Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100106813 | QUORUM BASED TRANSACTIONALLY CONSISTENT MEMBERSHIP MANAGEMENT IN DISTRIBUTED STORAGE SYSTEMS - Systems and methods that restore a failed reconfiguration of nodes in a distributed environment. By analyzing reports from read/write quorums of nodes associated with a configuration, automatic recovery for data partitions can be facilitated. Moreover, a configuration manager component tracks current configurations for replication units and determines whether a reconfiguration is required (e.g., due to node failures, node recovery, replica additions/deletions, replica moves, or replica role changes, and the like.) Reconfigurations of data activated as being replicated from an old configuration to being replicated on a new configuration may be performed in a transactionally consistent manner based on dynamic quorums associated with the new configuration and the old configuration. | 04-29-2010 |
20100114826 | CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT IN DISTRIBUTED DATA SYSTEMS - Systems and methods for managing configurations of data nodes in a distributed environment A configuration manager is implemented as a set of distributed master nodes that may use quorum-based processing to enable reliable identification of master nodes storing current configuration information, even if some of the master nodes fail. If a quorum of master nodes cannot be achieved or some other event occurs that precludes identification of current configuration information, the configuration manager may be rebuilt by analyzing reports from read/write quorums of nodes associated with a configuration, allowing automatic recovery of data partitions. | 05-06-2010 |
20110184915 | CLUSTER RESTORE AND REBUILD - Architecture that facilitates the restoration of a cluster database in a scalable way using backups (e.g., SQL database backups) and a partition rebuild mechanism to achieve a high level of partition level data consistency, even when restore fails on individual machines and/or machine failure occurs. The architecture restores replicas of the partitions in consideration that the backups may be created at different points and at different times. Optimized parallelism is achieved in restoring each database machine using local backups, which eliminates cross-machine network traffic. Thus, fast recovery of the distributed database can be accomplished on the order of hours over thousands of machines and terabytes of data. | 07-28-2011 |
20120109892 | PARTITIONING ONLINE DATABASES - The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for partitioning online databases. Online database operations, such as, for example, SPLIT, MERGE, and DROP, are used to alter the arrangement of partitions in a federated database. A SPLIT operation splits rows at one partition across a plurality of other partitions. A MERGE operation merges rows at a plurality of partitions in to one partition. A DROP operation shifts responsibility for rows of data from one partition to another partition and then drops the rows from the one partition. | 05-03-2012 |
20120109926 | SCOPED DATABASE CONNECTIONS - The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for scoping the context used to access a database partition. Embodiments of the invention enable data isolation using partitions in multi-tenant databases, while relieving client applications from dealing with the partitions. For example, a computer system that includes a distributed database system comprising a plurality of database partitions in a federation receives a context to use when performing database access operations within the distributed database system. The context identifies specified relevant portion of the federation. The computer system also receives a database access operation that is associated with the context. The computer system modifies the semantics of the database access operation in accordance with the associated context, to direct application of the database access operation to the specified relevant portion of the federation. | 05-03-2012 |
20120239616 | SEAMLESS UPGRADES IN A DISTRIBUTED DATABASE SYSTEM - Embodiments are directed to providing distributed database service upgrades of database server instances in a computer cluster using multiple database server instances and to monitoring and maintaining a distributed database service during upgrade. In an embodiment, each computer system in a computer cluster instantiates at least two different database server instances on each of the nodes in the cluster. The first database server instances are configured to operate using a current distributed database version and the second instances are configured to operate using a new, updated distributed database service version. The computer system receives an indication that the distributed database service is to be upgraded. Then, based on the received indication, the computer system migrates database replicas from the first database server instances to the second database server instances which operate the new, updated service version, substantially without user-visible downtime. | 09-20-2012 |
20120254669 | PROACTIVE FAILURE HANDLING IN DATABASE SERVICES - Embodiments are directed to predicting the health of a computer node using health report data and to proactively handling failures in database services. In an embodiment, a computer system monitors various health indicators for multiple nodes in a database cluster. The computer system accesses stored health indicators that provide a health history for the database cluster nodes. The computer system then generates a health status based on the monitored health factors and the health history. The generated health status indicates the likelihood that the node will be healthy within a specified future time period. The computer system then leverages the generated health status to handle current or predicted failures. The computer system also presents the generated health status to a user or other entity. | 10-04-2012 |
20130232115 | Quorum Based Transactionally Consistent Membership Management in Distributed Storage - Systems and methods that restore a failed reconfiguration of nodes in a distributed environment. By analyzing reports from read/write quorums of nodes associated with a configuration, automatic recovery for data partitions can be facilitated. Moreover, a configuration manager component tracks current configurations for replication units and determines whether a reconfiguration is required (e.g., due to node failures, node recovery, replica additions/deletions, replica moves, or replica role changes, and the like.) Reconfigurations of data activated as being replicated from an old configuration to being replicated on a new configuration may be performed in a transactionally consistent manner based on dynamic quorums associated with the new configuration and the old configuration. | 09-05-2013 |
20140164329 | Dynamically Varying the Number of Database Replicas - Embodiments of the invention dynamically vary the number of replicas based on certain conditions to protect users from data loss. The size of the database is one condition that can be used to determine the number of replicas required. A database system may create three replicas. When the database size exceeds a first threshold, a fourth replica may be created. The fourth replica is maintained as long as the database size is above a second threshold that is smaller than the first threshold. However, when the database shrinks below the second threshold, then the fourth replica is deleted. Using two different thresholds in this manner prevents the system from frequently cycling between three and four replicas. | 06-12-2014 |
20140344221 | PARTITIONING ONLINE DATABASES - Methods, systems, and computer program products are provided for partitioning online databases. Online database operations, such as, for example, SPLIT, MERGE, and DROP, are used to alter the arrangement of partitions in a federated database. A SPLIT operation splits rows at one partition across a plurality of other partitions. A MERGE operation merges rows at a plurality of partitions in to one partition. A DROP operation shifts responsibility for rows of data from one partition to another partition and then drops the rows from the one partition. | 11-20-2014 |
20140365658 | DEFRAGMENTING CLUSTERS WITH RESERVED RESOURCES - Defragmenting a cluster service to service additional capacity requests on the service. A method includes determining an amount of server resources needed for an additional deployment reservation request for a new deployment or increasing reservation of resources of an existing deployment. The method further includes determining a server that currently does not have capacity to service the additional deployment reservation request. The method further includes determining how resources on the server can be freed up by moving other replicas of other deployments on the server to other servers to allow the server to service the additional deployment reservation request. | 12-11-2014 |
20150067411 | PROACTIVE FAILURE HANDLING IN NETWORK NODES - Embodiments are directed to predicting the health of a computer node using health report data and to proactively handling failures in computer network nodes. In an embodiment, a computer system monitors various health indicators for multiple nodes in a computer network. The computer system accesses stored health indicators that provide a health history for the computer network nodes. The computer system then generates a health status based on the monitored health factors and the health history. The generated health status indicates the likelihood that the node will be healthy within a specified future time period. The computer system then leverages the generated health status to handle current or predicted failures. The computer system also presents the generated health status to a user or other entity. | 03-05-2015 |
20150261784 | Dynamically Varying the Number of Database Replicas - Embodiments of the invention dynamically vary the number of replicas based on certain conditions to protect users from data loss. The size of the database is one condition that can be used to determine the number of replicas required. A database system may create three replicas. When the database size exceeds a first threshold, a fourth replica may be created. The fourth replica is maintained as long as the database size is above a second threshold that is smaller than the first threshold. However, when the database shrinks below the second threshold, then the fourth replica is deleted. Using two different thresholds in this manner prevents the system from frequently cycling between three and four replicas. | 09-17-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100329206 | DUAL IDLE-TRAFFIC STATE OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICE - A wireless communication device maintains a dual idle-traffic state where the wireless communication device is in an idle state relative to a first transceiver node and is in a traffic state relative to a second transceiver node. First control signals are received from the first transceiver node and second control signals are received from the second transceiver node where the second control signals are different from the first control signals. | 12-30-2010 |
20110286426 | CONTROL DATA TRANSMISSION OVER A DATA CHANNEL BY A CONTROLLING BASE STATION - A controlling base station sends, to a wireless communication device, control data related to communication between a communication base station and the wireless communication device. The control data is transmitted in accordance with a communication specification and is transmitted to allow reception by the wireless communication device of the control data within a data channel having a frequency and time allocated by the communication specification for the wireless communication device to receive data transmissions from the communication base station. | 11-24-2011 |
20120033622 | TRANSMISSION OF SYNCHRONIZATION INFORMATION IN A HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A communication system includes at least a large service area (LSA) base station having a LSA geographical service area and a small service area (SSA) base station having a SSA geographical service area that is smaller than the LSA geographical service area and at least partially overlaps the LSA geographical service area in an overlap region. The LSA base station is configured to provide wireless service to first mobile communication devices which includes exchanging communication data. The SSA base station is configured to provide wireless service to second mobile communication devices which includes exchanging other communication data. Primary synchronization information is required by a mobile communication device for communication with the LSA base station and for communication with the SSA base station. Secondary synchronization information is required by a mobile communication device for communication with the LSA base station and tertiary synchronization information is required by a mobile communication device for communication with the SSA base station. A controller in the system allocates transmission of the primary synchronization information from at least one of the base stations over a physical channel having a defined transmission time and transmission frequency. If transmission of the primary synchronization information is allocated from both base stations, the primary synchronization information is allocated for transmission by the LSA base station and the SSA base station over the first physical channel. The controller also allocates transmission of the secondary synchronization information from at least one of the base stations over a second physical channel having a second defined transmission time and second transmission frequency. If transmission of the secondary synchronization information is allocated from both base stations, the secondary synchronization information is allocated for transmission by the LSA base station and the SSA base station over the second physical channel. | 02-09-2012 |
20120034924 | CONTROL CHANNEL ARCHITECTURE - A communication system includes at least a large service area (LSA) base station having a LSA geographical service area and a small service area (SSA) base station having a SSA geographical service area that is smaller than the LSA geographical service area and at least partially overlaps the LSA geographical service area in an overlap region. The LSA base station is configured to provide wireless service to first mobile communication devices which includes exchanging communication data and is assigned a first logical control channel comprising first control information corresponding to the first mobile communication devices. The SSA base station is configured to provide wireless service to second mobile communication devices which includes exchanging other communication data and is assigned a second logical channel comprising second control information corresponding to the second mobile communication devices. The first logical channel and the second logical channel also have common control information that is the same. A controller in the system allocates transmission of the common control information from at least one of the base stations over a physical channel having a defined transmission time and transmission frequency. If transmission of the common control information is allocated from both base stations, the common control information is allocated for transmission by the LSA base station and the SSA base station over the physical channel. | 02-09-2012 |
20120120881 | SUBCARRIER ALLOCATION FOR DOWNLINK CHANNELS IN AN ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEX (OFDM) COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - By managing power weighting of the subcarriers, one or more subcarrier frequencies are used for simultaneous downlink transmission by base stations having at least partially overlapping service areas in an orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) communication system. For one implementation, the communication system includes large service area (LSA) base stations having LSA geographical service areas and small service area (SSA) base stations having SSA geographical service areas that are smaller than the LSA geographical service areas and may at least partially overlap with the LSA geographical service areas. The base stations are arranged and configured to provide wireless communication service to mobile wireless communication devices within the service areas using orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) techniques where signals are transmitted over a plurality of subcarriers. Subcarriers with lower power weightings are assigned to mobile wireless communication devices having channel quality above a threshold and subcarriers with higher power weighting are assigned to mobile wireless communication devices having channel quality below the threshold. | 05-17-2012 |
20130003709 | MOBILE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICE WITH MULTIPLE TRANSCEIVERS - A mobile wireless communication device has multiple 802.11 transceivers. A first transceiver maintains a first 802.11 communication link in accordance with the 802.11 communication specification. A second transceiver maintains, simultaneously to the first transceiver maintaining the first 802.11 communication link, a second 802.11 communication link in accordance with the 802.11 communication specification. The first transceiver comprises first physical layer electronics for executing the physical layer functions of the first 802.11 communication link. The second transceiver comprises second physical layer electronics for executing the physical layer functions of the second 802.11 communication link. The electronics are implemented such that no portion of the first physical layer electronics forms a portion of the second physical layer electronics when the links are being simultaneously maintained. | 01-03-2013 |
20130044696 | CIRCUIT SWITCHED FALL BACK WITHOUT CONNECTION RELEASE AUTHORIZATION - A mobile wireless communication device, in response to a circuit switched page message, suspends an LTE session and engages in a circuit switched call without a determination of receipt of a connection release message from the LTE network. The mobile wireless communication device, therefore, suspends the LTE session before, or without, receiving any connection release message authorizing the termination of the LTE session. | 02-21-2013 |
20130065515 | REPEATER WITH MOBILE COMMUNICATION DEVICE FEEDBACK - The apparatus comprises a plurality of antennas that are configured to receive wireless signals comprising communication signals and interference signals. Each antenna provides an antenna output signal that is processed by a wireless signal processor of the apparatus to generate a processed wireless signal. A user equipment (UE) communication interface is configured to transmit the processed wireless signal to the mobile wireless communication device. A signal quality feedback interface receives, from the mobile wireless communication device, a wireless feedback signal indicating the characteristic of the processed wireless signal received at the mobile wireless communication device. The wireless signal processor combines the antenna output signals based on the wireless feedback signal to minimize interference signals received at the mobile wireless communication device. | 03-14-2013 |
20130083770 | CONTROL CHANNEL ARCHITECTURE WITH CONTROL INFORMATION DISTRIBUTED OVER MULTIPLE SUBFRAMES - Control information ( | 04-04-2013 |
20130089068 | CONTROL CHANNEL ARCHITECTURE WITH CONTROL INFORMATION DISTRIBUTED OVER MULTIPLE SUBFRAMES ON DIFFERENT CARRIERS - Control information ( | 04-11-2013 |
20130136103 | HANDOVERS IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS WITH HIERARCHICAL CELLS USING DIFFERENT TRANSMISSION TIME PERIODS FOR UPLINK COMMUNICATION - An originating transceiver node provides wireless service to a wireless communication device that is transmitting uplink signals within originating uplink time periods assigned to the originating transceiver node. A target transceiver node is assigned target uplink time periods for uplink communication from wireless communication devices receiving wireless service from the target transceiver node where the target uplink time periods are different from the originating uplink time periods. The target transceiver node monitors the originating uplink time periods and transmits a message if an uplink signal is received within an originating uplink time slot. In some circumstances, the target transceiver node sends the message only if a determination is made that the wireless communication device transmitting the uplink signal has a proximity to the target transceiver node that is less than a threshold. | 05-30-2013 |
20130244569 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TRANSPARENT POINT-TO-POINT HANDOVERS OF A MOBILE RELAY - Systems and methods for transparent handovers of mobile relays on high-speed vehicles. In an embodiment, a base station of a wireless communications network transmits identification data to a mobile relay on a high-speed vehicle. The identification data identifies base stations which are configured for transparent handovers. The network also receives data indicative of a scheduled path of the high-speed vehicle, which it uses to select a target base station for communication with the mobile relay. Once the target base station has been selected, the network begins servicing the mobile relay from the second base station, without requiring any measurement values from the mobile relay and without handover signaling. | 09-19-2013 |
20130303081 | WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH ADJACENT BASE STATIONS TRANSMITTING A COMMON GROUP CELL IDENTIFIER - A common group cell identifier is transmitted by adjacent base stations. Handover processing is minimized for mobile relays traveling along a predetermined path that traverses the adjacent base stations. A first base station along the path transmits a group cell identifier and a first single cell identifier within a first service area. An adjacent base station transmits the group cell identifier and a second single cell identifier within a second service area that at least partially overlaps the first service area. The mobile relay monitors the group cell identifier in certain situations and only performs a handover when the group cell identifier changes. As a result, no handovers are initiated as the mobile relay travels down the path since the group cell identifier transmitted by the base stations along the path are the same. | 11-14-2013 |
20140098734 | TRANSMISSION OF MBSFN SUBFRAME WITHIN A NON-LTE SERVICE AREA - A proxy multicast-broadcast single-frequency network (MBSFN) subframe conforming to a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication specification is transmitted within an MBSFN proxy region that at least partially overlaps with a non-LTE service area of a non-LTE access node providing wireless service to user equipment (UE) devices in the non-LTE service area. The non-LTE access node provides wireless service in accordance with a non-LTE communication specification that is different from the LTE communication specification. The MBSFN proxy region is smaller than, and is within an LTE service area of an LTE access node that provides wireless service to UE devices within the LTE service area in accordance with the LTE communication specification. The proxy MBSFN subframe is transmitted with a timing and frequency such that a UE device receiving service from the LTE access node is capable of receiving the MBSFN subframe. | 04-10-2014 |
20140293858 | NODE DETECTION IN A CELLULAR COMMUNICATION NETWORK - A technique for detecting a neighboring node in a cellular communication network is disclosed. The neighboring node may employ a different radio access technology (RAT) and/or operate at a different frequency than adjacent nodes. The neighboring node transmits cell-specific or user equipment (UE) specific information using one or more Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) subframes. This information can include data and/or control signaling for handover processing. A UE currently being served by another node can monitor the MBSFN subframes and initiate a search for the neighboring node, including inter-frequency measurements, based on the information contained in the MBSFN subframes. This allows UEs located at cell boundaries to become aware of the presence of the neighboring node, and may reduce UE power consumption used in searching for neighboring nodes, particularly those operating at a different carrier frequency or having a different RAT, for example, a wireless local area network (WIAN). | 10-02-2014 |
20140307705 | DEVICE BEACON FOR COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT FOR PEER TO PEER COMMUNICATIONS - A wireless communication device transmits a device beacon in accordance with a system timing of a wireless wide area network (WWAN). For one example, the beacon is transmitted relative to WWAN uplink channels of the time-frequency space of the uplink WWAN channel assignment. In response to the reception of the device beacon by another wireless communication device, a peer to peer communication session is established. | 10-16-2014 |
20140313969 | HANDOVER MANAGEMENT USING A BROADCAST CHANNEL IN A NETWORK HAVING SYNCHRONIZED BASE STATIONS - Handovers of mobile wireless communications device from a source base station to a target base station are managed by transmitting handover information over a shared broadcast channel The handover information required by a mobile wireless communication device for performing a handover may be transmitted within a Multicast Broadcast Multimedia Services (MBfviS) Single Frequency Network (M8SFN) subframe in some circumstances. In one example, the handover information includes Uplink (UL) allocation information, timing advance (TA) information, and a Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), The synchronization between base stations of the MBMS system allows for the elimination of some messaging required in conventional systems for synchronization between the mobile wireless communication service and a target base station. As a result the time for performing a handover is reduced. | 10-23-2014 |
20140314047 | HANDOVER SIGNALING USING AN MBSFN CHANNEL IN A CELLULAR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A method of handover signaling in a cellular communication system is disclosed. Prior to a user equipment (UE) undergoing a cell-to-cell transition, a target node transmits handover-related signaling in one or more Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) subframes in order to reduce handover delay. The cellular communication system includes a source node configured to transfer a handover (HO) request to the target node. The (HO) request corresponds to a (UE) presently being served by the source node. The target node is configured to transmit (HO) information to the (UE) over at least one MBSFN subframe in response to the (HO) request. | 10-23-2014 |
20140321423 | DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT USING MACROCELL COMMUNICATION RESOURCES - Macrocell communication resources are assigned for device-to-device (D2D) communication between two wireless communication user equipment (UE) devices. A scheduler in a communication system schedules (assigns) scheduled downlink communication resources for downlink transmission of signals from a base station, schedules (assigns) scheduled uplink communication resources for uplink communication from wireless communication (UE) devices to base stations, and schedules (assigns) (D2D) communication resources for (D2D) communication between wireless communication (UE) devices. The (D2D) communication resources are selected from either defined downlink communication resources or defined uplink communication resources that are defined by communication specification. The base station sends communication resource allocation (CRA) information to at least one of the wireless communication (UE) devices where the communication resource allocation information identifies the (D2D) communication resources for use by the wireless communication (UE) devices to communicate through a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. | 10-30-2014 |
20140328299 | TRANSMISSION OF DEVICE TO DEVICE SOUNDING REFERENCE SIGNALS USING MACROCELL COMMUNICATION RESOURCES - A first wireless communication user equipment (UE) device transmits a device-to device (D2D) Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) to a second wireless communication (UE) device using microcell communication resources. The second wireless communication (UE) device evaluates the SRS to discover the first wireless communication (UE) device, estimate channel conditions, and/or determine Channel State Information. Information indicative of the CSI is reported to a base station. Based on the reported channel conditions, (D2D) communication resources are scheduled by assigning microcell communication resources to the wireless communication (UE) devices. | 11-06-2014 |
20140348052 | INTER-CELL MESSAGING USING MBSFN SUBFRAME - A cellular communication system and method for delivering information, e.g., data and/or control-signaling, to a user equipment (UE) from a neighboring node are disclosed. The cellular communication system includes a first node configured to transmit information in one or more Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) subframes over a radio frequency (RF) (ink between the first node and the UE, while the UE is being served by a second node. The first node can use a network-defined, dedicated portion of the MBSFN subframe for this purpose. Instead of only allowing the second node to send data/signaling messages to the UE, the disclosed techniques allow neighboring nodes to also deliver information to the UE. In particular, the neighboring nodes can transmit data and/or control-signaling to the UE using MBSFN subframes in order to minimize signaling overhead and signaling delay. | 11-27-2014 |
20150111587 | MANAGEMENT OF DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COMMUNICATION RESOURCES USING MACROCELL COMMUNICATION RESOURCES - Macrocell communication resources | 04-23-2015 |
20150131556 | ACKNOWLEDGMENT MESSAGING OVER REFERENCE SIGNALS - A first wireless communication device transmits a reference signal at a series of transmission times to transmit a plurality of reference signals over time. The first wireless communication device receives a communication signal from a second device. In response to determining at the first device that an acknowledgment response should be sent to the second device in response to the communication signal, the first wireless communication device applies a code to the reference signal for at least one of the transmission times of the series of transmission times. The resulting coded reference signal indicates an acknowledgment response to the second wireless communication device. | 05-14-2015 |
20150146633 | MANAGEMENT OF DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COMMUNICATION RESOURCES USING CHANNEL SYMMETRY - A first wireless communication device measures a signal characteristic of a reference signal transmitted by a second wireless communication device. The first wireless communication device transmits information to a base station where the information is based of the measured signal characteristic. A scheduler evaluates the information to identify device to device (D2D) communication resources. The base station transmits, to the first wireless communication device, D2D resource allocation information indicating the D2D communication resources. The first wireless communication device transmits a D2D signal to the second wireless communication device using the assigned D2D communication resources. | 05-28-2015 |
20150156757 | TRANSMISSION OF DEVICE-TO-DEVICE (D2D) CONTROL DATA FROM A FIRST D2D DEVICE TO A SECOND D2D DEVICE IN A CELLULAR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A first wireless communication device receives device-to-device D2D control information from a base station in a cellular communication system and sends second device D2D control data to a second wireless communication device. The second device control data may comprise resources information and is used for establishing a D2D communication over a link between the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device; the second device D2D control data is at least partially based on the D2D control information. | 06-04-2015 |
20150163842 | DEVICE DISCOVERY MANAGEMENT USING PEER DEVICE RELATIONSHIPS FOR DEVICE-TO-DEVICE (D2D) COMMUNICATION - In a macrocell wireless communication system that supports device-to-device (D2D) communication. wireless communication devices | 06-11-2015 |
20150282206 | ADVANCE COMMUNICATION RESOURCE NOTIFICATION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS HAVING OVERLAPPING SERVICE AREAS - In a communication system that includes at least a first base station ( | 10-01-2015 |