Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080299582 | Culture System for Rapid Expansion of Human Embryonic Stem Cells - This disclosure provides an improved system for culturing human pluripotent stem cells. Traditionally, pluripotent stem cells are cultured on a layer of feeder cells (such as mouse embryonic fibroblasts) to prevent them from differentiating. In the system described here, the role of feeder cells is replaced by components added to the culture environment that support rapid proliferation without differentiation. Effective features are a suitable support structure for the cells, and an effective medium that can be added fresh to the culture without being preconditioned by another cell type. Culturing human embryonic stem cells in fresh medium according to this invention causes the cells to expand surprisingly rapidly, while retaining the ability to differentiate into cells representing all three embryonic germ layers. This new culture system allows for bulk proliferation of pPS cells for commercial production of important products for use in drug screening and human therapy. | 12-04-2008 |
20090136955 | Protocols for making hepatocytes from embryonic stem cells - This disclosure provides a newly developed strategy and particular options for differentiating pluripotent stem cells into cells of the hepatocyte lineage. Many of the protocols are based on a strategy in which the cells are first differentiated into early germ layer cells, then into hepatocyte precursors, and then into mature cells. The cells obtained have morphological features and phenotypic markers characteristic of human adult hepatocytes. They also show evidence of cytochrome p450 enzyme activity, validating their utility for commercial applications such as drug screening, or use in the manufacture of medicaments and medical devices for clinical therapy. | 05-28-2009 |
20090263835 | Genes that are Up- or Down-Regulated During Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells - Genes that are up- or down-regulated during differentiation provide important leverage by which to characterize and manipulate early-stage pluripotent stem cells. Over 35,000 unique transcripts have been amplified and sequenced from undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells, and three types of differentiated progeny. Statistical analysis of the assembled transcripts identified genes that alter expression levels as differentiation proceeds. The expression profile provides a marker system that has been used to identify particular culture components for maintaining the undifferentiated phenotype. The gene products can also be used to promote differentiation; to assess other relatively undifferentiated cells (such as cancer cells); to control gene expression; or to separate cells having desirable characteristics. Manipulation of particular genes can be used to forestall or focus the differentiation process, en route to producing a specialized homogenous cell population suitable for human therapy. | 10-22-2009 |
20100144033 | Suspension Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells - This disclosure provides an improved system for culturing human embryonic stem cells. The cells are cultured in suspension so as to maximize the production capacity of the culture environment. The new culture system of this invention allows for bulk proliferation of hES cells in a more cost-effective manner, which facilitates commercial production of important products for use in human therapy. | 06-10-2010 |
20100203633 | Culture System for Rapid Expansion of Human Embryonic Stem Cells - This disclosure provides an improved system for culturing human pluripotent stem cells. Traditionally, pluripotent stem cells are cultured on a layer of feeder cells (such as mouse embryonic fibroblasts) to prevent them from differentiating. In the system described here, the role of feeder cells is replaced by components added to the culture environment that support rapid proliferation without differentiation. Effective features are a suitable support structure for the cells, and an effective medium that can be added fresh to the culture without being preconditioned by another cell type. Culturing human embryonic stem cells in fresh medium according to this invention causes the cells to expand surprisingly rapidly, while retaining the ability to differentiate into cells representing all three embryonic germ layers. This new culture system allows for bulk proliferation of pPS cells for commercial production of important products for use in drug screening and human therapy. | 08-12-2010 |
20100317101 | Culture System for Rapid Expansion of Human Embryonic Stem Cells - This disclosure provides an improved system for culturing human pluripotent stem cells. Traditionally, pluripotent stem cells are cultured on a layer of feeder cells (such as mouse embryonic fibroblasts) to prevent them from differentiating. In the system described here, the role of feeder cells is replaced by components added to the culture environment that support rapid proliferation without differentiation. Effective features are a suitable support structure for the cells, and an effective medium that can be added fresh to the culture without being preconditioned by another cell type. Culturing human embryonic stem cells in fresh medium according to this invention causes the cells to expand surprisingly rapidly, while retaining the ability to differentiate into cells representing all three embryonic germ layers. This new culture system allows for bulk proliferation of pPS cells for commercial production of important products for use in drug screening and human therapy. | 12-16-2010 |
20120149025 | Screening Methods for Human Embryonic Stem Cells - This disclosure provides an improved system for culturing human pluripotent stem cells. Traditionally, pluripotent stem cells are cultured on a layer of feeder cells (such as mouse embryonic fibroblasts) to prevent them from differentiating. In the system described here, the role of feeder cells is replaced by components added to the culture environment that support rapid proliferation without differentiation. Effective features are a suitable support structure for the cells, and an effective medium that can be added fresh to the culture without being preconditioned by another cell type. Culturing human embryonic stem cells in fresh medium according to this invention causes the cells to expand surprisingly rapidly, while retaining the ability to differentiate into cells representing all three embryonic germ layers. This new culture system allows for bulk proliferation of pPS cells for commercial production of important products for use in drug screening and human therapy. | 06-14-2012 |
20140106343 | Protocols For Making Hepatocytes From Embryonic Stem Cells - This disclosure provides a newly developed strategy and particular options for differentiating pluripotent stem cells into cells of the hepatocyte lineage. Many of the protocols are based on a strategy in which the cells are first differentiated into early germ layer cells, then into hepatocyte precursors, and then into mature cells. The cells obtained have morphological features and phenotypic markers characteristic of human adult hepatocytes. They also show evidence of cytochrome p450 enzyme activity, validating their utility for commercial applications such as drug screening, or use in the manufacture of medicaments and medical devices for clinical therapy. | 04-17-2014 |
20140302600 | PRIMATE PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL EXPANSION WITHOUT FEEDER CELLS AND IN THE PRESENCE OF FGF AND MATRIGEL OR ENGELBRETH-HOLM-SWARM TUMOR CELL PREAPARATION - This disclosure provides an improved system for culturing human pluripotent stem cells. Traditionally, pluripotent stem cells are cultured on a layer of feeder cells (such as mouse embryonic fibroblasts) to prevent them from differentiating. In the system described here, the role of feeder cells is replaced by components added to the culture environment that support rapid proliferation without differentiation. Effective features are a suitable support structure for the cells, and an effective medium that can be added fresh to the culture without being preconditioned by another cell type. Culturing human embryonic stem cells in fresh medium according to this invention causes the cells to expand surprisingly rapidly, while retaining the ability to differentiate into cells representing all three embryonic germ layers. This new culture system allows for bulk proliferation of pPS cells for commercial production of important products for use in drug screening and human therapy. | 10-09-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090096882 | Optical Imaging Systems And Methods Utilizing Nonlinear And/Or Spatially Varying Image Processing - Systems and methods include optics having one or more phase modifying elements that modify wavefront phase to introduce image attributes into an optical image. A detector converts the optical image to electronic data while maintaining the image attributes. A signal processor subdivides the electronic data into one or more data sets, classifies the data sets, and independently processes the data sets to form processed electronic data. The processing may optionally be nonlinear. Other imaging systems and methods include optics having one or more phase modifying elements that modify wavefront phase to form an optical image. A detector generates electronic data having one or more image attributes that are dependent on characteristics of the phase modifying elements and/or the detector. A signal processor subdivides the electronic data into one or more data sets, classifies the data sets and independently processes the data sets to form processed electronic data. | 04-16-2009 |
20100272327 | Task-Based Imaging Systems - A method for generating an output image of a scene is disclosed. A detector of a task-based imaging system includes a plurality of pixels, and the scene includes at least one object located at a given object distance within a range of object distances between the object and the imaging system. The method includes capturing a high resolution image of the scene, converting the high resolution image into an image spectrum of the scene, determining a defocused optical transfer function (OTF) of the imaging system over the range of object distances and determining a pixel modulation transfer function (MTF) over the plurality of pixels. The method also includes multiplying the image spectrum with the OTF and the MTF to generate a modified image spectrum of the scene, converting the modified image spectrum into a modified image of the scene, and generating the output image from the modified image. | 10-28-2010 |
20100278390 | Task-based imaging systems - A task-based imaging system for obtaining data regarding a scene for use in a task includes an image data capturing arrangement for (a) imaging a wavefront of electromagnetic energy from the scene to an intermediate image over a range of spatial frequencies, (b) modifying phase of the wavefront, (c) detecting the intermediate image, and (d) generating image data over the range of spatial frequencies. The task-based imaging system also includes an image data processing arrangement for processing the image data and performing the task. The image data capturing and image data processing arrangements cooperate so that signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the task-based imaging system is greater than SNR of the task-based imaging system without phase modification of the wavefront over the range of spatial frequencies. | 11-04-2010 |
20110176708 | Task-Based Imaging Systems - A task-based imaging system for obtaining data regarding a scene for use in a task includes an image data capturing arrangement for (a) imaging a wavefront of electromagnetic energy from the scene to an intermediate image over a range of spatial frequencies, (b) modifying phase of the wavefront, (c) detecting the intermediate image, and (d) generating image data over the range of spatial frequencies. The task-based imaging system also includes an image data processing arrangement for processing the image data and performing the task. The image data capturing and image data processing arrangements cooperate so that signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the task-based imaging system is greater than SNR of the task-based imaging system without phase modification of the wavefront over the range of spatial frequencies. | 07-21-2011 |
20120113287 | Optical Imaging Systems And Methods Utilizing Nonlinear And/Or Spatially Varying Image Processing - Systems and methods include optics having one or more phase modifying elements that modify wavefront phase to introduce image attributes into an optical image. A detector converts the optical image to electronic data while maintaining the image attributes. A signal processor subdivides the electronic data into one or more data sets, classifies the data sets, and independently processes the data sets to form processed electronic data. The processing may optionally be nonlinear. Other imaging systems and methods include optics having one or more phase modifying elements that modify wavefront phase to form an optical image. A detector generates electronic data having one or more image attributes that are dependent on characteristics of the phase modifying elements and/or the detector. A signal processor subdivides the electronic data into one or more data sets, classifies the data sets and independently processes the data sets to form processed electronic data. | 05-10-2012 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110064013 | COLLISION MITIGATION FOR MULTICAST TRANSMISSION IN WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS - A method and apparatus are described including multicasting a medium reservation message, receiving responses to the medium reservation message and determining if a ratio of the received responses to an expected number of responses exceeds a threshold. Also described are a method and apparatus including receiving a medium reservation message, determining if the medium reservation message specifies this receiver in a list of receivers from which a response is requested, determining if a medium is idle and transmitting the response to the medium reservation message responsive to the second determination. | 03-17-2011 |
20110069628 | CONTENTION BASED MEDIUM RESERVATION FOR MULTICAST TRANSMISSION IN WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS - A method and apparatus are described including multicasting a medium reservation message and receiving a response to the medium reservation message. Also described are a method and apparatus including receiving a medium reservation message, determining if a medium is idle and transmitting a response to the medium reservation message responsive to the determination. Further described are a method and apparatus including receiving a medium reservation message, determining if a received network allocation vector in the medium reservation message has a value greater than a current network allocation vector, determining if transmission over a medium during a time interval is detected and resetting the current network allocation vector responsive to the determination of transmission. Yet further described are a method and apparatus including receiving a response to a medium reservation message, determining if a network allocation vector in the response is greater than a current network allocation vector and updating the current network allocation vector responsive to the determination. | 03-24-2011 |
20110080977 | Apparatus for multicast transmissions in wireless local area networks - Message formats and apparatus are described that serve to reserve access to a communication medium in a multi-cast system. A first message, a multicast request-to-send message, includes a duration field having information representing the reserved time for a communication medium, a multicast receiver address field, a multicast transmitter address field, a field that identifies the number of slots for a clear-to-send response, and a field that identifies the number slots for a not-clear-to-send response. A second message includes a duration field, and a multicast receive address field. The second message has a format that can be used as one of a clear-to-send message in response to a multicast request-to-send message, a cancel-clear-to-send message that cancels a data transmission after the clear-to-send message is sent, and a not-clear-to-send message in response to the multicast request-to-send message. | 04-07-2011 |
20110096710 | APPARATUS FOR REQUESTING ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND TRANSMITTING ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF MULTICAST DATA IN WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS - A signal and apparatus for receiving the signal are described wherein the signal includes a duration field, a multi-cast receiver address field, a transmitter address field, a block acknowledgment request control field, a block acknowledgment request information field and an information field. Also described are a signal and apparatus for transmitting the signal wherein the signal includes a duration field, a multicast receiver address field, a transmitter address field, a block acknowledgment control field and a block acknowledgment information field. | 04-28-2011 |
20110096711 | APPARATUS FOR COLLISION MITIGATION OF MULTICAST TRANSMISSIONS IN WIRELESS NETWORKS - Message formats and apparatus are described that reserve access to a communication medium in a multicast system. A first message, a multicast request-to-send message, includes a duration field having information representing the reserved time for a communication medium, multicast receiver and transmitter address fields, and bits that specifies a destination that is expected to reply to the multicast digital message. The bits that specify a destination can be extended to a plurality of fields that each contain different destination identifiers. Example destination identifiers include association identifiers or media access control addresses. Alternately, the bits that specify a destination can have a first field containing an offset and a second field indicating destinations with respect to the offset. A second message includes a duration field and multicast receiver and transmitter address fields. The second message is used to cancel a data transmission resulting from a multicast request-to-send message. | 04-28-2011 |
20110116435 | Method and System for acknowledgement and retransmission of multicast data in wireless local area networks - A method and apparatus are described including multicasting a plurality of data units and multicasting a request for acknowledging receipt of the plurality of data units, receiving signals responsive to the request. Also described are a method and apparatus including receiving a multicast request to acknowledge receipt of data, determining if a response to the request is required, determining status of the data, preparing the response based on the determining acts and transmitting the response. | 05-19-2011 |
20110167291 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL IN WIRELESS NETWORKS - A method and apparatus are described including receiving, by a transmitter, a report from an associated client, setting and using a downlink transmit power level responsive to the report for data transmissions to the associated client, determining a downlink data loss rate and adjusting the downlink transmit power level responsive to the downlink data loss rate, wherein said report includes received signal strength, client transmit power level and one of link margin and receiver sensitivity. Also described are a method and apparatus including receiving, by a receiver, a request for a report, transmitting the requested report, receiving an instruction to use an uplink transmit power level, setting and using the uplink transmit power level, determining an uplink data loss rate and adjusting the uplink transmit power level responsive to the uplink data loss rate, wherein said report includes said received signal strength, client transmit power level and one of said link margin and said receiver sensitivity. | 07-07-2011 |
20110292897 | Channel Selection Method For Wireless Networks - A method and apparatus are described including categorizing each channel into one of four categories, selecting a channel from a first category of channels, if there are any channels in the first category of channels, selecting a channel from a second category of channels, if there are any channels in the second category of channels and selecting a channel from a third category of channels, if there are any channels in the third category of channels. | 12-01-2011 |
20110292898 | Centralized channel selection method and apparatus for wireless networks in a dense deployment environment - A method and apparatus are described including scanning a channel, generating a report for the scanned channel, transmitting the channel report to an associated access point and receiving a channel assignment responsive to said channel report. Also described are a method and apparatus including scanning a channel, generating a first channel report, receiving a second channel report from an associated client, transmitting the first channel report and the second channel report to a server, receiving a channel assignment message from the server responsive to the first and second channel reports and transmitting the channel assignment message to the associated client. Further described are a method and apparatus including receiving a channel report from an associated access point, building an interference graph responsive to the channel report, determining channel assignments based on the interference graph and transmitting a channel assignment message to the associated access point. | 12-01-2011 |
20120057515 | MULTIPOINT RELAY SET SELECTION METHODS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO MULTICAST CHANNEL RESERVATION IN OVERLAPPING BASIC SERVICE SETS IN WIRELESS NETWORKS - A method and apparatus are described including communicating with neighbor nodes in a wireless network, determining one-hop neighbor nodes and two-hop neighbor nodes responsive to the communication, determining a minimum multipoint relay set responsive to the first working channel determination and communicating over the wireless network using the minimum multipoint relay set. | 03-08-2012 |
20120170445 | EFFICIENT APPLICATION-LAYER AUTOMATIC REPEAT REQUEST RETRANSMISSION METHOD FOR RELIABLE REAL-TIME DATA STREAMING IN NETWORKS - A method and apparatus are described including buffering data to be transmitted, transmitting data retrieved from a buffer via a datagram protocol, receiving a request for retransmission of data, determining if the requested data is in the buffer and retransmitting the requested data via a protocol that provides end-to-end acknowledgement of data and error recovery. | 07-05-2012 |
20120300663 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RETRANSMISSION DECISION MAKING - A method and apparatus are described including parsing an abstraction-layer header and assigning a priority to a packet to be transmitted. A network monitor of a transmitter is connected between a network interface and a retransmission decision maker for deciding which packets to retransmit, for example, based on the assigned priority and collected network statistics or conditions, for example, packet loss rate. A network monitor may also be provided at a receiver for collecting current network statistics such as cumulative number of packets lost and for providing such statistics to a transmitter. The method further includes buffering the data to be transmitted along with the assigned priority, transmitting data retrieved from a buffer via a datagram protocol, receiving a request for retransmission of data, determining if the requested data is in the buffer and retransmitting the requested data via a protocol that provides end-to-end acknowledgement of data and error recovery. | 11-29-2012 |
20130003579 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PARSING A NETWORK ABSTRACTION-LAYER FOR RELIABLE DATA COMMUNICATION - A method and apparatus are described including parsing an abstraction-layer header, assigning a priority to a packet to be transmitted, buffering the data to be transmitted, transmitting data retrieved from a buffer via a datagram protocol, receiving a request for retransmission of data, determining if the requested data is in the buffer and retransmitting the requested data via a protocol that provides end-to-end acknowledgement of data and error recovery. A network monitor of a transmitter is connected between a network interface and a retransmission decision maker for deciding which packets to retransmit, for example, based on the assigned priority and collected network statistics. A network monitor may also be provided at a receiver for collecting current network statistics and reporting them to transmitter. | 01-03-2013 |
20130010597 | COEXISTENCE OF MULTIPLE WIRELESS NETWORKS - Described herein are a method and apparatus including calculating an aggregate peak total traffic demand for all overlapping access points in an interference range, comparing the aggregate peak total traffic demand to a threshold, rejecting a requested new quality of service traffic stream responsive to results of the comparison, calculating a peak total traffic demand for each overlapping access point in the interference range if the requested new quality of service traffic stream is admissible responsive to results of the comparison, comparing the peak total traffic demand for each overlapping access point in the interference range, if the requested new quality of service traffic stream is admissible, to the threshold and one of accepting the requested new quality of service traffic stream and rejecting the requested new quality of service traffic stream responsive to results of the second comparison. | 01-10-2013 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120137102 | CONSUMER APPROACH BASED MEMORY BUFFER OPTIMIZATION FOR MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS - A multimedia storage method is provided in which the memory allocations to applications are just the sufficient or right amount and do not over allocate or waste memory resources, thereby ensuring that other applications that need memory can operate properly and efficiently. | 05-31-2012 |
20140010144 | COLLISION MITIGATION FOR MULTICAST TRANSMISSION IN WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS - A method and apparatus are described including multicasting a medium reservation message, receiving responses to the medium reservation message and determining if a ratio of the received responses to an expected number of responses exceeds a threshold. Also described are a method and apparatus including receiving a medium reservation message, determining if the medium reservation message specifies this receiver in a list of receivers from which a response is requested, determining if a medium is idle and transmitting the response to the medium reservation message responsive to the second determination. | 01-09-2014 |
20140036845 | CENTRALIZED CHANNEL SELECTION METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS NETWORKS IN A DENSE DEPLOYMENT ENVIRONMENT - A method and apparatus are described including scanning a channel, generating a report for the scanned channel, transmitting the channel report to an associated access point and receiving a channel assignment responsive to said channel report. Also described are a method and apparatus including scanning a channel, generating a first channel report, receiving a second channel report from an associated client, transmitting the first channel report and the second channel report to a server, receiving a channel assignment message from the server responsive to the first and second channel reports and transmitting the channel assignment message to the associated client. Further described are a method and apparatus including receiving a channel report from an associated access point, building an interference graph responsive to the channel report, determining channel assignments based on the interference graph and transmitting a channel assignment message to the associated access point. | 02-06-2014 |
20150117388 | CENTRALIZED CHANNEL SELECTION METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS NETWORKS IN A DENSE DEPLOYMENT ENVIRONMENT - A method and apparatus are described including scanning a channel, generating a report for the scanned channel, transmitting the channel report to an associated access point and receiving a channel assignment responsive to said channel report. Also described are a method and apparatus including scanning a channel, generating a first channel report, receiving a second channel report from an associated client, transmitting the first channel report and the second channel report to a server, receiving a channel assignment message from the server responsive to the first and second channel reports and transmitting the channel assignment message to the associated client. Further described are a method and apparatus including receiving a channel report from an associated access point, building an interference graph responsive to the channel report, determining channel assignments based on the interference graph and transmitting a channel assignment message to the associated access point. | 04-30-2015 |
20150200750 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RETRANSMISSION DECISION MAKING - A method comprising: receiving a scalable video coding (SVC) encoded video data from a source of digital video data, the SVC-encoded video data carrying a video content, the SVC-encoded video data including a network abstraction layer (NAL) extension header, a first layer for the video content, and a second layer for the video content, the first layer including first video data utilized to retrieve the video content in basic quality from the SVC-encoded video data, the second layer including second video data utilized along with the first video data to retrieve the video content in enhanced quality from the SVC-encoded video data; parsing the NAL extension header to identify the first and second video data; assigning a higher priority to the first video data for retransmission relative to the second video data; caching the first and second video data with the assigned priority in a buffer memory; monitoring a digital data network to collect first network transport conditions, the digital data network being connected in signal communication with a receiver, the digital data network involving first and second data transport protocols, the first protocol being less reliable than the second protocol; receiving a retransmission request transmitted on the second protocol from the receiver, the retransmission request including data indicating second network transport conditions of the digital data network determined at the receiver, the second network transport conditions including at least one of an end-to-end packet loss rate, an available bandwidth of the digital data network, and a round-trip delay; and determining whether to recover at least one of the first and second video data from the buffer memory and transmit the recovered video data to the receiver on the second protocol via the digital data network in accordance with the assigned priority in view of the first and second network transport conditions in response to the retransmission request. | 07-16-2015 |
20150237101 | Control Command Forwarding In Multimedia Applications Network - Command ports are provided for objects within a data stream. The command ports allow control commands to be issued to individual objects in the data stream rather than for the entire stream. This permits the objects to also have internal rules for when the control commands are used internally and/or reported to other objects in the data stream. Overriding commands are also provided to override an object's internal determination of the command. | 08-20-2015 |