Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080286319 | Antimicrobial surfaces and methods for preparing antimicrobial surfaces - The present invention relates to biocidal articles. In an embodiment the biocidal article comprises a plurality of polymers having biocidally active groups. The polymers are attached to a surface and may have a polydispersity less than 3. The biocidally active groups may comprise at least one of a quaternary ammonium salt, a quaternary phosphonium salt or a chloroamine. The attached polymers may be any microstructure, topology or composition, such as, a homopolymer, block copolymer, multiblock copolymer, a random copolymer, graft polymer, a branched or a hyperbranched polymer, and a gradient copolymer. The present invention also comprises a process for the preparation of a biocidal article. Embodiments of the process comprise polymerizing radically polymerizable monomers from an initiator attached to a surface, wherein at least a portion of the monomers comprise a group capable of being converted to a biocidally active group, and converting the group to the biocidally active group. | 11-20-2008 |
20090171024 | PREPARATION OF BLOCK COPOLYMERS - The present invention is directed towards a polymerization process for the preparation of block copolymers. In an embodiment, the polymerization process may comprise low levels of catalyst in an oxidized state that react with a reducing agent to form an active catalyst. Embodiments of the process surprisingly use low levels of catalysts and allow formation of the all blocks with the same catalyst. The catalyst may be deactivated and reactivated to form each block. In one embodiment of the invention, the catalyst is oxidized to the deactivator state when the desired degree of polymerization of a polymer segment or block is reached. The first monomer may be removed prior to addition of the second monomer. The catalyst may then be reactivated for preparation of a second block. A further embodiment may include addition of second radically polymerizable monomer to provide efficient initiation of the macroinitiator to transition from polymerization of the first block or segment to polymerization of a second block or blocks. | 07-02-2009 |
20090176951 | Atom transfer radical polymerization in microemulsion and true emulsion polymerization processes - The invention is directed to a microemulsion polymerization comprising adding a polymerization catalyst precursor, such as a transition metal complex in the higher of two accessible oxidation states, an ATRP initiator, and an organic solvent to an aqueous solution to form an emulsion. Radically polymerizable monomers and a reducing agent may then be added to the emulsion. The reducing agent converts the catalyst precursor to a catalyst for polymerization of the first monomer from the initiator. In certain embodiments the organic solvent may comprise radically polymerizable monomers. The aqueous solution may comprise a surfactant. Further embodiments are directed to an ah initio polymerization process comprising adding a polymerization catalyst precursor; an ATRP initiator, and an organic solvent to an aqueous solution to form an emulsion, wherein the organic solvent comprises second radically polymerizable monomers, adding a reducing agent to convert the catalyst precursor to a catalyst for polymerization of the first radically polymerizable monomer from the initiator; and adding first radically polymerizable monomers to the emulsion. | 07-09-2009 |
20090312505 | Polymerization Process with catalyst reactivation - Polymerization processes of the present invention comprise low catalyst concentration. Embodiments include a polymerization process comprising polymerizing free radically (co)polymerizable monomers in a polymerization medium comprising one or more radically (co)polymerizable monomers, a transition metal catalyst complex capable of participating in a one electron redox reaction with an ATRP initiator; a free radical initiator; and an ATRP initiator; (wherein the concentration of transition metal catalyst complex in the polymerization medium is less than 100 ppm). Further embodiments include a polymerization process, comprising polymerizing one or more radically (co)polymerizable monomers in the presence of at least one transition metal catalyst complex; and an ATRP initiator; and a reducing agent; wherein the transition metal catalyst complex is present at less than 10″3 mole compared to the moles of radically transferable atoms or groups present on the ATRP initiator. | 12-17-2009 |
20100249271 | HYBRID PARTICE COMPOSITE STRUCTURES WITH REDUCED SCATTERING - A core-shell composite particle for incorporation into a composite wherein the composite has improved transparency is disclosed. The core-shell composite particle includes a core material having a first refractive index and a shell material having a second refractive index where the core-shell particle has an effective refractive index determined by the first refractive index and the second refractive index. The effective refractive index is substantially equal to the refractive index of the envisioned embedding medium. Methods of forming the core-shell particles are also disclosed. | 09-30-2010 |
20100273906 | ATOM TRANFER DISPERSION POLYMERIZATION - The present disclosure describes a two-step batch dispersion polymerization process for the preparation of substantially uniformed-sized functional (co)polymer particles. The first step of the process includes polymerizing at least one first radically (co)polymerizable monomer by a free radical polymerization process to form a (co)polymer in a stable colloidal dispersion and the second step includes polymerizing the at first radically (co)polymerizable monomer or an additional radically (co)polymerizable monomer in the stable colloidal dispersion by a living/controlled radical (co)polymerization process. | 10-28-2010 |
20110046324 | IMPROVED CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION PROCESSES - A transition metal mediated chain transfer agent controlled polymerization process is described. The process combines the advantages of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Synthesis of chain transfer agents useful in the disclosed processes is also disclosed. Other improvements on ATRP RAFT processes are also described. | 02-24-2011 |
20110060107 | PREPARATION OF FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS - The process of the present invention is directed toward conducting highly selective, high yield post polymerization reactions on polymers to prepare functionalized polymers. An embodiment of the present invention comprises conducting click chemistry reactions on polymers. Preferably, the polymers were prepared by controlled polymerization processes. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention comprise processes for the preparation of polymers comprising conducting a click chemistry reaction on a functional group attached to a polymer, wherein the polymer has a molecular weight distribution of less than 2.0. The functional polymers may be prepared by converting an attached functional unit on the polymer thereby providing site specific functional materials, site specific functional materials comprising additional functionality, or chain extended functional materials. | 03-10-2011 |
20110065875 | POLYMERIZATION PROCESS WITH CATALYST REACTIVATION - Polymerization processes of the present invention comprise low catalyst concentration. Embodiments include a polymerization process comprising polymerizing free radically (co)polymerizable monomers in a polymerization medium comprising one or more radically (co)polymerizable monomers, a transition metal catalyst complex capable of participating in a one electron redox reaction with an ATRP initiator; a free radical initiator; and an ATRP initiator; (wherein the concentration of transition metal catalyst complex in the polymerization medium is less than 100 ppm). Further embodiments include a polymerization process, comprising polymerizing one or more radically (co)polymerizable monomers in the presence of at least one transition metal catalyst complex; an ATRP initiator; and a reducing agent; wherein the transition metal catalyst complex is present at less than 10 | 03-17-2011 |
20110218306 | ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION PROCESS - Embodiments of the polymerization process of the present invention are directed to polymerizing free radically polymerizable monomers in the presence of a polymerization medium initially comprising at least one transition metal catalyst and an atom transfer radical polymerization initiator. The polymerization medium may additionally comprise a reducing agent. The reducing agent may be added initially or during the polymerization process in a continuous or intermittent manner. The polymerization process may further comprises reacting the reducing agent with at least one of the transition metal catalyst in an oxidized state and a compound comprising a radically transferable atom or group to form a compound that does not participate significantly in control of the polymerization process. Embodiments of the present invention comprise reacting a reducing agent with at least one of catalyst in an oxidized state and a compound comprising a radically transferable atom or group to initiate and/or maintain catalytic activity throughout the polymerization process. | 09-08-2011 |
20110290635 | POLYMERIZATION INHIBITOR COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF INHIBITING POLYMERIZATION OF DISTILLABLE MONOMERS - The present invention relates to a polymerization inhibitor composition and a method of inhibiting polymerization of distillable monomers in liquid and evaporated/condensed phases with the polymerization inhibitor composition. The polymerization inhibitor composition is useful for inhibiting polymerization of the distillable monomers during manufacture, purification (e.g., distillation), handling, and storage thereof. | 12-01-2011 |
20120077899 | PREPARATION OF FUNCTIONAL STAR MACROMOLECULES - A process for constructing multi-arm star macromolecules with uniform properties, high molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution using free radical polymerization is described. | 03-29-2012 |
20120213986 | PROCEDURES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC CAPACITANCE IN CARBON STRUCTURES - The present disclosure describes a carbon electrode having a high specific capacitance and method for forming an electrode. The electrode includes a graphitic carbon material having porous nanographene structures with edge-on topology to a plurality of formed pores, dispersed in an amorphous carbon matrix. The graphitic carbon material is formed by pyrolysis of phase separated block copolymers. | 08-23-2012 |
20130011441 | TARGETED DELIVERY OF siRNA - The present invention relates to nanostructured bioconjugates and nano-structured network hydrogels used to deliver nucleic acids to targeted biological locations. The present invention further relates to methods of treating clinical conditions using the nanostructured bioconjugates and nano-structured network hydrogels. | 01-10-2013 |
20130131278 | MODIFICATION OF SURFACES WITH POLYMERS - A polymer formed by controlled radical polymerization includes groups that can be modified after controlled radical polymerization to form a radical. The polymer can be the reaction product of a controlled radical polymerization of radically polymerizable monomers, wherein at least one of the radically polymerizable monomers includes at least one group that can be modified after the controlled radical polymerization to form a radical. | 05-23-2013 |
20130158203 | COMPOSITIONS AND METHOD OF INHIBITING POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL-ARYL MONOMERS - The invention generally relates to a method of inhibiting polymerization of vinyl | 06-20-2013 |
20130261259 | GENETICALLY ENCODED INITIATOR FOR POLYMER GROWTH FROM PROTEINS - This invention pertains to methods for producing homogeneous recombinant proteins that contain polymer initiators at defined sites. The unnatural amino acid, 4-(2′-bromoisobutyramido)phenylalanine of formula 1, was designed and synthesized as a molecule comprising a functional group further comprising an initiator for an atom-transfer radical polymerization (‘ATRP”) that additionally would provide a stable linkage between the protein and growing polymer. We evolved a | 10-03-2013 |
20140004591 | SITE SPECIFICALLY INCORPORATED INITIATOR FOR GROWTH OF POLYMERS FROM PROTEINS | 01-02-2014 |
20140058032 | MODIFICATION OF SURFACES WITH POLYMERS - A polymer formed by controlled radical polymerization includes groups that can be modified after controlled radical polymerization to form a radical. The polymer can be the reaction product of a controlled radical polymerization of radically polymerizable monomers, wherein at least one of the radically polymerizable monomers includes at least one group that can be modified after the controlled radical polymerization to form a radical. | 02-27-2014 |
20140183055 | ELECTROCHEMICALLY MEDIATED ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION - Electrochemical reduction of an exemplary ATRP catalyst, C | 07-03-2014 |
20140275420 | ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION UNDER BIOLOGICALLY COMPATIBLE CONDITIONS - Methods for conducting controlled grafting-from radical polymerizations from biomolecules under conditions that are biologically compatible are described. The methods provide biomolecule-polymer conjugates with highly controlled structures and narrow polydispersities under aqueous reaction conditions and biological temperatures. Biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleotides can be conjugated to polymers with high levels of control. | 09-18-2014 |
20150087795 | LIGANDS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE HIGHLY ACTIVE CATALYST COMPLEXES - A series of ligands with site specific electron donating substituents that form a catalyst complex with a transition metal and are suitable for catalysis of atom transfer radical reactions, including ATRP are described. Faster catalysis rates were observed allowing for low catalyst concentrations and linear increases in molecular weight with monomer conversion, and narrow molecular weight distributions. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that increasing the strength and number of conjugated electron donating groups resulted in more stable complexes and larger ATRP equilibrium constants. | 03-26-2015 |