| Patent application number | Description | Published |
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| 20090054702 | HYDROGENATION PROCESS - The present invention provides a process for hydrogenating an aldehyde. In one aspect, the invention is directed to a process of hydrogenating an aldehyde with a catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal, where the catalyst is complexed with carbon monoxide, at a temperature of at least 120° C. In another aspect, the invention is directed to a process of hydrogenating an aldehyde by contacting a feed comprising the aldehyde with a Group VIII metal catalyst and hydrogen in the presence of carbon monoxide at a temperature of at most 90° C. and subsequently contacting the feed and catalyst with hydrogen at a temperature of at least 120° C. | 02-26-2009 |
| 20110154721 | BIOFUELS VIA HYDROGENOLYSIS-CONDENSATION - A method comprises a providing a carbohydrate; reacting the carbohydrate directly with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenolysis catalyst to produce a reaction product comprising a polyol; and then processing at least a portion of the reaction product to form a fuel blend. | 06-30-2011 |
| 20110154722 | DIRECT AQUEOUS PHASE REFORMING OF BIO-BASED FEEDSTOCKS - A method comprises providing a bio-based feedstock; contacting the bio-based feedstock with a solvent in a hydrolysis reaction to form an intermediate stream comprising carbohydrates; contacting the intermediate stream with an apr catalyst to form a plurality of oxygenated intermediates, wherein a first portion of the oxygenated intermediates are recycled to form the solvent; and processing at least a second portion of the oxygenated intermediates to form a fuel blend. | 06-30-2011 |
| 20110277375 | DIRECT AQUEOUS PHASE REFORMING AND ALDOL CONDENSATION TO FORM BIO-BASED FUELS - A method comprises providing a bio-based feedstock; contacting the bio-based feedstock with a solvent in a hydrolysis reaction to form an intermediate stream comprising carbohydrates; contacting the intermediate stream with an aqueous phase reforming catalyst to form a plurality of oxygenated intermediates, wherein a first portion of the oxygenated intermediates are recycled to form the solvent; and contacting at least a second portion of the oxygenated intermediates with a condensation catalyst comprising a base functionality to form a fuel blend. | 11-17-2011 |
| 20110282115 | BIOFUELS VIA HYDROGENOLYSIS AND DEHYDROGENATION-CONDENSATION - A method comprising providing a carbohydrate feed; contacting at least a portion of the carbohydrate feed directly with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenolysis catalyst to produce a first reaction product comprising a stable hydroxyl intermediate; contacting at least a portion of the first reaction product comprising the stably hydroxyl intermediates with a dehydrogenation catalyst to form a second reaction product; and contacting at least a portion of the second reaction product with a condensation catalyst comprising a base functionality to form a fuel blend. | 11-17-2011 |
| 20120151826 | PROCESS TO PRODUCE BIOFUELS FROM BIOMASS - Processes to produce biofuels from biomass is provided where the biomass is contacted with an aqueous media to form a extracted biomass and at least a portion of an aqueous liquor separated from the extracted biomass containing soluble carbohydrate is treated with a purification substrate to form a treated carbohydrate stream having less than 35% of the sulfur content and less than 35% of the nitrogen content, based on the untreated aqueous liquor stream prior to contact with a hydrogenolysis catalyst to form a plurality of oxygenated intermediates that can be further processed to form a liquid fuel. An extracted biomass solids stream is also separated from the extracted biomass which is contacted with a first digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass and then a second digestive solvent to form a solubilized pulp comprising soluble carbohydrates. | 06-21-2012 |
| 20120151827 | BIOMASS CONVERSION SYSTEMS HAVING INTEGRATED HEAT MANAGEMENT AND METHODS FOR USE THEREOF - Biomass conversion systems may incorporate integrated heat management to operate more efficiently during biomass conversion. Biomass conversion systems may comprise a first fluid circulation loop comprising a hydrothermal digestion unit, and a first catalytic reduction reactor unit in fluid communication with an inlet and an outlet of the hydrothermal digestion unit; and a second fluid circulation loop comprising a reaction product take-off line in fluid communication with the first fluid circulation loop, a second catalytic reduction reactor unit in fluid communication with the reaction product take-off line, and a recycle line establishing fluid communication between the first fluid circulation loop and an outlet of the second catalytic reduction reactor unit, where the first catalytic reduction reactor unit contains at least one first catalyst and the second catalytic reduction reactor unit contains at least one second catalyst, each being capable of activating molecular hydrogen. | 06-21-2012 |
| 20120152836 | PROCESS TO PRODUCE BIOFUELS FROM BIOMASS - Biofuels can be produced by: (i) providing a biomass containing celluloses, hemicelluloses, lignin, nitrogen compounds and sulfur compounds; (ii) removing sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds from the biomass by contacting the biomass with a digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing carbohydrates and having less than 35% of the sulfur content and less than 35% of the nitrogen content of untreated biomass on a dry mass basis; (iii) contacting the pretreated biomass directly with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenolysis catalyst to form a plurality of oxygenated intermediates, and (vi) processing at least a portion of the oxygenated intermediates to form a liquid fuel. | 06-21-2012 |
| 20120156742 | PROCESS TO PRODUCE BIOFUELS FROM BIOMASS - A method to produce biofuels from biomass is provide by contacting the biomass with an aqueous media to form an extracted biomass, separating at least a portion of an aqueous liquor from the extracted biomass thereby providing the aqueous liquor stream comprising soluble carbohydrates; contacting the aqueous liquor stream with a purification substrate effective to remove sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds thereby producing a treated carbohydrate stream having less than 35% of the sulfur content and less than 35% of the nitrogen content of the untreated aqueous liquor feed, based on the untreated aqueous liquor stream, then contacting the treated carbohydrate stream with an aqueous phase reforming catalyst to form a plurality of oxygenated intermediates; and processing at least a portion of the oxygenated intermediates to form a liquid fuel. | 06-21-2012 |
| 20120156743 | PROCESS TO PRODUCE BIOFUELS FROM BIOMASS - A method to produce biofuels from biomass is provide by contacting the biomass with an aqueous media to form an extracted biomass, separating at least a portion of an aqueous liquor from the extracted biomass thereby providing the aqueous liquor stream comprising soluble carbohydrates; contacting the aqueous liquor stream with a purification substrate effective to remove sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds thereby producing a treated carbohydrate stream having less than 35% of the sulfur content and less than 35% of the nitrogen content of the untreated aqueous liquor feed, based on the untreated aqueous liquor stream, then contacting the treated carbohydrate stream directly with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenolysis catalyst to form a plurality of oxygenated intermediates; and processing at least a portion of the oxygenated intermediates to form a liquid fuel. | 06-21-2012 |
| 20120157730 | PROCESS TO PRODUCE BIOFUELS FROM BIOMASS - A process for producing biofuels from biomass is provided by removing sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds from the biomass by contacting the biomass with a digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing soluble carbohydrates and having less than 35% of the sulfur content and less than 35% of the nitrogen content, based on untreated biomass on a dry mass basis, prior to carrying out aqueous phase reforming and further processing to form a liquid fuel. | 06-21-2012 |
| 20120174471 | PROCESS TO PRODUCE BIOFUELS FROM BIOMASS - Biomass is contacted with an aqueous media to form an extracted biomass. An aqueous liquor separated from the extracted biomass is treated with a purification substrate to form a treated carbohydrate stream having less than 35% of the sulfur content and less than 35% of the nitrogen content, based on the untreated aqueous liquor stream, prior to contact with an aqueous phase reforming catalyst to form oxygenated intermediates that can be further processed to form a liquid fuel. An extracted biomass solids stream is also separated from the extracted biomass which is contacted with a first digestive solvent and then a second digestive solvent to form a solubilized pulp. This solublilized pulp may be combined with the aqueous liquor stream or combined to an aqueous reforming reaction system or recycled to the aqueous media to be processed further for an effective process to produce the liquid fuel. | 07-12-2012 |
| 20120289439 | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHIDE COMPOUNDS - A process for the manufacture of carbon disulphide comprising the following steps reacting carbon dioxide with hydrogen sulphide to form carbonyl sulphide and water; and absorbing at least a portion of the water with a sorbent, leaving a mixture comprising carbonyl sulphide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide. | 11-15-2012 |
| 20120317872 | PROCESS TO PRODUCE BIOFUELS FROM BIOMASS - Biofuels can be produced by: (i) providing a biomass containing celluloses, hemicelluloses, lignin, nitrogen compounds and sulfur compounds; (ii) contacting the biomass with a digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing carbohydrates; (iii) contacting the pretreated biomass with hydrogen in the presence of a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co and/or Ni incorporated into a suitable support to form a plurality of oxygenated intermediates, and (vi) processing at least a portion of the oxygenated intermediates to form a liquid fuel. | 12-20-2012 |
| 20120317873 | HYDROTHERMAL HYDROCATALYTIC TREATMENT OF BIOMASS - A method of hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treating biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass is treated with a digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing soluble carbohydrates. The pretreated biomass is contacted, with hydrogen at a temperature in the range of 150° C. to less than 300° C. in the presence of a pH buffering agent and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co, Ni or mixture thereof, incorporated into a suitable support, to form a plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons. | 12-20-2012 |
| 20120322653 | AQUEOUS CATALYST SULFIDING PROCESS - A sulfidable catalyst containing at least one metal or metal oxide is sulfided under aqueous conditions. | 12-20-2012 |
| 20120323051 | CO-PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS AND GLYCOLS - Methods and systems for co-producing higher hydrocarbons and glycols from bio-based feedstocks containing carbohydrates are disclosed. | 12-20-2012 |
| 20130109896 | PROCESS TO PRODUCE BIOFUELS VIA ORGANIC PHASE THERMAL HYDROCATALYTIC TREATMENT OF BIOMASS | 05-02-2013 |
| 20130152456 | BIOMASS CONVERSION SYSTEMS HAVING A FLUID CIRCULATION LOOP CONTAINING BACKFLUSHABLE FILTERS FOR CONTROL OF CELLULOSIC FINES AND METHODS FOR USE THEREOF - Digestion of cellulosic biomass to produce a hydrolysate may be accompanied by the formation of cellulosic fines which may be damaging to system components. Biomass conversion systems that may address the issue of cellulosic fines may comprise a fluid circulation loop comprising: a hydrothermal digestion unit; a solids separation unit that is in fluid communication with an outlet of the hydrothermal digestion unit; where the solids separation unit comprises a plurality of filters and the filters are in fluid communication with the fluid circulation loop in both a forward and a reverse flow direction; and a catalytic reduction reactor unit that is in fluid communication with an outlet of the solids separation unit and an inlet of the hydrothermal digestion unit; where at least one of the plurality of filters is in fluid communication with an inlet of the catalytic reduction reactor unit. | 06-20-2013 |
| 20130152457 | SYSTEMS CAPABLE OF ADDING CELLULOSIC BIOMASS TO A DIGESTION UNIT OPERATING AT HIGH PRESSURES AND ASSOCIATED METHODS FOR CELLULOSIC BIOMASS PROCESSING - When processing cellulosic biomass, it may be desirable for a digestion unit to operate without being fully depressurized for process efficiency purposes. Methods for processing cellulosic biomass may comprise providing a biomass conversion system comprising a pressurization zone and a digestion unit that are operatively connected to one another; providing cellulosic biomass at a first pressure; introducing at least a portion of the cellulosic biomass into the pressurization zone and pressurizing the pressurization zone to a second pressure higher than the first pressure; after pressurizing the pressurization zone, transferring at least a portion of the cellulosic biomass from the pressurization zone to the digestion unit, which is at a third pressure that is less than or equal to the second pressure but higher than the first pressure; and digesting at least a portion of the cellulosic biomass in the digestion unit to produce a hydrolysate comprising soluble carbohydrates. | 06-20-2013 |
| 20130152458 | SYSTEMS HAVING DIGESTION UNITS WITH CAPABILITY FOR LOADING CELLULOSIC BIOMASS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE AND ASSOCIATED METHODS FOR CELLULOSIC BIOMASS PROCESSING - When processing cellulosic biomass, it may be desirable for a digestion unit to operate without being fully depressurized for process efficiency purposes. A biomass conversion system can comprise a first digestion unit and a second digestion unit that are operatively connected to one another; a valve separating the first digestion unit from the second digestion unit; a fluid circulation loop establishing fluid communication between an outlet of the first digestion unit and an inlet of the second digestion unit; and a bypass line establishing fluid communication between an outlet of the second digestion unit and the fluid circulation loop. | 06-20-2013 |
| 20130158308 | BIOMASS CONVERSION SYSTEMS HAVING A FLUID CIRCULATION LOOP CONTAINING A CENTRIPETAL FORCE-BASED SEPARATION MECHANISM FOR CONTROL OF CELLULOSIC FINES AND METHODS FOR USE THEREOF - Digestion of cellulosic biomass to produce a hydrolysate may be accompanied by the formation of cellulosic fines which may be damaging to system components. Biomass conversion systems that may address the issue of cellulosic fines may comprise a fluid circulation loop comprising: a hydrothermal digestion unit; a solids separation unit that is in fluid communication with an outlet of the hydrothermal digestion unit; where the solids separation unit comprises a centripetal force-based separation mechanism that comprises a fluid outlet and a solids outlet; and a catalytic reduction reactor unit that is in fluid communication with the fluid outlet of the centripetal force-based separation mechanism and an inlet of the hydrothermal digestion unit. | 06-20-2013 |
| 20130165698 | CO-PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS AND GLYCOLS - Methods and systems for co-producing higher hydrocarbons and glycols from bio-based feedstocks containing carbohydrates are disclosed. | 06-27-2013 |
| 20130199085 | DIRECT AQUEOUS PHASE REFORMING OF BIO-BASED FEEDSTOCKS - A method comprises providing a bio-based feedstock; contacting the bio-based feedstock with a solvent in a hydrolysis reaction to form an intermediate stream comprising carbohydrates; contacting the intermediate stream with an apr catalyst to form a plurality of oxygenated intermediates, wherein a first portion of the oxygenated intermediates are recycled to form the solvent; and processing at least a second portion of the oxygenated intermediates to form a fuel blend. | 08-08-2013 |
| 20140000153 | BIOMASS CONVERSION SYSTEMS PROVIDING INTEGRATED STABILIZATION OF A HYDROLYSATE USING A SLURRY CATALYST FOLLOWING BIOMASS PRETREATMENT AND METHODS FOR USE THEREOF | 01-02-2014 |
| 20140000154 | BIOMASS CONVERSION SYSTEMS PROVIDING INTEGRATED STABILIZATION OF A HYDROLYSATE USING A SLURRY CATALYST AND METHODS FOR USE THEREOF | 01-02-2014 |
| 20140004015 | DIGESTION UNITS CONFIGURED FOR HIGH YIELD BIOMASS PROCESSING | 01-02-2014 |
| 20140005444 | METHODS FOR HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS IN THE PRESENCE OF A DISTRIBUTED SLURRY CATALYST | 01-02-2014 |
| 20140031599 | BIOMASS CONVERSION SYSTEMS CONTAINING A MOVING BED CATALYST FOR STABILIZATION OF A HYDROLSATE AND METHODS FOR USE THEREOF - Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids to form a hydrolysate may be conducted with in situ catalytic reduction to transform soluble carbohydrates in the hydrolysate into a more stable reaction product. Biomass conversion systems for performing such a transformation can comprise: a hydrothermal digestion unit that also contains a first catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, the first catalyst being fluidly mobile within the hydrothermal digestion unit; an optional hydrogen feed line that is operatively connected to the hydrothermal digestion unit; a fluid circulation loop comprising the hydrothermal digestion unit and a catalytic reduction reactor unit that contains a second catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; and a catalyst transport mechanism external to the hydrothermal digestion unit, the catalyst transport mechanism being capable of conveying at least a portion of the first catalyst to another location from a catalyst collection zone located within the hydrothermal digestion unit. | 01-30-2014 |
| 20140088330 | BIOMASS CONVERSION SYSTEMS HAVING A SINGLE-VESSEL HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION UNIT/CATALYTIC REDUCTION REACTOR UNIT FOR INTEGRATED STABILIZATION OF A HYDROLYSATE AND METHODS FOR USE THEREOF - Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be conducted in a pressure vessel that contains both a hydrothermal digestion unit and a catalytic reduction reactor unit. Biomass conversion systems incorporating such a feature may comprise: a pressure vessel that comprises a first section comprising a hydrothermal digestion unit and a second section comprising a first catalytic reduction reactor unit that contains a first catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; wherein the hydrothermal digestion unit and the first catalytic reduction reactor unit are in fluid communication with one another; a biomass feed mechanism that is operatively connected to the pressure vessel, the biomass feed mechanism being capable of introducing cellulosic biomass solids to the pressure vessel and also capable of withdrawing a reaction product from the first catalytic reduction reactor unit; and a hydrogen feed line that is operatively connected to the first catalytic reduction reactor unit. | 03-27-2014 |
| 20140096764 | BIOMASS CONVERSION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR USE THEREOF - Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids to form a hydrolysate may be accompanied by decomposition if the soluble carbohydrates produced from the biomass under hydrothermal digestion conditions are not transformed into a more stable reaction product. Biomass conversion systems may be configured to address this issue and others. Biomass conversion systems can comprise: a hydrothermal digestion unit; a first catalytic reduction reactor unit fluidly coupled to the hydrothermal digestion unit along its height by two or more fluid inlet lines and two or more fluid return lines, the first catalytic reduction reactor unit containing a catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; and a fluid circulation loop comprising the hydrothermal digestion unit and a second catalytic reduction reactor unit that contains a catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen. | 04-10-2014 |
| 20140109464 | LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS CONVERSION - A partially digested biomass solids is converted in a fixed bed catalytic reduction reactor under hydrothermal catalytic condition with a supported metal catalyst having a high void fraction. The catalyst having high void fraction allows high permeability and extends reaction run time. | 04-24-2014 |
| 20140116425 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING LIGNIN THROUGH VISCOSITY REDUCTION DURING HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS - Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by lignin release therefrom, which can produce a highly viscous phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin polymer. Systems for processing a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin polymer may comprise: a hydrothermal digestion unit; a viscosity measurement device within the hydrothermal digestion unit or in flow communication with the hydrothermal digestion unit; a temperature control device within the hydrothermal digestion unit or in flow communication with the hydrothermal digestion unit; and a processing device communicatively coupled to the viscosity measurement device and the temperature control device, the processing device being configured to actuate the temperature control device if the viscosity of a fluid phase comprising lignin exceeds a threshold value in the biomass conversion system. | 05-01-2014 |
| 20140117275 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING LIGNIN DURING HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS - Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by lignin release therefrom, which can produce a highly viscous phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin polymer. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in the presence of a digestion solvent, molecular hydrogen, and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; wherein at least a portion of the slurry catalyst accumulates in the phenolics liquid phase as it forms; and reducing the viscosity of the phenolics liquid phase. | 05-01-2014 |
| 20140117276 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DISTRIBUTING A SLURRY CATALYST IN CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS - Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: heating cellulosic biomass solids and a digestion solvent in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, thereby forming a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase, the slurry catalyst being distributed in the cellulosic biomass solids and at least a portion of the slurry catalyst accumulating in the phenolics liquid phase as it forms; conveying at least a portion of the phenolics liquid phase and the slurry catalyst to a location above at least a portion of the cellulosic biomass solids; and after conveying the phenolics liquid phase and the slurry catalyst, releasing them such that they come in contact with the cellulosic biomass solids. | 05-01-2014 |
| 20140117277 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING LIGNIN DURING HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIONASS SOLIDS - Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; and separating the phenolics liquid phase from the aqueous phase. | 05-01-2014 |
| 20140121418 | Method and Systems for Procesing Lignin During Hydrothermal Digestion of Cellulosic Biomass Solids While Producing a Monohydric Alcohol Feed - Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in the presence of a digestion solvent, molecular hydrogen, and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising a glycol derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; wherein at least a portion of the slurry catalyst accumulates in the phenolics liquid phase as it forms; combining the glycol with the phenolics liquid phase, thereby forming a combined phase; and heating the combined phase in the presence of molecular hydrogen; wherein heating the combined phase reduces the viscosity of the phenolics liquid phase and transforms at least a portion of the glycol into a monohydric alcohol. | 05-01-2014 |
| 20140121419 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING LIGNIN DURING HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS - Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; combining at least the phenolics liquid phase and the aqueous phase with one another, thereby forming a combined phase; and separating at least a portion of the alcoholic component from at least a portion of the combined phase. | 05-01-2014 |
| 20140121420 | METHODS FOR PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING OF A GLYCOL REACTION PRODUCT OBTAINED FROM HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS - Hydrothermal digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be conducted such that a glycol reaction product is formed for subsequent processing. Processing of a glycol reaction product may include a drying operation conducted prior to condensation of the glycol reaction product into higher molecular weight compounds. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids to form a glycol reaction product can comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids and a slurry catalyst in a hydrothermal digestion unit, the slurry catalyst being capable of activating molecular hydrogen; heating the cellulosic biomass solids in the hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of the slurry catalyst, a digestion solvent, and molecular hydrogen, thereby forming a liquor phase comprising soluble carbohydrates; and performing a first catalytic reduction reaction on the soluble carbohydrates within the hydrothermal digestion unit, thereby at least partially converting the soluble carbohydrates into a reaction product comprising a glycol. | 05-01-2014 |
| 20140121423 | METHODS FOR HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS USING A GLYCEROL SOLVENT SYSTEM - Hydrothermal digestion of cellulosic biomass solids in a glycerol solvent system can convert both the cellulosic biomass solids and the glycerol into a glycol reaction product for subsequent processing without the need for further solvent separation. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids in a glycerol solvent system can comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids and a slurry catalyst in a hydrothermal digestion unit, the slurry catalyst being capable of activating molecular hydrogen; heating the cellulosic biomass solids in the hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of the slurry catalyst, molecular hydrogen, and a solvent system comprising glycerol, thereby forming soluble carbohydrates; and at least partially converting the soluble carbohydrates and the glycerol into a reaction product comprising a glycol within the hydrothermal digestion unit. | 05-01-2014 |
| 20140128639 | METHODS FOR CONVERSION OF A GLYCOL REACTION PRODUCT OBTAINED FROM HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS INTO A DRIED MONOHYDRIC ALCOHOL FEED - Hydrothermal digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may produce a glycol reaction product for subsequent processing. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids to form and process a glycol reaction product may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids and a slurry catalyst in a hydrothermal digestion unit, the slurry catalyst being capable of activating molecular hydrogen; heating the cellulosic biomass solids in the hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of the slurry catalyst, a digestion solvent, and molecular hydrogen, thereby forming a liquor phase comprising soluble carbohydrates; performing a first catalytic reduction reaction on the soluble carbohydrates within the hydrothermal digestion unit, thereby at least partially converting the soluble carbohydrates into a reaction product comprising a glycol; at least partially drying the reaction product, thereby forming a dried reaction product comprising a dried glycol; and at least partially converting the dried glycol into a monohydric alcohol external to the hydrothermal digestion unit. | 05-08-2014 |
| 20140161689 | PROCESS TO PRODUCE BIOFUELS FROM BIOMASS - A process for producing biofuels from biomass is provided by removing sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds from the biomass by contacting the biomass with a digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing soluble carbohydrates and having less than 35% of the sulfur content and less than 35% of the nitrogen content, based on untreated biomass on a dry mass basis, prior to carrying out aqueous phase reforming and further processing to form a liquid fuel. | 06-12-2014 |
| 20140165456 | HYDROTHERMAL HYDROCATALYTIC TREATMENT OF BIOMASS USING WATER TOLERANT CATALYSTS - A method of hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treating biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass solids is provided to a hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of a digestive solvent, and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co, Ni or mixture thereof, incorporated into an alumina support, which support is predominantly alpha alumina; (ii) heating the lignocellulosic biomass solids and digestive solvent in the presence of hydrogen, and supported hydrogenolysis catalyst thereby forming a product solution containing plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons, said alumina support having a specific surface area of up to about 30 m | 06-19-2014 |
| 20140166221 | RECYCLABLE BUFFER FOR THE HYDROTHERMAL HYDROCATALYTIC TREATMENT OF BIOMASS - A method of hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treating biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass solids is provided to a hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of a digestive solvent, at least one of ammonia or a source of ammonia, and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co, Ni or mixture thereof, incorporated into a suitable support. The lignocellulosic biomass solids and digestive solvent are heated in the presence of hydrogen, supported hydrogenolysis catalyst and the at least one of ammonia or a source of ammonia forming a product solution containing plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons and ammonia. At least a portion of ammonia is separated and recycled to the hydrothermal digestion unit. | 06-19-2014 |
| 20140171694 | HYDROTHERMAL HYDROCATALYTIC TREATMENT OF BIOMASS USING WATER TOLERANT CATALYSTS - A method of hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treating biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass solids is provided to a hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of a digestive solvent, and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co, Ni or mixture thereof, incorporated into a group 4 metal oxide support; (ii) heating the lignocellulosic biomass solids and digestive solvent in the presence of hydrogen, and the supported hydrogenolysis catalyst thereby forming a product solution containing plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons, said catalyst retaining a crush strength of at least 50% after being subjected to an aqueous phase stability test compared with before the aqueous phase stability test or a crush strength of at least 0.25 kg after being subjected to an aqueous phase stability test. | 06-19-2014 |
| 20140173975 | BIOFUELS VIA HYDROGENOLYSIS-CONDENSATION - A method comprises providing a carbohydrate; reacting the carbohydrate with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenolysis catalyst to produce reaction products comprising an alcohol, a polyol, and a higher polyol; recycling the higher polyol through the hydrogenolysis reaction to produce reaction products comprising an alcohol and a polyol and a higher polyol; processing at least a portion of the reaction products to form a fuel blend. | 06-26-2014 |
| 20140174432 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROMOTING HYDROGEN GAS DISTRIBUTION WITHIN CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS DURING HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION - Methods and systems for promoting hydrogen gas distribution within cellulosic biomass solids during hydrothermal digestion. On exemplary method can comprise: heating a first portion of cellulosic biomass solids being contacted by a continuous liquid phase and a second portion of cellulosic biomass solids being contacted by a continuous gas phase in the presence of an upwardly directed flow of molecular hydrogen and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen in the continuous liquid phase; conveying at least a portion of the continuous liquid phase and at least a portion of the slurry catalyst to a location within the continuous gas phase above at least a portion of the cellulosic biomass solids; and after conveying the continuous liquid phase and the slurry catalyst, releasing them such that they contact the second portion of cellulosic biomass solids. | 06-26-2014 |
| 20140174433 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROMOTING HYDROGEN GAS DISTRIBUTION WITHIN CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS DURING HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION - Methods and systems for promoting hydrogen gas distribution within cellulosic biomass solids during hydrothermal digestion. One exemplary method can comprise providing cellulosic biomass solids in a hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of a digestion solvent and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; and heating the cellulosic biomass solids and the digestion solvent in the presence of molecular hydrogen, thereby forming an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, at least a portion of the molecular hydrogen being introduced to the hydrothermal digestion unit via a plurality of spaced apart fluid inlets vertically disposed about the height of the hydrothermal digestion unit. | 06-26-2014 |
| 20140212341 | BIOMASS CONVERSION SYSTEMS HAVING A FLUID CIRCULATION LOOP CONTAINING A CENTRIPETAL FORCE-BASED SEPARATION MECHANISM FOR CONTROL OF CELLULOSIC FINES AND METHODS FOR USE THEREOF - Digestion of cellulosic biomass to produce a hydrolysate may be accompanied by the formation of cellulosic fines which may be damaging to system components. Biomass conversion systems that may address the issue of cellulosic fines may comprise a fluid circulation loop comprising: a hydrothermal digestion unit; a solids separation unit that is in fluid communication with an outlet of the hydrothermal digestion unit; where the solids separation unit comprises a centripetal force-based separation mechanism that comprises a fluid outlet and a solids outlet; and a catalytic reduction reactor unit that is in fluid communication with the fluid outlet of the centripetal force-based separation mechanism and an inlet of the hydrothermal digestion unit. | 07-31-2014 |
| 20140275513 | METHODS FOR DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS IN THE PRESENCE OF A PHENOLIC SOLVENT GENERATED IN SITU FROM LIGNIN - Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids can be enhanced in the presence of a phenolic solvent. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids can comprise providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion medium comprising water and an organic solvent; heating the cellulosic biomass solids and the digestion medium in a digestion unit in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, thereby forming an alcoholic component and liberating lignin, the lignin forming a phenolics liquid phase partitioned from the digestion medium and at least a portion of the slurry catalyst accumulating in the phenolics liquid phase; removing at least a portion of the phenolics liquid phase and accumulated slurry catalyst from the digestion unit; converting at least a portion of the phenolics liquid phase into a phenolic solvent; and returning at least a portion of the phenolic solvent and the slurry catalyst to the digestion unit. | 09-18-2014 |
| 20140275514 | METHODS FOR DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS IN THE PRESENCE OF A PHENOLIC SOLVENT - Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids can be enhanced in the presence of a phenolic solvent. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids can comprise providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion medium comprising a phenolic solvent; and heating the cellulosic biomass solids and the digestion medium in a digestion unit in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, thereby forming an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids and liberating lignin from the cellulosic biomass solids into the digestion medium. The methods can further comprise converting at least a portion of the lignin into a phenolic solvent and returning the phenolic solvent formed from lignin to the cellulosic biomass solids. | 09-18-2014 |
| 20140275515 | METHODS FOR DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS IN THE PRESENCE OF A PHENOLIC SOLVENT GENERATED IN SITU FROM LIGNIN - Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids can be enhanced in the presence of a phenolic solvent. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids can comprise providing cellulosic biomass solids containing up to about 50% water by mass in a digestion medium comprising about 50% or more of an organic solvent by volume; heating the cellulosic biomass solids and the digestion medium in a digestion unit in the presence of molecular hydrogen and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen, thereby forming an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids and liberating lignin therefrom; wherein the digestion medium and the water form a biphasic mixture in which the alcoholic component, slurry catalyst, and lignin are contained; removing at least a portion of the biphasic mixture from the digestion unit; converting at least a portion of the lignin into a phenolic solvent; and returning the phenolic solvent to the digestion unit. | 09-18-2014 |
| 20140330048 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS EMPLOYING AN INCLINED DIGESTION UNIT FOR HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS - Maintaining long residence times during hydrothermal digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by a number of factors, including biomass compaction. Advantages in this regard may be realized by digesting cellulosic biomass solids in an inclined digestion unit. Such methods can comprise: introducing cellulosic biomass solids to a hydrothermal digestion unit comprising one or more inclined surfaces therein; introducing a fluid phase digestion medium containing a slurry catalyst to the hydrothermal digestion unit, the slurry catalyst being capable of activating molecular hydrogen; supplying an upwardly directed flow of molecular hydrogen from a source disposed along each inclined surface as the cellulosic biomass solids descend along each inclined surface; and heating the cellulosic biomass solids as they descend along each inclined surface in the presence of the slurry catalyst and the molecular hydrogen, thereby forming an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids. | 11-06-2014 |
| 20140330049 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS EMPLOYING A HORIZONTALLY CONFIGURED DIGESTION UNIT FOR HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS - Biomass compaction during hydrothermal digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may become problematic, particularly as the vertical height of a cellulosic biomass charge increases. Compaction may be decreased in a horizontally configured hydrothermal digestion unit. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing a hydrothermal digestion unit having a length or a width greater than its height and containing a fluid phase digestion medium and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen; introducing cellulosic biomass solids to the hydrothermal digestion unit; distributing the cellulosic biomass solids laterally within the hydrothermal digestion unit; after or while the cellulosic biomass solids are being distributed, supplying an upwardly directed flow of molecular hydrogen through the cellulosic biomass solids and the fluid phase digestion medium; and heating the cellulosic biomass solids in the presence of the slurry catalyst and the molecular hydrogen, thereby forming an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids. | 11-06-2014 |
| 20140356250 | BIOMASS CONVERSION SYSTEMS HAVING A FLUID CIRCULATION LOOP CONTAINING BACKFLUSHABLE FILTERS FOR CONTROL OF CELLULOSIC FINES AND METHODS FOR USE THEREOF - Digestion of cellulosic biomass to produce a hydrolysate may be accompanied by the formation of cellulosic fines which may be damaging to system components. Biomass conversion systems that may address the issue of cellulosic fines may comprise a fluid circulation loop comprising: a hydrothermal digestion unit; a solids separation unit that is in fluid communication with an outlet of the hydrothermal digestion unit; where the solids separation unit comprises a plurality of filters and the filters are in fluid communication with the fluid circulation loop in both a forward and a reverse flow direction; and a catalytic reduction reactor unit that is in fluid communication with an outlet of the solids separation unit and an inlet of the hydrothermal digestion unit; where at least one of the plurality of filters is in fluid communication with an inlet of the catalytic reduction reactor unit. | 12-04-2014 |
| 20150080620 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING HYDROGEN TO A HYDROCATALYTIC REACTION - Systems and methods for supplying hydrogen to a hydrocatalytic reaction of a biomass feedstock by gasification of a biomass material. In a preferred embodiment, the biomass material comprises hog fuel. In one embodiment, an overhead fraction of the hydrocatalytic reaction is further processed to generate higher molecular weight compounds, which can be used to produce a fuel product. In one embodiment, the biomass material comprises an outer bark layer of wood logs used as part of the biomass feedstock subject to the hydrocatalytic reaction. | 03-19-2015 |
| 20150080622 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING HYDROGEN TO A HYDROCATALYTIC REACTION - A bottom fraction of a product of a hydrocatalytic reaction is gasified to generate hydrogen for use in further hydrocatalytic reactions. In one embodiment, one or more volatile organic compounds is also vaporized using heat generated in the gasification process. In one embodiment, an overhead fraction of the hydrocatalytic reaction is further processed to generate higher molecular weight compounds. In another embodiment, a product of the further processing is separated into a bottom fraction and an overhead fraction, where the bottom fraction is also gasified to generate hydrogen for use in further hydrocatalytic reactions. | 03-19-2015 |
| 20150080626 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING HYDROGEN TO A HYDROCATALYTIC REACTION - A bottom fraction of a product of a hydrocatalytic reaction is gasified to generate hydrogen for use in further hydrocatalytic reactions. In one embodiment, an overhead fraction of the hydrocatalytic reaction is further processed to generate higher molecular weight compounds. In another embodiment, a product of the further processing is separated into a bottom fraction and an overhead fraction, where the bottom fraction is also gasified to generate hydrogen for use in further hydrocatalytic reactions. | 03-19-2015 |
| 20150132201 | SYSTEMS CAPABLE OF ADDING CELLULOSIC BIOMASS TO A DIGESTION UNIT OPERATING AT HIGH PRESSURES AND ASSOCIATED METHODS FORCELLULOSIC BIOMASS PROCESSING - When processing cellulosic biomass, it may be desirable for a digestion unit to operate without being fully depressurized for process efficiency purposes. Methods for processing cellulosic biomass may comprise providing a biomass conversion system comprising a pressurization zone and a digestion unit that are operatively connected to one another; providing cellulosic biomass at a first pressure; introducing at least a portion of the cellulosic biomass into the pressurization zone and pressurizing the pressurization zone to a second pressure higher than the first pressure; after pressurizing the pressurization zone, transferring at least a portion of the cellulosic biomass from the pressurization zone to the digestion unit, which is at a third pressure that is less than or equal to the second pressure but higher than the first pressure; and digesting at least a portion of the cellulosic biomass in the digestion unit to produce a hydrolysate comprising soluble carbohydrates. | 05-14-2015 |
| 20150176092 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING A REACTION PRODUCT MIXTURE OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS MATERIAL - Processing of a reaction product mixture containing at least one volatile organic compound as well as lignin, lignin derived compounds, and/or unextracted cellulose and hemicellulose using a recovery system comprising at least two flashers or at least one flasher and at least two reboilers. In a particular embodiment, the reaction product mixture comes from reactions involving deconstruction (or digestion) of biomass, particularly cellulosic biomass which contains various polysaccharides (e.g., carbohydrates) and lignin. | 06-25-2015 |
| 20150176093 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING A REACTION PRODUCT MIXTURE OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS MATERIAL - Processing of a reaction product mixture of cellulosic biomass material containing at least one volatile organic compound at least one of lignin, a lignin-derived compound, unextracted cellulose, unextracted hemicellulose, a caramelan, and any combination thereof by vaporizing the at least one volatile organic compound using at least thermal energy generated by combusting at least a portion of the reaction product mixture. In a particular embodiment, the reaction product mixture comes from reactions involving deconstruction (or digestion) of cellulosic biomass which contains various polysaccharides (e.g., carbohydrates) and lignin. | 06-25-2015 |
| 20150184081 | BIOMASS TREATMENT FOR HYDROTHERMAL HYDROCATALYTIC CONVERSION - A selective removal of chlorine and phosphorus that are detrimental to subsequent hydrothermal hydrocatalytic conversion from the biomass feed prior to carrying out catalytic hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis/hydrodeoxygenation of the biomass in a manner that does not reduce the effectiveness of the hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treatment while minimizing the amount of water used in the process is provided. | 07-02-2015 |
| 20150329787 | CO-PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS AND GLYCOLS - Methods and systems for co-producing higher hydrocarbons and glycols from bio-based feedstocks containing carbohydrates are disclosed. | 11-19-2015 |
| 20160031774 | RANDOM RING PACKING FOR BIOMASS DIGESTER - A method comprises introducing cellulosic biomass solids to a digester comprising a reactor, gas feed line, biomass feed system, fluid circulation system including a fluid inlet, a pump, and an injector, a screen positioned within the reactor and defining a lower zone therebelow, and a bed of reactor packing material resting on the screen and defining thereby a packed zone; providing a liquid phase digestion medium containing a slurry catalyst in the digester, the catalyst being capable of activating molecular hydrogen; circulating the liquid phase digestion medium through the fluid circulation system; supplying an upwardly directed flow of molecular hydrogen through the cellulosic biomass solids; and maintaining the cellulosic biomass solids and slurry catalyst at a temperature sufficient to cause digestion of cellulosic biomass solids into an alcoholic component. | 02-04-2016 |
| 20160096692 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING FEED MATERIAL TO A PRESSURIZED SYSTEM - Methods and systems for transferring feed materials between zones having substantially different pressures, where the transfer can be continuous or semi-continuous. The methods and systems include a plurality of lock hoppers to receive feed material from a low pressure zone and pressurize it with fluid to a pressure of a high pressure zone. The pressurized material can be discharged to a circulation loop, which carries the pressurized material to one or more receiving unit(s) of a pressurized system. At least some feed material remains in the receiving unit(s) and at least a portion of the fluid exits to become part of the circulation loop. After discharge, the lock hoppers can be depressurized so the next pressurization cycle can begin with additional feed material. The lock hoppers can be operated in a time-staggered manner to provide continuous or semi-continuous transfer of material. | 04-07-2016 |
| 20160096995 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING CELLULOSIC BIOMASS - Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods and systems for processing a reaction product containing lignin-derived products, such as phenolics, can comprise hydrotreating the reaction product to convert the lignin-derived products to desired higher molecular weight compounds. The methods and systems can further include separating the higher molecular weight compounds from unconverted products, such as unconverted phenolics, and recycling the unconverted phenolics for use as at least a portion of the digestion solvent and for further conversion to desired higher molecular weight compounds with additional hydrotreatment. The methods and systems can further include a further hydrotreatment step configured for additional lignin conversion and/or a further hydrotreatment step configured for generating hydrogen. | 04-07-2016 |
| 20160096999 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING CELLULOSIC BIOMASS - Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods and systems for processing a reaction product containing lignin-derived products, such as phenolics, can comprise hydrotreating the reaction product to convert the lignin-derived products to desired higher molecular weight compounds. The methods can further include separating the higher molecular weight compounds from unconverted products, such as unconverted phenolics, and recycling the unconverted phenolics for use as at least a portion of the digestion solvent and for further conversion to desired higher molecular weight compounds with additional hydrotreatment. | 04-07-2016 |
| 20160097000 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING CELLULOSIC BIOMASS - Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods and systems for processing a reaction product containing lignin-derived products, such as phenolics, can comprise hydrotreating the reaction product to convert the lignin-derived products to desired higher molecular weight compounds. The methods can further include separating the higher molecular weight compounds from unconverted products, such as unconverted phenolics, and recycling the unconverted phenolics for use as at least a portion of the digestion solvent and for further conversion to desired higher molecular weight compounds with additional hydrotreatment. The methods and systems can further include generating hydrogen with the further hydrotreatment. | 04-07-2016 |
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| 20130117513 | MEMORY QUEUE HANDLING TECHNIQUES FOR REDUCING IMPACT OF HIGH LATENCY MEMORY OPERATIONS - Techniques for handling queuing of memory accesses prevent passing excessive requests that implicate a region of memory subject to a high latency memory operation, such as a memory refresh operation, memory scrubbing or an internal bus calibration event, to a re-order queue of a memory controller. The memory controller includes a queue for storing pending memory access requests, a re-order queue for receiving the requests, and a control logic implementing a queue controller that determines if there is a collision between a received request and an ongoing high-latency memory operation. If there is a collision, then transfer of the request to the re-order queue may be rejected outright, or a count of existing queued operations that collide with the high latency operation may be used to determine if queuing the new request will exceed a threshold number of such operations. | 05-09-2013 |
| 20130138878 | Method for Scheduling Memory Refresh Operations Including Power States - A method for performing refresh operations on a rank of memory devices is disclosed. After the completion of a memory operation, a determination is made whether or not a refresh backlog count value is less than a predetermined value and the rank of memory devices is being powered down. If the refresh backlog count value is less than the predetermined value and the rank of memory devices is being powered down, an Idle Count threshold value is set to a maximum value such that a refresh operation will be performed after a maximum delay time. If the refresh backlog count value is not less than the predetermined value or the rank of memory devices is not in a powered down state, the Idle Count threshold value is set based on the slope of an Idle Delay Function such that a refresh operation will be performed accordingly. | 05-30-2013 |
| 20130151777 | Dynamic Inclusive Policy in a Hybrid Cache Hierarchy Using Hit Rate - A mechanism is provided for dynamic cache allocation using a cache hit rate. A first cache hit rate is monitored in a first subset utilizing a first allocation policy of N sets of a lower level cache. A second cache hit rate is also monitored in a second subset utilizing a second allocation policy different from the first allocation policy of the N sets of the lower level cache. A periodic comparison of the first cache hit rate to the second cache hit rate is made to identify a third allocation policy for a third subset of the N-sets of the lower level cache. The third allocation policy for the third subset is then periodically adjusted to at least one of the first allocation policy or the second allocation policy based on the comparison of the first cache hit rate to the second cache hit rate. | 06-13-2013 |
| 20130151778 | Dynamic Inclusive Policy in a Hybrid Cache Hierarchy Using Bandwidth - A mechanism is provided for dynamic cache allocation using bandwidth. A bandwidth between a higher level cache and a lower level cache is monitored. Responsive to bandwidth usage between the higher level cache and the lower level cache being below a predetermined low bandwidth threshold, the higher level cache and the lower level cache are set to operate in accordance with a first allocation policy. Responsive to bandwidth usage between the higher level cache and the lower level cache being above a predetermined high bandwidth threshold, the higher level cache and the lower level cache are set to operate in accordance with a second allocation policy. | 06-13-2013 |
| 20130151779 | Weighted History Allocation Predictor Algorithm in a Hybrid Cache - A mechanism is provided for weighted history allocation prediction. For each member in a plurality of members in a lower level cache, an associated reference counter is initialized to an initial value based on an operation type that caused data to be allocated to a member location of the member. For each access to the member in the lower level cache, the associated reference counter is incremented. Responsive to a new allocation of data to the lower level cache and responsive to the new allocation of data requiring the victimization of another member in the lower level cache, a member of the lower level cache is identified that has a lowest reference count value in its associated reference counter. The member with the lowest reference count value in its associated reference counter is then evicted. | 06-13-2013 |
| 20130151780 | Weighted History Allocation Predictor Algorithm in a Hybrid Cache - A mechanism is provided for weighted history allocation prediction. For each member in a plurality of members in a lower level cache, an associated reference counter is initialized to an initial value based on an operation type that caused data to be allocated to a member location of the member. For each access to the member in the lower level cache, the associated reference counter is incremented. Responsive to a new allocation of data to the lower level cache and responsive to the new allocation of data requiring the victimization of another member in the lower level cache, a member of the lower level cache is identified that has a lowest reference count value in its associated reference counter. The member with the lowest reference count value in its associated reference counter is then evicted. | 06-13-2013 |
| 20130173858 | Method for Scheduling Memory Refresh Operations Including Power States - A method for performing refresh operations on a rank of memory devices is disclosed. After the completion of a memory operation, a determination is made whether or not a refresh backlog count value is less than a predetermined value and the rank of memory devices is being powered down. If the refresh backlog count value is less than the predetermined value and the rank of memory devices is being powered down, an Idle Count threshold value is set to a maximum value such that a refresh operation will be performed after a maximum delay time. If the refresh backlog count value is not less than the predetermined value or the rank of memory devices is not in a powered down state, the Idle Count threshold value is set based on the slope of an Idle Delay Function such that a refresh operation will be performed accordingly. | 07-04-2013 |
| 20130212330 | MEMORY RECORDER QUEUE BIASING PRECEDING HIGH LATENCY OPERATIONS - A memory system and data processing system for controlling memory refresh operations in dynamic random access memories. The memory controller comprises logic that: tracks a time remaining before a scheduled time for performing a high priority, high latency operation a first memory rank of the memory system; responsive to the time remaining reaching a pre-established early notification time before the schedule time for performing the high priority, high latency operation, biases the re-order queue containing memory access operations targeting the plurality of ranks to prioritize scheduling of any first memory access operations that target the first memory rank. The logic further: schedules the first memory access operations to the first memory rank for early completion relative to other memory access operations in the re-order queue that target other memory ranks; and performs the high priority, high latency operation at the first memory rank at the scheduled time. | 08-15-2013 |
| 20140052936 | MEMORY QUEUE HANDLING TECHNIQUES FOR REDUCING IMPACT OF HIGH-LATENCY MEMORY OPERATIONS - Techniques for handling queuing of memory accesses prevent passing excessive requests that implicate a region of memory subject to a high latency memory operation, such as a memory refresh operation, memory scrubbing or an internal bus calibration event, to a re-order queue of a memory controller. The memory controller includes a queue for storing pending memory access requests, a re-order queue for receiving the requests, and a control logic implementing a queue controller that determines if there is a collision between a received request and an ongoing high-latency memory operation. If there is a collision, then transfer of the request to the re-order queue may be rejected outright, or a count of existing queued operations that collide with the high latency operation may be used to determine if queuing the new request will exceed a threshold number of such operations. | 02-20-2014 |
| 20140281325 | SYNCHRONIZATION AND ORDER DETECTION IN A MEMORY SYSTEM - Embodiments relate to out-of-synchronization detection and out-of-order detection in a memory system. One aspect is a system that includes a plurality of channels, each providing communication with a memory buffer chip and a plurality of memory devices. A memory control unit is coupled to the plurality of channels. The memory control unit is configured to perform a method that includes receiving frames on two or more of the channels. The memory control unit identifies alignment logic input in each of the received frames and generates a summarized input to alignment logic for each of the channels of the received frames based on the alignment logic input. The memory control unit adjusts a timing alignment based on a skew value per channel. Each of the timing adjusted summarized inputs is compared. Based on a mismatch between at least two of the timing adjusted summarized inputs, a miscompare signal is asserted. | 09-18-2014 |
| 20140304537 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MITIGATING EFFECTS OF MEMORY SCRUB OPERATIONS ON IDLE TIME POWER SAVINGS MODES - An approach for saving power in a memory subsystem that uses memory access idle timer to enable low power mode and memory scrub operation within computing system has been provided. The computing system determines that a memory subsystem is switched out of low power operation mode due to a memory scrub operation. In addition, the computing system bypasses the low power operation mode of an idle timer of the memory subsystem such that the memory subsystem is returned to the low power operation mode upon completion of the memory scrub operation. The computing system further sets a scrub flag of the memory subsystem to a high state, and clears the scrub flag to a low state to track if the idle timer should be bypassed. | 10-09-2014 |
| 20140304566 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MITIGATING EFFECTS OF MEMORY SCRUB OPERATIONS ON IDLE TIME POWER SAVINGS MODE - An approach for saving power in a memory subsystem that uses memory access idle timer to enable low power mode and memory scrub operation within computing system has been provided. The computing system determines that a memory subsystem is switched out of low power operation mode due to a memory scrub operation. In addition, the computing system bypasses the low power operation mode of an idle timer of the memory subsystem such that the memory subsystem is returned to the low power operation mode upon completion of the memory scrub operation. The computing system further sets a scrub flag of the memory subsystem to a high state, and clears the scrub flag to a low state to track if the idle timer should be bypassed. | 10-09-2014 |
| 20140310477 | MODIFICATION OF PREFETCH DEPTH BASED ON HIGH LATENCY EVENT - A prefetch stream is established in a prefetch unit of a memory controller for a system memory at a lowest level of a volatile memory hierarchy of the data processing system based on a memory access request received from a processor core. The memory controller receives an indication of an upcoming high latency event affecting access to the system memory. In response to the indication, the memory controller temporarily increases a prefetch depth of the prefetch stream with respect to the system memory and issues, to the system memory, a plurality of prefetch requests in accordance with the temporarily increased prefetch depth in advance of the upcoming high latency event | 10-16-2014 |
| 20140310478 | MODIFICATION OF PREFETCH DEPTH BASED ON HIGH LATENCY EVENT - A prefetch stream is established in a prefetch unit of a memory controller for a system memory at a lowest level of a volatile memory hierarchy of the data processing system based on a memory access request received from a processor core. The memory controller receives an indication of an upcoming high latency event affecting access to the system memory. In response to the indication, the memory controller temporarily increases a prefetch depth of the prefetch stream with respect to the system memory and issues, to the system memory, a plurality of prefetch requests in accordance with the temporarily increased prefetch depth in advance of the upcoming high latency event | 10-16-2014 |
| 20140372704 | LEAST-RECENTLY-USED (LRU) TO FIRST-DIRTY-MEMBER DISTANCE-MAINTAINING CACHE CLEANING SCHEDULER - A technique for scheduling cache cleaning operations maintains a clean distance between a set of least-recently-used (LRU) clean lines and the LRU dirty (modified) line for each congruence class in the cache. The technique is generally employed at a victim cache at the highest-order level of the cache memory hierarchy, so that write-backs to system memory are scheduled to avoid having to generate a write-back in response to a cache miss in the next lower-order level of the cache memory hierarchy. The clean distance can be determined by counting all of the LRU clean lines in each congruence class that have a reference count that is less than or equal to the reference count of the LRU dirty line. | 12-18-2014 |
| 20140372705 | LEAST-RECENTLY-USED (LRU) TO FIRST-DIRTY-MEMBER DISTANCE-MAINTAINING CACHE CLEANING SCHEDULER - A technique for scheduling cache cleaning operations maintains a clean distance between a set of least-recently-used (LRU) clean lines and the LRU dirty (modified) line for each congruence class in the cache. The technique is generally employed at a victim cache at the highest-order level of the cache memory hierarchy, so that write-backs to system memory are scheduled to avoid having to generate a write-back in response to a cache miss in the next lower-order level of the cache memory hierarchy. The clean distance can be determined by counting all of the LRU clean lines in each congruence class that have a reference count that is less than or equal to the reference count of the LRU dirty line. | 12-18-2014 |
| 20140380095 | MEMORY UNCORRECTABLE ERROR HANDLING TECHNIQUE FOR REDUCING THE IMPACT OF NOISE - Techniques for handling uncorrectable errors occurring during memory accesses reduce the likelihood of mis-correction of errors due to the presence of noise. When an uncorrectable memory error is detected in response to an access to a memory device, a memory controller managing the interface to the memory halts issuing of access requests to the memory device until a predetermined time period has elapsed. In-flight memory requests are marked for retry, and responses to pending request are flushed. A calibration command may be issued after the predetermined time period has elapsed. After the predetermined time period has elapsed and any calibration performed, the requests marked for retry are issued to the memory device. | 12-25-2014 |
| 20140380096 | MEMORY UNCORRECTABLE ERROR HANDLING TECHNIQUE FOR REDUCING THE IMPACT OF NOISE - Techniques for handling uncorrectable errors occurring during memory accesses reduce the likelihood of mis-correction of errors due to the presence of noise. When an uncorrectable memory error is detected in response to an access to a memory device, a memory controller managing the interface to the memory halts issuing of access requests to the memory device until a predetermined time period has elapsed. In-flight memory requests are marked for retry, and responses to pending request are flushed. A calibration command may be issued after the predetermined time period has elapsed. After the predetermined time period has elapsed and any calibration performed, the requests marked for retry are issued to the memory device. | 12-25-2014 |
| 20150143056 | DYNAMIC WRITE PRIORITY BASED ON VIRTUAL WRITE QUEUE HIGH WATER MARK - A set associative cache is managed by a memory controller which places writeback instructions for modified (dirty) cache lines into a virtual write queue, determines when the number of the sets containing a modified cache line is greater than a high water mark, and elevates a priority of the writeback instructions over read operations. The controller can return the priority to normal when the number of modified sets is less than a low water mark. In an embodiment wherein the system memory device includes rank groups, the congruence classes can be mapped based on the rank groups. The number of writes pending in a rank group exceeding a different threshold can additionally be a requirement to trigger elevation of writeback priority. A dirty vector can be used to provide an indication that corresponding sets contain a modified cache line, particularly in least-recently used segments of the corresponding sets. | 05-21-2015 |
| 20150143059 | DYNAMIC WRITE PRIORITY BASED ON VIRTUAL WRITE QUEUE HIGH WATER MARK - A set associative cache is managed by a memory controller which places writeback instructions for modified (dirty) cache lines into a virtual write queue, determines when the number of the sets containing a modified cache line is greater than a high water mark, and elevates a priority of the writeback instructions over read operations. The controller can return the priority to normal when the number of modified sets is less than a low water mark. In an embodiment wherein the system memory device includes rank groups, the congruence classes can be mapped based on the rank groups. The number of writes pending in a rank group exceeding a different threshold can additionally be a requirement to trigger elevation of writeback priority. A dirty vector can be used to provide an indication that corresponding sets contain a modified cache line, particularly in least-recently used segments of the corresponding sets. | 05-21-2015 |
| 20150149854 | EARLY DATA TAG TO ALLOW DATA CRC BYPASS VIA A SPECULATIVE MEMORY DATA RETURN PROTOCOL - A bypass mechanism allows a memory controller to transmit requested data to an interconnect before the data's error code has been decoded, e.g., a cyclical redundancy check (CRC). The tag, tag CRC, data, and data CRC are pipelined from DRAM in four frames, each having multiple clock cycles. The tag includes a bypass bit indicating whether data transmission to the interconnect should begin before CRC decoding. After receiving the tag CRC, the controller decodes it and reserves a request machine which sends a transmit request signal to inform the interconnect that data is available. Once the transmit request is granted by the interconnect, the controller can immediately start sending the data, before decoding the data CRC. So long as no error is found, the controller completes transmission of the data to the interconnect, including providing an indication that the data as transmitted is error-free. | 05-28-2015 |
| 20150149866 | EARLY DATA TAG TO ALLOW DATA CRC BYPASS VIA A SPECULATIVE MEMORY DATA RETURN PROTOCOL - A bypass mechanism allows a memory controller to transmit requested data to an interconnect before the data's error code has been decoded, e.g., a cyclical redundancy check (CRC). The tag, tag CRC, data, and data CRC are pipelined from DRAM in four frames, each having multiple clock cycles. The tag includes a bypass bit indicating whether data transmission to the interconnect should begin before CRC decoding. After receiving the tag CRC, the controller decodes it and reserves a request machine which sends a transmit request signal to inform the interconnect that data is available. Once the transmit request is granted by the interconnect, the controller can immediately start sending the data, before decoding the data CRC. So long as no error is found, the controller completes transmission of the data to the interconnect, including providing an indication that the data as transmitted is error-free. | 05-28-2015 |
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| 20100235782 | Systems and Methods For Viewing Patient Data - Implementations of the present invention include methods of providing and managing patient data. In some implementations, methods include providing patient data to a data management system that is in communication with an information system located at a facility, providing the patient data to a remote device that is in communication with the data management system, receiving, in the remote device, ancillary information that is input based on the patient data, providing the ancillary information to the data management system, and providing the ancillary information to the information system from the data management system. | 09-16-2010 |
| 20110246235 | MULTI-FACTOR AUTHENTICATION FOR REMOTE ACCESS OF PATIENT DATA - The present disclosure is directed to authenticating a mobile device and a user of the mobile device to receive patient data from a clinical information system of a medical facility. In some implementations, methods include receiving a logon request, the logon request comprising credentials and at least one technical factor, accessing a validation database based on the at least one technical factor, determining that the mobile device is an authorized mobile device based on information provided by the validation database and the at least one technical factor, validating the credentials to ensure that the user is authorized to access patient data provided by the clinical information system, and then, upon determining that the user is authorized to access patient data: establishing a session to communicate patient data between the mobile device and the clinical information system, the data managements system processing the patient data communicated during the session. | 10-06-2011 |
| 20120075103 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR VIEWING PATIENT DATA - Methods of measuring features of a digitally generated waveform include communicating patient data to a device that is remote from a source of the patient data, generating the waveform on a touch-screen display of the device, and measuring along an axis of the waveform. The measuring includes generating a first point corresponding to the waveform based on contact with the touch-screen display, generating a second point corresponding to the waveform based on contact with the touch-screen display, automatically measuring a distance between the first point and the second point along the axis upon generation of the second point, and displaying a value corresponding to the distance on the touch-screen display. | 03-29-2012 |
| 20130030831 | System and method for real time viewing of critical patient data on mobile devices - A data-processing tool for displaying real-time patient data on remote and/or mobile devices. The tool renders graphical data on the screen of the remote device in a manner that makes it practical for the health care provider to review the data. Charting components provide landscape support, an ability to overlay patient data and patient images, zoom in/zoom out, custom variable speed scrolling, split screen support, and formatting control. The methodology operates as an asynchronous application, allowing patient data to be streamed in real-time to the handheld device while conserving enough CPU power to simultaneously allow the end user to interact at will with the responsive display application. Finally, the methodology implements an IT management console that allows system managers to monitor the exchange of data between hospital systems and the primary database, including all patient data packets, notifications and alerts, connected remote devices, etc. | 01-31-2013 |
| 20130167111 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DEVELOPING MULTI-PLATFORM APPLICATIONS FOR COMPUTING DEVICES - Implementations of the present disclosure include actions of transmitting a first user interface engine (UIE) to a first computing device, the first UIE being specific to a first operating system of the first computing device, transmitting a second UIE to a second computing device, the second UIE being specific to a second operating system of the second computing device, the first operating system being different from the second operating system, and transmitting one or more templates to the first computing device and the second computing device, the one or more templates being agnostic to the first operating system and the second operating system, each of the one or more templates being processable using the first UIE and the second UIE to display a first user interface and a second user interface on the first mobile device and the second mobile device, respectively. | 06-27-2013 |
| 20130271469 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR COLLECTING AND VIEWING PATIENT DATA - Implementations provide methods including actions of processing patient data to generate one or more graphical representations of the patient data, at least one graphical representation of the one or more graphical representations including a waveform, displaying at least one waveform segment of the waveform, and displaying calipers associated with the at least one waveform segment, each caliper being associated with an interval, where displaying the calipers includes, for each caliper: receiving a measurement value of the interval associated with the caliper, determining respective positions of a first handle and a second handle of the caliper based on the measurement, and displaying the first handle and the second handle in the respective positions relative to the at least one waveform segment. | 10-17-2013 |
| 20130271470 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DISPLAYING PATIENT DATA - Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for displaying at least one graphical representation as a stacked waveform strip, the stacked waveform strip including: a first strip segment, the first strip segment being associated with a first time period, a second strip segment, the second strip segment being associated with a second time period earlier than the first time period and being displayed beneath the first strip segment, and a third strip segment, the third strip segment being associated with a third time period earlier than the second time period and being displayed beneath the second strip segment. | 10-17-2013 |
| 20140019901 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR VIEWING PATIENT DATA - Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for displaying an electrocardiogram (ECG) on a computing device using actions including receiving data corresponding to the ECG, processing the data to generate a plurality of traces, displaying a plurality of trace display windows, displaying each trace of the plurality of traces in a trace window of the plurality of trace windows, receiving user input corresponding to at least one trace window of the plurality of trace windows, and modifying a display of each trace of the plurality of traces in the respective trace display windows in response to the user input. | 01-16-2014 |
| 20140249854 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INTEGRATING, UNIFYING AND DISPLAYING PATIENT DATA ACROSS HEALTHCARE CONTINUA - Implementations provide a user of a mobile device access to patient information and patient physiological data. Actions can include receiving a user request, the user request being received in response to user input to the mobile device, determining that the user request is associated with patient data and/or patient information stored in a plurality of data stores associated with a plurality of facility systems, each data store in the plurality of data stores being associated with a respective facility system, transmitting a plurality of requests, each request being directed to a respective facility system, receiving a plurality of responses, each response being responsive to a respective request of the plurality of requests, and transmitting a response to the mobile device, the response being responsive to the user request. | 09-04-2014 |
| 20140372518 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DEVELOPING MULTI-PLATFORM APPLICATIONS FOR COMPUTING DEVICES - Implementations of the present disclosure include actions of transmitting a first user interface engine (UIE) to a first computing device, the first UIE being specific to a first operating system of the first computing device, transmitting a second UIE to a second computing device, the second UIE being specific to a second operating system of the second computing device, the first operating system being different from the second operating system, and transmitting one or more templates to the first computing device and the second computing device, the one or more templates being agnostic to the first operating system and the second operating system, each of the one or more templates being processable using the first UIE and the second UIE to display a first user interface and a second user interface on the first mobile device and the second mobile device, respectively. | 12-18-2014 |
| 20150088549 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INTEGRATING, UNIFYING AND DISPLAYING PATIENT DATA ACROSS HEALTHCARE CONTINUA - Implementations provide a user of a mobile device access to patient information and patient physiological data. Actions can include receiving a user request, the user request being received in response to user input to the mobile device, determining that the user request is associated with patient data and/or patient information stored in a plurality of data stores associated with a plurality of facility systems, each data store in the plurality of data stores being associated with a respective facility system, transmitting a plurality of requests, each request being directed to a respective facility system, receiving a plurality of responses, each response being responsive to a respective request of the plurality of requests, and transmitting a response to the mobile device, the response being responsive to the user request. | 03-26-2015 |
