Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120131887 | Storage-Stable Aqueous Solutions of Chlorine Dioxide and Methods for Preparing and Using Them - The present invention is for extremely pure solutions of chlorine dioxide, methods for making such solutions and to compositions and methods for storing, shipping and using such solutions. Generally, the chlorine dioxide solutions of the invention are aqueous solutions containing about 2500 ppm or less of total impurities. The chlorine dioxide solution can be prepare by passing dilute highly pure chlorine gas through a bed of substantially solid sodium chloride and contacting the resulting chlorine dioxide gas with a liquid. | 05-31-2012 |
20120135167 | Storage-Stable Aqueous Solutions of Chlorine Dioxide and Methods for Preparing and Using Them - The present invention is for extremely pure solutions of chlorine dioxide, methods for making such solutions and to compositions and methods for storing, shipping and using such solutions. Generally, the chlorine dioxide solutions of the invention are aqueous solutions containing about 2500 ppm or less of total impurities. The chlorine dioxide solution can be prepare by passing dilute highly pure chlorine gas through a bed of substantially solid sodium chloride and contacting the resulting chlorine dioxide gas with a liquid. | 05-31-2012 |
20120148477 | AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE WITH ENHANCED STABILITY AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING AND PACKAGING THEM - Aqueous solutions of chlorine dioxide are disclosed. The solutions are substantially free of transition metal ions, transition metal oxides, particulate contaminants. The solutions are uniquely stable with respect to their chlorine dioxide concentration. The solutions can contain chlorine dioxide in the concentration range of about 100 ppm or more to about 10,000 ppm, more preferably about 1,000 ppm or more to about 5,000 ppm and even more preferably about 2,000 ppm or more to about 4,000 ppm, and most preferably about 3,000 ppm. Preferably the solutions are substantially free of organic carbon and metal ions. Methods are disclosed for preparing aqueous solutions of chlorine dioxide comprising (1) purifying water by at least two methods selected from the group consisting of deionization, distillation, reverse osmosis (RO) filtration, carbon filtration, microporous filtration, ultrafiltration, hyperfiltration, ultraviolet oxidation, and electrodialysis, and (2) dissolving filtered chlorine dioxide gas into the water. | 06-14-2012 |
20120201898 | Storage-Stable Aqueous Solutions of Chlorine Dioxide and Methods for Preparing and Using Them - The present invention is for extremely pure solutions of chlorine dioxide, methods for making such solutions and to compositions and methods for storing, shipping and using such solutions. Generally, the chlorine dioxide solutions of the invention are aqueous solutions containing about 2500 ppm or less of total impurities. The chlorine dioxide solution can be prepare by passing dilute highly pure chlorine gas through a bed of substantially solid sodium chloride and contacting the resulting chlorine dioxide gas with a liquid. | 08-09-2012 |
20120201899 | Storage-Stable Aqueous Solutions of Chlorine Dioxide and Methods for Preparing and Using Them - The present invention is for extremely pure solutions of chlorine dioxide, methods for making such solutions and to compositions and methods for storing, shipping and using such solutions. Generally, the chlorine dioxide solutions of the invention are aqueous solutions containing about 2500 ppm or less of total impurities. The chlorine dioxide solution can be prepare by passing dilute highly pure chlorine gas through a bed of substantially solid sodium chloride and contacting the resulting chlorine dioxide gas with a liquid. | 08-09-2012 |
20130334063 | Method of Detecting Analyte - This disclosure relates to a method of detecting an analyte. The method includes (1) contacting an aqueous solution containing the analyte with an electrochemical detector having a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a solid electrolyte, where the analyte includes a halogen or an oxy-halogen species and the solid electrolyte provides an electrical pathway between the working and counter electrodes; (2) applying a voltage to the detector; and (3) measuring the resultant current change in the detector. | 12-19-2013 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120158598 | Modeling and mapping comparable properties - Modeling and mapping appropriate comparable properties comprises accessing property data corresponding to a geographical area, and then weighting comparable properties based upon the appropriateness of each of the plurality of comparable properties as comparables for a subject property. For example, the weighting may be based upon economic distance from the subject property, geographic distance from the subject property, and age of transaction. Using this information, a map image of the geographical area is displayed, with indicators on the map image indicative of the subject property and at least one of the comparable properties. | 06-21-2012 |
20120203771 | Ranking and displaying appraiser-chosen comparables against model-chosen comparables - Ranking and displaying comparable properties entails receiving appraisal information comprising a subject property and appraiser-chosen comparable properties corresponding to the subject property. Property data corresponding to a geographical area is accessed, in support of determining model-chosen comparable properties based upon the appropriateness of each of the comparable properties as comparables for the subject property. A map image is displayed for the geographical area, along with indicators on the map image indicative of the subject property, at least one of the appraiser-chosen comparable properties, and at least one of the model-chosen comparable properties. | 08-09-2012 |
20120215703 | PROPERTY VALUE ESTIMATION WITH CATEGORICAL LOCATION VARIABLE PROVIDING NEIGHBORHOOD PROXY - Model-based property value estimation with that implements a categorical location variable providing a neighborhood proxy. A regression models the relationship between sale price and a set of explanatory variables. These explanatory variables include a location variable that is defined at a level of granularity such that the location variable acts as a proxy for location within a neighborhood. An infill process remedies the effects of insufficient amounts of location variable data. | 08-23-2012 |
20120323798 | VALUATION OF PROPERTIES BORDERING SPECIFIED GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES - Modeling comparable properties and rendering map images with automatic valuation of properties bordering specified geographic features. A valuation model identifies and accounts for the proximity of properties to geographic features. For example, estimating property value includes accessing property data corresponding to a geographic area and performing a regression based upon the property data. The regression models the relationship between price and explanatory variables, with the explanatory variables including proximity to geographic features. Proximity may be a categorical variable wherein properties bordering the geographic feature are determined to possess the proximity characteristic. Alternative explanatory variables may incorporate different degrees of proximity. | 12-20-2012 |
20130080340 | INDEXING AND ADJUSTING FOR PROPERTY CONDITION IN AN AUTOMATED VALUATION MODEL - Indexing and adjusting for property condition in an automated valuation model. Property data corresponding to a geographical area is accessed, and a regression is performed based upon the property data. The regression models the relationship between a dependent variable, such as price, and property-characteristic explanatory variables. Further regression is then performed and models or further explains the relationship between the dependent variable and property condition explanatory variables. Specifically, further regression may model the relationship between the residual from the first regression and the property condition variables. Optional examples of these variables are those based upon the presence of predetermined remarks in associated property listings, the number of photos in such listings, and a categorical year built variable. The regression is used to determine a property-condition index for the geographical area. The property-condition index identifies a predicted condition that is used to make adjustments to comparable properties in automated valuation modeling. | 03-28-2013 |
20130101234 | AUTOMATED VALUATION MODEL WITH CUSTOMIZABLE NEIGHBORHOOD DETERMINATION - Automated valuation model with customizable neighborhood determination. A map image is displayed corresponding to a geographical area, and then user input accommodates definition of a particularly defined geographic area to provide custom identification of a neighborhood to be subject to automated valuation. Once the defined geographic area is established, the automated valuation model is applied to property data corresponding to properties within the defined geographic area. A subject property and corresponding properties within the defined geographic area are then displayed on a map image, preferably with articulation of the defined geographic area as the neighborhood of interest. The neighborhood may be defined by, among other criteria, inclusion within a user-defined shape, as well as exclusion of a user-defined shape from a displayed geographic area. | 04-25-2013 |
20130103595 | SEARCHING REAL ESTATE USING SPATIAL EXCLUSION CONDITIONS - Automated valuation model with customizable neighborhood determination, including spatial exclusion conditions. A map image is displayed corresponding to a geographical area, and then user input accommodates definition of a particularly defined geographic area to provide custom identification of a neighborhood to be subject to automated valuation. Once the defined geographic area is established, the automated valuation model is applied to property data corresponding to properties within the defined geographic area. A subject property and corresponding properties within the defined geographic area are then displayed on a map image, preferably with articulation of the defined geographic area as the neighborhood of interest. The neighborhood may be defined by, among other criteria, inclusion within a user-defined shape, as well as exclusion of a user-defined shape from a displayed geographic area. | 04-25-2013 |
20130103597 | EVALUATING APPRAISALS BY COMPARING THEIR COMPARABLE SALES WITH COMPARABLE SALES SELECTED BY A MODEL - Automatically rating appraisal quality and evaluating comparables listed on the appraisal. A comparable selection model selects control comparables using transaction data and property characteristics relative to a subject from a database. An evaluation model compares the control comparables to the listed comparables to generate a quality rating for the appraisal based on category scores that result from an appraisal evaluation over a set of categories. | 04-25-2013 |
20130132287 | MODEL-BASED SCORING OF COMPARABLE PROPERTIES BASED UPON THEIR APPROPRIATENESS FOR USE AS COMPARABLES FOR A SUBJECT PROPERTY - Automatically rating comparable properties by accessing property data and comparable assessment information, in which a regression is performed, on to model the relationship between the comparable-appropriateness of the property data and explanatory variables. A set of comparable-appropriateness values for each of the plurality of comparable properties based upon differences in the explanatory variables between the subject property and each of the plurality of comparable properties are chosen and an assessment is outputted. | 05-23-2013 |
20130144796 | ASSIGNING CONFIDENCE VALUES TO AUTOMATED PROPERTY VALUATIONS BY USING THE NON-TYPICAL PROPERTY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPERTIES - Automatically assigning confidence ratings to properties valued by an automated valuation model. A value confidence model determines a set of typical property characteristics for properties in a geographic area, automatically determines a deviation from the set of typical property characteristics for a candidate comparable property, and assigns a confidence factor to an automated valuation of the candidate comparable property based upon the deviation. | 06-06-2013 |
20130151422 | RANK AND DISPLAY COMPARABLES WITH USER-ALTERABLE DATA POINTS - Automatically rendering a new valuation for a subject based on real-time property characteristic alterations or manipulations using a comparable selection model. A user alters one or more property characteristics for the subject and the comparable selection model determines a ranked listing of comparable properties for the subject in a given geographical area based on those alterations. The comparables are then displayed in a ranked order that reflects the alterations based on prior data point changes. | 06-13-2013 |
20130179357 | PROPERTY APPRAISAL EVALUATION USING TRAFFIC DATA - A valuation model accounts for traffic features associated with modeled properties, generates listings of model-chosen comparables, and evaluates property appraisals and appraisal-chosen comparables accordingly. In one embodiment, traffic features of homes are used in automated electronic appraising and in the electronic review of appraisals. It first uses GIS techniques to convert traffic features associated with a property into a numeric variable, allowing hedonic price models to measure the price impact of traffic features. This allows traffic features to be used in the automated selection of comparable properties and in the adjusting of comp prices in appraisals. It also allows automated review of appraisals to determine if they fairly accounted for the traffic dimension in the selection of comps and in making any price adjustments. In one example, the automatic valuation uses a regression that models the relationship between price and explanatory variables, with the explanatory variables including traffic feature variables. | 07-11-2013 |
20130238512 | AUTOMATED VALUATION MODEL USING ORDINAL VARIABLES SUCH AS CONDITION AND QUALITY VARIABLES - An automated valuation model that uses condition and quality variables. In response to user queries, the model ranks and displays comparables for a subject property. The comparables are selected based on their similarity to the subject. Data on quality and condition of properties is incorporated into the model and corresponding comparable assessments. For example, the quality and condition inputs may be used in a hedonic adjustment factor model, comparable selection exclusion rules, economic distance calculations, and adjustments for differences between the subject and comparables at comparable selection stage. The comparables may be displayed in ranked order based on the calculated similarities between the properties, with indications of the quality and condition categories, to provide an overall assessment of the comparables as well as displayable indications of the underlying quality and condition categories and related information. The model may also use other ordinal variables and may perform any type of valuation. | 09-12-2013 |
20130339094 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INCLUDING AND EXCLUDING SPECIFIC COMPARABLES - A system and method for automatically accessing property data corresponding to properties within the geographic area and displaying on a display device a map corresponding to said geographic area. Applying a comparable selection model based on a subject to the property data to generate a set of comparable properties, altering the set of comparable properties based on a variation command to generate an altered comparable property set, and displaying on the display device the map with the altered comparable property information. | 12-19-2013 |
20130339255 | AUTOMATED VALUATION MODEL WITH COMPARATIVE VALUE HISTORIES - An automated valuation model and corresponding analysis tool that graphically displays value history information in association with a subject property is disclosed. In one example, the tool generates a graph plotting the valuation history of a subject property over an adjustable time range in relation to a general price index for a pertinent geographical area. When looking at an appraisal for a property, the graph also supports selective plotting of appraiser-selected comparable properties' valuation histories against that of the subject property. The valuation history for comparable properties can be scaled on a pro-rata basis according to the percentage of the adjustments made within the appraisal. In addition, the graph selectively incorporates model-generated comparables and their valuation histories. | 12-19-2013 |
20140063020 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MAPPING AND COMPARING CHOROPLETHIC HOUSING STATISTICS - The present invention relates to a mapping and comparing choroplethic housing statistics. In one example, this comprises accessing property data corresponding to a geospatial area. Analytics are used to generate usable property data statistics from the accessed property data. A thematic map image based on the usable property data statistics is then generated according to comparison categories, so that the thematic map image may be displayed. | 03-06-2014 |
20140074731 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR AUTOMATED DATA DISCREPANCY ANALYSIS - A method for automatic detection of inconsistencies in an appraisal by extracting data from the appraisal to create component data arranged into a predetermined set of categories and selecting a control identifier to trigger a generation of comparison data. Further, through a comparison between the comparison data and the component data, inconsistencies within the appraisal are identified. | 03-13-2014 |
20140074732 | LOCATION DRIVEN APPRAISAL DATA EXTRACTION, PAST APPRAISAL AND VALUE COMPARISON AND COMPARABLE PROPERTY FINDER - A method for location triggered home evaluation for an electronic device that determines a location of the electronic device and identifies a subject property associated with the location. Further, a set of appraisal information for the subject property that includes a listing of comparable properties determined to be appropriate comparable properties for the subject property is requested. | 03-13-2014 |
20140074733 | PHOTOGRAPH INITIATED APPRAISAL PROCESS AND APPLICATION - The present invention relates to photograph initiated property assessment. In one example, an electronic device performs a photograph initiated property assessment by accessing a photographic assessment itinerary that includes a plurality of target portions for the subject property and a set of image capture requirements for each of the plurality of target portions. Further, when performing the initiated property assessment the electronic device prompts a plurality of image capture requests according to the photographic assessment itinerary while displaying a menu that permits the addition of information to the set of image captures. | 03-13-2014 |
20140149297 | AUTOMATED VALUATION MODEL WITH CUSTOMIZABLE NEIGHBORHOOD DETERMINATION - Automated valuation model with customizable neighborhood determination. A map image is displayed corresponding to a geographical area, and then user input accommodates definition of a particularly defined geographic area to provide custom identification of a neighborhood to be subject to automated valuation. Once the defined geographic area is established, the automated valuation model is applied to property data corresponding to properties within the defined geographic area. A subject property and corresponding properties within the defined geographic area are then displayed on a map image, preferably with articulation of the defined geographic area as the neighborhood of interest. The neighborhood may be defined by, among other criteria, inclusion within a user-defined shape, as well as exclusion of a user-defined shape from a displayed geographic area. | 05-29-2014 |
20140279380 | AUTOMATED SEARCHING CREDIT REPORTS TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL DEFAULTERS - A system comprises a device including a memory with a risk detection application installed thereon, wherein the risk detection application detects strategic defaulters by generating a rule set in response to receiving a search query, the rule set including a plurality of rules that respectively identify strategic default characteristics determined to correspond to a potential strategic default status, each of the plurality of rules having a corresponding weight; accessing a record in a database of loan information; applying the plurality of rules to determine whether the strategic default characteristics are respectively represented in the record; calculating a strategic defaulter score for the record using the corresponding weights for those of the plurality of rules that are determined to be represented in the record; and outputting the strategic defaulter score for the record. | 09-18-2014 |
20140279387 | AUTOMATED RISK EVALUATION IN SUPPORT OF END USER DECISIONS - A system comprises a device including a memory with an automated collateral fraud and risk detection application installed thereon, wherein the application evaluates risk in an acquisition in support of end user decisions by accessing at least one database to retrieve documentation corresponding to the acquisition and secondary information corresponding to the documentation, the documentation and secondary information each including data fields; compares the documentation data fields with corresponding secondary information data fields to identify acquisition defects; applies risk heuristics on the acquisition defects to generate a probability estimation for each acquisition defect; and outputs a risk evaluation for the acquisition including a confidence metric based on an aggregation of the probability estimations. | 09-18-2014 |
20140279389 | AUTOMATED DETECTION OF UNDERWRITING SYSTEM MANIPULATION - A system comprises a device including a memory with an automated collateral fraud and risk detection application installed thereon, wherein the application detects receives a plurality of sequential underwriting submissions, compares corresponding data fields of each sequential underwriting submission to identify whether the corresponding data fields include inconsistent information, and determines if the inconsistent information is indicative of the underwriting manipulation. | 09-18-2014 |
20150154663 | PROPERTY APPRAISAL DISCREPANCY DETECTION AND ASSESSMENT - An appraisal error detection method includes accessing a database of appraisal-data-field entries of property appraisals. Because sales transactions are cited repetitively as comparables on multiple appraisals, it is possible to inspect appraisal-data-field entries for consistency. An error detection operation is performed for each of the corresponding appraisal-data-field entries by detecting any discrepancies, both between appraisers, and between different appraisals by the same appraisers, where corresponding appraisal-data-field entries are for a same property characteristic of a same property. Appraisal-data-field entries determined by the error detection operation to be erroneous are flagged, and a discrepancy score may be assigned to flagged erroneous entries that indicates an amount of risk posed by the entry. Appraisals in the database may be assigned a score based upon the sum of their entries' discrepancy scores. | 06-04-2015 |
20150178795 | PERFORMING AUTOMATED APPRAISALS WITH AUTOMATIC DETECTION AND REMEDIATION OF SITUATIONS INVOLVING FAULTY CHARACTERISTICS - Performing automated appraisals with automatic detection and remediation of situations involving faulty characteristics is disclosed. Property information characteristics are extracted from properties listed on electronic appraisals. For a subject property, faulty characteristics include the absence of characteristics, or errors in characteristics. Such faulty characteristics are those that would cause an automated appraisal of the given property to be invalid or unsuitable. In response to the detection of faulty characteristics, interfaces may solicit input addressing the faulty characteristic and upon remediation indicate a clean and complete characteristic set. Thereafter, automated appraisal of the subject property based on the clean characteristic set is initiated to provide an automated valuation of the subject property. | 06-25-2015 |
20150228037 | DYNAMIC GATING FOR AUTOMATED SELECTION OF COMPARABLES - A comparable property selection system and method employs dynamic gating in the selection of comparable properties. When the most restrictive comparable selection algorithm fails to identify enough comparable sales to use as inputs to the downstream analytics processes, the system does not simply expand the pool or solely expand the corresponding geographical area. Instead, the system automatically loosens and tightens property search filters iteratively to expand and shrink the size of a local geographic and economic market to locate comparables that have property characteristics that most closely reflect the real estate market considerations a buyer, or an appraiser acting as a buyer, would evaluate in a heterogeneous market. | 08-13-2015 |
20150302419 | APPRAISAL ADJUSTMENTS SCORING SYSTEM AND METHOD - A system and method for appraisal adjustments scoring rates the quality of adjustments made by appraisers in their appraisals of real property. This is done by accessing a model adjustment database that is based on an automated valuation model and a peer adjustment database that is based on an aggregate of appraiser peers in the same geographic location as the subject property. A comparison is conducted for adjustments made by the appraiser to both model adjustments and peer adjustments to determine discrepancies. When a discrepancy is larger than a threshold, a message or warning may be generated. A sales pool composition database is also accessed to determine a valuation impact of the flagged adjustments given the particular set of comparable sales selected by the appraiser. After data evaluation, a rating score is calculated for the property appraisal based on the number and severity of messages and the valuation impact. | 10-22-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090019376 | Facilitating Communications Between Computer Users Across a Network - A stand-alone icon (i.e., an icon that is not part of an application interface) is provided to facilitate communications across a network between users of at least one communications program. The icon represents a contact or a set of contacts. Status information regarding the contact or set of contacts is received and displayed using the icon or in response to an operation performed on the icon. The icon additionally may provide an interface for performing actions related to the contact or set of contacts. The actions may generally include, for example, retrieving profile information about the contact, setting an alert to indicate that the contact's network/login status (e.g., login, logout, or idle) has changed, or performing communications with the contact. | 01-15-2009 |
20120198013 | FACILITATING COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN COMPUTER USERS ACROSS A NETWORK - A stand-alone icon (i.e., an icon that is not part of an application interface) is provided to facilitate communications across a network between users of at least one communications program. The icon represents a contact or a set of contacts. Status information regarding the contact or set of contacts is received and displayed using the icon or in response to an operation performed on the icon. The icon additionally may provide an interface for performing actions related to the contact or set of contacts. The actions may generally include, for example, retrieving profile information about the contact, setting an alert to indicate that the contact's network/login status (e.g., login, logout, or idle) has changed, or performing communications with the contact. | 08-02-2012 |
20130073633 | FACILITATING COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN COMPUTER USERS ACROSS A NETWORK - A stand-alone icon (i.e., an icon that is not part of an application interface) is provided to facilitate communications across a network between users of at least one communications program. The icon represents a contact or a set of contacts. Status information regarding the contact or set of contacts is received and displayed using the icon or in response to an operation performed on the icon. The icon additionally may provide an interface for performing actions related to the contact or set of contacts. The actions may generally include, for example, retrieving profile information about the contact, setting an alert to indicate that the contact's network/login status (e.g., login, logout, or idle) has changed, or performing communications with the contact. | 03-21-2013 |
20130073973 | FACILITATING COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN COMPUTER USERS ACROSS A NETWORK - A stand-alone icon (i.e., an icon that is not part of an application interface) is provided to facilitate communications across a network between users of at least one communications program. The icon represents a contact or a set of contacts. Status information regarding the contact or set of contacts is received and displayed using the icon or in response to an operation performed on the icon. The icon additionally may provide an interface for performing actions related to the contact or set of contacts. The actions may generally include, for example, retrieving profile information about the contact, setting an alert to indicate that the contact's network/login status (e.g., login, logout, or idle) has changed, or performing communications with the contact. | 03-21-2013 |
20150113419 | FACILITATING COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN COMPUTER USERS ACROSS A NETWORK - A stand-alone icon (i.e., an icon that is not part of an application interface) is provided to facilitate communications across a network between users of at least one communications program. The icon represents a contact or a set of contacts. Status information regarding the contact or set of contacts is received and displayed using the icon or in response to an operation performed on the icon. The icon additionally may provide an interface for performing actions related to the contact or set of contacts. The actions may generally include, for example, retrieving profile information about the contact, setting an alert to indicate that the contact's network/login status (e.g., login, logout, or idle) has changed, or performing communications with the contact. | 04-23-2015 |
20150121237 | FACILITATING COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN COMPUTER USERS ACROSS A NETWORK - A stand-alone icon (i.e., an icon that is not part of an application interface) is provided to facilitate communications across a network between users of at least one communications program. The icon represents a contact or a set of contacts. Status information regarding the contact or set of contacts is received and displayed using the icon or in response to an operation performed on the icon. The icon additionally may provide an interface for performing actions related to the contact or set of contacts. The actions may generally include, for example, retrieving profile information about the contact, setting an alert to indicate that the contact's network/login status (e.g., login, logout, or idle) has changed, or performing communications with the contact. | 04-30-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120206012 | ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES AND METHODS FOR FABRICATION OF THE SAME - A fabricated electromechanical device is disclosed herein. An exemplary device includes, a substrate, at least one layer of a high-transconductance material separated from the substrate by a dielectric medium, a first electrode in electrical contact with the at least one layer of a high-transconductance material and separated from the substrate by at least one first supporting member, a second electrode in electrical contact with the layer of a high-transconductance material and separated from the substrate by at least one second supporting member, where the first electrode is electrically separate from the second electrode, and a third electrode separated from the at least one layer of high-transconductance material by a dielectric medium and separated from each of the first electrode and the second electrode by a dielectric medium. | 08-16-2012 |
20130133031 | Retention Based Intrinsic Fingerprint Identification Featuring A Fuzzy Algorithm and a Dynamic Key - A random intrinsic chip ID generation employs a retention fail signature. A 1 | 05-23-2013 |
20140100807 | CHIP AUTHENTICATION USING MULTI-DOMAIN INTRINSIC IDENTIFIERS - Embodiments of the present invention provide a chip authentication system using multi-domain intrinsic identifiers. Multiple intrinsic identifiers taken from multiple domains (areas or sections of the chip) are compared against the intrinsic identifiers collected during the manufacture of the chip. If at least one intrinsic identifier matches those collected during manufacture, the chip may be designated as authentic. | 04-10-2014 |
20140165141 | SELF-AUTHENTICATING CHIP - Embodiments of the present invention provide an authenticating service of a chip having an intrinsic identifier (ID). In a typical embodiment, an authenticating device is provided that includes an identification (ID) engine, a self-test engine, and an intrinsic component. The intrinsic component is associated with a chip and includes an intrinsic feature. The self-test engine retrieves the intrinsic feature and communicates it to the identification engine. The identification engine receives the intrinsic feature, generates a first authentication value using the intrinsic feature, and stores the authentication value in memory. The self-test engine generates a second authentication value using an authentication challenge. The identification engine includes a compare circuitry that compares the first authentication value and the second authentication value and generates an authentication output value based on the results of the compare of the two values. | 06-12-2014 |
20140319600 | TSV Structure With A Built-In U-Shaped FET Transistor For Improved Characterization - A through-the silicon via (TSV) structure providing a built-in TSV U-shaped FET that includes an annular gate shaped as a TSV partially embedded in a substrate, the annular gate having an inner and an outer surface bound by an oxide layer; a drain formed on an isolated epitaxial layer on top of the substrate conformally connecting the gate oxide layer surrounding the inner annular surface of the TSV; a source partially contacting said gate oxide layer conformally contacting gate oxide layer surrounding the outer surface of the TSV. | 10-30-2014 |
20150163211 | UNCLONABLE ID BASED CHIP-TO-CHIP COMMUNICATION - A first copy of an intrinsic ID of a first node may be stored on a second node. The first node may receive a challenge that causes it to generate a second copy of its intrinsic ID. The second copy and a random value may be used as inputs of a function to generate a first code. The first code is transmitted to the second node. The second node decodes the first code using its local copies of the random value and/or the intrinsic ID. The second node checks the decoded information against its local information and authenticates the first node if there is a match. | 06-11-2015 |
20150186639 | SELF-AUTHENTICATING CHIP - Embodiments of the present invention provide an authenticating service of a chip having an intrinsic identifier (ID). In a typical embodiment, an authenticating device is provided that includes an identification (ID) engine, a self-test engine, and an intrinsic component. The intrinsic component is associated with a chip and includes an intrinsic feature. The self-test engine retrieves the intrinsic feature and communicates it to the identification engine. The identification engine receives the intrinsic feature, generates a first authentication value using the intrinsic feature, and stores the authentication value in memory. The self-test engine generates a second authentication value using an authentication challenge. The identification engine includes a compare circuitry that compares the first authentication value and the second authentication value and generates an authentication output value based on the results of the compare of the two values. | 07-02-2015 |
20150278551 | PHYSICALLY UNCLONABLE FUSE USING A NOR TYPE MEMORY ARRAY - A method for identifying an unclonable chip uses hardware intrinsic keys and authentication responses employing intrinsic parameters of memory cells invariant and unique to the unclonable chip, wherein intrinsic parameters that characterize the chip can extend over its lifetime. The memory cells having a charge-trap behavior are arranged in an NOR type memory array, allowing to create a physically unclonable fuse (PUF) generation using non-programmed memory cells, while stringing non-volatile bits in programmed memory cells. The non-volatile memory cell bits are used for error-correction-code (ECC) for the generated PUF. The invention can further include a public identification using non-volatile bits, allowing hand shaking authentication using computer with dynamic challenge. | 10-01-2015 |
20150349967 | ENCRYPTION ENGINE WITH TWIN CELL MEMORY ARRAY - Described are a hardware encryption engine, and secret key registration and authentication system recoverable binary bit using knowing an initial secret key stored in the master system. The secret key is overwritten in each authentication, updating it to the master and encryption engine independently. The secret key over write command can be preferably given to the chip as a CHG, and the non recoverable binary bit from the sense amplifier is used for response. | 12-03-2015 |