Choi, US

Bryan D. Choi, Durham, NC US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120189630	BISPECIFIC EGFRvIII ANTIBODY ENGAGING MOLECULES - We have constructed bispecific antibody engaging molecules which have one arm that specifically engages a tumor cell which expresses the human EGFRvIII mutant protein on its surface, and a second arm that specifically engages T cell activation ligand CD3. The engaging molecules are highly cytotoxic and antigen-specific. These are promising therapeutic agents.	07-26-2012

Byungjoon Choi, Mountain View, CA US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130242637	Memelectronic Device - A memelectronic device may have a first and a second electrode spaced apart by a plurality of materials. A first material may have a memory characteristic exhibited by the first material maintaining a magnitude of an electrically controlled physical property after discontinuing an electrical stimulus on the first material. A second material may have an auxiliary characteristic.	09-19-2013

Byung-Kwon Choi, Lebanon, NH US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120328626	METHOD FOR INCREASING N-GLYCOSYLATION SITE OCCUPANCY ON THERAPEUTIC GLYCOPROTEINS PRODUCED IN PICHIA PASTORIS - Described is a method for increasing the N-glycosylation site occupancy of a therapeutic glycoprotein produced in recombinant host cells modified as described herein and genetically engineered to express the glycoprotein compared to the N-glycosylation site occupancy of the therapeutic glycoprotein produced in a recombinant host cell not modified as described herein. In particular, the method provides recombinant host cells that overexpress a heterologous single-subunit oligosaccharyltransferase, which in particular embodiments is capable of functionally suppressing the lethal phenotype of a mutation of at least one essential protein of the yeast oligosaccharyltransferase (OTase) complex, for example, the	12-27-2012
20140287463	ENGINEERED PICHIA STRAINS WITH IMPROVED FERMENTATION YIELD AND N-GLYCOSYLATION QUALITY - The present invention relates to novel engineered	09-25-2014

Byung-Kwon Choi, Hanover, NH US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130217067	Combinatorial DNA Library for Producing Modified N-Glycans In Lower Eukaryotes - The present invention relates to eukaryotic host cells having modified oligosaccharides which may be modified further by heterologous expression of a set of glycosyltransferases, sugar transporters and mannosidases to become host-strains for the production of mammalian, e.g., human therapeutic glycoproteins. The invention provides nucleic acid molecules and combinatorial libraries which can be used to successfully target and express mammalian enzymatic activities such as those involved in glycosylation to intracellular compartments in a eukaryotic host cell. The process provides an engineered host cell which can be used to express and target any desirable gene(s) involved in glycosylation. Host cells with modified oligosaccharides are created or selected. N-glycans made in the engineered host cells have a Man	08-22-2013
20150051381	COMBINATORIAL DNA LIBRARY FOR PRODUCING MODIFIED N-GLYCANS IN LOWER EUKARYOTES - The present invention relates to eukaryotic host cells having modified oligosaccharides which may be modified further by heterologous expression of a set of glycosyltransferases, sugar transporters and mannosidases to become host-strains for the production of mammalian, e.g., human therapeutic glycoproteins. The invention provides nucleic acid molecules and combinatorial libraries which can be used to successfully target and express mammalian enzymatic activities such as those involved in glycosylation to intracellular compartments in a eukaryotic host cell. The process provides an engineered host cell which can be used to express and target any desirable gene(s) involved in glycosylation. Host cells with modified oligosaccharides are created or selected. N-glycans made in the engineered host cells have a Man	02-19-2015

Chil Y. Choi, Chesterfield, MO US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120100051	RECOVERY OF PHOSPHORUS VALUES AND SALT IMPURITIES FROM AQUEOUS WASTE STREAMS - The present invention generally relates to processes for recovery of phosphorus values and salt impurities from aqueous waste streams. In particular, the present invention relates to processes for recovery of phosphorus values and salt impurities from aqueous waste streams generated in the manufacture of phospho-herbicides, including N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine and glufosinate.	04-26-2012
20140234196	RECOVERY OF PHOSPHORUS VALUES AND SALT IMPURITIES FROM AQUEOUS WASTE STREAMS - The present invention generally relates to processes for recovery of phosphorus values and salt impurities from aqueous waste streams. In particular, the present invention relates to processes for recovery of phosphorus values and salt impurities from aqueous waste streams generated in the manufacture of phospho-herbicides, including N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine and glufosinate.	08-21-2014

Chong W. Choi, Gilbert, AZ US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090195318	Self Regulating Biasing Circuit - A disclosed self regulating biasing circuit (SRBC) includes an unregulated node that couples to an unregulated power supply that produces a supply voltage. An impedance element of the SRBC carries an unregulated current having a nominal component and a variance component between an unregulated node and a regulated node. A detection circuit connected between the unregulated node and a third node detects a variance component of a supply voltage and generates a detection current based on the variance component. A compensation circuit connected to the third node draws a compensation current, based on the detection current, from the regulated node. The SRBC is designed wherein the compensation current is approximately equal to the variance component of the unregulated current. The regulated node may be connected to a control terminal of a transistor to be biased.	08-06-2009

Chung Hang J. Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120148488	Targeting Kidney Mesangium With Nanoparticles of Defined Diameter - Described herein are methods of treating a disorder affecting the mesangial cells in a subject by administering an engineered nanoparticle (ENP) capable of delivering a therapeutic agent to the subject. Also provided are diagnostic methods for administering to a subject an ENP, analyzing a mesangial cell of the subject and determining whether the engineered nanoparticle is present in a mesangial cell of the subject.	06-14-2012

Dae-Eun Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110109264	APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING CHARGE IN BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM - Disclosed is a charging apparatus and method of a battery charging system, including a power supply unit supplying power for charging a battery of a terminal if the position of a charging coil of the battery charging system matches the position of a charging coil of the terminal, a sensing unit obtaining the sensing information for determining the position of the terminal, a position detecting unit determining the position of the terminal on the basis of the sensing information obtained by the sensing unit, a charging coil coupled inductively with the charging coil of the terminal to generate power for charging the battery of the terminal, a coil moving unit moving the charging coil to the position of the terminal, and a control unit controlling a battery charging operation by the charging coil of the terminal and the charging coil moved by the coil moving unit.	05-12-2011

Daiwon Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120164534	GRAPHENE/LiFePO4 CATHODE WITH ENHANCED STABILITY - A lithium ion battery having an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode comprising nano-structured carbon in electrical communication with LiFePO	06-28-2012

Danette Vanessa Choi, Mountain View, HI US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120100235	Papaya puree and uses thereof - The invention relates to methods of prophylactic and/or therapeutic uses of a puree preparation from Carica papaya fruit, said puree prepared by a method comprising cooking the fruit for at least 30 minutes at normal pressure, optionally in an aqueous solution which is at least twice the volume of the fruit; the fruit or crushed cooling the cooked fruit over a period of time of at least 30 minutes in an oxygen-containing atmosphere; and homogenizing the cooled fruit to obtain a puree.	04-26-2012

Daniel Choi, Charlotte, NC US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100077025	WORKFLOW AUTOMATION & REQUEST PROCESSING - Methods and systems for transparently and seamlessly integrating various process and project management systems into a single system with a single point of entry for all users are disclosed. The system creates a web, tying together each of the independent systems to provide an intelligent, end-to-end workflow management system.	03-25-2010

Dave Choi, Marysville, OH US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100123548	SLIDING KEY FOB - A sliding key fob includes a housing formed of a first housing member and a second housing member. A transmitter is disposed within the housing. A transmitter sends a first actuating signal when the first housing member is slidably moved in a first direction relative to the second housing member. The transmitter sends a second actuating signal when the first housing member is slidably moved in a second direction relative to the second housing member.	05-20-2010
20100123549	SLIDING KEY FOB - A slide actuated key fob includes a housing having a transmitter disposed therein and at least one slide actuated button disposed on the housing. The transmitter sends an actuating signal when the at least one slide actuated button is slidably moved in a first direction and subsequently depressed in a second direction.	05-20-2010
20100310091	SELECTOR FOR VEHICLE AUDIO SYSTEM - An audio transmission device that is mountable to a vehicle may include: an audio input device that receives audio input signals from one or more audio sources; an audio output device that provides audio output signals in response to the audio input signals; a knob that is rotatably adjustable with respect to the audio transmission device to adjust the audio transmission device to select between audio functions; an audio function indicator having an indication site for each audio function; and, a touch sensor that senses if the knob is being touched. The audio transmission device is adjustable between audio functions without creating the annoying “channel flipping” effect currently experienced in the art.	12-09-2010
20100315349	VEHICLE COMMANDER CONTROL SWITCH, SYSTEM AND METHOD - A vehicle commander control switch, system and method includes a touch pad having a touch surface for receiving touch input thereon. The touch surface has a first inner zone and a second outer zone disposed outwardly relative to the first inner zone. A touch pad signal generator detects the location of the touch input on the touch surface and generates signals corresponding thereto. The control unit is operatively connected to the touch signal generator. The control unit receives signals from the touch signal generator and controls display content on a display device. The control unit scrolls the display content on the display when the touch pad signal generator detects the touch input in the second zone and sends the signals to the control unit corresponding to the touch input in the second zone.	12-16-2010
20120013548	Human-Machine Interface System - A system and method are provided in which an operator/driver of a vehicle may control a number of components within the vehicle via a single human-machine interface. The system may include a computing device, a touch panel with a touch screen located in a center console area of the vehicle near a seat for the operator/driver, and a display device located at a position higher than the touch screen. The operator/driver may select a control presented on the touch screen by touching the control. A display of the touch screen and/or a display of the display device may change in response to the touching of the control. Displays of the touch screen may include current function mode controls in a first layer, logically-grouped current function menu shortcuts in a second layer and HVAC status and control indicators in a third layer.	01-19-2012
20120036297	HYBRID IN-VEHICLE INFOTAINMENT NETWORK - A hybrid in-vehicle infotainment network includes a core high-speed network having a number of high-speed nodes, each of which may be connected to at least one other high-speed node via a high-speed backbone link. At least some high-speed nodes may be hybrid nodes. Hybrid nodes may communicate with one or more low-speed devices via one or more low-speed links. Each hybrid node, along with any connected low-speed devices, forms a respective local low-speed network. In some embodiments, hybrid nodes may conform with a 1394 specification for high-speed backbone link communications and may conform with a universal serial bus (USB) specification for low-speed link communications. Communications via the high-speed backbone links and the low-speed links may use a common application layer having defined therein a same maximum packet size and a same set of commands and vendor-specific identifiers.	02-09-2012
20120078509	Intelligent Navigation For A Motor Vehicle - Methods of controlling a motor vehicle include detecting an unsafe condition. Unsafe conditions can be driver conditions, vehicle conditions as well as external conditions. The method further includes finding a safe area and automatically determining a route to the safe area. A driver can be notified of the route to the safe area.	03-29-2012
20120267442	VEHICULAR AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE REGULATION SYSTEM - An automatic vehicle temperature regulation system regulates and/or adjusts a cabin temperature based in part on a separation distance between a user and an associated vehicle. The system includes a portable transceiver, a fixed transceiver provided in the associated vehicle and configured to communicate with the portable transceiver, a temperature adjusting system configured to perform operations which adjust a temperature within a vehicle cabin, and a controller in communication with the fixed transceiver and the temperature adjusting system. The controller determines a distance between the portable transceiver and the fixed transceiver, and variably controls the temperature adjusting system based on the determined distance between the portable transceiver and the fixed transceiver. The controller may also recognize three distance-defined zones extending outwardly from the vehicle, and may control the temperature adjusting system to perform unique operations depending on which zone the portable transceiver is detected to be in.	10-25-2012

Dave Choi, Raymond, OH US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120271484	Predictive Human-Machine Interface Using Eye Gaze Technology, Blind Spot Indicators and Driver Experience - A system and method are disclosed for preventing accidents in a vehicle. The system comprises an eye gaze detector for receiving an eye gaze vector from a driver. The system additionally comprises a proximity sensor for detecting locations of nearby objects and their velocities. A vehicle accident risk is determined based on the nearby object location and velocity. Additionally, the driver's knowledge of vehicle circumstances is determined based on the nearby object location and velocity as well as the eye gaze location. Responsive to the driver's knowledge and the vehicle accident risk, a vehicle alert is activated.	10-25-2012

Dave Jaeyeong Choi, Marysville, OH US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100315376	CONTROL INTERFACE ASSEMBLIES AND VEHICLES INCLUDING SAME - A control interface assembly includes a touch sensor panel, a laser assembly, first and second laser detectors, and a controller. The touch sensor panel includes a touch surface extending within a touch plane. The laser assembly emits first and second portions of laser light. At least one of the first and second portions of laser light is directed within a laser plane which is spaced from the touch plane. The first and second laser detectors are positioned to receive the respective first and second portions of laser light. The controller is coupled with each of the touch sensor panel and the first and second laser detectors. The controller is configured to detect engagement of the touch surface by an operator's finger and is further configured to detect passage of an operator's finger through the laser plane. Vehicles including a control interface assembly are also provided.	12-16-2010

Derek Choi, New Haven, CT US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110226046	Method and apparatus for testing consistency of frozen beverages - A method and apparatus using a sample test container filled with beverage, a penetrator holder, a penetrator and release means is disclosed. In the method a sample, is drawn into the test container and the penetrator dropped into the sample, and a reading of the stiffness of the sample is made based on the depth of penetration of the penetrator onto the sample.	09-22-2011
20140190242	Method and Apparatus For Testing Consistency of Frozen Beverages - A method and apparatus using sample test container filled with beverage, a penetrator holder, a penetrator and release means is disclosed. In the method a sample, is drawn into the test container and the penetrator dropped into the sample, and a reading of the stiffness of the sample is made based on the depth of penetration of the penetrator onto the sample.	07-10-2014

Emily Choi, Boulder, CO US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130243413	INTEGRATED PHOTOBOOTH TECHNOLOGY FOR PASSENGER VEHICLES - Methods and structure are provided for integrating photography systems into passenger vehicles. The system includes an imaging device, a billing system, and a controller. The imaging device is able to generate a photograph of a passenger in a vehicle. The billing system is within the vehicle, and accepts payment from the passenger for a fare. The controller is able to access the billing system to accept payment for the generated photograph.	09-19-2013

Enid Choi, Louisville, KY US

Eric T. Choi, St. Louis, MO US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110111054	BMP-7 FOR USE IN TREATING VASCULAR SCLEROSIS - The present invention relates to prevention and treatment of vascular sclerosis, vascular calcification (VC) and neointimal hyperplasia using a morphogen.	05-12-2011

George Y. Choi, Atherton, CA US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130092175	APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR ADJUSTING A SUPPORT TO A BODY - Apparatus and methods for adjusting a support to a body are described in which a portable support assembly may be worn by a bed-stricken individual around particular regions of the body where pressure ulcers tend to form. The portable support assembly may generally include adjustable supports which conform the assembly to the patient's body and which also help to distribute one or more fluid pad assemblies relative to the body.	04-18-2013
20130112213	APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR CONFORMING A SUPPORT TO A BODY - Apparatus and methods for conforming a support to a body are described in which a portable support assembly may be worn by a bed-stricken individual around particular regions of the body where pressure ulcers tend to form. The portable support assembly may generally include adjustable supports which conform the assembly to the patient's body and which also help to distribute one or more fluid pad assemblies relative to the body.	05-09-2013
20130161957	ENERGY GENERATING SUPPORTS - Energy harvesting systems are described in which electroactive materials, such as dielectric elastomers, may be utilized to absorb the shocks, bumps, and vibrations from the road or path to generate energy which is captured and stored for use in the vehicle to provide additional power for any number of uses. Other devices and systems. such as household appliances which dissipate vibrational energy, may also incorporate any number of the dielectric elastomer generators.	06-27-2013
20130174855	METHOD AND DEVICES FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF PRESSURE ULCERS - Method and devices for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers are described in which a portable support assembly may be worn by a bed-stricken individual around particular regions of the body where pressure ulcers tend to form. The portable support assembly may generally include one or more individual fluid filled pods which are enclosed entirely within an inner fluid pad localized along a central portion. Both the one or more pods and inner fluid pad are then enclosed entirely by another layer of fluid within an outer fluid pad which extends over the entire assembly. Each of the fluid lavers may be secured to an outer shell which is relatively stiffer than the fluid layers and may restrict or limit the expansion or movement of the fluid pods and/or fluid pads.	07-11-2013
20130174856	METHOD AND DEVICES FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF PRESSURE ULCERS - Method and devices for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers are described in which a portable support assembly may be worn by a bed-stricken individual around particular regions of the body where pressure ulcers tend to form. The portable support assembly may generally include one or more individual fluid filled pods which are enclosed entirely within an inner fluid pad localized along, a central portion. Both the one or more pods and inner fluid pad are then enclosed entirely by another layer of fluid within an outer fluid pad which extends over the entire assembly. Each of the fluid lavers may be secured to an outer shell which is relatively stiffer than the fluid layers and may restrict or limit the expansion or movement of the fluid pods and/or fluid pads.	07-11-2013
20130174859	APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR CONFORMING A SUPPORT TO A BODY - Apparatus and methods for conforming a support to a body are described in which a portable support assembly may be worn by a bed-stricken individual around particular regions of the body where pressure ulcers tend to form. The portable support assembly may generally include adjustable supports which conform the assembly to the patient's body and which also help to distribute one or more fluid pad assemblies relative to the body.	07-11-2013
20130180530	ADJUSTABLE SUPPORT SYSTEM - Apparatus and methods for adjusting a support to a body are described in which a portable support assembly may be worn or used by a bed-stricken or wheel-chair restricted individual around particular regions of the body where pressure ulcers tend to form. The portable support assembly may generally include adjustable supports which conform the assembly to the patient's body and which also help to distribute one or more fluid pad assemblies relative to the body. The support assembly may be incorporated into a design for a wheelchair or a bed.	07-18-2013
20130180531	INDEPENDENTLY ADJUSTABLE SUPPORT SYSTEM - Apparatus and methods for adjusting a support to a body are described in which a portable support assembly may be worn or used by a bed-stricken or wheel-chair restricted individual around particular regions of the body where pressure ulcers tend to form. The portable support assembly may generally include adjustable supports which conform the assembly to the patient's body and which also help to distribute one or more fluid pad assemblies relative to the body. The support assembly may be incorporated into a design for a wheelchair or a bed.	07-18-2013
20130298918	INDEPENDENTLY ADJUSTABLE SUPPORT SYSTEM - Apparatus and methods for adjusting a support to a body are described in which a portable support assembly may be worn or used by a bed-stricken or wheel-chair restricted individual around particular regions of the body where pressure ulcers tend to form. The portable support assembly may generally include adjustable supports which conform the assembly to the patient's body and which also help to distribute one or more fluid pad assemblies relative to the body. The support assembly may be incorporated into a design for a wheelchair or a bed.	11-14-2013
20140249382	MOTION DETECTION SYSTEM - A motion detection system for detecting movement and/or breathing from a subject, e.g., for preventing SIDS, can incorporate a sensor in communication with a fluid-filled chamber while optionally combining audio and/or video monitoring systems. The sensor module may have a housing which can be attached, e.g., to an article of clothing worn by the subject. The sensor may be entirely enclosed within the housing which may also be filled with a vibrationally transmissive medium which transmits movements from the subject such that these signals impinge upon the sensor which captures these signals (or the absence of these signals) for processing and possibly alerting a parent or caretaker.	09-04-2014
20150052685	CONFORMABLE SUPPORT SYSTEM - Conformable support systems for conforming to a body are described in which a support assembly may be provided to support particular regions of the body where pressure ulcers tend to form. The conforming support may generally comprise a central portion, a first side portion attached to the central portion, and a second side portion attached to the central portion opposite to the first side portion. Each of the chambers are in fluid communication with one another such that a pressure applied upon the central chamber reconfigures the support assembly from a flattened configuration to an angled configuration in which fluid or gas within the central portion is urged into the first and/or second portions such that the side portions pivot to a predetermined height and angle relative to the central portion and form a conforming channel sized to support a region of a patient body	02-26-2015

Hangseok Choi, Bedford, NH US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100148730	Cable Voltage Drop Compensation For Battery Chargers - A battery charger may be configured to charge a battery by way of a charging cable. A DC gain of a voltage control loop of the battery charger may be limited to a predetermined value to compensate for voltage drop on the charging cable. For example, a DC gain of an error amplifier on the voltage control loop may be limited to a predetermined value for cable voltage drop compensation. The error amplifier may use a reference signal that is generated as a function of the error signal. The DC gain of the error amplifier may be limited by connecting a resistor to form an RC circuit on an output node of the error amplifier.	06-17-2010
20110038188	Continuous Conduction Mode Power Factor Correction Circuit With Reduced Sensing Requirements - A power supply circuit includes continuous conduction mode power factor correction (PFC). The PFC may be performed by generating a carrier signal voltage at a beginning of a switching cycle of the power supply, generating a sampling voltage indicative of drain current of a drive transistor, and detecting when the carrier signal voltage has decreased to the same level as the sampling voltage at an intersection time. The ON time of the drive transistor may be set to twice the intersection time.	02-17-2011
20120069605	SAMPLED CHARGE CONTROL FOR RESONANT CONVERTER - This document discusses, among other things, apparatus and methods for controlling a converter. In an example, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) can be configured to provide a first pulse train to control the converter. The frequency of the first pulse train of the VCO can be modulated using information indicative of an operating condition of the converter to maintain a desired DC voltage at an output. In an example, the VCO can include a frequency divider configured to provide a second pulse train to the output using information from the first pulse train.	03-22-2012
20120287679	SWITCHING TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE CURRENT OVERSHOOT IN A DC TO DC CONVERTER - A DC/DC converter system includes gate control circuitry, a transformer, a second stage, and soft start control circuitry. The gate control circuitry is configured to generate a first and a second gate control signal configured to open and close first and second switches of an inverter circuitry, respectively, to generate an AC signal from a DC input signal. The transformer transforms the AC signal and the second stage rectifies the AC signal to a DC output signal. The soft start control circuitry generates a signal to delay a closing of the first switch during an initial portion (Td) of a first cycle of the first switch. A method of soft-starting a DC/DC converter includes generating first and second gate control signals and delaying closing of the first switch during Td.	11-15-2012
20130010503	HYBRID CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR SERIES RESONANT CONVERTER - A DC to DC converter system, includes inverter circuitry having a first and a second switch, the inverter circuitry further configured to generate a first and a second gate control signal, the signals configured to open and close the first and second switch, respectively, and generate an AC signal from a DC input signal. The system further includes transformer circuitry configured to transform the AC signal into a sinusoidal AC signal, second stage circuitry configured to rectify the sinusoidal AC signal to a DC output signal, and hybrid control circuitry configured to modulate the first and second gate control signals, wherein the modulation comprises pulse frequency modulation (PFM) and pulse width modulation (PWM).	01-10-2013
20140042994	Soft-Start Control Techniques for a Switched-Mode Power Supply - A power supply system including switched-mode power supply circuitry configured to generate a DC output voltage from a DC input voltage and soft-start feedback circuitry configured to control the switched-mode power supply circuitry to generate a predefined output voltage during a soft-start period of operation. The soft-start feedback circuitry includes a controllable current source configured to generate a reference current and a reference voltage, wherein the reference current is based on a difference between the reference voltage and a feedback voltage proportional to the output voltage, and amplifier circuitry configured to compare the feedback voltage with the reference voltage and generate a control signal to control the operation of the switched-mode power supply during a soft-start period of operation.	02-13-2014

Hang-Seok Choi, Bedford, NH US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120281434	METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING RESONANT POWER CONVERTER - A control circuit of a resonant power converter is disclosed. The control circuit comprises a first transistor and a second transistor for switching a transformer and a resonant tank comprising a capacitor and an inductor. A controller is configured to receive a feedback signal correlated to the output of the power converter for generating a first switching signal and a second switching signal to drive the first transistor and the second transistor, respectively. A diode coupled to the first transistor and the resonant tank for detecting the state of the first transistor and generating a detection signal for the controller. The detection signal indicates if the transistors are in a zero voltage switching (ZVS) state. If the transistors are not in the ZVS state, the switching frequency of the transistors will be increased.	11-08-2012

Han-Mei Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120276696	VERTICAL STRUCTURE NON-VOLATILE MEMORY DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME - A vertical structure non-volatile memory device in which a gate dielectric layer is prevented from protruding toward a substrate; a resistance of a ground selection line (GSL) electrode is reduced so that the non-volatile memory device is highly integrated and has improved reliability, and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The method includes: sequentially forming a polysilicon layer and an insulating layer on a silicon substrate; forming a gate dielectric layer and a channel layer through the polysilicon layer and the insulating layer, the gate dielectric layer and the channel layer extending in a direction perpendicular to the silicon substrate; forming an opening for exposing the silicon substrate, through the insulating layer and the polysilicon layer; removing the polysilicon layer exposed through the opening, by using a halogen-containing reaction gas at a predetermined temperature; and filling a metallic layer in the space formed by removing the polysilicon layer.	11-01-2012

Hyo-Jick Choi, Cincinnati, OH US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120264185	Foam Microreactor for Multi-Phase Shear-Sensitive Reactions - The present invention relates to a method for controlling multi-phase chemical reactions using the architecture of surfactant foams to control mass transport of chemical reactants, catalysts, and products and the kinetics with which they react. More specifically, the invention relates to transformations that require both gaseous and liquid components with dissolved or suspended catalysts that are unstable when sheared.	10-18-2012
20130316427	Foam Microreactor for Multi-Phase Shear-Sensitive Reactions - The present invention relates to a method for controlling multi-phase chemical reactions using the architecture of surfactant foams to control mass transport of chemical reactants, catalysts, and products and the kinetics with which they react. More specifically, the invention relates to transformations that require both gaseous and liquid components with dissolved or suspended catalysts that are unstable when sheared.	11-28-2013

Hyung Jin Choi, Valencia, CA US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130133261	Composite Panel and Method for Strengthening a Door Structure - A composite blast door, when used as an exterior door of a protected structure, can significantly decrease the risk of life threatening hazards to interior occupants. The composite blast door is composed of outer sheets of steel, intermediate sheets of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP), and a filled core of vaporized aluminum. Rubber gaskets may be used as a buffer layer between the FRP and vaporized aluminum core. Fabrication begins with a door skeleton created from steel framing elements, either hollow structural steel members or channels. Afterwards, the rear panels are attached to the door skeleton in inward order: beginning with the outer steel plate, then the FRP sheet and lastly the optional rubber gasket. The door can now be used as a form to receive the vaporized aluminum filling. After filling, the front panels are attached in the reverse order as the rear panels; rubber first, then FRP, then steel.	05-30-2013

Ik Chang Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090207102	LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY MODULE - A liquid crystal display module includes a bottom case; a backlight assembly on the bottom case; a liquid crystal panel on the backlight assembly; a top case covering peripheral portions of the liquid crystal panel; a main supporter having a frame shape and surrounding side portions of the liquid crystal panel; a plurality of guide ribs on an outer side of the main supporter; a driving PCB on the plurality of guide ribs and inclined such that a distance between the driving PCB and the outer side of the main supporter increases along a direction of the bottom case to the top case due to the guide ribs; and a COF film connecting the driving PCB to the liquid crystal panel.	08-20-2009

Jae H. Choi, Westminster, CO US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110278455	NON-DESTRUCTIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY DETECTOIN OF SOLDER VOIDS - Systems and methods can produce thermal images of the mounting of a thermally-enhanced integrated circuit (IC) upon a circuit board. The system includes a thermal imaging camera that is operable to image the thermal dissipation and/or conduction through the heat sink into a mounting pad on the substrate. In testing the thermally-enhanced IC, the substrate or IC is connected to a power source, and the IC is operated such that the IC begins to generate heat. As the heat is conducted or dissipated through the heat sink into the mounting pad, a thermal imaging camera can detect the heat conduction and/or dissipation through the heat sink into the substrate. If there are voids or other types of failures in the mounting of the IC, the thermal imaging camera can detect cooler or colder spots in the image.	11-17-2011

Jae Kyung Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120118478	METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FLEXIBLE FLAT DEVICE - Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a flexible device comprising: forming an adhesive layer on a support substrate; adhering a flexible substrate onto the adhesive layer; forming a device layer on the flexible substrate; and separating the support substrate from the flexible substrate, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a self-assembled monolayer (SAM).	05-17-2012

Jeeyoung Choi, Spartanburg, SC US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100105801	PVA-PAA HYDROGELS - The invention provides fabricated PVA-hydrogels, PVA-hydrogel-containing compositions, and methods of making the same. The invention also provides methods of implanting or administering the PVA-hydrogels, or the PVA-hydrogel-containing compositions to treat a subject in need. Methods of cross-linking pre-solidified or pre-gelled hydrogel particles and making cross-linked PVA-hydrogels, and cross-linked PVA-hydrogel-containing compositions also are disclosed herein.	04-29-2010
20140058009	PVA-PAA Hydrogels - The invention provides fabricated PVA-hydrogels, PVA-hydrogel-containing compositions, and methods of making the same. The invention also provides methods of implanting or administering the PVA-hydrogels, or the PVA-hydrogel-containing compositions to treat a subject in need. Methods of cross-linking pre-solidified or pre-gelled hydrogel particles and making cross-linked PVA-hydrogels, and cross-linked PVA-hydrogel-containing compositions also are disclosed herein.	02-27-2014

Jin Ghoo Choi, Columbus, OH US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110058504	SCHEDULING METHOD, MS APPARATUS USING THE SCHEDULING METHOD, DATA TRANSMISSION METHOD, AND BS APPARATUS USING THE DATA TRANSMISSION METHOD IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - In the MS apparatus for performing scheduling, a reception module receives any number information through a specific downlink channel in a first time unit from each of neighbor BSs. A scheduling module determines, among the neighbor BSs, a BS which is to transmit and receive data using a downlink data transmission region and an uplink data reception region, respectively, in a second time unit according to a previously set rule based on the number information. A transmission module transmits a signal, indicating that data transmission and reception using the downlink transmission region and uplink data reception region, respectively, in the second time unit are not possible, to the other neighbor BSs excluding the determined BS among the neighbor BSs.	03-10-2011

Jin-Woo Choi, Baton Rouge, LA US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120266685	APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR NANOCOMPOSITE SENSORS - A sensing material for use in a sensor is disclosed. Such a sensing material includes a polymer base and a piezoresistive nanocomposite embedded into the polymer base in a continuous pattern. The nanocomposite comprises a polymer matrix and a plurality of conductive nanofillers suspended in the matrix. The conductive nanofillers may be one or a combination of nanotubes, nanowires, particles and flakes. The density of the plurality of nanofillers is such that the nanocomposite exhibits conductivity suitable for electronic and sensor applications.	10-25-2012

John Choi, Henderson, NV US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120297555	TREATING LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS - A process of covalently modifying a lignocellulosic material is provided. The process includes oxidizing a lignocellulosic material having hydroxyl groups with an oxidant to oxidize at least a portion of the hydroxyl groups to carboxylic acid groups, optionally activating the carboxylic acid groups with an activating agent to form activated carboxylic acid groups, and reacting the carboxylic acid groups or the activated carboxylic acid groups with a first nitrogen-containing reagent selected from amino acids, peptides, or protected derivatives thereof to provide a treated lignocellulosic material. The treated lignocellulosic materials thus prepared displays resistance to degradation.	11-29-2012

Joonhyung Choi, Lexington, SC US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120250814	NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLY SUPPORT GRID - A spacer grid for a nuclear fuel assembly that exhibits increased crush strength. Each grid strap at the ligaments that support fuel rods has a spring or dimple to support the fuel rods under anticipated external loads during shipping and handling or in a seismic event. One or more elongated embossed ribs are provided on each of the fuel rod grid strap support ligaments to increase its moment of inertia by forming various shapes on the ligaments of the grid strap. Preferably, the ribs have a streamlined shape to prevent any excessive pressure drop. In this manner, the crush strength of a conventional short grid strap is increased without meaningful additional manufacturing costs or adverse effects to the neutron economy of the grid.	10-04-2012

Joonhyung Choi, Columbia, SC US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120087458	NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLY HOLD DOWN SPRING - A nuclear fuel assembly having a plurality of multi-leaf hold down spring sets extending from a top nozzle. Each spring set consists of a multiple number of springs leafs in order to provide a large working range of spring deflection. Each spring leaf has a straight, flat base section followed by a straight, flat tapered beam with a secondary spring set having a curvature at its peripheral end.	04-12-2012

Jung-Yun Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110089534	Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices Having Conductive Patterns that are Electrically Connected to Junction Regions - A semiconductor integrated circuit device includes a semiconductor substrate; a dummy pattern extending in one direction on the semiconductor substrate; a junction region electrically connecting the dummy pattern to the semiconductor substrate; and a voltage applying unit that is configured to apply a bias voltage to the dummy pattern.	04-21-2011

Keung Y. Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120135203	THIN FLOOR TILES - An article of manufacture which comprises a laminate flooring product, having at least one edge provided with one or more elements making it capable of interlocking with a reciprocally configured flooring product, and having a thickness of less than 4 mm, which product includes a plurality of component layers, a first one of said layers being a design layer, a second one being a backing layer, and a third one being a wear layer, said second and third layers being arranged respectively proximate opposite surfaces of said first layer; and a method of making said article of manufacture.	05-31-2012

Kim Seongeun Choi, Salt Lake City, UT US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100213938	SIMULTANEOUS ACQUISITIONS OF SPIN- AND STIMULATED-ECHO PLANAR IMAGING - The disclosure provides echo planar imaging (EPI) based single-shot imaging techniques for acquiring spin-EPI (SEPI) and stimulated-EPI after a single RF excitation. In certain embodiments, the SEPI and STEPI acquired in a singleshot are used to compute a T	08-26-2010

Kim Seong-Eun Choi, Salt Lake City, UT US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130158384	Systems and Methods for Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Methods and apparatus for operating an MRI system is provided. The disclosure provides a diffusion-prepared driven-equilibrium preparation for an imaging volume and acquiring 3-dimensional k-space data from said prepared volume by a plurality of echoplanar readouts of stimulated echoes. An excitation radio-frequency signal and first and second inversion RF signals are provided to define a field-of-view (FOV).	06-20-2013

Kristin Watnemo Choi, Minnetonka, MN US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100088168	ACCOUNT APPLICATION PRODUCT, ASSOCIATED PACKAGE AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING AN ASSOCIATED APPLICATION - An account application product includes a package, an account identifier and a terms sheet. The package includes a first panel extending from a free edge to a first fold line, a second panel extending away from the first fold line to a second fold line, and a third panel extending away from the second fold line. The first panel is folded back along the first fold line toward a first surface of the second panel to define a storage area between the first panel and the second panel. The third panel is folded forward along the second fold line toward a second surface of the second panel. The account identifier indicates an account associated with the account application product and is configured to be machine readable. The terms sheet is selectively stored in the storage area and includes printed terms for the account. Associated packages and method are also disclosed.	04-08-2010
20130092586	ACCOUNT APPLICATION PRODUCT, ASSOCIATED PACKAGE AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING AN ASSOCIATED APPLICATION - An account application product includes a package, an account identifier and a terms sheet. The package includes a first panel extending from a free edge to a first fold line, a second panel extending away from the first fold line to a second fold line, and a third panel extending away from the second fold line. The first panel is folded back along the first fold line toward a first surface of the second panel to define a storage area between the first panel and the second panel. The third panel is folded forward along the second fold line toward a second surface of the second panel. The account identifier indicates an account associated with the account application product and is configured to be machine readable. The terms sheet is selectively stored in the storage area and includes printed terms for the account. Associated packages and method are also disclosed.	04-18-2013

K. Yeon Choi, St. Paul, MN US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080286786	Methods of preparing nucleic acid for detection - Methods of preparing nucleic acid from polysaccharide-containing samples for detection by providing one or more glycosidases to the sample to degrade polysaccharides are provided. The nucleic acids can further be extracted from the sample. The method is particularly useful for detecting nucleic acid in samples with high starch content.	11-20-2008
20110008905	SYSTEM FOR DETECTING POLYNUCLEOTIDES - The present invention relates to methods for detecting the presence or amount of a target polynucleotide. A polynucleotide, target nucleic acid analog, and dye are combined to form a mixture. The optical property of the dye is observed after the mixture is exposed to a stimulating means. Optionally, after the stimulating means is employed, the mixture is compared to a reference value characteristic of the rate of change in the optical property of the dye in a similar mixture containing a known amount of a target polynucleotide/nucleic acid analog hybrid to determine a relative rate of change in the optical property. The change in a property of the mixture after exposure thereof to a stimulating means or the relative rate of change in the optical property of dye in the mixture is correlated with the presence or amount of the specified target polynucleotide in the sample.	01-13-2011

Kyoung-Shin Choi, West Lafayette, IN US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130092546	FORMATION OF CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS USING NITROSYL ION AS AN OXIDIZING AGENT - A method of forming a conductive polymer deposit on a substrate is disclosed. The method may include the steps of preparing a composition comprising monomers of the conductive polymer and a nitrosyl precursor, contacting the substrate with the composition so as to allow formation of nitrosyl ion on the exterior surface of the substrate, and allowing the monomer to polymerize into the conductive polymer, wherein the polymerization is initiated by the nitrosyl ion and the conductive polymer is deposited on the exterior surface of the substrate. The conductive polymer may be polypyrrole.	04-18-2013

Kyu Hyun Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100200065	Photovoltaic Cell and Fabrication Method Thereof - The present structure and method for fabrication thereof provides a photovoltaic cell structure for converting light energy into electrical energy. According to one embodiment, a pillared photovoltaic cell structure comprises an array of pillars that are situated closely to each other to take advantage of both the wave-like properties and the particle-like properties of light to enhance the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. According to one embodiment, a pillared photovoltaic cell structure incorporating self-aligned P/P+ junctions enable holes generated near the top surface of the cell structure to be captured by the self-aligned P/P+ junctions.	08-12-2010

Kyung-Dal Choi, Madison, WI US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100081199	Generation of mature myelomonocytic cells through expansion and differentiation of pluripotent stem cell-derived lin-CD34+CD43+CD45+progenitors - A method for efficient generation of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, osteoclasts, dendritic cells an Langerhans cells from human embryonic stem cells is disclosed.	04-01-2010
20130058905	Angiohematopoietic Progenitor Cells - A purified human cell population of subsets of angiohematopoietic progenitor cells, wherein the population is at least 94% pure and wherein the cells are selected with cell markers selected from the group of KDR, APLNR, VE-cadherin, PDGFRα, CD31, CD235a, CD73, CD43, and CD41a.	03-07-2013

Kyung-Ju Choi, Louisville, KY US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080245041	FILTER WITH EPTFE AND METHOD OF FORMING - A filter media product and method of making the same wherein the filter media is pleatable and has at least one support scrim comprised of a melt bonded non-woven material or a fuse bonded non-woven material bonded to a layer of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. The filter media may have a single support scrim with one or more layers and optionally may have a support scrim on both an upstream and downstream surface where both or neither support scrim is multilayered. The filter media may have an efficiency greater than, equal to, or less than HEPA.	10-09-2008
20090049811	Pocket Filter Joiner Arrangement and Method of Making - A filter bag, filter assembly, and method of making wherein the filter bag including a pair of longitudinally extending fluid pervious filter panels positioned in spaced opposed relation to form filter bag sides therebetween, the opposed longitudinally extending fluid pervious filter panels being connected together by at least one joiner in strip form arranged to extend longitudinally between the longitudinally extending spaced opposed filter panels and fastened on opposite longitudinal side edges of the joiner to the opposed panels from a downstream end to joiner separation points a selected distance from the upstream end.	02-26-2009
20110062077	Filter with EPTFE and Method of Forming - A filter media product and method of making the same wherein the filter media is pleatable and has at least one support scrim comprised of a melt bonded non-woven material or a fuse bonded non-woven material bonded to a layer of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. The filter media may have a single support scrim with one or more layers and optionally may have a support scrim on both an upstream and downstream surface where both or neither support scrim is multilayered. The filter media may have an efficiency greater than, equal to, or less than HEPA.	03-17-2011
20110232835	Filter with EPTFE and Method of Forming - A filter media product and method of making the same wherein the filter media is pleatable and has at least one support scrim comprised of a melt bonded non-woven material or a fuse bonded non-woven material bonded to a layer of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. The filter media may have a single support scrim with one or more layers and optionally may have a support scrim on both an upstream and downstream surface where both or neither support scrim is multilayered. The filter media may have an efficiency greater than, equal to, or less than HEPA.	09-29-2011
20140367325	Method for Multi-Stage Expansion and Stretching of Film and Filter - This invention relates to a multi-stage stretching operation for production of expanded stretched porous polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) fibrous materials with minimal node size and minimized filament sizes. A plurality of stretching or expansions may be implemented on the film including combinations of MDO and TDO stretches including at least two longitudinal stretches and at least one transverse stretch. Subsequent stretches occur at rates generally less than a prior similar longitudinal or transverse type of expansion.	12-18-2014

Man Yeon Choi, Gainesville, FL US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120148524	Formicidae (Ant) Control Using Double-Stranded RNA Constructs - Disclosed is a dsRNA construct that relates to a method to control Formicidae (ants) via double-stranded RNA interference of the PBAN/Pyrokinin gene.	06-14-2012
20120148525	Lepidopteran Moth Control Using Double-Stranded RNA Constructs - Disclosed is a dsRNA construct that relates to a method to control Lepidopteran moths via double-stranded RNA interference of the PBAN/Pyrokinin gene.	06-14-2012
20130305417	Double-Stranded RNA Constructs to Control Insect Pests - Disclosed is a dsRNA construct that relates to a method to control insect pests of the genus	11-14-2013
20140093474	CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS THROUGH RNAI OF PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE RECEPTOR - Disclosed are dsRNA constructs and methods to control insects via double stranded RNA interference of insect PBAN receptor genes.	04-03-2014

Mark Choi, Minneapolis, MN US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100210954	SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTING ARTIFACTUAL HEMODYNAMIC WAVEFORM DATA - A system and method for cardiovascular analysis includes an implantable medical device capable of generating hemodynamic pressure waveform data based upon sensed pressure. Hemodynamic waveform data is analyzed to identify artifactual data represented in the hemodynamic waveform.	08-19-2010

Mei Chee Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120228968	HANDHELD ELECTRIC MIXER - A handheld electric mixer has a rotational output spindle for holding mixer work pieces, first and second gears located on the rotational output spindle, and a motor. The first gear is rotationally coupled to the motor output shaft. The mixer includes a two-speed gear-box receiving torque from the motor, and transmitting the torque to the output spindle. The two-speed gear-box includes a rotational lay shaft axially parallel to the rotational output spindle, third and fourth gears located on the lay shaft, the third gear meshing with the first gear and the fourth gear meshing with the second gear. A selector mechanism selects between a first gear ratio and a second gear ratio and includes a clutch disk on the spindle, and moveable axially for alternatively engaging and rotatably locking the one of the third or fourth gears that is engaged with the clutch disk.	09-13-2012

Myeong Yeol Choi, Fort Collins, CO US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130059273	LIQUID-GAS INTERFACE PLASMA DEVICE - A method for whitening teeth is disclosed. The method includes supplying a liquid sufficient to at least partially submerge a portion of a tooth; positioning a plasma device adjacent to the submerged portion of the tooth; supplying ionizable media to the plasma device; and igniting the ionizable media at the plasma device sufficient to form a plasma effluent in the presence of the liquid at the distal portion, whereby the plasma effluent reacts with the liquid to form at least one reactive species that interacts selectively with foreign matter disposed on the tooth.	03-07-2013

Patricia Driscoll Choi, Apex, NC US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120042321	DYNAMICALLY ALLOCATING META-DATA REPOSITORY RESOURCES - The apparatus for dynamically allocating resources used in a meta-data repository includes a tracking module to track resources allocated to a meta-data repository, the meta-data repository comprising a repository that stores meta-data related to a computer system. An adjustment evaluation module evaluates repository usage of the resources allocated to the meta-data repository and ascertains whether a resource adjustment is desirable. An adjustment determination module determines desirable adjustments to the resources available to the meta-data repository. An allocation module adjusts resources allocated to the meta-data repository in accordance with the adjustment determination module. Adjusting resources includes changing a number of strings allocated to handle concurrent meta-data repository I/O requests.	02-16-2012

Sang Choi, Lakeland, TN US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120006629	ELEVATOR CAR DOOR INTERLOCK - An apparatus for use with an elevator car is operable to selectively lock an elevator car door. The apparatus verifies that the elevator car door is closed, locks the elevator car door, and verifies that a lock is engaged. Once conditions are met, the apparatus signals an elevator controller that the elevator car can move through a hoistway. The apparatus further ensures that passengers can safely disembark from the elevator car by detecting the position of the elevator car relative to a designated landing zone within the hoistway, and confirming the elevator car is stopped at a landing zone prior to disengaging the lock. The apparatus thus ensures that the elevator car door remains closed while the elevator car is in motion or between landing zones.	01-12-2012

Sangeun Choi, Simsbury, CT US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130317639	AUTOMATIC CHECKING, VALIDATION, AND POST-PROCESSING OF A BATTERY OBJECT - A machine such as an industrial robot operates either in a stand-alone or in-production mode to perform a number of tests on a battery object having one of several different assembly levels and packaging geometries. The machine has selectable testing programs that correspond to various combinations of object assembly levels and geometries. The machine performs the tests either by coming into contact with a predetermined location on the conductive material of the object or viewing that location. The test results are analyzed to determining if retesting is necessary. After all of the tests are completed on an object, the tested object is assigned a grade and then sorted by grade. The tested objects may be kept at the machine location or sent on for further processing based on the assigned grade. After the testing is completed on one object, the machine tests the next object to be tested.	11-28-2013
20140121828	ULTRA-FLEXIBLE PRODUCTION MANUFACTURING - A manufacturing system has one or more work cells that each performs one or more manufacturing processes. The system also has one or more mobile transport units (“MTUs”) that deliver transportable containers containing workpieces to and from said work cells. The MTUs deliver the containers to the work cells in a manner such that the workpieces are localized in the work cells. The manufacturing system also has a computer system that has status information for each of the one or more MTUs and uses the status information to control each of the one or more MTUs to deliver the transportable containers to and from the one or more work cells.	05-01-2014
20140156073	TELEOPERATED INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS - A teleoperated robot system has a watchdog to determine if the rate of data transmission from a computing device such as a robot controller located in the station used by the operator of the teleoperated robot to the remotely located industrial robot has fallen below a minimum data rate or the time for transmission of data has exceeded a maximum time. Upon the occurrence of either or both of the foregoing, one or more types of corrective action are undertaken to bring the teleoperated robot and the processes performed by the robot.	06-05-2014

Seokheun Choi, Phoenix, AZ US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110300455	Micro-Sized Microbial Fuel Cell - A microbial fuel cell includes an anode portion having an anode and a cathode portion having a cathode. The anode is configured to support an electrically conductive biofilm matrix. A cation exchange membrane is positioned between the anode and the cathode. The anode portion and the cation exchange membrane define an anode chamber having a volume of between about 1 μL and about 100 μL and configured to receive an anolyte. The cathode portion and the cation exchange membrane define a cathode chamber having a volume of between about 1 μL and about 100 μL and configured to receive a catholyte. The microbial fuel cell is configured to achieve a Coulombic efficiency of at least 30% and/or a power density of at least of 4.7 μW/cm	12-08-2011

Seung-Woo Choi, Greer, SC US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120096933	SENSOR WITH G-LOAD ABSORBING SHOULDER - A sensor is provided and includes a body disposed at a point of measurement interest on a rotor at a radial distance from a centerline thereof and having a substantially cylindrical shape and first and second opposing ends and a sensing end coupled to one of the first and second opposing ends, the other of the first and second opposing ends being coupled to a communication system, the sensing end including a sensing device configured to generate a signal reflective of a detected condition at the point of measurement interest, and at least one of the first and the second opposing ends being formed to define a shoulder portion for absorbing gravitational loading.	04-26-2012
20120096934	COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR TURBINE ENGINE - A communication system is provided and includes a sensor to measure a condition at a point of measurement interest defined on a rotor of a turbine at a radial distance from a centerline about which the rotor is rotatable, wiring disposed on the rotor at a radial distance from the centerline, the wiring including a first wiring section coupled to the sensor, a second wiring section and a first connection by which the first and second wiring sections are connectable, a second connection by which the second wiring section transmits a signal reflective of the detected condition to a non-rotating recording element and a temperature compensation module disposed on the second wiring section to adjust the signal.	04-26-2012
20120096946	SENSOR PACKAGING FOR TURBINE ENGINE - A turbine is provided and includes a rotor, which is rotatable about a centerline thereof, a sensor to measure a condition at a point of measurement interest defined on the rotor at a radial distance from the centerline, a communication system by which condition measurements are transmittable from the sensor to a non-rotating recording system and a probe holder to secure the sensor and a portion of the communication system on the rotor proximate to the point of measurement interest.	04-26-2012
20120096961	PROBE HOLDER FOR TURBINE ENGINE SENSOR - A turbine is provided and includes a component having a body, which is rotatable about a rotor centerline and which is formed to define a cavity radially proximate to a point of measurement interest defined at a radial distance from the centerline, a sensor to measure a condition at the point of measurement interest, a communication system by which condition measurements are transmittable from the sensor to a non-rotating recording system and a probe holder insertible into the cavity to secure the sensor proximate to the point of measurement interest.	04-26-2012
20120134782	PURGE SYSTEMS FOR ROTARY MACHINES AND METHODS OF ASSEMBLING SAME - A method for assembling a rotary machine includes providing a first rotatable element. The method also includes coupling a second rotatable element to the first rotatable element. The first rotatable element and the second rotatable element at least partially define a cavity therein and at least one conduit extending substantially axially therebetween. Further, the method includes coupling a purge device including at least one radial channel defined therein and extending to the first rotatable element and to the second rotatable element such that the at least one radial channel is coupled in flow communication with the cavity and with the at least one axial conduit.	05-31-2012
20140034513	ELECTROCHEMICAL MACHINING TOOLS AND METHODS - An electrochemical machining tool and method capable of rounding sharp edges that may be prone to cracking, for example, edge regions of cooling slots within dovetail slots of turbine wheels. The electrochemical machining tool includes an electrode and is secured to the component. The electrode of the electrochemical machining tool is inserted into a first slot, an electrolyte solution is applied between the electrode of the electrochemical machining tool and a second slot that intersects the first slot, an electrical potential is applied to the electrode and the turbine wheel to create a potential gradient between the electrode and the edge of the second slot, and material is removed from the edge of the second slot by displacing the electrode about and along the edge.	02-06-2014

Seung-Woo Choi, Greenville, SC US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120321441	VENTILATED COMPRESSOR ROTOR FOR A TURBINE ENGINE AND A TURBINE ENGINE INCORPORATING SAME - A turbine engine includes a plurality of compressor rotors that include ventilation slots to vent the spaces between adjacent compressor rotors. Each compressor rotor is formed from a flat disk of material having first and second circular faces. A circular ridge of material protrudes outward from the one of the circular faces of the disc adjacent an outer edge of the disc. The ventilation slots are formed in the circular ridge of material. Each ventilation slot is a depression in the circular ridge of material, the depression having a longitudinal axis that extends substantially in a radial direction of the disc.	12-20-2012
20130259685	APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PURGING A GAS TURBINE ROTOR - A rotor wheel for a gas turbine rotor has a first side having a plurality of curved paddles separated by a plurality of curved slots and a second side having a plurality of radial paddles separated by a plurality of radial slots. A method of purging a rotor of a gas turbine includes providing a flow of compressed air between adjacent rotor wheels of the rotor in a radially downward direction on a first side of each wheel and in a radially upward direction on a second side of each wheel; passing the flow through a curved slots on the first side of each rotor wheel; and passing the flow through radial slots on the second side of each rotor wheel.	10-03-2013

Soo Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130235461	DIFFUSER-INTEGRATED PRISM SHEET FOR BACKLIGHT UNITS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME - A diffuser-integrated prism sheet is provided, in which diffuser layers are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the prism sheet and prism-shaped protrusions are formed in the prism sheet. The prism sheet for backlight units includes a lower diffuser layer having a light diffusion structure, a lower layer formed on the lower diffuser layer, a first intermediate layer formed on the lower layer and having prism-shaped protrusions formed parallel to each other, a second intermediate layer formed on the first intermediate layer, an upper layer formed on the second intermediate layer, and an upper diffuser layer formed on the upper layer and having a light diffusion structure, wherein an air layer is formed between the lower surface of the second intermediate layer and the valleys of the prism-shaped protrusions of the first intermediate layer.	09-12-2013

Soobong Choi, Boulder, CO US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120126122	HIGH REPETITION RATE PHOTOCONDUCTIVE TERAHERTZ EMITTER USING A RADIO FREQUENCY BIAS - A terahertz generation system that emits pulsed THz radiation and incorporates a rapidly oscillating, high voltage bias across electrodes insulated from a photoconductive material. The system includes an ultrafast optical pulse source configured to generate an optical pulse having a duration between about ten picoseconds and ten femtoseconds, the pulse further having a repetition rate of about one megahertz or higher. The system further includes a photoconductor configured to receive the optical pulse from the ultrafast optical pulse source and to generate a terahertz frequency pulse, the photoconductor having insulated electrodes. The system still further includes a radio frequency generator configured to apply an electric field to the photoconductor via the insulated electrodes.	05-24-2012

Sung Duk Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110268076	METHOD FOR RECEIVING ACK/NACK SIGNAL IN MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Methods for receiving ACK/NACK signals in a mobile communication system are disclosed. One of the methods including receiving reference signal information and a resource block index corresponding to resource block allocated for transmission of data; identifying ACK/NACK resource information through the reference signal information and the resource block index; and receiving an ACK/NACK signal of the data using the ACK/NACK resource information.	11-03-2011

Sung-Guy Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110032271	IMAGE DISPLAY AND STORAGE APPARATUS, METHOD AND MEDIUM - An image display and storage device, method, and medium to process an original image and generate a main image so that the original image does not overlap a sub image, and store the original image instead of the main image when the main image and the sub image are displayed. The device includes an image processor to receive an image, and to generate a display image and a storage image using the received image, a display unit to receive the display image from the image processor, and to display the display image, and an image storing unit to receive the storage image from the image processor and to store the image.	02-10-2011
20120001941	Image display and storage apparatus, method and medium - An image display and storage device, method, and medium to process an original image and generate a main image so that the original image does not overlap a sub image, and store the original image instead of the main image when the main image and the sub image are displayed. The device includes an image processor to receive an image, and to generate a display image and a storage image using the received image, a display unit to receive the display image from the image processor, and to display the display image, and an image storing unit to receive the storage image from the image processor and to store the image.	01-05-2012

Sungmee Choi, Cheshire, CT US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080274208	Water treatment containing DBNPA for use in sanitizing recreational water - The present invention is directed to a composition for reducing the levels of microorganisms in recreational water systems, comprising: (1) a biocidal effective amount of dibromonitrilopropionamide (DBNPA); (2) optionally, a biocidal effective amount of an algaecide selected from the group consisting of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), zinc, and copper; and (3) optionally, a compound capable of in situ activation to form an oxidizing agent; wherein the composition is effective for reducing the levels of microorganisms in recreational water systems. The present invention is also directed to a method of controlling the growth of microorganisms in recreational water systems, comprising the step of providing the above composition; and adding the composition to a recreational water system.	11-06-2008
20120207861	BIOCIDAL COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR TREATING RECIRCULATING WATER SYSTEMS - The present invention is directed to a composition for treating recirculating water systems, comprising: (1) a biocidal effective amount of a first nonoxidizing biocide comprising biguanide; and (2) a biocidal effective amount of a second nonoxidizing biocide comprising dibromonitrilopropionamide (DBNPA); wherein the composition is substantially free from oxidants. The present invention is also directed to a method of controlling the growth of microorganisms in recirculating water systems, comprising the step of treating the recirculating water systems with the above composition.	08-16-2012

Sunho Choi, Minneapolis, MN US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110009256	NOVEL MICROPOROUS SILICATE MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR MAKING AND USING THE SAME - With an amino acid as a buffer, a method is disclosed for producing a proton-exchanged three-dimensional layered silicate material. Additional embodiments include a method for producing a swollen proton-exchanged three-dimensional layered silicate material. This new material is a result of reactive swelling which accompanies one or more major changes of the layer structure. The materials can be further processed such as with exfoliation. The materials may be combined with polymers to produce film membranes such as thin film porous membranes. The membranes are useful in separating gases and as absorbents.	01-13-2011

Thomas Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080301809	SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTNG MALICIOUS MAIL FROM SPAM ZOMBIES - In recent years, the use of spam zombies has become a preferred method of sending spam. In fact, it is estimated that over 90% of all spam comes from spam zombies. Although existing spam zombie detection mechanisms such as the Spamhaus XBL blacklist exist, these techniques are limited in that they cannot block spam from newly created spam zombies. The present invention relates to a system and method for detecting malicious e-mails from spam zombies, the system comprising a processor operable to process a server identification value of a sending source by separating the value into one or more domain level terms to allow each unique term to be tokenized with an index value and to apply the one or more tokenized values as a learning feature in a learning algorithm trained to identify spam zombies.	12-04-2008

Vivian W. Choi, Carrboro, NC US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090104155	TREATMENT OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS - The present invention relates to methods of delivering nucleic acids to connective tissue cells and to methods of treating connective tissue disorders; in particular, the invention provides methods of delivering nucleic acids to connective tissue cells and methods of treating connective tissue disorders using parvovirus vectors.	04-23-2009

Wen-Yee Choi, Durham, NC US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110009466	METHODS OF INCREASING GENE EXPRESSION THROUGH RNA PROTECTION - This invention relates to the use of one or more RNA target protectors to inhibit the binding of an RNA, e.g., small RNA, to a target RNA (e.g., a target mRNA), thus increasing the stability of the target RNA and its function (e.g., increasing the gene expression of the gene corresponding to a target mRNA). An RNA target protector may be, for example, an oligonucleotide, e.g., a morpholino, or a small molecule. The invention further relates to the treatment of a human patient in need thereof with one or more RNA target protectors.	01-13-2011

Wonbong Choi, Miami, FL US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080296558	Method of Synthesizing Y-Junction Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Products Formed Thereby - A method has been developed of synthesizing Y-SWNTs with controlled density, position, and growth direction. The process includes patterning a substrate with a solvent solution of catalyst metal ions, dopant metal ions and metal oxide ions, having in a molar ratio of catalyst to dopant in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 moles of catalyst metal per mole of dopant metal, prior to heating to 600-1200° C. with a flow of hydrocarbon gas. A Y-SWNT can be used as a building component of nanoscale two- and three-terminal electronic devices, such as interconnects, diodes, and transistors. This development has a profound impact on nanoscale semiconductor industry, since it is certain that the market share of nanoscale devices using Y-SWNTs will be increased to a great extent.	12-04-2008
20100101956	NANOSCALE DNA DETECTION SYSTEM USING SPECIES-SPECIFIC AND/OR DISEASE- SPECIFIC PROBES FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION - A method and system for detecting a DNA strand using carbon nanotubes or nanowires. A specific single strand of template DNA serves as a probe for its complementary strand in a solution containing DNA segments to be tested. The single-stranded sequence-specific DNA probe segment, whose ends are modified with amine, is attached between two carbon nanotubes/nanowires. When complementary strands representing DNA segments under test are brought near the probe strands, a dielectrophoresis (DEP) field may enhance the probability of selective hybridization between the complimentary target DNA and probe DNA. A change in electrical conductance in the probe strand occurs upon hybridization of the complementary target DNA with the single probe strand. This conductance change may be measured using the two carbon nanotubes or nano-dimensional electrodes. By exploiting nano-dimensional electrodes and single strand probe DNA, the proposed system is capable of accurately detecting a single molecule of DNA.	04-29-2010

Won-Chang Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120171563	ELECTROLYTE FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY INCLUDING THE SAME - An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, which includes a lithium salt, a nonaqueous organic solvent and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of vitamin G (vitamin B	07-05-2012

Woong-Il Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120163467	METHOD, MEDIUM, AND SYSTEM ENCODING AND/OR DECODING MOVING PICTURES BY ADAPTIVELY APPLYING OPTIMAL PREDICATION MODES - A method, medium, and system encoding and/or decoding a moving picture. The moving picture encoding method may include selecting a prediction mode that is optimal for the macro blocks, which correspond to each other, of the color components of a current image based on the characteristics of a predetermined image, generating a predicted image for the current image according to the selected prediction mode, and encoding a moving picture using the predicted image. An optimal prediction mode can be adaptively applied to the macro blocks, which correspond to each other, of the color components, thereby increasing the moving picture's encoding and decoding efficiencies.	06-28-2012

Woo Seok Choi, Oak Ridge, TN US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130213263	Band Gap Tuning in Transition Metal Oxides by Site-Specific Substitution - A transition metal oxide insulator composition having a tuned band gap includes a transition metal oxide having a perovskite or a perovskite-like crystalline structure. The transition metal oxide includes at least one first element selected from the group of Bi, Ca, Ba, Sr, Li, Na, Mg, K, Pb, and Pr; and at least one second element selected from the group of Ti, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, and Pt. At least one correlated insulator is integrated into the crystalline structure, including REMO	08-22-2013

Woosung Choi, Pleasanton, CA US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130161716	SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE WITH SELECTIVELY LOCATED AIR GAPS AND METHOD OF FABRICATION - A non-volatile semiconductor memory device comprises a semiconductor substrate and a plurality of gate structures formed on a cell region of the semiconductor substrate. The plurality of gate structures include a first select-gate and a second select-gate disposed on the cell region, the first select-gate and the second select-gate spaced apart from each other. A plurality of cell gate structures are disposed between the first select-gate and the second select-gate. The first select-gate and an adjacent cell gate structure have no air gap defined therebetween. At least a pair of adjacent cell gate structures have an air gap defined therebetween.	06-27-2013
20130170302	SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY DEVICE AND METHOD OF FABRICATION AND OPERATION - A non-volatile semiconductor memory device comprises a semiconductor substrate and a plurality of gate structures formed on a cell region of the semiconductor substrate. The plurality of gate structures include: a first select-gate structure and a second select-gate structure disposed on the cell region, the first select-gate structure and the second select-gate structure spaced apart from each other, and a plurality of cell gate structures disposed between the first select-gate structure and the second select-gate structure. At least one of the select-gate structures comprises plural select gates.	07-04-2013

Yong Seouk Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110107170	METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RETRANSMISSION - Provided is a method in which a terminal conducts an operation for retransmission using a frame divided into downlink subframes and uplink subframes, the method including: receiving a data burst transmitted from a base station; determining a feedback frame offset based on the relationship between a range determined based on division information of the frame and a downlink subframe index in which the data burst has been transmitted; determining indices of a frame and uplink subframe for transmitting a feedback signal based on the frame offset; transmitting the feedback signal to the base station in the determined indices of the frame and uplink subframe; and if an NACK message is included in the feedback signal, receiving the data burst retransmitted from the base station.	05-05-2011
20110143759	METHOD OF PERFORMING HANDOVER IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A method in which a terminal performs handover is provided. The method includes: receiving a broadcast message including system information from at least one femto base station; detecting at least one candidate femto base station using the broadcast message; transmitting a handover request message including information of the at least one candidate femto base station based on the system information to the macro base station; receiving a handover response message to the handover request message from the macro base station; and performing handover to a target femto base station of the at least one candidate femto base station based on information that is included in the handover response message.	06-16-2011

Yoonseo Choi US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130185702	RUN-TIME BOTTLENECK DETECTION - A method of detecting a bottleneck in a data flow program includes executing the data flow program, wherein the data flow program comprises a kernel, determining a percentage of time the kernel spends on a computation, and determining the kernel to be a bottleneck upon comparing the percentage of time the kernel spends on the computation to a condition.	07-18-2013

Yoon Seok Choi, Greenville, SC US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110320181	TURBOMACHINE AIRFOIL LIFE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD - A system for creating a risk analysis for at least one turbomachine includes a database storing characteristics of one or more turbomachines and a processing module coupled to the database that receives the characteristics from the database and creates the risk analysis. The processing module includes a modeling module creates a representation of the amount of rocking in a particular turbomachine based on the characteristics and a performance modeler coupled to the modeling module and that, based on the representation of the amount of rocking, creates the risk analysis.	12-29-2011

You-Chul Choi, Foster City, CA US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130171102	HETEROCYCLIC FLAVIVIRIDAE VIRUS INHIBITORS - The invention is related to anti-viral compounds of formula (A) as defined in the claims, compositions containing such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds, as well to processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.	07-04-2013

Young A Choi, Shaker Heights, OH US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110135656	METHOD OF TREATING CANCER - A method for inducing apoptosis of a neoplastic cell expressing C3aR or C5aR includes administering at least one complement antagonist to the cell so that the at least one complement antagonist substantially reduces or inhibits the activity of protein kinase B in the neoplastic cell.	06-09-2011

Young C. Choi, Miami, FL US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080296558	Method of Synthesizing Y-Junction Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Products Formed Thereby - A method has been developed of synthesizing Y-SWNTs with controlled density, position, and growth direction. The process includes patterning a substrate with a solvent solution of catalyst metal ions, dopant metal ions and metal oxide ions, having in a molar ratio of catalyst to dopant in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 moles of catalyst metal per mole of dopant metal, prior to heating to 600-1200° C. with a flow of hydrocarbon gas. A Y-SWNT can be used as a building component of nanoscale two- and three-terminal electronic devices, such as interconnects, diodes, and transistors. This development has a profound impact on nanoscale semiconductor industry, since it is certain that the market share of nanoscale devices using Y-SWNTs will be increased to a great extent.	12-04-2008

Young Chul Choi, Tampa, FL US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110132840	System and Method for using Carbon Dioxide Sequestered from Seawater in the Remineralization of Process Water - Disclosed is an improved method for remineralizing desalinated water. The desalination system includes, but is not limited to, a conventional reverse osmosis membrane system, forward osmosis membrane system, electro dialysis system, Multi Stage Flash (MSF) system, and Multi Effect Distillation (MED) system.	06-09-2011

Younggi Choi, Brookfield, CT US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110275800	2-SULFONYLAMINO-4-HETEROARYL BUTYRAMIDE ANTAGONISTS OF CCR10 - This invention relates to a compound of formula (I) and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein R	11-10-2011

Young-Suk Choi, Los Gatos, CA US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130064971	METHOD FOR MAKING A CURRENT-PERPENDICULAR-TO-THE-PLANE (CPP) MAGNETORESISTIVE (MR) SENSOR WITH AN ANTIPARALLEL FREE (APF) STRUCTURE FORMED OF AN ALLOY REQUIRING POST-DEPOSITION HIGH TEMPERATURE ANNEALING - A method for making a current-perpendicular-to-the plane magnetoresistive (CPP-MR) sensor with an antiparallel-free APF structure having the first free layer (FL1) formed of an alloy, like a Heusler alloy, that requires high-temperature or extended-time post-deposition annealing includes the step of annealing the Heusler alloy material before deposition of the antiparallel coupling layer (APC) of the APF structure. In a modification to the method, a protection layer, for example, a layer of Ru, Ta, Ti, Al, CoFe, CoFeB or NiFe, may deposited on the layer of Heusler alloy material prior to annealing, and then etched away to expose the underlying Heusler alloy layer as FL1.	03-14-2013
20130236639	METHOD FOR MAKING A CURRENT-PERPENDICULAR-TO-THE-PLANE (CPP) MAGNETORESISTIVE SENSOR CONTAINING A FERROMAGNETIC ALLOY REQUIRING POST-DEPOSITION ANNEALING - A method for making a current-perpendicular-to the-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP-GMR) sensor with a Heusler alloy pinned layer on the sensor's Mn-containing antiferromagnetic pinning layer uses two annealing steps. A layer of a crystalline non-Heusler alloy ferromagnetic material, like Co or CoFe, is deposited on the antiferromagnetic pinning layer and a layer of an amorphous X-containing ferromagnetic alloy, like a CoFeBTa layer, is deposited on the Co or CoFe crystalline layer. After a first in-situ annealing of the amorphous X-containing ferromagnetic alloy, the Heusler alloy pinned layer is deposited on the amorphous X-containing ferromagnetic layer and a second high-temperature annealing step is performed to improve the microstructure of the Heusler alloy pinned layer.	09-12-2013
20130236744	CURRENT-PERPENDICULAR-TO-THE-PLANE (CPP) MAGNETORESISTIVE SENSOR WITH MULTILAYER REFERENCE LAYER INCLUDING A HEUSLER ALLOY - A current-perpendicular-to-the-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP-GMR) sensor has a multilayer reference layer containing a Heusler alloy. The multilayer reference layer may be a simple pinned layer or the AP2 layer of an antiparallel (AP)-pinned structure. The multilayer reference layer is formed of a crystalline non-Heusler alloy ferromagnetic layer on either an antiferromagnetic layer (in a simple pinned structure) or an antiparallel coupling (APC) layer (in an AP-pinned structure), a Heusler alloy layer adjacent the sensor's nonmagnetic electrically conducting spacer layer, and an intermediate substantially non-crystalline X-containing layer between the crystalline non-Heusler alloy layer and the Heusler alloy layer. The element X is selected from one or more of tantalum (Ta), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb) and boron (B).	09-12-2013

Yung Ju Choi, Las Vegas, NV US

Patent application number	Description	Published
20130161904	50 STATE ROULETTE - A 50 state roulette game provides unique U.S. State related wagering opportunities while also enticing players with increased payouts. The 50 state roulette game may present the 50 U.S. States to players to allow related wagers to be placed. A corresponding roulette wheel may having roulette ball landing areas identifying U.S. States may also be provided. Winning and losing wagers may be determined based on an association between the U.S. State(s) on which a wager was placed and the U.S. State or other identifier on the landing area within which the roulette ball comes to rest.	06-27-2013