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| 20100022099 | METHOD OF FORMING NON-CONFORMAL LAYERS - In one aspect, non-conformal layers are formed by variations of plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition, where one or more of pulse duration, separation, RF power on-time, reactant concentration, pressure and electrode spacing are varied from true self-saturating reactions to operate in a depletion-effect mode. Deposition thus takes place close to the substrate surface but is controlled to terminate after reaching a specified distance into openings (e.g., deep DRAM trenches, pores, etc.). Reactor configurations that are suited to such modulation include showerhead, in situ plasma reactors, particularly with adjustable electrode spacing. In another aspect, alternately and sequentially contacting a substrate, the substrate including openings, with at least two different reactants, wherein an under-saturated dose of at least one of the reactants has been predetermined and the under-saturated dose is provided uniformly across the substrate surface, deposits a film that less than fully covers surfaces of the openings, leading to depletion effects in less accessible regions on the substrate surface | 01-28-2010 |
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| 20090035949 | METHOD OF DEPOSITING RARE EARTH OXIDE THIN FILMS - The present invention concerns a process for depositing rare earth oxide thin films, especially yttrium, lanthanum and gadolinium oxide thin films by an ALD process, according to which invention the source chemicals are cyclopentadienyl compounds or rare earth metals, especially those of yttrium, lanthanum and gadolinium. Suitable deposition temperatures for yttrium oxide are between 200 and 400° C. when the deposition pressure is between 1 and 50 mbar. Most suitable deposition temperatures for lanthanum oxide are between 160 and 165° C. when the deposition pressure is between 1 and 50 mbar. | 02-05-2009 |
| 20090269941 | PLASMA-ENHANCED DEPOSITION PROCESS FOR FORMING A METAL OXIDE THIN FILM AND RELATED STRUCTURES - Methods of forming metal oxide thin films and related structures are provided. One embodiment of the methods includes conducting a plurality of cycles of deposition on a substrate. Each cycle includes supplying oxygen gas and an inert gas into a reaction space substantially continuously during the cycle. A metal precursor is supplied into the reaction space for a first duration. The metal precursor is a cyclopentadienyl compound of the metal. After the metal precursor is supplied, the continuously flowing oxygen gas is activated for a second duration to generate a plasma in the reaction space. The cycle is conducted at a temperature below about 400° C. The methods can be performed after forming a structure on the substrate, wherein the structure is formed of a material which is physically and/or chemically unstable at a high temperature. | 10-29-2009 |
| 20100022099 | METHOD OF FORMING NON-CONFORMAL LAYERS - In one aspect, non-conformal layers are formed by variations of plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition, where one or more of pulse duration, separation, RF power on-time, reactant concentration, pressure and electrode spacing are varied from true self-saturating reactions to operate in a depletion-effect mode. Deposition thus takes place close to the substrate surface but is controlled to terminate after reaching a specified distance into openings (e.g., deep DRAM trenches, pores, etc.). Reactor configurations that are suited to such modulation include showerhead, in situ plasma reactors, particularly with adjustable electrode spacing. In another aspect, alternately and sequentially contacting a substrate, the substrate including openings, with at least two different reactants, wherein an under-saturated dose of at least one of the reactants has been predetermined and the under-saturated dose is provided uniformly across the substrate surface, deposits a film that less than fully covers surfaces of the openings, leading to depletion effects in less accessible regions on the substrate surface | 01-28-2010 |
| 20120098107 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THIN-FILM DEPOSITION OF METAL OXIDES USING EXCITED NITROGEN-OXYGEN SPECIES - The present invention relates to a process and system for depositing a thin film onto a substrate. One aspect of the invention is depositing a thin film metal oxide layer using atomic layer deposition (ALD). | 04-26-2012 |
| 20130292807 | Semiconductor Device Dielectric Interface Layer - Embodiments related to methods for forming a film stack on a substrate are provided. One example method comprises exposing the substrate to an activated oxygen species and converting an exposed surface of the substrate into a continuous monolayer of a first dielectric material. The example method also includes forming a second dielectric material on the continuous monolayer of the first dielectric material without exposing the substrate to an air break. | 11-07-2013 |
| 20140027884 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GAS-PHASE SULFUR PASSIVATION OF A SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACE - Improved methods and systems for passivating a surface of a high-mobility semiconductor and structures and devices formed using the methods are disclosed. The method includes providing a high-mobility semiconductor surface to a chamber of a reactor and exposing the high-mobility semiconductor surface to a gas-phase sulfur precursor to passivate the high-mobility semiconductor surface. | 01-30-2014 |
| 20140322862 | METHOD OF MAKING A RESISTIVE RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY DEVICE WITH METAL-DOPED RESISTIVE SWITCHING LAYER - A method for forming a resistive random access memory (RRAM) device is disclosed. The method comprises forming a first electrode, forming a resistive switching oxide layer comprising a metal oxide by thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD), doping the resistive switching oxide layer with a metal dopant different from metal forming the metal oxide, and forming a second electrode by thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD), where the resistive switching layer is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. In some embodiments, forming the resistive switching oxide may be performed without exposing a surface of the switching oxide layer to a surface-modifying plasma treatment after depositing the metal oxide. | 10-30-2014 |
| 20140322885 | METHOD OF MAKING A RESISTIVE RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY DEVICE - A method for forming a resistive random access memory (RRAM) device is disclosed. The method comprises forming a first electrode, forming a resistive switching oxide layer comprising a metal oxide by thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) and forming a second electrode by thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD), where the resistive switching layer is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. Forming the resistive switching oxide may be performed without exposing a surface of the switching oxide layer to a surface-modifying plasma treatment after depositing the metal oxide. | 10-30-2014 |
| 20150017319 | METHOD AND SYSTEM TO REDUCE OUTGASSING IN A REACTION CHAMBER - Systems and methods of reducing outgassing of a substance within a reaction chamber of a reactor are disclosed. Exemplary methods include depositing a barrier layer within the reaction chamber and using a scavenging precursor to react with species on a surface of the reaction chamber. Exemplary systems include gas-phase deposition systems, such as atomic layer deposition systems, which include a barrier layer source and/or a scavenging precursor source fluidly coupled to a reaction chamber of the system. | 01-15-2015 |
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| 20110031156 | SOLVENT-RESISTANT LIQUID PACKAGING BOARD, ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD AND USE, AND A DRINKING CUP MADE OF THE SAME - The invention relates to a polymer-coated, heat-sealable liquid packaging board that resists solvents, such as strong alcoholic drinks, to a method of manufacturing the same and to a drinking cup made of the same. In the invention, resistance to solvents is achieved by lowering the raw edge penetration to the board. For this, the fibre base of the board contains at least 1.3 kg of hydrophobic size containing alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) per 1 tonne of dry matter, and at least 1.0 kg of wet-strength size per 1 tonne of dry matter, the density of the fibre base is 630-800 kg/m3 and the amount of heat-sealable polymer in the top layer is higher than the Bristow wheel roughness volume of the uncoated fibre base and/or at least 14 g/m2. When manufacturing the board, the AKD size, the length of the carbon chain of which is preferably at least C18, and the wet-strength size, such as polyamidoamine epichlorohydrin resin (PAAE), are added into the stock on the wire of the paper or board machine or before the same. At the same time, the pH of the tail water is adjusted so as to be alkaline, preferably to a value of over 9, whereby the pH of the water extract of the obtained board is in the order of about 7 or more. The drinking cup made of the board resists an ethanol solution of 30% by weight at 23° C. for at least 1 h. | 02-10-2011 |
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| 20110031156 | SOLVENT-RESISTANT LIQUID PACKAGING BOARD, ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD AND USE, AND A DRINKING CUP MADE OF THE SAME - The invention relates to a polymer-coated, heat-sealable liquid packaging board that resists solvents, such as strong alcoholic drinks, to a method of manufacturing the same and to a drinking cup made of the same. In the invention, resistance to solvents is achieved by lowering the raw edge penetration to the board. For this, the fibre base of the board contains at least 1.3 kg of hydrophobic size containing alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) per 1 tonne of dry matter, and at least 1.0 kg of wet-strength size per 1 tonne of dry matter, the density of the fibre base is 630-800 kg/m3 and the amount of heat-sealable polymer in the top layer is higher than the Bristow wheel roughness volume of the uncoated fibre base and/or at least 14 g/m2. When manufacturing the board, the AKD size, the length of the carbon chain of which is preferably at least C18, and the wet-strength size, such as polyamidoamine epichlorohydrin resin (PAAE), are added into the stock on the wire of the paper or board machine or before the same. At the same time, the pH of the tail water is adjusted so as to be alkaline, preferably to a value of over 9, whereby the pH of the water extract of the obtained board is in the order of about 7 or more. The drinking cup made of the board resists an ethanol solution of 30% by weight at 23° C. for at least 1 h. | 02-10-2011 |
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| 20100270076 | METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR SMALL-CHARGE BLASTING - A method for small-charge blasting, and a rock drilling unit used therein. By means of a rock drilling machine of the rock drilling unit, a drill hole is first drilled into material to be excavated, after which one or more cartridges comprising a propellant charge are fed through a drilling tool onto the bottom of the drill hole. The drilling unit comprises a cartridge feed station, which is separate from the rock drilling machine and from which the cartridges may be fed into a longitudinal channel in the drilling tool. | 10-28-2010 |
| 20100275801 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SMALL-CHARGE BLASTING - A method of small-charge blasting, a rock drilling unit and a front guide to be used therein. By means of a rock drill machine provided in the rock drilling unit, a hole is first drilled into a material to be excavated and, subsequently, a drilling tool is pulled out of the hole. Next, one or more propellants comprising a propellant charge are fed to the bottom of the hole through a propellant feed channel provided in connection with a feed beam. Then, the hole is sealed and the propellant is ignited, whereupon a high gas pressure is generated, which causes fractioning in the material to be excavated. During the feeding and ignition of the propellant, the rock drill machine is kept in a parallel direction with respect to the hole. | 11-04-2010 |
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| 20100270076 | METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR SMALL-CHARGE BLASTING - A method for small-charge blasting, and a rock drilling unit used therein. By means of a rock drilling machine of the rock drilling unit, a drill hole is first drilled into material to be excavated, after which one or more cartridges comprising a propellant charge are fed through a drilling tool onto the bottom of the drill hole. The drilling unit comprises a cartridge feed station, which is separate from the rock drilling machine and from which the cartridges may be fed into a longitudinal channel in the drilling tool. | 10-28-2010 |
| 20100275801 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SMALL-CHARGE BLASTING - A method of small-charge blasting, a rock drilling unit and a front guide to be used therein. By means of a rock drill machine provided in the rock drilling unit, a hole is first drilled into a material to be excavated and, subsequently, a drilling tool is pulled out of the hole. Next, one or more propellants comprising a propellant charge are fed to the bottom of the hole through a propellant feed channel provided in connection with a feed beam. Then, the hole is sealed and the propellant is ignited, whereupon a high gas pressure is generated, which causes fractioning in the material to be excavated. During the feeding and ignition of the propellant, the rock drill machine is kept in a parallel direction with respect to the hole. | 11-04-2010 |
