43rd week of 2010 patent applcation highlights part 39 |
Patent application number | Title | Published |
20100273039 | BATTERY HOLDER AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE USING THE SAME - A battery holder includes a main body defining a chamber therein and a latching groove in a middle portion of a sidewall of the chamber, and a spring for resisting the battery. The spring includes a latching portion engaged in the latching groove to fix the spring in the main body, such that the chamber is divided into a battery chamber and an additional chamber by the spring. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273040 | VEHICULAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM - In a vehicular power supply system, inclined portions ( | 2010-10-28 |
20100273041 | TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - A system for managing the temperature of a battery, the battery having a first outer surface, is provided. The system comprises a first reservoir coupled to the first outer surface of the battery, and a first phase change material thermally coupled with the first outer surface of the battery, and retained by the first reservoir. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273042 | BATTERY ASSEMBLY WITH TEMPERATURE CONTROL DEVICE - A battery module of the present invention is adaptable to be utilized in various configurations including and not limited to an overlapping battery cell packaging configuration and a vertical stack battery cell packaging configuration used in an automotive and non-automotive applications. The battery module has a plurality of battery heatsink assemblies with the cells disposed therebetween. A plurality of rods extend through the each heatsink assemblies to secure the heatsink assemblies and the cell with one another to form the battery module. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273043 | ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL WITH WELD POINTS CONNECTIONS AND ENERGY STORAGE ASSEMBLY - An electrochemical cell with a pair of electrodes arranged as a stack of flat electrode films separated by a separator film, wherein: electrode films of each electrode are electrically connected with each other through inner electrode conductors, the inner electrode conductors of the different electrodes are arranged on opposite sides of the electrochemical cel in electrode material-free area of the electrode films, each inner electrode conductor is connected with the respective electrode films through a predetermined number of weld points in the electrode material-free area of the respective electrode, each inner electrode conductor includes a predetermined number of openings in which coupling elements are set to connect the inner electrode conductor with an outward electrode conductor for the respective electrode. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273044 | HIGH VOLTAGE MODULAR BATTERY WITH ELECTRICALLY-INSULATED CELL MODULE AND INTERCONNECTOR PERIPHERIES - A modular battery includes a housing, a first planar battery cell having a first planar electrode surface, a second planar battery cell having a second planar electrode surface, and an interconnector disposed between the first planar surface and the second planar surface and electrically connecting the first and second planar electrode surfaces, side peripheries of the interconnector, the first and second planar battery cells being electrically insulated from the housing. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273045 | NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SECONDARY BATTERY AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME - A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode which are capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium; a resin layer provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; a battery case accommodating the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the resin layer; a nonaqueous electrolyte solution filling the battery case; and an insulating layer interposed, at least partially, between the positive electrode and the resin layer, the insulating layer containing aluminum fluoride. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273046 | CURRENT COLLECTING POST SEAL FOR HIGH DURABILITY LITHIUM-ION CELLS - A cover assembly for a Lithium-ion battery container to improve the durability of the battery. A high pressure injection molded polymer is combined with flanges disposed on the current collecting posts of the battery to provide an improved seal for the battery cover, especially at the interface of the cover and the current collecting posts. The injection molded polymer is fused to the flanges, current collecting posts and container cover to result in a diffusion path of increased length for gases and/or liquids which are known to enter or escape from battery containers. Additional polymer layers can be applied to the assembly to further improve the seal. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273047 | SEALED BATTERY - A gasket that provides sealing between an assembled sealing member and the opening of a battery case includes a high-strength layer inside thereof. The high-strength layer is formed by using a material having a higher strength than that of a gasket body. Examples of such a material include high-strength resins such as polyamide, polyimide and polyphenylene sulfide, and a ceramic. On the other hand, the gasket body is made of a material having a high level of sealing properties. With this configuration, even when extraneous metallic matter or the like is present in a sealed portion, it is possible to prevent both insulating properties and sealing properties of the sealed portion from being impaired. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273048 | Nonaqueous electrolyte composition and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery - A nonaqueous electrolyte composition includes: a nonaqueous solvent; an electrolyte salt; a matrix resin; a filler; and a surfactant. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273049 | Textile Electrode and Accumulator Containing Such an Electrode - The invention relates to an electrode comprising (a) an electron collector containing one or more transition metals from the groups 4 to 12 of the Periodic Classification of the Elements, and (b) a material that is electrochemically active, present on the surface of the electron collector in the form of a nano-structured conversion layer containing nano-particles or agglomerates of said nano-particles, wherein the nano-particles have a mean diameter of between 1 and 1000 nm, preferably between 10 and 300 nm, wherein said electrochemically active material contains at least one compound of the transition metal or transition metals present in the electron collector, characterised by the fact that the electrode is a textile formed by metallic wires or fibres. The invention also relates to a half-accumulator and an accumulator containing such a textile electrode. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273050 | NEGATIVE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND NEGATIVE ELECTRODE AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY COMPRISING SAME - A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention includes a negative active material including a plate-shaped carbon powder particle agglomerated in a primary structure in which the plate-shaped particle is oriented in a plane direction and laminated. Fine carbon powder particles are then agglomerated to form a secondary structure on the surface of the primary structure such that the resulting particles include fine pores formed on the surface. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273051 | COMPOSITE ELECTRODE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME - A composite electrode and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. By using a composite electrode that includes a porous support made of ceramic or metal and a conductive polymer or a metal oxide formed on a surface of the porous support, a capacitor or secondary cell that provides increased charge/discharge capacity and increased energy/output density, as well as high-temperature stability and high reliability, can be manufactured. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273052 | NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SECONDARY BATTERY AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME - A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using electrodes including a mixture layer formed on a current collector by using an aqueous slurry is provided to enable efficient battery production, have a high adhesion strength in the electrode and enable improved battery performance. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein at least one of the positive and negative electrodes is an electrode obtained by: forming a precoat layer | 2010-10-28 |
20100273053 | Electrochemical Cell - An electrochemical cell comprising a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte is provided, wherein: | 2010-10-28 |
20100273054 | ELECTRODES AND ELECTRODE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS - An electrode and an electrode material for lithium electrochemical cells are disclosed. The electrode material is in powder form and has a particle size distribution wherein the measured particle size distribution of the electrode material has a median size D | 2010-10-28 |
20100273055 | LITHIUM-ION ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL - Lithium-ion electrochemical cells are provided that have high charge-discharge rates, excellent thermal stability and low irreversible capacity. The provided cells include a lithium mixed metal oxide cathode and a lithium titanate anode. The lithium mixed metal oxide cathode has cobalt as its major constituent. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273056 | LITHIUM BATTERY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME - A lithium battery that contains a solid electrolyte but has a high capacity is provided. A lithium battery | 2010-10-28 |
20100273057 | POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL AND NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE BATTERY - A positive electrode active material includes a lithium complex oxide particle, and a coating layer formed on at least a part of the surface of the lithium complex oxide particle. The lithium complex oxide particle is a lithium complex oxide particle composed mainly of nickel. The coating layer contains an oxo acid and/or an oxo acid compound, an acidity of the surface of the lithium complex oxide particle composed mainly of nickel is increased by the coating layer. The acidity is determined based on a pH of a supernatant of water in a state where after 1.0 part by weight of the lithium complex oxide particle composed mainly of nickel and having a coating layer formed thereon is dispersed in 50 parts by weight of water. The lithium complex oxide particle sediments, and the pH is less than 8.0. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273058 | NEGATIVE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY, METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME, NEGATIVE ELECTRODE COMPRISING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY COMPRISING SAME - The present invention relates to a negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery, a method of manufacturing the negative active material, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the negative active material. The negative active material includes a sphere-shaped first graphite particle that a first particle precursor, a flake-shaped graphite piece, is linked to each other; and at least one second particle dispersed between the flake-shaped graphite pieces inside the sphere-shaped first graphite particle and selected from the group consisting of at least one element particle selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Al, Ge, Pb, and combinations thereof; at least one element compound particle selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Al, Ge, Pb, and combinations thereof; a composite particle including at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Al, Ge, Pb, and combinations thereof; a carbon composite particle including at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Al, Ge, Pb, and combinations thereof; and a combination particle thereof. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273059 | LITHIUM PRIMARY BATTERY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME - The invention provides a lithium primary battery including a negative electrode | 2010-10-28 |
20100273060 | HIGH-THROUGHPUT SOLUTION PROCESSING OF LARGE SCALE GRAPHENE AND DEVICE APPLICATIONS - A method of producing carbon macro-molecular structures includes dissolving a graphitic material in a solvent to provide a suspension of carbon-based macro-molecular structures in the solvent, and obtaining a plurality of the carbon macro-molecular structures from the suspension. The plurality of carbon macro-molecular structures obtained from the suspension each consists essentially of carbon. A material according to some embodiments of the current invention is produced according to the method of producing carbon macro-molecular structures. An electrical, electronic or electro-optic device includes material produced according to the methods of the current invention. A composite material according to some embodiments of the current invention has carbon macro-molecular structures produced according to methods of producing carbon macro-molecular structures according to some embodiments of the current invention. A hydrogen storage device according to some embodiments of the current invention has carbon macro-molecular structures produced according to methods of producing carbon macro-molecular structures according to some embodiments of the current invention. An electrode according to some embodiments of the current invention has carbon macro-molecular structures produced according to methods of producing carbon macro-molecular structures according to some embodiments of the current invention. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273061 | Low-inductive impedance, thermally decoupled, radii-modulated electrode core - An energy-storage device electrode core is disclosed that features relatively low-inductive impedance (and thus low equivalent series resistance (ESR)). Also disclosed is an energy-storage device electrode core that features a radii-modulated electrode core that forms extra vias to facilitate efficient heat removal away from the electrode, thus improving the performance and capabilities of an energy-storage device so equipped. The internal electrode core heat-removal vias are defined by the modulation patterns that in turn define the size and layout of the folds in the electrode, which are circumferentially collapsed about the center axis of the electrode core. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273062 | ALL-SOLID-STATE BATTERY - An all-solid-state battery includes: a positive electrode active material layer that contains a positive electrode active material, and a first sulfide solid electrolyte material that contacts the positive electrode active material and that substantially does not have a cross-linking chalcogen; a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material; and a solid electrolyte layer that is provided between the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer, and that contains a second sulfide solid electrolyte material that substantially has a cross-linking chalcogen. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273063 | POLYMER ELECTROLYTES AND DEVICES CONTAINING THEM - The application arises from studies that have shown that electrochemical cells containing SPEs including: (i) a non-volatile organic ionic salt; and (ii) an inorganic electrolyte salt have an improved conductivity across a range of temperatures, and are more stable to water compared to electrochemical cells containing SPEs including either an IL or an inorganic electrolyte salt. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273064 | NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY HAVING THE SAME - A non-aqueous electrolyte includes (i) a cyclic anhydride; (ii) an electrolyte solvent containing carbonate and linear saturated ester; and (iii) an electrolyte salt. Since the linear saturated ester and cyclic anhydride are used in mixture as components of an electrolyte, it is possible to minimize problems caused by using either of the linear saturated ester or cyclic anhydride and to improve life cycle performance of the secondary battery and charging/discharging characteristics at room temperature or a high temperature. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273065 | Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Solution For Lithium Ion Secondary Battery And Lithium Ion Secondary Battery Having The Same - A non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery includes a lithium salt and an organic solvent. The organic solvent includes a carbonate compound, a linear ester compound and a linear ester decomposition inhibitor. This non-aqueous electrolyte solution restrains swelling while improving low temperature charging/discharging characteristics of the secondary battery in comparison to a conventional electrolyte since it contains the linear ester compound and the linear ester decomposition inhibitor. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution may be used in making a lithium ion secondary battery. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273066 | Rechargeable Lithium Air Battery Cell Having Electrolyte with Alkylene Additive - A rechargeable lithium-air battery ( | 2010-10-28 |
20100273067 | ACTIVE METAL FUEL CELLS - Active metal fuel cells are provided. An active metal fuel cell has a renewable active metal (e.g., lithium) anode and a cathode structure that includes an electronically conductive component (e.g., a porous metal or alloy), an ionically conductive component (e.g., an electrolyte), and a fluid oxidant (e.g., air, water or a peroxide or other aqueous solution). The pairing of an active metal anode with a cathode oxidant in a fuel cell is enabled by an ionically conductive protective membrane on the surface of the anode facing the cathode. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273068 | FUEL CELL SYSTEM INCLUDING A FUEL FILTER MEMBER WITH A FILTER PROPERTY INDICATOR - A fuel cell system includes a fuel tank, a replaceable fuel filter, a fuel cell stack, and a control system. The fuel tank includes raw fuel stored therein. The replaceable fuel filter member includes a filter property indicator and is configured to receive raw fuel from the fuel tank and to refine the raw fuel to a refined fuel. The fuel cell stack is configured to receive refined fuel from the fuel filter and to utilize the refine fuel to generate electricity and a control system configured to access the filter property indicator of the fuel filter member. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273069 | FUEL CELL SYSTEM INCLUDING A FUEL MODULE - A fuel cell system includes an energy conversion module and a fuel module that is detachable from the energy conversion module. The fuel module includes a fuel tank, a fuel module identification member including fuel module data and a fuel filter member. The control module is configured to access the fuel module data from the fuel module identification member. The fuel cell stack is configured to utilize the refined fuel to generate electrical energy. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273070 | APPARATUS FOR HYDROGEN-AIR MIXING IN A FUEL CELL ASSEMBLY AND METHOD - A fuel cell assembly and method is disclosed for the mixing and heating of hydrogen and air in the fuel cell assembly and introducing the heated hydrogen and air to the fuel cell assembly during a starting operation to heat the fuel cell assembly to militate against vapor condensation and ice formation in the fuel cell assembly. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273071 | FUEL CELL SYSTEM AND FUEL CELL DEGRADATION JUDGMENT METHOD - Provided is a fuel cell system which can measure an air blow interval and consider an exceptional condition such as a high-potential-avoiding operation, thereby enabling an accurate judgment of degradation of an electrolyte. An actual air blow time interval is measured while estimating a theoretical air blow time interval when an increase of a hydrogen consumption amount corresponding to a cell voltage in the high-potential-avoiding operation according to an output current by using a relationship table which contains a record of a relationship between a hydrogen consumption amount consumed for maintaining the function of a fuel cell and the air supply time interval varying with the increase of the hydrogen consumption amount. The degradation of the electrolyte of the fuel cell is judged according to whether the measured actual air blow time interval is shorter than the theoretical air blow time interval corresponding to the hydrogen consumption amount. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273072 | FUEL CELL SYSTEM - Provided is a fuel cell system that can suitably control a voltage converter in response to a judgment that an abnormal condition occurs in a power detection unit that detects a power passing through the voltage converter. The fuel cell system has: a first power detection unit that estimates an effective value of a converter input power by multiplying the converter input power, which is obtained from a battery voltage and a battery current, by a converter efficiency; a second power detection unit that estimates a converter output power from a fuel cell voltage, a fuel cell current and a driving motor load power; and a third power detection unit that estimates a converter flowing power from a current of a reactor measured by a current sensor (shown in a separate drawing). The fuel cell system also has similar detection units for current, and using one of the detection units or a combination of some of them, specifies a malfunctioning sensor and prohibits correction of parameters. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273073 | Fluid Regulating Microvalve Assembly For Fluid Consuming Cells - A fluid regulating microvalve assembly for use to control fluid flow to a fluid consuming electrode, such as an oxygen reduction electrode, in an electrochemical cell. The microvalve assembly includes a stationary valve body having an aperture and a microactuator movable from a first position where the microvalve body aperture is closed to fluid flow to at least a second position where fluid is able to pass through the microvalve body aperture. The fluid regulating microvalve assembly can utilize cell potential or a separate source to open and close the microvalve. The fluid regulating microvalve assembly can be located outside the cell housing or inside the cell housing, for example between one or more fluid inlet apertures and the fluid consuming electrode. The invention includes a method of making a multilayer microvalve assembly, particularly one for use in a fluid depolarized battery, using a printing process to deposit at least one of the layers. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273074 | Fuel cell system and method for operating a fuel cell system - Disclosed is a fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack, supplied with a reaction gas on the gas inlet side and comprises at least one flush valve on the gas outlet side on a flush cell. A control device, which controls the actuation of the flush valve as a function of the voltage of the flush cell, is provided, wherein the voltage tap is provided in a region of the flush cell at which the concentration of the reaction gas drops the fastest to a predefined threshold value. Due to the voltage tap in the region where the concentration of the reaction gases drop the fastest to a predefined threshold value, a significantly more sensitive and precise regulation of the flush is possible and voltage dips are effectively prevented in the flush cell, as a result of which the overall risk of corrosion are minimized for the flush cell. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273075 | FUEL CELL SYSTEM - A fuel cell system capable of carrying out a proper current limiting even when decreasing a cell voltage through, e.g., a rapid warm-up is provided. When a rapid warm-up is started, an acceptable cell-voltage value setting part sets a acceptable lowest-cell-voltage value in accordance with the operation state of a fuel cell. Meanwhile, a target cell-voltage value setting part sets an initial value for a target lowest-cell-voltage value. The target cell-voltage value setting part then compares a lowest cell voltage detected by a cell monitor with the set target lowest-cell-voltage value, and judges whether or not the lowest cell voltage is near the target lowest-cell-voltage value continuously for a given time period. If the result of the judgment is positive, the target cell-voltage value setting part updates the target lowest-cell-voltage value with a value obtained by decreasing the target lowest-cell-voltage value only by an update width. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273076 | FUEL CELL TERMINAL PLATE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE PLATE, AND FUEL CELL INCORPORATING THE PLATE - A front terminal plate ( | 2010-10-28 |
20100273077 | FUEL CELL, FUEL CELL SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR OPERATING FUEL CELL - A fuel cell of the present invention includes cell blocks ( | 2010-10-28 |
20100273078 | FUEL CELL - The invention provides a fuel cell which can suppress an abnormal temperature rise by blocking a flow path from a fuel storing section to a fuel battery cell when the fuel cell has the abnormal temperature rise. The invention relates to a fuel cell ( | 2010-10-28 |
20100273079 | Fuel Cell Drive for a Motor Vehicle - The invention relates to a fuel cell drive for a motor vehicle, in particular a utility vehicle, with a fuel cell assembly ( | 2010-10-28 |
20100273080 | POWER SYSTEM - Provided is a power system capable of supplying power steadily to the outside even at a low temperature. A power supply unit disposed in the power system is configured to calculate an amount of power needed to heat a fuel cell to a temperature threshold when the temperature thereof measured by an FC sensor is below the temperature threshold, set an SOC lower limit by adding the calculated amount of power to a discharge threshold of a secondary battery, and control the power supply to a first power supply portion in the range of the SOC lower limit. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273081 | FUEL CELL SYSTEM AND MOVING BODY - The amount of a reactant gas supplied to a fuel cell is properly maintained even in the case where a failure of reactant gas supply takes place in the middle of a drive cycle of a valve device. Provided is a fuel cell system including: a fuel cell; a gas supply flow path for supplying the reactant gas to the fuel cell; a valve device which is provided in the gas supply flow path and driven at a predetermined drive cycle; a controller which controls the drive of the valve device such that the reactant gas supplied to the fuel cell reaches a target gas state; and a sensor which measures the gas state of the reactant gas on a downstream side of the valve device, wherein the controller drives the valve device independently of the predetermined drive cycle in the case where the controller detects that the difference between the target gas state and a gas state measured by the sensor has exceeded a predetermined value. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273082 | Structure and method for optimizing system efficiency when operating an SOFC system with alcohol fuels - A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a fuel inlet conduit, a water inlet conduit, and a hydrometer, such as an alcoholometer. The hydrometer is adapted to provide a measurement of a water-to-fuel ratio of a fuel inlet stream within the fuel inlet conduit. The water inlet conduit is adapted to provide a quantity of water to the fuel inlet conduit in order to achieve a desired water-to-ratio being provided to the fuel cell stack. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273083 | FUEL CELL - There is disclosed a fuel cell in which an insulating material is disposed, whereby the thermal diffusion of the inside and outside of a fuel cell can be suppressed to suppress the deterioration of the performance of the fuel cell due to a temperature drop. Moreover, the physical properties of the insulating material are specified, whereby appropriate insulating properties required in the fuel cell can be obtained, and startup properties are improved. A fuel cell has a cell stack in which a plurality of unit cells are stacked, and terminal plates disposed on both sides of the cell stack in a cell stack direction thereof. The fuel cell comprises an insulating portion having an insulating material and holding plates which hold the insulating material from both the sides of the insulating material in the cell stack direction, the insulating material is held between the holding plates, and the insulating material has a thermal conductivity of 0.1 W/mK or less and a porosity of 70% or more. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273084 | Single Fuel Cell and Fuel Cell Stack - The single fuel cell of the present invention includes an MEA (membrane electrode assembly), GDLs (gas diffusion layers) and separators, a pair of catalyst layers being provided on both surfaces of a polymer electrolyte membrane in the MEA, a pair of the GDLs being disposed opposite the pair of catalyst layers of the MEA, the separators including gas flow channels of an air electrode and a fuel electrode, the MEA and the pair of the GDLs being interposed between the separators, and at least one of an area of the GDL of the air electrode and an area of the GDL of the fuel electrode being smaller than an effective area of the gas flow channel of the separator, which is an inner area specified by tracing and connecting outermost edge parts of a groove of the gas flow channel of the separator. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273085 | Method for the Electrochemical Deposition of Catalyst Particles Onto Carbon Fibre-Containing Substrates and Apparatus Therefor - The present invention describes a method and an apparatus for the electrochemical deposition of fine catalyst particles onto carbon fibre-containing substrates which have a compensating layer (“microlayer”). The method comprises the preparation of a precursor suspension containing ionomer, carbon black and metal ions. This suspension is applied to the substrate and then dried. The deposition of the catalyst particles onto the carbon fibre-containing substrate is effected by a pulsed electrochemical method in an aqueous electrolyte. The noble metal-containing catalyst particles produced by the method have particle sizes in the nanometer range. The catalyst-coated substrates are used for the production of electrodes, gas diffusion electrodes and membrane electrode units for electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells (membrane fuel cells, PEMFC, DMFC, etc.), electrolysers or electrochemical sensors. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273086 | Membrane Electrode Assembly, Manufacturing Method Thereof and Fuel Cell - The present invention provides a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) which has a high level of power generation performance under a low humidified condition and a high level of production efficiency, and further, a manufacturing method of such an MEA and a fuel cell having such an MEA. The present invention includes forming first electrode catalyst layer | 2010-10-28 |
20100273087 | CROSS-LINKED POLYAZOLE, METHOD OF PREPARING THE POLYAZOLE, ELECTRODE FOR FUEL CELL INCLUDING THE CROSS-LINKED POLYAZOLE, ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FOR FUEL CELL INCLUDING THE CROSS-LINKED POLYAZOLE, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE, AND FUEL CELL INCLUDING THE CROSS-LINKED POLYAZOLE - A cross-linked polyazole, a method of preparing the cross-linked polyazole, an electrode and an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell, which include the cross-linked polyazole, a method of manufacturing the electrolyte membrane, and a fuel cell including the cross-linked polyazole. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273088 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING -SO3H GROUP-CONTAINING FLUOROPOLYMER AND -SO3H GROUP-CONTAINING FLUOROPOLYMER - The present invention provides a novel production process by which unstable terminal groups can be sufficiently stabilized under mild conditions. The present invention is related to a method for producing an —SO | 2010-10-28 |
20100273089 | Solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte and method - A method of making a solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte includes preheating a substrate on which an oxide electrolyte layer is to be deposited to a substrate temperature of about 1100° C. and above, impinging a surface of a source comprising the oxide with an electron beam in an evacuated chamber at a pressure of about 10 | 2010-10-28 |
20100273090 | Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell - A phosphoric acid fuel cell system comprising a porous electrolyte support, a phosphoric acid electrolyte in the porous electrolyte support, a cathode electrode contacting the phosphoric acid electrolyte, and an anode electrode contacting the phosphoric acid electrolyte. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273091 | Catalytically Active Gold Supported On Thermally Treated Nanoporous Supports - The present invention provides technology for controlling, or tuning, the catalytic activity of gold provided upon nanoporous supports such as those derived from nanoparticulate titania. It has been discovered that the nature of the surfaces of the nanoparticles used to support a nano-metal catalyst, such as catalytically active gold, has a profound effect upon the catalytic properties of the supported catalyst. The support surface may be altered as desired to control the activity of the gold. The present invention teaches how thermal treatment of nanoparticulate media incorporated into a nanoporous support prior to deposition of catalytically active gold dramatically suppresses the ability of a resultant catalyst system to oxidize hydrogen. Yet, the system still readily oxidizes CO. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273092 | FUEL CELL SEPARATOR MANUFACTURING METHOD AND FUEL CELL SEPARATOR - A uniform and dense resin coat is formed on a surface of a peripheral region of a fuel cell separator. However, the formed resin coat may contain defects (holes). With the present invention, however, any such defects in the resin coat are coated with a metal coat. That is, when depositing metal in complex ions on the fuel cell separator by an electrodeposition process, the metal is adhered not only to a power generation region but also to a portion where the surface (separator base material surface) is exposed by the defects of the resin coat, thereby forming the metal coat on the defects. Thus, it is possible to improve the corrosion resistance of the fuel cell separator as compared to the case that the surface of the separator base material is exposed at the portions of the defects of the resin coat. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273093 | CATALYST PARTICLE SIZE CONTROL WITH ORGANIC PIGMENTS - A fuel cell catalyst is provided comprising nanostructured elements comprising microstructured support whiskers bearing a thin film of nanoscopic catalyst particles, where the thin film of nanoscopic catalyst particles is made by alternating application of first layers comprising catalyst material, such as platinum or a platinum alloy, and second layers comprising a vacuum sublimable organic molecular solid, such as an aromatic organic pigments such as perylene red or a pthalocyanine | 2010-10-28 |
20100273094 | METHOD OF COATING A SURFACE OF A FUEL CELL PLATE - A method of coating a surface of a fuel cell plate is disclosed herein, and involves forming a sol gel mixture by mixing a weak acid and a composition including at least two metal oxide precursors. One of the metal oxide precursors is configured to be hydrolyzed by the weak acid to form a mixed metal oxide framework with an other of the metal oxide precursors having at least one organic functional group that is not hydrolyzed by the weak acid. The mixture is applied to the surface, and is condensed by exposure to air at least one predetermined temperature and for a predetermined time. The sol gel mixture is immersed in water at a predetermined temperature and for a predetermined time to form a porous, hydrophilic, and conductive film on the surface. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273095 | METHOD OF COATING A SURFACE OF A FUEL CELL PLATE - A method of coating a surface of a fuel cell plate is disclosed herein. The method involves forming a sol gel mixture including a metal oxide modified with at least one functional group, where the at least one functional group is configured to improve adhesion; and adding carbon modified with a hydrophilic functional group to the mixture, thereby forming a suspension. The suspension is applied to the surface of the fuel cell plate, and is activated to form a porous, hydrophilic, and conductive film on the surface of the fuel cell plate. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273096 | PHOTOPOLYMER MEDIA WITH ENHANCED DYNAMIC RANGE - Dynamic range enhancing dopants for photopolymeric media are described. Also described are optical articles using these dopants and methods for making such optical articles. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273097 | PELLICLE - A pellicle is provided that includes an aluminum pellicle frame having an anodized layer on its entire surface; and a pellicle film stretched over and affixed to an end face of the pellicle frame, the anodized layer having a thickness of 4 to 8 μm. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273098 | MASK BLANK, PRODUCTION METHOD OF MASK BLANK AND PRODUCTION METHOD OF MASK - A mask blank that can be formed without causing a shape defect in a transfer pattern having a high resolution. A mask blank ( | 2010-10-28 |
20100273099 | Flood exposure process for dual tone development in lithographic applications - A method and system for patterning a substrate using a dual tone development process is described. The method and system comprise a flood exposure of the substrate to improve process latitude for the dual tone development process. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273100 | COATING FOR OPTICALLY SUITABLE AND CONDUCTIVE ANTI-CURL BACK COATING LAYER - The presently disclosed embodiments relate generally to layers that are useful in imaging apparatus members and components, for use in electrostatographic, including digital, apparatuses. More particularly, the embodiments pertain to an improved electrostatographic imaging member incorporating a thermoplastic material pre-compounded to impart conductivity to the anti-curl back coating layer and may also contain an adhesion promoter which provides a conductively and optically anti-curl back coating layer. The conductive anti-curl back coating of the present disclosure may be formulated to have a single layer, dual layers, or triple layers. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273101 | YELLOW TONER - To provide a yellow toner satisfying good toner particles and a superior coloring power, the toner has toner base particles having at least a binder resin, a colorant and a wax component, and contains as the colorant at least a coloring matter compound represented by the following general formula (1) and a pigment represented by the following formula (2). | 2010-10-28 |
20100273102 | COLOR TONER - The color toner has capsule toner particles each having a surface layer (B) mainly formed of a resin (b) on the surface of a toner base particle (A), the toner base particle (A) containing at least a binder resin (a), a colorant, and a wax, in which (1) a temperature Tp at which a curve | 2010-10-28 |
20100273103 | MAGNETIC CARRIER AND TWO-COMPONENTS DEVELOPER - The present invention provides an image of high image quality by using a magnetic carrier coated with a novel coating resin composition. Further, the present invention stably provides a good image which is hardly influenced by environmental fluctuation and long-term use and has a superior stability of a charging amount when left to stand especially under high temperature and high humidity environments. The present invention also provides a magnetic carrier characterized in that a carrier core surface is coated with a copolymer containing at least, as copolymerization components, an acrylic monomer having a specific structure and an acrylic macromonomer having a specific structure. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273104 | POSITIVE PHOTOSENSITIVE COMPOSITION, POSITIVE PERMANENT RESIST, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING POSITIVE PERMANENT RESIST - The present invention provides: a positive photosensitive composition that yields an insulation layer superior not only in high transparency, but also in heat resistance enduring a temperature during the production of a substrate, solvent resistance, and anti-aging property as a permanent resist; a positive permanent resist utilizing the positive photosensitive composition; and a method for producing the positive permanent resist. The present invention provides: a positive photosensitive composition containing (A) a curable silicone resin having a silanol group, which resin has a structure obtained by a reaction between one or more cyclic siloxane compounds represented by the following general formula (1): | 2010-10-28 |
20100273105 | RESIST COMPOSITION, METHOD OF FORMING RESIST PATTERN, COMPOUND AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME, ACID GENERATOR - A resist composition including a base material component (A) which exhibits changed solubility in an alkali developing solution under action of acid, and an acid generator component (B) which generates acid upon exposure,
| 2010-10-28 |
20100273106 | POSITIVE RESIST COMPOSITION, METHOD OF FORMING RESIST PATTERN, POLYMERIC COMPOUND, AND COMPOUND - A positive resist composition including a base component (A) which exhibits increased solubility in an alkali developing solution under the action of acid and an acid generator component (B) which generates acid upon exposure, wherein the base component (A) includes a polymeric compound (A1) having a structural unit (a0) containing an acid-dissociable, dissolution-inhibiting group, and the acid-dissociable, dissolution-inhibiting group has a 1,3-dioxole skeleton. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273107 | Dual tone development with a photo-activated acid enhancement component in lithographic applications - A method and system for patterning a substrate using a lithographic process, such as a dual tone development process, is described. The method comprises use of at least one photo-activated acid enhancement component to improve process latitude for the dual tone development process. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273108 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING REGENERATED POROUS SHEET - The present invention provides a method for producing a regenerated porous sheet including a step of bringing a porous sheet which has adsorbed an uncured part of a photosensitive resin, into contact with a solvent to separate the uncured part from the porous sheet, the porous sheet that has adsorbed the uncured part being produced by curing a specific area of a printing surface of a printing original plate in which the printing surface is formed from a photosensitive resin, and then absorbing the uncured part of the printing surface into a porous sheet, so as to conduct a development. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273109 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING OPTICAL PART - A method for producing an optical part includes an irradiation process for irradiating a radiation-sensitive polymerizable composition with a radiation. The radiation-sensitive polymerizable composition includes at least a polymerizable compound (a) and a polymerizable or non-polymerizable component (c). The irradiation process includes at least a first step of irradiating with a radiation only a first irradiation region that is a portion of the radiation-sensitive polymerizable composition and a second step of irradiating with a radiation only a second irradiation region that is a portion of the radiation-sensitive polymerizable composition and is different from the first irradiation region in at least one of size and position. When the component (c) is polymerizable, the polymerization rate of the component (c) is controlled to be lower than that of the polymerizable compound (a) in the first and the second steps. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273110 | Patterning process - There is disclosed a patterning process comprises at least (1) a step of forming an organic underlayer film on a substrate and then forming a photoresist pattern on the organic underlayer film, (2) a step of attaching an alkaline solution containing an alkaline substance onto the photoresist pattern and then removing the excess alkaline solution, (3) a step of applying a solution of a siloxane polymer crosslinkable by action of the alkaline substance onto the photoresist pattern to form a crosslinked part by crosslinking the siloxane polymer near the photoresist patterns, and (4) a step of removing the uncrosslinked siloxane polymer and the photoresist pattern. There can be provided a patterning process capable of forming a further finer pattern simply and efficiently and with a high practicability applicable to semiconductor manufacturing. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273111 | Dual tone development with plural photo-acid generators in lithographic applications - A method and system for patterning a substrate using a dual tone development process is described. The method comprises use of plural photo-acid generators with or without a flood exposure of the substrate to improve process latitude for the dual tone development process. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273112 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PHOTORESIST PATTERN - The present invention provides a process for producing a photoresist pattern comprising the following steps (A) to (D):
| 2010-10-28 |
20100273113 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PHOTORESIST PATTERN - The present invention provides a process for producing a photoresist pattern that contains steps (1) to (11)as described in the specification. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273114 | DEVICE MANUFACTURING APPARATUS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING DEVICE - A device manufacturing apparatus includes a driving unit configured to perform driving for processing an object, a conduit through which a coolant that recovers heat generated by the driving unit flows, a cooler configure to cool the coolant that flows through the conduit, a heater configured to heat the coolant cooled by the cooler so that the driving unit cooled by the heated coolant has a target temperature, and a controller configured to heighten a target temperature of the coolant cooled by the cooler, if it is determined, based on control information to control the driving unit, that a heat amount to be generated by the driving unit decreases. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273115 | PARTICLE INSPECTION APPARATUS, EXPOSURE APPARATUS, AND DEVICE MANUFACTURING METHOD - A particle inspection apparatus includes an irradiation unit configured to apply a light beam onto front and back surfaces of an object to be inspected, first and second detection units configured to detect scattering light from the surfaces, a calculation unit configured to conduct a particle inspection on the surfaces on the basis of outputs from the detection units, and a control unit configured to control the irradiation unit, the detection units, and the calculation unit. The irradiation unit can selectively apply the beam onto the front or back surface. The control unit causes the calculation unit to conduct the particle inspection on the inspection surface on which the light beam is selectively applied, on the basis of outputs made by the detection unit corresponding to simultaneous application and selective application of the light beam. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273116 | SILVER HALIDE PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIAL - A silver halide color photosensitive material comprising a support and, superimposed thereon, a blue-sensitive layer unit, a green-sensitive layer unit and a red-sensitive layer unit, each of these light-sensitive layer units composed of at least one silver halide emulsion layer, together with at least one nonphotosensitive layer, wherein the following compound (A) is contained in at least one layer of the photosensitive material, and the sensitivity thereof is enhanced by addition compound (A) as compared with that exhibited when not added, compound (A) being a heterocyclic compound having one or more hetero atoms in a ring system, wherein a sensitivity effect (X) at pH of a color developer of 10 and a sensitivity effect (Y) at pH of a color developer of 8 satisfy the following relation: Y/X<0.2. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273117 | PREMIX BURNER FOR A GAS TURBINE - A premix burner is provided, with a swirl generator and a downstream mixer tube for combusting gaseous and liquid fuel which during entry of combustion air is introduced into the burner interior space of the swirl generator and/or is introduced into the burner interior of the swirl generator on a burner axis, and also with a fuel lance which is arranged on the burner axis. The premix burner, in the transition section from the swirl generator to the mixer tube, includes at least one additional feed for introducing gaseous and/or liquid premix fuel from the wall region into the burner interior space of the mixer tube. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273118 | HEAT TRANSFER TUBE MONITORING APPARATUS - According to the present invention, a heat transfer tube monitoring apparatus for use in a heat exchanger including multiple-stage heat transfer tube bundles spaced apart from each other in a flow direction of flue gas includes a differential pressure detecting unit used for detecting a differential pressure between upstream and downstream for each of the heat transfer tube bundles. With this configuration, an abnormal heat transfer tube bundle can be specified. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273119 | IGNITER - An igniter having a rod-like extension that can be rotated to change the direction of the flame port in a free state and locked when the igniting action is to be done. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273120 | PREMIX BURNER - The present invention provides a gas burner, preferably a premix burner, comprising a support having a central gas inlet port for supply of gas into a gas supply chamber. The gas supply chamber is enclosed by a first metal burner membrane at its side and an end cap opposite to said gas inlet port. The end cap is connected to the top of the first burner membrane. The burner membrane is connected at the bottom to the support through its base section. The end cap is formed by a second burner membrane. The exterior surface of the first burner membrane and the end cap is made of perforated heat-resistant sheet metal plate. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273121 | OVEN EXHAUST FAN SYSTEM AND METHOD - An oven apparatus has an oven enclosure with a heating zone and has two fans that remove air from the heating zone during purging and during normal operations. One of the two fans, called the exhaust fan, is a fixed speed fan in some embodiments. The second fan is a variable speed fan in some embodiments. The oven apparatus may have a vestibule at a conveyor opening with a fan dedicated to exhausting the vestibule. The oven apparatus may have an air seal between the vestibule and a heating zone of an oven chamber. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273122 | Method and intra-oral device for smoking cessation or alcohol cessation - This invention is an improved method and intra-oral device for smoking cessation or alcohol cessation. Specifically, this method requires the use of an intra-oral device comprised of a carbon monoxide sensor, ethanol sensor, sensor supervising and signal processing circuit, power source, electrodes, mounting element. The intra-oral device is used in association with the molar tooth via the mounting element which provides affixation to the device. During the process of smoking, the carbon monoxide sensor of the intra-oral device detects the threshold of carbon monoxide in the smoke entering the mouth. The sensor supervising and signal processing circuit is set into an activation mode, which triggers an electrical stimulation of the neck of the tooth via two electrodes of the device. During the process of alcohol consumption, the ethanol sensor of the intra-oral device detects the threshold of ethanol in the mouth. The sensors supervising and signal processing circuit is set into an activation mode, which triggers an electrical stimulation of the neck of the tooth via two electrodes of the device. The intra-oral device can be programmed in different modes providing varied levels of electrical stimulation via the two electrodes, from slight irritation to light pain which is delivered to the neck of the tooth. This works as negative reinforcement to the smoker or drinker, preventing them from continuation of the smoking session or drinking session. By using one such device the smoker or drinker is behaviorally conditioned to cease further attempts at smoking or drinking. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273123 | LIGHT-CURING DEVICE - A light-emitting device ( | 2010-10-28 |
20100273124 | STEADY PRESSURE DENTAL IMPRESSION TRAY AND THE IDEA OF OPERATION - An object making its impression in soft material, due to the force application, of various strength and impact directions, reproduces its parts at different heights, thus providing a distorted cast of the object. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273125 | MULTI-FUNCTION SWITCH FOR AN ORAL CARE APPLIANCE - A multi-switch ( | 2010-10-28 |
20100273126 | ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEM FOR INTERPROXIMAL CLEANING - The interproximal cleaning appliance includes a housing ( | 2010-10-28 |
20100273127 | PROTECTIVE ASSEMBLY FOR A COMPRESSED GAS INTERPROXIMAL CLEANER - The protective system includes a nozzle portion ( | 2010-10-28 |
20100273128 | SET OF MOTOR-DRIVEN INSTRUMENTS TO AID THE FIXING OF DENTAL IMPLANTS - Set of motor-driven instruments to aid the fixing of dental implants that combines drills ( | 2010-10-28 |
20100273129 | Atmospheric Non-Thermal Gas Plasma Method for Dental Surface Treatment - The provision of dental restorations can be improved by generating a cold atmospheric plasma inside the mouth of the patient and then applying that cold atmospheric plasma onto a dental restoration site. The dental restoration site can be composed of either or both of dentin and enamel. Further, the provision of dental restorations can also be improved by introducing a dental adhesive onto a dental restoration site and treating it with a cold atmospheric plasma. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273130 | SHOOTING TRAINING SYSTEMS USING AN EMBEDDED PHOTO SENSING PANEL - A shooting training system includes a display device for displaying visual information on a display area, wherein the display device is embedded with photo sensors for receiving a first user input from a first input device transmitted to and directed to a first location on the display area; and a computing device coupled with the display device, wherein the computing device is configured to instruct the display device to display a shooting-training environment; process the first user input to identify at least the location of the first user input relative to the display area and a timing of the first user input; and display training results based on the location and timing of the first user input. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273131 | LASER TRANSMITTER FOR SIMULATING A FIRE WEAPON AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF - The present invention relates to a laser transmitter for simulation training, which is mounted on a firearm. The laser transmitter for simulation training includes an infrared laser diode | 2010-10-28 |
20100273132 | MOTION PLATFORM SYSTEM - The present invention relates to a motion platform system comprising of a base ( | 2010-10-28 |
20100273133 | Teaching aid and method of teaching a learner writing skills - A system for teaching learners to write letters of an alphabet uses a plurality of template blocks, each having a cutout corresponding to a letter of the alphabet. A bottom wall of the cutout is covered with an abrasive material to facilitate tactile recognition of the letter shape by the learner. The kit has a plurality of insert members that make letter-forming components, such that one or more insert members fitted in the cutout form the corresponding letter of the alphabet. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273134 | ENDOSCOPE SIMULATION APPARATUS AND SYSTEM AND METHOD USING THE SAME TO PERFORM SIMULATION - An endoscope simulation apparatus aims to offer improved simulation, a simpler structure and can be fabricated at lower costs. The endoscope simulation apparatus comprises a bracing rack, a spheroid and a controlling bar. The spheroid is held in the bracing rack and turnable freely. The controlling bar is slidable relative to the spheroid in a passage running through the center of the spheroid to control rotation of the spheroid. The bracing rack has an inner side spaced from the spheroid to hold at least two direction sensors. The controlling bar has a depth sensor. The controlling bar is a simulated endoscope and also is insertable and retractable. The invention can be turned at a greater angle and provide improved simulation through the turnable spheroid. Through the direction sensors and depth sensor that are linked to a computer, the turning angle and insertion depth of the simulated endoscope can be measured. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273135 | System for Displaying and Interacting With Palpatable Feature - A training aid for of a medical procedure where a substance is injected under the skin is disclosed that provides a user with the sensation of “pushing” the substance under the skin to smooth out raised areas. The training apparatus includes an artificial skin area with a raised feature protruding there from that is provided by cam-driven lifters positioned under the artificial skin area. The raised feature simulates the injected substance and may be touched and manipulated by the user. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273137 | TIME TEACHING AIDS AND METHODS - An aid for teaching the concept of time to children and others may include a working analog clock and a manipulative analog clock having features substantially identical to the working analog clock. The working analog clock may be used alone or in conjunction with the manipulative analog clock. Both clocks each include distinctive non-numerical elements such as distinctive wedge sections representing five minute intervals and distinctive hour and minute hands. The manipulative clock may be used by the child or other user by manually moving one or both of the hands to certain ones of the wedge sections such as a section representing the time of the completion of a desired time interval. At the end of the desired time interval or duration, the corresponding hand on the working clock will be disposed at the corresponding certain one of the wedge sections on the manipulative clock. Thus, the user learns more readily by being involved in setting the manipulative clock himself or herself, and also will know when the end of the interval occurs, thereby more readily learning time intervals. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273138 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF PERSONALIZED LEARNING AND DIAGNOSTIC EXERCISES - A computer-implemented method for automatically generating learning exercises, including determining a target learning item in response to an event, obtaining a knowledge level of a learner in relation to the target learning item based on a model of the learner as produced by an automated learner model, associating a level of difficulty with the obtained knowledge level of the learner, retrieving a learning exercise pattern from an exercise pattern database, automatically generating a learning exercise relating to the retrieved learning exercise pattern based on the model of the learner and the associated level of difficulty; and presenting the learning exercise to the learner via an exercise interface. | 2010-10-28 |
20100273139 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING AN ANSWER - A method of providing an answer, comprising receiving a criteria, identifying a subset of a set of answers in a data store based on the criteria, calculating a random value for each of the answers in the subset, ranking the subset of answers based on the random values, selecting one of the answers of the subset based on the ranking; and providing an output including the selected answer. | 2010-10-28 |