the same levels as those achieved by stimulation with PPD. IFNγ was secreted to a lower extent in response to HSP65, while no secretion was detected upon stimulation with HSP60, Hu3 or Hu12. IL-10 and TGFβ1 were detected only upon activation with PPD. Thus, induction of AA activates T-cells that almost exclusively secrete IFNγ in response to activation with mycobacterial antigens, and that do not appear to recognize HSP60 or its peptides Hu3 and Hu12.

[0114] FIG. 12A depicts the proliferative response and cytokine secretion of cells isolated from animals treated with pHSP60, pHSP65 or Hu3/IFA expressed as the percent change in reactivity relative to the proliferation seen using cells from their respective controls (pcDNA3 or PBS/IFA-treated animals). Animals protected from AA showed increased proliferative responses to mycobacterial antigens (PPD, HSP65 and P176-90). The increase in the proliferation to HSP65 and PPD was stronger in pHSP60-treated animals. Also the response to mammalian HSP60 was up-regulated throughout all the groups, but this effect was more marked in pHSP60 vaccinated animals. Moreover, at day 26 after AA induction, the response to HSP60 was significantly higher than that detected at the end of the immunization protocol (Stimulation Index, SI=2.4±0.39 vs. SI=4.44±0.37 respectively, p<0.05). In addition, Hu3 was only recognized by animals immunized with pHSP60, or with Hu3 itself, while there were no responses directed towards Hu12. Cells from HU12/IFA-treated rats proliferated upon stimulation with HU12 (data not shown). None of the experimental groups showed significant responses to OVA, and they did not differ in their response to Con A (data not shown). Thus, modulation of AA by vaccination with pHSP60, pHSP65 or Hu3 is accompanied by the up-regulation of T-cell proliferative responses to both self- and mycobacterial antigens. The phenotype of these augmented cellular responses has been characterized in terms of cytokine release profiles.

[0115] As shown in FIG. 12B, Secretion of IFNγ was increased in LNC from: A, pHSP60-treated rats stimulated with HSP60, Hu3 or Hu12; B, pHSP65-treated rats stimulated with HSP60 and C, in Hu3-treated rats stimulated with Hu3. Thus, modulation of AA is associated with a reduction in IFNγ release to P176-90 and an increase in the release of IFNγ to HSP60. As shown in FIG. 12C, the study of IL-10 secretion revealed that LNC from animals protected from AA (either by DNA or peptide vaccination) showed increased secretion of IL-10 in response to in vitro stimulation with mycobacterial antigens. In cells from all the groups protected we found secretion of IL-10 in response to stimulation with PPD, HSP65 (pHSP60 and pHSP65-treated animals) or P176-90 (pHSP60-- and Hu3-treated rats). Release of IL-10 upon stimulation with HSP60 and its peptides was not uniform and only found in cells from pHSP60 or pHSP65-vaccinated animals. Therefore protection was associated with the induction of IL-10 secretors responsive to mycobacterial antigens (PPD or P180-90) and, in DNA vaccinated animals, to mammalian HSP60. The analysis of TGFβ1 release from LNC taken from all the groups protected from AA, (either by DNA or peptide vaccination), showed an increase in the secretion of TGFβ1 in response to stimulation with mycobacterial antigens and HSP60 or its peptides (FIG. 12D). However, this effect was stronger in DNA-treated rats.

[0116] All together, the results suggest that modulation of AA by treatment with specific DNA or peptide is associated with three observations. A, decreased secretion of IFNγ upon stimulation with the HSP65 peptide P178-190. B, the induction HSP60-specific T-cells that secrete IFNγ. C, the appearance of IL-10 and TGFβ1 secretors specific for mycobacterial antigens and HSP60.

Example 12

Inhibition of AA by DNA Vaccines Encoding Human HSP70 and Human HSP90

[0117] The full-length cDNA of human HSP70 (pHSP70) or human HSP90 (pHSP90) were cloned into the pcDNA3 vector. The gene constructs were found to be functional in an in vitro transcription/translation system (data not shown). Rats were immunized with pHSP90 and pHSP70 following the same scheme of vaccination used for pHSP60, and 12 days after the last injection of DNA, AA was induced. FIG. 13A shows that in rats vaccinated with pHSP70 or pHSP90 there was a significant inhibition of AA Inhibition of AA was also seen as a reduction in the maximal score (FIG. 13B), leg swelling (FIG. 13C) and a significant delay in the mean day of disease onset (FIG. 13D).

[0118] In order to gain some insight into the mechanism that mediates prevention of AA by treatment with pHSP70 or pHSP90, the induction of antibodies of the IgG isotype to the antigen encoded by the vector was studied. FIGS. 14A and 14B depict the results obtained for pHSP70- and pHSP90-treated rats respectively. Vaccination with the DNA constructs induced specific antibodies, indicating that both constructs are immunogenic; and the humoral response induced is up-regulated upon induction of AA.

Example 13

Cytokine Secretion and In Vitro Proliferation of LNC Isolated from AA Rats Vaccinated with pHSP70 or pHSP90

[0119] FIGS. 15A and 15B shows that draining lymph node DLN cells from immunized animals showed a dose response proliferation upon activation with the protein encoded by the immunizing vector. Furthermore, the analysis of the cytokines released in response to antigen-specific stimulation revealed that cells taken from pHSP90-immunized animals secreted both IL-10 and IFNγ in response to activation with HSP90 (FIGS. 16A and 16B). There was no IFNγ or IL-10 secretion when cells from pHSP70-treated animals were stimulated with HSP70 (data not shown).

[0120] The immune response to a panel of antigens in DLN cells isolated from pcDNA3-, pHSP70- or pHSP90-treated rats was detected 26 days after the induction of AA. The results are shown in FIG. 17 as the percentage of the proliferation observed in untreated rats. Vaccination with pHSP70 or pHSP90 led to a significant up-regulation in the proliferative response to HSP65, HSP71 and PPD, and this increase in the immune response was stronger in pHSP70 vaccinated rats. To further characterize the nature of the up-regulated immune response in pHSP70- and pHSP90-vaccinated, cytokine secretion in response to in vitro stimulation with the same AA-related antigens was detected. IFNγ secretion in response to stimulation with HSP65, its epitope P176-188 or PPD was down-regulated in animals treated with pHSP70 or pHSP90 (FIG. 18A). In addition, IL-10 secretion was up-regulated upon in vitro activation with PPD, HSP71, HSP65 or HSP60, both in pHSP70- and pHSP90-vaccinated animals (FIG. 18B). Finally, TGFβ1 release upon stimulation with HSP65 and its peptide P176-80 was increased in cells taken from pHSP90-vaccinated animals, and there was a slight but significant release of in response to stimulation with PPD in cells from pHSP70-treated animals (FIG. 18C). Note that the decrease in IFNγ secretion and the concomitant increase in IL-10 and TGFβ1 release was stronger in the group treated with pHSP90; in this group AA was inhibited even more effectively than in pHSP70-immunized rats.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE I Overlapping peptides of human HSP60, region 1-275 Pep- tide Position Sequence Hu1 1-20 (SEQ ID NO: 15) MLRLPTVFRQMRPVSRVLAP Hu2 16-35 (SEQ ID NO: 16) RVLAPHLTRAYAKDVKFGAD Hu3 31-50 (SEQ ID NO: 3) KFGADARALMLQGVDLLADA Hu4 46-65 (SEQ ID NO: 17) LLADAVAVTMGKGRTVIIE Hu5 61-80 (SEQ ID NO: 18) TVIIEQSWGSPKVTKDGVTV Hu6 76-95 (SEQ ID NO: 19) DGVTVAKSIDLKDKYKNIGA Hu7 91-110 (SEQ ID NO: 20) KNIGAKLVQDVANNTNEEAG Hu6 106-125 (SEQ ID NO: 21) NEEAGKGTTTATVLARSIAK Hu9 121-140 (SEQ ID NO: 22) RSIAKEGFEKISKGANPVEI Hu10 136-155 (SEQ ID NO: 23) NPVEIRRGVMLAVDAVIAEL Hu11 151-170 (SEQ ID NO: 24) VIAELKKQSKPVTTPEEIAQ Hu12 166-185 (SEQ ID NO: 25) EEIAQVATISANGDKEIGNI Hu13 181-199 (SEQ ID NO: 26) EIGNIISDAMKKVGRKGVI Hu14 195-214 (SEQ ID NO: 27) RKGVITVKDGKTLNDELEII Hu15 210-229 (SEQ ID NO: 28) ELEIIEGMKFDRGYISPYFI Hu16 225-244 (SEQ ID NO: 29) SPYFINTSKGQKCEFQDAYV Hu17 240-259 (SEQ ID NO: 30) QDAYVLLSEKKISSIQSIVP Hu18 255-275 (SEQ ID NO: 31) QSIVPALEIANAHRKPLVIIA

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE II Plasmids constructed containing overlapping fragments of the hsp60 gene Plasmid Position Corresponding Peptides included pI 1-140 Hu1-Hu9 (a.k.a. P1-P9; SEQ ID NO: 1) pII 130-260 Hu10-Hu18 (a.k.a. P10-P18; SEQ ID NO: 2) pIII 250-410 NS pIV 400-470 NS pIV 460-540 NS The position is expressed as amino acid residue numbers. NS = Not synthesized as individual peptides.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE III Comparison of human HSP60, rat HSP60 and mycobacterial HSP65 in the region corresponding to the Hu3 sequence^a, b. H. sapiens 31 KFGADARALMLQGVDLLADA 50 (SEQ ID NO: 3) R. norvergicus 31 KFGADARALMLQGVDLLADA 50 (SEQ ID NO: 35) M. tuberculosis 5 AYDEEARRGLERGLNALADA 24 (SEQ ID NO: 32) ^aH. sapiens, Homo sapiens; R. norvergicus, Rattus norvergicus; M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ^bResidues sharing identity with the corresponding sequence of human HSP60 are shown in bold, and conserved substitutions are shown as underlined residues.

[0121] Peptides were synthesized as previously described (15). The HSP60 peptides used in these studies are listed in Table I. Two HSP65 peptides were also used: Mt176-190, EESNTFGLQLELTEG (SEQ ID NO:33) (16) and Mt3, AYDEEARRGLERGLNALADA (SEQ ID NO:34). Purified recombinant HSP65 was generously provided by Prof. Ruurd van der Zee (Institute of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands). Recombinant HSP60 was prepared in our laboratory as described (11). M. tuberculosis Strain H37Ra and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) were purchased from Difco (Detroit, Mich., USA). Tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) was provided by the Statens Seruminstitut (Copenhagen, Denmark). Ovalbumin (OVA) and Concanavalin A (Con A) were purchased from Sigma (Rehovot, Israel).

REFERENCES

[0122] 1. Wauben, M. H. M., J. P. A. Wagenaar-Hilbers, and W. van Eden. 1994. Adjuvant Arthritis. In Autoimmune Disease Models. I. R. Cohen, and A. Miller, eds. Academic Press, Inc., California, USA.

[0123] 2. van Eden, W., J. E. Thole, R. van der Zee, A. Noordzij, J. D. van Embden, E. J. Hensen, and I. R. Cohen. 1988. Cloning of the mycobacterial epitope recognized by T lymphocytes in adjuvant arthritis. Nature 331:171.

[0124] 3. van Eden, W., J. Holoshitz, Z. Nevo, A. Frenkel, A. Klajman, and I. R. Cohen. 1985. Arthritis induced by a T-lymphocyte clone that responds to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to cartilage proteoglycans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:5117.

[0125] 4. Holoshitz, J., A. Matitiau, and I. R. Cohen. 1984. Arthritis induced in rats by cloned T lymphocytes responsive to mycobacteria but not to collagen type II. J Clin Invest 73:211.

[0126] 5. Holoshitz, J., Y. Naparstek, A. Ben-Nun, and I. R. Cohen. 1983. Lines of T lymphocytes induce or vaccinate against autoimmune arthritis. Science 219:56.

[0127] 6. Billingham, M. E., S. Carney, R. Butler, and M. J. Colston. 1990. A mycobacterial 65-kD heat shock protein induces antigen-specific suppression of adjuvant arthritis, but is not itself arthritogenic. J Exp Med 171:339.

[0128] 7. Hogervorst, E. J., L. Schouls, J. P. Wagenaar, C. J. Boog, W. J. Spaan, J. D. van Embden, and W. van Eden. 1991. Modulation of experimental autoimmunity: treatment of adjuvant arthritis by immunization with a recombinant vaccinia virus. Infect Immun 59:2029.

[0129] 8. Ragno, S., M. J. Colston, D. B. Lowrie, V. R. Winrow, D. R. Blake, and R. Tascon. 1997. Protection of rats from adjuvant arthritis by immunization with naked DNA encoding for mycobacterial heat shock protein 65. Arthritis Rheum 40:277.

[0130] 9. Moudgil, K. D., T. T. Chang, H. Eradat, A. M. Chen, R. S. Gupta, E. Brahn, and E. E. Sercarz. 1997. Diversification of T cell responses to carboxy-terminal determinants within the 65-kD heat-shock protein is involved in regulation of autoimmune arthritis. J Exp Med 185:1307.

[0131] 10. Anderton, S. M., R. van der Zee, B. Prakken, A. Noordzij, and W. van Eden. 1995. Activation of T cells recognizing self 60-kD heat shock protein can protect against experimental arthritis. J Exp Med 181:943.

[0132] 11. Yang, X. D., J. Gasser, and U. Feige. 1992. Prevention of adjuvant arthritis in rats by a nonapeptide from the 65-kD mycobacterial heat shock protein: specificity and mechanism. Clin Exp Immunol 87:99.

[0133] 12. van Eden, W., U. Wendling, L. Paul, B. Prakken, P. van Kooten, and R. van der Zee. 2000. Arthritis protective regulatory potential of self-heat shock protein cross-reactive T cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 5:452.

[0134] 13. Lopez-Guerrero, J. A., J. P. Lopez-Bote, M. A. Ortiz, R. S. Gupta, E. Paez, and C. Bernabeu. 1993. Modulation of adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats by recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the human 60-kilodalton heat shock protein. Infect Immun 61:4225.

[0135] 14. Lopez-Guerrero, J. A., M. A. Ortiz, E. Paez, C. Bernabeu, and J. P. Lopez-Bote. 1994. Therapeutic effect of recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the 60-kd heat-shock protein on adjuvant arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 37:1462.

[0136] 15. Quintana, F. J., P. Carmi, F. Mor, and I. R. Cohen. 2002 Inhibition of adjuvant arthritis by a DNA vaccine encoding human heat shock protein 60. J Immunol 169:3422.

[0137] 16. Anderton, S. M., R. van der Zee, A. Noordzij, and W. van Eden. 1994. Differential mycobacterial 65-kDa heat shock protein T cell epitope recognition after adjuvant arthritis-inducing or protective immunization protocols. J Immunol 152:3656.

[0138] 17. Quintana, F. J., A. Rotem, P. Carmi, and I. R. Cohen. 2000. Vaccination with empty plasmid DNA or CpG oligonucleotide inhibits diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice: modulation of spontaneous 60-kDa heat shock protein autoimmunity. J Immunol 165:6148.

Sequence CWU 1

1

351140PRTHomo sapiens 1Met Leu Arg Leu Pro Thr Val Phe Arg Gln Met Arg Pro Val Ser Arg 1 5 10 15 Val Leu Ala Pro His Leu Thr Arg Ala Tyr Ala Lys Asp Val Lys Phe 20 25 30 Gly Ala Asp Ala Arg Ala Leu Met Leu Gln Gly Val Asp Leu Leu Ala 35 40 45 Asp Ala Val Ala Val Thr Met Gly Pro Lys Gly Arg Thr Val Ile Ile 50 55 60 Glu Gln Gly Trp Gly Ser Pro Lys Val Thr Lys Asp Gly Val Thr Val 65 70 75 80 Ala Lys Ser Ile Asp Leu Lys Asp Lys Tyr Lys Asn Ile Gly Ala Lys 85 90 95 Leu Val Gln Asp Val Ala Asn Asn Thr Asn Glu Glu Ala Gly Asp Gly 100 105 110 Thr Thr Thr Ala Thr Val Leu Ala Arg Ser Ile Ala Lys Glu Gly Phe 115 120 125 Glu Lys Ile Ser Lys Gly Ala Asn Pro Val Glu Ile 130 135 140 2131PRTHomo sapiens 2Lys Ile Ser Lys Gly Ala Asn Pro Val Glu Ile Arg Arg Gly Val Met 1 5 10 15 Leu Ala Val Asp Ala Val Ile Ala Glu Leu Lys Lys Gln Ser Lys Pro 20 25 30 Val Thr Thr Pro Glu Glu Ile Ala Gln Val Ala Thr Ile Ser Ala Asn 35 40 45 Gly Asp Lys Glu Ile Gly Asn Ile Ile Ser Asp Ala Met Lys Lys Val 50 55 60 Gly Arg Lys Gly Val Ile Thr Val Lys Asp Gly Lys Thr Leu Asn Asp 65 70 75 80 Glu Leu Glu Ile Ile Glu Gly Met Lys Phe Asp Arg Gly Tyr Ile Ser 85 90 95 Pro Tyr Phe Ile Asn Thr Ser Lys Gly Gln Lys Cys Glu Phe Gln Asp 100 105 110 Ala Tyr Val Leu Leu Ser Glu Lys Lys Ile Ser Ser Ile Gln Ser Ile 115 120 125 Val Pro Ala 130 320PRTHomo sapiens 3Lys Phe Gly Ala Asp Ala Arg Ala Leu Met Leu Gln Gly Val Asp Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Ala Asp Ala 20 4641PRTHomo sapiens 4Met Ala Lys Ala Ala Ala Ile Gly Ile Asp Leu Gly Thr Thr Tyr Ser 1 5 10 15 Cys Val Gly Val Phe Gln His Gly Lys Val Glu Ile Ile Ala Asn Asp 20 25 30 Gln Gly Asn Arg Thr Thr Pro Ser Tyr Val Ala Phe Thr Asp Thr Glu 35 40 45 Arg Leu Ile Gly Asp Ala Ala Lys Asn Gln Val Ala Leu Asn Pro Gln 50 55 60 Asn Thr Val Phe Asp Ala Lys Arg Leu Ile Gly Arg Lys Phe Gly Asp 65 70 75 80 Pro Val Val Gln Ser Asp Met Lys His Trp Pro Phe Gln Val Ile Asn 85 90 95 Asp Gly Asp Lys Pro Lys Val Gln Val Ser Tyr Lys Gly Glu Thr Lys 100 105 110 Ala Phe Tyr Pro Glu Glu Ile Ser Ser Met Val Leu Thr Lys Met Lys 115 120 125 Glu Ile Ala Glu Ala Tyr Leu Gly Tyr Pro Val Thr Asn Ala Val Ile 130 135 140 Thr Val Pro Ala Tyr Phe Asn Asp Ser Gln Arg Gln Ala Thr Lys Asp 145 150 155 160 Ala Gly Val Ile Ala Gly Leu Asn Val Leu Arg Ile Ile Asn Glu Pro 165 170 175 Thr Ala Ala Ala Ile Ala Tyr Gly Leu Asp Arg Thr Gly Lys Gly Glu 180 185 190 Arg Asn Val Leu Ile Phe Asp Leu Gly Gly Gly Thr Phe Asp Val Ser 195 200 205 Ile Leu Thr Ile Asp Asp Gly Ile Phe Glu Val Lys Ala Thr Ala Gly 210 215 220 Asp Thr His Leu Gly Gly Glu Asp Phe Asp Asn Arg Leu Val Asn His 225 230 235 240 Phe Val Glu Glu Phe Lys Arg Lys His Lys Lys Asp Ile Ser Gln Asn 245 250 255 Lys Arg Ala Val Arg Arg Leu Arg Thr Ala Cys Glu Arg Ala Lys Arg 260 265 270 Thr Leu Ser Ser Ser Thr Gln Ala Ser Leu Glu Ile Asp Ser Leu Phe 275 280 285 Glu Gly Ile Asp Phe Tyr Thr Ser Ile Thr Arg Ala Arg Phe Glu Glu 290 295 300 Leu Cys Ser Asp Leu Phe Arg Ser Thr Leu Glu Pro Val Glu Lys Ala 305 310 315 320 Leu Arg Asp Ala Lys Leu Asp Lys Ala Gln Ile His Asp Leu Val Leu 325 330 335 Val Gly Gly Ser Thr Arg Ile Pro Lys Val Gln Lys Leu Leu Gln Asp 340 345 350 Phe Phe Asn Gly Arg Asp Leu Asn Lys Ser Ile Asn Pro Asp Glu Ala 355 360 365 Val Ala Tyr Gly Ala Ala Val Gln Ala Ala Ile Leu Met Gly Asp Lys 370 375 380 Ser Glu Asn Val Gln Asp Leu Leu Leu Leu Asp Val Ala Pro Leu Ser 385 390 395 400 Leu Gly Leu Glu Thr Ala Gly Gly Val Met Thr Ala Leu Ile Lys Arg 405 410 415 Asn Ser Thr Ile Pro Thr Lys Gln Thr Gln Ile Phe Thr Thr Tyr Ser 420 425 430 Asp Asn Gln Pro Gly Val Leu Ile Gln Val Tyr Glu Gly Glu Arg Ala 435 440 445 Met Thr Lys Asp Asn Asn Leu Leu Gly Arg Phe Glu Leu Ser Gly Ile 450 455 460 Pro Pro Ala Pro Arg Gly Val Pro Gln Ile Glu Val Thr Phe Asp Ile 465 470 475 480 Asp Ala Asn Gly Ile Leu Asn Val Thr Ala Thr Asp Lys Ser Thr Gly 485 490 495 Lys Ala Asn Lys Ile Thr Ile Thr Asn Asp Lys Gly Arg Leu Ser Lys 500 505 510 Glu Glu Ile Glu Arg Met Val Gln Glu Ala Glu Lys Tyr Lys Ala Glu 515 520 525 Asp Glu Val Gln Arg Glu Arg Val Ser Ala Lys Asn Ala Leu Glu Ser 530 535 540 Tyr Ala Phe Asn Met Lys Ser Ala Val Glu Asp Glu Gly Leu Lys Gly 545 550 555 560 Lys Ile Ser Glu Ala Asp Lys Lys Lys Val Leu Asp Lys Cys Gln Glu 565 570 575 Val Ile Ser Trp Leu Asp Ala Asn Thr Leu Ala Glu Lys Asp Glu Phe 580 585 590 Glu His Lys Arg Lys Glu Leu Glu Gln Val Cys Asn Pro Ile Ile Ser 595 600 605 Gly Leu Tyr Gln Gly Ala Gly Gly Pro Gly Pro Gly Gly Phe Gly Ala 610 615 620 Gln Gly Pro Lys Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Pro Thr Ile Glu Glu Val 625 630 635 640 Asp 5641PRTHomo sapiens 5Met Ala Lys Ala Ala Ala Ile Gly Ile Asp Leu Gly Thr Thr Tyr Ser 1 5 10 15 Cys Val Gly Val Phe Gln His Gly Lys Val Glu Ile Ile Ala Asn Asp 20 25 30 Gln Gly Asn Arg Thr Thr Pro Ser Tyr Val Ala Phe Thr Asp Thr Glu 35 40 45 Arg Leu Ile Gly Asp Ala Ala Lys Asn Gln Val Ala Leu Asn Pro Gln 50 55 60 Asn Thr Val Phe Asp Ala Lys Arg Leu Ile Gly Arg Lys Phe Gly Asp 65 70 75 80 Pro Val Val Gln Ser Asp Met Lys His Trp Pro Phe Gln Val Ile Asn 85 90 95 Asp Gly Asp Lys Pro Lys Val Gln Val Ser Tyr Lys Gly Glu Thr Lys 100 105 110 Ala Phe Tyr Pro Glu Glu Ile Ser Ser Met Val Leu Thr Lys Met Lys 115 120 125 Glu Ile Ala Glu Ala Tyr Leu Gly Tyr Pro Val Thr Asn Ala Val Ile 130 135 140 Thr Val Pro Ala Tyr Phe Asn Asp Ser Gln Arg Gln Ala Thr Lys Asp 145 150 155 160 Ala Gly Val Ile Ala Gly Leu Asn Val Leu Arg Ile Ile Asn Glu Pro 165 170 175 Thr Ala Ala Ala Ile Ala Tyr Gly Leu Asp Arg Thr Gly Lys Gly Glu 180 185 190 Arg Asn Val Leu Ile Phe Asp Leu Gly Gly Gly Thr Phe Asp Val Ser 195 200 205 Ile Leu Thr Ile Asp Asp Gly Ile Phe Glu Val Lys Ala Thr Ala Gly 210 215 220 Asp Thr His Leu Gly Gly Glu Asp Phe Asp Asn Arg Leu Val Asn His 225 230 235 240 Phe Val Glu Glu Phe Lys Arg Lys His Lys Lys Asp Ile Ser Gln Asn 245 250 255 Lys Arg Ala Val Arg Arg Leu Arg Thr Ala Cys Glu Arg Ala Lys Arg 260 265 270 Thr Leu Ser Ser Ser Thr Gln Ala Ser Leu Glu Ile Asp Ser Leu Phe 275 280 285 Glu Gly Ile Asp Phe Tyr Thr Ser Ile Thr Arg Ala Arg Phe Glu Glu 290 295 300 Leu Cys Ser Asp Leu Phe Arg Ser Thr Leu Glu Pro Val Glu Lys Ala 305 310 315 320 Leu Arg Asp Ala Lys Leu Asp Lys Ala Gln Ile His Asp Leu Val Leu 325 330 335 Val Gly Gly Ser Thr Arg Ile Pro Lys Val Gln Lys Leu Leu Gln Asp 340 345 350 Phe Phe Asn Gly Arg Asp Leu Asn Lys Ser Ile Asn Pro Asp Glu Ala 355 360 365 Val Ala Tyr Gly Ala Ala Val Gln Ala Ala Ile Leu Met Gly Asp Lys 370 375 380 Ser Glu Asn Val Gln Asp Leu Leu Leu Leu Asp Val Ala Pro Leu Ser 385 390 395 400 Leu Gly Leu Glu Thr Ala Gly Gly Val Met Thr Ala Leu Ile Lys Arg 405 410 415 Asn Ser Thr Ile Pro Thr Lys Gln Thr Gln Ile Phe Thr Thr Tyr Ser 420 425 430 Asp Asn Gln Pro Gly Val Leu Ile Gln Val Tyr Glu Gly Glu Arg Ala 435 440 445 Met Thr Lys Asp Asn Asn Leu Leu Gly Arg Phe Glu Leu Ser Gly Ile 450 455 460 Pro Pro Ala Pro Arg Gly Val Pro Gln Ile Glu Val Thr Phe Asp Ile 465 470 475 480 Asp Ala Asn Gly Ile Leu Asn Val Thr Ala Thr Asp Lys Ser Thr Gly 485 490 495 Lys Ala Asn Lys Ile Thr Ile Thr Asn Asp Lys Gly Arg Leu Ser Lys 500 505 510 Glu Glu Ile Glu Arg Met Val Gln Glu Ala Glu Lys Tyr Lys Ala Glu 515 520 525 Asp Glu Val Gln Arg Glu Arg Val Ser Ala Lys Asn Ala Leu Glu Ser 530 535 540 Tyr Ala Phe Asn Met Lys Ser Ala Val Glu Asp Glu Gly Leu Lys Gly 545 550 555 560 Lys Ile Ser Glu Ala Asp Lys Lys Lys Val Leu Asp Lys Cys Gln Glu 565 570 575 Val Ile Ser Trp Leu Asp Ala Asn Thr Leu Ala Glu Lys Asp Glu Phe 580 585 590 Glu His Lys Arg Lys Glu Leu Glu Gln Val Cys Asn Pro Ile Ile Ser 595 600 605 Gly Leu Tyr Gln Gly Ala Gly Gly Pro Gly Pro Gly Gly Phe Gly Ala 610 615 620 Gln Gly Pro Lys Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Pro Thr Ile Glu Glu Val 625 630 635 640 Asp 6641PRTHomo sapiens 6Met Ala Thr Ala Lys Gly Ile Ala Ile Gly Ile Asp Leu Gly Thr Thr 1 5 10 15 Tyr Ser Cys Val Gly Val Phe Gln His Gly Lys Val Glu Ile Ile Ala 20 25 30 Asn Asp Gln Gly Asn Arg Thr Thr Pro Ser Tyr Val Ala Phe Thr Asp 35 40 45 Thr Glu Arg Leu Ile Gly Asp Ala Ala Lys Asn Gln Val Ala Met Asn 50 55 60 Pro Gln Asn Thr Val Phe Asp Ala Lys Arg Leu Ile Gly Arg Lys Phe 65 70 75 80 Asn Asp Pro Val Val Gln Ala Asp Met Lys Leu Trp Pro Phe Gln Val 85 90 95 Ile Asn Glu Gly Gly Lys Pro Lys Val Leu Val Ser Tyr Lys Gly Glu 100 105 110 Asn Lys Ala Phe Tyr Pro Glu Glu Ile Ser Ser Met Val Leu Thr Lys 115 120 125 Leu Lys Glu Thr Ala Glu Ala Phe Leu Gly His Pro Val Thr Asn Ala 130 135 140 Val Ile Thr Val Pro Ala Tyr Phe Asn Asp Ser Gln Arg Gln Ala Thr 145 150 155 160 Lys Asp Ala Gly Val Ile Ala Gly Leu Asn Val Leu Arg Ile Ile Asn 165 170 175 Glu Pro Thr Ala Ala Ala Ile Ala Tyr Gly Leu Asp Lys Gly Gly Gln 180 185 190 Gly Glu Arg His Val Leu Ile Phe Asp Leu Gly Gly Gly Thr Phe Asp 195 200 205 Val Ser Ile Leu Thr Ile Asp Asp Gly Ile Phe Glu Val Lys Ala Thr 210 215 220 Ala Gly Asp Thr His Leu Gly Gly Glu Asp Phe Asp Asn Arg Leu Val 225 230 235 240 Ser His Phe Val Glu Glu Phe Lys Arg Lys His Lys Lys Asp Ile Ser 245 250 255 Gln Asn Lys Arg Ala Val Arg Arg Leu Arg Thr Ala Cys Glu Arg Ala 260 265 270 Lys Arg Thr Leu Ser Ser Ser Thr Gln Ala Asn Leu Glu Ile Asp Ser 275 280 285 Leu Tyr Glu Gly Ile Asp Phe Tyr Thr Ser Ile Thr Arg Ala Arg Phe 290 295 300 Glu Glu Leu Cys Ala Asp Leu Phe Arg Gly Thr Leu Glu Pro Val Glu 305 310 315 320 Lys Ala Leu Arg Asp Ala Lys Met Asp Lys Ala Lys Ile His Asp Ile 325 330 335 Val Leu Val Gly Gly Ser Thr Arg Ile Pro Lys Val Gln Arg Leu Leu 340 345 350 Gln Asp Tyr Phe Asn Gly Arg Asp Leu Asn Lys Ser Ile Asn Pro Asp 355 360 365 Glu Ala Val Ala Tyr Gly Ala Ala Val Gln Ala Ala Ile Leu Met Gly 370 375 380 Asp Lys Ser Glu Lys Val Gln Asp Leu Leu Leu Leu Asp Val Ala Pro 385 390 395 400 Leu Ser Leu Gly Leu Glu Thr Ala Gly Gly Val Met Thr Ala Leu Ile 405 410 415 Lys Arg Asn Ser Thr Ile Pro Thr Lys Gln Thr Gln Ile Phe Thr Thr 420 425 430 Tyr Ser Asp Asn Gln Pro Gly Val Leu Ile Gln Val Tyr Glu Gly Glu 435 440 445 Arg Ala Met Thr Lys Asp Asn Asn Leu Leu Gly Arg Phe Asp Leu Thr 450 455 460 Gly Ile Pro Pro Ala Pro Arg Gly Val Pro Gln Ile Glu Val Thr Phe 465 470 475 480 Asp Ile Asp Ala Asn Gly Ile Leu Asn Val Thr Ala Thr Asp Lys Ser 485 490 495 Thr Gly Lys Val Asn Lys Ile Thr Ile Thr Asn Asp Lys Gly Arg Leu 500 505 510 Ser Lys Glu Glu Ile Glu Arg Met Val Leu Asp Ala Glu Lys Tyr Lys 515 520 525 Ala Glu Asp Glu Val Gln Arg Glu Lys Ile Ala Ala Lys Asn Ala Leu 530 535 540 Glu Ser Tyr Ala Phe Asn Met Lys Ser Val Val Ser Asp Glu Gly Leu 545 550 555 560 Lys Gly Lys Ile Ser Glu Ser Asp Lys Asn Lys Ile Leu Asp Lys Cys 565 570 575 Asn Glu Leu Leu Ser Trp Leu Glu Val Asn Gln Leu Ala Glu Lys Asp 580 585 590 Glu Phe Asp His Lys Arg Lys Glu Leu Glu Gln Met Cys Asn Pro Ile 595 600 605 Ile Thr Lys Leu Tyr Gln Gly Gly Cys Thr Gly Pro Ala Cys Gly Thr 610 615 620 Gly Tyr Val Pro Gly Arg Pro Ala Thr Gly Pro Thr Ile Glu Glu Val 625 630 635 640 Asp 7639PRTHomo sapiens 7Met Ser Ala Arg Gly Pro Ala Ile Gly Ile Asp Leu Gly Thr Thr Tyr 1 5 10 15 Ser Cys Val Gly Val Phe Gln His Gly Lys Val Glu Ile Ile Ala Asn 20 25 30 Asp Gln Gly Asn Arg Thr Thr Pro Ser Tyr Val Ala Phe Thr Asp Thr 35 40 45 Glu Arg Leu Ile Gly Asp Ala Ala Lys Asn Gln Val Ala Met Asn Pro 50 55 60 Thr Asn Thr Ile Phe Asp Ala Lys Arg Leu Ile Gly Arg Lys Phe Glu 65

70 75 80 Asp Ala Thr Val Gln Ser Asp Met Lys His Trp Pro Phe Arg Val Val 85 90 95 Ser Glu Gly Gly Lys Pro Lys Val Gln Val Glu Tyr Lys Gly Glu Thr 100 105 110 Lys Thr Phe Phe Pro Glu Glu Ile Ser Ser Met Val Leu Thr Lys Met 115 120 125 Lys Glu Ile Ala Glu Ala Tyr Leu Gly Gly Lys Val His Ser Ala Val 130 135 140 Ile Thr Val Pro Ala Tyr Phe Asn Asp Ser Gln Arg Gln Ala Thr Lys 145 150 155 160 Asp Ala Gly Thr Ile Thr Gly Leu Asn Val Leu Arg Ile Ile Asn Glu 165 170 175 Pro Thr Ala Ala Ala Ile Ala Tyr Gly Leu Asp Lys Lys Gly Cys Ala 180 185 190 Gly Gly Glu Lys Asn Val Leu Ile Phe Asp Leu Gly Gly Gly Thr Phe 195 200 205 Asp Val Ser Ile Leu Thr Ile Glu Asp Gly Ile Phe Glu Val Lys Ser 210 215 220 Thr Ala Gly Asp Thr His Leu Gly Gly Glu Asp Phe Asp Asn Arg Met 225 230 235 240 Val Ser His Leu Ala Glu Glu Phe Lys Arg Lys His Lys Lys Asp Ile 245 250 255 Gly Pro Asn Lys Arg Ala Val Arg Arg Leu Arg Thr Ala Cys Glu Arg 260 265 270 Ala Lys Arg Thr Leu Ser Ser Ser Thr Gln Ala Ser Ile Glu Ile Asp 275 280 285 Ser Leu Tyr Glu Gly Val Asp Phe Tyr Thr Ser Ile Thr Arg Ala Arg 290 295 300 Phe Glu Glu Leu Asn Ala Asp Leu Phe Arg Gly Thr Leu Glu Pro Val 305 310 315 320 Glu Lys Ala Leu Arg Asp Ala Lys Leu Asp Lys Gly Gln Ile Gln Glu 325 330 335 Ile Val Leu Val Gly Gly Ser Thr Arg Ile Pro Lys Ile Gln Lys Leu 340 345 350 Leu Gln Asp Phe Phe Asn Gly Lys Glu Leu Asn Lys Ser Ile Asn Pro 355 360 365 Asp Glu Ala Val Ala Tyr Gly Ala Ala Val Gln Ala Ala Ile Leu Ile 370 375 380 Gly Asp Lys Ser Glu Asn Val Gln Asp Leu Leu Leu Leu Asp Val Thr 385 390 395 400 Pro Leu Ser Leu Gly Ile Glu Thr Ala Gly Gly Val Met Thr Pro Leu 405 410 415 Ile Lys Arg Asn Thr Thr Ile Pro Thr Lys Gln Thr Gln Thr Phe Thr 420 425 430 Thr Tyr Ser Asp Asn Gln Ser Ser Val Leu Val Gln Val Tyr Glu Gly 435 440 445 Glu Arg Ala Met Thr Lys Asp Asn Asn Leu Leu Gly Lys Phe Asp Leu 450 455 460 Thr Gly Ile Pro Pro Ala Pro Arg Gly Val Pro Gln Ile Glu Val Thr 465 470 475 480 Phe Asp Ile Asp Ala Asn Gly Ile Leu Asn Val Thr Ala Ala Asp Lys 485 490 495 Ser Thr Gly Lys Glu Asn Lys Ile Thr Ile Thr Asn Asp Lys Gly Arg 500 505 510 Leu Ser Lys Asp Asp Ile Asp Arg Met Val Gln Glu Ala Glu Arg Tyr 515 520 525 Lys Ser Glu Asp Glu Ala Asn Arg Asp Arg Val Ala Ala Lys Asn Ala 530 535 540 Leu Glu Ser Tyr Thr Tyr Asn Ile Lys Gln Thr Val Glu Asp Glu Lys 545 550 555 560 Leu Arg Gly Lys Ile Ser Glu Gln Asp Lys Asn Lys Ile Leu Asp Lys 565 570 575 Cys Gln Glu Val Ile Asn Trp Leu Asp Arg Asn Gln Met Ala Glu Lys 580 585 590 Asp Glu Tyr Glu His Lys Gln Lys Glu Leu Glu Arg Val Cys Asn Pro 595 600 605 Ile Ile Ser Lys Leu Tyr Gln Gly Gly Pro Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly 610 615 620 Gly Gly Ser Gly Ala Ser Gly Gly Pro Thr Ile Glu Glu Val Asp 625 630 635 8654PRTHomo sapiens 8Met Lys Leu Ser Leu Val Ala Ala Met Leu Leu Leu Leu Ser Ala Ala 1 5 10 15 Arg Ala Glu Glu Glu Asp Lys Lys Glu Asp Val Gly Thr Val Val Gly 20 25 30 Ile Asp Leu Gly Thr Thr Tyr Ser Cys Val Gly Val Phe Lys Asn Gly 35 40 45 Arg Val Glu Ile Ile Ala Asn Asp Gln Gly Asn Arg Ile Thr Pro Ser 50 55 60 Tyr Val Ala Phe Thr Pro Glu Gly Glu Arg Leu Ile Gly Asp Ala Ala 65 70 75 80 Lys Asn Gln Leu Thr Ser Asn Pro Glu Asn Thr Val Phe Asp Ala Lys 85 90 95 Arg Leu Ile Gly Arg Thr Trp Asn Asp Pro Ser Val Gln Gln Asp Ile 100 105 110 Lys Phe Leu Pro Phe Lys Val Val Glu Lys Lys Thr Lys Pro Tyr Ile 115 120 125 Gln Val Asp Ile Gly Gly Gly Gln Thr Lys Thr Phe Ala Pro Glu Glu 130 135 140 Ile Ser Ala Met Val Leu Thr Lys Met Lys Glu Thr Ala Glu Ala Tyr 145 150 155 160 Leu Gly Lys Lys Val Thr His Ala Val Val Thr Val Pro Ala Tyr Phe 165 170 175 Asn Asp Ala Gln Arg Gln Ala Thr Lys Asp Ala Gly Thr Ile Ala Gly 180 185 190 Leu Asn Val Met Arg Ile Ile Asn Glu Pro Thr Ala Ala Ala Ile Ala 195 200 205 Tyr Gly Leu Asp Lys Arg Glu Gly Glu Lys Asn Ile Leu Val Phe Asp 210 215 220 Leu Gly Gly Gly Thr Phe Asp Val Ser Leu Leu Thr Ile Asp Asn Gly 225 230 235 240 Val Phe Glu Val Val Ala Thr Asn Gly Asp Thr His Leu Gly Gly Glu 245 250 255 Asp Phe Asp Gln Arg Val Met Glu His Phe Ile Lys Leu Tyr Lys Lys 260 265 270 Lys Thr Gly Lys Asp Val Arg Lys Asp Asn Arg Ala Val Gln Lys Leu 275 280 285 Arg Arg Glu Val Glu Lys Ala Lys Arg Ala Leu Ser Ser Gln His Gln 290 295 300 Ala Arg Ile Glu Ile Glu Ser Phe Tyr Glu Gly Glu Asp Phe Ser Glu 305 310 315 320 Thr Leu Thr Arg Ala Lys Phe Glu Glu Leu Asn Met Asp Leu Phe Arg 325 330 335 Ser Thr Met Lys Pro Val Gln Lys Val Leu Glu Asp Ser Asp Leu Lys 340 345 350 Lys Ser Asp Ile Asp Glu Ile Val Leu Val Gly Gly Ser Thr Arg Ile 355 360 365 Pro Lys Ile Gln Gln Leu Val Lys Glu Phe Phe Asn Gly Lys Glu Pro 370 375 380 Ser Arg Gly Ile Asn Pro Asp Glu Ala Val Ala Tyr Gly Ala Ala Val 385 390 395 400 Gln Ala Gly Val Leu Ser Gly Asp Gln Asp Thr Gly Asp Leu Val Leu 405 410 415 Leu Asp Val Cys Pro Leu Thr Leu Gly Ile Glu Thr Val Gly Gly Val 420 425 430 Met Thr Lys Leu Ile Pro Arg Asn Thr Val Val Pro Thr Lys Lys Ser 435 440 445 Gln Ile Phe Ser Thr Ala Ser Asp Asn Gln Pro Thr Val Thr Ile Lys 450 455 460 Val Tyr Glu Gly Glu Arg Pro Leu Thr Lys Asp Asn His Leu Leu Gly 465 470 475 480 Thr Phe Asp Leu Thr Gly Ile Pro Pro Ala Pro Arg Gly Val Pro Gln 485 490 495 Ile Glu Val Thr Phe Glu Ile Asp Val Asn Gly Ile Leu Arg Val Thr 500 505 510 Ala Glu Asp Lys Gly Thr Gly Asn Lys Asn Lys Ile Thr Ile Thr Asn 515 520 525 Asp Gln Asn Arg Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Ile Glu Arg Met Val Asn Asp 530 535 540 Ala Glu Lys Phe Ala Glu Glu Asp Lys Lys Leu Lys Glu Arg Ile Asp 545 550 555 560 Thr Arg Asn Glu Leu Glu Ser Tyr Ala Tyr Ser Leu Lys Asn Gln Ile 565 570 575 Gly Asp Lys Glu Lys Leu Gly Gly Lys Leu Ser Ser Glu Asp Lys Glu 580 585 590 Thr Met Glu Lys Ala Val Glu Glu Lys Ile Glu Trp Leu Glu Ser His 595 600 605 Gln Asp Ala Asp Ile Glu Asp Phe Lys Ala Lys Lys Lys Glu Leu Glu 610 615 620 Glu Ile Val Gln Pro Ile Ile Ser Lys Leu Tyr Gly Ser Ala Gly Pro 625 630 635 640 Pro Pro Thr Gly Glu Glu Asp Thr Ala Glu Lys Asp Glu Leu 645 650 9643PRTHomo sapiens 9Met Gln Ala Pro Arg Glu Leu Ala Val Gly Ile Asp Leu Gly Thr Thr 1 5 10 15 Tyr Ser Cys Val Gly Val Phe Gln Gln Gly Arg Val Glu Ile Leu Ala 20 25 30 Asn Asp Gln Gly Asn Arg Thr Thr Pro Ser Tyr Val Ala Phe Thr Asp 35 40 45 Thr Glu Arg Leu Val Gly Asp Ala Ala Lys Ser Gln Ala Ala Leu Asn 50 55 60 Pro His Asn Thr Val Phe Asp Ala Lys Arg Leu Ile Gly Arg Lys Phe 65 70 75 80 Ala Asp Thr Thr Val Gln Ser Asp Met Lys His Trp Pro Phe Arg Val 85 90 95 Val Ser Glu Gly Gly Lys Pro Lys Val Arg Val Cys Tyr Arg Gly Glu 100 105 110 Asp Lys Thr Phe Tyr Pro Glu Glu Ile Ser Ser Met Val Leu Ser Lys 115 120 125 Met Lys Glu Thr Ala Glu Ala Tyr Leu Gly Gln Pro Val Lys His Ala 130 135 140 Val Ile Thr Val Pro Ala Tyr Phe Asn Asp Ser Gln Arg Gln Ala Thr 145 150 155 160 Lys Asp Ala Gly Ala Ile Ala Gly Leu Asn Val Leu Arg Ile Ile Asn 165 170 175 Glu Pro Thr Ala Ala Ala Ile Ala Tyr Gly Leu Asp Arg Arg Gly Ala 180 185 190 Gly Glu Arg Asn Val Leu Ile Phe Asp Leu Gly Gly Gly Thr Phe Asp 195 200 205 Val Ser Val Leu Ser Ile Asp Ala Gly Val Phe Glu Val Lys Ala Thr 210 215 220 Ala Gly Asp Thr His Leu Gly Gly Glu Asp Phe Asp Asn Arg Leu Val 225 230 235 240 Asn His Phe Met Glu Glu Phe Arg Arg Lys His Gly Lys Asp Leu Ser 245 250 255 Gly Asn Lys Arg Ala Leu Arg Arg Leu Arg Thr Ala Cys Glu Arg Ala 260 265 270 Lys Arg Thr Leu Ser Ser Ser Thr Gln Ala Thr Leu Glu Ile Asp Ser 275 280 285 Leu Phe Glu Gly Val Asp Phe Tyr Thr Ser Ile Thr Arg Ala Arg Phe 290 295 300 Glu Glu Leu Cys Ser Asp Leu Phe Arg Ser Thr Leu Glu Pro Val Glu 305 310 315 320 Lys Ala Leu Arg Asp Ala Lys Leu Asp Lys Ala Gln Ile His Asp Val 325 330 335 Val Leu Val Gly Gly Ser Thr Arg Ile Pro Lys Val Gln Lys Leu Leu 340 345 350 Gln Asp Phe Phe Asn Gly Lys Glu Leu Asn Lys Ser Ile Asn Pro Asp 355 360 365 Glu Ala Val Ala Tyr Gly Ala Ala Val Gln Ala Ala Val Leu Met Gly 370 375 380 Asp Lys Cys Glu Lys Val Gln Asp Leu Leu Leu Leu Asp Val Ala Pro 385 390 395 400 Leu Ser Leu Gly Leu Glu Thr Ala Gly Gly Val Met Thr Thr Leu Ile 405 410 415 Gln Arg Asn Ala Thr Ile Pro Thr Lys Gln Thr Gln Thr Phe Thr Thr 420 425 430 Tyr Ser Asp Asn Gln Pro Gly Val Phe Ile Gln Val Tyr Glu Gly Glu 435 440 445 Arg Ala Met Thr Lys Asp Asn Asn Leu Leu Gly Arg Phe Glu Leu Ser 450 455 460 Gly Ile Pro Pro Ala Pro Arg Gly Val Pro Gln Ile Glu Val Thr Phe 465 470 475 480 Asp Ile Asp Ala Asn Gly Ile Leu Ser Val Thr Ala Thr Asp Arg Ser 485 490 495 Thr Gly Lys Ala Asn Lys Ile Thr Ile Thr Asn Asp Lys Gly Arg Leu 500 505 510 Ser Lys Glu Glu Val Glu Arg Met Val His Glu Ala Glu Gln Tyr Lys 515 520 525 Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Gln Arg Asp Arg Val Ala Ala Lys Asn Ser Leu 530 535 540 Glu Ala His Val Phe His Val Lys Gly Ser Leu Gln Glu Glu Ser Leu 545 550 555 560 Arg Asp Lys Ile Pro Glu Glu Asp Arg Arg Lys Met Gln Asp Lys Cys 565 570 575 Arg Glu Val Leu Ala Trp Leu Glu His Asn Gln Leu Ala Glu Lys Glu 580 585 590 Glu Tyr Glu His Gln Lys Arg Glu Leu Glu Gln Ile Cys Arg Pro Ile 595 600 605 Phe Ser Arg Leu Tyr Gly Gly Pro Gly Val Pro Gly Gly Ser Ser Cys 610 615 620 Gly Thr Gln Ala Arg Gln Gly Asp Pro Ser Thr Gly Pro Ile Ile Glu 625 630 635 640 Glu Val Asp 10646PRTHomo sapiens 10Met Ser Lys Gly Pro Ala Val Gly Ile Asp Leu Gly Thr Thr Tyr Ser 1 5 10 15 Cys Val Gly Val Phe Gln His Gly Lys Val Glu Ile Ile Ala Asn Asp 20 25 30 Gln Gly Asn Arg Thr Thr Pro Ser Tyr Val Ala Phe Thr Asp Thr Glu 35 40 45 Arg Leu Ile Gly Asp Ala Ala Lys Asn Gln Val Ala Met Asn Pro Thr 50 55 60 Asn Thr Val Phe Asp Ala Lys Arg Leu Ile Gly Arg Arg Phe Asp Asp 65 70 75 80 Ala Val Val Gln Ser Asp Met Lys His Trp Pro Phe Met Val Val Asn 85 90 95 Asp Ala Gly Arg Pro Lys Val Gln Val Glu Tyr Lys Gly Glu Thr Lys 100 105 110 Ser Phe Tyr Pro Glu Glu Val Ser Ser Met Val Leu Thr Lys Met Lys 115 120 125 Glu Ile Ala Glu Ala Tyr Leu Gly Lys Thr Val Thr Asn Ala Val Val 130 135 140 Thr Val Pro Ala Tyr Phe Asn Asp Ser Gln Arg Gln Ala Thr Lys Asp 145 150 155 160 Ala Gly Thr Ile Ala Gly Leu Asn Val Leu Arg Ile Ile Asn Glu Pro 165 170 175 Thr Ala Ala Ala Ile Ala Tyr Gly Leu Asp Lys Lys Val Gly Ala Glu 180 185 190 Arg Asn Val Leu Ile Phe Asp Leu Gly Gly Gly Thr Phe Asp Val Ser 195 200 205 Ile Leu Thr Ile Glu Asp Gly Ile Phe Glu Val Lys Ser Thr Ala Gly 210 215 220 Asp Thr His Leu Gly Gly Glu Asp Phe Asp Asn Arg Met Val Asn His 225 230 235 240 Phe Ile Ala Glu Phe Lys Arg Lys His Lys Lys Asp Ile Ser Glu Asn 245 250 255 Lys Arg Ala Val Arg Arg Leu Arg Thr Ala Cys Glu Arg Ala Lys Arg 260 265 270 Thr Leu Ser Ser Ser Thr Gln Ala Ser Ile Glu Ile Asp Ser Leu Tyr 275 280 285 Glu Gly Ile Asp Phe Tyr Thr Ser Ile Thr Arg Ala Arg Phe Glu Glu 290 295 300 Leu Asn Ala Asp Leu Phe Arg Gly Thr Leu Asp Pro Val Glu Lys Ala 305 310 315 320 Leu Arg Asp Ala Lys Leu Asp Lys Ser Gln Ile His Asp Ile Val Leu 325 330 335 Val Gly Gly Ser Thr Arg Ile Pro Lys Ile Gln Lys Leu Leu Gln Asp 340 345 350 Phe Phe Asn Gly Lys Glu Leu Asn Lys Ser Ile Asn Pro Asp Glu Ala 355 360 365 Val Ala Tyr Gly Ala Ala Val Gln Ala Ala Ile Leu Ser Gly Asp Lys 370 375 380 Ser Glu Asn Val Gln Asp Leu Leu Leu Leu Asp Val Thr Pro Leu Ser 385 390 395 400 Leu Gly Ile Glu Thr Ala Gly Gly Val Met Thr Val Leu Ile Lys Arg 405 410 415 Asn Thr Thr Ile Pro Thr Lys Gln Thr Gln Thr Phe Thr Thr Tyr Ser 420 425 430 Asp Asn Gln Pro Gly Val Leu Ile Gln Val Tyr Glu Gly Glu

Arg Ala 435 440 445 Met Thr Lys Asp Asn Asn Leu Leu Gly Lys Phe Glu Leu Thr Gly Ile 450 455 460 Pro Pro Ala Pro Arg Gly Val Pro Gln Ile Glu Val Thr Phe Asp Ile 465 470 475 480 Asp Ala Asn Gly Ile Leu Asn Val Ser Ala Val Asp Lys Ser Thr Gly 485 490 495 Lys Glu Asn Lys Ile Thr Ile Thr Asn Asp Lys Gly Arg Leu Ser Lys 500 505 510 Glu Asp Ile Glu Arg Met Val Gln Glu Ala Glu Lys Tyr Lys Ala Glu 515 520 525 Asp Glu Lys Gln Arg Asp Lys Val Ser Ser Lys Asn Ser Leu Glu Ser 530 535 540 Tyr Ala Phe Asn Met Lys Ala Thr Val Glu Asp Glu Lys Leu Gln Gly 545 550 555 560 Lys Ile Asn Asp Glu Asp Lys Gln Lys Ile Leu Asp Lys Cys Asn Glu 565 570 575 Ile Ile Asn Trp Leu Asp Lys Asn Gln Thr Ala Glu Lys Glu Glu Phe 580 585 590 Glu His Gln Gln Lys Glu Leu Glu Lys Val Cys Asn Pro Ile Ile Thr 595 600 605 Lys Leu Tyr Gln Ser Ala Gly Gly Met Pro Gly Gly Met Pro Gly Gly 610 615 620 Phe Pro Gly Gly Gly Ala Pro Pro Ser Gly Gly Ala Ser Ser Gly Pro 625 630 635 640 Thr Ile Glu Glu Val Asp 645 11679PRTHomo sapiens 11Met Ile Ser Ala Ser Arg Ala Ala Ala Ala Arg Leu Val Gly Ala Ala 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Arg Gly Pro Thr Ala Ala Arg His Gln Asp Ser Trp Asn Gly 20 25 30 Leu Ser His Glu Ala Phe Arg Leu Val Ser Arg Arg Asp Tyr Ala Ser 35 40 45 Glu Ala Ile Lys Gly Ala Val Val Gly Ile Asp Leu Gly Thr Thr Asn 50 55 60 Ser Cys Val Ala Val Met Glu Gly Lys Gln Ala Lys Val Leu Glu Asn 65 70 75 80 Ala Glu Gly Ala Arg Thr Thr Pro Ser Val Val Ala Phe Thr Ala Asp 85 90 95 Gly Glu Arg Leu Val Gly Met Pro Ala Lys Arg Gln Ala Val Thr Asn 100 105 110 Pro Asn Asn Thr Phe Tyr Ala Thr Lys Arg Leu Ile Gly Arg Arg Tyr 115 120 125 Asp Asp Pro Glu Val Gln Lys Asp Ile Lys Asn Val Pro Phe Lys Ile 130 135 140 Val Arg Ala Ser Asn Gly Asp Ala Trp Val Glu Ala His Gly Lys Leu 145 150 155 160 Tyr Ser Pro Ser Gln Ile Gly Ala Phe Val Leu Met Lys Met Lys Glu 165 170 175 Thr Ala Glu Asn Tyr Leu Gly His Thr Ala Lys Asn Ala Val Ile Thr 180 185 190 Val Pro Ala Tyr Phe Asn Asp Ser Gln Arg Gln Ala Thr Lys Asp Ala 195 200 205 Gly Gln Ile Ser Gly Leu Asn Val Leu Arg Val Ile Asn Glu Pro Thr 210 215 220 Ala Ala Ala Leu Ala Tyr Gly Leu Asp Lys Ser Glu Asp Lys Val Ile 225 230 235 240 Ala Val Tyr Asp Leu Gly Gly Gly Thr Phe Asp Ile Ser Ile Leu Glu 245 250 255 Ile Gln Lys Gly Val Phe Glu Val Lys Ser Thr Asn Gly Asp Thr Phe 260 265 270 Leu Gly Gly Glu Asp Phe Asp Gln Ala Leu Leu Arg His Ile Val Lys 275 280 285 Glu Phe Lys Arg Glu Thr Gly Val Asp Leu Thr Lys Asp Asn Met Ala 290 295 300 Leu Gln Arg Val Arg Glu Ala Ala Glu Lys Ala Lys Cys Glu Leu Ser 305 310 315 320 Ser Ser Val Gln Thr Asp Ile Asn Leu Pro Tyr Leu Thr Met Asp Ser 325 330 335 Ser Gly Pro Lys His Leu Asn Met Lys Leu Thr Arg Ala Gln Phe Glu 340 345 350 Gly Ile Val Thr Asp Leu Ile Arg Arg Thr Ile Ala Pro Cys Gln Lys 355 360 365 Ala Met Gln Asp Ala Glu Val Ser Lys Ser Asp Ile Gly Glu Val Ile 370 375 380 Leu Val Gly Gly Met Thr Arg Met Pro Lys Val Gln Gln Thr Val Gln 385 390 395 400 Asp Leu Phe Gly Arg Ala Pro Ser Lys Ala Val Asn Pro Asp Glu Ala 405 410 415 Val Ala Ile Gly Ala Ala Ile Gln Gly Gly Val Leu Ala Gly Asp Val 420 425 430 Thr Asp Val Leu Leu Leu Asp Val Thr Pro Leu Ser Leu Gly Ile Glu 435 440 445 Thr Leu Gly Gly Val Phe Thr Lys Leu Ile Asn Arg Asn Thr Thr Ile 450 455 460 Pro Thr Lys Lys Ser Gln Val Phe Ser Thr Ala Ala Asp Gly Gln Thr 465 470 475 480 Gln Val Glu Ile Lys Val Cys Gln Gly Glu Arg Glu Met Ala Gly Asp 485 490 495 Asn Lys Leu Leu Gly Gln Phe Thr Leu Ile Gly Ile Pro Pro Ala Pro 500 505 510 Arg Gly Val Pro Gln Ile Glu Val Thr Phe Asp Ile Asp Ala Asn Gly 515 520 525 Ile Val His Val Ser Ala Lys Asp Lys Gly Thr Gly Arg Glu Gln Gln 530 535 540 Ile Val Ile Gln Ser Ser Gly Gly Leu Ser Lys Asp Asp Ile Glu Asn 545 550 555 560 Met Val Lys Asn Ala Glu Lys Tyr Ala Glu Glu Asp Arg Arg Lys Lys 565 570 575 Glu Arg Val Glu Ala Val Asn Met Ala Glu Gly Ile Ile His Asp Thr 580 585 590 Glu Thr Lys Met Glu Glu Phe Lys Asp Gln Leu Pro Ala Asp Glu Cys 595 600 605 Asn Lys Leu Lys Glu Glu Ile Ser Lys Met Arg Glu Leu Leu Ala Arg 610 615 620 Lys Asp Ser Glu Thr Gly Glu Asn Ile Arg Gln Ala Ala Ser Ser Leu 625 630 635 640 Gln Gln Ala Ser Leu Lys Leu Phe Glu Met Ala Tyr Lys Lys Met Ala 645 650 655 Ser Glu Arg Glu Gly Ser Gly Ser Ser Gly Thr Gly Glu Gln Lys Glu 660 665 670 Asp Gln Lys Glu Glu Lys Gln 675 12732PRTHomo sapiens 12Met Pro Glu Glu Thr Gln Thr Gln Asp Gln Pro Met Glu Glu Glu Glu 1 5 10 15 Val Glu Thr Phe Ala Phe Gln Ala Glu Ile Ala Gln Leu Met Ser Leu 20 25 30 Ile Ile Asn Thr Phe Tyr Ser Asn Lys Glu Ile Phe Leu Arg Glu Leu 35 40 45 Ile Ser Asn Ser Ser Asp Ala Leu Asp Lys Ile Arg Tyr Glu Ser Leu 50 55 60 Thr Asp Pro Ser Lys Leu Asp Ser Gly Lys Glu Leu His Ile Asn Leu 65 70 75 80 Ile Pro Asn Lys Gln Asp Arg Thr Leu Thr Ile Val Asp Thr Gly Ile 85 90 95 Gly Met Thr Lys Ala Asp Leu Ile Asn Asn Leu Gly Thr Ile Ala Lys 100 105 110 Ser Gly Thr Lys Ala Phe Met Glu Ala Leu Gln Ala Gly Ala Asp Ile 115 120 125 Ser Met Ile Gly Gln Phe Gly Val Gly Phe Tyr Ser Ala Tyr Leu Val 130 135 140 Ala Glu Lys Val Thr Val Ile Thr Lys His Asn Asp Asp Glu Gln Tyr 145 150 155 160 Ala Trp Glu Ser Ser Ala Gly Gly Ser Phe Thr Val Arg Thr Asp Thr 165 170 175 Gly Glu Pro Met Gly Arg Gly Thr Lys Val Ile Leu His Leu Lys Glu 180 185 190 Asp Gln Thr Glu Tyr Leu Glu Glu Arg Arg Ile Lys Glu Ile Val Lys 195 200 205 Lys His Ser Gln Phe Ile Gly Tyr Pro Ile Thr Leu Phe Val Glu Lys 210 215 220 Glu Arg Asp Lys Glu Val Ser Asp Asp Glu Ala Glu Glu Lys Glu Asp 225 230 235 240 Lys Glu Glu Glu Lys Glu Lys Glu Glu Lys Glu Ser Glu Asp Lys Pro 245 250 255 Glu Ile Glu Asp Val Gly Ser Asp Glu Glu Glu Glu Lys Lys Asp Gly 260 265 270 Asp Lys Lys Lys Lys Lys Lys Ile Lys Glu Lys Tyr Ile Asp Gln Glu 275 280 285 Glu Leu Asn Lys Thr Lys Pro Ile Trp Thr Arg Asn Pro Asp Asp Ile 290 295 300 Thr Asn Glu Glu Tyr Gly Glu Phe Tyr Lys Ser Leu Thr Asn Asp Trp 305 310 315 320 Glu Asp His Leu Ala Val Lys His Phe Ser Val Glu Gly Gln Leu Glu 325 330 335 Phe Arg Ala Leu Leu Phe Val Pro Arg Arg Ala Pro Phe Asp Leu Phe 340 345 350 Glu Asn Arg Lys Lys Lys Asn Asn Ile Lys Leu Tyr Val Arg Arg Val 355 360 365 Phe Ile Met Asp Asn Cys Glu Glu Leu Ile Pro Glu Tyr Leu Asn Phe 370 375 380 Ile Arg Gly Val Val Asp Ser Glu Asp Leu Pro Leu Asn Ile Ser Arg 385 390 395 400 Glu Met Leu Gln Gln Ser Lys Ile Leu Lys Val Ile Arg Lys Asn Leu 405 410 415 Val Lys Lys Cys Leu Glu Leu Phe Thr Glu Leu Ala Glu Asp Lys Glu 420 425 430 Asn Tyr Lys Lys Phe Tyr Glu Gln Phe Ser Lys Asn Ile Lys Leu Gly 435 440 445 Ile His Glu Asp Ser Gln Asn Arg Lys Lys Leu Ser Glu Leu Leu Arg 450 455 460 Tyr Tyr Thr Ser Ala Ser Gly Asp Glu Met Val Ser Leu Lys Asp Tyr 465 470 475 480 Cys Thr Arg Met Lys Glu Asn Gln Lys His Ile Tyr Tyr Ile Thr Gly 485 490 495 Glu Thr Lys Asp Gln Val Ala Asn Ser Ala Phe Val Glu Arg Leu Arg 500 505 510 Lys His Gly Leu Glu Val Ile Tyr Met Ile Glu Pro Ile Asp Glu Tyr 515 520 525 Cys Val Gln Gln Leu Lys Glu Phe Glu Gly Lys Thr Leu Val Ser Val 530 535 540 Thr Lys Glu Gly Leu Glu Leu Pro Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu Lys Lys Lys 545 550 555 560 Gln Glu Glu Lys Lys Thr Lys Phe Glu Asn Leu Cys Lys Ile Met Lys 565 570 575 Asp Ile Leu Glu Lys Lys Val Glu Lys Val Val Val Ser Asn Arg Leu 580 585 590 Val Thr Ser Pro Cys Cys Ile Val Thr Ser Thr Tyr Gly Trp Thr Ala 595 600 605 Asn Met Glu Arg Ile Met Lys Ala Gln Ala Leu Arg Asp Asn Ser Thr 610 615 620 Met Gly Tyr Met Ala Ala Lys Lys His Leu Glu Ile Asn Pro Asp His 625 630 635 640 Ser Ile Ile Glu Thr Leu Arg Gln Lys Ala Glu Ala Asp Lys Asn Asp 645 650 655 Lys Ser Val Lys Asp Leu Val Ile Leu Leu Tyr Glu Thr Ala Leu Leu 660 665 670 Ser Ser Gly Phe Ser Leu Glu Asp Pro Gln Thr His Ala Asn Arg Ile 675 680 685 Tyr Arg Met Ile Lys Leu Gly Leu Gly Ile Asp Glu Asp Asp Pro Thr 690 695 700 Ala Asp Asp Thr Ser Ala Ala Val Thr Glu Glu Met Pro Pro Leu Glu 705 710 715 720 Gly Asp Asp Asp Thr Ser Arg Met Glu Glu Val Asp 725 730 132445DNAHomo sapiens 13ataaaagccc aggggcaagc ggtccggata acggctagcc tgaggagctg ctgcgacagt 60ccactacctt tttcgagagt gactcccgtt gtcccaaggc ttcccagagc gaacctgtgc 120ggctgcaggc accggcgcgt cgagtttccg gcgtccggaa ggaccgagct cttctcgcgg 180atccagtgtt ccgtttccag cccccaatct cagagcggag ccgacagaga gcagggaacc 240ggcatggcca aagccgcggc gatcggcatc gacctgggca ccacctactc ctgcgtgggg 300gtgttccaac acggcaaggt ggagatcatc gccaacgacc agggcaaccg caccaccccc 360agctacgtgg ccttcacgga caccgagcgg ctcatcgggg atgcggccaa gaaccaggtg 420gcgctgaacc cgcagaacac cgtgtttgac gcgaagcggc tgattggccg caagttcggc 480gacccggtgg tgcagtcgga catgaagcac tggcctttcc aggtgatcaa cgacggagac 540aagcccaagg tgcaggtgag ctacaagggg gagaccaagg cattctaccc cgaggagatc 600tcgtccatgg tgctgaccaa gatgaaggag atcgccgagg cgtacctggg ctacccggtg 660accaacgcgg tgatcaccgt gccggcctac ttcaacgact cgcagcgcca ggccaccaag 720gatgcgggtg tgatcgcggg gctcaacgtg ctgcggatca tcaacgagcc cacggccgcc 780gccatcgcct acggcctgga cagaacgggc aagggggagc gcaacgtgct catctttgac 840ctgggcgggg gcaccttcga cgtgtccatc ctgacgatcg acgacggcat cttcgaggtg 900aaggccacgg ccggggacac ccacctgggt ggggaggact ttgacaacag gctggtgaac 960cacttcgtgg aggagttcaa gagaaaacac aagaaggaca tcagccagaa caagcgagcc 1020gtgaggcggc tgcgcaccgc ctgcgagagg gccaagagga ccctgtcgtc cagcacccag 1080gccagcctgg agatcgactc cctgtttgag ggcatcgact tctacacgtc catcaccagg 1140gcgaggttcg aggagctgtg ctccgacctg ttccgaagca ccctggagcc cgtggagaag 1200gctctgcgcg acgccaagct ggacaaggcc cagattcacg acctggtcct ggtcgggggc 1260tccacccgca tccccaaggt gcagaagctg ctgcaggact tcttcaacgg gcgcgacctg 1320aacaagagca tcaaccccga cgaggctgtg gcctacgggg cggcggtgca ggcggccatc 1380ctgatggggg acaagtccga gaacgtgcag gacctgctgc tgctggacgt ggctcccctg 1440tcgctggggc tggagacggc cggaggcgtg atgactgccc tgatcaagcg caactccacc 1500atccccacca agcagacgca gatcttcacc acctactccg acaaccaacc cggggtgctg 1560atccaggtgt acgagggcga gagggccatg acgaaagaca acaatctgtt ggggcgcttc 1620gagctgagcg gcatccctcc ggcccccagg ggcgtgcccc agatcgaggt gaccttcgac 1680atcgatgcca acggcatcct gaacgtcacg gccacggaca agagcaccgg caaggccaac 1740aagatcacca tcaccaacga caagggccgc ctgagcaagg aggagatcga gcgcatggtg 1800caggaggcgg agaagtacaa agcggaggac gaggtgcagc gcgagagggt gtcagccaag 1860aacgccctgg agtcctacgc cttcaacatg aagagcgccg tggaggatga ggggctcaag 1920ggcaagatca gcgaggcgga caagaagaag gtgctggaca agtgtcaaga ggtcatctcg 1980tggctggacg ccaacacctt ggccgagaag gacgagtttg agcacaagag gaaggagctg 2040gagcaggtgt gtaaccccat catcagcgga ctgtaccagg gtgccggtgg tcccgggcct 2100gggggcttcg gggctcaggg tcccaaggga gggtctgggt caggccccac cattgaggag 2160gtagattagg ggcctttcca agattgctgt ttttgttttg gagcttcaag actttgcatt 2220tcctagtatt tctgtttgtc agttctcaat ttcctgtgtt tgcaatgttg aaattttttg 2280gtgaagtact gaacttgctt tttttccggt ttctacatgc agagatgaat ttatactgcc 2340atcttacgac tatttcttct ttttaataca cttaactcag gccatttttt aagttggtta 2400cttcaaagta aataaacttt aaaattcaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaa 2445143366DNAHomo sapiens 14gcatgcgtag gcgcgcggcc gcggcggcgg ctggggaggg ttcttccgga aggttcggga 60ggcttctgga aaaagcgccg cgcgctgggc gggcccgtcg ctatataagg caggcgcggg 120ggtggcgcgt cagttgcttc agcgtcccgg tgtggctgtg ccgttggtcc tgtgcggtca 180cttagccaag atgcctgagg aaacccagac ccaagaccaa ccgatggagg aggaggaggt 240tgagacgttc gcctttcagg cagaaattgc ccagttgatg tcattgatca tcaatacttt 300ctactcgaac aaagagatct ttctgagaga gctcatttca aattcatcag atgcattgga 360caaaatccgg tatgaaagct tgacagatcc cagtaaatta gactctggga aagagctgca 420tattaacctt ataccgaaca aacaagatcg aactctcact attgtggata ctggaattgg 480aatgaccaag gctgacttga tcaataacct tggtactatc gccaagtctg ggaccaaagc 540gttcatggaa gctttgcagg ctggtgcaga tatctctatg attggccagt tcggtgttgg 600tttttattct gcttatttgg ttgctgagaa agtaactgtg atcaccaaac ataacgatga 660tgagcagtac gcttgggagt cctcagcagg gggatcattc acagtgagga cagacacagg 720tgaacctatg ggtcgtggaa caaaagttat cctacacctg aaagaagacc aaactgagta 780cttggaggaa cgaagaataa aggagattgt gaagaaacat tctcagttta ttggatatcc 840cattactctt tttgtggaga aggaacgtga taaagaagta agcgatgatg aggctgaaga 900aaaggaagac aaagaagaag aaaaagaaaa agaagagaaa gagtcggaag acaaacctga 960aattgaagat gttggttctg atgaggaaga agaaaagaag gatggtgaca agaagaagaa 1020gaagaagatt aaggaaaagt acatcgatca agaagagctc aacaaaacaa agcccatctg 1080gaccagaaat cccgacgata ttactaatga ggagtacgga gaattctata agagcttgac 1140caatgactgg gaagatcact tggcagtgaa gcatttttca gttgaaggac agttggaatt 1200cagagccctt ctatttgtcc cacgacgtgc tccttttgat ctgtttgaaa acagaaagaa 1260aaagaacaac atcaaattgt atgtacgcag agttttcatc atggataact gtgaggagct 1320aatccctgaa tatctgaact tcattagagg ggtggtagac tcggaggatc tccctctaaa 1380catatcccgt gagatgttgc aacaaagcaa aattttgaaa gttatcagga agaatttggt 1440caaaaaatgc ttagaactct ttactgaact ggcggaagat aaagagaact acaagaaatt 1500ctatgagcag ttctctaaaa acataaagct tggaatacac gaagactctc aaaatcggaa 1560gaagctttca gagctgttaa ggtactacac atctgcctct ggtgatgaga tggtttctct 1620caaggactac tgcaccagaa tgaaggagaa ccagaaacat atctattata tcacaggtga 1680gaccaaggac caggtagcta actcagcctt tgtggaacgt cttcggaaac atggcttaga 1740agtgatctat atgattgagc ccattgatga gtactgtgtc caacagctga aggaatttga 1800ggggaagact ttagtgtcag tcaccaaaga aggcctggaa cttccagagg atgaagaaga 1860gaaaaagaag caggaagaga aaaaaacaaa gtttgagaac ctctgcaaaa tcatgaaaga 1920catattggag aaaaaagttg aaaaggtggt tgtgtcaaac

cgattggtga catctccatg 1980ctgtattgtc acaagcacat atggctggac agcaaacatg gagagaatca tgaaagctca 2040agccctaaga gacaactcaa caatgggtta catggcagca aagaaacacc tggagataaa 2100ccctgaccat tccattattg agaccttaag gcaaaaggca gaggctgata agaacgacaa 2160gtctgtgaag gatctggtca tcttgcttta tgaaactgcg ctcctgtctt ctggcttcag 2220tctggaagat ccccagacac atgctaacag gatctacagg atgatcaaac ttggtctggg 2280tattgatgaa gatgacccta ctgctgatga taccagtgct gctgtaactg aagaaatgcc 2340accccttgaa ggagatgacg acacatcacg catggaagaa gtagactaat ctctggctga 2400gggatgactt acctgttcag tactctacaa ttcctctgat aatatatttt caaggatgtt 2460tttctttatt tttgttaata ttaaaaagtc tgtatggcat gacaactact ttaaggggaa 2520gataagattt ctgtctacta agtgatgctg tgatacctta ggcactaaag cagagctagt 2580aatgcttttt gagtttcatg ttggtttatt ttcacagatt ggggtaacgt gcactgtaag 2640acgtatgtaa catgatgtta actttgtggt ctaaagtgtt tagctgtcaa gccggatgcc 2700taagtagacc aaatcttgtt attgaagtgt tctgagctgt atcttgatgt ttagaaaagt 2760attcgttaca tcttgtagga tctacttttt gaacttttca ttccctgtag ttgacaattc 2820tgcatgtact agtcctctag aaataggtta aactgaagca acttgatgga aggatctctc 2880cacagggctt gttttccaaa gaaaagtatt gtttggagga gcaaagttaa aagcctacct 2940aagcatatcg taaagctgtt caaaaataac tcagacccag tcttgtggat ggaaatgtag 3000tgctcgagtc acattctgct taaagttgta acaaatacag atgagttaaa agatattgtg 3060tgacagtgtc ttatttaggg ggaaagggga gtatctggat gacagttagt gccaaaatgt 3120aaaacatgag gcgctagcag gagatggtta aacactagct gctccaaggg ttgacatggt 3180cttcccagca tgtactcagc aggtgtgggg tggagcacac gtaggcacag aaaacaggaa 3240tgcagacaac atgcatcccc tgcgtccatg agttacatgt gttctcttag tgtccacgtt 3300gttttgatgt tattcatgga ataccttctg tgttaaatac agtcacttaa ttccttggcc 3360ttaaaa 33661520PRTHomo sapiens 15Met Leu Arg Leu Pro Thr Val Phe Arg Gln Met Arg Pro Val Ser Arg 1 5 10 15 Val Leu Ala Pro 20 1620PRTHomo sapiens 16Arg Val Leu Ala Pro His Leu Thr Arg Ala Tyr Ala Lys Asp Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Phe Gly Ala Asp 20 1719PRTHomo sapiens 17Leu Leu Ala Asp Ala Val Ala Val Thr Met Gly Lys Gly Arg Thr Val 1 5 10 15 Ile Ile Glu 1820PRTHomo sapiens 18Thr Val Ile Ile Glu Gln Ser Trp Gly Ser Pro Lys Val Thr Lys Asp 1 5 10 15 Gly Val Thr Val 20 1920PRTHomo sapiens 19Asp Gly Val Thr Val Ala Lys Ser Ile Asp Leu Lys Asp Lys Tyr Lys 1 5 10 15 Asn Ile Gly Ala 20 2020PRTHomo sapiens 20Lys Asn Ile Gly Ala Lys Leu Val Gln Asp Val Ala Asn Asn Thr Asn 1 5 10 15 Glu Glu Ala Gly 20 2120PRTHomo sapiens 21Asn Glu Glu Ala Gly Lys Gly Thr Thr Thr Ala Thr Val Leu Ala Arg 1 5 10 15 Ser Ile Ala Lys 20 2220PRTHomo sapiens 22Arg Ser Ile Ala Lys Glu Gly Phe Glu Lys Ile Ser Lys Gly Ala Asn 1 5 10 15 Pro Val Glu Ile 20 2320PRTHomo sapiens 23Asn Pro Val Glu Ile Arg Arg Gly Val Met Leu Ala Val Asp Ala Val 1 5 10 15 Ile Ala Glu Leu 20 2420PRTHomo sapiens 24Val Ile Ala Glu Leu Lys Lys Gln Ser Lys Pro Val Thr Thr Pro Glu 1 5 10 15 Glu Ile Ala Gln 20 2520PRTHomo sapiens 25Glu Glu Ile Ala Gln Val Ala Thr Ile Ser Ala Asn Gly Asp Lys Glu 1 5 10 15 Ile Gly Asn Ile 20 2619PRTHomo sapiens 26Glu Ile Gly Asn Ile Ile Ser Asp Ala Met Lys Lys Val Gly Arg Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly Val Ile 2720PRTHomo sapiens 27Arg Lys Gly Val Ile Thr Val Lys Asp Gly Lys Thr Leu Asn Asp Glu 1 5 10 15 Leu Glu Ile Ile 20 2820PRTHomo sapiens 28Glu Leu Glu Ile Ile Glu Gly Met Lys Phe Asp Arg Gly Tyr Ile Ser 1 5 10 15 Pro Tyr Phe Ile 20 2920PRTHomo sapiens 29Ser Pro Tyr Phe Ile Asn Thr Ser Lys Gly Gln Lys Cys Glu Phe Gln 1 5 10 15 Asp Ala Tyr Val 20 3020PRTHomo sapiens 30Gln Asp Ala Tyr Val Leu Leu Ser Glu Lys Lys Ile Ser Ser Ile Gln 1 5 10 15 Ser Ile Val Pro 20 3121PRTHomo sapiens 31Gln Ser Ile Val Pro Ala Leu Glu Ile Ala Asn Ala His Arg Lys Pro 1 5 10 15 Leu Val Ile Ile Ala 20 3220PRTMycobacterium tuberculosis 32Ala Tyr Asp Glu Glu Ala Arg Arg Gly Leu Glu Arg Gly Leu Asn Ala 1 5 10 15 Leu Ala Asp Ala 20 3315PRTMycobacterium tuberculosis 33Glu Glu Ser Asn Thr Phe Gly Leu Gln Leu Glu Leu Thr Glu Gly 1 5 10 15 3420PRTMycobacterium tuberculosis 34Ala Tyr Asp Glu Glu Ala Arg Arg Gly Leu Glu Arg Gly Leu Asn Ala 1 5 10 15 Leu Ala Asp Ala 20 3520PRTRattus norvergicus 35Lys Phe Gly Ala Asp Ala Arg Ala Leu Met Leu Gln Gly Val Asp Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Ala Asp Ala 20

Claims

1. A method of treating a T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease, which comprises administering to an individual in need thereof an immunogenic composition comprising a recombinant construct of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90), or an active fragment thereof, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is operatively linked to one or more transcription control sequences, thereby treating the disease, wherein the disease is other than insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or rheumatoid arthritis, and wherein the administering of the immunogenic composition results in a shift of the immune response to a Th2 response.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a delivery vehicle selected from the group consisting of liposomes, micelles, emulsions and cells.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the immunogenic composition is administered to the individual prior to the appearance of disease symptoms.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease is selected from the group consisting of: systemic lupus erythematosus, collagen II arthritis, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune neuritis, psoriasis, Sjogren's disease, thyroid disease, sarcoidosis, autoimmune uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's and ulcerative colitis) and autoimmune hepatitis.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease is inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's and ulcerative colitis).

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the immunogenic composition is administered by a route selected from the group consisting of intravenous, topical, intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mammalian HSP is human HSP90.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the individual is a human.

9. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of (a) obtaining cells from the individual; (b) transfecting the cells ex vivo with the composition comprising the recombinant construct of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the heat shock protein or the active fragment thereof; and (c) reintroducing the transfected cells to the individual.

10. A method of treating a T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease, which comprises administering to an individual in need thereof an immunogenic composition comprising a recombinant construct of a nucleic acid sequence encoding mammalian heat shock protein HSP90 (full length), wherein the nucleic acid sequence is operatively linked to one or more transcription control sequences, and wherein the immunogenic composition is administered by direct injection, thereby treating the disease, wherein the disease is other than insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or rheumatoid arthritis, and wherein the administering of the immunogenic composition results in a shift of the immune response to a Th2 response.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease is selected from the group consisting of: systemic lupus erythematosus, collagen II arthritis, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune neuritis, psoriasis, Sjogren's disease, thyroid disease, sarcoidosis, autoimmune uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's and ulcerative colitis) and autoimmune hepatitis.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease is inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's and ulcerative colitis).

13. The method of claim 10, wherein the composition comprises a delivery vehicle selected from the group consisting of liposomes, micelles, emulsions and cells.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein the immunogenic composition is administered to the individual prior to the appearance of disease symptoms.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein the immunogenic composition is administered by a route selected from the group consisting of intravenous, topical, intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular.

16. The method of claim 10, comprising the steps of (a) obtaining cells from the individual; (b) transfecting the cells ex vivo with the composition comprising the recombinant construct of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the heat shock protein or the active fragment thereof; and (c) reintroducing the transfected cells to the individual.

17. The method of claim 10, wherein the HSP90 is human HSP90.

18. The method of claim 10, wherein the individual is a human.

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