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Balachandran, US

Athula Balachandran, Pittsburg, PA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110282932ASYMMETRIC END HOST REDUNDANCY ELIMINATION FOR NETWORKS - An end host redundancy elimination system and method to provide redundancy elimination as an end system service. Embodiments of the system and method use optimization techniques that reduce server central processing unit (CPU) load and memory footprint as compared to existing approaches. For server storage, embodiments of the system and method use a suite of highly-optimized data structures for managing metadata and cached payloads. An optimized asymmetric max-match technique exploits the inherent structure in data maintained at the server and client and ensures that client processing load is negligible. A load-adaptive fingerprinting technique is used that is much faster than current fingerprinting techniques while still delivering similar compression. Load-adaptive means that embodiments of the fingerprinting technique can adapt CPU usage depending on server load. Embodiments of the system and method operate above the transmission control protocol (TCP) layer, thereby reducing the number of roundtrips needed for data transfer.11-17-2011

Balakumar Balachandran, Rockville, MD US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090064771METHOD OF OPERATING AN ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE IN TAPPING MODE WITH A REDUCED IMPACT FORCE - In a tapping mode Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) system, a probe is excited at an excitation frequency other than the probe's first natural frequency to produce a response signal manifesting a grazing bifurcation between “non-collision” and “collision” states of the AFM system, so that an additional characteristic frequency component is generated in the “collision” state. The magnitude of the additional characteristic frequency component is monitored in real time, and the probe-sample separation is adjusted to maintain the monitored magnitude at an optimal value to operate the AFM system at near-grazing conditions.03-12-2009

Bobby Balachandran, Beaverton, OR US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20140278647ENTITY MONITORING - Embodiments are disclosed herein that relate to entity monitoring. In one example, a management system comprises a logic subsystem and a storage subsystem. The storage subsystem holds instructions executable by the logic subsystem to create an entity monitor based on user input, the input comprising a designation of an entity, at least one parameter associated with the entity, and at least one condition that defines a change in the at least one parameter, detect the change in the at least one parameter by accessing a storage device holding the at least one parameter, and responsive to detecting the change in the least one parameter, record the change in the at least one parameter in the entity monitor and execute one or more actions defined by the user input.09-18-2014
20140278663ELECTRONIC DISCOVERY SYSTEMS AND WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT METHOD - Various systems and methods for managing electronic discovery are provided. In one example, a method for facilitating a cross-team, role-based workflow for task management on a computing device comprises sending a project request to a business coordinator, the project request received from a legal/compliance team member, assigning work required by the project request to a discovery coordinator based on input received from the business coordinator, and performing the work required by the project request by assigning one or more projects to one or more collection/preservation teams based on input received from the discovery coordinator.09-18-2014
20140330755INTELLIGENT SEARCHING OF ELECTRONICALLY STORED INFORMATION - Technologies and implementations for training a predictive intelligence associated with electronic discovery (e-discovery) are generally disclosed.11-06-2014

Ganesh Balachandran, Sunnyvale, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110025402CHOPPING TECHNIQUE FOR CONTINUOUS TIME SIGMA-DELTA ADCS WITHOUT Q-NOISE FOLDING - A chopping transconductor includes an transconductor input stage coupled with input signals of the chopping transconductor; a chopping switch coupled with an output of the transconductor input stage, the chopping switch having a switch output; and a cascode transistor, wherein the switch output is coupled to an output of the chopping transconductor through the cascode transistor. The chopping transconductor may be used in an analog-to-digital converter to isolate chopping switches from junctions with quantization noise.02-03-2011
20130049774SURFACE CHARGE REDUCTION TECHNIQUE FOR CAPACITIVE SENSORS - A differential capacitive transducer system is disclosed that includes first and second capacitive cores and a chopping system. The first core a first input coupled to a first capacitor, a second input coupled to a second capacitor, and a first output. The second core includes a third input coupled to a third capacitor, a fourth input coupled to a fourth capacitor, and a second output. The chopping system has first and fourth inputs coupled to positive signals, and second and third inputs coupled to negative signals. As the chopping system switches between high and low states, it couples the core inputs to different polarity signals reducing charge buildup. The different polarity signals can have substantially same magnitudes. Chopper clock and main clock frequencies can be selected to provide substantially zero average voltages at the core inputs. The system can include an integrator circuit and differential summing circuits.02-28-2013
20130049775SURFACE CHARGE REDUCTION TECHNIQUE FOR CAPACITIVE SENSORS - A differential capacitive transducer system is disclosed that includes first and second capacitive cores and a chopping system. The first core a first input coupled to a first capacitor, a second input coupled to a second capacitor, and a first output. The second core includes a third input coupled to a third capacitor, a fourth input coupled to a fourth capacitor, and a second output. The chopping system has first and fourth inputs coupled to positive signals, and second and third inputs coupled to negative signals. As the chopping system switches between high and low states, it couples the core inputs to different polarity signals reducing charge buildup. The different polarity signals can have substantially same magnitudes. Chopper clock and main clock frequencies can be selected to provide substantially zero average voltages at the core inputs. The system can include an integrator circuit and differential summing circuits.02-28-2013
20130049776READOUT CIRCUIT FOR SELF-BALANCING CAPACITOR BRIDGE - A capacitive transducer and a readout circuit for processing a signal from a capacitive transducer. The readout circuit includes a high gain circuit element, two summing amplifiers and two feedback path. The high gain circuit element generates an amplified transducer signal, and the summing amplifiers sum the amplified transducer signal with a positive reference voltage and the negative reference voltage, respectively, to generate a first summation signal and a second summation signal. The feedback paths feed back the summation signals to the transducer. Output circuitry generates an output signal based on the summation signals. The high gain circuit element can be a switched capacitor integrator. The output circuitry can generates the output signal based on the first and second summation signals.02-28-2013
20130055564LINEAR CAPACITANCE-TO-VOLTAGE CONVERTER USING A SINGLE AMPLIFIER FOR TRANSDUCER FRONT ENDS WITH CANCELLATION OF SPURIOUS FORCES CONTRIBUTED BY SENSOR CIRCUITRY - Capacitive transducer systems are disclosed that reduce nonlinearities due to feedthrough capacitances or residual electrostatic forces. The systems can include a core with a first input coupled to a first variable capacitor, a second input coupled to a second variable capacitor, and a core output coupled to a common node; an amplifier with input switchably coupled to common node and an output; a feedback path switchably coupling amplifier output to common node; and a main clock with first and second phases, that controls switches coupling system components. When clock is in first phase, first core input is coupled to reference voltage, second core input is coupled to negative reference voltage, and common node is coupled to amplifier output. When clock is in second phase, core inputs are grounded, and common node is coupled to amplifier input. The system can have single amplifier. Neutralization capacitor can cancel feedthrough and parasitic capacitances.03-07-2013
20130057301LINEAR CAPACITANCE-TO-VOLTAGE CONVERTER USING A SINGLE AMPLIFIER FOR ACCELEROMETER FRONT ENDS WITH CANCELLATION OF SPURIOUS FORCES CONTRIBUTED BY SENSOR CIRCUITRY - Capacitive transducer systems are disclosed that reduce nonlinearities due to feedthrough capacitances or residual electrostatic forces. The systems can include a core with a first input coupled to a first variable capacitor, a second input coupled to a second variable capacitor, and a core output coupled to a common node; an amplifier with input switchably coupled to common node and an output; a feedback path switchably coupling amplifier output to common node; and a main clock with first and second phases, that controls switches coupling system components. When clock is in first phase, first core input is coupled to reference voltage, second core input is coupled to negative reference voltage, and common node is coupled to amplifier output. When clock is in second phase, core inputs are grounded, and common node is coupled to amplifier input. The system can have single amplifier. Neutralization capacitor can cancel feedthrough and parasitic capacitances.03-07-2013
20130063165SCHEME TO ACHIEVE ROBUSTNESS TO ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE IN INERTIAL SENSORS - A capacitive sensor system and method resistant to electromagnetic interference is disclosed. The system includes a capacitive core, differential amplifier with inverting and non-inverting inputs, capacitive paths, and chopping system. Core can include inputs and outputs coupled to variable capacitors, and common nodes coupling variable capacitors. Capacitive paths couple core outputs to amplifier inputs. When chopping system is high, one polarity voltage is applied to core inputs, a first core output is coupled to the inverting input and a second core output is coupled to the non-inverting input. When the chopping system is low, opposite polarity voltage is applied to core inputs, and core output to amplifier input couplings are flipped. Capacitive paths can include bond wires. Chopping system can be varied between high and low at frequencies that smear noise away from a frequency band of interest, or that smear noise substantially evenly across a wide frequency range.03-14-2013
20130063207SCHEME TO ACHIEVE ROBUSTNESS TO ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE IN INERTIAL SENSORS - A capacitive sensor system and method resistant to electromagnetic interference is disclosed. The system includes a capacitive core, differential amplifier with inverting and non-inverting inputs, capacitive paths, and chopping system. Core can include inputs and outputs coupled to variable capacitors, and common nodes coupling variable capacitors. Capacitive paths couple core outputs to amplifier inputs. When chopping system is high, one polarity voltage is applied to core inputs, a first core output is coupled to the inverting input and a second core output is coupled to the non-inverting input. When the chopping system is low, opposite polarity voltage is applied to core inputs, and core output to amplifier input couplings are flipped. Capacitive paths can include bond wires. Chopping system can be varied between high and low at frequencies that smear noise away from a frequency band of interest, or that smear noise substantially evenly across a wide frequency range.03-14-2013
20130067984LINEARITY ENHANCEMENT OF CAPACITIVE TRANSDUCERS BY AUTO-CALIBRATION USING ON-CHIP NEUTRALIZATION CAPACITORS AND LINEAR ACTUATION - A system and method are disclosed for automatically calibrating capacitive transducers to neutralize feed-through capacitance using linear actuation. The method includes starting with an initial neutralization capacitance, applying no electrostatic force and two known electrostatic forces to a proof mass of the transducer, recording the transducer output changes due to the applied forces; and determining how to revise neutralization capacitance based on the changes. The method can use a binary search to find a final neutralization capacitance providing the best linearity. The method can include comparing the final linearity to a threshold linearity. The electrostatic forces can be applied using a charge control method where the electrostatic force is a linear function of the actuation duration. The linear actuation can be used for continuous self-test of capacitive sensors.03-21-2013
20130152663LINEARITY ENHANCEMENT OF CAPACITIVE TRANSDUCERS BY AUTO-CALIBRATION USING ON-CHIP NEUTRALIZATION CAPACITORS AND LINEAR ACTUATION - A system and method are disclosed for automatically calibrating capacitive transducers to neutralize feed-through capacitance using linear actuation. The method includes starting with an initial neutralization capacitance, applying no electrostatic force and two known electrostatic forces to a proof mass of the transducer, recording the transducer output changes due to the applied forces; and determining how to revise neutralization capacitance based on the changes. The method can use a binary search to find a final neutralization capacitance providing the best linearity. The method can include comparing the final linearity to a threshold linearity. The electrostatic forces can be applied using a charge control method where the electrostatic force is a linear function of the actuation duration. The linear actuation can be used for continuous self-test of capacitive sensors.06-20-2013
20140251012PSEUDO-DIFFERENTIAL ACCELEROMETER WITH HIGH ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE REJECTION - A pseudo-differential accelerometer resistant to EMI is disclosed that includes a device with a sensor core connected to an integrated circuit including a chopper, differential amplifier, and dummy core. The chopper swaps input to output connections during different states. The dummy core is coupled to a dummy chopper input. Three bond wires coupling the sensor output to a sensor chopper input, a first chopper output to a first sensor input, and a second chopper output to a second sensor input can connect the sensor and integrated circuit. The device can include a dummy pad and dummy bond wire connecting the dummy pad to the dummy chopper input. This configuration requires four bond wires connecting the sensor and integrated circuit. A neutralization core can be connected to the sensor chopper input. The chopper can change states to smear noise across a wide range, or away from a band of interest.09-11-2014

Patent applications by Ganesh Balachandran, Sunnyvale, CA US

Ganesh K. Balachandran, Sunnyvale, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20150338217Stepped Sinusoidal Drive For Vibratory Gyroscopes - A gyroscopic sensor includes a vibratory gyroscopic sensor element, first and second drive electrodes positioned proximate to the vibratory gyroscopic sensor element, and a drive circuit operatively connected to the first and second drive electrodes. The drive circuit is configured to generate a stepped sinusoidal waveform having a plurality of steps, each step having a predetermined duration and each step having an output level in a plurality of predetermined output levels for the stepped sinusoidal waveform including at least three positive output levels and at least three negative output levels to generate oscillation of the vibratory gyroscopic sensor element at a predetermined frequency.11-26-2015
20150341041Phase Lock Loop Circuit Having a Wide Bandwidth - A phase lock loop circuit includes a phase detector, loop filter, voltage controlled oscillator, and a divider. The divider includes a controller and a memory that stores a lookup table of signal levels for a sinusoidal feedback signal. The divider receives an output signal from the voltage controlled oscillator and generates an output signal corresponding to the values in the lookup table in a predetermined order to generate a sinusoidal feedback signal. The divider generates a new output for each cycle of the output signal from the voltage controlled oscillator and enables PLL bandwidth that meets or exceeds a frequency of the reference signal.11-26-2015
20150341042DIGITAL PHASE LOCK LOOP CIRCUIT INCLUDING FINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE FILTERING TO REDUCE ALIASING OF QUANTIZATION NOISE - A digital phase lock loop circuit includes a phase detector, loop filter, finite impulse response filter (FIR), a plurality of digital to analog converters (DACs), a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), and a divider. The FIR filter includes a predetermined number of taps, where each tap is connected to an input of one DAC in the plurality of DACs. The FIR filter attenuates high-frequency quantization error in a digital control signal that the plurality of DACs converts to an analog control signal for the VCO. The FIR filtered control signal reduces or eliminates quantization noise higher-frequency components that would otherwise be generated as DC quantization noise in a feedback signal generated by the divider.11-26-2015
20150358016Current Mirror Circuits with Narrow Bandwidth Bias Noise Reduction - A current mirror circuit includes a first transistor connected to a voltage source, a gate of the first transistor being connected to a drain of the first transistor, a current source connected to the drain and the gate of the first transistor, the current source being configured to generate a predetermined first output current, a sample and hold circuit having an input connected to the gate of the first transistor, a second transistor connected to the voltage source, a gate of the second transistor being connected to an output of the sample and hold circuit, and a controller operatively connected to the sample and hold circuit, the controller being configured to operate the sample and hold circuit at a predetermined sampling frequency to attenuate bias noise from the first transistor in a second output current from the second transistor.12-10-2015
20150358724Feedback Delay Reduction In Force Feedback Devices - A feedback circuit provides a feedback signal to a transducer. The feedback circuit includes an ADC that generates digital representations of a feedback signal, digital controller that identifies adjustments for the feedback, and DAC that generates an analog output of the adjusted feedback signal. The digital controller performs speculative computation to identify adjustments for the feedback signal output for each output value from the ADC prior to receiving the output from the ADC. The ADC and DAC include sigma-delta modulators that operate with a zero clock cycle delay in a forward path. The ADC, digital controller, and DAC generate adjustments to the feedback output signal with reduced delay that reduce phase lag and improve phase margin to maintain stability in the transducer.12-10-2015

Girish K. Balachandran, Mountain View, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080208887Method, apparatus, and program product for creating and maintaining a data model - Apparatus, methods, and computer program products are disclosed that teach a method of generating a concrete-schema-instance as a result of modifying a representation of an abstract-instance-object-model. The concrete-schema-instance so generated represents an information-model used to process a concrete-information-instance.08-28-2008
20140237463DYNAMICALLY GENERATE AND EXECUTE A CONTEXT-SPECIFIC PATCH INSTALLATION PROCEDURE ON A COMPUTING SYSTEM - A patch installation procedure may be generated and executed that is specific both to the patch and the configuration of the target computing system. Configuration data may be received that indicates the configuration of the target computing system. Installation metadata for the patch, describing the operations to be performed for installing the patch may also be received. A patch installation procedure may be generated that is based on both the configuration data and the installation metadata. This patch installation procedure may then be executed to automatically install the patch on the target computing system. In at least some embodiments, the target computing system may a distributed computing system including multiple nodes.08-21-2014

Girish Kumar Balachandran, Mountain View, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090119300TECHNIQUE FOR EDITING CENTRALIZED DIGITALLY ENCODED INFORMATION - A technique is disclosed herein for editing centralized digitally encoded content using a stateless client on a client machine. A repository on a central server is accessed by a user. The repository has a plurality of compilation units stored therein. One or more compilation units selected by the user are provided to the user via a stateless client on a client machine. The client is in communication with the repository over a network. Information associated with the one or more selected compilation units is programmatically sent to the repository at spaced time intervals.05-07-2009

Krishna Balachandran, Murray Hill, NJ US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20140269640ARCHITECTURE TO SUPPORT NETWORK-WIDE MULTIPLE-IN-MULTIPLE-OUT WIRELESS COMMUNICATION OVER A DOWNLINK - The present invention provides a method of coordinating the downlink transmissions from a plurality of base stations to at least one mobile unit. The method is implemented in a control plane entity and includes receiving, at the control plane entity and from each of the plurality of base stations, channel state information for a plurality of wireless communication channels between the plurality of base stations and one or more mobile units. The method also includes determining, at the control plane entity and based on the channel state information, transmission formats for downlink transmissions from the plurality of base stations to the mobile unit(s). The method further includes providing the transmission formats to the plurality of base stations.09-18-2014
20140297726CONTENT RATE CONTROL FOR STREAMING MEDIA SERVERS - The present invention provides a method for content rate selection. The method includes selecting a content rate for play out of at least one frame transmitted from a media server to a media client via a wireless access network. Selection of the content rate is performed based on a statistical representation of a bandwidth available for transmission of frames.10-02-2014

Krishnamohan Balachandran, Belmont, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20130006649System and Method Healthcare Diagnostics and Treatment - A computerized decision support system for designing, managing and executing clinical disease pathways for financially balanced evidence based care.01-03-2013

Kumar Balachandran, Pleasanton, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110051640SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR REDUCING POWER CONSUMED BY A BASE STATION - The present invention provides systems and methods that enable a base station to consume less power. According to an embodiment of the invention, the base station reduces its power consumption by not continuously broadcasting control information. In such an embodiment, a mobile station that seeks access to a network to which the base station provides access does not search for broadcast control information prior to transmitting an access message to the base station, but rather simply transmits on a predetermined access channel an access request message. A base station that receives the access request message may unicast control information to the mobile station.03-03-2011
20110064043SYSTEM, METHOD, AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVED SPACE-TIME CODING AND DYNAMIC SWITCHING WITH ADVANCED RECEIVERS - Methods and apparatus for allocating time-frequency resources to mobile terminals in a wireless communications system in which time-frequency resources may be selectively used according to a first multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scheme or a second MIMO transmission scheme that differs from the first MIMO transmission scheme. An exemplary method comprises, for at least a first scheduling instance, identifying a first group of mobile terminals corresponding to the first MIMO transmission scheme and a second group of mobile terminals corresponding to the second MIMO transmission scheme, allocating time-frequency resources in a first pre-determined time-frequency zone exclusively to mobile terminals belonging to the first group, and allocating time-frequency resources in one or more additional pre-determined time-frequency zones to one or more mobile terminals belonging to the second group. This method may be implemented in a base station of a WiMAX system, for example.03-17-2011
20120134327SEMI-PERSISTENT RESOURCE ALLOCATION METHOD FOR UPLINK TRANSMISSION IN WIRELESS PACKET DATA SYSTEMS - A wireless telecommunications network supplies a semi-persistent resource that a wireless station can use for special purposes (such as a retransmission of packets for ARQ purposes or a control signal. The semi-persistent resource can be allocated by the system to other terminals if, e.g., a retransmission is not required. Since a retransmission is generally performed in response to a NACK received from a base station, the NACK may itself serve as a token that permits the wireless station to use the semi-persistent allocation. Thus, the technology includes, e.g., a method for resource allocation on a semi-persistent basis and efficient signaling for the usage of such allocation.05-31-2012
20120231826WIRELESS DEVICE POSITION DETERMINING AND FREQUENCY ASSIGNING SYSTEMS, DEVICES AND METHODS - Wireless communication methods determine a position of a first wireless base station. A wireless communication frequency to be used by the first wireless base station is determined by identifying a common frequency that can be used at a plurality of locations surrounding and spaced apart from the position of the first wireless base station that was determined. The first wireless base station may be a femto-base station and the frequency may be an unlicensed frequency. Related systems and devices are also described.09-13-2012
20120288022CHANNEL ESTIMATION FOR A VERY LARGE-SCALE MULTIPLE-INPUT MULTIPLE-OUTPUT (MIMO) SYSTEM - A transmitter, receiver, and method for channel estimation for a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication system in which the transmitter includes a multiplicity of transmit antennas spaced such that spacing between adjacent antennas provides a spatial correlation coefficient greater than a threshold level. The transmitter selects a subset of the multiplicity of transmit antennas for transmitting the pilot reference signals. The pilot reference signals are transmitted only from the selected subset of transmit antennas to the receiver. The receiver includes a channel estimator configured to derive a channel estimation for all of the multiplicity of transmit antennas using the received pilot reference signals and known or estimated spatial correlation among the multiplicity of transmit antennas.11-15-2012
20130035064Methods Of Modifying Communication Network Access And Related Network Nodes, And Wireless Terminals - A method may be provided in a wireless terminal to modify access to a Radio Access Network. The method may include providing a barring rate at the wireless terminal and providing a barring rate modifier at the wireless terminal. A modified barring rate may be provided at the wireless terminal responsive to the barring rate and the barring rate modifier with the modified barring rate and the barring rate being different. A random number may be provided at the wireless terminal responsive to attempting to access the Radio Access Network, and access of the wireless terminal to the Radio Access Network may be blocked responsive to the random number failing to satisfy a threshold of the modified barring rate. Related wireless terminals, network nodes, and network operations are also discussed.02-07-2013
20130077658SPATIALLY RANDOMIZED PILOT SYMBOL TRANSMISSION METHODS, SYSTEMS AND DEVICES FOR MULTIPLE INPUT/MULTIPLE OUTPUT (MIMO) WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS - Compressive sampling is used to generate pilot symbols to be transmitted over an array of antennas in a MIMO wireless communications device. A pilot symbol is transmitted over the array of antennas according to a spatially randomized antenna transmission function that randomly changes across the array of antennas. The randomized antenna transmission function may randomly select/deselect antennas and/or randomly change amplitude and/or phase of the pilot symbol transmission. Channel estimates can be constructed at a receiver based on the spatially randomized pilot symbols that were transmitted.03-28-2013
20130089044TRANSMIT POWER ADJUSTMENT TO REDUCE A RELATIVE PHASE DISCONTINUITY - A method and a serving NodeB for adjusting transmit power of a User Equipment (UE) having multiple transmitter chains to reduce relative phase discontinuity (RPD) between a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The NodeB receives from the UE, an RP characteristic of the UE and, based on the RP characteristic, selects an SRS or PUSCH transmit power level for the UE so as to reduce the RPD. The NodeB instructs the UE to set the SRS or PUSCH transmit power level to the level selected by the NodeB.04-11-2013
20130128785ENERGY EFFICIENT OPERATION FOR DENSE DEPLOYMENT OF WIRELESS ACCESS NODES - Systems and methods are disclosed for providing energy efficient operation for wireless access nodes in a dense deployment of wireless access nodes in a cellular communication network. In one particular embodiment, wireless access nodes form a super dense network. In one embodiment, a wireless access node in a dense deployment of wireless access nodes in a cellular communication network includes a transmitter and a receiver that are operated according to a discontinuous transmit and a discontinuous receive mode of operation. The wireless access node controls one or more duty cycles for the discontinuous transmit and discontinuous receive mode of operation based on an alertness state of the wireless access node. In one embodiment, the one or more duty cycles increase as the alertness state of the wireless access node increases. In this manner, the wireless access node is operated in an energy efficient manner.05-23-2013
20130128788ENERGY EFFICIENT OPERATION FOR WIRELESS ACCESS NODES IN A LOW-LOAD SERVICE AREA WITHIN A DENSE DEPLOYMENT OF WIRELESS ACCESS NODES - Systems and methods are disclosed for efficient operation of wireless access nodes in a dense deployment of wireless access nodes in a cellular communication network. In general, the dense deployment of wireless access nodes includes multiple wireless access nodes in a service area. The service area is preferably, but not necessarily, a low-load service area. As used herein, a low-load service area is an area within an overall service area of the dense deployment of wireless access nodes in which all wireless access nodes are not needed to provide a desired data capacity. Overlapping radio coverage areas of the wireless access nodes in, or serving, the service area are leveraged to enable efficient operation of the wireless access nodes in the service area.05-23-2013
20130170572Mobility-Resilient Multi-Antenna Communications - The antenna weight selection solution disclosed herein selects antenna weights for a multiple antenna communication system that transmits uplink or downlink data using multiple radiation patterns based on channel variability metrics determined for two or more sets of candidate antenna weights. In so doing the antenna weight selection solution disclosed herein reduces the channel variability associated with data transmissions, and therefore reduces the amount of feedback and/or the feedback rates required for the multiple antenna communication system.07-04-2013
20130311858ITERATIVE DECODING OF BLOCKS WITH CYCLIC REDUNDANCY CHECKS - The iterative decoding of blocks may be continued or terminated based on CRC checks. In an example embodiment, one iteration of an iterative decoding process is performed on a block whose information bits are covered by a CRC. The iterative decoding process is stopped if the CRC checks for a predetermined number of consecutive iterations. In another example embodiment, a decoding iteration is performed on a particular sub-block of multiple sub-blocks of a transport block, which includes a single CRC over an entirety of the transport block. The CRC is checked using decoded bits obtained from the decoding iteration on the particular sub-block and decoded bits obtained from previous decoding iterations on other sub-blocks of the multiple sub-blocks. The decoding iteration is then performed on a different sub-block if the CRC does not check. Also, the decoding iterations for the sub-blocks may be terminated if the CRC checks.11-21-2013
20140086080METRIC COMPUTATION FOR INTERFERENCE-AWARE ROUTING - Systems and methods for computing and/or utilizing mutual information based link metrics for a link in a wireless mesh network are disclosed. In one embodiment, one or more mutual information values are computed for a link between a transmitter of a first network node and a receiver of a second network node in a wireless mesh network. Each of the one or more mutual information values is computed for a different hypothesized transmission mode for the link. One or more link metrics for the link are computed as a function of the mutual information values, where each link metric is computed based on a different one of the one or more mutual information values. In this manner, a link metric is computed for each of the one or more hypothesized transmission modes for the link. At least one of the link metrics are then provided to a routing update module.03-27-2014
20140094127METHODS AND DEVICES FOR ADJUSTING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES BASED ON MACHINE DEVICE CAPABILITY INFORMATION - Devices and methods for adjusting resource management procedures based on machine device capability information are disclosed. In one aspect, a method for adjusting resource management procedures in a machine device communicating with a node operating in a communication network includes receiving a first message from the machine device, the first message including machine device capability information, processing the received machine device capability information to determine an adjustment to a resource management procedure, and transmitting a second message to the machine device, the second message including the determined resource management procedure adjustment. The first and second messages may be radio resource control (RRC) messages, such as RRC connection request and setup messages.04-03-2014
20140094204Uplink Power Control for Machine Type Communication Devices - An access node is configured to adapt uplink power control procedures based on the device attributes of a wireless device. The device attributes may, for example be the mobility, energy profile, or characteristic traffic pattern of the wireless device. The adaptive uplink power control procedure may be used to minimize or reduce power consumption, to improve resource utilization efficiency, or to reduce interference levels.04-03-2014
20140185465METHODS AND DEVICES FOR ADJUSTING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES BASED ON MACHINE DEVICE CAPABILITY INFORMATION - Devices and methods for adjusting resource management procedures in a User Equipment (UE) machine device communicating with one or more nodes in a communication network. In one embodiment, a method includes determining, during a first time period, the number of handovers, N, for the UE from a serving node to a different node. The method further includes comparing the value, N, to a threshold, wherein if the value, N, is greater than the threshold, mobility pattern information for the UE includes an indication of high mobility, and if the value, N, is less than or equal to the threshold, the mobility pattern information includes an indication of low mobility. The method also includes transmitting machine device capability information, including the indicated mobility pattern information, to be used for determining an adjustment to a resource management procedure for the UE.07-03-2014
20140198742PRACH Signals with Different Bandwidths - The present disclosure concerns radio communication. More particularly, the present disclosure concerns random access procedures used in communication between user equipments (UEs) and radio network nodes, such as evolved NodeB's. According to one exemplary embodiment disclosed herein, a method in a UE 07-17-2014
20140219377CHANNEL ESTIMATION FOR A VERY LARGE-SCALE MULTIPLE-INPUT MULTIPLE-OUTPUT (MIMO) SYSTEM - A transmitter, receiver, and method for channel estimation for a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication system in which the transmitter includes a multiplicity of transmit antennas spaced such that spacing between adjacent antennas provides a spatial correlation coefficient greater than a threshold level. The transmitter selects a subset of the multiplicity of transmit antennas for transmitting the pilot reference signals. The pilot reference signals are transmitted only from the selected subset of transmit antennas to the receiver. The receiver includes a channel estimator configured to derive a channel estimation for all of the multiplicity of transmit antennas using the received pilot reference signals and known or estimated spatial correlation among the multiplicity of transmit antennas.08-07-2014
20150016432Retransmission Protocol Feedback Handling with Multiple Feedback Times - In a mobile network, the transmission of downlink data blocks (01-15-2015
20150043461Processing-Time Dependent Control of Data Block Transmission02-12-2015
20150092566METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRIGGERING OF SPECIFIC OPERATION MODE FOR TERMINALS OPERATING IN EXTENDED LONG RANGE - Systems and methods are disclosed for triggering a long range extension mode of operation for a wireless device in a cellular communications network. In one preferred embodiment, the wireless device is a Machine Type Communication (MTC) device. In one embodiment, a node in the cellular communications network determines that the wireless device is to operate in the long range extension mode if there is difficulty in establishing communication between the wireless device and the cellular communications network. If the wireless device is to operate in the long range extension mode, the node activates one or more long range extension mechanisms with respect to the wireless device such that the wireless device operates in the long range extension mode. In this manner, the long range extension mode is selectively triggered for the wireless device.04-02-2015
20150117435Transmitter for Transmitting Discovery Signals, A Receiver and Methods Therein - A transmitter 04-30-2015
20150146655DISTRIBUTED ROUTING IN WIRELESS NETWORKS - Systems and methods related to distributed route determination through a multi-hop wireless network based on multiple route metrics or properties are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method of operation of a network node comprises identifying a subset of neighbors of the network node in a wireless network based on: (a) link weight(s) for links from the network node to at least some of the neighbors of the network node with respect to route metric(s) and (b) defined limit(s) for the route metric(s). The method further comprises obtaining second link weights for the links from the network node to at least the subset of the neighbors with respect to a second route metric, and identifying from the subset of the neighbors, an optimal next hop neighbor for the network node. In this manner, multiple route metrics are taken into consideration in manner that is computationally efficient.05-28-2015
20150271763METHOD FOR MODIFYING PARAMETER VALUES FOR LONG RANGE EXTENSION AND CORRESPONDING NODE - Systems and methods are disclosed for adjusting Radio Link Monitoring (RLM), Radio Link Failure (RLF) detection, RLF recovery, and/or connection establishment failure detection for wireless devices in a cellular communications network depending on mode of operation. In one embodiment, a node in the cellular communications network determines whether a wireless device (e.g., a Machine Type Communication (MTC) device) is to operate in a long range extension mode of operation or a normal mode of operation. The node then applies different values for at least one parameter depending on whether the wireless device is to operate in the long range extension mode or the normal mode. The at least one parameter includes one or more RLM parameters, one or more RLF detection parameters, and/or one or more RLF recovery parameters. In doing do, signaling overhead and energy consumption when operating in the long range extension mode is substantially reduced.09-24-2015
20150304207Route Determination in a Multi-Hop Network Using Multiple Routing Metrics - The proposed technology provides a computationally efficient way to find suitable routes under consideration of multiple metrics. The considered multi-hop network is represented by a connected graph having nodes and links interconnecting the nodes. The method comprises the step (S10-22-2015
20150312906Methods and Apparatus for Routing Communication using Slotted Resources of Radio Access Mesh Networks - Methods and network nodes (10-29-2015
20150319712Interference-Improved Uplink Data Rates for a Group of Mobile Stations Transmitting to a Base Station - A base station maximizes a uplink data transmission rate from multiple mobiles treated by the base station as a virtual single uplink transmitter. The base station identifies a set of mobile stations as a candidate transmitting set and determines a transmit power allowable from the mobile stations in the candidate transmitting set. A subset of those mobile stations in the candidate transmitting set is identified. Uplink data transmission rates are assigned and communicated to the subset of mobile stations in the candidate transmitting set so as to optimize a total number of bits processed by the base station associated with the uplink transmissions received from the subset of candidate mobile stations. The optimization may accomplish one or more objectives in addition to optimizing the total number of bits processed.11-05-2015
20160050612AGGREGATION-NODE SELECTION USING VIRTUAL HUB - A route determination method is provided in a multi-hop network having a number of nodes, where at least two nodes are target nodes. The multi-hop network includes a fictitious node having fictitious links to at least two of the target nodes. The method includes determining, at least part of one or more extended routes for connecting one or more of the nodes included in the multi-hop network, to the fictitious node and determining, at least a part of a route in the multi-hop network, using the at least part of one or more extended routes. Other methods and devices are disclosed for route determination in a multi-hop network have several gateways or aggregation nodes for connecting to a communication network, and for routing in a multi-hop network.02-18-2016

Patent applications by Kumar Balachandran, Pleasanton, CA US

Nikhil Balachandran, San Francisco, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110222696CONFIGURABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE REPROGRAMMABLE TO MODIFY THE DEVICE FREQUENCY RESPONSE - A test signal generator provides a test signal to an acoustic device under test and a data acquisition device acquires data from the acoustic device. The initial frequency response of the signal path through the acoustic device is determined based on the test signal and the acquired data. A target frequency response is selected. A desired configuration of a configurable circuit in the signal path is determined modifying the signal path such that the frequency response of the signal path is substantially similar to the target frequency response. At least one parameter for at least one programmable component of the configurable circuit is determined and programmed into the programmable component.09-15-2011

Nithya Balachandran US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120278873TECHNIQUES FOR RESOURCE OPERATION BASED ON USAGE, SHARING, AND RECOMMENDATIONS WITH MODULAR AUTHENTICATION - Techniques for resource operation based on usage, sharing, and recommendations with modular authentication are provided. A resource space is associated with a principal. The resource space comprises resources local to a device of the principal and remote from the device. The resources presented in a merged view within a local file system and operating system of the device. In an embodiment, the device negotiates authentication with an intermediary for access to a legacy service where authentication is performed by the intermediary on behalf of the device, and the intermediary establishes an authentication session between the principal and the legacy service.11-01-2012

Priya Balachandran, Foster City, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120009574DETECTION OF LISTERIA SPECIES IN FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES, METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF - Embodiments of the disclosure relate to isolated nucleic acid sequences, methods of use thereof, and workflows for detection of several 01-12-2012
20120009575INDUCIBLE NUCLEIC ACID TARGETS FOR DETECTION OF PATHOGENS, METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF - The present application describes compositions, methods and kits for rapid detection and identification of various microorganisms using inducible RNA. Methods for rapidly detecting microorganisms by detecting expression of inducible RNA of target genes following induction of a target gene using an inducer are described. Some embodiments describe methods and workflows for rapidly detecting microbes such as, but not limited to, 01-12-2012
20120034606DETECTION OF SALMONELLA ENTERICA SUBSPECIES ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS IN FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES, METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS THEREFOR - Embodiments of the disclosure relate to compositions of isolated nucleic acid sequences, methods, workflows and kits of use thereof for detection of 02-09-2012
20150045242DETECTION OF LISTERIA SPECIES IN FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES, METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF - Embodiments of the disclosure relate to isolated nucleic acid sequences, methods of use thereof, and workflows for detection of several 02-12-2015

Raghavan Balachandran, Wesford, PA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090036691ANALOGS OF DICODERMOLIDE AND DICTYOSTATIN-1, INTERMEDIATES THEREFOR AND METHODS OF SYNTHESIS THEREOF - A compound of the following structure:02-05-2009

Ram Balachandran, Plymouth, MN US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20140277379Stent - A stent comprising a steal body and a plurality of cells is disclosed. The stent body defines a length. Each cell includes two structural members extending in an undulating pattern. Each structural member includes a plurality of cell segments defining a plurality of nodes therebetween. At least one node includes a non-constant radius of curvature.09-18-2014

Ram Balachandran, Maple Grove, MN US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20140275913ACTIVE DETECTION OF SENSOR TRANSITION FROM COVERED TO EXPOSED - An introducer may comprise a shaft and a proximal electrode. The shaft may have a proximal end portion and an interior lumen, the interior lumen configured to receive a catheter therethrough. The proximal electrode may be coupled with the proximal end portion and may be configured to act as an electrical source or sink so as to create an electrical field within the interior lumen. A position of an electrode coupled with the catheter may be determined according to the electrical field.09-18-2014

Ram K. Balachandran, Maple Grove, MN US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20160045133Utilization of electrode spatial arrangements for characterizing cardiac conduction conditions - A system and method are provided for determining electrophysiological data. The system comprises an electronic control unit that is configured to receive electrical signals from a set of electrodes, receive position and orientation data for the set of electrodes from a mapping system, compensate for position and orientation artifacts of the set of electrodes, compose cliques of a subset of neighboring electrodes in the set of electrodes, determine catheter orientation independent information of a target tissue, and output the orientation independent information to a display. The method comprising receiving electrogram data for a set of electrodes (02-18-2016

Ram Kumar Balachandran, Maple Grove, MN US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20150223729SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ASSESSING DIMENSIONS AND ECCENTRICITY OF VALVE ANNULUS FOR TRANS-CATHETER VALVE IMPLANTATION - A system for detecting the dimensions and geometry of a native valve annulus for trans-catheter valve implantation includes a compliant balloon and a shaft within the balloon. One or more drive electrodes may be affixed to a surface of the balloon, and one or more sense electrodes may be affixed to the shaft. After insertion of the balloon into the native valve annulus, the drive electrodes may be energized with a predetermined voltage. Using a trained statistical model and the voltages measured at the sense electrodes, initial estimates of the cross-section of the valve annulus may be obtained. The initial estimates may then be provided to an optimization model of the valve annulus to obtain a highly accurate prediction of the cross-section of the valve annulus.08-13-2015

Subashini Balachandran, Sunnyvale, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090300321METHOD AND APPARATUS TO MINIMIZE METADATA IN DE-DUPLICATION - The invention provides a method for reducing identification of chunk portions in data de-duplication. The method includes detecting sequences of stored identification of chunk portions of at least one data object, indexing the detected stored identification of chunk portions based on a sequence type, encoding first repeated sequences of the stored identifications with a first encoding, encoding second repeated sequences of the stored identifications with a second encoding, and avoiding repeated stored identifications of chunk portions.12-03-2009
20090313248METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR BLOCK SIZE OPTIMIZATION IN DE-DUPLICATION - The invention provides a method and apparatus for determining sizing of chunk portions in data de-duplication. The method chunks input data into segments where each segment has a first size, assigns an identifier to each of the data segments, assigns an index to each of the identifiers, creates a suffix structure and a longest common prefix structure from the indexes, detects repeated sequences of indexes and non-repeated indexes from the suffix structure and the longest common prefix structure, determines a second size based on said detected repeated sequences and non-repeated indexes, and chunks the input data into a second plurality of data segments each having the second size.12-17-2009

Suhasini Balachandran, Wildwood, MO US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20150335183Smart Container - A method and apparatus for receiving an electronic signal in a smart container and notifying a user of the electronic signal comprises coupling an electronic receiver to the smart container and coupling a display panel to the electronic receiver are disclosed. Receiving the electronic signal by the electronic receiver from an electronic device transmitter, and digitally displaying the electronic signal on the display panel of the smart container to notify the user of the electronic signal are also disclosed.11-26-2015
20150335184Smart Container - A method and apparatus for coupling at least one electronic component to a smart container is disclosed. A fluid level indicator transducer coupled to the smart container for determining a level of fluid in the smart container and a hollow casing coupled to the smart container for storing at least one cigarette therein are also disclosed.11-26-2015
20150341302Smart Container - A method and apparatus for receiving a plurality of electronic signals in a smart container and notifying a user of the plurality of electronic signals comprises coupling an electronic receiver to the smart container, and coupling a display panel to the electronic receiver are disclosed. Receiving a electronic signal comprising an e-mail notification signal by the electronic receiver from an electronic device transmitter, and digitally displaying the first electronic signal on the display panel to notify the user of the first electronic signal are also disclosed.11-26-2015
20160091866SMART CLIP - A method and apparatus for receiving an expiry time in a smart clip and one of timing and counting down to the expiry time comprises coupling an electronic receiver to the smart clip and connecting a timer to the electronic receiver are disclosed. Receiving the expiry time by the electronic receiver, and one of timing and counting down to the expiry time by the timer are also disclosed. Other features and embodiments of the invention are also disclosed.03-31-2016

Suresh Balachandran, Cupertino, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20140280901AUTOMATICALLY DIAGNOSING AND RESOLVING WIRELESS NETWORK CONNECTIVITY ISSUES IN ELECTRONIC DEVICES - The disclosed embodiments relate to approaches for diagnosing and resolving wireless network connectivity issues on an electronic device. The system includes a tool for automatically diagnosing and resolving wireless network connectivity issues on the electronic device. The tool may monitor and manage the wireless network connection on the electronic device. If a lack of wireless network connectivity is detected on the electronic device, the tool may run a series of test cases associated with wireless network connectivity issues on the electronic device. The tool may then notify the user of the results of the test cases, provide recommendations associated with the results to the user, and/or log data associated with the test cases.09-18-2014

T. K. Balachandran, Raleigh, NC US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20150051935SCHEDULING FOR SERVICE PROJECTS VIA NEGOTIATION - Assignment scheduling for service projects, in one aspect, may comprise preparing input parameter data for servicing a client service request; generating a schedule for servicing the client service request by executing an optimization algorithm with the input parameter data; determining whether the schedule is acceptable by the client; and repeating automatically the preparing, the generating, the transmitting and the determining until it is determined that the schedule is acceptable by the client, wherein each iteration automatically prepares different input parameter data for inputting to the optimization algorithm and generates a different schedule based on the different input parameter data.02-19-2015
20150052182SCHEDULING FOR SERVICE PROJECTS VIA NEGOTIATION - Assignment scheduling for service projects, in one aspect, may comprise preparing input parameter data for servicing a client service request; generating a schedule for servicing the client service request by executing an optimization algorithm with the input parameter data; determining whether the schedule is acceptable by the client; and repeating automatically the preparing, the generating, the transmitting and the determining until it is determined that the schedule is acceptable by the client, wherein each iteration automatically prepares different input parameter data for inputting to the optimization algorithm and generates a different schedule based on the different input parameter data.02-19-2015

Uthamalingam Balachandran, Hinsdale, IL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100031822Hydrogen separation membrane on a porous substrate - A hydrogen permeable membrane is disclosed. The membrane is prepared by forming a mixture of metal oxide powder and ceramic oxide powder and a pore former into an article. The article is dried at elevated temperatures and then sintered in a reducing atmosphere to provide a dense hydrogen permeable portion near the surface of the sintered mixture. The dense hydrogen permeable portion has a higher initial concentration of metal than the remainder of the sintered mixture and is present in the range of from about 20 to about 80 percent by volume of the dense hydrogen permeable portion.02-11-2010

Patent applications by Uthamalingam Balachandran, Hinsdale, IL US

Uthamalingam Balachandran, Willowbrook, IL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100290961Hydrogen transport membranes for dehydrogenation reactions - A method of converting C11-18-2010
20100302706METHOD FOR FABRICATION OF CERAMIC DIELECTRIC FILMS ON COPPER FOILS - The present invention provides a method for fabricating a ceramic film on a copper foil. The method comprises applying a layer of a sol-gel composition onto a copper foil. The sol-gel composition comprises a precursor of a ceramic material suspended in 2-methoxyethanol. The layer of sol-gel is then dried at a temperature up to about 250° C. The dried layer is then pyrolyzed at a temperature in the range of about 300 to about 450° C. to form a ceramic film from the ceramic precursor. The ceramic film is then crystallized at a temperature in the range of about 600 to about 750° C. The drying, pyrolyzing and crystallizing are performed under a flowing stream of an inert gas. In some embodiments an additional layer of the sol-gel composition is applied onto the ceramic film and the drying, pyrolyzing and crystallizing steps are repeated for the additional layer to build up a thicker ceramic layer on the copper foil. The process can be repeated one or more times if desired.12-02-2010
20120257324MULTILAYER CAPACITORS, METHOD FOR MAKING MULTILAYER CAPACITORS - The invention provides a stacked capacitor configuration comprising subunits each with a thickness of as low as 20 microns. Also provided is combination capacitor and printed wire board wherein the capacitor is encapsulated by the wire board. The invented capacitors are applicable in micro-electronic applications and high power applications, whether it is AC to DC or DC to AC, or DC to DC.10-11-2012
20130071670METHOD FOR PRODUCING THIN FILM ELECTRODES - The invention provides for A method for producing pure phase strontium ruthenium oxide films, the method comprising solubilizing ruthenium-containing and strontium-containing compounds to create a mixture; subjecting the mixture to a first temperature above that necessary for forming RuO03-21-2013
20130081540LOW-COST METHOD FOR FABRICATING PALLADIUM AND PALLADIUM-ALLOY THIN FILMS ON POROUS SUPPORTS - A process for forming a palladium or palladium alloy membrane on a ceramic surface by forming a pre-colloid mixture comprising a powder palladium source, carrier fluid, dispersant and a pore former and a binder. Ultrasonically agitating the precolloid mixture and applying to a substrate with an ultrasonic nozzle and heat curing the coating form a palladium-based membrane.04-04-2013
20130084444METHOD FOR FABRICATION OF CRACK-FREE CERAMIC DIELECTRIC FILMS - The invention provides a process for forming crack-free dielectric films on a substrate. The process comprise the application of a dielectric precursor layer of a thickness from about 0.3 μm to about 1.0 μm to a substrate. The deposition is followed by low temperature heat pretreatment, prepyrolysis, pyrolysis and crystallization step for each layer. The deposition, heat pretreatment, prepyrolysis, pyrolysis and crystallization are repeated until the dielectric film forms an overall thickness of from about 1.5 μm to about 20.0 μm and providing a final crystallization treatment to form a thick dielectric film. Also provided was a thick crack-free dielectric film on a substrate, the dielectric forming a dense thick crack-free dielectric having an overall dielectric thickness of from about 1.5 μm to about 20.0 μm.04-04-2013
20130335882METHOD OF MAKING DIELECTRIC CAPACITORS WITH INCREASED DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN STRENGTH - The invention is directed to a process for making a dielectric ceramic film capacitor and the ceramic dielectric laminated capacitor formed therefrom, the dielectric ceramic film capacitors having increased dielectric breakdown strength. The invention increases breakdown strength by embedding a conductive oxide layer between electrode layers within the dielectric layer of the capacitors. The conductive oxide layer redistributes and dissipates charge, thus mitigating charge concentration and micro fractures formed within the dielectric by electric fields.12-19-2013
20140120736METHOD FOR FABRICATION OF CRACK-FREE CERAMIC DIELECTRIC FILMS - The invention provides a process for forming crack-free dielectric films on a substrate. The process comprises the application of a dielectric precursor layer of a thickness from about 0.3 μm to about 1.0 μm to a substrate. The deposition is followed by low temperature heat pretreatment, prepyrolysis, pyrolysis and crystallization step for each layer. The deposition, heat pretreatment, prepyrolysis, pyrolysis and crystallization are repeated until the dielectric film forms an overall thickness of from about 1.5 μm to about 20.0 μm and providing a final crystallization treatment to form a thick dielectric film. The process provides a thick crack-free dielectric film on a substrate, the dielectric forming a dense thick crack-free dielectric having an overall dielectric thickness of from about 1.5 μm to about 20.0 μm.05-01-2014
20150116894PLZT CAPACITOR ON GLASS SUBSTRATE - A lead-lanthanum-zirconium-titanate (PLZT) capacitor on a substrate formed of glass. The first metallization layer is deposited on a top side of the substrate to form a first electrode. The dielectric layer of PLZT is deposited over the first metallization layer. The second metallization layer deposited over the dielectric layer to form a second electrode. The glass substrate is advantageous as glass is compatible with an annealing process used to form the capacitor.04-30-2015
20150364257WOUND/STACKED CERAMIC FILM CAPACITORS, METHOD FOR MAKING CERAMIC FILM CAPACITORS - The invention provides a process for making ceramic film capacitors, the process comprising supplying a flexible substrate, depositing a first electrode on a first region of the flexible substrate, wherein the first electrode defines a first thickness, overlaying the first electrode with a dielectric film; and depositing a second electrode on the ceramic film, wherein the second electrode defines a second thickness. Also provided is a capacitor comprising flexible substrate, a first electrode deposited on said flexible substrate, a dielectric overlaying the first electrode; and a second electrode deposited on said dielectric.12-17-2015
20160027580PLZT Capacitor On Glass Substrate - A lead-lanthanum-zirconium-titanate (PLZT) capacitor on a substrate formed of glass. The first metallization layer is deposited on a top side of the substrate to form a first electrode. The dielectric layer of PLZT is deposited over the first metallization layer. The second metallization layer deposited over the dielectric layer to form a second electrode. The glass substrate is advantageous as glass is compatible with an annealing process used to form the capacitor.01-28-2016

Patent applications by Uthamalingam Balachandran, Willowbrook, IL US

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