Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090024229 | Devitalization and recellularization of cartilage - The present invention is directed toward recellularizing a devitalized cartilage graft with viable recellularizable cells in vivo, in situ, or in vitro to render the tissue vital. The present invention is also directed toward repairing a cartilage defect and implanting a cartilage graft into a human or animal by crafting a cartilage matrix into individual grafts, disinfecting and cleaning the cartilage graft, applying a pretreatment solution to the cartilage graft, removing cellular debris using an extracting solution to produce a devitalized cartilage graft, recellularizing the devitalized cartilage graft, implanting the cartilage graft into the cartilage defect with or without an insertion device, and sealing the implanted cartilage graft with recipient tissue. The devitalized cartilage graft is optionally stored between the removing cellular debris and the recellularizing steps. The present invention is directed to both recellularized cartilage grafts as well as a process for recellularizing cartilage grafts. | 01-22-2009 |
20090041729 | Process for Decellularizing Soft-Tissue Engineered Medical Implants, and Decellularized Soft-Tissue Medical Implants Produced - The invention provides methodologies and apparatus for producing acellular soft-tissue implants, both in small quantities and in commercializable quantities. Such soft-tissue implants include vascular graft substitutes. An acellular graft is produced by subjecting the tissue sample to an induced pressure mediated flow of an extracting solution, followed by inducing a pressure mediated flow of a treating solution, then washing the treated tissue to produce the acellular graft. The acellular grafts produced are uniform and non-immunogenic. The inventive method allows for the production of multiple decellularized soft tissue implants, where processing time is significantly less than prior art processes and the number of implants produced per day is increased over prior art processes. In clinical use, the decellularized grafts produced exhibit significantly improved in long-term durability and function. | 02-12-2009 |
20110045044 | COMPOSITIONS FOR REPAIR OF DEFECTS IN TISSUES, AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME - Tissue repair compositions, particularly bone repair compositions, containing (a) bone fragments and (b) homogenized connective tissue, and methods for making the same are provided. Some of the inventive tissue repair compositions contain a radioprotectant. The compositions can be used in the form of an injectable gel, an injectable paste, a paste, a putty, or a rehydratable freeze-dried form. Kits for using such tissue repair compositions are also provided. | 02-24-2011 |
20140065238 | Process for Devitalizing Soft-Tissue Engineered Medical Implants and Devitalized Soft-Tissue Medical Implants Produced - The invention provides methodologies and apparatus for producing acellular soft-tissue implants, both in small quantities and in commercializable quantities. Such soft-tissue implants include vascular graft substitutes. An acellular graft is produced by subjecting the tissue sample to an induced pressure mediated flow of an extracting solution, followed by inducing a pressure mediated flow of a treating solution, then washing the treated tissue to produce the acellular graft. The acellular grafts produced are uniform and nonimmunogenic. | 03-06-2014 |
20140154663 | Process for Devitalizing Soft-Tissue Engineered Medical Implants, and Devitalized Soft-Tissue Medical Implants Produced - The invention provides methodologies and apparatus for producing devitalized soft-tissue implants where the implant retains metabolically non-viable and/or reproductively non-viable cells, and preferably retains large molecular weight cytoplasmic proteins, such implants produced both in small quantities and in commercializable quantities. Such soft-tissue implants include vascular graft substitutes. A devitalized graft is produced by subjecting the tissue sample to an induced pressure mediated flow of an extracting solution, optionally followed by inducing a pressure mediated flow of a salt solution, then washing the tissue to produce the devitalized graft. The devitalized grafts produced are uniform and non-immunogenic. The inventive method allows for the production of multiple devitalized soft tissue implants, where processing time is significantly less than prior art processes and the number of implants produced per day is increased over prior art processes. In clinical use, the devitalized grafts produced exhibit significantly improved in long-term durability and function, and enhanced recellularization post-implantation. | 06-05-2014 |
20150182559 | Compositions for Repair of Defects in Tissues, and Methods of Making the Same - Tissue repair compositions, particularly bone repair compositions, containing (a) bone fragments and (b) homogenized connective tissue, and methods for making the same are provided. Some of the inventive tissue repair compositions contain a radioprotectant. The compositions can be used in the form of an injectable gel, an injectable paste, a paste, a putty, or a rehydratable freeze-dried form. Kits for using such tissue repair compositions are also provided. | 07-02-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080217241 | COMPOSITE FILTER MEDIA AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE - A composite filter media structure is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the composite filter media structure includes a corrugated base substrate that includes a nonwoven synthetic fabric formed by a dry-laid process that corrugates the base substrate during the forming process. The composite filter media structure also includes a nanofiber membrane deposited on at least one side of the base substrate by an electro-blown spinning process. | 09-11-2008 |
20080314010 | COMPOSITE FILTER MEDIA - A composite filter media structure includes, in an exemplary embodiment, a base substrate that includes a nonwoven synthetic fabric formed from a plurality of fibers with a spunbond process. The base substrate has a minimum filtration efficiency of about 50%, measured in accordance with ASHRAE 52.2-1999 test procedure A nanofiber layer is deposited on one side of the base substrate. The composite filter media structure has a minimum filtration efficiency of about 75%, measured in accordance with ASHRAE 52.2-1999 test procedure. | 12-25-2008 |
20080315464 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A COMPOSITE FILTER MEDIA - A method of making a composite filter media includes, in an exemplary embodiment, forming a nonwoven fabric mat that includes a plurality of synthetic fibers by a spunbond process, and calendaring the nonwoven fabric mat with embossing calendar rolls to form a bond area pattern comprising a plurality of substantially parallel discontinuous lines of bond area to bond the synthetic fibers together to form a nonwoven fabric, the nonwoven fabric having a minimum filtration efficiency of about 50%, measured in accordance with ASHRAE 52.2-1999 test procedure. The method also includes applying a nanofiber layer by electro-blown spinning a polymer solution to form a plurality of nanofibers on at least one side of the nonwoven fabric mat to form the composite filter media, the composite filter media having a minimum filtration efficiency of about 75%, measured in accordance with ASHRAE 52.2-1999 test procedure. | 12-25-2008 |
20100024370 | COMPOSITE FILTER MEDIA - A composite filter media structure includes, in an exemplary embodiment, a base substrate that includes a nonwoven synthetic fabric formed from a plurality of fibers with a spunbond process. The base substrate has a filtration efficiency of about 35% to less than 50%, measured in accordance with EN 1822 (1998) test procedure A nanofiber layer is deposited on one side of the base substrate. The composite filter media structure has a minimum filtration efficiency of about 70%, measured in accordance with EN 1822 (1998) test procedure. | 02-04-2010 |
20100025892 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A COMPOSITE FILTER MEDIA - A method of making a composite filter media includes, in an exemplary embodiment, forming a nonwoven fabric mat that includes a plurality of synthetic fibers by a spunbond process, and calendering the nonwoven fabric mat with embossing calender rolls to form a bond area pattern comprising a plurality of substantially parallel discontinuous lines of bond area to bond the synthetic fibers together to form a nonwoven fabric, the nonwoven fabric having a filtration efficiency of about 35% to less than 50%, measured in accordance with EN 1822 (1998) test procedure. The method also includes applying a nanofiber layer by electro-blown spinning a polymer solution to form a plurality of nanofibers on at least one side of the nonwoven fabric mat to form the composite filter media, the composite filter media having a minimum filtration efficiency of about 70%, measured in accordance with EN 1822 (1998) test procedure. | 02-04-2010 |
20110214570 | AIR FILTRATION MEDIUM WITH IMPROVED DUST LOADING CAPACITY AND IMPROVED RESISTANCE TO HIGH HUMIDITY ENVIRONMENT - A method for filtering particles from water mist laden air involves passing the air through a medium that has a nanoweb layer in fluid contact with a hydrophobic nonwoven web. The hydrophobic web can be made of an intrinsically hydrophobic material, or can be coated with a hydrophobic coating. The medium does not undergo the large pressure drops normally associated with filtration of water mists and retains its efficiency well. | 09-08-2011 |
20110252970 | Filtration Media for High Humidity Environments - The invention is directed to a nanofiber that contains at least one moisture sensitive polymer. The fiber also contains nanoparticles of a hydrogen bonding material incorporated into the body of the fiber. The hydrogen bonding material is present in an amount corresponding to greater than 2% of the polymer weight and the nanofiber has a mean fiber diameter measured along its length of less than one micron. Also included are filter media made from nanowebs of the fiber. | 10-20-2011 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090063552 | System and Method for Multi-Dimensional Organization, Management, and Manipulation of Data - The Quantum Matrix system is a multi-dimensional, multi-threaded exchange environment for data organization, management, and manipulation. Data is organized into a multi-dimensional structure of nodes. Nodes may represent data, absence of data, or another set of nodes. The multi-dimensional structure or portions of it can be automatically created from a file system. One or more associations are also defined for the multi-dimensional structure. An association indicates a relationship between a node and another node, data, or a set of nodes. The multi-dimensional structure is then displayed three-dimensionally and navigated. Relational logic, Boolean algebra, or a scripting language can be applied to the nodes, data, and associations to produce a resultant set of nodes. Furthermore, portions of the multi-dimensional structure can be isolated with the use of planes to ease navigation. Furthermore, Avatars may be displayed and used for collaborative purposes and to automate the navigation of the multi-dimensional structure. | 03-05-2009 |
20090282369 | System and Method for Muulti-Dimensional Organization, Management, and Manipulation of Remote Data - The Quantum Matrix system is a multi-dimensional, multi-threaded exchange environment for data organization, management, and manipulation. Data is organized into a multi-dimensional structure of nodes. Nodes may represent data, absence of data, or another set of nodes. The multi-dimensional structure or portions of it can be automatically created from a file system. One or more associations are also defined for the multi-dimensional structure. An association indicates a relationship between a node and another node, data, or a set of nodes. The multi-dimensional structure is then displayed three-dimensionally and navigated. Relational logic, Boolean algebra, or a scripting language can be applied to the nodes, data, and associations to produce a resultant set of nodes. Furthermore, portions of the multi-dimensional structure can be isolated with the use of planes to ease navigation. Furthermore, the Quantum Matrix system may have a client-server architecture, with the client running on a mobile device. | 11-12-2009 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080287931 | Use of iontophoresis and ultrasound to deliver melanin or other chromophores for laser hair removal - The method disclosed includes the combining of iontophoresis and ultrasound to deliver the appropriate chromophores to blonde, grey, white, vellus, and other non-pigmented or laser resistant hair follicles to facilitate photothermolysis hair removal using a laser, Intense Pulsed Light (IPL), a combination of laser and RF energy, or combination of IPL and RF. | 11-20-2008 |
20090149796 | Use of Iontophoresis and Ultrasound to Deliver Melanin or Other Chromophores for Laser Hair Removal - The method disclosed includes combining iontophoresis and ultrasound to deliver the appropriate chromophores to blonde, grey, white, vellus, and other non-pigmented or laser resistant hair follicles to facilitate photothermolysis hair removal using a laser, Intense Pulsed Light (IPL), a combination of laser and RF energy, or a combination of IPL and RF. This technique preferentially ultra-exposes the hair follicles to light energy which is absorbed preferentially by naturally and synthetic elements in and around the hair follicle. The result is focused photothermolysis damage resulting in death of the hair producing tissue. The combined use of iontophoresis and ultrasound with the appropriate chromophore and laser light allows for immediate and permanent removal of unwanted hair in selected locations on the body of mammals. This combination is so effective that the patient can be treated with single, or at least minimal, office visitations, thereby eliminating the need to continuously prepare and re-prepare the skin with melanin or other chromophores prior to multiple—in office—laser or IPL treatments for completing desired hair removal results. Additionally, this method discloses the use of iontophoresis together with High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) and also Radio Frequency (RF) energy combined with High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) to specifically provide necrotizing energy doses to target the regenerative zones of the hair and accomplish hair removal. | 06-11-2009 |
20090192438 | Use of Iontophoresis or Electrotherapy and Ultrasound to Deliver Melanin for Skin Rejuvenation - The method disclosed includes the combining of iontophoresis or electrotherapy and ultrasound to simultaneously deliver the appropriate chromophore to the skin for cosmetic or therapeutic treatment of the skin and skin conditions by the use of a laser, Intense Pulsed Light (IPL), a combination of laser and Radio Frequency (RF) energy, or a combination of IPL and RF. | 07-30-2009 |
20090246270 | Use of Iontophoresis or Electrotherapy and Ultrasound to Deliver Agents for Skin Rejuvenation. - The method disclosed includes the combining of iontophoresis or electrotherapy and ultrasound to deliver the appropriate chromophores to the skin for cosmetic or therapeutic treatment of the skin and skin conditions by the use of a laser, Intense Pulsed Light (IPL), a combination of laser and Radio Frequency (RF) energy, or a combination of IPL and RF. | 10-01-2009 |
20100030571 | Physician's practice aesthetic care program - Disclosed is a method of generating a revenue stream by providing cosmetic medical aesthetic treatments to patients within their personal medical doctor's or other physician's (PMD's) office such that a second party business entity can provide sourcing of resources required, equipment, software, personnel hiring, operational and clinical training and consulting, development, placement and management of advertising and marketing, and a lead management system for the PMD or group of PMDs. The combining of similarly contracted physicians into an advertising and marketing group is also part of the present disclosure. Another important aspect of the disclosure is that the methods include providing a revenue sharing program between PMDs. | 02-04-2010 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090121860 | Method and apparatus for remotely monitoring a site - The present invention is directed to providing systems and methods for remotely monitoring sites to provide real-time information which can readily permit distinguishing false alarms, and which can identify and track the precise location of an alarm. In embodiments, monitoring capabilities such as intrusion/fire detection and tracking capabilities, can be implemented through the use of multistate indicators in an interface which permits information to be transmitted using standard network protocols from a remote site to a monitoring station in near real-time. In embodiments, communications can be handed from the centrally located host monitoring station to a mobile monitoring station (for example, a laptop computer in a responding vehicle, such as a police or fire vehicle). Additional embodiments include the measurement of environmental parameters such as temperature, carbon monoxide and differential air pressure to detect, monitor and manage a fire event. These measurements along with selected controllable output devices deployed in a space, such as sprinkler control valves and individually or zoned sprinkler heads, are used to initiate and control fire suppression technology both locally and remotely. For instance, a system of the present invention may detect a fire and cause a sprinkler system to disburse water in a facility. | 05-14-2009 |
20130169817 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ENABLING SMART BUILDING RESCUE - The present invention is directed to providing a method and system that enables a first responder firefighter to take command of a building having a potential fire event. Using the method and system herein, the firefighter is able to clearly signal and guide the safe evacuation of that building. Also mounted in the building are signal arrays that are controlled and triggered by the firefighter to clearly delineate a safe and efficient evacuation route from the building. Room signal stations are provided and can be shown to the first responder firefighter to help prioritize the rescue of a building and allows for interaction and communication between an occupant and a firefighter in order to facilitate or enable more efficient and safer rescue. | 07-04-2013 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120199581 | PACKAGING - A package includes an outer container and an inner receptacle. The outer container forming a cavity for the inner receptacle having an open or openable end through which the inner receptacle can be inserted. The package includes a two-part locking mechanism for locking the inner receptacle within the cavity of the outer container. The outer container includes a first part of the two-part locking mechanism and the inner receptacle includes a second part of the two-part locking mechanism. The outer container includes at least one demarcated pressing zone, wherein the at least one demarcated pressing zone is configured and/or stylised and/or shaped and/or arranged to encourage a user to apply a force directed inwardly of the outer container toward the cavity for deactivating the locking mechanism to thereby release the inner receptacle for its withdrawal at least partially from the outer container. | 08-09-2012 |
20130075462 | BLANK, SLEEVE AND PACKAGING SYSTEM - A package includes at least a first, second, and third panel forming a three-ply structure with the second panel between the first and third panels. An opening is formed in the second panel. An inner surface of each of the first and third panels faces one another through the opening. The inner surfaces of the first and third panels are either heat-sealable, or at least one of the first and third panels has an embossed area facing the opening and fitting at least partly into the opening. | 03-28-2013 |
20140339121 | LOCKABLE PACKAGING - A lockable receptacle ( | 11-20-2014 |
20150028089 | PACKAGE MADE FROM SHEET MATERIAL - A package made from sheet material has a sealable coating on a first surface. The package has a plurality of panels, folded so that at least two side panels are able to be closed in an overlapping arrangement so that the two side panels are sealed together with the first surface and sealable coating in facing relationship. | 01-29-2015 |
20150041339 | OUTER SLEEVE AND BLANK THEREFOR - An outer sleeve includes first and second opposed side panels edges, hinge panels interconnecting the first and second side panels such that at least one chamber is defined between the first and second side panels, at least one of the hinge panels being hingedly connected to at least one of the first and second side panels along one of the opposed side edges of the at least one side panel, and at least one inner panel positioned at least in part inside the at least one chamber. The at least one inner panel includes a slide card locking mechanism for releasably locking at least one slide card in a locked position within the at least one chamber. The at least one side panel includes a release button positioned proximate the slide card locking mechanism of the at least one inner panel. The at least one inner panel is hingedly connected to one of the end edges of the at least one panel. | 02-12-2015 |
20150048000 | BLISTER PACKAGING - A blister package including an outer sleeve and a blister receptacle, the blister package having retention panel supporting mechanisms proximate an end of the blister receptacle to support the blister package in the outer sleeve when the blister package is almost completely withdrawn from the outer sleeve and may include one or more locking mechanisms to prevent unwanted opening of the blister package or disengagement of the blister package from the outer sleeve. | 02-19-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110255341 | PROGRAMMING METHODS FOR A MEMORY DEVICE - Methods for programming, memory devices, and memory systems are disclosed. In one such method for programming, a target memory cell is partially programmed to a final target programmed state where the partial programming is verified by applying a ramped voltage having a first voltage range (e.g., where the first voltage range is selected in response to program coupling effects from memory cells adjacent to the target memory cell.) A programming operation following the partial programming operation is performed on one or more adjacent memory cells which is then followed by additional programming of the target memory cell to adjust the memory cell from the partially programmed state to the final programmed state. A ramped voltage having a second voltage range different from the first voltage range is utilized to verify the programming of the target memory cell to the final programmed state. | 10-20-2011 |
20120044768 | PROGRAMMING TO MITIGATE MEMORY CELL PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCES - Methods for programming and memory devices are disclosed. In one such method for programming, a first programming voltage applied to control gates of a group of memory cells generates a maximum threshold voltage of the group of memory cell threshold voltages. A voltage difference between the maximum threshold voltage and a maximum target voltage is used as a gate step voltage for a second programming voltage. Fast and slow programming memory cells are determined from the distribution resulting from the second programming voltage. An effective gate voltage applied to the control gates of the fast programming memory cells is less than an effective gate voltage applied to the control gates of the slow programming memory cells during the third programming voltage. | 02-23-2012 |
20130010540 | PROGRAMMING METHODS FOR A MEMORY DEVICE - Methods for programming, memory devices, and memory systems are disclosed. In one such method for programming, a target memory cell is partially programmed to a final target programmed state where the partial programming is verified by applying a ramped voltage having a first voltage range (e.g., where the first voltage range is selected in response to program coupling effects from memory cells adjacent to the target memory cell.) A programming operation following the partial programming operation is performed on one or more adjacent memory cells which is then followed by additional programming of the target memory cell to adjust the memory cell from the partially programmed state to the final programmed state. A ramped voltage having a second voltage range different from the first voltage range is utilized to verify the programming of the target memory cell to the final programmed state. | 01-10-2013 |
20130163344 | PROGRAMMING TO MITIGATE MEMORY CELL PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCES - Methods for programming and memory devices are disclosed. In one such method for programming, a first programming voltage applied to control gates of a group of memory cells generates a maximum threshold voltage of the group of memory cell threshold voltages. A voltage difference between the maximum threshold voltage and a maximum target voltage is used as a gate step voltage for a second programming voltage. Fast and slow programming memory cells are determined from the distribution resulting from the second programming voltage. An effective gate voltage applied to the control gates of the fast programming memory cells is less than an effective gate voltage applied to the control gates of the slow programming memory cells during the third programming voltage. | 06-27-2013 |
20140016409 | MULTIPLE STEP PROGRAMMING IN A MEMORY DEVICE - A method for multiple step programming programs data to an even page of memory cells. The even page of memory cells is read into a page buffer and the uncertain data is removed. An odd page of memory cells is programmed and the data from the even page data from the page buffer is reprogrammed to the even page of memory cells without the uncertain data. | 01-16-2014 |
20140369117 | MULTIPLE STEP PROGRAMMING IN A MEMORY DEVICE - Method of operating a memory include programming a memory cell and reading the memory cell to determine a programmed threshold voltage of the memory cell. If the programmed threshold voltage is within a threshold voltage distribution of a plurality of threshold voltage distributions, the memory cell is reprogrammed, and if the programmed threshold voltage is not within a threshold voltage distribution of the plurality of threshold voltage distributions, the memory cell is allowed to remain at the programmed threshold voltage. | 12-18-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080295761 | STIMULUS INDICATING DEVICE EMPLOYING POLYMER GELS - The present invention relates to a stimulus-indicating device. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus for evidencing when a stimulus sensitive product has been exposed to a designated or predetermined stimulus for a certain period of time, and the invention relates to a method for manufacturing aspects of that apparatus. | 12-04-2008 |
20090010803 | Stimulus Indicating Device Employing Polymer Gels - The present invention relates, for example, to a stimulus-indicating device. More particularly, the present invention includes an apparatus for evidencing when a stimulus sensitive product has been exposed to a designated or predetermined stimulus for a certain period of time, and the invention further may include a method for manufacturing aspects of that apparatus. | 01-08-2009 |
20120027647 | Stimulus indicator employing stimulus sensitive metals and gels - The present invention relates, for example, to a stimulus-indicating device. More particularly, the present invention includes an apparatus for evidencing when a stimulus sensitive product has been exposed to a designated or predetermined stimulus for a certain period of time, and the invention further may include a method for manufacturing aspects of that apparatus. | 02-02-2012 |
20130291785 | STIMULUS INDICATING DEVICE EMPLOYING POLYMER GELS - The present invention relates to a stimulus-indicating device. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for evidencing when a product has been exposed to a designated stimulus for a certain period of time. | 11-07-2013 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090201763 | Airborne Laser-Acoustic Mine Detection System - A system and method is provided for using acoustical pulses generated from an airborne laser source to locate objects under water. An array of acoustic sensors, such as passive sonobuoys at the ocean surface, is deployed in known or determinable locations by aircraft. Each area surrounded by acoustic sensors comprises a search cell, within which sonar scattering data can be used to locate objects. Following sonobuoy deployment, the aircraft uses the laser to rapidly generate many laser-acoustic pulse sources within each search cell, which in turn generate spherical acoustic pulses traveling through the water. The acoustic sensors receive the acoustic pulses, either on a direct path or on a scattered path after the pulse strikes an underwater object. The sensors record the acoustic signatures of the received pulses and transmit data of the recorded acoustic pulses to a processor such as processor on a nearby ship. The processor transforms the data of the acoustic signatures, together with data of the known locations of the acoustic sensors and the locations of the laser-acoustic pulse sources, into data of a location of the underwater objects. | 08-13-2009 |
20110088474 | Airborne Laser-Acoustic Mine Detection System - A system and method is provided for using acoustical pulses generated from an airborne laser source to locate objects under water. An array of acoustic sensors, such as passive sonobuoys at the ocean surface, is deployed in known or determinable locations by aircraft. Each area surrounded by acoustic sensors comprises a search cell, within which sonar scattering data can be used to locate objects. Following sonobuoy deployment, the aircraft uses the laser to rapidly generate many laser-acoustic pulse sources within each search cell, which in turn generate spherical acoustic pulses traveling through the water. The acoustic sensors receive the acoustic pulses, either on a direct path or on a scattered path after the pulse strikes an underwater object. The sensors record the acoustic signatures of the received pulses and transmit data of the recorded acoustic pulses to a processor such as processor on a nearby ship. The processor transforms the data of the acoustic signatures, together with data of the known locations of the acoustic sensors and the locations of the laser-acoustic pulse sources, into data of a location of the underwater objects. | 04-21-2011 |
20120114007 | Underwater Laser-Guided Discharge - Methods for producing a laser-guided underwater electrical discharge are provided. One or more electrodes defining a desired electrical discharge path are situated in a body of water and are attached to an external electrical power supply. A high-powered, intense laser beam is fired into the water. The laser beam forms an optical filament in the water, which in turn forms an ionized channel having a much greater conductivity than the surrounding water. An external power supply drives an electrical discharge along the path of the ionized channel due to its greater conductivity. | 05-10-2012 |
20130148685 | Two-Laser Generation of Extended Underwater Plasma - A method for generating an extended underwater plasma. A first laser pulse is fired into a body of water to form an underwater optical filament coinciding with a low-energy plasma. A second laser pulse is fired into the water, targeted at the plasma. The second pulse heats the plasma, causing the formation of an extended superheated plasma volume in the water. The two laser pulses can be simultaneous or can be sequential, with the second pulse following the first pulse by up to the filament plasma lifetime. The extended superheated plasma creates an underwater acoustic pulse, wherein the duration, waveform and directivity of the pulse can be tailored by controlling the shape of the underwater laser-generated plasma. | 06-13-2013 |
20150146338 | Underwater Laser-Guided Discharge Using Lens-Initiated Optical Filaments - Methods for producing a laser-guided underwater electrical discharge are provided. One or more electrodes defining a desired electrical discharge path are situated in a body of water and are attached to an external electrical power supply. A high-powered, intense laser beam is fired through one or more focusing lenses into the water. The laser beam forms an optical filament in the water, which in turn forms an ionized channel having a much greater conductivity than the surrounding water. An external power supply drives an electrical discharge along the path of the ionized channel due to its greater conductivity. | 05-28-2015 |