Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120109451 | VEHICLE USER INTERFACE SYSTEM AND METHOD HAVING LOCATION SPECIFIC FEATURE AVAILABILITY - A vehicle user interface system comprises a vehicle location determining component, a jurisdiction determining component, a user input component, and a controller. The vehicle location determining component is configured to determine a current location of the vehicle. The jurisdiction determining component is configured to determine a current jurisdiction based on the current location of the vehicle, and to select a policy setting based on the current jurisdiction. The user input component is configured to receive information used by the vehicle user interface system to perform system operations. The controller is configured to control availability of the system operations for performance by the vehicle user interface system based on the selected policy setting. | 05-03-2012 |
20120110465 | METHOD FOR PRESENTING INFORMATION TO A HOST VEHICLE HAVING A USER INTERFACE - A method for presenting information to a host vehicle having a user interface. The method comprises remotely creating an information set including user accessible information pertaining to troubleshooting onboard components of the host vehicle, wirelessly communicating a portion of the information set to the host vehicle, and operating the user interface to selectively make available the user accessible information in the portion of the information set for access at the host vehicle. | 05-03-2012 |
20120110466 | METHOD FOR PRESENTING INFORMATION TO A HOST VEHICLE HAVING A USER INTERFACE - A method for presenting information to a host vehicle having a user interface. The method includes remotely creating an information set including user accessible information pertaining to troubleshooting onboard components of the host vehicle, detecting a host vehicle condition, selecting a portion of the user accessible information based on the host vehicle condition, and wirelessly communicating the portion of the user accessible information to the host vehicle for access by a user at the host vehicle via the user interface. | 05-03-2012 |
20150239320 | VEHICLE HVAC NOISE CONTROL SYSTEM - A vehicle HVAC noise control system includes an air handler, a blower motor, an audio event device and a controller. The air handler is connected to a passenger compartment. The blower motor is operably connected to the air handler to provide a plurality of airflow rates for air flowing into a passenger compartment. The audio event device produces an audio event to the passenger compartment. The controller is operatively connected to the blower motor and the audio event device. The controller controls operation of the blower motor initially at an operating airflow rate and subsequently switches to a noise reducing airflow rate in response to a signal from the audio event device indicating that the audio event device will subsequently produce the audio event. | 08-27-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110224870 | POSITION DETECTION FOR ACTIVATION OF DEVICE AND METHODS THEREOF - Disclosed herein are embodiments of position detection devices for vehicles and methods of position detection. One embodiment of a detection device comprises a wireless device inside a vehicle, a mobile communication device paired to the wireless device, such that the wireless device automatically activates when it senses the mobile communication device within an operable range of the wireless device, a position sensing system configured to generate an output indicative of the mobile communication device's presence within the vehicle and a controller responsive to the output and configured to deactivate the wireless device when the output indicates that the mobile communication device's presence is not within the vehicle but is still within the operable range. | 09-15-2011 |
20110224897 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELECTIVE CANCELLATION OF NAVIGATION LOCKOUT - Disclosed herein is a navigation system for a vehicle. The navigation system includes a user interface configured to receive input from and output information to a user, and a controller configured to perform a plurality of functions based on the user input, the controller further configured to disable performance of at least one of the plurality of functions based on a vehicle condition and provide a warning to the user indicating that performance of the plurality of functions is to be performed by a passenger other than a driver, wherein the controller enables performance of the at least one of the plurality of functions upon receiving input signifying that the user is a passenger other than the driver. | 09-15-2011 |
20140244104 | VEHICLE INFORMATION GATHERING SYSTEM - A vehicle information gathering system comprises an onboard communication device, an onboard storage device and an onboard controller. The onboard communication device communicates with external data sources. The onboard storage device stores a data set comprising at least one data subset reference. The onboard controller automatically determines an availability of each of the external data sources, assigns a respective communication priority to each data subset reference based on the availability of each of the external data sources and at least one priority criteria, assigns at least one external data source to each data subset reference based on the availability and the priority criteria, and controls the communication device to communicate with at least one external data source based on the respective communication priority assigned to each data subset reference to receive at least one data subset via the assigned external data source for storage on the storage device. | 08-28-2014 |
20140244157 | VEHICLE NAVIGATION SYSTEM AND METHOD - A vehicle navigation method comprises determining a present location of a host vehicle, including a road on which the host vehicle is traveling, determining a navigation route based on a destination and the present location of the vehicle, and determining a next navigation maneuver based on the navigation route and the present location of the host vehicle. The method further comprises capturing road information pertaining to the road, determining a present lane of the road in which the host vehicle is traveling based on the captured road information, determining a traffic condition on the road, and operating a computer to modify the next navigation maneuver based on the navigation route, the present lane and the traffic condition. | 08-28-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120140378 | RECHARGEABLE ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE - A rechargeable energy storage device is disclosed. In at least one embodiment the energy storage device includes an air electrode providing an electrochemical process comprising reduction and evolution of oxygen and a capacitive electrode enables an electrode process consisting of non-faradic reactions based on ion absorption/desorption and/or faradic reactions. This rechargeable energy storage device is a hybrid system of fuel cells and ultracapacitors, pseudocapacitors, and/or secondary batteries. | 06-07-2012 |
20120153887 | Supercapacitor Materials and Devices - Capacitors containing novel electrodes and electrolytes are described. One electrode composition comprises an oxide of Mn and Fe in a Mn:Fe molar ratio of 3:1 to 5:1. Another electrode composition comprises an oxide comprising Ni, Co, and Fe; wherein the Ni and Co are present in a Ni/Co molar ratio in the range of 0.5 to 2 and a Fe and Ni are present in a Ni/Fe molar ratio in the range of 1.0 to 10. The resulting capacitors can be characterized by superior properties. Methods of forming the electrodes from gels are also described. An electrolyte comprising a Li salt in a carbonate solution, wherein the carbonate solution comprises 10-30% ethylene carbonate and 70-90% propylene carbonate is also described. | 06-21-2012 |
20120237828 | NANOARCHITECTURED MULTI-COMPONENT ELECTRODE MATERIALS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME - At least one embodiment of the present invention provides preparation methods and compositions for nanoarchitectured multi-component materials based on carbon-coated iron-molybdenum mixed oxide as the electrode material for energy storage devices. A sol-gel process containing soluble organics is a preferred method. The soluble organics could become a carbon coating for the mixed oxide after thermal decomposition. The existence of the carbon coating provides the mixed oxide with an advantage in cycling stability over the corresponding carbon-free mixed oxide. For the carbon-coated mixed oxide, a stable cycling stability at high charge/discharge rate (3A/g) can be obtained with Mo/Fe molar ratios ≧1/3. The cycling stability and rate capability could be tuned by incorporating a structural additive such as Al | 09-20-2012 |
20120249089 | Nickel-Cobalt Supercapacitors and Methods of Making Same - Improved capacitors containing novel electrodes are described. One electrode composition comprises mixed metal oxides of the transition metals nickel and cobalt in a molar ratio of 0.5:1 or greater, and optionally containing a binder and carbon nanotubes. The resulting capacitors can be characterized by superior properties including higher specific capacitance values at higher voltage scan rates than the prior art. Methods of forming the electrodes that produce superior results are also described. | 10-04-2012 |
20130244100 | IRON PHOSPHATES: NEGATIVE ELECTRODE MATERIALS FOR AQUEOUS RECHARGEABLE SODIUM ION ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES - Various embodiments of the present invention relate to electrode materials based on iron phosphates that can be used as the negative electrode materials for aqueous sodium ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors. At least one embodiment includes a negative electrode material for an aqueous sodium ion based energy storage device. The negative electrode material with a non-olivine crystal structure includes at least one phosphate selected from iron hydroxyl phosphate, Na | 09-19-2013 |
20140170476 | NEGATIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME - The described embodiments provide an energy storage device that includes a positive electrode including an active material that can store and release ions, a negative electrode including an active material that is a lithiated nano-architectured active material including tin and at least one stress-buffer component, and a non-aqueous electrolyte including lithium. The negative electrode active material is nano-architectured before lithiation. | 06-19-2014 |
20140248531 | NEGATIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME - The described embodiments provide an energy storage device that includes a positive electrode including a material that stores and releases ion, a negative electrode including Nb-doped TiO | 09-04-2014 |
20150280227 | PREDOPING METHOD FOR AN ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL IN AN ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE, AND ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES - A predoping method for a negative electrode active material of an energy storage device, comprising at least one predoping material that can provide an ion that is different from a primary ionic charge carrier for a charging and discharging process of the energy storage device, called non-primary predoping material. The predoping material may be first included in a predoping electrode and later discharged to the negative electrode active material. The predoping material may be first mixed with the negative electrode active material in an electrode fabrication process, and later made to directly contact the negative electrode active material by adding an electrolyte and removing the protective shells of the predoping material. An ion exchanging method is used to exchange a first ion coming from the predoping material for a second ion in an electrode stack. | 10-01-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20130081750 | ACTIVELY CONTROLLED VIBRATION WELDING SYSTEM AND METHOD - A vibration welding system includes a controller, welding horn, an active material element, and anvil assembly. The assembly may include an anvil body connected to a back plate and support member. The element, e.g., a piezoelectric stack or shape memory alloy, is positioned with respect to the assembly. The horn vibrates in a desirable first direction to form a weld on a work piece. The element controls any vibrations in a second direction by applying calibrated response to the anvil body in the second direction. A method for controlling undesirable vibrations in the system includes positioning the element with respect to the anvil assembly, connecting the anvil body to the support member through the back plate, vibrating the horn in a desirable first direction, and transmitting an input signal to the element to control vibration in an undesirable second direction. | 04-04-2013 |
20130081753 | PASSIVELY DAMPED VIBRATION WELDING SYSTEM AND METHOD - A vibration welding system includes a controller, welding horn, an anvil, and a passive damping mechanism (PDM). The controller generates an input signal having a calibrated frequency. The horn vibrates in a desirable first direction at the calibrated frequency in response to the input signal to form a weld in a work piece. The PDM is positioned with respect to the system, and substantially damps or attenuates vibration in an undesirable second direction. A method includes connecting the PDM having calibrated properties and a natural frequency to an anvil of an ultrasonic welding system. Then, an input signal is generated using a weld controller. The method includes vibrating a welding horn in a desirable direction in response to the input signal, and passively damping vibration in an undesirable direction using the PDM. | 04-04-2013 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100152154 | NOVEL PLATINUM COMPOUNDS FOR TREATING CANCER - A series of platinum compounds and methods of treating cancer by said platinum compounds are disclosed. | 06-17-2010 |
20110182882 | Icotinib Hydrochloride, Synthesis, Crystalline Forms, Pharmaceutical Compositions, and Uses Thereof - The invention relates to 4-[(3-ethynylphenyl)amino]-6,7-benzo-12-crown-quinazoline hydrochloride, its new crystalline forms, its therapeutic usage for treatment of diseases mediated by EGFR kinase and its combinatory therapeutic usage together with other therapeutic agents. The invention also provides synthetic methods for preparation of 4-[(3-ethynylphenyl)amino]-6,7-benzo-12-crown-quinazoline hydrochloride, its new crystalline forms, and the relevant synthetic intermediates for synthesis of 4-[(3-ethynylphenyl)amino]-6,7-benzo-12-crown-quinazoline hydrochloride. | 07-28-2011 |
20140343082 | ICOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE, SYNTHESIS, CRYSTALLINE FORMS, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS, AND USES THEREOF - The invention relates to 4-[(3-ethynylphenyl)amino]-6,7-benzo-12-crown-quinazoline hydrochloride, its new crystalline forms, its therapeutic usage for treatment of diseases mediated by EGFR kinase and its combinatory therapeutic usage together with other therapeutic agents. The invention also provides synthetic methods for preparation of 4-[(3-ethynylphenyl)amino]-6,7-benzo-12-crown-quinazoline hydrochloride, its new crystalline forms, and the relevant synthetic intermediates for synthesis of 4-[(3-ethynylphenyl)amino]-6,7-benzo-12-crown-quinazoline hydrochloride. | 11-20-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080221818 | Correction of Factors in Vehicle Accelerometer Signals - A method for measuring and storing values of sensor bias in acceleration values for a vehicle, obtained over a plurality of time periods from a sensor having a specified range of expected variability of sensor bias values, includes measuring a first value of sensor bias obtained during operation of the vehicle in a first time period, storing the measured first value of sensor bias for use in one or more subsequent time periods, measuring a second value of sensor bias obtained during operation of the vehicle in a second time period, subtracting the measured second value of sensor bias from the stored first value of sensor bias, thereby generating a sensor bias difference, and storing the measured second value of sensor bias, for reference in one or more subsequent time periods, if the sensor bias difference is within the specified range of expected variability of sensor bias values. | 09-11-2008 |
20080319622 | Operation of Electronic Stability Control Systems Using Data from a Plurality of Sources - A method for operating a vehicle electronic stability control (“ESC”) system utilizing values for a variable obtained from a primary source and a redundant source includes the steps of receiving a first value for the variable from the primary source, receiving a second value for the variable from the redundant source, generating a normalized value as a function of the first value and the second value, determining whether the primary source is operating correctly, utilizing the first value for operation of the vehicle ESC system if the primary source is operating correctly, and utilizing the second value for operation of the vehicle ESC system if the primary source is not operating correctly and the second value is not greater in absolute value than the normalized value. | 12-25-2008 |
20090105900 | Reconfigurable Structure Method of Estimating Vehicle Lateral Velocity - A system, method and computer program product is provided for estimating the lateral velocity of a vehicle. The method comprises providing a plurality of estimation structures, each estimation structure corresponding to one of a plurality of dynamic regions in which a vehicle may operate, determining in which of the plurality of dynamic regions the vehicle is operating to identify a first dynamic region, and generating a first regional lateral velocity estimation from a first estimation structure corresponding to the first dynamic region. | 04-23-2009 |
20100222977 | MULTI-FACTOR SPEED ESTIMATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR USE - A method of estimating a speed of a vehicle is provided. The vehicle has a wheel and the method comprises receiving a first wheel speed signal indicating a rotation rate of the wheel, determining a first calculated forward speed of the vehicle based on the first wheel speed signal, receiving a first steering signal, determining the first steering signal contains information indicating large steering activity, receiving a second wheel speed signal at a later time than the first wheel speed signal, and determining, in response to receiving the first steering signal, a second calculated forward speed of the vehicle that is based on the second wheel speed signal and the first calculated forward speed. | 09-02-2010 |
20100305810 | METHODS OF OPERATING A CONTROL SYSTEM OF A VEHICLE AND VEHICLE SYSTEMS - Methods for operating a control system of a vehicle and vehicle systems are provided. A method includes receiving a first output signal from a longitudinal accelerometer during a first travel condition of the vehicle including a first vehicle speed of the vehicle and a first road grade substantially equal to zero, wherein the first vehicle speed is a constant speed and the first output signal represents a first measurement including a first vehicle acceleration component and a bias offset component, receiving a second output signal during a second travel condition of the vehicle including a second vehicle speed of the vehicle and a second road grade, wherein the second output signal represents a second measurement including a second vehicle acceleration component and the bias offset component, and determining the bias offset component and gravity component to obtain an estimated road grade factor. | 12-02-2010 |
20110112739 | GPS-Enhanced Vehicle Velocity Estimation - A method is provided for estimating vehicle velocity for a vehicle using a single-antenna global positioning system (GPS). An absolute speed and a course angle of the vehicle is measured using the single-antenna GPS. The yaw rates of the vehicle are measured independently of the GPS. An integrated yaw rate of the vehicle is calculated as a function of the measured yaw rates over a period of time. A yaw angle is determined as a function of a reference yaw angle and the integrated yaw rate. Aside slip angle is calculated as a function of the estimated yaw angle and the course angle provided by the GPS. The vehicle velocity is determined as a function of the absolute speed and the side slip angle. The vehicle velocity is provided to a vehicle dynamic control application. | 05-12-2011 |
20110257827 | Systems and Methods for Controlling a Vehicle Along a Road With a Road Bank - Systems and methods for detecting road bank and determining road bank angle include determining a road bank angle as a function of difference in slip angle where the difference in slip angle is a function of difference in course angle and difference in yaw angle. | 10-20-2011 |
20110276242 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING VEHICLE MOVEMENT - Methods and systems are provided for assessing movement of a vehicle having a plurality of wheels. A plurality of wheel direction values are obtained. Each of the wheel direction values pertains to a direction of wheel rotation of a respective wheel. An average value of the wheel direction values is calculated. A direction of movement of the vehicle is obtained via a controller using the average value. In addition, a signed velocity is determined for and indicative of both forward and reverse motions using the wheel direction values. | 11-10-2011 |
20120109445 | UNDERSTEER ASSESSMENT FOR VEHICLES - Methods and systems are provided for assessing understeer for a vehicle having at least one rear wheel and at least one front wheel. Rear wheel speeds are measured from the rear wheels, and front wheel speeds are measured for the front wheels. A determination is made as to the understeer of the vehicle using a comparison of the front wheel speeds and the rear wheel speeds. | 05-03-2012 |
20150274174 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ESTIMATING ROAD GRADE BASED ON AN OUTPUT OF A LONGITUDINAL ACCELERATION SENSOR IN A VEHICLE - A system according to the principles of the present disclosure includes a longitudinal acceleration estimation module, a vehicle longitudinal acceleration sensor, a road grade estimation module, and an actuator control module. The longitudinal acceleration estimation module estimates a longitudinal acceleration of a vehicle based on at least one of a transmission output speed and a wheel speed. The vehicle longitudinal acceleration sensor measures the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle. The road grade estimation module estimates a grade of a road on which the vehicle is traveling based on the estimated longitudinal acceleration and the measured longitudinal acceleration. The actuator control module controls an actuator of the vehicle based on the estimated road grade. | 10-01-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090019838 | DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER EXTENDED IDLE REGENERATION - A method of regenerating a diesel particulate filter (DPF) may include operating a vehicle including a diesel engine at an idle condition and applying a load to the diesel engine during the idle condition to increase an exhaust temperature of the diesel engine relative to a nominal idle condition. The increased exhaust temperature may regenerate a diesel particulate filter of the diesel engine during the idle condition. | 01-22-2009 |
20090044520 | Intake Air Heater for Assisting DPF Regeneration - An apparatus and a method for enhancing diesel engine performance is provided. At low engine load and cold ambient temperatures, an intake air heater increases the engine load via an engine alternator, which in turn, enables the engine to burn more fuel by the process of combustion. The combusted fuel elevates exhaust gas temperatures, which thereby accommodates cold start, controls white smoke, and aids DPF regeneration. | 02-19-2009 |
20100089042 | TWO-STAGE REGENERATION OF DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER - In accordance with exemplary embodiments, the present invention relates to systems and methods for regeneration of a filter, particularly a diesel particulate filter. In one exemplary embodiment, a method of regeneration of a particulate matter filter is provided. The method includes providing a heat source for regeneration of a particulate matter filter. The heat source is disposed proximate or upstream from the particulate matter filter. The method also includes activating the heat source to generate a first temperature profile of the heat source, the first temperature profile including a first temperature average. The method further includes increasing the temperature of the heat source to generate a second temperature profile of the heat source, the second temperature profile including a second temperature average, wherein the second temperature average is greater than the first temperature average. | 04-15-2010 |
20110162629 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING AN ENGINE DURING DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER REGENERATION WARM-UP - A method and control system for controlling an engine during diesel particulate filter regeneration includes a diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration request module that generates a DPF regeneration request signal. The control system also includes a DPF regeneration control module that controls the oxygen level in the exhaust based on an oxygen level signal corresponding to an oxygen level in the exhaust and a DPF inlet temperature signal corresponding to the DPF inlet temperature. | 07-07-2011 |
20110209463 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING AN ENGINE DURING DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER REGENERATION AT IDLE CONDITIONS - A method and control system for controlling an engine during diesel particulate filter regeneration includes a diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration request module that generates a DPF regeneration request signal and an idle condition module that generates an idle condition signal when the engine is at an idle condition. A DPF regeneration control module initiates a timer in response to the DPF regeneration request signal and the idle condition signal. The DPF regeneration control module controls the engine oxygen level to a second level less than a first level corresponding to a non-idle speed level, and after a time period, controls the engine to generate oxygen at a third level greater than the second level. | 09-01-2011 |
20110271656 | CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREVENTING HYDROCARBON SLIP DURING PARTICULATE MATTER FILTER REGENERATION - An engine control system includes an injection determination module and an injection regulation module. The injection determination module determines a desired rate of hydrocarbon (HC) injection into exhaust gas produced by an engine for regeneration of a particulate matter (PM) filter. The injection regulation module increases a rate of HC injection from a first rate to the desired rate during a predetermined period before regeneration of the PM filter, wherein the predetermined period is based on a difference between a predetermined temperature and a temperature at an outlet of an oxidation catalyst (OC). | 11-10-2011 |
20110271657 | CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR IMPROVED EFFICIENCY OF PARTICULATE MATTER FILTER REGENERATION - An engine control system includes an injection determination module and an injection distribution module. The injection determination module determines a desired amount of hydrocarbons (HC) to inject into exhaust gas produced by an engine for regeneration of a particulate matter (PM) filter. The injection distribution module controls a ratio of auxiliary injection to post-combustion injection based on engine load, engine speed, and the desired amount of HC injection, wherein auxiliary injection includes injecting HC into the exhaust gas, and wherein post-combustion injection includes injecting HC into cylinders of the engine during a period after combustion. | 11-10-2011 |
20130180231 | EXHAUST AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM - In one exemplary embodiment of an exhaust aftertreatment system, the system includes an oxidation catalyst configured to receive an exhaust gas flow from an internal combustion engine and a particulate filter positioned downstream of the oxidation catalyst, the particulate filter comprising a substrate. The system also includes a nitrogen oxide adsorbing catalyst applied to a downstream portion of the substrate and a selective catalytic reduction device positioned downstream of the nitrogen oxide adsorbing catalyst, wherein the selective catalytic reduction device is configured to remove nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas flow. | 07-18-2013 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120086238 | REINFORCED ROCKER PANEL STRUCTURE - A motor vehicle rocker panel is formed of a rocker inner panel and a rocker outer panel of generally C-shape that are spot welded together and cooperate to define an open space therebetween. An extruded aluminum reinforcement member is captured within an open space and includes a generally box-shaped structure having vertical sidewalls engaging respectively with the rocker inner panel and the rocker outer panel, and also integral flanges extending from the corners of the box-shape into engagement with the rocker inner panel and the rocker outer panel. Structural adhesive and screws act between the reinforcement member, the rocker inner panel, and the rocker outer panel, thereby providing a strong, lightweight, and economical reinforcement of the rocker panel. In addition, stiffening ribs are provided for strength and cavities are defined to receive the flow of any excess adhesive. | 04-12-2012 |
20120235396 | ENERGY-ABSORBING DEVICE FOR A VEHICLE - An energy-absorbing device is provided that is mountable to an engine cradle of a vehicle. The device includes spaced-apart first and second plates having first and second plate lengths respectively, with the first plate length being less than the second plate length. A divider plate is positioned between the first and second plates. Opposing first and second side walls connect the first plate to the divider plate. The first and second side walls have first and second angled edges defining first and second incline angles, respectively, relative to the divider plate. The first and second incline angles are each less than 90 degrees. A distal portion of the device, at least partially defined by the first and second angled edges, is configured to provide lower resistance to an impact force relative to a proximal portion of the device, thereby providing progressive crush resistance. | 09-20-2012 |