Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090023156 | Methods and reagents for quantifying analytes - The present invention relates to methods and reagents for quantifying analytes. More specifically, the present invention related to methods and reagents for measuring one or more analytes present in a sample. | 01-22-2009 |
20090023225 | Methods and devices for analyte detection - Methods for detecting one or more analytes, such as a protein, in a fluid path are provided. The methods include resolving, immobilizing and detecting one or more analytes in a fluid path, such as a capillary. Also included are devices and kits for performing such assays. | 01-22-2009 |
20110132761 | METHODS AND DEVICES FOR ANALYTE DETECTION - Methods for detecting one or more analytes, such as a protein, in a fluid path are provided. The methods include resolving, immobilizing and detecting one or more analytes in a fluid path, such as a capillary. Also included are devices and kits for performing such assays. | 06-09-2011 |
20120322666 | ISOLATION OF POLYMERASE-NUCLEIC ACID COMPLEXES - Compositions, methods and systems are provided for the isolation of polymerase-nucleic acid complexes. Complexes can be separated from free enzyme by using hook molecules to target single stranded regions on the nucleic acid. Active complexes can be isolated from mixtures having both active and inactive complexes by initiating nucleic acid synthesis so as to open up a portion of a double stranded region rendering that region single stranded. Hook molecules are targeted to bind the sequences that are thus exposed. The hook molecules bound to active polymerase-nucleic acid complex are isolated, and the active polymerase-nucleic acid complexes released. | 12-20-2012 |
20120322692 | LOADING MOLECULES ONTO SUBSTRATES - Disclosed are compositions, devices, and methods for loading molecules of interest onto a substrate by contacting beads having molecules of interest attached to them with the substrate, for example by providing a field that brings the beads into proximity or contact with the substrate and moves the beads with respect to the substrate. Such molecules of interest can be deposited onto substrates for single-molecule analysis. | 12-20-2012 |
20140106372 | METHODS AND DEVICES FOR ANALYTE DETECTION - Methods for detecting one or more analytes, such as a protein, in a fluid path are provided. The methods include resolving, immobilizing and detecting one or more analytes in a fluid path, such as a capillary. Also included are devices and kits for performing such assays. | 04-17-2014 |
20140155276 | ISOLATION OF POLYMERASE-NUCLEIC ACID COMPLEXES - Compositions, methods and systems are provided for the isolation of polymerase-nucleic acid complexes. Complexes can be separated from free enzyme by using hook molecules to target single stranded regions on the nucleic acid. Hook oligonucleotides are used to capture polymerase nucleic acid complexes where the nucleic acids comprise circular nucleic acids having a double stranded central region with hairpin regions on each end. Methods for loading such complexes onto substrates and for single molecule sequencing of such complexes are also provided. | 06-05-2014 |
20140193315 | APPARATUS FOR LOADING MOLECULES ONTO SUBSTRATES - Disclosed are compositions, devices, and methods for loading molecules of interest onto a substrate by contacting beads having molecules of interest attached to them with the substrate, for example by providing a field that brings the beads into proximity or contact with the substrate and moves the beads with respect to the substrate. Such molecules of interest can be deposited onto substrates for single-molecule analysis. | 07-10-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080212677 | Efficient Video Block Mode Changes in Second Pass Video Coding - This disclosure describes techniques for second pass video coding in a multi-pass video coding scenario. The coding modes for some video blocks encoded during a second pass may be changed relative to the coding modes used for such video blocks in the first pass. However, motion information does not change for those video blocks that have the changed modes. In particular, mode changes can be made in the second coding pass relative to the modes used in the first coding pass without changing the manner in which motion information will be derived at the decoder, e.g., due to similarities between the original modes of the first pass and changed modes used in the second pass. The second pass coding techniques may also include quantization parameter adjustments, and the mode changes can cause such quantization parameter adjustments to have more profound refinements effects on the second pass coding. | 09-04-2008 |
20080260042 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR QUALITY CONTROLLED ENCODING - This disclosure describes techniques for controlling a perceived quality of multimedia sequences to try to achieve a desired constant perceptual quality regardless of the content of the sequences. In particular, an encoding device may implement quality control techniques to associate a sequence segment with a content “class” based on the content of the segment, determine a perceptual quality metric of the sequence segment, and adjust at least one encoding parameter used to encode the segment is encoded such that for the perceptual quality of the sequence segment converges to the desired quality. | 10-23-2008 |
20090109341 | DETECTING SCENE TRANSITIONS IN DIGITAL VIDEO SEQUENCES - This disclosure describes techniques for detecting scene transitions in a digital video sequence. An encoding device may, for example, analyze a distribution of pixel values over a plurality of frames to detect locations at which the scene transitions occur. In particular, the encoding device analyzes the distribution of pixel locations having values in a mid-range of possible pixel values to identify locations in the plurality of frames that experience a significant short-term increase in the number of pixel locations having mid-range pixel values. A significant short-term increase in the number of pixel locations with pixel values in the mid-range of possible pixel values is indicative of a soft transition. In this manner, occurrences of gradual scene transitions are detected by identifying locations within the plurality of frames that have significant short-term increases in the number of pixel locations having mid-range pixel values. | 04-30-2009 |
20100020886 | SCALABILITY TECHNIQUES BASED ON CONTENT INFORMATION - Apparatus and methods of using content information for encoding multimedia data are described. A method of processing multimedia data includes classifying content of multimedia data, and encoding the multimedia data in a first data group and in a second data group based on the content classification. The first and second groups are associated with quality levels. A user can request a target quality level. | 01-28-2010 |
20110299587 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR RESIZING MULTIMEDIA CONTENT BASED ON QUALITY AND RATE INFORMATION - In general, this disclosure describes techniques for exchanging information between a plurality of encoder modules and a multiplex module to combine segments of data from the encoder modules with an improved overall quality. In particular, the encoder modules associate their respective segments of data with quality and rate information and send at least the quality and rate information associated with the segments of data to the multiplex module. The multiplex module analyzes the quality and rate information to determine whether the segments of data that encoder modules desire to include in the current superframe fit within the available bandwidth of a transmission channel. If the multiplex module determines the plurality of segments of data do not fit within the available bandwidth, the multiplex module selects one or more of the segments to be resized based on the quality and rate information received from the encoder modules. | 12-08-2011 |
20120294360 | CHANNEL SWITCH FRAME - Methods and apparatus to process multimedia data enabling faster channel acquisitions, improved error recovery and improved efficiency. An encoder device encodes a first portion of multimedia data using inter-coding to generate a first version, and encodes the first portion of multimedia data using intra-coding to generate a second version. A decoder device receives a first version of a first portion of multimedia data, wherein the first version is inter-coded, receives a second version of the first portion of multimedia data, wherein the second version is intra-coded, and selectively decodes the first and second received versions. | 11-22-2012 |
20140177703 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR QUALITY CONTROLLED ENCODING - This disclosure describes techniques for controlling a perceived quality of multimedia sequences to try to achieve a desired constant perceptual quality regardless of the content of the sequences. In particular, an encoding device may implement quality control techniques to associate a sequence segment with a content “class” based on the content of the segment, determine a perceptual quality metric of the sequence segment, and adjust at least one encoding parameter used to encode the segment is encoded such that for the perceptual quality of the sequence segment converges to the desired quality. | 06-26-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110138018 | MOBILE MEDIA SERVER - Mobile media server (MMS) includes MMS hosts and an MMS clients utilized for ubiquitous sharing of media content. An MMS host, which may be deployed on a mobile terminal such as a cellular telephone, can establish a logical link with an MMS client over an IP interface and initiate a streaming session with the MMS client. The MMS host may further retrieve media content from any source, such as a network source, locally stored content, or a camera and/or microphone on the MMS host, and serve the media content to the MMS client over the logical link. | 06-09-2011 |
20110164176 | TRANSPORT LAYER MODIFICATION TO ENABLE TRANSMISSION GAPS - White space devices are operable to communicate information over white space and, more specifically, to quiet a transmitter to enable sensing signals in the white space. A method for inconspicuous quieting of a transmitter in a white space communication device modifies a transport stream for transmission by the transmitter of the white space device to provide a null window of time. The null window does not contain essential information. At least a portion of the modified transport stream is transmitted by the transmitter of the white space device. The transmitter is quieted during the null window, and white space sensing is performed during the null window. | 07-07-2011 |
20110164177 | APPLICATION LAYER MODIFICATION TO ENABLE TRANSMISSION GAPS - Television white space devices are operable to communicate information over television white space and, more specifically, to quiet a transmitter for sensing signals in the television white space. A method for inconspicuous quieting of the transmitter in a television white space device inserts, from an application layer, information into a transport stream for transmission by the transmitter of the television white space device to produce a null window of time within the transport stream at a predetermined time. The method also transmits the transport stream by the transmitter of the television white space device and quiets the transmitter during the null window of time. The method senses, by a white space sensor of the television white space device, existing signals in the white space during the null window of time. | 07-07-2011 |
20120084652 | 3D VIDEO CONTROL SYSTEM TO ADJUST 3D VIDEO RENDERING BASED ON USER PREFERNCES - 3D image data can be modified based on user preference data received from a user. The user preference data may be received at a first device and used to adjust 3D image data generated by the first device for presentation by a display device, or the first device may receive the user preference data and transmit it to a display device such that the display device may adjust the 3D image data based on the user preference data. The 3D image data may be adjusted based on user preference data to support presentation of 3D imagery on the display device in a manner desired by a user. 3D user viewing preferences may include an amount of pop-out effect in images, a stereo baseline of images, a depth range of images, a spatial distribution of images, a degree of depth sharpness in images, or specification of a user's dominant eye. | 04-05-2012 |
20120311072 | MULTIPATH MANAGEMENT ARCHITECTURE AND PROTOCOLS FOR MOBILE MULTIMEDIA SERVICE WITH MULTIPLE DESCRIPTION CODING - A wireless communication method includes an aggregator requesting a first description substream of a multimedia service from a source over a first path, receiving confirmation that the source is available, and receiving a first substream of the service. The method includes determining if a quality of the first substream is satisfactory, and requesting to receive the multimedia service over at least one additional path from the same source. A wireless method of communication by a source device includes receiving a multimedia service request from an end device aggregator over a first path, sending an confirmation that the source is available and sending a first substream over the first path in response to the request. The method includes receiving a request to send the multimedia service over at least one additional path to the end device aggregator from the same source. | 12-06-2012 |
20120314948 | MULTIPLE DESCRIPTION CODING WITH PLURAL COMBINED DIVERSITY - An apparatus, system, and method utilizing multi-description coding (MDC) for multimedia content with a plurality of forms of diversity. A source scene can be fragmented into one or more region of interest (ROI) portions and non-ROI portions, based on motion or any other metric of interest. One or more of these portions can further be fragmented by sub-sampling the respective portions to generate a plurality of lower-resolution versions, e.g., with alternating groups of pixels in respective versions. Still further, one or more of these portions can be further fragmented by image frames, e.g., with alternating frames in respective fragments. At least one ROI portion and lower-resolution versions may then be encoded into a plurality of descriptions and transmitted. Utilizing various combinations of ROI diversity, resolution diversity, and frame rate diversity can improve channel utilization and robustness for streaming multimedia content. | 12-13-2012 |
20120317300 | MULTIPATH RATE ADAPTATION - An end-to-end multimedia streaming system can include a streaming server and a destination. The streaming server includes a content source, which sends multiple description coding-encoded content over a plurality of paths to the destination. The destination includes an aggregator for aggregating the descriptions from the multiple paths, decoding and recombining them to recover the content. A feedback sender at the destination generates traffic performance variables based on the channel conditions of the multiple paths, and sends these variables to a feedback receiver at the streaming server. The feedback receiver utilizes the feedback information to make adjustments to the transmissions of the content, and to synchronize the transmissions over the multiple paths. | 12-13-2012 |
20120321001 | SHARING MULTI DESCRIPTION CODED CONTENT UTILIZING PROXIMATE HELPERS - An apparatus, system, and method utilizing multi-description coding (MDC) and one or more cooperative helper nodes to send streaming content on an uplink to a client over multiple paths. The client receives the multiple descriptions and aggregates them together to ideally obtain the original content at its original quality; however, if one or more of the descriptions is lost in the transmission, then the entire content can be generated from the remaining one or more descriptions that did arrive successfully. | 12-20-2012 |
20130019024 | WIRELESS 3D STREAMING SERVERAANM Sheth; Soham V.AACI San DiegoAAST CAAACO USAAGP Sheth; Soham V. San Diego CA USAANM Raveendran; Vijayalakshimi R.AACI San DiegoAAST CAAACO USAAGP Raveendran; Vijayalakshimi R. San Diego CA USAANM Martinez Bauza; JuditAACI San DiegoAAST CAAACO USAAGP Martinez Bauza; Judit San Diego CA USAANM Bhamidipati; PhaniKumar K.AACI San DiegoAAST CAAACO USAAGP Bhamidipati; PhaniKumar K. San Diego CA USAANM Luo; XunAACI San DiegoAAST CAAACO USAAGP Luo; Xun San Diego CA US - An apparatus, system, method, and computer program product for streaming 3D content from a wireless device to a remote 3D display for the viewing of the 3D content on a larger screen. In some aspects, a wireless streaming server may encode 3D motion picture content in a certain format, where each image frame includes a 2D view concatenated side-by-side with a complementary frame of depth information. The combination of the 2D view and the depth information are capable of being processed by a client display to generate a stereoscopic image representing a 3D view. | 01-17-2013 |
20130195119 | FEEDBACK CHANNEL FOR WIRELESS DISPLAY DEVICES - A sink device in a Wireless Display (WD) system may send performance information feedback to a source device to adjust media data processing at the source device. The performance information feedback may include performance indicators of the WD system that are capable of being measured or calculated at the sink device based on received media data or request to adjust the transmission of media data. For example, the performance information feedback may include one or more of round trip delay, delay jitter, packet loss ratio, error distribution, and received signal strength indication (RSSI). The feedback channel may be piggybacked on a reverse channel architecture referred to as the User Input Back Channel (UIBC) implemented between the source device and the sink device. | 08-01-2013 |
20130308707 | METHODS AND DEVICE FOR DATA ALIGNMENT WITH TIME DOMAIN BOUNDARY - Apparatus and methods of using content information for encoding multimedia data are described. A method of processing multimedia data includes obtaining content information of multimedia data, and encoding the multimedia data so as to align a data boundary with a frame boundary in a time domain, wherein said encoding is based on the content information. In another aspect, a method of processing multimedia data includes obtaining a content classification of the multimedia data, and encoding blocks in the multimedia data as intra-coded blocks or inter-coded blocks based on the content classification to increase the error resilience of the encoded multimedia data. Apparatus that can process multimedia data described in these methods are also disclosed. | 11-21-2013 |
20130311694 | DEVICES AND METHODS FOR FACILITATING DIRECT PAIRING IN A WIRELESS DOCKING SYSTEM - Various aspects of the present disclosure enable a docking procedure where a dockee, when docking with a docking host that manages a docking environment, can become directly paired with the peripherals in the docking environment in a straightforward fashion. According to one example, a dockee may transmit a peripheral direct connect request to a docking host. In response, the docking host can send a peripheral direct pair request to the peripheral and a peripheral direct connect response to the dockee, where each message includes respective information to enable the direct pairing between the dockee and the peripheral. Other aspects, embodiments, and features are also included. | 11-21-2013 |
20140120829 | ESTABLISHING A WIRELESS DISPLAY SESSION BETWEEN A COMPUTING DEVICE AND A VEHICLE HEAD UNIT - This disclosure describes a method of transmitting media data from a source device, the method comprising establishing, with the source device, a first communication session between the source device and a sink device comprising a vehicle head unit, wherein the first communication session conforms to a communication protocol. The method also comprises discovering, with the source device and by the first communication session, the sink device. The method further comprises, during operation of the first communication session, establishing with the source device a second communication session between the source device and the sink device, wherein the second communication session conforms to a wireless display protocol. The method also comprises transmitting, using the second communication session, media data from the source device to the sink device for output to an interface of the sink device. | 05-01-2014 |
20140270534 | VIDEO RETARGETING USING SEAM CARVING - Aspects of the present disclosure provide improved image resizing techniques including seam craving and seam lining that consider image content in addition to geometric constraints. In one aspect of the disclosure, the energy for each of the pixels of an image is determined in accordance with an energy function. A line energy is determined for each straight line of the image, and the line energy corresponds to a sum of the energy of the pixels in each straight line. A plurality of starting points are identified for a plurality of seams corresponding to the straight lines having the lowest line energy. Further, the paths for each of the seams are determined. The image may be resized by removing the seams from the image. | 09-18-2014 |
20140281005 | VIDEO RETARGETING USING SEAM CARVING - Aspects of the present disclosure provide for efficient streaming of video sequences in such a way that multiple receiving devices can simultaneously display the video sequence at their full resolution. For example, some aspects of the disclosure combine seam carving, for retargeting a video sequence, with multiple description coding, for transmission of two or more streams corresponding to descriptions of the video sequence. At the receiving end, the descriptions can be aggregated and decoded, and optionally, resized to full HD resolution utilizing seam lining. | 09-18-2014 |
20150029322 | METHOD AND COMPUTATIONS FOR CALCULATING AN OPTICAL AXIS VECTOR OF AN IMAGED EYE - Systems and methods for determining an optical axis vector of an eye in a three-axis coordinate system. An ellipse equation defining an iris disc corresponding to the eye, is determined on an XY plane of the three-axis coordinate system. A set of equations is derived based on the ellipse equation corresponding to a plurality of edge points of the iris disc in the three-axis coordinate system. An estimated iris diameter is iteratively calculated until a difference between the estimated iris diameter and a predetermined iris diameter is less than a threshold. The iterative calculation includes calculating a composite optical axis vector of the eye in the three-axis coordinate system based on solutions for the iris diameter. | 01-29-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20140358630 | APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR CONDUCTING SOCIAL MEDIA ANALYTICS - A system, apparatus and method for performing social media analytics for a movie are provided. The present disclosure provides for a social media analytics platform that builds a rich landscape of interests of movie audiences by mining data from social networking or microblogging services, such as Twitter™. The present disclosure provides for associating at least one user with a movie; collecting, for the at least one associated user, at least one of user location data, user interest data, user-cited website data, and user television viewing habits data from a social networking or microblogging service; processing the collected data to generate movie campaign data, the movie campaign data including at least one of movie marketing data, movie advertising data, and movie distribution data; and providing the at least one movie marketing data, movie advertising data, and movie distribution data for display in a user interface. | 12-04-2014 |
20150156545 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING MEDIA RECOMMENDATIONS - A system and method and graphic user interface for providing media recommendations. The system and method including enabling a user to select a first media object or a second media object from a plurality of accessible media objects, the first media object having a first set of characteristics and the second media object having a second set of characteristics, determining if a user selects the first media object, selects the second media object, or requests access to two different media objects, adjusting weight values associated with the plurality of media objects based on the user's selection, and recommending media objects to the user based on the adjusted weight values. | 06-04-2015 |
20150363500 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTENT DISCOVERY - A system, method and graphic user interface for facilitating content discovery. The system and method including the selection ( | 12-17-2015 |
20160066039 | PRIVACY-PRESERVING RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM - A method and system of recommending content and targeting advertisements for one or more users is provided. The system includes an aggregator that is connected to the one or more users and collects rich user data therefrom. The method includes collecting rich user data from one or more users; building one or more user profiles corresponding to the one or more users; storing the one or more user profiles in a memory database; requesting one or more content profiles from one or more providers; receiving the one or more content profiles; determining whether one of the user profiles is a target user profile for one of the content profiles based on the rich user data associated with the target user profile; and delivering content programs associated with the content profiles to the target user. | 03-03-2016 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110145066 | GENERATING KEYWORD-BASED REQUESTS FOR CONTENT - Systems and methods are provided for dynamically ordering advertisements received from at least one advertisement supplier. In one embodiment, a method includes sending a request to at least a first advertisement supplier; receiving one or more advertisements from the at least first advertisement supplier; identifying a prioritizing parameter associated with each of the one or more advertisements; and dynamically ordering the one or more advertisements from the at least first advertisement supplier into two or more positions of a response based on the prioritizing parameter. | 06-16-2011 |
20120143673 | GENERATING KEYBOARD-BASED REQUESTS FOR CONTENT - Systems and methods are provided for dynamically ordering advertisements received from at least one advertisement supplier. In one embodiment, a method includes sending a request to at least a first advertisement supplier; receiving one or more advertisements from the at least first advertisement supplier; identifying a prioritizing parameter associated with each of the one or more advertisements; and dynamically ordering the one or more advertisements from the at least first advertisement supplier into two or more positions of a response based on the prioritizing parameter. | 06-07-2012 |
20150220996 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR VIRAL PROMOTION OF CONTENT - Techniques for viral promotion of content are described. According to various embodiments, a user request to promote a content item to a member base of an online social network service is received. For example, the request to promote the content item may be received from an advertiser or marketer in conjunction with a request to receive a predetermined number of social activity signals (e.g., likes, shares, follows, comments, etc.) in association with the content item (e.g., as part of an advertising or marketing campaign). Viral promotion seed user definition information specifying one or more definitions of a viral promotion seed user is then accessed. Thereafter, a particular member of the online social network service is classified as the viral promotion seed user, based on the viral promotion seed user definition information. The content item is then selectively promoted to the viral promotion seed user. | 08-06-2015 |
20150317675 | DYNAMIC TARGETING TO ACHIEVE A DESIRED OBJECTIVE - Techniques to dynamically adjust a target audience for a content posting are described. Consistent with some embodiments, subsequent to a member of a social networking service specifying a desired objective to be achieved with a content campaign (e.g., increasing follower acquisition rate, or increasing a click-to-convert rate), a member-targeting optimization module dynamically adjusts the targeted audience of members who are presented with the content posting, with a view to increasing the likelihood that the desired objective will be achieved. | 11-05-2015 |
20150317688 | OPTIMIZING A CONTENT CAMPAIGN TO ACHIEVE A DESIRED OBJECTIVE - Techniques to facilitate recommendations for sponsored content campaigns are described. Consistent with some embodiments, subsequent to a member of a social networking service specifying a desired objective to be achieved with a content campaign (e.g., increasing follower acquisition rate, or increasing a click-to-convert rate), a campaign optimization module provides, for a member-specified content posting, a recommended target audience that is most likely to react to the content posting in a manner that will enable the member to achieve the desired objective. Alternatively, a member may specify a desired objective and a target audience, and the campaign optimization module provides a recommendation as to the particular content posting that the member should promote or sponsor in order to achieve the desired objective. | 11-05-2015 |
20150317689 | OPTIMIZING A CONTENT CAMPAIGN TO ACHIEVE A DESIRED OBJECTIVE - Techniques to facilitate recommendations for sponsored content campaigns are described. Consistent with some embodiments, subsequent to a member of a social networking service specifying a desired objective to be achieved with a content campaign (e.g., increasing follower acquisition rate, or increasing a click-to-convert rate), a campaign optimization module provides, for a member-specified content posting, a recommended target audience that is most likely to react to the content posting in a manner that will enable the member to achieve the desired objective. Alternatively, a member may specify a desired objective and a target audience, and the campaign optimization module provides a recommendation as to the particular content posting that the member should promote or sponsor in order to achieve the desired objective. | 11-05-2015 |
20150350441 | CHARITY CALL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM - Techniques for improved management of charity calling programs are described. According to various embodiments, a request from a caller to participate in a charity call program associated with a particular charitable organization is received. A recipient that is currently not assigned to a caller associated with the charity call program is identified, based on an electronic recipient call list. Contact information associated with the recipient is then provided to the caller. Thereafter, it is determined that the caller has successfully communicated with the specific recipient. The electronic recipient call list is then updated to indicate that the caller has successfully communicated with the specific recipient. | 12-03-2015 |
20160092890 | MULTIDIMENSIONAL MONITORING AND ALERTING OF BUSINESS METRICS - Techniques for multidimensional monitoring and alerting of business metrics of an online system are described. According to various embodiments, a user specification of a business metric associated with operations of an online social networking system, and multiple dimensional values that are included in the business metric, are received. A revenue-impacting event corresponding to a change in a specific one of the dimensional values is then detected. Thereafter, it is determined that the revenue-impacting event is caused by a release of a particular online service associated with the online social networking system. A notification specifying the revenue-impacting event, and indicating that the revenue-impacting event was caused by the release of the particular online service, is then displayed. | 03-31-2016 |