Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080302860 | AIR BEARING GAP CONTROL FOR INJECTION MOLDED SOLDER HEADS - An air bearing gap control arrangement for injection molded solder filler heads. Also provided is a method of providing for a gap control for injection molded solder filler heads utilizing an air bearing arrangement. Provided is a C-ring seal, at the lower or dispensing region of the solder filler head structure, wherein the C-shape is open at the leading edge thereof. Hereby, a prevalent leading edge gap is tightly controlled by means of pressurized air in order to form an air bearing. Downstream of this leading edge is the molten solder, which is contained within a very narrow gap height between the solder filler head and the mold. As the solder fills the pits or recesses which are formed in the mold surface, air will rush out or be displaced from the pits towards the air bearing and is then expelled, while the deposited solder remains in place. | 12-11-2008 |
20090014155 | THERMALLY PUMPED LIQUID/GAS HEAT EXCHANGER FOR COOLING HEAT-GENERATING DEVICES - A cooling system for a heat-generating device includes: coolant fluid; an evaporator for holding the coolant fluid and for heating the coolant fluid; said evaporator in close proximity to the heat-generating device for removing unwanted heat. The cooling system also includes a plurality of tubes for providing a flow path for the coolant fluid and gases produced by the evaporator; a heat exchanger through which the tubes pass for cooling the coolant fluid. The heat exchanger includes: a reservoir, a coolant, and a heating element for heating the gas so that it expands and pushes cool coolant fluid back to the evaporator. The heating element may be located inside the reservoir. | 01-15-2009 |
20090037016 | C4NP Servo Controlled Solder Fill Head - An apparatus for placing solder bumps on a mold plate includes: a solder fill head configured for dispensing molten solder onto the mold plate, the solder fill head also configured for relative movement over the mold plate; and a control mechanism configured for controlling positions of the solder fill head relative to the mold plate. The control mechanism includes: a control input signal containing data about an ideal positioning of the solder fill head; a plurality of sensors positioned on the solder fill head, the sensors configured for providing data about a gap between the solder fill head and the mold plate; a position controller configured for receiving the gap data and comparing the gap data with the control input signal, wherein said position controller provides an inequality signal if the gap data and the control input signal are not equal; an amplifier configured for receiving the inequality signal and amplifying it; and an actuator configured for receiving the amplified inequality signal and controlling movement of the solder fill head in response to the inequality signal received. The control mechanism may be a servo control mechanism. The sensors may be gap sensors. | 02-05-2009 |
20090305616 | GLASS MOLD POLISHING METHOD AND STRUCTURE - A glass mold polishing structure and method. The method includes providing a polishing tool comprising mounting plate, a chuck plate over and mechanically attached to the mounting plate, and a pad structure over and mechanically attached to the chuck plate. A retaining structure is attached the chuck plate. A glass mold comprising a plurality of cavities is placed on the pad structure and within a perimeter formed by the retaining structure. A vacuum device is attached to the chuck plate. The vacuum device is activated such that a vacuum is formed and mechanically attaches the glass mold to the pad structure. The polishing tool comprising the glass mold mechanically attached to the pad structure is placed over and in contact with the polishing pad. The polishing tool comprising the glass mold is rotated. The glass mold is polished as a result of the rotation. | 12-10-2009 |
20130072089 | MULTI-SPINDLE CHEMICAL MECHANICAL PLANARIZATION TOOL - An apparatus for chemical mechanical planarization includes a spindle assembly structure and at least one substrate carrier, which make a linear lateral movement relative to each other while abrasive surfaces of a plurality of cylindrical spindles in the spindle assembly structure contact, and rotate against, at least one substrate mounted on the at least one substrate carrier. The direction of the linear lateral movement is within the plane that tangentially contacts the plurality of cylindrical spindles, and can be orthogonal to the axes of rotation of the plurality of cylindrical spindles. | 03-21-2013 |
20130072092 | MULTI-SPINDLE CHEMICAL MECHANICAL PLANARIZATION TOOL - An apparatus for chemical mechanical planarization includes a spindle assembly structure and at least one substrate carrier, which make a linear lateral movement relative to each other while abrasive surfaces of a plurality of cylindrical spindles in the spindle assembly structure contact, and rotate against, at least one substrate mounted on the at least one substrate carrier. The direction of the linear lateral movement is within the plane that tangentially contacts the plurality of cylindrical spindles, and can be orthogonal to the axes of rotation of the plurality of cylindrical spindles. | 03-21-2013 |
20130200709 | Techniques for Grid Coupling Photovoltaic Cells Using Ratiometric Voltage Conversion - Techniques for electrical power transfer in photovoltaic systems are provided. In one aspect, a photovoltaic system includes an array of photovoltaic power producing elements (e.g., concentrator photovoltaic cells); a power receiving unit; and at least one ratiometric DC to DC converter connected to both the array of photovoltaic power producing elements and the power receiving unit. The array of photovoltaic power producing elements can include a plurality of the photovoltaic power producing elements connected in series or in parallel. In another aspect, a method of transferring electrical power from an array of photovoltaic power producing elements to a power receiving unit includes the following step. At least one ratiometric DC to DC converter is connected to both the array of photovoltaic power producing elements and the power receiving unit. The at least one ratiometric DC to DC converter is configured to alter a voltage output from the array. | 08-08-2013 |
20130207765 | INTEGRATED TRANSFORMERS - Systems, methods and devices directed to transformers are disclosed. One transformer system includes a set of transformer cells and a controller. The set of transformer cells is coupled in series to form a series coupling, where each transformer cell includes at least one first coil and at least one second coil. The second coil is configured to receive electrical energy from the first coil through magnetic interaction. The controller is configured to modify electrical aspects at ends of the series coupling by independently driving the transformer cells such that at least one of the transformer cells is driven differently from at least one other transformer cell in the set. | 08-15-2013 |
20130316623 | MULTI-SPINDLE CHEMICAL MECHANICAL PLANARIZATION TOOL - An apparatus for chemical mechanical planarization includes a spindle assembly structure and at least one substrate carrier, which make a linear lateral movement relative to each other while abrasive surfaces of a plurality of cylindrical spindles in the spindle assembly structure contact, and rotate against, at least one substrate mounted on the at least one substrate carrier. The direction of the linear lateral movement is within the plane that tangentially contacts the plurality of cylindrical spindles, and can be orthogonal to the axes of rotation of the plurality of cylindrical spindles. | 11-28-2013 |
20140049899 | Computer Room Cooling Control - A method for cooling a data center having a plurality of racks and an adjustable cooling system includes the following steps. A minimum and maximum temperature is set for each of the racks. A temperature of each of the racks is determined based on i) a rate R(t) at which the chilled air at a temperature Tc is introduced to each of the racks and ii) a rate R at which warm air from each of the racks at a temperature T is returned to the cooling system. The cooling system is adjusted to add cooling or to reduce cooling to the data center. The determining and adjusting steps are repeated at a predetermined time interval to achieve and maintain the temperature of each of the racks to be greater than or equal to the minimum temperature and less than or equal to the maximum temperature. | 02-20-2014 |
20140049905 | Computer Room Cooling Control - A method for cooling a data center having a plurality of racks and an adjustable cooling system includes the following steps. A minimum and maximum temperature is set for each of the racks. A temperature of each of the racks is determined based on i) a rate R(t) at which the chilled air at a temperature Tc is introduced to each of the racks and ii) a rate R at which warm air from each of the racks at a temperature T is returned to the cooling system. The cooling system is adjusted to add cooling or to reduce cooling to the data center. The determining and adjusting steps are repeated at a predetermined time interval to achieve and maintain the temperature of each of the racks to be greater than or equal to the minimum temperature and less than or equal to the maximum temperature. | 02-20-2014 |
20140163903 | REAL TIME NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF CORROSION RATES FROM CORROSION SENSORS - A method for determining a corrosion rate includes receiving an input signal including corrosion data from a sensor. A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a type of noise is determined from the input signal. A corrosion rate computation method is selected based on the SNR and the type of noise. The corrosion rate is determined, using a processor, based on a selected corrosion rate computation method. | 06-12-2014 |
20140283682 | FILTER REPLACEMENT LIFETIME PREDICTION - Methods and systems for predicting a filter lifetime include building a filter effectiveness history based on contaminant sensor information associated with a filter; determining a rate of filter consumption with a processor based on the filter effectiveness history; and determining a remaining filter lifetime based on the determined rate of filter consumption. Methods and systems for increasing filter economy include measuring contaminants in an internal and an external environment; determining a cost of a corrosion rate increase if unfiltered external air intake is increased for cooling; determining a cost of increased air pressure to filter external air; and if the cost of filtering external air exceeds the cost of the corrosion rate increase, increasing an intake of unfiltered external air. | 09-25-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090299109 | Renewable Compositions - The present invention is directed to renewable compositions derived from fermentation of biomass, and integrated methods of preparing such compositions. | 12-03-2009 |
20100216958 | Methods of Preparing Renewable Butadiene and Renewable Isoprene - Isobutene, isoprene, and butadiene are obtained from mixtures of C | 08-26-2010 |
20110172475 | INTEGRATED METHODS OF PREPARING RENEWABLE CHEMICALS - Isobutene, isoprene, and butadiene are obtained from mixtures of C | 07-14-2011 |
20110213112 | OXIDATION OF 5-(HYDROXYMETHYL) FURFURAL TO 2,5 DIFORMYLFURAN AND SUBSEQUENT DECARBONYLATION TO UNSUBSTITUTED FURAN - Alcohols are catalytically oxidized to aldehydes, in particular to benzaldehyde and diformylfuran, which are useful as intermediates for a multiplicity of purposes. The invention also relates to the polymerization of the dialdehyde and to the decarbonylation of the dialdehyde to furan. | 09-01-2011 |
20110245514 | PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGENATED PRODUCTS - A process for making a hydrogenated product includes providing a clarified DAS-containing fermentation broth; distilling the broth under super atmospheric pressure at a temperature of >100° C. to about 300° C. to form an overhead that includes water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes SA, and at least about 20 wt % water; cooling the bottoms to a temperature sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a liquid portion in contact with a solid portion that is substantially pure SA; separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; recovering the solid portion; hydrogenating the solid portion in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst to produce the hydrogenated product including at least one of THF, GBL or BDO; and recovering the hydrogenated product. | 10-06-2011 |
20110245515 | PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGENATED PRODUCTS - A process for making a hydrogenated product includes providing a clarified DAS-containing fermentation broth, distilling the broth to form an overhead that includes water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes MAS, at least some DAS, and at least about 20 wt % water, cooling and/or evaporating the bottoms, and optionally adding an antisolvent to the bottoms, to attain a temperature and composition sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a DAS-containing liquid portion and a MAS-containing solid portion that is substantially free of DAS, separating the solid portion from the liquid portion, recovering the solid portion, hydrogenating the second solid portion in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst to produce the hydrogenated product comprising at least one of THF, GBL or BDO, and recovering the hydrogenated product. | 10-06-2011 |
20110266133 | PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING MONOAMMONIUM ADIPATE FROM FERMENTATION BROTHS CONTAINING DIAMMONIUM ADIPATE, MONOAMMONIUM ADIPATE AND/OR ADIPIC ACID, AND CONVERSION OF MONOAMMONIUM ADIPATE TO ADIPIC ACID - A process for making MAA from a clarified DAA-containing fermentation broth includes (a) distilling the broth to form an overhead that includes water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes MAA, at least some DAA, and at least about 20 wt % water; (b) cooling the bottoms to a temperature sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a DAA-containing liquid portion in contact with a MAA-containing solid portion that is substantially free of DAA; (c) separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; and (d) recovering the solid portion. | 11-03-2011 |
20110269993 | PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING ADIPIC ACID FROM FERMENTATION BROTHS CONTAINING DIAMMONIUM ADIPATE - Processes for making AA from either a clarified DAA-containing fermentation broth or a clarified MAA-containing fermentation broth that include distilling the broth under super atmospheric pressure at a temperature of >100° C. to about 300° C. to form an overhead that comprises water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes AA, and at least about 20 wt % water; cooling the bottoms to a temperature sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a liquid portion and a solid portion that is substantially pure AA; and separating the solid portion from the liquid portion. A method also reduces the broth distillation temperature and pressure by adding an ammonia separating and/or water azeotroping solvent to the broth. | 11-03-2011 |
20110301364 | PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGENATED PRODUCTS - A process for making a hydrogenated product includes providing a clarified DAS-containing fermentation broth, distilling the broth to form an overhead that includes water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes MAS, at least some DAS, and at least about 20 wt % water, cooling and/or evaporating the bottoms, and optionally adding an antisolvent to the bottoms, to attain a temperature and composition sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a DAS-containing liquid portion and a MAS-containing solid portion that is substantially free of DAS, separating the solid portion from the liquid portion, recovering the solid portion, hydrogenating the second solid portion in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst to produce the hydrogenated product comprising at least one of THF, GBL or BDO, and recovering the hydrogenated product. | 12-08-2011 |
20110306777 | PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGENATED PRODUCTS - A process for making a hydrogenated product includes providing a clarified DAS-containing fermentation broth; distilling the broth under super atmospheric pressure at a temperature of >100° C. to about 300° C. to form an overhead that includes water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes SA, and at least about 20 wt % water; cooling the bottoms to a temperature sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a liquid portion in contact with a solid portion that is substantially pure SA; separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; recovering the solid portion; hydrogenating the solid portion in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst to produce the hydrogenated product including at least one of THF, GBL or BDO; and recovering the hydrogenated product. | 12-15-2011 |
20120095241 | PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGENATED PRODUCTS - A process for making a hydrogenated product includes providing a clarified DAS-containing fermentation broth, distilling the broth to form an overhead that includes water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes MAS, at least some DAS, and at least about 20 wt % water, cooling and/or evaporating the bottoms, and optionally adding an antisolvent to the bottoms, to attain a temperature and composition sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a DAS-containing liquid portion and a MAS-containing solid portion that is substantially free of DAS, separating the solid portion from the liquid portion, recovering the solid portion, hydrogenating the second solid portion in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst to produce the hydrogenated product comprising at least one of THF, GBL or BDO, and recovering the hydrogenated product. | 04-19-2012 |
20120123085 | PROCESSES FOR PREPARING DIACIDS, DIALDEHYDES AND POLYMERS - Alcohols are catalytically oxidized to aldehydes, in particular to benzaldehyde and diformylfuran, which are useful as intermediates for a multiplicity of purposes. The invention also relates to the polymerization of the dialdehyde and to the decarbonylation of the dialdehyde to furan. | 05-17-2012 |
20120123147 | KETOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS, METHODS OF MANUFACTURE AND USES THEREOF - Ketocarboxylic acids such as levulinic acid can be efficiently purified in high yield by esterification with a hydrocarbon polyol to the corresponding polyketocarboxylic ester, which can be readily purified, for example recrystallized. After purification, the ketocarboxylic ester can be hydrolyzed to provide pure ketocarboxylic acid, or a salt thereof, after removal of the esterifying hydrocarbon polyol, or used for other synthetic transformations. Advantageously, the polyketocarboxylic esters, ketocarboxylic acids, and salts thereof produced by this method are obtained in high purity. | 05-17-2012 |
20120171741 | Renewable Xylenes Produced from Bological C4 and C5 Molecules - The present invention is directed to a method for preparing renewable and relatively high purity p-xylene from biomass, and from C | 07-05-2012 |
20120215014 | PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGENATED PRODUCTS - A process for making a hydrogenated product includes providing a clarified DAS-containing fermentation broth, distilling the broth to form an overhead that includes water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes MAS, at least some DAS, and at least about 20 wt % water, cooling and/or evaporating the bottoms, and optionally adding an antisolvent to the bottoms, to attain a temperature and composition sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a DAS-containing liquid portion and a MAS-containing solid portion that is substantially free of DAS, separating the solid portion from the liquid portion, recovering the solid portion, hydrogenating the second solid portion in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst to produce the hydrogenated product comprising at least one of THF, GBL or BDO, and recovering the hydrogenated product. | 08-23-2012 |
20120238787 | RENEWABLE COMPOSITIONS - The present invention is directed to renewable compositions derived from fermentation of biomass, and integrated methods of preparing such compositions. | 09-20-2012 |
20120259146 | RENEWABLE COMPOSITIONS - The present invention is directed to renewable compositions derived from fermentation of biomass, and integrated methods of preparing such compositions. | 10-11-2012 |
20120323055 | RENEWABLE COMPOSITIONS - The present invention is directed to renewable compositions derived from fermentation of biomass, and integrated methods of preparing such compositions. | 12-20-2012 |
20130116398 | PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING CAPROLACTAM AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF FROM FERMENTATION BROTHS CONTAINING DIAMMONIUM ADIPATE, MONOAMMONIUM ADIPATE AND/OR ADIPIC ACID - Processes for making caprolactam (CL) from monoammonium adipate (MAA) and/or adipic aicd (AA) obtained from a clarified diammonium adipate-containing (DAA-containing) fermentation broth or MAA-containing fermentation broth and converting the MAA or AA to the CL with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst at selected temperatures and pressures. | 05-09-2013 |
20130131306 | PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING CAPROLACTAM AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF FROM FERMENTATION BROTHS CONTAINING DIAMMONIUM ADIPATE OR MONOAMMONIUM ADIPATE - Processes for producing caprolactam (CL) and derivatives thereof from adipic acid (AA) obtained from fermentation broths containing diammonium adipate (DAA) or monoammonium adipate (MAA). | 05-23-2013 |
20130140169 | PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING NH4+ -OOC-R-COOH COMPOUNDS FROM FERMENTATION BROTHS CONTAINING NH4+ -OOC-R-COO- NH4+ COMPOUNDS AND/OR HOOC-R-COOH COMPOUND ACIDS, AND CONVERSION OF NH4+ -OOC -R-COOH COMPOUNDS TO HOOC-R-COOH COMPOUND ACIDS - A process for making a NH | 06-06-2013 |
20130144028 | PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING DIAMINOBUTANE (DAB), SUCCINIC DINITRILE (SDN) AND SUCCINAMIDE (DAM) - Processes include providing a clarified diammonium succinate (DAS)- or monoammonium succinate (MAS)- containing fermentation broth; distilling the broth of an overhead that includes water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes SA, and at least about 20 wt % water; cooling the bottoms to a temperature sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a liquid portion in contact with a solid portion that is substantially pure SA; separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; and converting the solid portion to produce nitrogen containing compounds such as diamino butane (DAB), succinic dinitrile (SDN), succinic amino nitrile (SAN) or succinamide (DAM) and downstream products. | 06-06-2013 |
20130144070 | PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PYRROLIDONES - Processes for making pyrrolidones include making MAS and/or SA from a clarified DAS- and/or MAS-containing fermentation broth and converting the MAS or SA to the pyrrolidones, typically with catalysts at selected temperatures and pressures. | 06-06-2013 |
20130150551 | PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGENATED PRODUCTS AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF - Processes for making hydrogenated products including caprolactame (CL) caprolactone (CLO) or 1,6-hexanediol (HDO) and derivative thereof from monoammonium adipate (MAA) and/or adipic acid (AA) obtained from a clarified diammonium adipate-containing (DAA-containing) fermentation broth or monoammonium adipate-containing (MAA-containing) fermentation broth. | 06-13-2013 |
20130158229 | PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGENATED PRODUCTS AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF - A process for making a hydrogenated product comprising caprolactone (CLO) and 1,6-hexanediol (HDO) and derivatives thereof from adipic acid (AA) obtained from fermentation broths containing diammonium adipate (DAA) or monoammonium adipate (MAA). | 06-20-2013 |
20130172519 | PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING DIAMINOBUTANE (DAB), SUCCINIC DINITRILE (SDN) AND SUCCINAMIDE (DAM) - Processes that make nitrogen-containing compounds include converting succinic acid (SA) or monoammonium succinate (MAS) derived from a diammonium succinate (DAS)- or MAS-containing fermentation broth to produce such compounds including diaminobutane (DAB), succinic dinitrile (SDN), succinic amino nitrile (SAN), succinamide (DAM), and related polymers. | 07-04-2013 |
20130178637 | PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PYRROLIDONES - Processes for making pyrrolidones include providing a clarified diammonium succinate (DAS)-containing and/or monoammonium succinate (MAS)-containing fermentation broth; distilling the broth under super atmospheric pressure at a temperature of greater than 100° C. to about 300° C. to form an overhead that includes water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes SA, and at least about 20 wt % water; cooling and/or evaporating the bottoms to attain a temperature and composition sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a liquid portion and a solid portion that is substantially pure SA; separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; and converting the solid SA portion to pyrrolidones. | 07-11-2013 |
20130184499 | PREPARATION OF CATALYST FOR SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF HYDROGENATABLE PRECURSORS - A reduced metallic catalyst or pre-activated catalyst is formed by contacting a precursor catalyst or a reduced metallic catalyst with a modifier solution in the presence of a source of hydrogen and heat treating the precursor catalyst or the reduced metallic catalyst at super-atmospheric pressure to obtain the reduced metallic catalyst from the precursor catalyst or the pre-activated catalyst from the reduced metallic catalyst. A method of hydrogenating a hydrogenatable precursor includes providing a reduced metallic catalyst or the pre-activated catalyst prepared with modifier buffer and contacting the reduced metallic catalyst or pre-activated catalyst with the hydrogenatable precursor in the presence of hydrogen and, optionally, in the presence of a modifier solution. | 07-18-2013 |
20130261323 | INTEGRATED METHODS OF PREPARING RENEWABLE CHEMICALS - Isobutene, isoprene, and butadiene are obtained from mixtures of C | 10-03-2013 |
20130324694 | PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE (HMD), ADIPONITRILE (ADN), ADIPAMIDE (ADM) AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF - Processes for producing nitrogen containing compounds include producing hexamethylenediamine (HMD), adiponitrile (ADN), adipamide (ADM) and derivatives thereof from adipic acid (AA) obtained from fermentation broths containing diammonium adipate (DAA) or monoammonium adipate (MAA). | 12-05-2013 |
20140135471 | PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING BUTANEDIOL (BDO), DIAMINOBUTANE (DAB), SUCCINIC DINITRILE (SDN) AND SUCCINAMIDE (DAM) - Processes that, make nitrogen-containing compounds include converting succinic acid (SA) or monoammonium succinate (MAS) derived from a diammoniurn succinate (DAS)- or MAS-containing fermentation broth to produce such compounds Including diammobmane (DAB), succinic dinitrile (SDN), succinic amino nitrile (SAN), succinamide (DAM), and related polymers. | 05-15-2014 |
20140163267 | RENEWABLE COMPOSITIONS - The present invention is directed to renewable compositions derived from fermentation of biomass, and integrated methods of preparing such compositions. | 06-12-2014 |
20140295508 | METHODS FOR PREPARING 2,5-FURANDICARBOXYLIC ACID - Provided are methods of producing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from renewable sources such as seaweed, alginate, oligoalginate, pectin, oligopectin, polygalacturonate, galacturonate, and/or oligogalacturonate. The sugars in the renewable sources can be converted into one or more intermediates such as 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEHU), 4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose uronate (DTHU), 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), 2,5-dihydroxymethyl furan (DHMF), and 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFA), which can be converted into FDCA by dehydration and cyclization to produce 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFA), followed by oxidation to produce FDCA. DEHU or DTHU may also be converted into FDCA by oxidation to produce 2,3-dihydroxy-5-oxohexanedioic acid (DOHA), which then undergoes dehydration and cyclization to produce FDCA. | 10-02-2014 |