Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090280925 | Putter head - Embodiments of a putter-type golf club head with an increased moment of inertia about the X axis (MOI | 11-12-2009 |
20100151960 | Golf club head having a composite face insert - A golf club head having a composite face insert attached to a metallic body is provided. The club head preferably has a volume of at least 200 cc and provides superior durability and club performance. The face insert includes prepreg plies having a fiber areal weight (FAW) of less than 100 g/m | 06-17-2010 |
20100184527 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - A golf club head is provided having a club body having a front portion, a rear portion, a toe portion, and a heel portion. The club head also having a central portion connected with the front portion. A frame is connected with the central portion configured to provide a lightweight crown portion being located above an offset plane. | 07-22-2010 |
20100273570 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - An iron-type golf club head is disclosed having a first piece including a portion of an iron-type face. A second piece including a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, a hinge region, and a front opening for receiving the first piece is also disclosed. A first contact surface of the first piece is connected with a second contact surface of the second piece at a contact interface. A continuous weld extends along the contact interface attaching the first and second pieces together at the contact interface. The continuous weld includes a fusion zone occurring substantially on the iron-type face outside the hinge region of the club head. | 10-28-2010 |
20110028240 | Golf club head - An iron-type golf club head is disclosed having a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, a front portion, a rear portion, and a striking face. A back wall is also disclosed in the rear portion enclosing a portion of the rear portion to create an enclosed cavity. The cavity is defined by at least a rear surface of the striking face, an inner back wall surface, and the sole portion. A plug and a filler material is located within the enclosed cavity. The filler material surrounds the plug and is configured to hold the plug in place. The plug is lighter than the filler material. | 02-03-2011 |
20110034270 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - An iron-type golf club head is disclosed including a main body including a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, a front portion, a rear portion, and a striking face. The main body has a recessed region including a relief region in the front portion. A replaceable striking plate is inserted into the recessed region and the relief region. The replaceable striking plate includes a front surface and a rear surface. A threaded opening is located on the rear surface of the replaceable striking plate and receives a fastener to retain the replaceable striking plate on the front portion of the main body and within the recessed region and relief region. | 02-10-2011 |
20110159981 | GOLF CLUB SET - Golf club irons having improved forgiveness, playability and performance characteristics are disclosed. The embodiments set forth parameters of various irons that affect performance either alone or in combination with other parameters when the irons are utilized to strike a golf ball. The parameters, which in some cases may be systematically progressed or varied, include golf club shaft length, striking face area, loft, coefficient of restitution, face thickness, topline thickness, swing weight, sole width at the heel and toe, and other performance characteristics. | 06-30-2011 |
20120064993 | PUTTER HEAD - Embodiments of a putter-type golf club head with an increased moment of inertia about the X axis (MOI | 03-15-2012 |
20120094782 | CONTRAST-ENHANCED GOLF CLUB HEADS - Golf club heads include white diffusing top surfaces to aid in club head alignment. Wood type club heads also include a dark diffusing club face so that a crown/face border is emphasized. Scorelines in wood type clubs can be provided with an intermediate contrast surface, and can be displaced from club face center to accommodate player perception when confronted with a white diffusing crown. Putter heads can include dark diffusing alignment lines, and iron-type club heads can include white diffusing surfaces at a sole portion of a club face, at a top line, or a top portion of a club face. | 04-19-2012 |
20120100931 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - An iron-type golf club head is disclosed having a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, a front portion, a rear portion, and a striking face. A back wall is also disclosed in the rear portion enclosing a portion of the rear portion to create an enclosed cavity. The cavity is defined by at least a rear surface of the striking face, an inner back wall surface, and the sole portion. A plug and a filler material is located within the enclosed cavity. The filler material surrounds the plug and is configured to hold the plug in place. The plug is lighter than the filler material. | 04-26-2012 |
20120202618 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - An iron-type golf club head is disclosed including a main body including a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, a front portion, a rear portion, and a striking face. The main body has a recessed region including a relief region in the front portion. A replaceable striking plate is inserted into the recessed region and the relief region. The replaceable striking plate includes a front surface, a first rear surface region and a second rear surface region. A threaded opening is located on the rear surface of the replaceable striking plate and receives a fastener to retain the replaceable striking plate on the front portion of the main body and within the recessed region and relief region. | 08-09-2012 |
20120277028 | PUTTER HEAD - Embodiments of a putter-type golf club head with an increased moment of inertia about the X axis (MOI | 11-01-2012 |
20130029775 | SWING-WEIGHT-ADJUSTABLE GOLF CLUBS AND CLUBHEADS - Clubs and clubheads are disclosed that allow the swing-weight thereof to be easily changed by attaching or exchanging a “weight-assembly” having a first portion configured as a “weight insert,” a second portion configured as an overcap, and a third portion configured as a drive screw. The drive screw extends through the overcap and into the weight-insert to assemble the weight-assembly, which fits into a weight-receiving cavity on the clubhead. These three components are made of respective materials (having respective densities) that are selected so that each component contributes a desired fraction of the total mass of the weight-assembly to the clubhead to achieve a desired change in swing-weight. By mix-match selection of the components, a wide range of masses of the weight assemblies can be made, with small increments therebetween. | 01-31-2013 |
20130095942 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - A golf club head is provided having a club body having a front portion, a rear portion, a toe portion, and a heel portion. The club head also having a central portion connected with the front portion. A frame is connected with the central portion configured to provide a lightweight crown portion being located above an offset plane. | 04-18-2013 |
20130102413 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - An iron-type golf club head is disclosed having a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, a front portion, a rear portion, and a striking face. A back wall is also disclosed in the rear portion enclosing a portion of the rear portion to create an enclosed cavity. The cavity is defined by at least a rear surface of the striking face, an inner back wall surface, and the sole portion. A plug and a filler material is located within the enclosed cavity. The filler material surrounds the plug and is configured to hold the plug in place. The plug is lighter than the filler material. | 04-25-2013 |
20130123042 | PUTTER HEAD - Embodiments of a putter-type golf club head with an increased moment of inertia about the X axis (MOI | 05-16-2013 |
20130125366 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - An iron-type golf club head is disclosed having a first piece including a portion of an iron-type face. A second piece including a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, a hinge region, and a front opening for receiving the first piece is also disclosed. A first contact surface of the first piece is connected with a second contact surface of the second piece at a contact interface. A continuous weld extends along the contact interface attaching the first and second pieces together at the contact interface. The continuous weld includes a fusion zone occurring substantially on the iron-type face outside the hinge region of the club head. | 05-23-2013 |
20130231202 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - An iron-type golf club head is disclosed including a main body including a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, a front portion, a rear portion, and a striking face. The main body has a recessed region including a relief region in the front portion. A replaceable striking plate is inserted into the recessed region and the relief region. The replaceable striking plate includes a front surface, a first rear surface region and a second rear surface region. A threaded opening is located on the rear surface of the replaceable striking plate and receives a fastener to retain the replaceable striking plate on the front portion of the main body and within the recessed region and relief region. | 09-05-2013 |
20130252754 | GOLF CLUB SET - Golf club irons having improved forgiveness, playability and performance characteristics are disclosed. The embodiments set forth parameters of various irons that affect performance either alone or in combination with other parameters when the irons are utilized to strike a golf ball. The parameters, which in some cases may be systematically progressed or varied, include golf club shaft length, striking face area, loft, coefficient of restitution, face thickness, topline thickness, swing weight, sole width at the heel and toe, and other performance characteristics. | 09-26-2013 |
20130303296 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - A golf club head is provided having a club body having a front portion, a rear portion, a toe portion, and a heel portion. The club head also having a central portion connected with the front portion. A frame is connected with the central portion configured to provide a lightweight crown portion being located above an offset plane. | 11-14-2013 |
20130310192 | GOLF CLUB HEAD WITH FACE INSERT - A golf club head is provided having a club body and a contact plate secured to the club body. The contact plate defines at least a portion of a striking surface having a plurality of striking surface grooves. The contact plate is formed using an electroforming process. | 11-21-2013 |
20130316842 | SWING-WEIGHT-ADJUSTABLE GOLF CLUBS AND CLUBHEADS - Clubs and clubheads are disclosed that allow the swing-weight thereof to be easily changed by attaching or exchanging a “weight-assembly” having a first portion configured as a “weight insert,” a second portion configured as an overcap, and a third portion configured as a drive screw. The drive screw extends through the overcap and into the weight-insert to assemble the weight-assembly, which fits into a weight-receiving cavity on the clubhead. These three components are made of respective materials (having respective densities) that are selected so that each component contributes a desired fraction of the total mass of the weight-assembly to the clubhead to achieve a desired change in swing-weight. By mix-match selection of the components, a wide range of masses of the weight assemblies can be made, with small increments therebetween. | 11-28-2013 |
20130318772 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - An iron-type golf club head is disclosed having a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, a front portion, a rear portion, and a striking face. A back wall is also disclosed in the rear portion enclosing a portion of the rear portion to create an enclosed cavity. The cavity is defined by at least a rear surface of the striking face, an inner back wall surface, and the sole portion. A plug and a filler material is located within the enclosed cavity. The filler material surrounds the plug and is configured to hold the plug in place. The plug is lighter than the filler material. | 12-05-2013 |
20130324302 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - An iron-type golf club head is disclosed having a first piece including a portion of an iron-type face. A second piece including a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, a hinge region, and a front opening for receiving the first piece is also disclosed. A first contact surface of the first piece is connected with a second contact surface of the second piece at a contact interface. A continuous weld extends along the contact interface attaching the first and second pieces together at the contact interface. The continuous weld includes a fusion zone occurring substantially on the iron-type face outside the hinge region of the club head. | 12-05-2013 |
20130331201 | IRON TYPE GOLF CLUB HEAD - Iron-type golf club heads are disclosed having a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, a front portion, a rear portion, and a striking face. The iron-type golf club heads include a flexible boundary structure (“FBS”) that is provided at one or more locations on the club head. The flexible boundary structure may comprise, in several embodiments, a slot, a channel, a gap, a thinned or weakened region, or other structure that enhances the capability of an adjacent or related portion of the golf club head to flex or deflect and to thereby provide a desired improvement in the performance of the golf club head. | 12-12-2013 |
20140066226 | PUTTER HEAD - Embodiments of a putter-type golf club head with an increased moment of inertia about the X axis (MOI | 03-06-2014 |
20140171215 | GOLF CLUB SHAFT - A golf club and golf club shaft includes a tubular member having at least one neck portion with a reduced outer diameter and at least one relatively rigid two-piece sleeve secured to the tubular member in overlying relationship to each neck portion. The two-piece sleeve defines a small central gap filled by a compressible ring to allow the two otherwise longitudinally aligned sleeve pieces to pivot relative to one another under dynamic loading of the tubular member during a golf swing, and then upon reaching a limit point restrict additional deflection or bending of the tubular member. | 06-19-2014 |
20140256461 | ADJUSTABLE GOLF CLUB - Disclosed herein are embodiments of adjustable golf clubs comprising features which allow for the adjustment of a lie angle, a loft angle, or both a lie angle and a loft angle of the golf club. In some embodiments, a golf club head includes a body and a hosel, the hosel including an adjustment screw which can be tightened or loosened to adjust the lie and/or loft angles of a golf club head. In some embodiments, certain angles of a golf club head's geometry can be continuously adjustable through a predetermined range of angles. | 09-11-2014 |
20140295990 | CONTRAST-ENHANCED GOLF CLUB HEADS - Golf club heads include white diffusing top surfaces to aid in club head alignment. Wood type club heads also include a dark diffusing club face so that a crown/face border is emphasized. Scorelines in wood type clubs can be provided with an intermediate contrast surface, and can be displaced from club face center to accommodate player perception when confronted with a white diffusing crown. Putter heads can include dark diffusing alignment lines, and iron-type club heads can include white diffusing surfaces at a sole portion of a club face, at a top line, or a top portion of a club face. | 10-02-2014 |
20140364248 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - An iron-type golf club head is disclosed having a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, a front portion, a rear portion, and a striking face. A back wall is also disclosed in the rear portion enclosing a portion of the rear portion to create an enclosed cavity. The cavity is defined by at least a rear surface of the striking face, an inner back wall surface, and the sole portion. A plug and a filler material is located within the enclosed cavity. The filler material surrounds the plug and is configured to hold the plug in place. The plug is lighter than the filler material. | 12-11-2014 |
20150065267 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - A cavity back iron type club head includes a striking plate having a substantially planar striking surface and a rear surface defining a thickness therebetween. The rear surface defines a striking plate rear cavity region. A perimeter support is coupled to a peripheral portion of the striking plate. The surface area of the striking surface is related to the club head loft angle by the equation SSA≧14.4(L)+2875, where SSA is the surface area of the striking surface in units of square-millimeters and L is the club head loft angle in units of degrees. | 03-05-2015 |
20150087440 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - An iron-type golf club head is disclosed having a first piece including a portion of an iron-type face. A second piece including a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, a hinge region, and a front opening for receiving the first piece is also disclosed. A first contact surface of the first piece is connected with a second contact surface of the second piece at a contact interface. A continuous weld extends along the contact interface attaching the first and second pieces together at the contact interface. The continuous weld includes a fusion zone occurring substantially on the iron-type face outside the hinge region of the club head. | 03-26-2015 |
20150133232 | GOLF CLUB - A golf club head includes a club body including a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, and a face portion. In some embodiments, the face portion has an ideal striking location and at least one channel defined in the face. In some embodiments, the golf club head has a striking face and at least one channel defined in the striking face. In some embodiments, the golf club head has an ideal striking location and at least one non-ideal striking location. | 05-14-2015 |
20150174460 | CONTRAST-ENHANCED GOLF CLUB HEADS - Golf club heads include white diffusing top surfaces to aid in club head alignment. Wood type club heads also include a dark diffusing club face so that a crown/face border is emphasized. Scorelines in wood type clubs can be provided with an intermediate contrast surface, and can be displaced from club face center to accommodate player perception when confronted with a white diffusing crown. Putter heads can include dark diffusing alignment lines, and iron-type club heads can include white diffusing surfaces at a sole portion of a club face, at a top line, or a top portion of a club face. | 06-25-2015 |
20150240373 | GOLF CLUB HEAD WITH FACE INSERT - A golf club head is provided having a club body and a contact plate secured to the club body. The contact plate defines at least a portion of a striking surface having a plurality of striking surface grooves. The contact plate is formed using an electroforming process. | 08-27-2015 |
20150251061 | PUTTER HEAD - Embodiments of a putter-type golf club head with an increased moment of inertia about the X axis (MOI | 09-10-2015 |
20150258393 | IRON TYPE GOLF CLUB HEAD - Iron-type golf club heads are disclosed having a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, a front portion, a rear portion, and a striking face. The iron-type golf club heads include a flexible boundary structure (“FBS”) that is provided at one or more locations on the club head. The flexible boundary structure may comprise, in several embodiments, a slot, a channel, a gap, a thinned or weakened region, or other structure that enhances the capability of an adjacent or related portion of the golf club head to flex or deflect and to thereby provide a desired improvement in the performance of the golf club head. | 09-17-2015 |
20150306479 | GOLF CLUB SHAFT - A golf club and golf club shaft includes a tubular member having at least one neck portion with a reduced outer diameter and at least one relatively rigid two-piece sleeve secured to the tubular member in overlying relationship to each neck portion. The two-piece sleeve defines a small central gap filled by a compressible ring to allow the two otherwise longitudinally aligned sleeve pieces to pivot relative to one another under dynamic loading of the tubular member during a golf swing, and then upon reaching a limit point restrict additional deflection or bending of the tubular member. | 10-29-2015 |
20150314175 | GOLF CLUB HEAD - A golf club head is provided having a club body having a front portion, a rear portion, a toe portion, and a heel portion. The club head also having a central portion connected with the front portion. A frame is connected with the central portion configured to provide a lightweight crown portion being located above an offset plane. | 11-05-2015 |
20150375065 | ADJUSTABLE GOLF CLUB - Disclosed herein are embodiments of adjustable golf clubs comprising features which allow for the adjustment of a lie angle, a loft angle, or both a lie angle and a loft angle of the golf club. In some embodiments, a golf club head includes a body and a hosel, the hosel including an adjustment screw which can be tightened or loosened to adjust the lie and/or loft angles of a golf club head. In some embodiments, certain angles of a golf club head's geometry can be continuously adjustable through a predetermined range of angles. | 12-31-2015 |
20160038796 | GOLF CLUB - A golf club head includes a club body including a heel portion, a sole portion, a toe portion, a top-line portion, and a face portion and having an ideal strike, wherein said sole portion extends rearwardly from a lower end of said face portion. | 02-11-2016 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090293820 | Two-cycle, opposed-piston internal combustion engine - In a two-cycle, opposed-piston internal combustion engine, opposed pistons disposed in a cylinder are coupled to a pair of side-mounted crankshafts by connecting rods that are subject to substantially tensile forces acting between the pistons and the crankshafts. This geometry reduces or eliminates side forces between the pistons and the bore of the cylinder. The cylinder and the pistons are independently cooled to reduce cylindrical deformation caused by thermal expansion during engine operation. | 12-03-2009 |
20100012055 | Cylinder and piston assemblies for opposed piston engines - In an opposed piston engine, a pair of pistons are disposed in opposition in the bore of a cylinder. The cylinder includes first liquid coolant grooves having a first cooling capacity to cool a portion of the cylinder extending from a central portion toward an exhaust port, and second liquid coolant grooves having a second cooling capacity, less than the first cooling capacity, to cool a portion of the cylinder extending from the central portion toward an inlet port. Each piston includes a cylindrical skirt with a crown and an open end opposite the crown, a piston rod with a bore, a first end attached to a back surface of the crown, and a second end extending through the open end of the skirt, a radial array of liquid coolant flow passages in communication with the bore and disposed between the first end and the back surface of the crown, and a single wristpin retained on the second end section of the piston rod and positioned externally to the piston. | 01-21-2010 |
20100212613 | Multi-Cylinder opposed piston engines - Integrated, multi-cylinder opposed engine constructions include a unitary support structure to which cylinder liners are removeably mounted and sealed and on which crankshafts are rotatably supported. The unitary support structure includes cooling manifolds that provide liquid coolant to the cylinder liners. Exhaust and intake manifolds attached to the support structure to serve respective ports in the cylinder liner. The engine constructions may also include certain improvements in the construction of cooled pistons with flexible skirts, and in the construction of cylinders with sealing structures mounted outside of exhaust and inlet ports to control lubricant in the cylindrical interstice between the through bore and the pistons. | 08-26-2010 |
20100212637 | Cylinder and piston assemblies for opposed piston engines - Integrated, multi-cylinder opposed engine constructions include a unitary support structure to which cylinder liners are removeably mounted and sealed and on which crankshafts are rotatably supported. The engine constructions include a cooled piston with a resiliently deformable joint connecting crown and skirt and a cooled cylinder liner with wipers to manage lubricant in the cylindrical interstice between the cylinder bore and the piston skirts. | 08-26-2010 |
20110094223 | Auxiliary systems for opposed piston engines - An opposed piston engine includes at least one cylinder with inlet and exhaust ports and opposed pistons disposed in the cylinder for reciprocating opposed motion toward and away from each other. An auxiliary system pumps liquid coolant separately to the cylinder and pistons. Another auxiliary system controls the flow of intake and exhaust gas in the engine. | 04-28-2011 |
20110271932 | Combustion chamber constructions for opposed-piston engines - A combustion chamber for an opposed-piston engine includes a squish zone defined between circumferential peripheral areas of opposing end surfaces of the pistons, a cavity defined by one or more bowls in the end surfaces, and at least one injection port that extends radially through the squish zone into the cavity. The cavity has a cross-sectional shape that imposes a tumbling motion on air flowing from the squish zone into the cavity. | 11-10-2011 |
20110289916 | EGR constructions for opposed-piston engines - A two-stroke, opposed-piston engine with one or more ported cylinders and uniflow scavenging includes an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) construction that provides a portion of the exhaust gasses produced by the engine for mixture with charge air to control the production of NOx during combustion. | 12-01-2011 |
20120073541 | Fuel injection spray patterns for opposed-piston engines - A combustion chamber for an opposed-piston engine includes a squish zone defined between circumferential peripheral areas of opposing end surfaces of the pistons, a cavity defined by one or more bowls in the end surfaces, and at least one injection port that extends radially through the squish zone into the cavity. The cavity has a cross-sectional shape that imposes a tumbling motion on air flowing from the squish zone into the cavity. Opposing spray patterns of fuel are injected into the combustion chamber. In some aspects, the opposing spray patterns are injected along a major axis of the combustion chamber. | 03-29-2012 |
20120152185 | Two-cycle, opposed-piston internal combustion engine - In a two-cycle, opposed-piston internal combustion engine, opposed pistons disposed in a cylinder are coupled to a pair of side-mounted crankshafts by connecting rods that are subject to substantially tensile forces acting between the pistons and the crankshafts. This geometry reduces or eliminates side forces between the pistons and the bore of the cylinder. The cylinder and the pistons are independently cooled to reduce cylindrical deformation caused by thermal expansion during engine operation. | 06-21-2012 |
20130112175 | Constructions for Piston Thermal Management - A piston construction with an end surface is equipped with a pattern of insulating cavities embedded in an upper end of the piston, between the end surface and interior portions of the piston that are cooled by circulating liquid coolant. | 05-09-2013 |
20140026563 | EGR Constructions for Opposed-Piston Engines - A two-stroke, opposed-piston engine with one or more ported cylinders and uniflow scavenging includes an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) construction that provides a portion of the exhaust gasses produced by the engine for mixture with charge air to control the production of NOx during combustion. | 01-30-2014 |
20140026864 | Cylinder and Piston Assemblies for Opposed Piston Engines - Integrated, multi-cylinder opposed engine constructions include a unitary support structure to which cylinder liners are removeably mounted and sealed and on which crankshafts are rotatably supported. The engine constructions include a cooled piston with a resiliently deformable joint connecting crown and skirt and a cooled cylinder liner with wipers to manage lubricant in the cylindrical interstice between the cylinder bore and the piston skirts. | 01-30-2014 |
20140238360 | Rocking Journal Bearings for Two-Stroke Cycle Engines - A rocking journal bearing for a two-stroke cycle engine includes a bearing sleeve having a bearing surface with a plurality of axially-spaced, eccentrically-disposed surface segments and a rocking journal having a plurality of axially-spaced, eccentrically-disposed journal segments. The rocking journal is retained for rocking oscillation on the bearing surface. Space for receiving oil is provided in the rocking journal and oil delivery outlets acting through the journal segments deliver received oil to the bearing surfaces. | 08-28-2014 |
20150013649 | Combustion Chamber Constructions For Opposed-Piston Engines - A combustion chamber for an opposed-piston engine includes a squish zone defined between circumferential peripheral areas of opposing end surfaces of the pistons, a cavity defined by one or more bowls in the end surfaces, and at least one injection port that extends radially through the squish zone into the cavity. The cavity has a cross-sectional shape that imposes a tumbling motion on air flowing from the squish zone into the cavity. | 01-15-2015 |
20150315959 | SPOOL SHUTTLE CROSSOVER VALVE IN SPILT-CYCLE ENGINE - A split-cycle engine includes: a first cylinder housing a first piston, wherein the first piston performs an intake stroke and a compression stroke, but does not perform an exhaust stroke; a second cylinder housing a second piston, wherein the second piston performs an expansion stroke and an exhaust stroke, but does not perform an intake stroke; and a valve chamber housing a valve, the valve comprising an internal chamber that selectively fluidly couples to the first and second cylinders, wherein the valve and internal chamber move within the valve chamber and relative to the first and second cylinders. | 11-05-2015 |