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| 20090106741 | UNIFIED TRACING SERVICE - A computer is programmed with multiple software programs to record structures including (a) unstructured information to denote a transition between portions of code, and (b) metadata related to one or more attributes of the information. In addition, the computer writes two additional types of structures: section type, and dump type. The section type structure has metadata to indicate a beginning and an end, to bracket a group of structures located therebetween. The dump type has a dump header and a dump body. The dump header includes a symbol to indicate it's of dump type. The dump body is a set of values of an object used by the software program(s) during execution by the computer. A group of structures, within a section type, may include structures of each of the trace record type, dump type and section type. | 04-23-2009 |
| 20120005188 | TECHNIQUES FOR RECOMMENDING PARALLEL EXECUTION OF SQL STATEMENTS - Techniques for automatically recommending parallel execution of a SQL statement. In one set of embodiments, a first determination can be made regarding whether a SQL statement can be executed in parallel. Further, a second determination can be made regarding whether executing the SQL statement in parallel is faster than executing the statement in serial by a predetermined factor. If the first determination and second determination are positive (i.e., the statement can be executed in parallel and parallel execution is faster by the predetermined factor), a recommendation can be provided indicating that the SQL statement should be executed in parallel. In some embodiments, the recommendation can include a report specifying the degree of performance improvement gained from parallel execution, additional system resources consumed by parallel execution, and other statistics pertaining to the recommended parallel execution plan. | 01-05-2012 |
| 20120005189 | TECHNIQUES FOR RECOMMENDING ALTERNATIVE SQL EXECUTION PLANS - Techniques for automatically recommending alternative execution plans for a SQL statement. In one set of embodiments, information pertaining to one or more execution plans for a SQL statement can be retrieved from a set of plan sources. The one or more execution plans can include the current execution plan for the statement and one or more historical execution plans. Based on the retrieved information, the performance of the one or more execution plans can be compared to each other. Based on the comparison, a recommendation can be provided to a user indicating that a particular execution plan (e.g., a historical execution plan) should be used in place of the current execution plan to execute the SQL statement. | 01-05-2012 |
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| 20130086165 | MEETING SYSTEM THAT INTERCONNECTS GROUP AND PERSONAL DEVICES ACROSS A NETWORK - Systems and methods are provided for hosting collaboration between multiple clients. The system includes a network interface able to communicate with clients, and a control unit. The control unit is able to receive a screen capture that represents visual content at a display of a client, to identify multiple clients for receiving the screen capture, and to transmit the screen capture to the multiple clients for presentation at displays of the multiple clients. The control unit is further able to receive instructions in parallel from the multiple clients representing marks made upon the screen capture, and to transmit the instructions in parallel to the multiple clients to apply the marks onto the screen capture as presented at the displays of the multiple clients. | 04-04-2013 |
| 20130086166 | MEETING SYSTEM THAT INTERCONNECTS GROUP AND PERSONAL DEVICES ACROSS A NETWORK - Systems and methods are provided for hosting collaboration between multiple clients. The system includes a network interface able to communicate with clients, and a control unit. The control unit is able to receive a screen capture that represents visual content at a display of a client, to identify multiple clients for receiving the screen capture, and to transmit the screen capture to the multiple clients for presentation at displays of the multiple clients. The control unit is further able to receive instructions in parallel from the multiple clients representing marks made upon the screen capture, and to transmit the instructions in parallel to the multiple clients to apply the marks onto the screen capture as presented at the displays of the multiple clients. | 04-04-2013 |
| 20130086209 | MEETING SYSTEM THAT INTERCONNECTS GROUP AND PERSONAL DEVICES ACROSS A NETWORK - Systems and methods are provided for hosting collaboration between multiple clients. The system includes a network interface able to communicate with clients, and a control unit. The control unit is able to receive a screen capture that represents visual content at a display of a client, to identify multiple clients for receiving the screen capture, and to transmit the screen capture to the multiple clients for presentation at displays of the multiple clients. The control unit is further able to receive instructions in parallel from the multiple clients representing marks made upon the screen capture, and to transmit the instructions in parallel to the multiple clients to apply the marks onto the screen capture as presented at the displays of the multiple clients. | 04-04-2013 |
| 20130086487 | MEETING SYSTEM THAT INTERCONNECTS GROUP AND PERSONAL DEVICES ACROSS A NETWORK - Systems and methods are provided for hosting collaboration between multiple clients. The system includes a network interface able to communicate with clients, and a control unit. The control unit is able to receive a screen capture that represents visual content at a display of a client, to identify multiple clients for receiving the screen capture, and to transmit the screen capture to the multiple clients for presentation at displays of the multiple clients. The control unit is further able to receive instructions in parallel from the multiple clients representing marks made upon the screen capture, and to transmit the instructions in parallel to the multiple clients to apply the marks onto the screen capture as presented at the displays of the multiple clients. | 04-04-2013 |
| 20130201209 | NETWORK ACCESSIBLE PROJECTORS THAT DISPLAY MULTIPLE CLIENT SCREENS AT ONCE - Systems and methods are provided for provisioning, via a projector, client software for accessing the projector from a network. The projector includes a light emitting unit that projects visible light representing image information onto a screen, a network interface, and a control unit. The control unit provides client software to network devices that enables the network devices to interact with the projector, receives input via the network interface from the client software operating on multiple network devices, processes the input from the client software to generate image information for the light emitting unit, and provides the generated image information to the light emitting unit for projection onto the screen. | 08-08-2013 |
| 20140019149 | Scheduling a Patient for a Remote, Virtual Consultation - A system and method for scheduling a patient for remote, virtual consultation by a first available matching medical service provider are disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes a classifier, a medical analyzer and a scheduler. The classifier associates a specialty with the first medical service provider (FMSP). The medical analyzer identifies a condition associated with the patient and identifies a specialty of medical service provider that can address the condition. The scheduler generates a list of patients waiting for medical consultation, receives an indication of availability of the FMSP, selects a patient from the list of patients based at least in part on whether the FMSP is associated with the specialty of medical service provider that can address the condition associated with the patient, checks for an available consultation device at a node associated with the patient, and assigns the FMSP for remote, virtual consultation with the patient. | 01-16-2014 |
| 20140019630 | Media Stream Modification Based on Channel Limitations - A system and method for modifying media stream based on a channel limitation are disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes a channel analyzer, a modality of interest (MOI) identification module and an inter-modality resolution modification module. The channel analyzer determines a channel limitation. The MOI identification module receives a plurality of media streams and identifies at least one MOI. The inter-modality resolution modification module modifies a resolution of at least one of the media streams based on the channel limitation and content of the media streams. In another embodiment, the system includes a region of interest identification (ROI) module and an intra-modality resolution modification module instead of, or in addition to, the MOI identification module and inter-modality resolution modification module. The ROI identification module receives a media stream and identifies at least one ROI within the media stream. | 01-16-2014 |
| 20140019631 | Media Stream Modification Based on Channel Limitations - A system and method for modifying media stream based on a channel limitation are disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes a channel analyzer, a modality of interest (MOI) identification module and an inter-modality resolution modification module. The channel analyzer determines a channel limitation. The MOI identification module receives a plurality of media streams and identifies at least one MOI. The inter-modality resolution modification module modifies a resolution of at least one of the media streams based on the channel limitation and content of the media streams. In another embodiment, the system includes a region of interest identification (ROI) module and an intra-modality resolution modification module instead of, or in addition to, the MOI identification module and inter-modality resolution modification module. The ROI identification module receives a media stream and identifies at least one ROI within the media stream. | 01-16-2014 |
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| 20080237029 | Oxidized Barrier Layer - A method and resultant produce of forming barrier layer based on ruthenium tantalum in a via or other vertical interconnect structure through a dielectric layer in a multi-level metallization. The RuTa layer in a RuTa/RuTaN bilayer, which may form discontinuous islands, is actively oxidized, preferably in an oxygen plasma, to thereby bridge the gaps between the islands. Alternatively, ruthenium tantalum oxide is reactive sputtered onto the RuTaN or directly onto the underlying dielectric by plasma sputtering a RuTa target in the presence of oxygen. | 10-02-2008 |
| 20090017227 | Remote Plasma Source for Pre-Treatment of Substrates Prior to Deposition - A plasma processing chamber particularly useful for pre-treating low-k dielectric films and refractory metal films subject to oxidation prior to deposition of other layers. A remote plasma source (RPS) excites a processing gas into a plasma and delivers it through a supply tube to a manifold in back of a showerhead faceplate. The chamber is configured for oxidizing and reducing plasmas in the same or different processes when oxygen and hydrogen are selectively supplied to the RPS. The supply tube and showerhead may be formed of dielectric oxides which may be passivated by a water vapor plasma from the remote plasma source. In one novel process, a protective hydroxide coating is formed on refractory metals by alternating neutral plasmas of hydrogen and oxygen. | 01-15-2009 |
| 20090087982 | SELECTIVE RUTHENIUM DEPOSITION ON COPPER MATERIALS - Embodiments of the invention provide processes for selectively forming a ruthenium-containing film on a copper surface over exposed dielectric surfaces. Thereafter, a copper bulk layer may be deposited on the ruthenium-containing film. In one embodiment, a method for forming layers on a substrate is provided which includes positioning a substrate within a processing chamber, wherein the substrate contains a copper-containing surface and a dielectric surface, exposing the substrate to a ruthenium precursor to selectively form a ruthenium-containing film over the copper-containing surface while leaving exposed the dielectric surface, and depositing a copper bulk layer over the ruthenium-containing film. | 04-02-2009 |
| 20090215264 | PROCESS FOR SELECTIVE GROWTH OF FILMS DURING ECP PLATING - Methods of controlling deposition of metal on field regions of a substrate in an electroplating process are provided. In one aspect, a dielectric layer is deposited under plasma on the field region of a patterned substrate, leaving a conductive surface exposed in the openings. Electroplating on the field region is reduced or eliminated, resulting in void-free features and minimal excess plating. In another aspect, a resistive layer, which may be a metal, is used in place of the dielectric. In a further aspect, the surface of the conductive field region is modified to change its chemical potential relative to the sidewalls and bottoms of the openings. | 08-27-2009 |
| 20100096273 | CU SURFACE PLASMA TREATMENT TO IMPROVE GAPFILL WINDOW - A method and apparatus for selectively controlling deposition rate of conductive material during an electroplating process. Dopants are predominantly incorporated into a conductive seed layer on field regions of a substrate prior to filling openings in the field regions by electroplating. A substrate is positioned in one or more processing chambers, and barrier and conductive seed layers formed. A dopant precursor is provided to the chamber and ionized, with or without voltage bias. The dopant predominantly incorporates into the conductive seed layer on the field regions. Electrical conductivity of the conductive seed layer on the field regions is reduced relative to that of the conductive seed layer in the openings, resulting in low initial deposition rate of metal on the field regions during electroplating, and little or no void formation in the metal deposited in the openings. | 04-22-2010 |
| 20100099251 | METHOD FOR NITRIDATION PRETREATMENT - In one embodiment, a method for fabricating a damascene structure is provided which includes exposing a dielectric surface on a substrate to a nitrogen plasma to form a nitrided dielectric layer, wherein the dielectric surface contains a plurality of openings therein, depositing a barrier layer on the nitrided dielectric surface, and depositing a seed layer over the barrier layer. In some examples, the nitrogen plasma is formed from nitrogen gas or a mixture of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas. The nitrogen plasma may be formed in a barrier deposition chamber or by a reactive preclean chamber. In another embodiment, a bulk layer may be deposited to fill the openings after depositing the seed layer. In one example, the bulk layer may contain copper, tungsten, or alloys thereof, and be deposited by an electrochemical plating process. | 04-22-2010 |
| 20100167526 | METHOD FOR IMPROVING ELECTROMIGRATION LIFETIME OF COPPER INTERCONNECTION BY EXTENDED POST ANNEAL - Methods for improving electromigration of copper interconnection structures are provided. In one embodiment, a method of annealing a microelectronic device includings forming microelectronic features on a substrate, forming a contact structure over the microelectronic features, and forming a copper interconnection structure over the contact structure. A passivation layer is deposited over the copper interconnection structure and the substrate is subjected to a first anneal at a temperature of about 350° C. to 400° C. for a time duration between about 30 minutes to about 1 hour. The substrate is subjected to a second anneal at a temperature of about 150° C. to 300° C. for a time duration between about 24 to about 400 hours. | 07-01-2010 |
| 20110209982 | METHODS FOR DEPOSITING A LAYER ON A SUBSTRATE USING SURFACE ENERGY MODULATION - Methods for depositing layers on substrates are provided herein. In some embodiments, a method of forming a layer on a substrate having at least one feature disposed therein includes forming a conformal layer on an upper surface of the substrate and within the at least one feature by sputtering a target material using a first plasma that reduces the surface energy of the target material such that the sputtered target material wets the upper surface of the substrate and the at least one feature to form the conformal layer; and filling at least a portion of the at least one feature by sputtering the target material using a second plasma different from the first plasma to increase the surface energy of the sputtered target material and the conformal layer such that at least portions of the conformal layer are pulled into the at least one feature by capillary action. | 09-01-2011 |
| 20110300720 | Plasma treatment of substrates prior to deposition - A plasma processing chamber particularly useful for pre-treating low-k dielectric films and refractory metal films subject to oxidation prior to deposition of other layers. A remote plasma source (RPS) excites a processing gas into a plasma and delivers it through a supply tube to a manifold in back of a showerhead faceplate. The chamber is configured for oxidizing and reducing plasmas in the same or different processes when oxygen and hydrogen are selectively supplied to the RPS. The supply tube and showerhead may be formed of dielectric oxides which may be passivated by a water vapor plasma from the remote plasma source. In one novel process, a protective hydroxide coating is formed on refractory metals by alternating neutral plasmas of hydrogen and oxygen. | 12-08-2011 |
| 20120070982 | METHODS FOR FORMING LAYERS ON A SUBSTRATE - Methods for forming layers on a substrate having one or more features formed therein are provided herein. In some embodiments, a method for forming layers on a substrate having one or more features formed therein may include depositing a seed layer within the one or more features; and etching the seed layer to remove at least a portion of the seed layer proximate an opening of the feature such that the seed layer comprises a first thickness disposed on a lower portion of a sidewall of the feature proximate a bottom of the feature and a second thickness disposed on an upper portion of the sidewall proximate the opening of the feature and wherein the first thickness is greater than the second thickness. | 03-22-2012 |
| 20120121799 | Method For Segregating The Alloying Elements And Reducing The Residue Resistivity Of Copper Alloy Layers - Methods for forming interconnect or interconnections on a substrate for use in a microelectric device are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the method includes depositing an alloy layer comprising Cu and an alloying element, for, example, Mn, in a dielectric layer and segregating or diffusing the alloying element from the bulk Cu portion of the alloy layer. In one or more embodiments, the method includes annealing the alloy layer in an atomic hydrogen atmosphere. After annealing, the alloy layer exhibits a resistivity that is substantially equivalent to the resistivity of a pure Cu layer. | 05-17-2012 |
| 20130341794 | ULTRA-THIN COPPER SEED LAYER FOR ELECTROPLATING INTO SMALL FEATURES - An apparatus and process are described that allow electroplating to fill sub-micron, high aspect ratio semiconductor substrate features using a non-copper/pre-electroplating layer on at least upper portions of side walls of the features, thereby providing reliable bottom up accumulation of the electroplating fill material in the feature. This apparatus and process eliminates feature filling material voids and enhances reliability of the electroplating in the diminishing size of features associated with future technology nodes of 22, 15, 11, and 8 nm. The presence of non-copper pre-electroplating material on the side walls allows the feature whose side walls, but not bottom surface, are lined with such pre-electroplating material (such as cobalt) to fill the feature using electroplated fill material accumulating from the bottom of the feature up to reliability and predictability and substantially void-free. | 12-26-2013 |
| 20140374907 | ULTRA-THIN COPPER SEED LAYER FOR ELECTROPLATING INTO SMALL FEATURES - An apparatus and process are described that allow electroplating to fill sub-micron, high aspect ratio semiconductor substrate features using a non-copper/pre-electroplating layer on at least upper portions of side walls of the features, thereby providing reliable bottom up accumulation of the electroplating fill material in the feature. This apparatus and process eliminates feature filling material voids and enhances reliability of the electroplating in the diminishing size of features associated with future technology nodes of 22, 15, 11, and 8 nm. Modification of an upper portion of a metal seed layer allows for filling of the feature using electroplated fill material accumulating from the bottom of the feature up to reliability and predictability and substantially void-free. | 12-25-2014 |
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| 20090325192 | Rapid particle detection assay - The present invention proves instruments and methods for detecting and/or quantitating an analyte in a fluid sample. The fluid sample is placed in a sample chamber having a small, shallow detection region. The analyte is magnetically labeled using magnetic particles coated with a binding reagent, and is detectably labeled using a fluorescent dye or other detection reagent. The magnetically labeled analyte is concentrated into the detection region using a focusing magnet positioned underneath the sample chamber detection region. Concentrated analyte is measured using excitation optics positioned on top of the sample chamber detection region, adapted to illuminate only the detection region, and detection optics positioned on top of the detection region, adapted to detect only light emitted from the detection region. In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a simple, rapid assay for measuring the concentration of CD4 | 12-31-2009 |
| 20130330739 | Devices and Methods for Separating Magnetically Labeled Moieties in a Sample - Devices for separating magnetically labeled moieties in a sample are provided. Aspects of the devices include a magnetic field source, a first magnetic field guide having a wedge-shaped portion with an apex edge, and a second magnetic field guide having a wedge-shaped portion with an apex edge. The apex edge of the first magnetic field guide is aligned substantially across from and parallel to the apex edge of the second magnetic field guide, and the device is configured to separate magnetically labeled moieties from non-magnetically labeled moieties in the sample. Also provided are methods of using the devices, as well as systems and kits configured for use with the devices and methods. | 12-12-2013 |
| 20140120570 | DEVICES AND METHODS FOR MANIPULATING COMPONENTS IN A FLUID SAMPLE - Devices for sorting components (e.g., cells) contained in a liquid sample are provided. In certain aspects, the devices include a magnetic separation device and an acoustic concentrator device fluidically coupled to magnetic separation device. Aspects of the invention further include methods for sorting cells in a liquid sample, and systems, and kits for practicing the subject methods. | 05-01-2014 |
| 20150160116 | DEVICES AND METHODS FOR MANIPULATING COMPONENTS IN A FLUID SAMPLE - Devices for sorting components (e.g., cells) contained in a liquid sample are provided. In certain aspects, the devices include a magnetic separation device and an acoustic concentrator device fluidically coupled to magnetic separation device. Aspects of the invention further include methods for sorting cells in a liquid sample, and systems, and kits for practicing the subject methods. | 06-11-2015 |
| 20150177111 | DEVICES AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING A BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE - Aspects of the present disclosure include methods for processing a biological sample. Methods according to certain embodiments include disrupting a biological sample to produce a disrupted biological sample and acoustically separating larger components from smaller components in the disrupted biological sample. In certain embodiments, methods may include monitoring aggregation while the biological sample is being processed. Methods, in certain instances, also include acoustically separating cells from cellular debris and non-cellular macromolecules as well as magnetically separating magnetically labelled moieties from unlabeled moieties. Systems, including a disrupter, one or more acoustic concentrator devices, feedback monitors and magnetic separation devices suitable for practicing the subject methods are also described. | 06-25-2015 |
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| 20100260159 | PHYSICAL LAYER FRAME FORMAT FOR WLAN - In a method for generating a data unit for transmission via a communication channel, wherein the data unit conforms to a first communication protocol, a preamble of the data unit is generated. The preamble includes a first field having information that indicates a duration of the data unit, the first field being formatted such that the first field is decodable by a receiver device that conforms to a second communication protocol but does not conform to the first communication protocol to determine the duration of the data unit based on the first field. Additionally, the preamble is formatted such that a portion of the preamble is decodable by a receiver device that conforms to a third communication protocol but does not conform to the first communication protocol. Also, the preamble is formatted such that a receiver device that conforms to the first communication protocol can determine that the data unit conforms to the first communication protocol. A data portion of the data unit that conforms to the first communication protocol and does not conform to either (i) the second communication protocol or (ii) the third communication protocol is generated. | 10-14-2010 |
| 20110096796 | NUMBER OF STREAMS INDICATION FOR WLAN - In a method for generating a preamble of a data unit for transmission via a communication channel, an indication of a first number of spatial or space-time streams is included in a first field of the preamble. The first number of spatial or space-time streams corresponds to transmission of the data unit to a first receiver. One or more training sequences are included in a second field of the preamble. The preamble is formatted such that the first field of the preamble will be transmitted prior to the second field of the preamble being transmitted. | 04-28-2011 |
| 20110096797 | TRAINING SEQUENCE INDICATION FOR WLAN - In a method for generating a preamble of a data unit for transmission via a multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) communication channel, a first field of the preamble is generated. The first field provides a plurality of indicators to a plurality of receivers. Each one of the plurality of indicators indicates a set of a plurality of training sequences that corresponds to transmission of the data unit to a corresponding one of the plurality of receivers. The plurality of training sequences is included in a second field of the preamble. The preamble is formatted such that the first field of the preamble will be transmitted prior to the second field of the preamble being transmitted. | 04-28-2011 |
| 20110116399 | ANALOG BIAS CONTROL FOR PACKET COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS - Apparatus having corresponding methods and non-transitory computer-readable media comprise an amplifier configured to amplify signals according to a bias current, wherein the signals represent packets of data; a packet module configured to recover the packets of data from the signals amplified by the amplifier; and a control module configured to control the bias current according to one or more characteristics of the packets of data. | 05-19-2011 |
| 20130173950 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING TIME INFORMATION BETWEEN TIME AWARE DEVICES - According to one embodiment, an apparatus includes a first processing unit operating according to a first clock, a second processing unit operating according to a second clock running separately from the first clock, and a synchronization controller coupled to the first communication unit and the second communication unit. The synchronization controller is configured to (i) cause the first communication unit to generate a first indication of time at which the first processing unit transmits a signal to the second processing unit, according to the first clock, (ii) cause the second processing unit to generate a second indication of time at which the second processing unit receives the signal, according to the second clock, and (iii) determine an offset between the first clock and the second clock based on the first indication of time and the second indication of time. | 07-04-2013 |
| 20130329720 | Apparatus and Method for Wireless Baseband Processing - Apparatuses and methods for receiving and transmitting signals are provided. A baseband processor includes receiver circuitry including single carrier receiver circuitry for demodulating a received single carrier signal and multi-carrier receiver circuitry for demodulating a received multi-carrier signal. The single carrier receiver circuitry includes a first digital interpolator, and the multi-carrier receiver circuitry includes a second digital interpolator. Symbol timing recovery is executed by adjusting an interpolation phase of the first digital interpolator or the second digital interpolator. The baseband processor also includes transmitter circuitry for encoding a signal to be transmitted. The baseband processor further includes a clock coupled to the receiver circuitry and coupled to the transmitter circuitry. The clock is configured to supply a clock signal that is processed to generate clock sampling frequencies for sending and receiving a single carrier signal and a multi-carrier signal. | 12-12-2013 |
| 20140213193 | FREQUENCY OFFSET COMPENSATION FOR WIFI RANGING - Methods, systems, and apparatus are disclosed for determining accurate ranging measurements between communication devices. Various embodiments are described for recording timestamps associated with when transmissions are sent and received between the communication devices. The communication devices are configured to determine a difference in their clock frequencies and to communicate this difference with one another. Furthermore, each of the communication devices is configured to compensate for these differences before or after the timestamps are exchanged and to send a compensation indicator of whether the compensation has been performed. If the compensation has not been performed, either of the communication devices can compensate for the clock frequency differences after receiving the timestamps based on the compensation indicator. By using compensated clock frequencies based on a single clock reference, highly accurate ranging measurements are obtained using round trip propagation time calculations. | 07-31-2014 |
| 20140241458 | Training Sequence Indication for WLAN - In a method for generating a preamble of a data unit for transmission via a multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) communication channel, a first field of the preamble is generated. The first field provides a plurality of indicators to a plurality of receivers. Each one of the plurality of indicators indicates a set of a plurality of training sequences that corresponds to transmission of the data unit to a corresponding one of the plurality of receivers. The plurality of training sequences is included in a second field of the preamble. The preamble is formatted such that the first field of the preamble will be transmitted prior to the second field of the preamble being transmitted. | 08-28-2014 |
| 20160119889 | FREQUENCY OFFSET COMPENSATION FOR WIFI RANGING - Methods, systems, and apparatus are disclosed for determining accurate ranging measurements between communication devices. Various embodiments are described for recording timestamps associated with when transmissions are sent and received between the communication devices. The communication devices are configured to determine a difference in their clock frequencies and to communicate this difference with one another. Furthermore, each of the communication devices is configured to compensate for these differences before or after the timestamps are exchanged and to send a compensation indicator of whether the compensation has been performed. If the compensation has not been performed, either of the communication devices can compensate for the clock frequency differences after receiving the timestamps based on the compensation indicator. By using compensated clock frequencies based on a single clock reference, highly accurate ranging measurements are obtained using round trip propagation time calculations. | 04-28-2016 |
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| 20100246388 | REDUNDANT HOST CONNECTION IN A ROUTED NETWORK - One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. The switch includes a management mechanism and a configuration mechanism. During operation, the management mechanism is configured to operate the switch in conjunction with the partner switch as a single logical switch. The configuration mechanism is configured to assign a virtual switch identifier to the logical switch. | 09-30-2010 |
| 20110299414 | PRESERVING QUALITY OF SERVICE ACROSS TRILL NETWORKS - Systems and techniques for processing and/or forwarding packets are described. An ingress switch can use a QoS mapping mechanism to map a first set of Quality of Service (QoS) bits in a packet received from a customer to a second set of QoS bits for use in a Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) packet which encapsulates the packet. The first set of QoS bits can be different from the second set of QoS bits. The TRILL packet can be processed and/or forwarded in the network based on the second set of QoS bits. At the egress switch, the TRILL packet can be decapsulated and the original packet with the original QoS bits (or QoS bits that are different from the original QoS bits) can be forwarded to the customer's network. In this manner, some embodiments of the present invention can preserve the QoS bits across a TRILL network. | 12-08-2011 |
| 20110299527 | SUPPORTING MULTIPLE MULTICAST TREES IN TRILL NETWORKS - Systems and techniques for supporting multiple multicast trees are described. Some embodiments provide a system that determines an internal multicast group identifier based on a source address, a multicast address, and a multicast tree identifier field associated with a multicast packet. The system can then forward the multicast packet based on the internal multicast group identifier. Specifically, the system can determine a first set of bits based on the source address and the multicast address of the multicast packet. The system can determine a second set of bits based on the multicast tree identifier field of the multicast packet. Next, the system can combine the first set of bits and the second set of bits to obtain the internal multicast group identifier. In some embodiments, the scope of an internal virtual network identifier does not extend beyond a switch or a forwarding module within a switch. | 12-08-2011 |
| 20110299528 | NETWORK LAYER MULTICASTING IN TRILL NETWORKS - Systems and techniques for performing network layer multicasting in a TRILL network are described. Some embodiments provide a system that receives multicast packet that includes a network-layer multicast-address. The multicast packet can be received on a first multicast tree associated with a first virtual network. Next, the system can determine, based on the network-layer multicast-address, a second multicast tree associated with a second virtual network over which the multicast packet is to be forwarded. The system can then forward the multicast packet on the first multicast tree associated with the first virtual network, and forward a copy of the multicast packet on the second multicast tree associated with the second virtual network. | 12-08-2011 |
| 20110299531 | FLOODING PACKETS ON A PER-VIRTUAL-NETWORK BASIS - Methods and techniques for flooding packets on a per-virtual-network basis are described. Some embodiments provide a method (e.g., a switch) which determines an internal virtual network identifier based on one or more fields in a packet's header. Next, the method performs a forwarding lookup operation based on the internal virtual network identifier. If the forwarding lookup operation succeeds, the method can process and forward the packet accordingly. However, if the forwarding lookup operation fails, the method can determine a set of egress ports based on the internal virtual network identifier. Next, for each egress port in the set of egress ports, the method can flood the packet if a virtual network identifier in the packet's header is associated with the egress port. Flooding packets on a per-virtual-network basis can substantially reduce the amount of resources required to flood the packet when a forwarding lookup operation fails. | 12-08-2011 |
| 20110299532 | REMOTE PORT MIRRORING - A switch that facilitates remote port mirroring is described. The switch can include an encapsulation mechanism and a forwarding mechanism. The encapsulation mechanism can be configured to encapsulate a copy of a first packet in a second packet, thereby preserving header information (e.g., a VLAN identifier and/or a TRILL header) of the first packet. The forwarding mechanism can be configured to forward the first packet using header information of the first packet, and forward the second packet using header information of the second packet. The second packet can be received at a destination switch which extracts the first packet from the second packet, and sends the first packet on a port which is coupled to a network analyzer. | 12-08-2011 |
| 20110299533 | INTERNAL VIRTUAL NETWORK IDENTIFIER AND INTERNAL POLICY IDENTIFIER - Systems and techniques for processing and forwarding packets are described. Some embodiments provide a system (e.g., a switch) which determines an internal virtual network identifier and/or an internal policy identifier for a packet based on a port on which the packet was received and/or one or more fields in the packet. The system can then process and forward the packet based on the internal virtual network identifier and/or internal policy identifier. In some embodiments, the system encapsulates the packet in a TRILL (Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links) packet by adding a TRILL header to the packet. In some embodiments, the scope of an internal virtual network identifier and/or an internal policy identifier may not extend beyond a switch or a module within a switch. | 12-08-2011 |
| 20120063316 | CONGESTION NOTIFICATION ACROSS MULTIPLE LAYER-2 DOMAINS - One embodiment of the present invention provides a congestion notification. During operation, the system receives a congestion notification message with a destination layer-2 address set as the receiving mechanism's layer-2 address. The system modifies a destination layer-2 address, a source layer-2 address, and optionally a VLAN identifier of the congestion notification message, and forwards the modified congestion notification message. | 03-15-2012 |
| 20120163164 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REMOTE LOAD BALANCING IN HIGH-AVAILABILITY NETWORKS - A system is provided for facilitating remote load balancing in a high-availability network. During operation, the system receives a plurality of data frames destined for a destination device, wherein the destination device is coupled to a network via a trunk link, the trunk link coupling the destination device to at least two separate egress switching devices. The system then forwards the data frames via at least two data paths, each of which leads to a respective egress switching device. | 06-28-2012 |
| 20120176893 | CONGESTION NOTIFICATION IN PRIVATE VLANS - One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. During operation, in a network with a private VLAN configuration, the switch allows a congestion notification message with an isolated virtual local area network identifier (VLAN ID) to be forwarded via an isolated VLAN port. | 07-12-2012 |
| 20120201138 | QUALITY OF SERVICE IN A HETEROGENEOUS NETWORK - A network device provides priority map storage configured to store one or more mapping data structures for mapping multiple priorities of a first priority scheme to multiple priorities of a second priority scheme. In addition, mapping logic of the network devices is coupled to the priority map storage and configured to translate a first priority of a first frame of the first priority scheme to a second priority of the second priority scheme and to assign the second priority to a second frame carrying payload of the first frame in preparation of transmission of the second frame in accordance with the second priority scheme. | 08-09-2012 |
| 20120281700 | LAYER-3 SUPPORT IN TRILL NETWORKS - One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. The switch includes an IP header processor and a forwarding mechanism. The IP header processor identifies a destination IP address in a packet encapsulated with an inner Ethernet header, a TRILL header, and an outer Ethernet header. The forwarding mechanism determines an output port and constructs a new header for the packet based on the destination IP address. The switch also includes a packet processor which determines whether (1) an inner destination media access control (MAC) address corresponds to a local MAC address assigned to the switch; (2) a destination RBridge identifier corresponds to a local RBridge identifier assigned to the switch; and (3) an outer destination MAC address corresponds to the local MAC address. | 11-08-2012 |
| 20130003733 | MULTICAST IN A TRILL NETWORK - One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. A switch includes a storage and a multicast management mechanism. The storage is configured to store an entry indicating a multicast group membership learned at a remote switch. The multicast management mechanism is coupled to the storage and is configured to suppress flooding of packets destined for the multicast group. | 01-03-2013 |
| 20130003738 | TRILL BASED ROUTER REDUNDANCY - One embodiment of the present invention provides a switching system. The switching system includes a Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) header processor and an Internet Protocol (IP) header processor. The TRILL header processor is configured to identify a virtual routing bridge (RBridge) identifier in a packet, and the IP header processor is configured to identify a virtual IP address in the packet. The virtual IP address is assigned to a virtual IP router associated with the virtual RBridge identifier. | 01-03-2013 |
| 20130003747 | EFFICIENT TRILL FORWARDING - One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. The switch includes a storage and a lookup mechanism. The storage stores a first table that contains an entry corresponding to a media access control (MAC) address of a device and an identifier of a remote switch associated with the device. The storage also stores a second table that contains an entry indicating a local outgoing interface corresponding to the remote switch. The lookup mechanism identifies the local outgoing interface corresponding to the device based on the first table and the second table. | 01-03-2013 |
| 20140153385 | REDUNDANT HOST CONNECTION IN A ROUTED NETWORK - One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. The switch includes a management mechanism and a configuration mechanism. During operation, the management mechanism is configured to operate the switch in conjunction with the partner switch as a single logical switch. The configuration mechanism is configured to assign a virtual switch identifier to the logical switch. | 06-05-2014 |
| 20140241364 | EFFICIENT TRILL FORWARDING - One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. The switch includes a storage and a lookup mechanism. The storage stores a first table that contains an entry corresponding to a media access control (MAC) address of a device and an identifier of a remote switch associated with the device. The storage also stores a second table that contains an entry indicating a local outgoing interface corresponding to the remote switch. The lookup mechanism identifies the local outgoing interface corresponding to the device based on the first table and the second table. | 08-28-2014 |
| 20140362854 | INGRESS SWITCH MULTICAST DISTRIBUTION IN A FABRIC SWITCH - One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. The switch includes an inter-switch multicast module and an edge multicast module. The inter-switch multicast module identifies for a first replication of a multicast packet an egress inter-switch port in a multicast tree rooted at the switch. The multicast tree is identified by an identifier of the switch. The edge multicast module identifies an egress edge port for a second replication of the multicast packet based on a multicast group identifier. The multicast group identifier is local within the switch. | 12-11-2014 |
| 20150071122 | TRANSPARENT INTECONNECTION OF ETHERNET FABRIC SWITCHES - One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. The switch includes a fabric switch module and a border module. The fabric switch module maintains a membership in a first fabric switch. The fabric switch includes a plurality of switches and operates as a single logical switch. The border module determines that the egress switch identifier in a first encapsulation header of a first packet is associated with a switch outside of the fabric switch. The first packet is forwardable in the first fabric switch based on the first encapsulation header. In response to the determination, the border module changes the ingress switch identifier in the first encapsulation header of the first packet to a first virtual switch identifier associated with a first virtual switch. This first virtual switch externally represents the first fabric switch. | 03-12-2015 |
| 20150229724 | VIRTUAL EXTENSIBLE LAN TUNNEL KEEPALIVES - One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch that is a member of a fabric switch. The switch includes a keepalive response module that identifies a keepalive response packet that does not correspond to any keepalive packet previously transmitted by the switch. The switch also includes a switch identifier extraction module that extracts a switch identifier from a payload of the keepalive response packet, where the switch identifier corresponds to another member switch in the fabric switch. The switch further includes a forwarding module that constructs a packet that includes the payload and is destined to the other member switch. | 08-13-2015 |
| 20150333967 | NETWORK EXTENSION GROUPS - One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch in a network of interconnected switches. The switch includes a network extension module, which maintains a mapping between a first virtual local area network (VLAN) identifier and a first global VLAN identifier of a network extension group. The network extension group is represented by a range of global VLAN identifiers for a tenant. A global VLAN identifier is persistent in a respective switch of the network and represents a virtual forwarding domain in the network. During operation, the network extension module includes the global VLAN identifier in a packet belonging to the first VLAN. | 11-19-2015 |
| 20160134563 | REMOTE PORT MIRRORING - A switch that facilitates remote port mirroring is described. The switch can include an encapsulation mechanism and a forwarding mechanism. The encapsulation mechanism can be configured to encapsulate a copy of a first packet in a second packet, thereby preserving header information (e.g., a VLAN identifier and/or a TRILL header) of the first packet. The forwarding mechanism can be configured to forward the first packet using header information of the first packet, and forward the second packet using header information of the second packet. The second packet can be received at a destination switch which extracts the first packet from the second packet, and sends the first packet on a port which is coupled to a network analyzer. | 05-12-2016 |
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| 20100239471 | CASSETTE FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION - A cassette for preparing a sample is disclosed herein. The cassette includes a housing, which encloses the structures and the processes used to prepare the sample. | 09-23-2010 |
| 20100262303 | INSTRUMENT FOR CASSETTE FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION - A parallel processing system for processing samples is described. In one embodiment, the parallel processing system includes an instrument interface parallel controller to control a tray motor driving system, a close-loop heater control and detection system, a magnetic particle transfer system, a reagent release system, a reagent pre-mix pumping system and a wash buffer pumping system. | 10-14-2010 |
| 20110158849 | INSTRUMENT FOR CASSETTE FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION - A parallel processing system for processing samples is described. In one embodiment, the parallel processing system includes an instrument interface parallel controller to control a tray motor driving system, a close-loop heater control and detection system, a magnetic particle transfer system, a reagent release system, a reagent pre-mix pumping system and a wash buffer pumping system. | 06-30-2011 |
| 20120003631 | INSTRUMENT FOR CASSETTE FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION - A parallel processing system for processing samples is described. In one embodiment, the parallel processing system includes an instrument interface parallel controller to control a tray motor driving system, a close-loop heater control and detection system, a magnetic particle transfer system, a reagent release system, a reagent pre-mix pumping system and a wash buffer pumping system. | 01-05-2012 |
| 20120122232 | CASSETTE FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION - A cassette for preparing a sample is disclosed herein. The cassette includes a housing, which encloses the structures and the processes used to prepare the sample. | 05-17-2012 |
| 20130115712 | INSTRUMENT FOR CASSETTE FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION - A parallel processing system for processing samples is described. In one embodiment, the parallel processing system includes an instrument interface parallel controller to control a tray motor driving system, a close-loop heater control and detection system, a magnetic particle transfer system, a reagent release system, a reagent pre-mix pumping system and a wash buffer pumping system. | 05-09-2013 |
| 20130337555 | Cassette For Sample Preparation - Apparatuses for preparing a sample are disclosed herein. The apparatuses include a chamber, a first valve at least partially disposed in the first chamber, a second valve at least partially disposed in the first chamber, and a pump comprising an actuator and nozzle. | 12-19-2013 |
| 20150050726 | INSTRUMENT FOR CASSETTE FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION - A parallel processing system for processing samples is described. In one embodiment, the parallel processing system includes an instrument interface parallel controller to control a tray motor driving system, a close-loop heater control and detection system, a magnetic particle transfer system, a reagent release system, a reagent pre-mix pumping system and a wash buffer pumping system. | 02-19-2015 |
| 20150191776 | CASSETTE FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION - Apparatuses for preparing a sample are disclosed herein. The apparatuses include a chamber, a first valve at least partially disposed in the first chamber, a second valve at least partially disposed in the first chamber, and a pump comprising an actuator and nozzle. | 07-09-2015 |
| 20160138010 | INSTRUMENT FOR CASSETTE FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION - A parallel processing system for processing samples is described. In one embodiment, the parallel processing system includes an instrument interface parallel controller to control a tray motor driving system, a close-loop heater control and detection system, a magnetic particle transfer system, a reagent release system, a reagent pre-mix pumping system and a wash buffer pumping system. | 05-19-2016 |
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| 20100260201 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR AN EXTENDED RANGE ETHERNET LINE CODE - Aspects of a method and system for an extended range Ethernet line code are provided. One or more ternary encoded bitstreams may be generated and transmitted. The generating may comprise mapping 3-bit binary IDLE patterns having a least significant bit of zero to a non-zero ternary value, and mapping 3-bit binary IDLE patterns having a non-zero least significant bit to a ternary zero. The generating may comprise receiving binary data via a media independent interface, mapping each 4-bit portion of said received binary data to a ternary symbol comprising two ternary bits, and transmitting said ternary symbol over said one or more physical channels. Data portions of the one or more ternary encoded bitstreams may be generated by mapping 3-bit binary patterns to 2-bit ternary symbols. One of the nine possible 2-bit ternary symbols may be reserved for control portions of said one or more ternary encoded bitstreams. | 10-14-2010 |
| 20140184555 | DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COMMUNICATIONS BASED ON CAPACITIVE SENSING AND COUPLING VIA HUMAN BODY OR DIRECT DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COUPLING - Systems, devices and techniques disclosed in this document provide device-to-device communications via a human body of a user between (1) a capacitor sensor touch screen device that includes a capacitor sensor touch screen that includes capacitor sensors and provides a display function and (2) a capacitor sensor device that includes one or more capacitor sensors that detect or sense, based on capacitive sensing and without providing a display function, signals transmitted from the capacitor sensor touch screen of the capacitor sensor touch screen device. The human body of a user operates as a signal transmitting medium. In addition, the systems, devices and techniques disclosed in this document provide device-to-device communications via direct device-to-device coupling between two capacitor sensor touch screen devices each including capacitor sensor touch screen that includes capacitor sensors and provides a display function. | 07-03-2014 |
| 20150261359 | DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COMMUNICATIONS BASED ON CAPACITIVE SENSING AND COUPLING VIA HUMAN BODY OR DIRECT DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COUPLING - Systems, devices and techniques disclosed in this document provide device-to-device communications via a human body of a user between (1) a capacitor sensor touch screen device that includes a capacitor sensor touch screen that includes capacitor sensors and provides a display function and (2) a capacitor sensor device that includes one or more capacitor sensors that detect or sense, based on capacitive sensing and without providing a display function, signals transmitted from the capacitor sensor touch screen of the capacitor sensor touch screen device. The human body of a user operates as a signal transmitting medium. In addition, the systems, devices and techniques disclosed in this document provide device-to-device communications via direct device-to-device coupling between two capacitor sensor touch screen devices each including capacitor sensor touch screen that includes capacitor sensors and provides a display function. | 09-17-2015 |
| 20160113051 | DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COMMUNICATIONS BASED ON CAPACITIVE SENSING AND COUPLING VIA HUMAN BODY OR DIRECT DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COUPLING - Systems, devices and techniques disclosed in this document provide device-to-device communications via a human body of a user between (1) a capacitor sensor touch screen device that includes a capacitor sensor touch screen that includes capacitor sensors and provides a display function and (2) a capacitor sensor device that includes one or more capacitor sensors that detect or sense, based on capacitive sensing and without providing a display function, signals transmitted from the capacitor sensor touch screen of the capacitor sensor touch screen device. The human body of a user operates as a signal transmitting medium. In addition, the systems, devices and techniques disclosed in this document provide device-to-device communications via direct device-to-device coupling between two capacitor sensor touch screen devices each including capacitor sensor touch screen that includes capacitor sensors and provides a display function. | 04-21-2016 |
| Patent application number | Description | Published |
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| 20090205436 | WIRELESS SENSOR PLATFORM FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS - An amplifier system can include an input amplifier configured to receive an analog input signal and provide an amplified signal corresponding to the analog input signal. A tracking loop is configured to employ delta modulation for tracking the amplified signal, the tracking loop providing a corresponding output signal. A biasing circuit is configured to adjust a bias current to maintain stable transconductance over temperature variations, the biasing circuit providing at least one bias signal for biasing at least one of the input amplifier and the tracking loop, whereby the circuitry receiving the at least one bias signal exhibits stable performance over the temperature variations. In another embodiment the biasing circuit can be utilized in other applications. | 08-20-2009 |
| 20110118025 | GAME CONTROLLER WITH TOUCH PAD USER INTERFACE - A game controller with a communications interface, at least one touch sensitive pad having a plurality of touch sensitive elements, and processing circuitry coupled to the communications interface and the at least one touch sensitive pad. The processing circuitry receives touch pad input via the plurality of touch sensitive elements of the at least one touch sensitive pad. The processing circuitry then transmits the touch pad input to a game console via the communications interface. The touch sensitive pad can have a plurality of separate and distinct touch sensitive pads, allowing the processing circuitry to receive touch pad input via each of the plurality of separate and distinct touch sensitive pads. Touch pad input could include user finger and/or user thumb touch pad input. | 05-19-2011 |
| 20110118026 | HAND-HELD GAMING DEVICE THAT IDENTIFIES USER BASED UPON INPUT FROM TOUCH SENSITIVE PANEL - Operating a game controller to identify a user by receiving touch pad input from at least one touch sensitive pad of the game controller that has a plurality of touch sensitive elements. The touch pad input corresponds to the user's touch of at least some of the plurality of touch sensitive elements. The touch pad input is at least partially processed by processing circuitry of the game controller and transmitted to a game console via a communications interface of the game controller for processing of the at least partially processed touch pad input to identify the user via pattern recognition. At least partially processing the touch pad input can be by identifying at least one finger orientation, at least one finger spacing, at least one finger width, a plurality of finger knuckle/joint locations, and/or a plurality of finger lengths based upon the touch pad input. | 05-19-2011 |
| 20130109441 | Method of Calibrating the Delay of an Envelope Tracking Signal | 05-02-2013 |
| 20140176359 | REFERENCE CHARGE CANCELLATION FOR ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS - An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) includes reference charge cancellation features to at least partially offset a voltage distortion on a bypass capacitor of a reference buffer due to a voltage reference hit taken by a switched capacitor bank with which the bypass capacitor is connected. The charge cancellation may be configured in logic to be input signal dependent because different resolved bits or transitions between resolved bits may cause different amounts of voltage reference hits. By adjusting the bypass capacitor in response to each of at least some of the reference hits while resolving a word of bits, the reference voltage signal provided by the bypass capacitor undergoes far less settling, remaining more stable and linear for a more accurate reference voltage. Furthermore, a smaller capacitor may be used for the bypass capacitor, reducing power consumption and area on chip. | 06-26-2014 |
| 20150194979 | ANALOG AND AUDIO MIXED-SIGNAL FRONT END FOR 4G/LTE CELLULAR SYSTEM-ON-CHIP - A CMOS analog and audio front-end circuit includes an enhanced analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that achieves a desired signal-to-noise-and-distortion (SNDR) and an analog-front-end transmit (TX) digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The enhanced ADC includes an improved single Op-Amp resonator coupled to a feed-forward loop and can substantially reduce signal transfer function (STF) peaking of the enhanced ADC. The CMOS analog and audio front-end circuit is integrated with a baseband processor. | 07-09-2015 |
