Gerlach

Andre Gerlach, Leonberg-Hiefingen DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20150108873	Sound Transducer Arrangement - A sound transducer system is provided having a piezoelectrically active electret material between a first and a second electrode structure. The electret material is applied on the first electrode structure, so that the first electrode structure is completely covered with the electret material. The second electrode structure is situated on or above the electret material, so that the electret material is situated between the first and second electrode structure. The first electrode structure is configured from a plurality of electrode elements that are addressable independently of one another. The electrode elements thus define the individual sound transducer elements, which together form a sound transducer system, also designated an array. The first electrode structure is configured on a surface of a multilayer circuit bearer.	04-23-2015

Carmen Gerlach, Gc Rotterdam NL

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110124738	CHROMATE-FREE CORROSION PROTECTION FOR FUEL TANKS - The present invention relates to a chromate-free composition, to the use thereof for corrosion protection, and to a corrosion protection coating for the inside surfaces of fuel tanks, wherein the composition comprises binding agents, hardening agents, corrosion inhibitors and quaternary ammonium compounds in a quantity of at least 0.1% by weight.	05-26-2011

Christian Gerlach, Stuttgart DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20150189568	METHOD FOR INTERFERENCE REDUCTION IN A RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, PROCESSING UNIT, AND WIRELESS ACCESS NETWORK NODE THEREOF - The invention relates to a method for interference reduction in a radio communication system. The method (MET	07-02-2015

Christian Friedrich Gerhard Gerlach, St. Gilles (brussels) BE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20140044904	DEEP GLOSS CONTAINERS, AND PREFORMS FOR MAKING THEM - The present invention relates to a preform (	02-13-2014

Christian Gerhard Friedrich Gerlach, St Gilles (brussels) BE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090236776	PROCESS FOR MAKING A STRETCH-BLOW MOULDED CONTAINER HAVING AN INTEGRALLY MOULDED HANDLE - The present invention relates to a process for making a container having an integral handle, comprising the steps of:	09-24-2009
20150239169	PROCESS FOR MAKING A STRETCH-BLOW MOULDED CONTAINER HAVING AN INTEGRALLY MOULDED HANDLE - The present invention relates to a process for making a container having an integral handle, comprising the steps of:	08-27-2015

Christian Gerhard Friedrich Gerlach, St. Gilles BE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110057361	PROCESS FOR MAKING A STRETCH-BLOW MOULDED CONTAINER HAVING AN INTEGRALLY MOULDED HANDLE - The present invention relates to a process for making a container having an integral handle, comprising the steps of:	03-10-2011
20130207317	PROCESS FOR MAKING A STRETCH-BLOW MOLDED CONTAINER HAVING AN INTEGRAL HANDLE - A process for making a container having an integral handle by inverting a convex portion in a manner such that locations on the convex portion translate in a substantially straight line path as the convex portion is inverted.	08-15-2013
20130270280	ARTICLE WITH ERGONOMIC INTEGRAL HANDLE - The invention relates to a molded article with a body having a top and a bottom; an opening proximal to the top; and a handle integrally located on at least one side of the body and positioned between the top and the bottom. The handle having at least one innermost surface, one external surface and at least one transition surface positioned between the innermost surface and the external surface, the handle forming at least one semi-enclosed recess positioned between the external surface and the body.	10-17-2013

Christian Gerhard Friedrich Gerlach, Bruxelles BE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130183462	Process For The Manufacture Of An Article Comprising a Recess - The present invention relates to a process for blowing an article with at least one recess.	07-18-2013
20130183468	Process For The Manufacture of an Article Comprising a Recess - The present invention relates to a process for blowing an article with at least one recess.	07-18-2013
20130300037	Process For The Manufacture Of An Article Comprising a Recess - The present invention relates to a process for blowing an article with at least one recess.	11-14-2013

Florian Maximilian Friedrich Gerlach, Trofaiach AT

Patent application number	Description	Published
20160085331	Method and Apparatus for Physical Activity Tracking - In one aspect of the teachings herein, a physical activity tracking system includes a wearable electronic device that uses dual touch points for detecting control inputs by a user. Processing within the device complements the dual touch point interface by requiring simultaneous touch detections to register user inputs to the device, and by mapping dual-touch detections of different duration to different control actions. Use of the dual-touch arrangement and the associated processing provides a number of advantages, including intuitive operation and minimization of accidental activations by the user. Other advantages of the touch interface include the ability to seat or mount the device in a variety of carriers, such as bracelets, etc., that complement wearability of the device, while still allowing for convenient charging.	03-24-2016

Frank Gerlach, Mississauga CA

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090012418	MEDICAL SURGICAL SPONGE AND INSTRUMENT DETECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD - A magnetic detector locates magnetically tagged items, such as surgical sponges or instruments, introduced to and remaining in the body cavity of a surgical patient. The magnetic detector is a wand or probe that is manually handleable, and spatially manipulable and moveable, by an operator, such as a medical professional. The detector is moved about at a spatial location of an ambient magnetic field at the patient and operating table. A characteristic of the ambient magnetic field at the spatial location is saved by the detector. The detector is subsequently moved about at the same spatial location. If any magnetically tagged item is present in the vicinity of the detector during this subsequent movement at the spatial location, an anomalous magnetic effect is detected by comparison of the prior detection reading absent the tagged item to the detection reading in presence of the tagged item in the patient. The anomalous magnetic effect, and thus the tagged item, is locatable spatially in the patient, by three-dimensional sensor(s), arrays of sensors, and pluralities of arrays of sensors of the detector. The different detection readings with and without presence of the anomalous magnetic effect caused by presence of the tagged item in the patient are calculable as scalar, vector array, and/or gradient array determinations, according to the particular number and configuration of sensors in the detector.	01-08-2009
20130234825	FINGERPRINT SENSORS AND SYSTEMS INCORPORATING FINGERPRINT SENSORS - Various embodiments of access control systems and fingerprint sensing systems are disclosed. One or more fingerprints of an authorized person are recorded in a fingerprint database together with a sequence of angular positions. The authorized person may subsequently gain access to a secured item by scanning the authorized person's finger or fingers in accordance with the sequence of angular positions. Various embodiments of fingerprint sensors for determining the angular position of a finger on the sensor are also disclosed.	09-12-2013

Guenter Gerlach, Rastatt DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20160141488	METHOD FOR ELECTRICALLY CONTACTING A PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC - A method for electrically contacting a piezoelectric ceramic includes: providing the piezoelectric ceramic having electrodes for electrically contacting the piezoelectric ceramic and having a flexible, electrically conductive film; producing a composite by applying the flexible, electrically conductive film at least partially to an electrode of the piezoelectric ceramic; forming a durable, electrically conductive connection between the flexible, electrically conductive film and the electrode of the piezoelectric ceramic. Also a sound transducer, as well as a sound transducer array produced using the method for electrically contacting a piezoelectric ceramic.	05-19-2016

Jared Gerlach, Galway IE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130330755	ENDO Tv, A NOVEL HIGH MANNOSE-SPECIFIC ENDO-beta-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINIDASE FROM TRICHODERMA VIRIDE - The invention relates to an endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase enzyme isolatable from the fungus	12-12-2013

Jochen Gerlach, Vienna AT

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130123115	OPTIMIZED CELLULASE ENZYMES - The invention discloses cellulase enzymes with optimized properties for processing of cellulose- and lignocellulose-containing substrates. In particular, cellobiohydrolase enzymes with preferred characteristics are disclosed. The present invention provides fusion, insertion, deletion and/or substitution variants of such enzymes. Enzyme variants have enhanced thermostability, proteolytic stability, specific activity and/or stability at extreme pH. Nucleic acid molecules encoding said enzymes, a composition comprising said enzymes, a method for preparation, and the use for cellulose processing and/or for the production of biofuels are disclosed.	05-16-2013

Jochen Gerlach, Dautphetal DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20150190939	APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SLICING FOOD PRODUCTS - An apparatus, in particular a high-performance slicer, for slicing food products such as in particular sausage, cheese, ham and/or the like, comprises a product feed which feeds a product to be sliced to a cutting plane in which a cutting blade moves adjacent to a cutting edge, in particular in a rotating and/or a planetary revolving motion. The cutting apparatus comprises means to rotate the product fed to the cutting plane about an axis, in particular about a longitudinal axis of the product, at least over a predefinable angular range during the slicing operation.	07-09-2015

Lars-Ole Gerlach, Hoersholm DK

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090118178	Y4 SELECTIVE RECEPTOR AGONISTS FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS - Y4 receptor agonist peptide selected from the group consisting of: [Ala30]PP	05-07-2009
20100160226	Y-RECEPTOR AGONISTS - Human Pancreatic Polypeptide mutants are provided which have utility, inter alia, for regulation of energy intake or energy metabolism, control of intestinal secretion, decrease of gastrointestinal tract motility, decrease of rate of gastric emptying, treatment of obesity or overweight, or conditions in which obesity or overweight is a contributory factor.	06-24-2010
20110251126	INTESTINAL TREATMENT - Y4 receptor agonists which are selective for the Y4 receptor over the Y1 and Y2 receptors, are useful in the prevention and/or treatment of damage to bowel function caused by radiation therapy, radiation exposure, cytotoxic chemotherapy, inflammation, or ischemia-reperfusion of intestinal mucosa.	10-13-2011

Lars-Ole Gerlach, Vedbaek DK

Lena Holm Gerlach, Helsingoer DK

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120138246	Method and apparatus for conversion of cellulosic material to ethanol - The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for conversion of cellulosic material, such as chopped straw and corn stover, and household waste, to ethanol and other products. The cellulosic material is subjected to continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment without addition of chemicals, and a liquid and a fibre fraction are produced. The fibre fraction is subjected to enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification. The method of the present invention comprises:	06-07-2012

Lena Holm Gerlach, Helsingor DK

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100041119	Method and apparatus for conversion of cellulosic material to ethanol - The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for conversion of cellulosic material, such as chopped straw and corn stover, and household waste, to ethanol and other products. The cellulosic material is subjected to continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment without addition of chemicals, and a liquid and a fibre fraction are produced. The fibre fraction is subjected to enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification. The method of the present invention comprises:	02-18-2010
20130143263	METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION OF CELLULOSIC MATERIAL TO ETHANOL - The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for conversion of cellulosic material, such as chopped straw and corn stover, and household waste, to ethanol and other products. The cellulosic material is subjected to continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment without addition of chemicals, and a liquid and a fibre fraction are produced. The fibre fraction is subjected to enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification. The method of the present invention comprises:	06-06-2013
20150232579	METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION OF CELLULOSIC MATERIAL TO ETHANOL - The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for conversion of cellulosic material, such as chopped straw and corn stover, and household waste, to ethanol and other products. The cellulosic material is subjected to continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment without addition of chemicals, and a liquid and a fibre fraction are produced. The fibre fraction is subjected to enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification. The method of the present invention comprises:	08-20-2015

Lothar Gerlach, Oegstgeest NL

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100294347	METHOD AND MEANS FOR CONNECTING THIN METAL LAYERS - A configuration and method for bonding a thin metal layer to two workpieces, e.g. solar cells and film-backed/reinforced small contact strips including: (i) the backing film is removed from the solar cell; (ii) the two films/layers are pressed together; and (iii) the two parts are irradiated from the side of the rear contact of the thin-film solar cell. Preferably two or three laser treatment steps are used for removing the backing film of the thin-film solar cell in an ablation process by means of a short-pulse laser and riveting the first metal layer to the second metal layer by irradiating the same by means of a long-pulse laser.	11-25-2010

Mario Gerlach, Aytre FR

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090115967	Optical Scanning System - The present application is directed to an optical scanning system for medical applications, preferably in ophthalmology, which can be used for a large range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The optical scanning system comprises at least one controllable reflector which has an actuator and which is arranged in a first imaging beam path for deflecting at least one therapy beam and/or diagnosis beam over a work field in a scanning manner, a second imaging beam path for a fixation beam which is imaged on the work field in a spatially fixed manner with respect to the optical axis of the system, and a central control unit. The moving reflector is used to unify the two imaging beam paths and has dichroic characteristics so that it is transmissive for the fixation beam and reflective for the therapy beam and/or diagnosis beam(s). The second radiation source which serves to generate the fixation beam is controlled so as to be synchronized to the position of the moving reflector.	05-07-2009

Mario Gerlach, Glienicke-Nordbahn DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20140247472	SCANNING DEVICE - The invention concerns a scanning device for focusing a beam of rays in defined regions of a defined volume, comprising an input optics wherein the beam of rays penetrates first, having at least one first optical element; a focusing optics for focusing the beam of rays exiting from the input optics; and a deflecting device arranged between the first optical element and the focusing optics, for deflecting the beam of rays after it has passed through the first optical element, based on a position of the focus to be adjusted in lateral direction. In order to adjust the position of the focus of the beam of rays in the direction of the beam of rays, and optical element of the input optics can be displaced relative to the deflecting device.	09-04-2014
20140336627	APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MEASURING AN OPTICAL BREAK-THROUGH IN A TISSUE - The invention relates to a device for measuring an optical penetration that is triggered in a tissue underneath the tissue surface by means of therapeutic laser radiation which a laser-surgical device concentrates in a treatment focus located in said tissue. The inventive device is provided with a detection beam path comprising a lens system which couples radiation emanating from the tissue underneath the tissue surface into the detection beam path. A detector device generating a detection signal which indicates the spatial dimension and/or position of the optical penetration in the tissue is arranged downstream of the detection beam path.	11-13-2014

Martin Gerlach, Strullendorf DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20150303422	BATTERY UNIT COMPRISING AN ACCOMMODATING DEVICE AND A PLURALITY OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND BATTERY MODULE COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF SUCH BATTERY UNITS - A battery unit (	10-22-2015

Michael Gerlach, Hofheim DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20150072315	Formulations and kit for biometric deposition of apatite on teeth - The invention proposes formulations for biomimetic deposition of apatite from a partially elastic shaped body on teeth, whereby the shaped body a) contains at least one mineralization matrix containing a gel that comprises water-soluble phosphates or phosphates that can be hydrolyzed to form water-soluble phosphate ions and has a pH value of 2 to 8, optionally fluorides, and b) the at least one or a second mineralization matrix comprises a second gel having a pH value of 3.5 to 14 comprising calcium ions or compounds releasing calcium ions. Moreover, the method for producing the formulation for the deposition of apatite, in particular of needle-shaped fluorapatite crystals, is claimed. Using the formulations according to the invention, it is feasible to deposit more than or equal to 1 μm apatite, in particular fluorapatite, on tooth surfaces in order to seal or brighten porous tooth surfaces.	03-12-2015
20150119469	Formulations and kit for biometric deposition of apatite on teeth - The invention proposes a kit and formulations for biomimetic deposition of apatite on teeth from a partially elastic shaped body comprising an envelope, whereby the shaped body a) comprises at least one mineralization matrix containing a gel that comprises water-soluble phosphates or phosphates that can be hydrolysed to form water-soluble phosphate ions and has a pH value of 2 to 8, optionally fluorides, and b) the at least one or a second mineralization matrix comprises a second gel having a pH value of 3.5 to 14 comprising calcium ions or compounds releasing calcium ions. Moreover, the method for producing the formulation and the use thereof for the deposition of apatite, in particular of needle-shaped fluorapatite crystallites, is claimed. Using the formulations according to the invention, it is feasible to deposit more than or equal to 1 μm apatite, in particular fluorapatite, on tooth surfaces in order to seal or brighten porous tooth surfaces.	04-30-2015
20150125824	Application system for facile 3-dimensional application of medical, cosmetic or drug-containing dental care products - The invention discloses a partially elastic shaped body in the form of a negative image of a dental arch containing a matrix based on a gel containing an active substance or a system with a mineralizing effect as well as an application system for the treatment of teeth. The application system comprises an application dental splint that is well-suited for use on the upper and/or lower jaw, whereby the dental splint can accommodate at least one first three-dimensional shaped body that is adapted to the splint and contains a matrix, preferably the dental splint can be deformed by heat. The matrix of the at least one first and optionally further shaped body contains at least one active substance or a system with a mineralizing effect containing phosphates, calcium, and fluorides. The method for producing the application system and a kit comprising the application system are also a subject matter of the invention. According to the invention, the application system and kit are used for depositing apatite, in particular needle-shaped fluorapatite crystals. According to the invention, it is feasible to deposit more than or equal to 1 μm apatite, in particular fluorapatite, on tooth surfaces over one sleeping period or during the day in order to seal or brighten porous tooth surfaces.	05-07-2015

Philipp Henning Gerlach, Aachen DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20150139260	VCSEL WITH INTRACAVITY CONTACTS - The present invention relates to a laser device being formed of at least one VCSEL (	05-21-2015

Robert Gerlach, Oxford GB

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110041627	TEST SPECIMEN FOR TESTING THROUGH-THICKNESS PROPERTIES - The present invention relates to a test specimen (	02-24-2011

Roland Gerlach, Bietigheim-Bissingen DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20150375249	COATING AGENT PUMP - A coating agent pump for conveying a coating agent, in particular a paint, an adhesive or a sealing agent. The coating agent pump comprises a pump inlet for admitting the coating agent to be conveyed and a pump outlet for delivering the coating agent conveyed by the coating agent pump. In addition to the pump inlet and the pump outlet, a cleaning opening is provided for cleaning the coating agent pump of the coating agent situated in the coating agent pump.	12-31-2015

Rolf Gerlach, Starnberg DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20160133620	Power Semiconductor Device with Temperature Protection - A temperature protected power semiconductor device has a substrate which includes a power field effect transistor (FET) and a thermosensitive element. The power FET has a gate electrode connected to a gate, a drift region, and first and second terminals for a load current. The load current is controllable during operation by a voltage applied between the gate and the first terminal. The thermosensitive element has a first contact connected to one of the gate electrode and first terminal of the power FET, and a second contact connected to the other one of the gate electrode and first terminal. The thermosensitive element is located close to the power FET and thermally coupled thereto. The thermosensitive element is configured to cause the power FET to reduce the load current in case of an exceedance of a limit temperature of the power FET, by interconnecting the gate and first terminal.	05-12-2016

Simon Gerlach, Hannover DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20150354978	SITUATION-AWARE ROUTE AND DESTINATION PREDICTIONS - A method for predicting a destination of a vehicle includes receiving vehicle data from a plurality of sensors, the vehicle data including at least a current location and a current time, determining a plurality of usage scenarios based on the vehicle data, accessing historical vehicle data and user data from a database, assigning, based on the vehicle data, a likelihood value to each of the plurality of usage scenarios, and predicting a set of destinations and routes for each of the plurality of usage scenarios.	12-10-2015
20160034238	MIRRORING DEEPLINKS - An in-vehicle system for providing a driver with access to functionality of a mobile device that includes a head unit with an in-vehicle display for providing infotainment to the driver, software that configures the user interface with a graphical scheme native to the head unit, and a software interface by which the head unit can receive deep links from the mobile device. Deep links identify application contexts available within the mobile software applications, and are made available to a user from within in-vehicle software applications. When a user selects a deep link from within an in-vehicle software application, the deep link is followed and the appropriate application context is rendered by mobile device. The application context is then mirrored onto the in-vehicle display, where a driver can view and interact with it using mirroring technology.	02-04-2016
20160068123	Method and Device for Communication Between a Transmitter and a Vehicle - A method for communication between a transmitter and a vehicle includes transmitting information in the form of a text message in machine-readable form from the transmitter to the vehicle, receiving and analyzing the information of the vehicle, and automatically executing an application of the vehicle as a function of the information. A device by which the method of the invention may be implemented is also described.	03-10-2016

Simon Gerlach, Meine DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20150292893	METHOD FOR PROVIDING PREDICTIVE TARGET POSITIONS AND/OR PREDICTIVE ROUTES TO ACHIEVE A TARGET POSITION AND NAVIGATION SYSTEM - A method for providing predictive destination positions and/or predictive routes for reaching a destination position, in which the current local position is ascertained and the destination position is automatically derived according to probability aspects on the basis of a comparison between stored driving information from the past and current driving information, wherein n possible destination positions are ascertained, where n≧2, with the destination position being offered as an input option for a navigation system and/or the predictive routes with the destination positions being presented simultaneously. Also disclosed is a navigation system.	10-15-2015

Thomas Gerlach, Karrinyup AU

Patent application number	Description	Published
20140246508	GASEOUS METERING CONTROL FOR DUAL FLUID INJECTOR - A fuel injection system (	09-04-2014

Tim Gerlach, Schloss Holte Stukenbrock DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20150198326	FLAP MECHANISM WITH A LIGHT ELEMENT - A flap mechanism (	07-16-2015

Ulrich Gerlach, Wissen DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130097989	DEVICE FOR FIXING AN END-SIDE OF A CHAIN - The invention relates to a device for fixing an end-side of a flyer chain, wherein the fixing can be carried out by a clamping through the exertion of a force on partial sections of an outer circumferential surface of at least one plate-link of at least one end-side link of the flyer chain.	04-25-2013
20130102428	FLYER CHAIN - A flyer chain includes outer-, inner-, and intermediate plate-links, and a chain bolt, wherein the outer-, inner-, and intermediate plate-links are arranged in a single-lacing, and wherein a clearance fit is established between the chain bolt and the outer plate-links	04-25-2013

Uwe Gerlach, Bad Vilvel DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20150203535	DERIVATIVES OF PYRIDINONE AS INHIBITORS FOR TISSUE TRANSGLUTAMINASE - The invention relates to pyridinone derivatives of general formula (I) as inhibitors of tissue transglutaminase, to methods for producing the pyridinone derivatives, to pharmaceutical compositions containing said pyridinone derivatives and to their use for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with tissue transglutaminase.	07-23-2015

Wayne Gerlach, East Killara AU

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120058092	PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A COMPOSITION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS - Described are compositions and methods relating to gene therapy, particularly as applied to hematopoietic progenitor (HP) cells, to transduced cells and methods of obtaining them, and to methods of using them to provide prolonged engraftment of modified hematopoietic cells in human subjects. The invention particularly relates to ex vivo gene therapy of HP cells for treatment or prevention of HIV infection.	03-08-2012
20130344040	PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A COMPOSITION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS - Described are compositions and methods relating to gene therapy, particularly as applied to hematopoietic progenitor (HP) cells, to transduced cells and methods of obtaining them, and to methods of using them to provide prolonged engraftment of modified hematopoietic cells in human subjects. The invention particularly relates to ex vivo gene therapy of HP cells for treatment or prevention of HIV infection.	12-26-2013

Wolfgang Gerlach, Giessen DE

Patent application number	Description	Published
20150328849	METHOD FOR INJECTION MOLDING A FASTENING ELEMENT, AND FASTENING ELEMENT - A fastening element for holding onto a stud, the fastening element having a body extending along an axis and including a wall of substantially uniform thickness that partially defines an axially extending through hole; a sprue located only at a single axial injection end of the wall; and wherein the fastening element is formed of an injection molded liquid crystal polymer material that flowed into the body via the sprue.	11-19-2015