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36th week of 2008 patent applcation highlights part 26
Patent application numberTitlePublished
20080212115IMAGE PROCESSING METHOD, IMAGE PROCESSING APPARATUS, IMAGE READING APPARATUS, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS - When a reference image to which a document image is judged as being similar for the first time is not the first document sheet of the document type which contains this reference image, error occurrence is concluded so that the page number indicated by a counter is set to be an error occurrence position. In case that the reference image to which the document image is similar is the last document sheet of the document type, when the number of document images having been counted up by the time when this document image is judged as being similar to the reference image does not correspond with the number of reference images contained in the document type, error occurrence is concluded so that the page number indicated by a counter is set to be an error occurrence position.2008-09-04
20080212116IMAGE PROCESSING APPARATUS, IMAGE PROCESSING METHOD, AND COMPUTER-READABLE RECORDING MEDIUM - An image processing apparatus includes plural output processing units one for each of different image output units and an input processing unit that processes image data input from an image input unit to output an image in an image format compatible with one of the image output units.2008-09-04
20080212117METHOD OF CONTROLLING COLOR IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS - A method of controlling a color image forming apparatus capable of preventing an image from being distorted at a boundary of a color image region due to mis-registration to improve printing quality. The method includes determining whether original image data is in a color image region, detecting boundary region information on a plurality of color channels when the original image data is in the color image region, selecting a channel to be extended using the detected boundary region information, and extending the selected channel.2008-09-04
20080212118DYNAMIC IMAGE DITHERING - Systems, apparatuses, and methods for dynamic image dithering for a printing device are described herein. Embodiments may include an image processing module to process a source image file to provide a dithered image file with print data for each of a plurality of image locations. Printing substance may be deposited and the image processing module may provide the dithered image file with additional print data based at least in part on the deposited printing substance. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.2008-09-04
20080212119Printer unit with print engine that expands compressed image data - A printer unit is arranged to print documents received from a computer system. The printer unit has a print engine having control electronics. The control electronics are configured to receive document image data from the computer system in the form of a compressed, multi-layer page image. They buffer the image and expand the image to generate an expanded contone layer, a black layer and a layer for infrared printing.2008-09-04
20080212120POSITION CORRECTION IN HANDHELD IMAGE TRANSLATION DEVICE - Systems, apparatuses, and methods for correcting position in a handheld image translation device are described herein. The handheld image translation device may include a position module to determine a first position of the device and a print module to deposit a printing substance on a medium adjacent to the device based at least in part on the position. The device may also include an image capture module to capture surface images of the section of the medium with printing substance deposited thereon. These surface images may be used by the position module to determine subsequent positions of the device. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.2008-09-04
20080212121Document data processing apparatus, document data processing system and recording medium - A document data processing apparatus comprising: an obtaining portion for obtaining transmitted document data; a giving portion for giving the obtained document data multiple pieces of recommended information to recommend an operation when outputting; and a transmitting portion for transmitting document data to a destination, the document data carrying multiple pieces of given recommended information.2008-09-04
20080212122Controlling program, controlling apparatus, image forming apparatus and print controlling method - There is described a controlling program, a controlling apparatus, an image forming apparatus and a print controlling method, each to be employed in the variable-data printing. The controlling apparatus that controls a variable-data printing to create plural sets of print products based on print data provided with a variable field to which variable printing contents are to be applied for the plural sets of the print products, so as to convert the print data to raster image data, includes: a record acquiring section to acquire the plural records to be applied to the variable field; and a specifying section to specify, for each of the plural sets of print products, one kind of paper sheet out of plural kinds of paper sheets, based on correlation information in which the plural records and the plural kinds of paper sheets are correlated with each other.2008-09-04
20080212123Printer and output method employed in the printer - A printer which has a direct-printing function for reading and printing information stored in a storage device and which includes: an interface unit which receives the storage device, the storage device storing file information including content information for print or display and restrictive information for controlling output of the content information; a reading unit which reads the restrictive information from the storage device; a setting unit which sets indication information indicating the file information according to the content information and the restrictive information; and an indication outputting unit which outputs information based on the indication information set by the setting unit.2008-09-04
20080212124IMAGE TRANSFERRING APPARATUS - An image transferring apparatus for transmitting image data to a file server has an image input unit allowing input of image as the image data, a memory section for storing the image data, and registration and transmission information of the image data, and a communication controller for transmitting the image data stored in the memory section to the file server. The communication controller has a judgment unit for making a judgment based on the registration and transmission information of the image data as to whether communication condition of the image data is normal or not. The communication controller transmits a request for deleting the image data to the file server in a case where the judgment is made that the communication condition is not normal during transmission of the image data stored in the memory section to the file server.2008-09-04
20080212125Printer control apparatus and method - The invention seeks to improve the accuracy of management of remaining amount of ink in a printer in which remaining amount of ink is managed based upon amount of ink consumed. If a print job is sent to a printer, first the printer is requested for status information that includes a warning concerning remaining amount of ink. When the status information is received from the printer, it is determined whether the status information indicates the possibility that ink has been replaced. If the information indicates such possibility, then the user is prompted to enter the nature of the ink replacement. If the user makes an entry to the effect that the ink replacement was performed, then the current status information of the printer is acquired again and discriminated. If possibility that ink has been replaced is indicated in this status information as well, then the printer is sent a command for initializing the information relating to remaining amount of ink.2008-09-04
20080212126Printing device and network printing system - To provide a printing device capable of automatically sending pixel map format data for printing to an external computer. Source information of PDL data is held, which can be obtained when the PDL data is received from a print requesting client computer. The PDL data is converted into pixel map format data for printing. The pixel map format data for printing is printed and also converted into general-purpose image format data. The general-purpose image format data and the source information are automatically sent to an image transmission destination client computer specified in advance.2008-09-04
20080212127Image formation apparatus - In the image formation apparatus according to the present invention, a plurality of detection ections outputs binary signals to a detection identification control section, and an image formation control section for control of periphery of the engine of the apparatus outputs a detection section identifying signal and a detection eon period signal to the detection identification control section. Also, the detection identification control section outputs a detection result of the detection sections as detection data to a control board. A plurality of driver sections are connected to a driver identification control section via a data line through which driving signals for driving a section to be driven are transmitted. Accordingly, the present invention provides a versatile image formation apparatus with a reduced number of output lines which can deal with a change of image formation system without increasing the number of signal lines.2008-09-04
20080212128IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS, NETWORK SYSTEM COMPRISING THE SAME AND METHOD OF MANAGING PART INFORMATION OF THE SAME - An image forming apparatus, a network system including the same and a management method of parts information of the same capable of matching specific information of an exchangeable part with specific information of the image forming apparatus when the specific information of the exchangeable part is not identical that of the image forming apparatus, is provided. It is determined whether the specific information of the image forming apparatus is identical to that of the exchangeable part. If the specific information of the image forming apparatus is not identical to that of the exchangeable part, at least one specific information of the image forming apparatus or the exchangeable part is changed such that the specific information is identical.2008-09-04
20080212129METHOD FOR MANAGING DOCUMENT DATA AND DATA STRUCTURE - A method is provided which enables to know a location of copied document data without the use of a server or others. Document data that is data used for reconstructing a document is managed by combining, in one document object, the document data along with relationship information for identifying other document data generated by reproducing the document data. Likewise, when a reproduction process is performed, the other document data is managed by combining, in one document object, the other document data along with relationship information for identifying the reproduction.2008-09-04
20080212130DATA FILE COMPRESSION APPARATUS AND METHOD THEREOF - An apparatus and method for compressing data. The apparatus can properly select any one of two compression codecs (i.e., the lossless codec and the lossy codec) according to compression capacities, compress the print data using the selected compression codec, and store the compressed data in the memory, such that an overall compression rate is decreased and the memory efficiency increases. Although the data is compressed by the lossy codec and a low compression rate is provided, the user may not notice the deterioration of the image quality. The method for compressing data includes compressing print data using a first codec; storing the compressed data in a memory; monitoring a compression capacity of the stored data; stopping the compression using the first codec based on the compression capacity, and re-compressing the print data using a second codec; and storing the re-compressed data in the memory.2008-09-04
20080212131INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS, INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM - A printing system includes a storage unit (HD) adapted to store a print logs relating to each of a plurality of print data having been printed, the print log including relevant information relating to the print data; a reception unit adapted to receive relevant information relating to print data to be printed; a search unit adapted to search a print log including the relevant information received by the reception unit from the print logs stored in the storage unit; and a display unit adapted to display information indicating a print apparatus that has printed print data corresponding to the print log found by the search unit, which is extracted from the relevant information included in the print log found by the search unit.2008-09-04
20080212132IMAGE PROCESSING APPARATUS AND PRINTING APPARATUS - An image processing apparatus includes an image reading unit that reads an image, the image comprising an image printed on a printing sheet, and a first demarcation line added by a writing tool and demarcating a region of the image, a demarcation line extracting unit that extracts the first demarcation line from the image read by the image reading unit, and an image extracting unit that extracts the region of the image demarcated by the first demarcation line from the image as an extracted image.2008-09-04
20080212133FACSIMILE DELIVERY SYSTEM USING ASSOCIATED IDENTIFIERS - A computer system is provided for delivery of a facsimile using an interactive document printed on a substrate provided for entry of a message using a sensing device. The document includes user information and coded data on a document identity and locations on the document. The sensing device reads the coded data when placed in an operative position relative to the document. The method and computer system allocating and recording an identifier for the document, associating the document with the identifier, causing the document to be printed on the substrate by a networked printer, receiving interaction data representing interaction of the sensing device with the coded data, electronically capturing the message using the interaction data and the recorded identifier and transmitting the message to a designated recipient address for facsimile delivery.2008-09-04
20080212134SYSTEM FOR MANAGING E-MAIL ATTACHMENTS - The present invention is directed to a system for managing e-mail attachments in a data transmission system including a data transmission network and at least one workstation connected thereto and wherein a user of the workstation can receive e-mails from at least one server within the network, at least one e-mail having a document attached thereto. The system includes a system for creating an entry in a document references file containing a reference to the document when the document is detached from the e-mail, the entry containing variable parameters, a system for generating an icon linked to the entry in the document references file, the icon being displayed when the e-mail is displayed, and a continuously running daemon for detecting when any of the variable parameters of the document have been changed, wherein the daemon modifies the parameters in the entry of the document references file in response to a detected change.2008-09-04
20080212135Object image print service system - In a three-dimensional object image print service system capable of printing out a desired three-dimensional object image, a three-dimensional image display apparatus includes a three-dimensional object image generator for generating a three-dimensional object image, based on instructions from an input device operated by a user and a three-dimensional object image generation program previously provided. The three-dimensional image display device further includes a selector for selecting arbitrary part of the three-dimensional object image generated based on instructions from the user, and a transition information generator for generating transition information of a three-dimensional object image representing the selected arbitrary part of the three-dimensional object image. The three-dimensional object image arbitrarily selected by the user can be reproduced based on the transition information and the three-dimensional object image generation program.2008-09-04
20080212136IMAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM, IMAGE PROCESSING APPARATUS, AND IMAGE PROCESSING METHOD - In a digital multi-function peripheral, image data to be output and first log information are generated based on an image forming job. Second log information embedded as digital watermark information is detected from the image data, and the reliability of the digital watermark information is computed. If the reliability is high, the first log information is held in a property storage unit 2008-09-04
20080212137IMAGE FORMING DEVICE AND CONTROL METHOD THEREFOR - An image forming device includes a control unit configured to control by sorting common setting information valid among a plurality of devices and specific setting information valid for a specific device, an internal storage device configured to store setting data that includes a pair of setting data of identification information indicating a type of setting item and setting values, an external storage device controller configured to control to input and output the setting data with a detachable external storage device, and a selective-write device configured to select and write the setting data read from the external storage device based on the predetermined criteria.2008-09-04
20080212138NON-SEQUENTIAL TRANSFER OF PDF DATA FOR PDF DIRECT PRINTING - In a PDF direct printing method, an intelligent parser is provided on the client computer to parse out and transfer to the printer blocks of PDF data in an order in which the data will be used by the PDF rendering process of the printer. The directory information block of the PDF file is transferred first, and the printer can start the rendering process soon after the directory information block is received, before the entire PDF file is transferred to the printer. The blocks of PDF data are stored on the printer, and the memory locations of the blocks of data stored on the printer are recorded in a memory allocation database. The PDF rendering process of the printer accesses the memory allocation database to obtain the memory location of the block of PDF data it will need next for rendering, and retrieves that block of data for processing.2008-09-04
20080212139METHOD OF ENABLING INTERACTION WITH COMPUTER SOFTWARE - A method for enabling user interaction with computer software including, in a computer system generating print data, transferring the print data to a printer which prints a form in response to the print data with information related to an interactive element coincident with coded data indicative of the interactive element, receiving indicating data from a sensing device which senses the coincident coded data to generate the indicating data to be indicative of the interactive element, identifying, using the indicating data, the interactive element, and performing an action associated with the interactive element. The coded data is indicative of an identity, and the computer system determines the identity using the indicating data and a page description using the identity, and identifies the interactive element using the page description.2008-09-04
20080212140METHOD OF ENABLING PRINTED INTERACTION WITH COMPUTER SOFTWARE - A method for enabling user interaction with computer software including, in a computer system determining information related to an interactive element, determining an identity indicative of the interactive element, determining a layout defining an arrangement for the information and coded data indicative of the identity, generating print data indicative of the identity, layout and information, transferring the print data to a printer responsive to the print data to print a form by printing the information coincident with the coded data, receiving indicating data from a sensing device generated by the sensing device sensing the coincident coded data so as to be indicative of the interactive element, identifying, using the indicating data, the interactive element, and performing an action associated with the interactive element.2008-09-04
20080212141Information embedding method, information obtaining method and apparatus - According to an aspect of an embodiment, a method of embedding information into an image comprises dividing the image into a plurality of blocks, providing a plurality of embedded blocks corresponding to the plurality of blocks, respectively, each of the embedded blocks having the same size as each of the blocks when each of the blocks is smaller than a predetermined size, each of the embedded blocks having the predetermined size and being placed at the center of each the block when each of the blocks is not smaller than the predetermined size and selectively modifying the characteristic value of each of the embedded blocks in accordance with the information to be embedded.2008-09-04
20080212142Image Processing Apparatus and Information Writing Apparatus - An image processing apparatus includes: a receiving unit which receives print data; a determining unit which determines whether or not the print data received by the receiving unit includes confidential information; a printing unit which prints an image on a recording medium including an IC tag, in accordance with the print data; and a writing unit which writes, into the IC tag of the recording medium, distinctive information indicating that confidential information is printed on the recording medium when it is determined that the print data includes confidential information.2008-09-04
20080212143Image recording apparatus and method for restoring recording head for image recording apparatus - An image recording apparatus includes a manuscript reader which reads a manuscript to generate image data; a recording head which has nozzles for discharging an ink and which discharges the ink from the nozzles to record an image on a recording medium based on the image data; a restoring mechanism which performs a restoring operation for restoring a discharge state of the nozzles; a controller which controls the manuscript reader and the restoring mechanism; and an instruction receiver which receives an instruction to generate the image data by reading the manuscript and record the image based on the image data. If the instruction receiver receives the instruction, the controller controls the manuscript reader to execute reading of the manuscript, and the controller controls the restoring mechanism based on a time at which the instruction is received to execute the restoring operation.2008-09-04
20080212144Methods and apparatus for secure facsimile transmissions to electronic storage destinations - A method for a computer includes determining a call-in fax telephone number called by a facsimile transmission device, receiving the facsimile transmission from a facsimile transmission device including a digitized representation of a transmission page including an optical representation of a e-mail address, determining the e-mail address optically, which is independent of the call-in number, determining a graphics template associated with the call-in number, combining a digitized representation of the transmission page with the graphics template to form a digitized representation of a composite page, formatting the digitized representation of the composite page into a second format, determining additional service provider data in response to the facsimile or the scanned image, and transmitting the additional service provider data and the digitized representation of the composite page in the second format to the electronic destination address.2008-09-04
20080212145IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED PEOPLE AND IMAGE FORMING METHOD OF THE IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS - An image forming method of an image forming apparatus includes generating voice data based on image data, which will be transmitted, if a voice attaching signal is input, and transmitting at least one of the image data and the voice data to an external device, so that a visually impaired person can identify the image data when receiving and transmitting the image data.2008-09-04
20080212146Image signal processing circuit, image reading device, and image forming apparatus - An image signal processing circuit including a gain control circuit capable of performing gain control operation, and an image reading device or an image forming apparatus incorporating the image signal processing circuit.2008-09-04
20080212147IMAGE CAPTURING DEVICE AND METHOD OF CAPTURING AN IMAGE - An image capturing device includes: at least two field limiting parts which limit a field of view to a dot-like section to define a passage of light; a light sensor which detects light passing through the field limiting parts; a scanning device which moves a scanning spot defined by the dot-like section in two-dimensional directions within a scanning area of an image to be captured; and a control device which controls movements of the scanning spot by the scanning device while receiving detection signals from the light sensor.2008-09-04
20080212148IMAGE SENSOR - An image sensor includes a light source; a bar-shaped light-guiding element having a first light-emitting section, which propagates light from the light source and irradiates an document from an oblique direction, and a second light-emitting section emitting light in a carrying direction of the document; a lens converging the light reflected from the document; a sensor receiving the light passed through the lens; a reflector disposed on the opposite side of the light-guiding element, by reflecting the light from the second light-emitting section such that an optical path of the light emitted from the second light-emitting section is located between the lens and the document, and irradiating the document from an oblique direction; and first and second light-scattering layers formed in areas opposed to the first and the second light-emitting sections, respectively, in the light-guiding element.2008-09-04
20080212149IMAGE READING APPARATUS - To set at least the main portion of a read original on an image reading apparatus while avoiding a discontinuous portion, the position of the discontinuous portion of photoelectric conversion element arrays is indicated, or an original holder to be used to set the original while avoiding the discontinuous portion is arranged.2008-09-04
20080212150Digital Document Capture and Storage System - The invention relates to a digital document acquisition and storage system, comprising a stand with a support arm hinged thereto and a digital camera, which has an image acquisition area that can be displayed by means of an optical positioning aid and is connected to an electronic data processing device. The aim of the invention is to develop a digital document acquisition and storage system with which it is easy to precisely align the document during reading for electronic acquisition, resulting in a file which gives a qualitative representation of the document which largely matches that of the original. The aim is achieved using a system in which the digital camera has a resolution of at least two million pixels and the optical positioning aid is a single laser which, using a lens, displays a border of the image acquisition area with four guide edges.2008-09-04
20080212151Rain Sensor, for a Motor Vehicle in Particular, and Method for Producing the Rain Sensor - The invention relates to a rain sensor, especially for a motor vehicle, said sensor comprising an optical waveguide (2008-09-04
20080212152SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ENCRYPTION OF A HOLOGRAPHIC IMAGE - A system and method for encryption of a holographic image is disclosed. The method includes the operation of producing a beam of light having at least two wavelengths of light. The beam of light can be split to form an illumination beam and a reference beam. Amplitude information can be added to the illumination beam with an intensity control device to form an object beam. Wavelength information can be selected in the object beam to form a spatial color modulated object beam. The reference beam and spatial color modulated object beam can be directed to a predetermined location on the holographic media to interfere to record an interference pattern.2008-09-04
20080212153Controllable Illumination Device - The invention relates to a controllable illumination device for an autostereoscopic or holographic display, which illumination device contains an illumination matrix of primary light sources having at least one luminous element per light source and a controllable light modulator (SLM) and a reproduction matrix. A computer-generated hologram (CGH) illuminated by the primary light sources (2008-09-04
20080212154MOTION COMPENSATED LIGHT-EMITTING APPARATUS - A light-emitting apparatus, for enabling a beam of light to be projected on a desired target located a distance away to project the beam on the desired target without any or substantially any undesired movement. The apparatus may include a housing, a light generating device located within the housing and operable to generate a beam of light, a sensing device or devices for sensing an undesired action of the housing, a control circuit operable to provide a control signal corresponding to the sensed undesired action, and a drive device operable to counter act all or at least some of the undesired action of said housing in accordance with said control signal. The sensing device or devices may be one or more gyroscopes, accelerometers or other such devices.2008-09-04
20080212155Optical scanning device and image forming apparatus using the same - An optical scanning device including a light beam emission unit configured to emit a light beam, a main scanning line deflection unit configured to deflect the light beam in a main scanning direction to emit a scanning beam, a scanning lens configured to focus the scanning beam in the main scanning direction and a sub-scanning direction, a reflective optical element configured to deflect the scanning beam, a tilt adjustment unit configured to change a position of the reflective optical element to adjust a tilt of a scanning line of the scanning beam irradiating a target to be irradiated, and a curve adjustment unit configured to bend the reflective optical element to adjust a curve in the scanning line of the scanning beam irradiating the target to be irradiated.2008-09-04
20080212156OPTICAL SCANNING DEVICE, OPTICAL SCANNING METHOD, PROGRAM, RECORDING MEDIUM, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS - An optical scanning device is configured to identify a light-emitting unit at the start of writing on the basis of a sub-scanning resist displacement and selects a combination of four light-emitting units according to the light-emitting unit at the start of writing. The optical scanning device predicts the amount of deformation of pixel according to the combination and adjusts a light volume of light emission from a light-emitting unit to be corrected using the amount of deformation. Thereby, a pixel with an excellent shape quality can be constantly formed regardless of the combination of the light-emitting units and a pixel formed of multiple dote can be accurately and stably formed.2008-09-04
20080212157Optical switching system and control method for micro mirror - An optical switching system includes a connection information memory portion (2008-09-04
20080212158ELECTROMECHANICAL DYNAMIC FORCE PROFILE ARTICULATING MECHANISM - An electromechanical dynamic force profile articulating mechanism for recovering or emulating true parallel plate capacitor actuation behaviors from deformable membranes used in MEMS systems. The curved deformation of flexible membranes causes their MEMS behavior to deviate from known interactions between rigid plates that maintain geometric parallelism during ponderomotive actuation. The present invention teaches three methods for reacquiring parallel plate behavior: superaddition or in situ integration of a rigid region within or upon the deformable MEMS membrane; creation of isodyne regions to secure parallelism by altering the force profile upon the membrane by introducing tuned and shaped voids within the conductive region associated with the membrane; and a hybrid composite approach wherein the conductive region is deposited after deposition of a raised rigid zone, thereby emulating isodyne behavior due to the increased inter-conductor distance in the vicinity of the rigid zone, in conjunction with rigidity benefits stemming directly from said zone.2008-09-04
20080212159DIRECT OPTICAL IMAGE PROJECTORS - An apparatus includes a reconfigurable spatial light modulator, a light source, and a transmission filter. The reconfigurable spatial light modulator is capable of producing spatially varying amplitude and/or phase modulations of an incident light wavefront. The light source is configured to direct an illumination light beam towards the reconfigurable spatial light modulator such that the modulator produces a modulated outgoing light beam there from. The transmission filter is configured to spatially filter a light pattern formed by the outgoing light beam and to selectively transmit light from substantially only one diffractive order of the light pattern.2008-09-04
20080212160Electronically Controlled Device With Variable Optical And/Or Power Properties And Power Supply Method Therefor - Electrically controllable system having variable optical/energy properties in transmission or reflection, comprising at least one carrier substrate provided with a multilayer allowing the migration of active species, especially an electrochromic multilayer comprising at least two active layers that are separated by at least one layer having an electrolyte function, said multilayer being placed between two electronic conductors connected respectively to current leads, namely lower and upper leads respectively, characterized in that the layer having an electrolyte function incorporates at least one hybrid layer based on a metal layer and on a passivation layer for passivating the same metal as that of the metal layer.2008-09-04
20080212161Actuating Device Having a Flexible Diaphragm Controlled By Electrowetting - An actuation device with plural positions and including a support, at least one flexible membrane attached to the support forming at least one closed containment with the support with volume filled with at least one first liquid in a form of one or plural drops, and at least a second liquid, the first liquid and the second liquid being immiscible, and an electrical device to modulate the profile of the membrane by controlling the shape of at least one of the drops.2008-09-04
20080212162Method for aligning die to substrate - A method for aligning a micro-mirror device die having a plurality of micro-mirror devices formed on a semiconductor substrate and fixing the micro-mirror device die on the semiconductor substrate can be provided. The method comprises a first alignment step of aligning a first guide portion of the micro-mirror device die and a second guide portion of the package substrate and a fixing step of fixing the micro-mirror device die on the package substrate in a position aligned by the first alignment step using the first and second guide portions.2008-09-04
20080212163Image Display Element, Image Display Sheet, Image Display and Image Displaying Method - An image display element comprises a multilayer film optical filter in which layers of two or more types of materials which reflect or transmit therethrough light of a specific color and have different refractive indexs are alternately superimposed or stacked. The multilayer film optical filter is shaped like a fine particle. The multilayer film optical filter is, for example, a non-light-absorbing interference type color filter which reflects light having a predetermined color and transmits a complementary color of the predetermined color therethrough. Further, multilayer film optical filter is a dielectric multilayer film, a transparent resin multilayer film or a glass multilayer film.2008-09-04
20080212164Information Display Panel and Method For Manufacturing the Same - In an information display panel, in which display media are sealed between a transparent front substrate and a rear substrate, and, in which the display media, to which an electrostatic field is applied from electrodes arranged respectively to the front substrate and the rear substrate, are made to move so as to display information such as an image, the rear substrate is constituted by a flexible material, and a metal electrode is formed on the rear substrate by a patterning process using a vapor deposition and a sputtering or a metal electrode is formed on the rear substrate by effecting a patterning process to a metal film formed by a vapor deposition or a sputtering. In this manner, it is possible to obtain an information display panel, which can improve a flexibility of the rear substrate with the electrode by an inexpensive cost, achieve an easy handling of the substrate and decrease a panel breakage due to a detachment of two substrates.2008-09-04
20080212165Bistable Display Devices - A bistable display device comprises a first substrate (2008-09-04
20080212166FOUR-WAVE MIXING SOURCE OF SQUEEZED LIGHT FOR IMAGE PROCESSING AND INTERFEROMETRY - A four-wave mixing squeezed light source includes: a mixing medium having chi(3) non-linear characteristics including two atomic ground states coupled to each other by transitions through optically-excited states; a pump beam having a polarization and a frequency, said frequency being near the ground-to-excited atomic transition but far enough from the atomic transition such that the pump beam is substantially unabsorbed; and a probe beam having a polarization that is orthogonal with respect to the pump beam polarization, the probe beam having a frequency of the pump beam frequency plus or minus a frequency splitting of the two atomic ground states. The mixing medium, the pump beam and the probe beam interact to produce a phase conjugate beam having a polarization that is orthogonal to the pump beam polarization, such that the beams are non-degenerate with the pump beam, and the probe beam is amplified.2008-09-04
20080212167CASCADED OPTICAL AMPLIFIER AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF - A cascaded optical amplifier including a first optical amplifier and a second optical amplifier in cascaded arrangement is provided. Each of the first optical amplifier and the second optical amplifier has a respective input for receiving an optical signal, an output for outputting an amplified optical signal, and a control input for controlling the gain of the optical amplifier. The cascaded optical amplifier includes a sensor for sensing upstream of the input of the second optical amplier a signal relating to operation of the cascaded optical amplifier. In addition, the cascaded optical amplifier includes a controller for providing control signals to the respective control inputs of the first amplifier and the second amplifier, the controller providing the control signal to the second optical amplifier as a function of the sensed signal.2008-09-04
20080212168Extended depth of field imaging system using chromatic aberration - An imaging system (FIG. 2008-09-04
20080212169Reflector for an Infrared Radiating Element - The invention relates to a reflector for an infrared radiating element. The reflector comprises a metal foil coated with—a first oxide layer deposited on the metal foil; —an infrared reflecting metal layer deposited on said first oxide layer; and—a second oxide layer deposited on said infrared reflecting layer. The first oxide layer is functioning as a diffusion barrier layer and is preventing the diffusion of the metal of the infrared reflecting layer in the substrate. The second oxide layer is functioning as a protective layer for the infrared reflecting layer giving the infrared reflecting layer the required thermal stability.2008-09-04
20080212170CATADIOPTRIC PROJECTION OBJECTIVE - A catadioptric projection objective for imaging a pattern provided in an object plane of the projection objective onto an image plane of the projection objective comprises: a first objective part for imaging the pattern provided in the object plane into a first intermediate image; a second objective part for imaging the first intermediate imaging into a second intermediate image; a third objective part for imaging the second intermediate imaging directly onto the image plane;2008-09-04
20080212171Microscopy System - The invention relates to a microscopy system for representing an object that can be placed on an object plane (2008-09-04
20080212172Image Processing Method for a Microscope System - An embodiment is disclosed for performing the image processing for analyzing the results of a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) microscopic automated sample analysis to determine specific chromosomal characteristics.2008-09-04
20080212173Illumination Optical Apparatus and Optical Apparatus - There are provided an illumination optical apparatus and an optical apparatus using this illumination optical apparatus that are capable of efficiently collecting light emitted from a light-emitting section for illumination with less illumination nonuniformity, without having to employ a complicated structure. There are provided a light-emitting sections; a lens system for converting a diverging beam emitted from the light-emitting section into a beam of collimated light; an afocal optical system for adjusting the cross-sectional area of a beam of collimated light obtained by the lens array; a fly-eye lens for forming a plurality of light-source images from the collimated light whose cross-sectional area is adjusted by the afocal optical system; and a Koehler illumination optical system that uses the plurality of light-source images formed by the fly-eye lens as a light source.2008-09-04
20080212174Positioning Mechanism and Microscope Using the Same - A positioning mechanism capable of decreasing width and size and a microscope using the positioning mechanism are provided.2008-09-04
20080212175Telescope Mount - A mounting and adjustment device for an optical observation system includes at least one optical observation instrument and a pedestal, and at least one element integrally associable with said optical observation instrument and at least one element integrally associable with the pedestal. The at least one element is also integrally associable with the optical observation instrument and the at least one element integrally associable with the pedestal is operatively connected in a pivoting manner to at least one pivoting fulcrum and is pivotable around pivoting axes positioned transversely with respect to one another. The device additionally comprising adjustment bodies for the operation of the pivoting.2008-09-04
20080212176SELF-ALIGNING TELESCOPE - Embodiments of the present disclosure include self-aligning telescope control systems and self-alignment methods. In an embodiment, a telescope control system orients a telescope with respect to the celestial sphere by pointing the telescope in the direction of an alignment star or alignment area of the sky. The telescope control system images a field of view in the alignment area, and processes the images to determine the celestial coordinates of a center of the filed a field of view the alignment area. The telescope control system then maps the telescope's coordinate system to the celestial coordinate system. Once mapped, the telescope control system can advantageously slew the telescope to any desired celestial object in the viewable sky based on, for example, user selection, system recommendations, combinations of the same, or the like.2008-09-04
20080212177Diffusion sheet, rear projection screen provided with diffusion sheet, method of manufacturing mold for diffusion sheet, and method of manufacturing diffusion sheet - In a diffusion sheet 2008-09-04
20080212178Diffusion sheet, rear projection screen provided with diffusion sheet, method of manufacturing mold for diffusion sheet, and method of manufacturing diffusion sheet - In a diffusion sheet 2008-09-04
20080212179METHOD OF OPTICAL MANIPULATION OF SMALL-SIZED PARTICLES - Method and system of optical manipulation of micrometer-sized objects, which comprises the steps of placing a pattern (2008-09-04
20080212180POLARIZATION INDEPENDENT RAMAN IMAGING WITH LIQUID CRYSTAL TUNABLE FILTER - A high passband transmission ratio in microscopic Raman spectral imaging and other applications is obtained by splitting a light beam from an objective lens into two orthogonal polarized components processed along laterally spaced paths through the same liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) and imaging lens. At least one of the beams from a polarizing beam splitter is rotated using a wave plate, to cause both beams to be polarized at the nominal plane polarization angle required at the input to the LCTF. Laterally spaced beams emerge from the LCTF to be focused through a same imaging lens, as a single image on a CCD photosensor array. This arrangement ideally achieves 100% transmission in the passband, compared to 50% if the light beam had been coupled directly to the LCTF.2008-09-04
20080212181Retroreflective Sheet Structure - A retroreflective sheet structure (2008-09-04
20080212182TWO-SIDED CORNER-CUBE RETROREFLECTORS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME - In a retroreflective sheeting, and methods of formation thereof, the sheeting comprises a body of material, the body having a first surface and a second surface. A plurality of first full-square-sided corner-cube structures are on the first surface of the body, the first full-square-sided corner-cube structures each having three facets that lie along planes that are orthogonal to each other. A plurality of second full-square-sided corner-cube structures are on the second surface of the body, the second full-square-sided corner-cube structures each having three facets that lie along planes that are orthogonal to each other. The body is constructed and arranged to be transparent to incident electromagnetic energy at a range of wavelengths and to have a thickness so that an incident electromagnetic energy ray that is incident at one of the first and second surfaces enters the body, and is redirected by both the first surface and the second surface so that both the first surface and the second surface contribute to retroreflection of the incident electromagnetic energy ray, and exits from the one of the first and second surfaces at which the incident electromagnetic energy ray was incident to emit a retroreflected electromagnetic energy ray of the incident electromagnetic energy ray.2008-09-04
20080212183Lithographic apparatus, aberration correction device and device manufacturing method - An aberration correction device useable in lithography comprises two elements, at least one of which is relatively rotatable to the other about, for example, an optical axis. One surface of each element has an aspheric form describable by higher Zernike polynomials. When the two surfaces are rotationally aligned, the device has the optical effect of a plane plate. If there is a small relative rotation of the two elements the effect of the device is a phase shift describable by the derivative of the aspheric form. The correction device may be used to correct aberrations caused by lens heating, especially with illumination modes and pattern types resulting in strong off-axis localized pupil filling in the projection system.2008-09-04
20080212184Zoom Lens and Imaging Apparatus - Provided are a zoom lens and an imaging apparatus using the zoom lens, the zoom lens being suited for achieving compactness without increasing the number of lenses and being capable of implementing motion blur compensation. The zoom lens includes lenses arranged in order from an object side into a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, a fourth lens group having positive refractive power, and a fifth lens group having positive refractive power. In the event of a shift of a lens position mode from a wide angle end mode to a telephoto end mode, the first lens group is fixed along an optical axis direction, the second lens group moves to an image side, the third lens group is fixed along the optical axis direction, the fourth lens group compensates for a fluctuation in an image plane position due to the shift of the second lens group, and concurrently moves along the optical axis direction in a close-distance focusing event, and the fifth lens group is fixed along the optical axis direction. An aperture diaphragm is disposed in the vicinity of the third lens group. The fifth lens group includes a negative sub lens group having negative refractive power and a positive sub lens group having a positive refractive power, wherein the image can be shifted in conjunction with a shift of the positive sub lens group in a direction substantially perpendicular to the optical axis. The zoom lens satisfies conditional equation (1) given as 0.62008-09-04
20080212185Laser Optical Device - In a laser optical device including a beam shaping optical system 2008-09-04
20080212186Long-distance quantum communication - The invention provides systems and methods enabling high fidelity quantum communication over long communication channels even in the presence of significant loss in the channels. The invention involves laser manipulation of quantum correlated atomic ensembles using linear optic components (2008-09-04
20080212187Antiglare film - An antiglare film is disclosed comprising of an antiglare layer having a surface irregularity on a transparent base material, wherein the antiglare layer includes a binder matrix, an organic particle A and a particle B, and the value that an average particle size of the organic particle A is divided by an average film thickness of the antiglare layer is in the range of 0.4 to 0.7, and the value that an average particle size of the particle B is divided by an average particle size of the organic particle A is in the range of 0.3 to 0.7, and the content of the particle B relative to the organic particle A in the antiglare layer is in the range of 50 wt % to 200 wt %.2008-09-04
20080212188Low Glare Rear-View Mirror for Vehicles - A low-glare motor-vehicle includes a color reproduction index R2008-09-04
20080212189Vehicle Mirror Assembly With Indicia At Reflective Element - A rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a reflective element having at least one substrate with a reflective coating thereon. A specularly reflective indicia reflector is established to form indicia or information at the reflective element. The indicia reflector provides a visible contrast to the main mirror reflector so that the indicia or information is subtly viewable by a person viewing the mirror assembly. The reflective element reflects light incident thereon over the surface coated by the reflective coating of the main mirror reflector, including the area at which the indicia reflector is established.2008-09-04
20080212190ANTIGLARE FILM - An antiglare film is disclosed including a transparent substrate; and an antiglare layer including a binder matrix and a particle, wherein reflectivity of 5° angle of a surface of the antiglare film which surface is in the antiglare layer side among both sides of the antiglare film is 2.4-4.4%, wherein image clarity (C2008-09-04
20080212191Optical arrangement and optical method - An optical arrangement comprising at least one first light-emitting element (LE2008-09-04
20080212192Micro-Optic Security And Image Presentation System - A film material utilizing a regular two-dimensional array of non-cylindrical lenses to enlarge micro-images, called icons, to form a synthetically magnified image through the united performance of a multiplicity of individual lens/icon image systems. The synthetic magnification micro-optic system includes one or more optical spacers (2008-09-04
20080212193Micro-Optic Security And Image Presentation System Presenting A Synthetically Magnified Image That Appears To Lie Below A Given Plane - A film material utilizing a regular two-dimensional array of non-cylindrical lenses to enlarge micro-images, called icons, to form a synthetically magnified image through the united performance of a multiplicity of individual lens/icon image systems. The synthetic magnification micro-optic system includes one or more optical spacers (2008-09-04
20080212194Scanned-Beam Heads-Up Display and Related Systems and Methods - A heads-up display that includes a scanner and a projection assembly. The scanner generates an image by sweeping a beam of electromagnetic energy, and the projection assembly directs the image into a predetermined viewing space having a region with a substantially uniform intensity profile. Such a heads-up display can often be made smaller than a conventional heads-up display, and can often generate an image having a higher quality than an image generated by a conventional display. Furthermore, one can often calibrate and recalibrate such a display without physically modifying or replacing a component of the display or of a vehicle incorporating the display.2008-09-04
20080212195IMAGE DISPLAY APPARATUS - An image display apparatus is disclosed in which the position of an exit pupil can follow the movement of a pupil of an observer even with a small size. The apparatus includes an image-forming element which forms an image, an ocular unit which causes light from the image-forming element to form an exit pupil, and an optical element which reflects the light from the image-forming element toward the ocular unit. The optical element has an optical power and is rotated about a focal point of the ocular unit on the side closer to the image-forming element to move the exit pupil.2008-09-04
20080212196Display device for vehicle and supporting method for adjusting display position thereof - A display device for a vehicle is provided, by which a driver of the vehicle is free from a trouble of adjusting a display position of the virtual image without cost-up of the device. When the support start detecting means detects a support start timing of adjusting a reflection angle, for example, a timing of an operation of an operation switch or a start of an operation, the rotation control means controls the rotating means so that the reflecting member having a reflection angle indicated by the reflection angle data stored in the reflection angle data storing means is (a) rotated within an adjustment supporting range on a condition that the reflecting member is reflecting the display light from the display source and (b) returned to a reflection angle indicated by the reflection angle data.2008-09-04
20080212197Aberration correction apparatus - An aberration correction apparatus comprising a liquid crystal device which includes a first electrode layer that is formed with regions divided concentrically, a second electrode layer that is formed with regions divided concentrically, and a liquid crystal that is sandwiched in between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and which transmits an incident light beam therethrough, an objective lens which condenses the light beam transmitted through the liquid crystal device, and a liquid-crystal-device drive circuit which drives the liquid crystal device, wherein the liquid-crystal-device drive circuit impresses a potential which belongs to a predetermined region included in a liquid crystal characteristic that is a relationship between potentials impressed on the respective electrode layers sandwiching in the liquid crystal therebetween and a phase change magnitude of the light beam transmitted through the liquid crystal, on the concentric regions formed in the first electrode layer, and it impresses a potential which belongs to a region included in the liquid crystal characteristic and exhibiting a smaller phase change magnitude per unit drive voltage than in the predetermined region, on the concentric regions formed in the second electrode layer, whereby an aberration of the light beam is corrected.2008-09-04
20080212198Molded lens and molding tool - A lens is manufactured by hardening soft material filled inside a molding tool by cooling. The lens includes a convex lens portion having an optical axis, and a marking portion located outside of an effective diameter of the lens portion. The shape or the position of the marking portion is set to prevent deformation of the marking portion by contact with the molding tool due to shrinkage of the material during cooling.2008-09-04
20080212199MICROSCOPE OBJECTIVE LENS - A microscope objective lens is disclosed that includes, in order from the object side, a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having positive refractive power that is movable along the optical axis, and a third lens group. The first lens group includes, in order from the object side, two meniscus lens components, each with its concave surface on the object side, and at least one positive lens component, and the third lens group has adjacent concave lens element surfaces that face each other and are in contact with air. Specified conditions may be satisfied, and one or more lens components in the first lens group and the second lens group may be movable.2008-09-04
20080212200Telephoto zoom lens - The present invention is directed to a compact large-aperture-ratio inner-focusing telephoto zoom lens of the reduced total lens extension where minimizing a photo-shooting distance down to as short as 1 meter does not cause the lens optics to displace accordingly greater during the focusing. The large-aperture-ratio inner-focusing telephoto zoom lens has four groups of lens pieces, namely, the 1st lens group of positive refractive power, the 2nd lens group of negative refractive power, the 3rd lens group of positive refractive power, and, the 4th lens group of positive refractive power arranged in series on the basis of “closer to a subject first,” and that has the 2nd and 3rd lens groups moved along the optical axis to vary a magnification power. In such a telephoto zoom lens, the 1st lens group includes the leading subgroup of lens pieces or foremost lens subgroup G1F and the trailing subgroup of lens pieces or rear lens subgroup G1R where the G1F has two of a concave lens piece and a convex lens piece cemented into a single piece of composite lens while the G1R has a composite lens of one concave lens piece and two convex lens pieces in series. The rear lens subgroup G1R in the 1st lens group is moved along the optical axis for the focusing, and the telephoto zoom lens has an optical property that satisfies requirements as follows:2008-09-04
20080212201ZOOM LENS AND OPTICAL APPARATUS HAVING ZOOM LENS - Providing a compact zoom lens exhibiting optical performance, of which a chromatic aberration in a telephoto state is well corrected. The zoom lens includes a plurality of lens groups, the plurality of lens groups includes at least three lens groups with positive refractive power, each of the three lens groups with positive refractive power has a positive lens, and given conditional expressions are satisfied.2008-09-04
20080212202ZOOM LENS SYSTEM AND OPTICAL APPARATUS USING THE SAME - Providing a zoom lens system excellently correcting various aberrations with accomplishing to be compact, lightweight, and slim upon being accommodated, and to provide an optical apparatus using the zoom lens system. The system consists of, in order from an object, a first group G2008-09-04
20080212203Zoom lens - A zoom lens includes a first and a second lens group respectively having negative and positive refractive power, and changes a focal length by changing a distance between the first and the second lens group. The second lens group includes a first lens having positive refractive power and a convex surface, a second lens having positive refractive power, an aspheric surface, and a convex surface, a third lens having negative refractive power, a fourth lens having positive refractive power, and a fifth lens including one lens or more having positive refractive power. The third and the fourth lenses are connected, and the zoom lens satisfies Nd2008-09-04
20080212204Lens Module - Combining one or more elements of a beam shaping assembly in a lens module to, for example, reduce the mechanical tolerances in construction of the assembly. An exemplary lens module comprises a molded plastic lens with alignment features, a cylindrical surface, a focusing surface, and an aperture. The aperture is formed by surface positioned on the lens module at an angle greater than the angle for total internal reflection.2008-09-04
20080212205Optical Lens System for Taking Image - An optical lens system for taking image, from object side along the optical axis comprises an aperture stop, a first lens element, a second lens element, and a third lens element. The first lens element is a positive meniscus lens element with its convex surface facing the object side. The second lens element is a negative meniscus lens element with its convex surface facing the image side. The third lens element is a positive meniscus lens element with its convex surface facing the object side. The three lens elements are made of plastic, and both surfaces of each lens element are aspheric. The focal length of the optical lens system is f, the focal lens of the first lens element is f2008-09-04
20080212206ZOOM LENS HAVING IMAGE STABILIZING FUNCTION - A zoom lens includes, in order from object to image sides, first and second lens units having positive and negative refractive power, respectively, and a rear lens group including at least one lens unit having positive refractive power. The rear lens group includes a lens unit IS having negative refractive power and movable in a direction having a component perpendicular to an optical axis so as to displace an imaging position, and a lens unit R_IS having positive refractive power and arranged on the image side of the lens unit IS. The distance between the lens units IS and R_IS is varied during zooming. The following conditions are satisfied:2008-09-04
20080212207IMAGING LENS - An imaging lens is provided and includes: in order from an object side of the imaging lens, an aperture diaphragm; a first lens having a positive refractive power and having a convex surface on the object side; a second lens having a negative refractive power and having a concave surface on the object side; and a third lens having a meniscus shape having a convex surface on the object side in the vicinity of an optical axis thereof, each of the first lens, the second lens and the third lens having at least one aspherical surface, and the imaging lens satisfying the following conditional expressions.2008-09-04
20080212208LENS SET ADAPTED TO WEBCAM - The invention discloses a lens set adapted to a webcam. The webcam has a first focal length. The lens set according to the invention includes a first lens and a second lens. The first lens is used to refract a light to generate a refracted light substantially parallel to an optical axis of the first lens. The second lens is used to focus the refracted light and project it to the webcam. The combination of the lens set and the webcam has a second focal length smaller than the first focal length.2008-09-04
20080212209OPTICAL LENS DEVICE SOLDERABLE TO SUBSTRATE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE OPTICAL LENS DEVICE - A method of manufacturing an optical lens device includes the steps of forming a lens barrel into the shape of a quadrangular prism having corners that have a shape having a radius of curvature or that are chamfered, and installing a lens into the lens barrel; disposing in parallel a plurality of the lens barrels in which a plurality of the lenses are installed; masking the lens at one side face of each lens barrel disposed in parallel, and the vicinity of the lens; and depositing a gold layer by sputtering on the one side face of each masked lens barrel, including the corners.2008-09-04
20080212210Optical element and optical element holder - An optical element including a first groove extending from first end of the outer peripheral face in an optical axis direction towards second end, and a second groove connected to the first groove and extending from second end of the outer peripheral face in the optical axis direction towards first end; and a position-adjusting concave part which is between the first and second grooves and adjusts positions by adjusting member in the optical axis direction, a revolving direction about the optical axis, a width direction of first and second grooves, which is orthogonal to the optical axis, and in a synthesized direction that is a combination of at least two of those directions, wherein the optical element is molded by using only a first molding die for molding a part on the first groove side and a second molding die for molding a part on the second groove side.2008-09-04
20080212211IMMERSION LITHOGRAPHY OBJECTIVE - An immersion lithography objective has a housing in which at least one first optical element is arranged, a second optical element, which follows the first optical element in the direction of the optical axis of the objective, an immersion medium that adjoins the second optical element being located downstream of the latter in the direction of the optical axis, and a retaining structure for the second optical element. The retaining structure has a greater stiffness in the direction of the optical axis than in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis.2008-09-04
20080212212MAGNETIC COUPLED ACTUATOR - A magnetic coupled actuator includes a lens which is movable in an optical axis direction AX, a lens frame which is coupled with the lens, a lens barrel which seals and accommodates the movable lens and the lens frame to be airtight, a permanent magnet which is disposed at an outer side of the lens barrel, facing the lens frame, and is disposed to be movable in the optical axis AX direction, and a wire of which, one end is coupled with the permanent magnet, and which moves the permanent magnet in the optical axis AX direction. At least one of the lens frame and the permanent magnet is a magnetic field generating means.2008-09-04
20080212213Light-Shielding Highly Reflective Multilayer Sheet, and Thermoformed Body and Case Using Same - The present invention provides a light shielding highly reflective laminated sheet, which is a multilayer sheet comprising at least two layers, wherein the total light reflectance (Y value) of the surface of the first layer is 96% or more, the total light reflectance (Y value) of the surface of the outermost layer opposite to the first layer in the multilayer sheet is 30% or less and the total light transmittance of the laminated sheet is 0.3% or less, and a thermomolded article and a case using thereof. In application to light reflection for a liquid crystal backlight unit and the like, the light shielding highly reflective laminated sheet, the thermomolded article and the case using thereof of the present invention can prevent light leakage from a lamp holder portion and also make it possible to integrate a plurality of components of the backlight unit into a single body owing to improved workability of the sheet.2008-09-04
20080212214FIXING STRUCTURE OF OPTICAL ELEMENT - A fixing structure of an optical element such as a half mirror may include an optical element, a fixing member such as a frame which is formed with a reference surface, a first adhesive and a second adhesive which are used to fix the optical element on the reference surface. The first adhesive is coated so as to extend over the reference surface and the optical element, and the second adhesive is coated at a position where separation of the optical element from the reference surface due to thermal expansion of the first adhesive is restricted. An exposed side of the first adhesive is preferably formed in an opposite direction to an exposed side of the second adhesive with respect to the reference surface.2008-09-04
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