Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080198545 | Open-frame solid-state drive housing with intrinsic grounding to protect exposed chips - An open-frame flash-memory drive has a printed-circuit board assembly (PCBA) with flash-memory chips, a controller chip, and a Serial AT-Attachment (SATA) connector soldered to it. The PCBA is only partially encased by left and right frames or by a U-shaped bracket frame. The frames have PCBA supports and guide posts that fit near edges of the PCBA. The frames do not cover the top and bottom of the PCBA, allowing chips on the PCBA to be ventilated by unblocked air flow. Screws that attach the PCBA to the frame have metal collars that ground the frame to the PCBA's ground plane. The screws form a current path to draw any electro-static-discharge (ESD) current off the frame and onto a PCBA ground. When the SATA connector is inserted into a host, the host ground sinks ESD currents collected by the open frame. | 08-21-2008 |
20080212297 | Flash Memory Device Assembly Using Adhesive - A flash memory device includes one or two panels that are attached solely by a thermal bond adhesive to either a frame or integrated circuits (e.g., flash memory devices) disposed on a PCBA. The frame is disposed around the PCBA and supports peripheral edges of the panels. The thermal bond adhesive is either heat-activated or heat-cured, and is applied to either the memory devices, the frame or the panels, and then compressed between the panels and flash memory devices/frame using a fixture. The fixture is then passed through an oven to activate/cure the adhesive. An optional insulating layer is disposed between the panels and the ICs. An optional conforming coating layer is formed over the ICs for preventing oxidation of integrated circuit leads or soldering area, covering or protecting extreme temperature exposure either cold or hot, and waterproofing for certain military or industrial applications. | 09-04-2008 |
20080218799 | Extended COB-USB With Dual-Personality Contacts - A dual-personality extended USB (EUSB) system supports both USB and EUSB memory cards using an extended 9-pin EUSB socket. Each EUSB memory card includes a PCBA having four standard USB metal contact pads disposed on an upper side of a PCB, and several extended purpose contact springs that extend through openings defined in the PCB. Passive components are mounted on a lower surface of the PCB using SMT methods, and IC dies are mounted using COB methods, and then the components and IC dies are covered by a plastic molded housing. The extended 9-pin EUSB socket includes standard USB contacts and extended use contacts that communicate with the PCBA through the standard USB metal contacts and the contact springs. The PCBA includes dual-personality electronics for USB and EUSB communications. | 09-11-2008 |
20080228984 | Single-Chip Multi-Media Card/Secure Digital (MMC/SD) Controller Reading Power-On Boot Code from Integrated Flash Memory for User Storage - A Multi-Media Card/Secure Digital (MMC/SD) single-chip flash device contains a MMC/SD flash microcontroller and flash mass storage blocks containing flash memory arrays that are block-addressable rather than randomly-addressable. MMC/SD transactions from a host MMC/SD bus are read by a bus transceiver on the MMC/SD flash microcontroller. Various routines that execute on a CPU in the MMC/SD flash microcontroller are activated in response to commands in the MMC/SD transactions. A flash-memory controller in the MMC/SD flash microcontroller transfers data from the bus transceiver to the flash mass storage blocks for storage. Rather than boot from an internal ROM coupled to the CPU, a boot loader is transferred by DMA from the first page of the flash mass storage block to an internal RAM. The flash memory is automatically read from the first page at power-on. The CPU then executes the boot loader from the internal RAM to load the control program. | 09-18-2008 |
20080232060 | Multi-Level Cell (MLC) Rotate Flash Memory Device - A portable USB device is described herein. According to one embodiment, a portable USB device includes a core unit having a USB plug connector coupled to one or more multi-level cell (MLC) flash memory devices and an MLC flash controller disposed therein. The device further includes a housing for enclosing the core unit. The device further includes a swivel cap having a top surface and a bottom surface by bending a flat panel into a U-shape block having an opening end, a close end, and two side-openings, where the top and bottom surfaces of the swivel cap include a rivet opening align with each other. The housing having the core unit therein is sandwiched by the swivel cap using a set of rivets through the rivet openings of the housings and the swivel cap. The core unit can be rotated with respect to the rivet set in and out of the swivel cap. | 09-25-2008 |
20080233798 | Multi-Level Cell (MLC) Slide Flash Memory - A portable USB device with an improved configuration is described herein. According to one embodiment, a portable USB device includes a core unit having a USB plug connector coupled to one or more multi-level cell (MLC) flash memory devices and an MLC flash controller disposed therein. The portable USB device further includes a housing for enclosing the core unit, including a front end opening to allow the USB plug connector to be deployed. The portable USB device further includes a core unit carrier for carrying the core unit for deploying and retracting the core unit, including a slide button to allow a finger of a user to slide the USB plug connector of the core unit in and out of the housing via the front end opening of the housing. | 09-25-2008 |
20080235443 | Intelligent Solid-State Non-Volatile Memory Device (NVMD) System With Multi-Level Caching of Multiple Channels - A flash memory system stores blocks of data in Non-Volatile Memory Devices (NVMD) that are addressed by a logical block address (LBA). The LBA is remapped for wear-leveling and bad-block relocation by the NVMD. The NVMD are interleaved in channels that are accessed by a NVMD controller. The NVMD controller has a controller cache that caches blocks stored in NVMD in that channel, while the NVMD also contain high-speed cache. The multiple levels of caching reduce access latency. Power is managed in multiple levels by a power controller in the NVMD controller that sets power policies for power managers inside the NVMD. Multiple NVMD controllers in the flash system may each controller many channels of NVMD. The flash system with NVMD may include a fingerprint reader for security. | 09-25-2008 |
20080235939 | Manufacturing Method For Micro-SD Flash Memory Card - A method for fabricating MicroSD devices includes forming a PCB panel having multiple PCB regions arranged in parallel rows. Passive components are attached by conventional surface mount technology (SMT) techniques. IC chips, including a MicroSD controller chip and a flash memory chip, are attached to the PCB by wire bonding or other chip-on-board (COB) technique. A molded layer is then formed over the IC chips and passive components using a mold that prevents formation of plastic on the upper surface of each PCB. The panel is then singulated using one of a laser cutting method, an abrasive water jet cutting method, and a mechanical grinding method such that the resulting PCB substrate and plastic housing have the width, height and length specified by MicroSD specifications. A front edge chamfer process is then performed. | 10-02-2008 |
20080250195 | Multi-Operation Write Aggregator Using a Page Buffer and a Scratch Flash Block in Each of Multiple Channels of a Large Array of Flash Memory to Reduce Block Wear - A flash system has multiple channels of flash memory chips that can be accessed in parallel. Host data is assigned to one of the channels by a multi-channel controller processor and accumulated in a multi-channel page buffer. When a page boundary in the page buffer is reached, the page buffer is written to a target physical block if full, or combined with old data fragments in an Aggregating Flash Block (AFB) when the logical-sector addresses (LSA's) match. Thus small fragments are aggregated using the AFB, reducing erases and wear of flash blocks. The page buffer is copied to the AFB when a STOP command occurs. Each channel has one or more AFB's, which are tracked by an AFB tracking table. | 10-09-2008 |
20080266816 | Light-Weight Solid State Drive With Rivet Sets - A Solid State Drive (SSD) device includes a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) defining rivet holes, and a support structure including parallel side frame rails defining rivet openings and support platforms for receiving and supporting the PCBA. Compression-mated rivet sets are used to connect the PCBA to the support structure, each rivet set including a female rivet portion and an associated male rivet portion. The PCBA is mounted onto the support structure such that the rivet holes are aligned with the rivet openings of the plurality of rivet openings, and then the rivet sets are mounted and secured using an automatic rivet tool such that each rivet set extends through an associated rivet hole/opening and fixedly engaged such that the PCBA and the support structure are held between end caps of the respective male and female rivet portions. | 10-30-2008 |
20080286990 | Direct Package Mold Process For Single Chip SD Flash Cards - A Secure Digital device including a PCBA having passive components mounted on a PCB using surface mount technology (SMT) techniques, and active components (e.g., controller and flash memory) mounted using chip-on-board (COB) techniques. The components are mounted only on one side of the PCB, and then a molded plastic casing is formed over both sides of the PCB such that the components are encased in the plastic, and a thin plastic layer is formed over the PCB surface opposite to the components. The molded plastic casing is formed to include openings that expose metal contacts provided on the PCB, and ribs that separate the openings. In one embodiment the metal contacts are formed on the same side as the thin plastic layer, and in an alternate embodiment the metal contacts are formed on a block that is mounted on the PCB during the SMT process. | 11-20-2008 |
20080313388 | ELECTRONIC DATA FLASH CARD WITH VARIOUS FLASH MEMORY CELLS - An electronic data flash card is accessible by a host computer, and includes a processing unit connected to a flash memory device that stores a data file, and an input-output interface circuit activated so as to establish a communication with the host computer. In an embodiment, the electronic data flash card uses a USB input/output interface circuit for communication with the host computer. A flash memory controller includes an index for converting logical addresses sent by the host computer into physical addresses associated with sectors of the flash memory device. The index is controlled by arbitration logic referencing to values from various look up tables and valid data stored in the flash memory device. The flash memory controller further includes a first-in-first-out unit (FIFO) for recycling obsolete sectors of the flash memory device in the background process so that they are available for reprogramming. | 12-18-2008 |
20080313389 | ELECTRONIC DATA FLASH CARD WITH VARIOUS FLASH MEMORY CELLS - An electronic data flash card is accessible by a host computer, and includes a processing unit connected to a flash memory device that stores a data file, and an input-output interface circuit activated so as to establish a communication with the host computer. In an embodiment, the electronic data flash card uses a USB input/output interface circuit for communication with the host computer. A flash memory controller includes an index for converting logical addresses sent by the host computer into physical addresses associated with sectors of the flash memory device. The index is controlled by arbitration logic referencing to values from various look up tables and valid data stored in the flash memory device. The flash memory controller further includes a first-in-first-out unit (FIFO) for recycling obsolete sectors of the flash memory device in the background process so that they are available for reprogramming. | 12-18-2008 |
20080320214 | Multi-Level Controller with Smart Storage Transfer Manager for Interleaving Multiple Single-Chip Flash Memory Devices - A solid-state disk (SSD) has a smart storage switch with a smart storage transaction manager that re-orders host commands for accessing downstream single-chip flash-memory devices. Each single-chip flash-memory device has a lower-level controller that converts logical block addresses (LBA) to physical block addresses (PBA) that access flash memory blocks in the single-chip flash-memory device. Wear-leveling and bad block remapping are preformed by each single-chip flash-memory device, and at a higher level by a virtual storage processor in the smart storage switch. Virtual storage bridges between the smart storage transaction manager and the single-chip flash-memory devices bridge LBA transactions over LBA buses to the single-chip flash-memory devices. Data striping and interleaving among multiple channels of the single-chip flash-memory device is controlled at a high level by the smart storage transaction manager, while further interleaving and remapping may be performed within each single-chip flash-memory device. | 12-25-2008 |
20090037652 | Command Queuing Smart Storage Transfer Manager for Striping Data to Raw-NAND Flash Modules - A flash module has raw-NAND flash memory chips accessed over a physical-block address (PBA) bus by a NVM controller. The NVM controller is on the flash module or on a system board for a solid-state disk (SSD). The NVM controller converts logical block addresses (LBA) to physical block addresses (PBA). Data striping and interleaving among multiple channels of the flash modules is controlled at a high level by a smart storage transaction manager, while further interleaving and remapping within a channel may be performed by the NVM controllers. A SDRAM buffer is used by a smart storage switch to cache host data before writing to flash memory. A Q-R pointer table stores quotients and remainders of division of the host address. The remainder points to a location of the host data in the SDRAM. A command queue stores Q, R for host commands. | 02-05-2009 |
20090093136 | Single Shot Molding Method For COB USB/EUSB Devices With Contact Pad Ribs - A dual-personality extended USB (EUSB) system supports both USB and EUSB memory cards using an extended 9-pin EUSB socket. Each EUSB device 101 includes a PCBA having four standard USB metal contact pads disposed on an upper side of a PCB, and several extended purpose contact springs that extend through openings defined in the PCB. A single-shot molding process is used to form both an upper housing portion on the upper PCB surface that includes ribs extending between adjacent contact pads, and a lower molded housing portion that is formed over passive components and IC dies disposed on the lower PCB surface. The passive components are mounted using SMT methods, and the IC dies are mounted using COB methods. The extended 9-pin EUSB socket includes standard USB contacts and extended use contacts that communicate with the PCBA through the standard USB metal contacts and the contact springs. | 04-09-2009 |
20090100295 | RELIABLE MEMORY MODULE TESTING AND MANUFACTURING METHOD - A method of testing memory modules comprising jumping through all addressable memory blocks a first and second time is disclosed. Each jumped-to address is determined by first XORing the last two bits of the previous address, and then XORing the first result with a bit representation of the previous jump direction for a second result. The second result determines the direction of the next jump, either upwards or downwards. Each jumped-to address is XORed with its contents, and the result is written to the address. For initially empty and defect-free memory, this results in all 1 values written for the first time jumping, and all 0 values written for the second time jumping. Finally, after the second time jumping, all addressable memory values are checked, and any non-0 value addresses are identified as defective memory cells. | 04-16-2009 |
20090113121 | Swappable Sets of Partial-Mapping Tables in a Flash-Memory System With A Command Queue for Combining Flash Writes - A flash controller has a flash interface accessing physical blocks of multi-level-cell (MLC) flash memory. An Extended Universal-Serial-Bus (EUSB) interface loads host commands into a command queue where writes are re-ordered and combined to reduce flash writes. A partial logical-to-physical L2P mapping table in a RAM has entries for only 1 of N sets of L2P mapping tables. The other N−1 sets are stored in flash memory and fetched into the RAM when a L2P table miss occurs. The RAM required for mapping is greatly reduced. A data buffer stores one page of host write data. Sector writes are merged using the data buffer. The data buffer is flushed to flash when a different page is written, while the partial logical-to-physical mapping table is flushed to flash when a L2P table miss occurs, when the host address is to a different one of the N sets of L2P mapping tables. | 04-30-2009 |
20090177835 | Flash Drive With Spring-Loaded Retractable Connector - A pen-type computer peripheral device includes an elongated housing containing a PCBA having a plug connector. The PCBA is secured to a positioning member that is actuated by way of a press-push button that is exposed through a slot defined in a wall of the housing. A spring-loaded mechanism includes a spring and a locking mechanism that locks the connector in a retracted position and a deployed position, and the spring biases the connector from the retracted position to the deployed position, or vice versa. | 07-09-2009 |
20090190277 | ESD Protection For USB Memory Devices - ESD protection for a portable electronic device is provided by sandwiching a metal ground layer between prepreg (i.e., FR4 or other non-conductive PCB material) layers to form an ESD preventive PCB structure, where the metal ground layer is electrically connected to one or more of the integrated circuit (IC) components (e.g., at least one controller die, a non-volatile memory die, oscillator and passive components) that are mounted on the PCB by way of conductive via structures, and is accessible by way of one or more conductive anchor hole structures to external grounding structures. The one or more conductive anchor hole structures are positioned such that the metal ground layer is automatically electrically connected to the chassis ground of a host system when the portable device is coupled to a plug structure of the host system, e.g., by way of a metal connector jacket. | 07-30-2009 |
20090193184 | Hybrid 2-Level Mapping Tables for Hybrid Block- and Page-Mode Flash-Memory System - A hybrid solid-state disk (SSD) has multi-level-cell (MLC) or single-level-cell (SLC) flash memory, or both. SLC flash may be emulated by MLC that uses fewer cell states. A NVM controller converts logical block addresses (LBA) to physical block addresses (PBA). Most data is block-mapped and stored in MLC flash, but some critical or high-frequency data is page-mapped to reduce block-relocation copying. A hybrid mapping table has a first-level and a second level. Only the first level is used for block-mapped data, but both levels are used for page-mapped data. The first level contains a block-page bit that indicates if the data is block-mapped or page-mapped. A PBA field in the first-level table maps block-mapped data, while a virtual field points to the second-level table where the PBA and page number is stored for page-mapped data. Page-mapped data is identified by a frequency counter or sector count. SRAM space is reduced. | 07-30-2009 |
20090194616 | Sporoderm-Broken Polypore Production - A cryogenic grinding mill for grinding organic base material pieces into sub-micron-sized powder particles. An upper grinding block is rotated relative to a stationary lower grinding block by a motor, and is maintained at a temperature below −150° C. by a cryogenic system including an annular liquid nitrogen chamber disposed around the grinding blocks. The upper grinding block defines a trench for receiving base material pieces fed by a feed system, and includes through-holes that extend from the trench to a grinding region formed between the grinding surfaces of the upper and lower blocks. When the upper grinding block is rotated, the base material pieces are gravity-fed from the trench to the grinding region, and ground powder material is forced to a peripheral edge of the grinding region. The powder material is then filtered, and particles having an undesirably large size are fed back into the trench for re-grinding. | 08-06-2009 |
20090203168 | Manufacturing Method for a Secure-Digital (SD) Flash Card with Slanted Asymmetric Circuit Board - A flash-memory device has a printed-circuit board assembly (PCBA) with a PCB with a flash-memory chip and a controller chip. The controller chip includes an input/output interface circuit to an external computer over a Secure-Digital (SD) interface, and a processing unit to read blocks of data from the flash-memory chip. The PCBA is encased inside an upper case and a lower case, with SD contact pads on the PCB that fit through contact openings in the upper case. Supporting end ribs under each of the SD contact pads and middle ribs support the PCB at a slanted angle to the centerline of the device. The PCB slants upward at the far end to allow more thickness for the chips mounted to the bottom surface of the PCB, and slants downward at the insertion end to position the SD contact pads near the centerline. | 08-13-2009 |
20090204732 | Single-Chip Multi-Media Card/Secure Digital (MMC/SD) Controller Reading Power-On Boot Code from Integrated Flash Memory for User Storage - A Multi-Media Card/Secure Digital (MMC/SD) single-chip flash device contains a MMC/SD flash microcontroller and flash mass storage blocks containing flash memory arrays that are block-addressable rather than randomly-addressable. MMC/SD transactions from a host MMC/SD bus are read by a bus transceiver on the MMC/SD flash microcontroller. Various routines that execute on a CPU in the MMC/SD flash microcontroller are activated in response to commands in the MMC/SD transactions. A flash-memory controller in the MMC/SD flash microcontroller transfers data from the bus transceiver to the flash mass storage blocks for storage. Rather than boot from an internal ROM coupled to the CPU, a boot loader is transferred by DMA from the first page of the flash mass storage block to an internal RAM. The flash memory is automatically read from the first page at power-on. The CPU then executes the boot loader from the internal RAM to load the control program. | 08-13-2009 |
20090204872 | Command Queuing Smart Storage Transfer Manager for Striping Data to Raw-NAND Flash Modules - A flash module has raw-NAND flash memory chips accessed over a physical-block address (PBA) bus by a NVM controller. The NVM controller is on the flash module or on a system board for a solid-state disk (SSD). The NVM controller converts logical block addresses (LBA) to physical block addresses (PBA). Data striping and interleaving among multiple channels of the flash modules is controlled at a high level by a smart storage transaction manager, while further interleaving and remapping within a channel may be performed by the NVM controllers. A SDRAM buffer is used by a smart storage switch to cache host data before writing to flash memory. A Q-R pointer table stores quotients and remainders of division of the host address. The remainder points to a location of the host data in the SDRAM. A command queue stores Q, R for host commands. | 08-13-2009 |
20090240865 | Dual-Mode Switch for Multi-Media Card/Secure Digital (MMC/SD) Controller Reading Power-On Boot Code from Integrated Flash Memory for User Storage - A Multi-Media Card/Secure Digital (MMC/SD) single-chip flash device contains a MMC/SD flash microcontroller and flash mass storage blocks containing flash memory arrays that are block-addressable rather than randomly-addressable. MMC/SD transactions from a host MMC/SD bus are read by a bus transceiver on the MMC/SD flash microcontroller. Various routines that execute on a CPU in the MMC/SD flash microcontroller are activated in response to commands in the MMC/SD transactions. A flash-memory controller in the MMC/SD flash microcontroller transfers data from the bus transceiver to the flash mass storage blocks for storage. Rather than boot from an internal ROM coupled to the CPU, a boot loader is transferred by DMA from the first page of the flash mass storage block to an internal RAM. The flash memory is automatically read from the first page at power-on. The CPU then executes the boot loader from the internal RAM to load the control program. | 09-24-2009 |
20090240873 | Multi-Level Striping and Truncation Channel-Equalization for Flash-Memory System - Truncation reduces the available striped data capacity of all flash channels to the capacity of the smallest flash channel. A solid-state disk (SSD) has a smart storage switch salvages flash storage removed from the striped data capacity by truncation. Extra storage beyond the striped data capacity is accessed as scattered data that is not striped. The size of the striped data capacity is reduced over time as more bad blocks appear. A first-level striping map stores striped and scattered capacities of all flash channels and maps scattered and striped data. Each flash channel has a Non-Volatile Memory Device (NVMD) with a lower-level controller that converts logical block addresses (LBA) to physical block addresses (PBA) that access flash memory in the NVMD. Wear-leveling and bad block remapping are preformed by each NVMD. Source and shadow flash blocks are recycled by the NVMD. Two levels of smart storage switches enable three-level controllers. | 09-24-2009 |
20090258516 | USB Device With Connected Cap - A USB device including a housing and a protective cap that are slidably and/or pivotably connected together such that the protective cap is able to slide and/or pivot between an open position, in which a plug connector extending from the front of the housing is exposed for operable coupling to a host system, and a closed position, in which the protective cap is disposed over the front end portion of the housing to protect the plug connector. A pivoting/sliding mechanism is provided on the housing and cap that secures the protective cap to the housing at all times, including during transitional movements of the protective cap between the opened and closed positions. | 10-15-2009 |
20090273096 | High Density Memory Device Manufacturing Using Isolated Step Pads - An electronic device includes multiple IC dies stacked in an offset stacking arrangement on a substrate. Each IC die includes electrically isolated step pads that facilitates transmitting a dedicated signal between a (beginning) substrate bonding pad and a selected (terminal) contact pad of any die by way of short bonding wires that extend up the stack between the electrically isolated step pads. A memory devices includes stacked memory IC die, wherein “shared” signal transmission paths are formed by associated bonding wires that link corresponding contact pads of each memory die, and dedicated select/control signals are transmitted to each memory die by separate transmission paths formed in part by associated electrically isolated step pads. Substrate space overhung by the stack is used for passive components and IC dies. Memory controller die may be mounted on the stack and connected by dedicated transmission paths utilizing the electrically isolated step pads. | 11-05-2009 |
20090275224 | Lipstick-Type USB Device - A USB device including a housing and a rear cap that is rotatably connected to the housing to facilitate deploying and retracting a plug connector through a front opening of the housing. The plug connector is fixedly connected onto the front end of a sliding rack assembly that is disposed in housing such that the sliding rack assembly is slidable along a longitudinal axis. The sliding rack assembly includes a carrier including a carrier tray for supporting electronic devices and an elongated positioning rod extending from a rear portion of the carrier tray. The positioning rod is operably engaged with an actuator portion such that manual rotation of the rear cap relative to the housing around the longitudinal axis causes the sliding rack assembly to slide inside the housing between retracted and deployed positions. | 11-05-2009 |
20090316368 | USB Package With Bistable Sliding Mechanism - A USB device including a bistable mechanism that serves to bias a plug connector into one of two stable states, where the first stable state is associated with a retracted position in which the plug connector is fully retracted inside a housing, and the second stable state is associated with a deployed position in which the plug connector extends through the front opening for coupling to a host system. Movement of the plug connector form the retracted to the deployed position is performed by manually applying a force to a handle portion that protrudes through a slot defined in the housing. The bistable mechanism resists the deploying force until an equilibrium point is reach, after which the bistable mechanism releases stored potential energy to complete the deploying process and to maintain the plug connector is the deployed position. | 12-24-2009 |
20100000655 | Memory Module Assembly Including Heat Sink Attached To Integrated Circuits By Adhesive And Clips - A memory module assembly includes two-plate heat sink attached to one or more of the integrated circuits (e.g., memory devices) of a memory module PCBA by adhesive. The adhesive is either heat-activated or heat-cured. The adhesive is applied to either the memory devices or the heat-sink plates, and then compressed between the heat-sink plates and memory module using a fixture. The fixture is then passed through an oven to activate/cure the adhesive. The two heat sink plates are then secured by a clip to form a rigid frame. | 01-07-2010 |
20100023682 | Flash-Memory System with Enhanced Smart-Storage Switch and Packed Meta-Data Cache for Mitigating Write Amplification by Delaying and Merging Writes until a Host Read - A flash memory solid-state-drive (SSD) has a smart storage switch that reduces write acceleration that occurs when more data is written to flash memory than is received from the host. Page mapping rather than block mapping reduces write acceleration. Host commands are loaded into a Logical-Block-Address (LBA) range FIFO. Entries are sub-divided and portions invalidated when a new command overlaps an older command in the FIFO. Host data is aligned to page boundaries with pre- and post-fetched data filling in to the boundaries. Repeated data patterns are detected and encoded by compressed meta-data codes that are stored in meta-pattern entries in a meta-pattern cache of a meta-pattern flash block. The sector data is not written to flash. The meta-pattern entries are located using a meta-data mapping table. Storing host CRC's for comparison to incoming host data can detect identical data writes that can be skipped, avoiding a write to flash. | 01-28-2010 |
20100030961 | FLASH MEMORY CONTROLLER FOR ELECTRONIC DATA FLASH CARD - An electronic data flash card is accessible by a host computer, and includes a processing unit connected to a flash memory device that stores a data file, and an input-output interface circuit activated so as to establish a communication with the host computer. In an embodiment, the electronic data flash card uses a USB input/output interface circuit for communication with the host computer. A flash memory controller includes an index for converting logical addresses sent by the host computer into physical addresses associated with sectors of the flash memory device. The index is controlled by arbitration logic referencing to values from various look up tables and valid data stored in the flash memory device. The flash memory controller further includes a first-in-first-out unit (FIFO) for recycling obsolete sectors of the flash memory device in the background process so that they are available for reprogramming. | 02-04-2010 |
20100039225 | SLIDE FLASH MEMORY DEVICES - A portable USB device with an improved configuration is described herein. According to one embodiment, a portable USB device includes a core unit having a USB plug connector coupled to one or more flash memory devices and a flash controller disposed therein, where the flash controller is capable of exchanging data with a host via the USB plug connector using a bulk-only-transfer protocol. The portable USB device further includes a housing for enclosing the core unit, including a front end opening to allow the USB plug connector to be deployed. The portable USB device further includes a core unit carrier for carrying the core unit for deploying and retracting the core unit, including a slide button to allow a finger of a user to slide the USB plug connector of the core unit in and out of the housing via the front end opening of the housing. | 02-18-2010 |
20100075517 | Flash Drive With Spring-Loaded Swivel Connector - A swivel-type computer peripheral device includes a housing and a swivel rack assembly that swivels relative to the housing between a retracted position, in which a PCBA having a plug connector mounted on the swivel rack assembly is disposed inside the housing, and a deployed position, in which the swivel rack assembly is rotated outside of the housing such that the plug connector is positioned for insertion into a host computer socket. A torsion spring is connected between the housing and the swivel rack assembly and arranged to bias the swivel rack assembly either into the deployed position or into the retracted position. A locking mechanism controlled by a push button or another actuating mechanism is used to selectively lock the swinging rack in a retracted position and a deployed position. | 03-25-2010 |
20100082892 | Flash Memory Controller For Electronic Data Flash Card - An electronic data flash card is accessible by a host computer, and includes a processing unit connected to a flash memory device that stores a data file, and an input— output interface circuit activated so as to establish a communication with the host computer. In an embodiment, the electronic data flash card uses a USB input/output interface circuit for communication with the host computer. A flash memory controller includes an index for converting logical addresses sent by the host computer into physical addresses associated with sectors of the flash memory device. The index is controlled by arbitration logic referencing to values from various look up tables and valid data stored in the flash memory device. The flash memory controller further includes a first-in-first-out unit (FIFO) for recycling obsolete sectors of the flash memory device in the background process so that they are available for reprogramming. | 04-01-2010 |
20100082893 | Flash Memory Controller For Electronic Data Flash Card - An electronic data flash card is accessible by a host computer, and includes a processing unit connected to a flash memory device that stores a data file, and an input-output interface circuit activated so as to establish a communication with the host computer. In an embodiment, the electronic data flash card uses a USB input/output interface circuit for communication with the host computer. A flash memory controller includes an index for converting logical addresses sent by the host computer into physical addresses associated with sectors of the flash memory device. The index is controlled by arbitration logic referencing to values from various look up tables and valid data stored in the flash memory device. The flash memory controller further includes a first-in-first-out unit (FIFO) for recycling obsolete sectors of the flash memory device in the background process so that they are available for reprogramming. | 04-01-2010 |
20100105251 | Micro-SD To Secure Digital Adaptor Card And Manufacturing Method - A microSD-to-SD adaptor card includes a base substrate having a lead frame structure, a protective cap forming a chamber that encloses eight microSD contact pins of the lead frame structure, and a thermoset plastic casing formed over the protective cap and exposed portions of the base substrate to provide the adaptor card with standard SD card dimensions. A rear opening facilitates insertion of a standard microSD card, whereby the eight contact pads on the microSD card are contacted by the eight microSD contact pins inside the chamber to allow electrical signals generated by the microSD card to be transmitted to a host system by way of a standard SD socket. A grip anchor pin is disposed inside the chamber to engage a grip notch disposed on the microSD card. A pre-molded switch slot is provided on the molded plastic casing, and an insert-in write protect switch is mounted after molding. | 04-29-2010 |
20100110647 | Molded Memory Card With Write Protection Switch Assembly - A Secure Digital device including a PCBA having passive components mounted on a PCB using surface mount technology (SMT) techniques, and active components (e.g., controller and flash memory) mounted using chip-on-board (COB) techniques. The components are mounted only on one side of the PCB, and then a molded plastic casing is formed over both sides of the PCB such that the components are encased in the plastic, and a thin plastic layer is formed over the PCB surface opposite to the components. The molded plastic casing is formed to include openings that expose metal contacts provided on the PCB, and ribs that separate the openings. The molded plastic casing defines a pre-molded switch slot that facilitates an insert-in switch assembly process for mounting a write protect switch. The write protect switch includes a movable switch button engaged in the switch slot, and a switch cap secured over the switch slot. | 05-06-2010 |
20100122021 | USB-Attached-SCSI Flash-Memory System with Additional Command, Status, and Control Pipes to a Smart-Storage Switch - An electronic flash-memory card has additional pipes for commands and status messages so that data pipes are not clogged with commands and status messages, allowing for a higher data throughput. The command and status pipes are activated when a UAS/BOT detector detects that a host is using a USB-Attached-SCSI (UAS) mode rather than a Bulk-Only-Transfer (BOT) mode. The host can send additional commands and data without waiting for completion of a prior command when operating in UAS mode but not while operating in BOT mode. A command queue (CQ) in the device re-orders commands for accessing flash memory and merges data in a RAM buffer. Smaller 1 KB USB packets in the data pipes are merged into larger 8 KB payloads in the RAM buffer, allowing for more efficient flash access. | 05-13-2010 |
20100248512 | USB Device With Connected Cap - A USB device including a housing and a protective cap that are slidably and/or pivotably connected together such that the protective cap is able to slide and/or pivot between an open position, in which a plug connector extending from the front of the housing is exposed for operable coupling to a host system, and a closed position, in which the protective cap is disposed over the front end portion of the housing to protect the plug connector. A pivoting/sliding mechanism is provided on the housing and cap that secures the protective cap to the housing at all times, including during transitional movements of the protective cap between the opened and closed positions. | 09-30-2010 |
20100275037 | Low-Power USB SuperSpeed Device with 8-bit Payload and 9-bit Frame NRZI Encoding for Replacing 8/10-bit Encoding - A Low-power flash-memory device uses a modified Universal-Serial-Bus (USB) 3.0 Protocol to reduce power consumption. The bit clock is slowed to reduce power and the need for pre-emphasis when USB cable lengths are short in applications. Data efficiency is improved by eliminating the 8/10-bit encoder and instead encoding sync and framing bytes as 9-bit symbols. Data bytes are expanded by bit stuffing only when a series of six ones occurs in the data. Header and payload data is transmitted as nearly 8-bits per data byte while framing is 9-bits per symbol, much less than the standard 10 bits per byte. Low-power link layers, physical layers, and scaled-down protocol layers are used. A card reader converter hub allows USB hosts to access low-power USB devices. Only one flash device is accessed, reducing power compared with standard USB broadcasting to multiple devices. | 10-28-2010 |
20100281209 | Press-Push Flash Drive Apparatus With Metal Tubular Casing And Snap-Coupled Plastic Sleeve - A press-push type computer peripheral “flash drive” device includes an elongated (e.g., metal) tubular casing containing a PCBA having a plug connector. A plastic housing assembly includes front and rear cap portions mounted over the open ends of the tubular casing, and a fixed plastic sleeve portion disposed in the tubular casing. The PCBA is secured to a plastic sliding rack structure that is disposed in the tubular casing and includes an actuating button protruding through a slot formed in a wall of the tubular casing. When the actuating button is manually pushed and slid along the slot, a portion of the sliding rack structure slides against the plastic sleeve portion in deploying and retracting the USB connector out of the device. | 11-04-2010 |
20110003514 | DUAL-PERSONALITY EXTENDED USB PLUGS AND RECEPTACLES USING WITH PCBA AND CABLE ASSEMBLY - An extended USB plug connector includes a connector substrate including a frontend having a first set of electrical contact pins disposed thereon and a backend having a second set of electrical contact pins disposed thereon. The first set includes a first row of electrical contact pins disposed on a top surface of the connector substrate and a second row of electrical contact pins disposed in parallel with the first row of electrical contact pins and interior to the first row of electrical contact pins, where the second row includes more electrical contact pins than the first row. The second set of electrical contact pins includes a number of electrical contact pins equal to the first row and second row of electrical contact pins in total. The second set of electrical contact pins are used to connect to corresponding electrical contact pads disposed on a printed circuit board assembly having a USB controller and flash memory devices disposed thereon. | 01-06-2011 |
20110016267 | Low-Power USB Flash Card Reader Using Bulk-Pipe Streaming with UAS Command Re-Ordering and Channel Separation - A flash-card reader improves transmission efficiency by using bulk streaming of multiple pipes. A bulk data-out pipe carries host write data to the card reader and can operate in parallel with a bulk data-in pipe that carries host read data that was read from a flash card attached to the card reader. Status packets do not block data packets since the he status packets are buffered through a separate status pipe, and commands are buffered through a command pipe. Flash data from multiple flash cards are interleaved as separate endpoints that share the bulk data-in pipe. A data in/out streaming state machine controls streaming bulk data through the bulk data-in and data-out pipes, while a status streaming state machine controls streaming status packets through the status pipe. Transaction overhead is reduced using bulk streaming where packets for several commands are combined into the same bulk streams. | 01-20-2011 |
20110059636 | Lipstick-Type USB Device With Tubular Housing - A USB device including a tubular housing and a rear cap assembly including a handle structure that is rotatably connected to the tubular housing to facilitate deploying and retracting a plug connector through a front opening of the housing. The plug connector is fixedly connected onto the front end of a sliding rack assembly that is disposed in housing such that the sliding rack assembly is slidable along a longitudinal axis. The sliding rack assembly includes a carrier including a carrier tray for supporting electronic devices and an elongated positioning rod extending from a rear portion of the carrier tray. The positioning rod is operably engaged with an actuator portion such that manual rotation of the rear cap handle structure relative to the housing around the longitudinal axis causes the sliding rack assembly to slide inside the housing between retracted and deployed positions. | 03-10-2011 |
20110066837 | Single-Chip Flash Device with Boot Code Transfer Capability - A Multi-Media Card (MMC) Single-Chip Flash Device (SCFD) contains a MMC flash microcontroller and flash mass storage blocks containing flash memory arrays that are block-addressable rather than randomly-addressable. An initial boot loader is read from the first page of flash by a state machine and written to a small RAM. A central processing unit (CPU) in the microcontroller reads instructions from the small RAM, executing the initial boot loader, which reads more pages from flash. These pages are buffered by the small RAM and written to a larger DRAM. Once an extended boot sequence is written to DRAM, the CPU toggles a RAM_BASE bit to cause instruction fetching from DRAM. Then the extended boot sequence is executed from DRAM, copying an OS image from flash to DRAM. Boot code and control code are selectively overwritten during a code updating operation to eliminate stocking issues. | 03-17-2011 |
20110066920 | Single-Chip Multi-Media Card/Secure Digital (MMC/SD) Controller Reading Power-On Boot Code from Integrated Flash Memory for User Storage - A Multi-Media Card/Secure Digital (MMC/SD) single-chip flash device contains a MMC/SD flash microcontroller and flash mass storage blocks containing flash memory arrays that are block-addressable rather than randomly-addressable. MMC/SD transactions from a host MMC/SD bus are read by a bus transceiver on the MMC/SD flash microcontroller. Various routines that execute on a CPU in the MMC/SD flash microcontroller are activated in response to commands in the MMC/SD transactions. A flash-memory controller in the MMC/SD flash microcontroller transfers data from the bus transceiver to the flash mass storage blocks for storage. Rather than boot from an internal ROM coupled to the CPU, a boot loader is transferred by DMA from the first page of the flash mass storage block to an internal RAM. The flash memory is automatically read from the first page at power-on. The CPU then executes the boot loader from the internal RAM to load the control program. | 03-17-2011 |
20110213921 | Command Queuing Smart Storage Transfer Manager for Striping Data to Raw-NAND Flash Modules - A flash module has raw-NAND flash memory chips accessed over a physical-block address (PBA) bus by a NVM controller. The NVM controller is on the flash module or on a system board for a solid-state disk (SSD). The NVM controller converts logical block addresses (LBA) to physical block addresses (PBA). Data striping and interleaving among multiple channels of the flash modules is controlled at a high level by a smart storage transaction manager, while further interleaving and remapping within a channel may be performed by the NVM controllers. A SDRAM buffer is used by a smart storage switch to cache host data before writing to flash memory. A Q-R pointer table stores quotients and remainders of division of the host address. The remainder points to a location of the host data in the SDRAM. A command queue stores Q, R for host commands. | 09-01-2011 |
20110237099 | Flash Drive With Swivel Cover - A swivel-type portable flash device includes a C-shaped swivel cover that rotates (swivels) relative to a housing between an open position in which a plug connector is exposed for insertion in a host system, and a closed position in which the plug connector is covered and protected by the swivel cover. The swivel cover is permanently rotatably connected to the housing by way of ring-shaped protrusions that are movably engaged inside corresponding recessed ring-shaped grooves formed in upper/lower walls of the housing, whereby the swivel cover is manually rotatable relative to the housing between the opened and closed positions. The swivel cover also includes locking structures (e.g., locking notches) disposed on the ring-shaped protrusions, and the housing includes second locking structures disposed in the recessed ring-shaped grooves, where the first locking structures operably engage the second locking structures to prevent rotation of the swivel cover when the plug connector is in the closed position. | 09-29-2011 |
20110300724 | EXTENDED USB PLUG, USB PCBA, AND USB FLASH DRIVE WITH DUAL-PERSONALITY FOR EMBEDDED APPLICATION WITH MOTHER BOARDS - An extended universal serial bus (USB) storage device is described herein. According to one embodiment, an extended USB storage device includes a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) having a flash memory device and a flash controller mounted thereon, and an extended USB connector plug coupled to the PCBA for providing a USB compatible interface between an external device and the flash memory device and the flash controller, wherein the extended USB connector plug includes a first end used to couple to the external device and a second end coupled to the flash memory device and the flash controller. The extended USB connector plug includes multiple communication interfaces. Other methods and apparatuses are also described. | 12-08-2011 |
20110302358 | Flash-Memory Device with RAID-type Controller - A smart flash drive has one or more levels of smart storage switches and a lower level of single-chip flash devices (SCFD's). A SCFD contains flash memory and controllers that perform low-level bad-block mapping and wear-leveling and logical-to-physical block mapping. The SCFD report their capacity, arrangement, and maximum wear-level count (WLC) and bad block number (BBN) to the upstream smart storage switch, which stores this information in a structure register. The smart storage switch selects the SCFD with the maximum BBN as the target and the SCFD with the lowest maximum WLC as the source of a swap for wear leveling when a WLC exceeds a threshold that rises over time. A top-level smart storage switch receives consolidated capacity, arrangement, WLC, and BBN information from lower-level smart storage switch. Data is striped and optionally scrambled by Redundant Array of Individual Disks (RAID) controllers in all levels of smart storage switches. | 12-08-2011 |
20120026661 | USB Flash Drive With Deploying And Retracting Functionalities Using Retractable Cover/Cap - A pen-type computer peripheral device includes an elongated housing containing a PCBA having a plug connector, and cap/cover that is slidably connected to a front portion of the housing. Locking structures are respectively integrally molded onto opposing surfaces of the housing and cap/cover that cooperate to prevent separation of the cap/cover from the housing. By manually pushing (sliding) the cap/cover relative to the housing, the plug connector is effectively moved between a retracted position, in which the plug connector is disposed inside the cap/cover, and a deployed position in which the plug connector extends through a front housing opening of the cap/cover such that the plug connector is operably exposed for insertion into a host system. | 02-02-2012 |
20120030943 | Single Shot Molding Method For COB USB/EUSB Devices With Contact Pad Ribs - A dual-personality extended USB (EUSB) system supports both USB and EUSB memory cards using an extended 9-pin EUSB socket. Each EUSB device | 02-09-2012 |
20120042120 | BACKWARD COMPATIBLE EXTENDED USB PLUG AND RECEPTACLE WITH DUAL PERSONALITY - An extended Universal-Serial-Bus (USB) connector plug and socket each have a pin substrate with one surface that supports the four metal contact pins for the standard USB interface. An extension of the pin substrate carries another 8 extension metal contact pins that mate when both the connector plug and socket are extended. The extension can be an increased length of the plug's and socket's pin substrate or a reverse side of the substrate. Standard USB connectors do not make contact with the extension metal contacts that are recessed, retracted by a mechanical switch, or on the extension of the socket's pin substrate that a standard USB connector cannot reach. Standard USB sockets do not make contact with the extension metal contacts because the extended connector's extension contacts are recessed, or on the extension of the connector pin substrate that does not fit inside a standard USB socket. | 02-16-2012 |
20120278543 | Flash-Memory Device with RAID-type Controller - A smart flash drive has one or more levels of smart storage switches and a lower level of single-chip flash devices (SCFD's). A SCFD contains flash memory and controllers that perform low-level bad-block mapping and wear-leveling and logical-to-physical block mapping. The SCFD report their capacity, arrangement, and maximum wear-level count (WLC) and bad block number (BBN) to the upstream smart storage switch, which stores this information in a structure register. The smart storage switch selects the SCFD with the maximum BBN as the target and the SCFD with the lowest maximum WLC as the source of a swap for wear leveling when a WLC exceeds a threshold that rises over time. A top-level smart storage switch receives consolidated capacity, arrangement, WLC, and BBN information from lower-level smart storage switch. Data is striped and optionally scrambled by Redundant Array of Individual Disks (RAID) controllers in all levels of smart storage switches. | 11-01-2012 |
20120284587 | Super-Endurance Solid-State Drive with Endurance Translation Layer (ETL) and Diversion of Temp Files for Reduced Flash Wear - A flash drive has increased endurance and longevity by reducing writes to flash. An Endurance Translation Layer (ETL) is created in a DRAM buffer and provides temporary storage to reduce flash wear. A Smart Storage Switch (SSS) controller assigns data-type bits when categorizing host accesses as paging files used by memory management, temporary files, File Allocation Table (FAT) and File Descriptor Block (FDB) entries, and user data files, using address ranges and file extensions read from FAT. Paging files and temporary files are never written to flash. Partial-page data is packed and sector mapped by sub-sector mapping tables that are pointed to by a unified mapping table that stores the data-type bits and pointers to data or tables in DRAM. Partial sectors are packed together to reduce DRAM usage and flash wear. A spare/swap area in DRAM reduces flash wear. Reference voltages are adjusted when error correction fails. | 11-08-2012 |
20120309231 | DUAL-PERSONALITY EXTENDED USB PLUGS AND RECEPTACLES USING WITH PCBA AND CABLE ASSEMBLY - A USB plug receptacle includes a connector substrate having a tongue portion having a first set of electrical contact pins disposed on a top surface of the tongue portion, a second set of a plurality of electrical pins disposed on a bottom surface of the tongue portion, a third set of electrical contact pins disposed on an opposite end of the tongue portion. The USB plug receptacle further includes a metal case made of a sheet of electrically conductive metal plate by blanking the sheet into a generally tubular shape to receive and enclose the connector substrate. When the connector substrate is inserted into the metal case, the third set of electrical contact pins are exposed outside of the metal case and the third set of electrical contact pins can be mounted on first and second sets of electrical contact pads of a printed circuit board assembly. | 12-06-2012 |
20130145085 | Virtual Memory Device (VMD) Application/Driver with Dual-Level Interception for Data-Type Splitting, Meta-Page Grouping, and Diversion of Temp Files to Ramdisks for Enhanced Flash Endurance - A Virtual-Memory Device (VMD) driver and application execute on a host to increase endurance of flash memory attached to a Super Enhanced Endurance Device (SEED) or Solid-State Drive (SSD). Host accesses to flash are intercepted by the VMD driver using upper and lower-level filter drivers and categorized as data types of paging files, temporary files, meta-data, and user data files, using address ranges and file extensions read from meta-data tables. Paging files and temporary files are optionally written to flash. Full-page and partial-page data are grouped into multi-page meta-pages by data type before storage by the SSD. ramdisks and caches for storing each data type in the host DRAM are managed and flushed to the SSD by the VMD driver. Write dates are stored for pages or blocks for management functions. A spare/swap area in DRAM reduces flash wear. Reference voltages are adjusted when error correction fails. | 06-06-2013 |
20130183862 | Molding Method For COB-EUSB Devices And Metal Housing Package - A dual-personality extended USB (EUSB) system supports both USB and EUSB devices using an extended 9-pin EUSB socket. Each EUSB device includes a PCBA having four standard USB metal contact pads, and several extended purpose contact springs disposed on an upper side of a PCB. A single-shot molding process is used to form a molded housing over passive components and IC dies disposed on the lower PCB surface. The passive components are mounted using SMT methods, and the IC dies are mounted using COB methods. The extended 9-pin EUSB socket includes standard USB contacts and extended use contacts that communicate with the PCBA through the standard USB metal contacts and the contact springs. The EUSB device is optionally used as a modular insert that is mounted onto a metal or plastic case to provide a EUSB assembly having a plug shell similar to a standard USB male connector. | 07-18-2013 |
20140006688 | Endurance and Retention Flash Controller with Programmable Binary-Levels-Per-Cell Bits Identifying Pages or Blocks as having Triple, Multi, or Single-Level Flash-Memory Cells | 01-02-2014 |
20140281151 | Green NAND Device (GND) Driver with DRAM Data Persistence For Enhanced Flash Endurance and Performance - A Green NAND Device (GND) driver application queries AC line and battery status and then stores an image of processor states and caches and a resume routine to DRAM when power failure occurs. A DRAM image is then stored to flash memory for a persistent mode when battery power is available. The image in DRAM may be a partial image that includes entries, flushed caches, processor contexts, ramdisks, write caches, and a resume context. Endurance of flash memory is increased by a Super Enhanced Endurance Device (SEED) SSD. In a power down mode, the GND driver limits DRAM use and only caches in DRAM data that can be deleted on power down. Host accesses to flash are intercepted by the GND driver and categorized by data type. Paging files and temporary files cached in DRAM are optionally written to flash. | 09-18-2014 |
20140310574 | Green eMMC Device (GeD) Controller with DRAM Data Persistence, Data-Type Splitting, Meta-Page Grouping, and Diversion of Temp Files for Enhanced Flash Endurance - A controller for a Super Enhanced Endurance Device (SEED) or Solid-State Drive (SSD) increases flash endurance using a DRAM buffer. Host accesses to flash are intercepted by the controller and categorized as data types of paging files, temporary files, meta-data, and user data files, using address ranges and file extensions read from meta-data tables. Paging files and temporary files are optionally written to flash. Full-page and partial-page data are grouped into multi-page meta-pages by data type in the DRAM before storage by lower-level flash devices such as eMMC, UFS, or iSSD. Caches in the DRAM buffer for storing each data type are managed and flushed to the flash devices by the controller. Write dates are stored for pages or blocks for management functions. A spare/swap area in DRAM reduces flash wear. Reference voltages are adjusted when error correction fails. | 10-16-2014 |