Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120068801 | FLUIDIC CONSTRUCTS FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICES - In various embodiments, an inductance of an inductor is tuned by adjusting a position of a conductor and/or a magnetic material with respect to a conducting wire of the inductor, thereby changing the electro-magnetic characteristics of the conducting wire. The conductor and/or magnetic material can be disposed in a microfluidic channel and can be moved within the microfluidic channel using a suitable actuator mechanism. | 03-22-2012 |
20130021758 | Interconnect Schemes, and Materials and Methods for Producing the Same - An interconnect scheme includes a conductive ink forming a plurality of conductive regions, and a dielectric ink occupying spaces between the conductive regions. The conductive ink and the dielectric ink have substantially identical optical, acoustic, and x-ray absorption properties, thereby making the interconnect scheme tamper-resistant and/or difficult to identify and reverse-engineer using conventional detection methods. | 01-24-2013 |
20130329373 | BIO-IMPLANTABLE HERMETIC INTEGRATED ULTRA HIGH DENSITY DEVICE - An implantable bio-compatible integrated circuit device and methods for manufacture thereof are disclosed herein. The device includes a substrate having a recess. An input/output device including at least one bio-compatible electrical contact is coupled to the substrate in the recess. A layer of hermetic bio-compatible, hermetic insulator material is deposited on a portion of the input/output device. An encapsulating layer of bio-compatible material encapsulates at least a portion of the implantable device, including the input/output device. At least one bio-compatible electrical contact of the input/output device is then exposed. The encapsulating layer and the layer of bio-compatible, hermetic insulator material form a hermetic seal around the at least one exposed bio-compatible electrical contact. | 12-12-2013 |
20160086824 | BIO-IMPLANTABLE HERMETIC INTEGRATED ULTRA HIGH DENSITY DEVICE - An implantable bio-compatible integrated circuit device and methods for manufacture thereof are disclosed herein. The device includes a substrate having a recess. An input/output device including at least one bio-compatible electrical contact is coupled to the substrate in the recess. A layer of hermetic bio-compatible, hermetic insulator material is deposited on a portion of the input/output device. An encapsulating layer of bio-compatible material encapsulates at least a portion of the implantable device, including the input/output device. At least one bio-compatible electrical contact of the input/output device is then exposed. The encapsulating layer and the layer of bio-compatible, hermetic insulator material form a hermetic seal around the at least one exposed bio-compatible electrical contact. | 03-24-2016 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090134522 | Micro-Electromechanical System Memory Device and Method of Making the Same - A method of manufacturing a non-volatile memory bitcell comprises the steps of depositing a first layer of conductive material on a substrate and patterning and etching the first layer of conductive material to form three non-linearly disposed electrodes. The method also comprises the steps of depositing a first layer of sacrificial material on the electrodes and the substrate and providing an elongate cantilever structure on the first layer of sacrificial material such that the cantilever structure and at least a portion of each electrode overlap each other. The method also includes the steps of depositing a second layer of sacrificial material on the cantilever structure and the first layer of sacrificial material and providing a capping layer on the second layer of sacrificial material and providing holes in the capping layer such that at least a portion of the second layer of sacrificial material is exposed. Finally, the method provides the step of removing the first and second layers of sacrificial material through the holes provided in the capping layer, thereby defining a cavity in which the cantilever structure is suspended. | 05-28-2009 |
20090298215 | Method of Enclosing a Micro-Electromechanical Element - A method, in a complementary metal oxide semiconductor fabrication process, of creating a layered housing containing a micro-electromechanical system device, the method comprising the steps of providing a cavity in at least one layer of the housing, the cavity being accessible through via holes in a layer of insulating material deposited thereon, and the layer of insulating material being covered by a thin film layer of conductive material. The method further comprises the step of hydrophobically treating at least a portion of the inner surface of the cavity. Finally the method comprises the steps of submerging the wafer in an electroplating solution and electroplating a conductive layer onto the thin film layer of conductive material such that the cavity remains free of electroplating solution. | 12-03-2009 |
20100116632 | METHOD OF USING A PLURALITY OF SMALLER MEMS DEVICES TO REPLACE A LARGER MEMS DEVICE - Embodiments disclosed herein generally include using a large number of small MEMS devices to replace the function of an individual larger MEMS device or digital variable capacitor. The large number of smaller MEMS devices perform the same function as the larger device, but because of the smaller size, they can be encapsulated in a cavity using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible processes. Signal averaging over a large number of the smaller devices allows the accuracy of the array of smaller devices to be equivalent to the larger device. The process is exemplified by considering the use of a MEMS based accelerometer switch array with an integrated analog to digital conversion of the inertial response. The process is also exemplified by considering the use of a MEMS based device structure where the MEMS devices operate in parallel as a digital variable capacitor. | 05-13-2010 |
20100237738 | MOVING A FREE-STANDING STRUCTURE BETWEEN HIGH AND LOW ADHESION STATES - Embodiments disclosed herein generally solve a stiction problem in switching devices by using a series of pulses of force which take the switch from being strongly adhered to a landing electrode to the point where it is only weakly adhered. Once in the low adhesion state, the switch can then be pulled away from contact with a lower force provided by either the spring constant of the switch and/or the electrostatic forces resulting from low voltages applied to nearby electrodes. | 09-23-2010 |
20110043892 | FABRICATION OF A FLOATING ROCKER MEMS DEVICE FOR LIGHT MODULATION - The current disclosure shows how to make a fast switching array of mirrors for projection displays. Because the mirror does not have a via in the middle connecting to the underlying spring support, there is an improved contrast ratio that results from not having light scatter off the legs or vias like existing technologies. Because there are no supporting contacts, the mirror can be made smaller making smaller pixels that can be used to make higher density displays. In addition, because there is not restoring force from any supporting spring support, the mirror stays in place facing one or other direction due to adhesion. This means there is no need to use a voltage to hold the mirror in position. This means that less power is required to run the display. | 02-24-2011 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20140047407 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CREATING APPLICATION INTERFACES FOR FORMING AND SOLVING PROBLEMS IN A MODELING SYSTEM - An apparatus for generating an application data structure includes a physical computing system comprising processor(s), input device(s), display(s), and memor(ies). The memory includes executable instructions that cause a processor to perform the acts of embedding a multiphysics model data structure for a physical system in an application data structure. Application features are determined to add to the application data structure. First data is added representing a form feature for the application features for the model of the physical system. Second data is added representing at an action feature for the application features. The second data is associated with at least one modeling operation to define a sequence of operations for modeling the physical system. The application data structure is updated including the added first and second data and the associating defining the sequence of operations. The updated application data structure is stored on the memory device(s). | 02-13-2014 |
20150293749 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CREATING APPLICATION INTERFACES FOR FORMING AND SOLVING PROBLEMS IN A MODELING SYSTEM - An apparatus for generating an application data structure includes a physical computing system comprising processor(s), input device(s), display(s), and memor(ies). The memory includes executable instructions that cause a processor to perform the acts of embedding a multiphysics model data structure for a physical system in an application data structure. Application features are determined to add to the application data structure. First data is added representing a form feature for the application features for the model of the physical system. Second data is added representing at an action feature for the application features. The second data is associated with at least one modeling operation to define a sequence of operations for modeling the physical system. The application data structure is updated including the added first and second data and the associating defining the sequence of operations. The updated application data structure is stored on the memory device(s). | 10-15-2015 |
20150363525 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CREATING REUSABLE GEOMETRY SEQUENCES FOR MULTIPHYSICS MODELING - A system generates a customized application data structure for modeling physical systems. The system includes a processor, an input device, optionally a display device, and a memory device. The processor is adapted to embed a multiphysics model data structure in the application data structure. The multiphysics model data structure comprises a representation of models of physical systems. Geometry data representing geometry subroutines and call data representing geometry subroutine calls are added to the embedded multiphysics model data structure. Data representing application features are added to the application data structure. Each application feature comprises one or more of (i) first data representing a form feature, or (ii) second data representing an action feature. A customized application data structure is generated providing a customized modeling of the physical systems using a modeling operation, a geometry of the one or more models of physical systems, an application feature, and a geometry subroutine. | 12-17-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120103456 | ARTICLES AND METHODS FOR REDUCING HYDRATE ADHESION - This invention relates generally to articles, devices, and methods for gas hydrate mitigation in deep-sea drilling applications. In certain embodiments, hydrate-phobic surfaces are provided that ensure passive enhancement of flow assurance and prevention of catastrophic failures in deep-sea oil and gas operations. | 05-03-2012 |
20120160362 | ARTICLES AND METHODS FOR REDUCING HYDRATE ADHESION - This invention relates generally to articles, devices, and methods for gas hydrate mitigation in deep-sea drilling applications. In certain embodiments, hydrate-phobic surfaces are provided that ensure passive enhancement of flow assurance and prevention of catastrophic failures in deep-sea oil and gas operations. | 06-28-2012 |
20120201759 | TUNABLE MULTISCALE STRUCTURES COMPRISING BRISTLY, HOLLOW METAL/METAL OXIDE PARTICLES, METHODS OF MAKING AND ARTICLES INCORPORATING THE STRUCTURES - Hierarchical nanostructures and methods of fabrication. The structures include particles having a metal oxide outer shell with metal oxide wires extending from the outer shell. A multiscale structure according to the invention has particles above and below a critical size wherein the particles above the critical size have wires extending from the surface. These structures may be fabricated from a mixture prepared of relatively smaller metal particles having a size threshold below a threshold for nanowire formation and of relatively larger metal particles having a size above the threshold for nanowire formation. The mixture is oxidized at a selected temperature and for a selected time whereby the relatively smaller particles sinter and nanowires grow on the relatively larger particles thereby creating tunable hierarchical structures with metal-to-metal contact between the particles. | 08-09-2012 |
20130032316 | Liquid-Impregnated Surfaces, Methods of Making, and Devices Incorporating the Same - The invention is directed to an article with a liquid-impregnated surface, the surface having a matrix of features thereupon, spaced sufficiently close to stably contain a liquid therebetween or therewithin, and preferable also a thin film thereupon. The surface provides the article with advantageous non-wetting properties. Compared to previous non-wetting surfaces, which include a gas (e.g., air) entrained within surface textures, these liquid-impregnated surfaces are resistant to impalement and frost formation, and are therefore more robust. | 02-07-2013 |
20130034695 | LIQUID-IMPREGNATED SURFACES, METHODS OF MAKING, AND DEVICES INCORPORATING THE SAME - The invention is directed to an article with a liquid-impregnated surface, the surface having a matrix of features thereupon, spaced sufficiently close to stably contain a liquid therebetween or therewithin, and preferable also a thin film thereupon. The surface provides the article with advantageous non-wetting properties. Compared to previous non-wetting surfaces, which include a gas (e.g., air) entrained within surface textures, these liquid-impregnated surfaces are resistant to impalement and frost formation, and are therefore more robust. | 02-07-2013 |
20130122225 | ARTICLES AND METHODS PROVIDING SCALE-PHOBIC SURFACES - This invention relates generally to articles, devices, and methods for inhibiting or preventing the formation of scale during various industrial processes. In certain embodiments, a vessel is provided for use in an industrial process, the vessel including a surface in contact with a mineral solution, wherein the surface is provided or is modified to have γ | 05-16-2013 |
20130333789 | APPARATUS WITH A LIQUID-IMPREGNATED SURFACE TO FACILITATE MATERIAL CONVEYANCE - Described herein are conduits for conveying fluids and/or solids, the conduits having an interior surface that provide a high-slip boundary condition, thereby facilitating the flow of material therethrough. In some embodiments, the conduit has an interior surface with an impregnating liquid and a plurality of micro-scale and/or nano-scale solid features spaced sufficiently close to stably contain the impregnating liquid therebetween. The impregnating liquid fills spaces between the solid features, the interior surface stably contains the impregnating liquid between the solid features, and the impregnating liquid is substantially held in place between the plurality of solid features regardless of orientation of the interior surface and regardless of flow, passage, or removal of fluids and/or solids through, into, or out of the conduit. | 12-19-2013 |
20130335697 | CONTACT LENS WITH LIQUID-IMPREGNATED SURFACE - Described herein is a contact lens with high lubricity to eye tissue/fluid and inhibited nucleation on its surface. The contact lens has a surface textured to form a matrix of micro-scale and/or nano-scale solid (e.g., gel) features spaced sufficiently close to stably contain an impregnating liquid therebetween. The impregnating liquid fills spaces between the solid features, the surface stably contains the impregnating liquid between the solid features, and the impregnating liquid is substantially held in place between the plurality of solid features regardless of orientation of the surface and despite contact with the eye tissue during normal wear, insertion, and removal of the contact lens. | 12-19-2013 |
20130337027 | Medical Devices and Implements with Liquid-Impregnated Surfaces - Described herein are medical devices and medical implements with high lubricity to flesh (or biological fluid) and/or inhibited nucleation on its surface. The device has a surface comprising an impregnating liquid and a plurality of micro-scale and/or nano-scale solid features spaced sufficiently close to stably contain the impregnating liquid therebetween. The impregnating liquid fills spaces between said solid features, the surface stably contains the impregnating liquid between the solid features, and the impregnating liquid is substantially held in place between the plurality of solid features regardless of orientation of the surface. | 12-19-2013 |
20140178611 | APPARATUS AND METHODS EMPLOYING LIQUID-IMPREGNATED SURFACES - In certain embodiments, the invention is directed to apparatus comprising a liquid-impregnated surface, said surface comprising an impregnating liquid and a matrix of solid features spaced sufficiently close to stably contain the impregnating liquid therebetween or therewithin, and methods thereof. In some embodiments, one or both of the following holds: (i) 0<φ≦0.25, where φ is a representative fraction of the projected surface area of the liquid-impregnated surface corresponding to non-submerged solid at equilibrium; and (ii) S | 06-26-2014 |
20150076030 | NON-TOXIC LIQUID IMPREGNATED SURFACES - Embodiments described herein relate generally to containers having liquid-impregnated surfaces disposed on their interior surfaces. The liquid-impregnated surfaces may compose an arrangement of solid and/or semi-solid features, defining one or more interstitial regions therebetween, and an impregnating liquid preferentially wetted to those regions. The containers may be designed to contain a product that is intended for human or animal consumption. The solid and/or semi-solid features and the impregnating liquid collectively define a secondary surface (e.g., substantially parallel to the interior surface on which the liquid-impregnated surfaces are disposed) and may include materials which are non-toxic. In particular, non-toxic liquid-impregnated surfaces of the disclosure may be configured for use in food, drugs, health and/or beauty product applications. | 03-19-2015 |
20150079315 | ARTICLES AND METHODS FOR FORMING LIQUID FILMS ON SURFACES, IN DEVICES INCORPORATING THE SAME - Embodiments described herein relate to articles and methods for forming liquid surface films on the interior surfaces of containers for holding one or more products comprising one or more Bingham plastic materials. Bingham plastic materials behave as a solid under no or low shear stress, and behave as viscous liquids when an applied shear stress exceeds a yield stress. In some embodiments, a container for containing a product includes an interior surface and a liquid disposed on the interior surface. Before introduction of a product into a container, the liquid may be surrounded by air. The liquid-air interface in contact with the interior surface makes a contact angle, θ | 03-19-2015 |
20150144522 | NUCLEATION AND DESTABILIZATION OF LIQUIDS ON LIQUID-IMPREGNATED SURFACES - A container for housing a contact liquid includes a liquid-impregnated surface in contact with a contact liquid. The liquid-impregnated surface includes a first surface having a first roll off angle. A plurality of solid features are disposed on the first surface, such that a plurality of interstitial regions are defined between the plurality of solid features. An impregnating liquid is disposed in the interstitial regions and the interstitial regions are configured such that that the impregnating liquid is retained in the interstitial regions by capillary forces. The impregnating liquid disposed in the interstitial regions defines a second surface having a second roll off angle less than the first roll off angle. The container further includes a nucleation mechanism configured to nucleate and destabilize a film of the contact liquid disposed on the liquid-impregnated surface, such that the film of the contact liquid can be rapidly removed from the container. | 05-28-2015 |
20150273518 | Spray Processes and Methods for Forming Liquid-Impregnated Surfaces - In some embodiments, a method of producing a liquid-impregnated surface includes forming a solid particle suspension including a plurality of solid particles with an average dimension of between about 5 nm and about 200 μm. The solid particle suspension is applied to a surface by spray-depositing the solid particle suspension onto the surface. An impregnating liquid is also applied to the surface. The plurality of solid particles and the impregnating liquid collectively form a liquid-impregnated surface. The impregnating liquid can be applied after the solid particle suspension is applied, or the solid particle suspension can include the impregnating liquid, such that the solid particle suspension and the impregnating liquid are concurrently spray-deposited onto the surface. | 10-01-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20130220813 | ARTICLES AND METHODS FOR MODIFYING CONDENSATION ON SURFACES - The articles and methods described herein provide a way to manipulate condensation on a surface by micro/nano-engineering textures on the surface and filling the spaces between the texture features with an impregnating liquid that is stably held therebetween or therewithin. The articles and methods allow droplets of water, or other condensed phases, even in micrometer size range, to easily shed from the surface, thereby enhancing contact between a condensing species and the condensing surface. It has been found that dropwise condensation is enhanced by the use of an impregnating (secondary) liquid that has a relatively high surface tension, and, even more preferably, an impregnating liquid that has both a high surface tension and a low viscosity. | 08-29-2013 |
20130251769 | SELF-LUBRICATING SURFACES FOR FOOD PACKAGING AND FOOD PROCESSING EQUIPMENT - In certain embodiments, the invention relates to an article having a liquid-impregnated surface. The surface includes a matrix of solid features (e.g., non-toxic and/or edible features) spaced sufficiently close to stably contain a liquid therebetween or therewithin, wherein the liquid is non-toxic and/or edible. The article may contain, for example, a food or other consumer product, such as ketchup, mustard, or mayonnaise. | 09-26-2013 |
20130251952 | SELF-LUBRICATING SURFACES FOR FOOD PACKAGING AND FOOD PROCESSING EQUIPMENT - In certain embodiments, the invention relates to an article having a liquid-impregnated surface. The surface includes a matrix of solid features (e.g., non-toxic and/or edible features) spaced sufficiently close to stably contain a liquid therebetween or therewithin, wherein the liquid is non-toxic and/or edible. The article may contain, for example, a food or other consumer product, such as ketchup, mustard, or mayonnaise. | 09-26-2013 |
20140290699 | ARTICLES AND METHODS PROVIDING LIQUID-IMPREGNATED SCALE-PHOBIC SURFACES - This invention relates generally to articles, devices, and methods for inhibiting or preventing the formation of scale during various industrial processes. In certain embodiments, a vessel is provided for use in an industrial process, the vessel having a textured, liquid-impregnated surface in contact with a mineral solution, wherein the liquid-impregnated surface comprises a matrix of features spaced sufficiently close to stably contain an impregnating liquid lubricant therebetween or therewithin, wherein the impregnating lubricant has a low surface energy density, and wherein the spreading coefficient S | 10-02-2014 |
20140314975 | METHODS AND ARTICLES FOR LIQUID-IMPREGNATED SURFACES WITH ENHANCED DURABILITY - Embodiments described herein relate generally to devices, systems and methods for producing liquid impregnated surfaces with enhanced durability. In some embodiments, a liquid-impregnated surface includes a first surface having a first roll off angle. A plurality of solid features are disposed on the first surface, such that a plurality of interstitial regions are defined between the plurality of solid features. An impregnating liquid is disposed in the interstitial regions. Furthermore, the interstitial regions are dimension and configured such that that the surface remains impregnated by the impregnating liquid. The impregnating liquid disposed in the interstitial regions defines a second surface which has a second roll off angle less than the first roll off angle. The apparatus also includes a liquid delivery mechanism configured to transfer the impregnating liquid to the interstitial regions. | 10-23-2014 |
20140314991 | METHODS AND ARTICLES FOR LIQUID-IMPREGNATED SURFACES FOR THE INHIBITION OF VAPOR OR GAS NUCLEATION - Embodiments described herein relate generally to devices, systems and methods for producing liquid-impregnated surfaces for the inhibition of vapor or gas nucleation. In some embodiments, an apparatus having a liquid-impregnated surface includes a first surface having a first roll off angle. A plurality of solid features are disposed on the first surface such that interstitial regions are defined between the solid features. An impregnating liquid is disposed in the interstitial regions which are dimensioned and configured to remain impregnated by the impregnating liquid. The impregnating liquid disposed in the interstitial regions at least partially defines a second surface having a second roll off angle less than the first roll off angle. Furthermore, the second surface has substantially less nucleation sites for formation of bubbles in a contact liquid that includes a gas dissolved therein and is disposed on the second surface, as compared to the first surface. | 10-23-2014 |
20150066152 | Orthopaedic Joints Providing Enhanced Lubricity - The present disclosure provides, among other things, prosthetic joint components having textured surface(s) for improving lubrication and increasing the useful life of the prosthetic joint components. The textured surface includes solid features configured to stably contain a biological fluid or a synthetic biological fluid therebetween or therewithin for a non-zero residence time. | 03-05-2015 |
20150125575 | SELF-LUBRICATING SURFACES FOR FOOD PACKAGING AND FOOD PROCESSINGEQUIPMENT - In certain embodiments, the invention relates to an article having a liquid-impregnated surface. The surface includes a matrix of solid features (e.g., non-toxic and/or edible features) spaced sufficiently close to stably contain a liquid therebetween or therewithin, wherein the liquid is non-toxic and/or edible. The article may contain, for example, a food or other consumer product, such as ketchup, mustard, or mayonnaise. | 05-07-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090117191 | Controlled release tramadol formulations - A controlled release preparation for oral administration contains tramadol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as active ingredient. | 05-07-2009 |
20140363487 | TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY SYSTEM COMPRISING BUPRENORPHINE - The invention relates to transdermal therapeutic system for the transdermal administration of buprenorphine, comprising a buprenorphine-containing self-adhesive layer structure comprising A) a buprenoφhine-impermeable backing layer, and B) a buprenorphine-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on said buprenorphine-impermeable backing layer, the adhesive layer comprising a) at least one polymer-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, b) an analgesically effective amount of buprenorphine base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and c) a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, levulinic acid and mixtures thereof, in an amount sufficient so that said analgesically effective amount of buprenorphine is solubilized therein to form a mixture, and the carboxylic acid buprenorphine mixture forms dispersed deposits in the said pressure-sensitive adhesive, wherein said buprenorphine-containing pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is the skin contact layer. | 12-11-2014 |
20150306093 | TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY SYSTEM - The invention relates to a method of treating pain in a patient by applying a transdermal therapeutic system for the transdermal administration of buprenorphine for 7 days on the skin of a patient, said transdermal therapeutic system comprising a buprenorphine-containing self-adhesive layer structure comprising A) a buprenorphine-impermeable backing layer, and B) a buprenorphine-containing matrix layer on said buprenorphine-impermeable backing layer, the matrix layer comprising a) a polymer base, b) buprenorphine, and c) a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, levulinic acid and mixtures thereof, in an amount sufficient so that said buprenorphine is solubilized therein to form a mixture, and the carboxylic acid buprenorphine mixture forms dispersed deposits in the polymer base, and C) a skin contact layer on said buprenorphine-containing matrix layer comprising a polymer-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, and optionally wherein the buprenorphine-containing self-adhesive layer structure contains said buprenorphine in an amount of less than 0.8 mg/cm2 buprenorphine base or an equimolar amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. | 10-29-2015 |
20160120823 | TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY SYSTEM COMPRISING BUPRENORPHINE - The invention relates to transdermal therapeutic system for the transdermal administration of buprenorphine, comprising a buprenorphine-containing self-adhesive layer structure comprising
| 05-05-2016 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20130080129 | MULTI-COMPONENT MODEL ENGINEERING - Multi-component model engineering is described, for example, to model multi-component dynamical systems in which the true underlying processes are incompletely understood such as the Earth's biosphere, whole organisms, biological cells, the immune system, and anthropogenic systems such as agricultural systems, and economic systems. In an embodiment individual component models are linked together and associated with empirical data observed from the system being modeled in a consistent, repeatable manner. For example, a model component, its links with data, its outputs, and its links with other model components, are specified in a format to be passed directly to inference routines which use an inference engine to infer the most likely parameters of the multi-component model given subsets of the empirical data. The inferred parameter values take the form of a probability distribution representing the degree of uncertainty in most likely parameter. An embodiment describes ways of identifying model components for revising. | 03-28-2013 |
20140164070 | PROBABILISTIC CARBON CREDITS CALCULATOR - A probabilistic carbon credits calculator may be used to calculate carbon credit monetary values for specified geographical areas, time periods, land uses, climate scenarios and other factors. For example, different land use scenarios may be assessed in terms of carbon credit monetary value to aid decisions about whether to return pasture to forest, whether to deforest an area and other such land use decisions. In various embodiments, predictions of terrestrial carbon amounts and certainty of those predictions are obtained from a carbon model and the predictions may be compared with comparison data and combined with carbon credit market data or other financial estimates of carbon value. In various examples the comparison data comprises empirical data and/or carbon model predictions. In various embodiments, certainty of predictions and/or comparison data is used to assess certainty of calculated carbon credit monetary values. | 06-12-2014 |