Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110079006 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING A VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT HYDRAULIC PUMP - A control system for a variable displacement hydraulic pump is disclosed. The control system utilizes two flow control valves to provide a flow of hydraulic fluid to two control actuators. The control actuators create opposing moments on the pump swashplate to control swashplate orientation and pump displacement. | 04-07-2011 |
20110094213 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING A PUMP - An electro-hydraulic control system for pump control is disclosed. The hydraulic actuator is configured to control the inclination of a swashplate. The position of the hydraulic actuator is controlled by controlling the flow of pressurized fluid into and out of two pressure chambers, one on either side of the actuator. A fluid passageway is provided that selectively connects the passageway to tank. The passageway has an orifice for each pressure chamber, and the actuator is configured to selectively block all or a portion of one or more of the orifices, depending on the position of the actuator. The components of the control system are configured such that the actuator will return to a neutral or near-neutral position upon loss of electric power. | 04-28-2011 |
20120152056 | Multiple-variator control for split power CVT and hydrostatic transmissions - A system for providing hydraulic power in a machine transmission includes a first hydraulic variator and a second hydraulic variator, each variator having a mechanical input to a hydraulic pump, and a hydraulic motor linked to the hydraulic pump via a hydraulic circuit, and a mechanical output from the hydraulic motor. In an embodiment, the first hydraulic circuit side of one variator is hydraulically connected to the first hydraulic side of the other variator, and the second hydraulic circuit sides are likewise linked together. A common input is geared to the inputs of the variators and a common output is geared to the outputs of the variators, tying the pump and motor of each variator to rotate at the same speed as the counterpart components of the other variator. | 06-21-2012 |
20120282115 | METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM FOR CONTROLLING TORQUE LOAD OF MULTIPLE VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT HYDRAULIC PUMPS - Methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for controlling the torque load of multiple variable displacement hydraulic pumps are described herein. A pump displacement limit for each variable displacement hydraulic pump is determined using a nonlinear control law to limit the total pump torque load of the variable displacement hydraulic pumps on the engine. The value of the actual pump displacement of each variable displacement hydraulic pump is controlled based upon the respective determined pump displacement limit. | 11-08-2012 |
20120283882 | Method and apparatus for controlling multiple variable displacement hydraulic pumps - A method and apparatus for controlling discharge pressure and pump displacement of a plurality of variable displacement hydraulic pumps having connected discharge ports is provided. Each pump includes a swashplate and a control valve for controlling an angle of inclination of the swashplate. A desired first pump displacement control law is determined for a first pump and determined a desired second pump discharge pressure control law for a second pump. The first control law is used to determine a first intermediate control variable. The second control law is used to determine a second intermediate control variable. The control of the first and second pumps are combined using the first and second intermediate control variables. A desired first control valve setting for the control valve of the first pump is determined using the combined first and second intermediate control variables and the first control law. A desired second control valve setting for the control valve of the second pump is determined using the combined first and second intermediate control variables and the second control law. | 11-08-2012 |
20120301326 | PUMP HAVING PORT PLATE PRESSURE CONTROL - A pump is disclosed. The pump may have a housing, a body rotatably disposed within the housing and at least partially defining a plurality of barrels, a plurality of plungers associated with the plurality of barrels, and a swashplate tiltable by a swivel torque to vary a displacement of the plurality of plungers relative to the plurality of barrels. The pump may also have a port plate with an inlet port, a discharge port, and a protrusion. The port plate may be configured to engage an end of the rotatable body. The pump may further have at least one piston disposed within the housing and configured to selectively engage the protrusion of the port plate to rotate the port plate and adjust the swivel torque. | 11-29-2012 |
20140060034 | Electro-Hydraulic Control Design for Pump Discharge Pressure Control - An electro-hydraulic control system manages speed of a hydraulic fan by using a solenoid to bias a three position pool of a control valve coupled to a hydraulic pump driving the fan. In a first position, the spool releases pressure on a de-stroke actuator of the pump and allows an on-stroke actuator to increase output pressure corresponding to a speed of an engine driving the pump. In a second position, the spool isolates the de-stroke actuator and fixes the pressure output of the pump. In a third position, the spool couples the de-stroke actuator to the pump output and causes a reduction in the pressure output of the pump. The solenoid coupled to the spool sets the output pressure at which the spool is in the second position. | 03-06-2014 |
20140169987 | Dielectric Sensor Arrangement and Method for Swashplate Angular Position Detection - Swashplate angle sensing arrangement for a variable displacement pump a nonrotating swashplate and a rotating pump barrel includes a dielectric sensor in a swashplate angle sensing arrangement. The arrangement includes a sensing probe coupled to the casing, a sensor target coupled to the swashplate, and a controller configured to direct an alternating current through the sensing probe to establish an impedance between the probe and the target, and to determine voltage across the probe. The controller is further adapted to determine the angle of the swashplate relative to the casing based on the determined voltage. | 06-19-2014 |
20150337871 | HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM HAVING BIAS CURRENT CORRECTION - A hydraulic control system for a machine is disclosed. The hydraulic control system may include a pump configured to pressurize fluid, a displacement control valve configured to affect displacement of the pump, and a solenoid configured to bias the displacement control valve to a zero position. The hydraulic control system may also include a controller in communication with the solenoid. The controller may be configured to estimate a bias current that biases the displacement control valve to the zero position, and to control the displacement control valve based on the bias current. The controller also be further configured to monitor a pump parameter of the pump, and to determine a control error associated with the pump parameter. The controller may further be configured to selectively adjust the bias current based on the control error. | 11-26-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20140091234 | METHOD TO IMPROVE LIGHT EXTRACTION FROM SCINTILLATORS - A method to improve light extraction from scintillators in a gamma ray detector, the method including forming a roughened layer on a light-emitting surface of the scintillators, the roughened thin layer having a pillar/column or a corn-shaped structure. | 04-03-2014 |
20140110567 | DETERMINING RELATIVE TIMING OFFSET IN DIFFERENT ELECTRONIC PATHWAYS USING INTERNAL SIGNALS - A process and system including a detector having a photosensor therein that outputs a signal and a plurality of after-pulse detector devices independently connected to the photosensor via respective pathways. The after-pulse detector devices each detecting an after-pulse in the signal, where the after-pulse represents an after-event in the photosensor triggered from a previous photon generating event. The system further includes a processing device that receives an indication of the detection of the after-pulse from each of the plurality of after-pulse detector devices and determines a relative delay between the respective pathways based on timing the received indications, and includes a memory that stores the relative delay in association with an identification of the corresponding after-pulse detector devices. | 04-24-2014 |
20140110573 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PHOTOSENSOR GAIN AND SCINTILLATION CRYSTAL OPTICAL COUPLING MONITORING IN RADIATION DETECTORS - A photosensor gain detection apparatus that includes a detector including a photosensor configured to output a signal. Also included in the apparatus is an after-pulse/dark-pulse detector device that detects an after-pulse or a dark-pulse in the signal output by the photosensor, and outputs an indication signal when the after-pulse or the dark-pulse is detected, the after-pulse and the dark-pulse representing after-events in the photosensor triggered from a previous photon generating event. The apparatus additionally includes an integrator device that integrates the signal output by the photosensor and to output an integrated signal, a histogram device connected to the integrator and the after-pulse/dark-pulse detector device, and that generates a histogram from the integrated signal and the indication signal, a gain determination device that determines a gain of the photosensor based on the generated histogram, and a memory configured to store the determined gain. | 04-24-2014 |
20140110589 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR IMPROVING UNIFORMITY OF PERFORMANCE IN POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY - A method of arranging detector modules within a gamma ray detector apparatus, each detector module including an array of scintillation crystals to convert light into electrical signals, the light being generated in response to incident gamma rays generated by an annihilation event, the method including obtaining performance information of each of the detector modules, and determining a relative location for each of the detector modules within the gamma ray detector based on the obtained performance information of the detector modules. | 04-24-2014 |
20140151562 | Adaptive reflectivity for performance improvement on radiation detectors - Systems, devices, processes, and algorithms for adapting and/or adjusting a reflectivity of a reflector in a radiation detector. The reflectivity can be changed by a reflectivity control signal that is generated based on an estimated count rate of events so as to adjust a probability of a photosensor detecting light resulting from the event via, for example, a scintillation event. By adjusting the probability, an energy resolution of the radiation detector can be optimized. The reflectivity of a reflector can be changed by changing a state of a thin film, a liquid crystal layer, or a suspended magnetic particle layer. | 06-05-2014 |
20150014519 | DETERMINING RELATIVE TIMING OFFSET IN DIFFERENT ELECTRONIC PATHWAYS USING INTERNAL SIGNAL - A process and system including a detector having a photosensor therein that outputs a signal and a plurality of after-pulse detector devices independently connected to the photosensor via respective pathways. The after-pulse detector devices each detecting an after-pulse in the signal, where the after-pulse represents an after-event in the photosensor triggered from a previous photon generating event. The system further includes a processing device that receives an indication of the detection of the after-pulse from each of the plurality of after-pulse detector devices and determines a relative delay between the respective pathways based on timing the received indications, and includes a memory that stores the relative delay in association with an identification of the corresponding after-pulse detector devices. | 01-15-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20130137151 | PROCESSES FOR THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO OXYGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUND, APPARATUS THEREFOR AND COMPOSITIONS PRODUCED THEREBY - Processes are disclosed for the conversion of biomass to oxygenated organic compound using a simplified syngas cleanup operation that is cost effective and protects the fermentation operation. The processes of this invention treat the crude syngas from the gasifier by non-catalytic partial oxidation. The partial oxidation reduces the hydrocarbon content of the syngas such as methane, ethylene and acetylene to provide advantageous gas feeds for anaerobic fermentations to produce oxygenated organic compounds such as ethanol, propanol and butanol. Additionally, the partial oxidation facilitates any additional cleanup of the syngas as may be required for the anaerobic fermentation. Producer gases and partial oxidation processes are also disclosed. | 05-30-2013 |
20130177957 | SULFIDE GENERATION PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR SYNGAS FERMENTATION - A process that generates sulfide in production of liquid products from syngas and a system for syngas fermentation including a sulfide generation process to convert feed gas to liquid product, the process including: partially oxidizing high-temperature gas, input gas, and molten sulfur to generate sulfide gas, the high-temperature gas containing oxygen, the input gas containing carbonaceous fuel and the sulfide gas containing hydrogen sulfide, CO, CO | 07-11-2013 |
20130266997 | INTEGRATED PROCESSES FOR REFINING SYNGAS AND BIOCONVERSION TO OXYGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUND - Integrated processes are provided for syngas refining and bioconversion of syngas to oxygenated organic compound. In the integrated processes ammonia contained in the syngas is recovered and used as a source of nitrogen and water for the fermentation. The integrated processes first remove tars from syngas by scrubbing using a first aqueous medium under conditions that ammonium bicarbonate is unstable. With tars removed, contact between the syngas and a second aqueous medium enables ammonia and carbon dioxide to be removed from the syngas without undue removal of components adverse to the fermentation, processing or oxygenated product such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylene, acetylene, and hydrogen cyanide. At least a portion of the second aqueous medium is supplied as a source of water and ammonia for the fermentation. | 10-10-2013 |
20140273125 | PROCESSES FOR THE ANAEROBIC BIOCONVERSION OF SYNGAS TO OXYGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUND WITH IN SITU PROTECTION FROM HYDROGEN CYANIDE - Processes are disclosed for the anaerobic bioconversion of syngas to oxygenated organic compound that use an in situ method for protecting the microorganisms from hydrogen cyanide contained in the syngas that passes to the fermentation broth. The fermentation broth is maintained at a pH of between about 4 and 6, and dissolved metal cation of one or more of iron, cobalt, nickel and zinc is provided to the fermentation broth in an amount sufficient to form, under the conditions of the fermentation broth, a substantially insoluble metal complex with the metal cation and cyanide anion. The rate of formation of the insoluble complex is sufficiently high that that the amount of cyanide that is taken up by microorganisms does not result in an undue adverse effect on the population of microorganisms. | 09-18-2014 |
20150028260 | PROCESSES FOR THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO OXYGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUND, APPARATUS THEREFOR AND COMPOSITIONS PRODUCED THEREBY - Processes are disclosed for the conversion of biomass to oxygenated organic compound using a simplified syngas cleanup operation that is cost effective and protects the fermentation operation. The processes of this invention treat the crude syngas from the gasifier by non-catalytic partial oxidation. The partial oxidation reduces the hydrocarbon content of the syngas such as methane, ethylene and acetylene to provide advantageous gas feeds for anaerobic fermentations to produce oxygenated organic compounds such as ethanol, propanol and butanol. Additionally, the partial oxidation facilitates any additional cleanup of the syngas as may be required for the anaerobic fermentation. Producer gases and partial oxidation processes are also disclosed. | 01-29-2015 |
20150184093 | INTEGRATED PROCESSES FOR REFINING SYNGAS AND BIOCONVERSION TO OXYGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUND - Integrated processes are provided for syngas refining and bioconversion of syngas to oxygenated organic compound. In the integrated processes ammonia contained in the syngas is recovered and used as a source of nitrogen and water for the fermentation. The integrated processes first remove tars from syngas by scrubbing using a first aqueous medium under conditions that ammonium bicarbonate is unstable. With tars removed, contact between the syngas and a second aqueous medium enables ammonia and carbon dioxide to be removed from the syngas without undue removal of components adverse to the fermentation, processing or oxygenated product such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylene, acetylene, and hydrogen cyanide. At least a portion of the second aqueous medium is supplied as a source of water and ammonia for the fermentation. | 07-02-2015 |
20150225748 | PROCESSES FOR ANAEROBIC BIOCONVERSION OF HYDROGEN-CONTAINING GASES TO OXYGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS - Anaerobic processes for the bioconversion of syngas to oxygenated organic compounds in an aqueous menstruum are disclosed where exogenous carbon dioxide is used to provide a syngas-containing substrate gas having a desired electron to carbon ratio. The exogenous carbon dioxide contains free oxygen, and the aqueous menstruum withdrawn for product recovery is contacted with the exogenous carbon dioxide to reduce its oxygen concentration before being supplied as part of the substrate gas. | 08-13-2015 |
20160130610 | PROCESSES FOR THE ACIDIC, ANAEROBIC CONVERSION OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON OXIDES TO OXYGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUND - Processes for the bioconversion of syngas to oxygenated organic compound are disclosed that reliably, cost-effectively and efficiently supply sulfur nutrient to microorganisms contained in acidic, aqueous fermentation menstrua. In the processes of this invention, basic, aqueous solution used to maintain the pH of the aqueous fermentation menstruum is used to remove hydrogen sulfide from the off-gas from the fermentation menstruum for recycle to the fermentation menstruum. | 05-12-2016 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110020910 | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR IMPROVING SUGAR TRANSPORT, MIXED SUGAR FERMENTATION, AND PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS - The present disclosure relates to host cells containing a recombinant polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide where the polypeptide transports cellodextrin into the cell. The present disclosure further relates to methods of increasing transport of cellodextrin into a cell, methods of increasing growth of a cell on a medium containing cellodextrin, methods of co-fermenting cellulose-derived and hemicellulose-derived sugars, and methods of making hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives by providing a host cell containing a recombinant polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide where the polypeptide transports cellodextrin into the cell. The present disclosure relates to host cells containing a recombinant polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide where the polypeptide transports a pentose into the cell, methods of increasing transport of a pentose into a cell, methods of increasing growth of a cell on a medium containing pentose sugars, and methods of making hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives by providing a host cell containing a recombinant polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide where the polypeptide transports a pentose into the cell. | 01-27-2011 |
20130295631 | COMBINATORIAL DESIGN OF HIGHLY EFFICIENT HETEROLOGOUS PATHWAYS - The present disclosure relates to the production of highly efficient heterologous pathways in host cells by identifying favorable enzyme and/or promoter combinations. In particular the present disclosure provides methods for assembly and selection of multi-step xylose and arabinose/xylose utilization pathways from a library of fungal enzymes. The present disclosure further provides compositions containing favorable enzyme combinations, as well as recombinant yeast expressing such combinations, and methods of use for bioconversion of pentose sugars. Also provided are compositions and methods involving favorable expression patterns identified by utilization of combinations of promoters of varying strengths. Provided herein are methods for assembly and selection of multi-step xylose, arabinose/xylose, and cellobiose utilization pathways from a library of promoters of varying strengths. The present disclosure further provides compositions containing heterologous enzyme-coding polynucleotides under the control of favorable promoters, as well as recombinant yeast expressing such enzymes, and methods of their use for bioconversion of pentose and/or hexose sugars. | 11-07-2013 |
20130316437 | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR IMPROVING SUGAR TRANSPORT, MIXED SUGAR FERMENTATION, AND PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS - The present disclosure relates to host cells containing a recombinant polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide where the polypeptide transports cellodextrin into the cell. The present disclosure further relates to methods of increasing transport of cellodextrin into a cell, methods of increasing growth of a cell on a medium containing cellodextrin, methods of co-fermenting cellulose-derived and hemicellulose-derived sugars, and methods of making hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives by providing a host cell containing a recombinant polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide where the polypeptide transports cellodextrin into the cell. The present disclosure relates to host cells containing a recombinant polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide where the polypeptide transports a pentose into the cell, methods of increasing transport of a pentose into a cell, methods of increasing growth of a cell on a medium containing pentose sugars, and methods of making hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives by providing a host cell containing a recombinant polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide where the polypeptide transports a pentose into the cell. | 11-28-2013 |
20150299755 | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR IMPROVING SUGAR TRANSPORT, MIXED SUGAR FERMENTATION, AND PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS - The present disclosure relates to host cells containing a recombinant polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide where the polypeptide transports cellodextrin into the cell. The present disclosure further relates to methods of increasing transport of cellodextrin into a cell, methods of increasing growth of a cell on a medium containing cellodextrin, methods of co-fermenting cellulose-derived and hemicellulose-derived sugars, and methods of making hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives by providing a host cell containing a recombinant polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide where the polypeptide transports cellodextrin into the cell. The present disclosure relates to host cells containing a recombinant polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide where the polypeptide transports a pentose into the cell, methods of increasing transport of a pentose into a cell, methods of increasing growth of a cell on a medium containing pentose sugars, and methods of making hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives by providing a host cell containing a recombinant polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide where the polypeptide transports a pentose into the cell. | 10-22-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100078077 | Spacers for Microfluidic Channels - A microfluidic system comprises a microchannel, a carrier fluid in the microchannel, and at least two plugs in the microchannel. Each plug comprises a plug fluid that is substantially immiscible with the carrier fluid. The microfluidic system further comprises at least one spacer in the microchannel between two plugs. Each spacer comprises a spacer fluid that is substantially immiscible with the carrier fluid and the plug fluid, and both of the following conditions are satisfied: (γ | 04-01-2010 |
20110112503 | CHEMISTRODE, A PLUG-BASED MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR STIMULATION AND SAMPLING WITH HIGH TEMPORAL, SPATIAL, AND CHEMICAL RESOLUTION - A method for sampling and/or introducing a matter to an environment comprises introducing a first array of plugs through a first microchannel of a device into an exchange region of the device in which mass transport between the environment and the plug fluid of at least one plug in the first array of plugs occurs and a second array of plugs is formed. The exchange region is in fluid communication with the first microchannel. The method further comprises directing the second array of plugs into a second microchannel downstream of and in fluid communication with the exchange region. | 05-12-2011 |
20120028342 | SLIP CHIP DEVICE AND METHODS - A device is described having a first surface having a plurality of first areas and a second surface having a plurality of second areas. The first surface and the second surface are opposed to one another and can move relative to each other from at least a first position where none of the plurality of first areas, having a first substance, are exposed to plurality of second areas, having a second substance, to a second position. When in the second position, the plurality of first and second areas, and therefore the first and second substances, are exposed to one another. The device may further include a series of ducts in communication with a plurality of first second areas to allow for a substance to be disposed in, or upon, the plurality of second areas when in the first position. | 02-02-2012 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100260828 | Modulation of Platelet Aggregation - Methods and compositions for inhibition of platelet cell aggregation are described. In particular, compositions comprising cell permeant RGT peptides, such as RGT bound to a lipid moiety are provided. Compositions may be used in the treatment and prevention of clot related diseases such as stroke and myocardial infarction. | 10-14-2010 |
20130072433 | INHIBITORS OF BETA INTEGRIN-G PROTEIN ALPHA SUBUNIT BINDING INTERACTIONS - Provided herein are compounds that inhibit a binding interaction between a β integrin and a G protein subunit, as well as compositions, e.g., pharmaceutical compositions, comprising the same, and related kits. In some embodiments, the compound is an antibody or antibody analog, and, in other embodiments, the compound is a peptide or peptide analog. Also provided are methods of using the compounds, including methods of treating or preventing a medical condition, such as stroke, heart attack, cancer, or inflammation. | 03-21-2013 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090256778 | MULTI-BAND ANTENNA - A multi-band antenna is provided that operates in non-harmonically related frequency bands. The antenna includes a primary antenna element for a first frequency band of the non-harmonically related bands, said primary antenna element extending perpendicularly from a ground plane, the primary antenna element electrically isolated from the ground plane, a plurality of secondary elements extending from the ground plane parallel to the primary antenna element and arranged in a circle around the primary antenna element, each of said plurality of secondary elements electrically isolated from the primary antenna element and ground plane and a plurality of antenna elements for a second frequency band of a higher relative frequency than the first frequency band, the plurality of high frequency antenna elements extending parallel to the primary and secondary antenna elements and disposed in a circle around the secondary antenna elements. | 10-15-2009 |
20100033401 | MULTI-BAND CEILING ANTENNA - A multi-band antenna is provided that operates in at least two non-harmonically related frequency bands. The antenna includes a low frequency antenna for a relatively low frequency band of the at least two non-harmonically related frequency bands extending on a proximal end from a ground plane along a predominant axis and electrically isolated from the ground plane and a cone-shaped relatively high frequency antenna for a relatively high frequency band of the at least two non-harmonically related frequency bands disposed on and electrically connected to the proximal end of the low frequency antenna with an apex of the high frequency antenna disposed adjacent the ground plane coincident with the proximal end of the low frequency antenna and a base extending away from the ground plane coaxial with the predominant axis. The multi-band antenna further includes a first tubular sleeve extending from the ground plane coaxial with the predominant axis, said tubular sleeve electrically isolated from the ground plane, the low frequency antenna and high frequency antenna and a second tubular sleeve lying coaxial with the predominant axis extending from a marginal edge of the base of the high frequency antenna away from the ground plane, said second tubular sleeve electrically isolated from the high frequency antenna and low frequency antenna. | 02-11-2010 |
20100085264 | Low Profile Antenna - A multi-band antenna is provided that operates in at least two non-harmonically related frequency bands. The antenna includes a ground plane, a cone-shaped relatively high frequency antenna element with a tip of the high frequency antenna disposed adjacent to but electrically isolated from the ground plane with a base of the cone-shaped antenna element extending away from the ground plane, and at least three relatively low frequency antenna elements electrically connected to and extending between the base of the cone-shaped antenna element and the ground plane. | 04-08-2010 |