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23rd week of 2011 patent applcation highlights part 7
Patent application numberTitlePublished
20110132294WATER PUMP FOR VEHICLE - A water pump for a vehicle may include a pulley provided with a through bore formed at a middle portion thereof, a clutch compartment being formed at a rear surface along a circumference of the through bore, a brake pad mounted at an interior surface of the clutch compartment of the pulley, a clutch disk disposed in the clutch compartment of the pulley corresponding to the brake pad, a hub coupled to the through bore of the pulley through a pulley bearing, and connected to the clutch disk through a plurality of spring pins mounted at an external circumferential portion thereof, a return spring mounted at the spring pin between the clutch disk and the hub, and applying elastic force to the clutch disk, a field coil disposed in the clutch compartment of the pulley and wrapped a coil case and a cover corresponding to a rear surface of the clutch disk, and a main shaft rotatably mounted to a pump body through a pump bearing, and provided with one end portion connected to a middle portion of the hub and the other end portion connected to an impeller by interposing a sealing unit therebetween, wherein the clutch disk comprises a plurality of first ring members piled up coaxially, each first ring member has a different diameter, and first molding portions which are operated as nonmagnetic adhesives are formed between the first ring members.2011-06-09
20110132295COOLING STRUCTURE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - A spacer arranged inside a water jacket which is formed to surround peripheries of cylinder bores in a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine includes support legs extending in an up-and-down direction from a spacer main body part which partitions the water jacket into an upper and lower cooling water passages. The support legs are disposed in opposite end portions in a cylinder row line direction, where the temperatures of the cylinder bores tend to be lower. Accordingly, even if the flow of cooling water is more or less inhibited by the support legs and the cooling effect deteriorates, it is possible to prevent the temperatures of the respective cylinder bores from becoming different by suppressing the influence to a minimum.2011-06-09
20110132296Engine Arrangement with Integrated Exhaust Manifold - An integration of the exhaust manifold into the cylinder head, initially for turbo application, is proposed, and an associated cooling concept is provided. This serves to achieve significant improvements in characteristic features whilst at the same time affording significantly reduced system costs. The advantages of this application are demonstrated taking a four-cylinder petrol engine constructed with direct fuel injection and turbo-charging as an example. Particularly worth emphasizing are the reduced fuel consumption in the ranges at or close to full load, reduced CO2011-06-09
20110132297ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC VARIABLE VALVE LIFT APPARATUS - An electro-hydraulic variable valve lift apparatus may include a housing, a master portion which is slidably disposed to the housing and contacts a cam, a first oil supply portion which supplies hydraulic pressure, a slave piston which is slidably disposed within the housing and defines an oil chamber with the master portion, a latching portion which is supplied the hydraulic pressure from the first oil supply portion and selectively connects the slave piston and the master portion, a second oil supply portion which selectively supplies hydraulic pressure to the oil chamber so as to control relative distances between the master portion and the slave piston when the slave piston is disengaged with the master portion, and a stepped portion formed to the housing between the master portion and the slave piston to elastically support the master portion.2011-06-09
20110132298VALVE BRIDGE WITH INTEGRATED LOST MOTION SYSTEM - A system and method of actuating one or more engine valves is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system comprises: a valve train element; a rocker arm pivotally mounted on a shaft and adapted to rotate between a first position and a second position, the rocker arm selectively receiving motion from the valve train element; a valve bridge disposed above the one or more engine valves; and a lost motion system disposed in the valve bridge.2011-06-09
20110132299VARIABLE VALVE LIFT APPARATUS - A variable valve lift apparatus may include a variable valve lift housing, a master piston which is slidably disposed in the variable valve lift housing and contacts a cam, a slave piston which is slidably disposed in the variable valve lift housing, defines an oil chamber with the master piston therebetween, and opens a valve connected to the slave piston according to reciprocative motion of the master piston, and a lift control portion which supplies oil to the oil chamber or exhausts oil in the oil chamber selectively to control a relative distance between the master piston and the slave piston.2011-06-09
20110132300DRIVING ASSEMBLY FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE ENGINE BRAKE - A driving assembly for a motor vehicle engine or exhaust brake comprises a driveshaft (2011-06-09
20110132301ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC VARIABLE VALVE LIFT APPARATUS - An electro-hydraulic variable valve lift apparatus may include a valve unit housing of which a guide protrude portion is formed therein, a main piston which is slidably disposed in the valve unit housing and defines a valve adjusting oil chamber with the valve unit housing, a main spring which is disposed within the valve adjusting oil chamber and elastically supports the main piston on the guide protrude portion, a dependent piston which is slidably disposed within the valve unit housing, is guided along the guide protrude portion, reciprocates according to reciprocation of the main piston, and opens a valve, and a main oil supply portion which selectively supplies hydraulic pressure to the valve adjusting oil chamber.2011-06-09
20110132302ROCKER ARM CHANGEOVER DEVICE FOR ENGINE - A rocker arm changeover device for an engine includes a major rocker arm to drive intake or exhaust valves. A driven rocker arm is arranged in line with the major rocker arm. A changeover pin is movable within a first pin hole and a second pin hole and to change between engagement and disengagement of the major and driven rocker arms. The first pin hole coaxially matches the second pin hole through rocking motions of the major and driven rocker arms. A first pin is movable within the first and second pin holes between a disengagement position at which the first pin is retracted into the first pin hole and an engagement position at which the first pin protrudes from the major rocker arm. A second pin is movable relative to and coaxially with the first pin within the first pin hole.2011-06-09
20110132303DEVICE FOR VARIABLE ADJUSTMENT OF THE TIMING OF GAS EXCHANGE VALVES OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - A device for the variable adjustment of the timing of gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine, which has a hydraulic phase shifting device, a camshaft and a pressurizing distributor. The phase shift device can come into drive linkage with a crankshaft and is rigidly connected to the camshaft. A phase position of the camshaft relative to the crankshaft can be variably adjusted by the phase shift device. The interior of the camshaft has a cavity that communicates with one or more camshaft bearings which are separate from a rotating pressurizing means conveyor. The pressurizing distributor is disposed in a receiving area of the camshaft. The camshaft has an opening in the area of the pressurizing means distributor which with the interior of the camshaft and the rotating pressurizing conveyor. A pressurizing path is designed inside the camshaft which communicates with the opening and the hydraulic phase shift device.2011-06-09
20110132304CAM FOLLOWER FOR ROCKER ARM AND CAM FOLLOWER DEVICE - A cam follower for a rocker arm includes a cylindrical outer ring (2011-06-09
20110132305VARIABLE TAPPET - The present invention relates to a variable tappet, and the variable tappet may include an inner tappet body of which a latching member connecting hole is formed thereto, a protrude portion formed to the latching member connecting hole, an outer tappet body which is disposed around the inner tappet body and slidable to the inner tappet body and a latching member which is disposed to the outer tappet body and selectively connected to the latching member connecting hole.2011-06-09
20110132306Method for Operating an Engine with a Fuel Reformer - Methods for operating a flexible fuel engine with a fuel reformer which reforms a fuel into a gaseous fuel reformate are provided. Operating parameters of the fuel reformer and delivery of reformate to the engine are adjusted based on an alcohol content of the fuel.2011-06-09
20110132307METHOD FOR STARTING AN ENGINE - A method for improving starting of an engine that may be repeatedly stopped and started is presented. In one embodiment, the method disengages a starter in response to a first predicted combustion in a cylinder of the engine. The method may reduce one-way clutch degradation of a starter. Further, the method may reduce current consumption during engine starting.2011-06-09
20110132308METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR ASSISTED DIRECT START CONTROL - Methods and systems are provided for controlling a vehicle system including an engine that is selectively deactivated during engine idle-stop conditions. One example method includes, during a first condition, engaging an engine starter, without applying a starter current, to the deactivated rotating engine after the engine speed drops below a threshold speed. The method further includes, during a second condition, engaging the starter and adjusting a starter motor switch to apply a starter braking torque to the rotating engine.2011-06-09
20110132309OSCILLATORY ROTARY ENGINE - An oscillatory rotary engine comprising a toroidal housing having an intake port and an exhaust port. The housing supports an output shaft and a plurality of stacked rotors are disposed within the housing and coupled to the output shaft. Each rotor includes a plurality of pistons disposed in spaced relation to each other about a circumference of the rotor. A resilient coupler connects the rotors to the output shaft. Preferably, the coupler comprises a plurality of nested spiral cuts extending through the rotor. Each piston may include a pawl that is operative to engage ratchets located around the housing, thereby allowing rotation of each rotor in only one direction. The oscillatory rotary engine may further include a compression bypass port that is operative to relieve intake air pressure during compression, whereby the engine has a compression ratio that is less than its expansion ratio.2011-06-09
20110132310SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING GAS DISTRIBUTION IN AN INTAKE MANIFOLD - A system for improving distribution of gases within an intake manifold of an engine is presented. The system may be used to improve engine air-fuel control. In one example, turbulence of gases entering an intake manifold is increased.2011-06-09
20110132311INTAKE SYSTEM INCLUDING VACUUM ASPIRATOR - In some examples, reduced engine displacement reduces an engine's ability to provide brake booster vacuum. The present application relates to intake systems including a vacuum aspirator to generate vacuum.2011-06-09
20110132312INTAKE SYSTEM OF ENGINE - An intake system of an engine, may include first and second intake passages that are collaterally disposed to the engine, first and second shafts that are collaterally disposed along the first and second intake passages respectively, first flaps and second flaps that are mounted on the first shaft and the second shaft so as to open or close the first intake passages and the second intake passages respectively, an inter-lever, of which one end portion is pivotally and eccentrically connected to the first shaft and the other end portion is pivotally and eccentrically connected to the second shaft, and through which a rotation of the first shaft is transferred to the second shaft, and a driving portion connected to the first shaft and rotating the first shaft to have the first flaps and the second flaps open or close the first intake passages and the second intake passages respectively.2011-06-09
20110132313INTAKE SOUND GENERATOR - An intake sound generating apparatus may include a tuning cap having a pressing force adjusting member, an upper cap having a predetermined length and detachably coupled to the tuning cap, a lower cap disposed under the upper cap and detachably coupled to the upper cap, and a membrane that is interposed and supported between the lower cap and the upper cap and pressed by the pressing force adjusting member of the tuning cap to generate sound while being vibrated by pulse pressure of air supplied to the lower cap.2011-06-09
20110132314CAST IRON ALLOY FOR CYLINDER HEADS - A lamellar graphite cast iron alloy is described which, as additives, has 2.80% by weight-3.60% by weight carbon (C), 1.00% by weight-1.70% by weight silicon (Si), 0.10% by weight-1.20% by weight manganese (Mn), 0.03% by weight-0.15% by weight sulphur (S), 0.05% by weight-0.30% by weight chromium (Cr), 0.05% by weight-0.30% by weight molybdenum (Mo), 0.05% by weight-0.20% by weight tin (Sn) and the usual impurities, and also described is a cylinder head which can be obtained therefrom.2011-06-09
20110132315Multi-cylinder reciprocating rotary engine - A highly efficient, low weight-to-power ratio and adjustable high compression, gasoline or diesel internal combustion engine consisting of a multitude of cylindrical casings parallel to each other or aligned sequentially on one axle. Each casing having one radially extending vane affixed to a shaft rotatably mounted within the casing upon two end plates and one longitudinally extending wall affixed on the inside of the casing. The casing and/or the end plates equipped with plurality of ports and conduits which enable communication between interior chambers of the cylinders, allowing for intake of combustible air-fuel mixture and exhaust thereafter. Ignition means delivering a spark at the end of each working cycle. An extendable and adjustable connecting rod assembly converting the oscillating bi-directional rotary motion of the power output shaft into a continuous unidirectional motion of the main shaft. A self lubricating mechanism incorporated into the engine.2011-06-09
20110132316SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION CONTROL IN HOMOGENEOUS CHARGE COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE SYSTEMS - An engine control system for a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine includes a position determination module, a position correction module, and a valve control module. The position determination module determines an initial position of an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve based on a predetermined function of a desired EGR flow, intake manifold pressure, exhaust manifold pressure, and exhaust gas temperature. The position correction module determines a position correction for the EGR valve based on pressure in a cylinder of the HCCI engine. The valve control module commands the EGR valve to the initial position during a transition from spark ignition (SI) combustion to HCCI combustion, and commands the EGR valve to a final position within a predetermined period after the transition, wherein the final position includes a sum of the initial position and the position correction.2011-06-09
20110132317SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR HEATING INTAKE AIR DURING COLD HCCI OPERATION - A system for controlling intake airflow of an engine includes a mode determination module, a throttle valve control module, and a valve actuation module. The mode determination module generates a mode signal based on an engine speed signal and an engine load signal. The mode signal indicates one of a spark ignition mode and a homogeneous charge compression ignition mode. The throttle valve control module generates a valve control signal based on the mode signal, a temperature signal, and a plurality of valve position signals that indicate positions of first and second throttle valves. The throttle valve control module controls the positions of the first and second throttle valves to regulate flow rates of intake air into an intake manifold of the engine via a heat exchanger based on the valve control signal. The valve actuation module actuates the first and second throttle valves based on the valve control signal.2011-06-09
20110132318HCCI MODE SWITCHING CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD - A control system and method for operating an engine includes a threshold determination module that determines a plurality of combustion mode thresholds based on the engine speed and engine temperature. The control module also includes a transition module that compares the engine load and the plurality of combustion mode thresholds and changes a combustion mode of the engine in response to comparing the engine load and the plurality of combustion mode thresholds.2011-06-09
20110132319INTEGRATED FUEL INJECTOR IGNITERS HAVING FORCE GENERATING ASSEMBLIES FOR INJECTING AND IGNITING FUEL AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF USE AND MANUFACTURE - Embodiments of injectors configured for adaptively injecting and igniting various fuels in a combustion chamber are disclosed herein. An injector according to one embodiment includes an end portion configured to be positioned adjacent to a combustion chamber, and an ignition feature carried by the end portion and configured to generate an ignition event. The injector also includes a force generator assembly and a movable valve. The force generator assembly includes a first force generator separate from a second force generator. The first force generator creates a motive force to move the valve between the closed and open positions into the combustion chamber. The second force generator is electrically coupled to the ignition feature and provides voltage to the ignition feature to at least partially generate the ignition event.2011-06-09
20110132320FLUID INJECTION PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM - A system including, an internal combustion engine including a combustion chamber, a first injector to provide a first injection fluid to the combustion chamber, and a heated pressurization system to heat the first injection fluid in a pressure vessel to achieve a sufficient injection pressure.2011-06-09
20110132321Fuel Injector Diagnostic for Dual Fuel Engine - Various systems and methods are described for controlling fuel injection of a dual fuel engine which includes first and second fuel rails and first and second fuel pumps. In one example, while pumping is suspended in the second fuel rail, the first fuel is injected to all but one cylinder of the engine and the second fuel is injected to the one cylinder in a predetermined sequence. As such, the fuel injector injecting to the one cylinder is isolated and its performance may be assessed without significantly affecting engine performance.2011-06-09
20110132322Multi-Function Throttle Valve - An engine system comprises an air cleaner, a combustion chamber coupled to an intake port, and an intake manifold. The intake manifold is configured to receive air from the air cleaner, and, under some conditions to receive exhaust from the combustion chamber. The engine system further comprises a multifunction, barrel-type throttle valve coupled to the intake port via an outlet, the throttle valve having a first inlet coupled to the intake manifold and a second inlet coupled to the air cleaner.2011-06-09
20110132323METHOD FOR IMPROVING TRANSIENT ENGINE OPERATION - A method for operating an engine with a fuel reformer is presented. In one embodiment a method for operating an engine by injecting a gaseous fuel and a liquid fuel to at least an engine cylinder is presented. The mixture of an engine cylinder may be diluted with EGR and a fraction of gaseous fuel may be increased relative to a fraction of liquid fuel injected to a cylinder in response to an operator tip-out.2011-06-09
20110132324LINEAR TRANFORMATION ENGINE TORQUE CONTROL SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INCREASING TORQUE REQUESTS - A method of operating an engine of a vehicle includes generating a first torque request. The method includes generating a second torque request that is greater than and based on the first torque request, increasing a torque output of the engine based on the second torque request at a first rate and during a first period, and increasing the torque output of the engine based on the first torque request at a second rate and during a second period. The first period is distinct from and before the second period, and the first rate is greater than the second rate.2011-06-09
20110132325SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REDUCING PARTICULATE MATTER PRODUCED BY AN ENGINE - A method for reducing particulate matter emitted by an engine is disclosed. In one example, the start of fuel injection timing is adjusted in response to a change in engine operating conditions. In particular, start of injection timing may be advanced and then retarded to promote fuel vaporization.2011-06-09
20110132326Reformate Control via Accelerometer - Engine surge includes oscillations in engine torque resulting in bucking or jerking motion of a vehicle that may degrade driver experience. The present application relates to increasing reformate entering an example engine cylinder in response to engine surge.2011-06-09
20110132327ABNORMALITY DETECTION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - An object of the present invention is to provide an abnormality detection device that is used with an internal combustion engine having a valve drive mechanism capable of halting the drive of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve, and able to detect the abnormalities of a valve drive halt function. The internal combustion engine includes a knock sensor capable of sensing the seating sound of the intake valve and/or the exhaust valve. An ECU detects whether a control signal given to the valve drive mechanism is a valve drive signal or a valve halt signal. In accordance with the result of detection by the ECU and the presence of the seating sound in an output of the knock sensor, the abnormality detection device judges whether or not the valve drive mechanism is abnormal.2011-06-09
20110132328PASSIVE AND SEMI-ACTIVE DIESEL AND GASOLINE FUEL MODULE - A vehicle fuel system may employ a fuel pump module with a reservoir within a fuel tank. The system may also employ a fuel injection common rail, a fuel supply line leading from the fuel pump module reservoir to the fuel injection common rail, and a fuel return line leading from the fuel injection common rail through a fuel pump module flange. Additionally, the system may employ a first return fuel check valve to release fuel only into a reservoir jet pump and/or a transfer jet pump, while a second return fuel check valve may release fuel only directly into the fuel pump module reservoir. An electric fuel pump within the reservoir may have a fuel pump check valve and supply fuel only to the reservoir jet pump and/or the transfer jet pump, and not to an engine, when activated by a pressure sensor in the fuel return line.2011-06-09
20110132329FUEL INJECTION VALVE FOR ARRANGEMENT IN A COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - A fuel injection valve for arrangement in a combustion chamber (2011-06-09
20110132330System and Method for Injecting Fuel to a Gaseous Fueled Engine - A method for controlling injection timing for a gaseous fuel injector is described. In one example, the fuel injector is opened with a saturating fuel injector at a predetermined crankshaft angular position. In one embodiment, the predetermined crankshaft angular position corresponds to at least one crankshaft angular position where battery voltage increases during engine cranking.2011-06-09
20110132331VACUUM SUPPLY SYSTEM - A method of operating a boosted engine system is described in which an ejector coupled with a fuel vapor purging system can generate vacuum during both purging and non-purging conditions, and during both boosted and non-boosted conditions. The vacuum can therefore be used to power vacuum actuated brakes, and/or other vacuum actuators, irrespective of the purging conditions, and irrespective of boost levels.2011-06-09
20110132332FUEL ADAPTATION FOR IC ENGINE - A method for controlling an automotive internal combustion engine (2011-06-09
20110132333INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH WORKING, PISTON AND CONTROL PISTON - The invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising two opposed pistons sharing the same cylinder (FIG. 2011-06-09
20110132334Warming Intake Air Using EGR Cooler in Dual-Throttle Boosted Engine System - A method for providing intake air to an engine in a vehicle comprises delivering compressed fresh air and EGR to the engine via first and second throttle valves coupled to an intake manifold of the engine. During a higher engine-load condition, an EGR exhaust flow is cooled in a heat exchanger and the cooled EGR exhaust flow is admitting to the intake manifold. During a lower engine-load condition, fresh air is warmed in the heat exchanger, and the warmed fresh air is admitted to the intake manifold.2011-06-09
20110132335Stored Compressed Air Management for Improved Engine Performance - A method for providing air to a combustion chamber of an engine, the engine including a compressor and a boost tank selectably coupled to an intake manifold. The method includes varying a relative amount of engine exhaust in air pressurized in the boost tank based on engine operating conditions, and discharging the air pressurized in the boost tank to the intake manifold.2011-06-09
20110132336Discharging Stored EGR in Boosted Engine System - A method for controlling an engine with exhaust gas recirculation is provided. The method comprises directing EGR from exhaust downstream of an exhaust-aftertreatment catalyst to mix with fresh air upstream of an intake compressor and upstream of a throttle valve, and, in response to increased throttling by the throttle valve, discharging the mixed EGR and fresh air from downstream of the intake compressor to the exhaust downstream of the exhaust-aftertreatment catalyst.2011-06-09
20110132337EXHAUST TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - Systems and methods are provided for operating an engine exhaust system. In one example, a system comprises a first valve, and a second valve coupled to the first valve via a shaft. A first position of the shaft situates the first valve closed and the second valve open, a second position situates the second valve closed and the first valve open by a first amount, and a third position situates the second valve closed and the first valve open by a second, larger amount.2011-06-09
20110132338IGNITION COIL FOR AN ENGINE - The present invention features an ignition coil for an engine, in which a small-sized condenser is directly installed in an LV pin (low voltage pin) of the ignition coil and efficiently removes noises, is disclosed. In preferred embodiments, the ignition coil includes an outer casing defining the appearance of the ignition coil, a first spool inserted in the outer casing and having a second spool therein, an LV pin installed in an upper portion of the first spool, and a condenser installed in the LV pin.2011-06-09
20110132339Multiple Coil Distributor and Method of Use Thereof - A multiple coil distributor comprising a distributor, a distributor cap and a plurality of ignition coils. The plurality of ignition coils are disposed with the distributor cap and individually connect to an associated spark plug. The multiple coil distributor further comprises an electronic control unit and a sensor mechanism. The sensor mechanism comprises a trigger wheel and is in electrical communication with the electronic control unit. Each individual ignition coil is in electrical communication with the electronic control unit. The multiple coil distributor provides a spark for an internal combustion via obtaining the multiple coil distributor, installing the multiple coil distributor within the engine compartment of a car, rotating the trigger wheel, signaling the electronic control unit via the sensor mechanism when the trigger wheel is a selected position and sparking a selected ignition coil corresponding to a selected spark plug via the electronic control unit.2011-06-09
20110132340FUEL ALCOHOL CONTENT DETECTION VIA AN EXHAUST GAS SENSOR - Various systems and methods are described for an exhaust gas sensor coupled to an exhaust system of an engine. One example method comprises, during selected engine fueling conditions, alternating between applying first and second voltages to the sensor; and identifying an amount of alcohol in fuel injected to the engine based on sensor outputs at the first and second voltages.2011-06-09
20110132341Delay Compensated Air/Fuel Control of an Internal Combustion Engine of a Vehicle - A fuel control approach that compensates for time delays to increase exhaust gas sensor feedback response speed.2011-06-09
20110132342FUEL ALCOHOL CONTENT DETECTION VIA AN EXHAUST GAS SENSOR - Various systems and methods are described for an exhaust gas sensor coupled to an exhaust system of an engine. One example method comprises, during selected engine fueling conditions, alternating between applying different voltages to the sensor; and identifying an amount of alcohol in fuel injected to the engine based on sensor outputs at the different voltages.2011-06-09
20110132343RAPID FIRE BLOW GUN TOY - A blow gun includes a hollow ammunition chamber having an internal volume that is large enough to hold at least 30 spherical projectiles, for example plastic BBs. The ammunition chamber has a breath receiving orifice, and a firing port. A barrel obtrudes from the hollow ammunition chamber through the firing port. The barrel has a cylindrical bore therethrough, that defines an internal diameter that is greater than the spherical projectile diameter but no greater than 1.7 times the spherical projectile diameter. The barrel has an outer surface that is in sliding contact with the firing port. The barrel may have a storage position in which most of the barrel is disposed within the internal volume of the hollow ammunition chamber, and a firing position in which most of the barrel is disposed outside of the hollow ammunition chamber.2011-06-09
20110132344EXTENSION GRIP FOR BOW - Exemplary embodiments are directed to an extension grip for a bow. Exemplary embodiments of the extension grip may be adaptable to different styles of bows risers and/or grips. An exemplary embodiment of the grip extension generally includes a body that is adapted to engage at least a portion of a grip and/or bow riser.2011-06-09
20110132345WIRE SAW DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SAME - A wire saw device for sawing semiconductor material is provided, the wire saw device comprising a wire guide device (2011-06-09
20110132346COOKING DEVICE - A cooking device (2011-06-09
20110132347PORTABLE CHARCOAL GRILL - A portable charcoal grill is disclosed which places charcoal on an internal support mesh located at the bottom of the housing thereof. The portable charcoal grill includes: a fixing string (2011-06-09
20110132348GLIDE RACK - A rack for an appliance includes a main section having a support frame, and at least one arm coupled to the support frame. The arm is movable relative to the support frame between a first position and a second position. The rack further includes a release member operatively connected to the at least one arm, actuation of the release member causing the at least one arm to move from the first position to the second position. In one example, the rack includes pair of arms coupled to the support frame. In another example, actuation of the release member causes both of the arms to move to the second position.2011-06-09
20110132349PORTABLE TEMPERATURE-CONTROLLED WATER HEATER - An apparatus and method for portably heating water for the purpose of showering or cleanup. A flow of water, originating from a supply container, is warmed as it passes through a heat exchanger transferring energy from a heat source. The heated flow of water is deposited into an accumulating container. The water temperature is actively and automatically controlled by a temperature-responsive valve. Responding to the temperature of the flowing water, the temperature-responsive valve varies the flow of water so as to produce an accurate water temperature within the accumulating container. The flow of water is gravitationally motivated by a pressure head differential between the supply container positioned at an upper elevation and the accumulating container positioned at a lower elevation.2011-06-09
20110132350OVEN RANGE - Provided is an oven range. A communication opening which is formed at a front end of a bottom surface of an oven chamber is selectively opened or closed by an opening/closing member linked to the rotation of an oven door for opening or closing the oven chamber. Accordingly, the oven range is advantageous as it uniformly cooks a food and simultaneously prevents a burner from being contaminated.2011-06-09
20110132351WATER HEATING APPARATUS - Disclosed is a solar water heating apparatus comprising a central tank and one or more outer layers wherein at least part of the exterior of the outermost layer is adapted to be exposed to the sun. The outer layers also form water pathways such that, when the tank is substantially filled with water, said water is able to circulate around a path formed by said central tank and the outer layers. A pulsing pump may help circulate the water. An auxiliary heating element may be also provided, such as a small gas burner.2011-06-09
20110132352SUN-TRACKING SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR APPARATUS - A sun-tracking solar energy collector apparatus includes an east-west driving shaft body and a south-north driving shaft body which are coupled in the shape of a cross. A first driving member of an east-west shaft sleeve of the east-west driving shaft body is actuated to turn the south-north driving shaft body in an east-west direction. A second driving member of the south-north driving shaft body is driven by the first driving member to turn an east-west driving shaft of the east-west driving shaft body in a south-north direction and to drive an annular member which is connected with the ends of the east-west driving shaft, such that a holding rack assembly connected with the annular member is actuated in east-west and south-north directions. Solar energy collector modules of the holding rack assembly can track to collect solar energy. Due to the base body in cooperation with the effect of tracking sun, the area occupied by the base body is larger. Thus, the surroundings of the base body can be adapted for parking, charging of a motor-driven vehicle and the like, enhancing its total generating capacity and providing better usage.2011-06-09
20110132353TRANSPORTABLE MULTI-CONFIGURABLE SELF-BALLASTED MODULAR SOLAR POWER UNIT - A transportable multi-configurable self-ballasted modular solar power unit has a support frame and a solar module frame hingedly connected to it. A plurality of solar modules are mounted on the solar module frame and a selected angle is chosen to increase the efficiency of the solar modules. Support arms are used to keep the solar module frame at the selected angle. Four trailer jacks are attached to the perimeter of the support frame and are used to raise and lower the unit. The unit is raised and set on a trailer or a wheel assembly is attached. The unit can then be transported to the selected installation site. Once at the site, the trailer jacks are raised until the trailer can be rolled out from under it. The trailer jacks can be adjusted individually if the surface is not level.2011-06-09
20110132354Method for Nasal Irrigation and Drug Delivery - The present invention provides a method of treating neoplasms of the nasal cavity. Fluid containing corticosteroids held in a canister is atomized via a compressed air supply to create particles sized for penetration and retention in the nasal cavity under pressure that is able to stent open the soft tissues of the nose to deliver the resultant mist into the whole of the nasal passages without the need for the patient to create an airstream through inhalation. The device consists of a main canister with a reservoir to hold the fluid, two air outlets and an insert that is placed over the air outlets, the insert having at least one outlet that is larger than the holes in the air outlet and allows the fluid to be atomized and injected directly into the nasal cavity.2011-06-09
20110132355TREATMENT OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE WITH NEBULIZED BETA 2-AGONIST OR COMBINED NEBULIZED BETA 2-AGONIST AND ANTICHOLINERGIC ADMINISTRATION - Inhalation solutions for administration of beta 2-agonists or combinations of muscarinic antagonists and beta 2-agonists for the treatment of breathing disorders, such as COPD, are provided. The inhalation solutions are administered by nebulization, particularly with a high efficiency nebulizer.2011-06-09
20110132356COMPOSITIONS FOR PULMONARY DELIVERY OF LONG-ACTING B2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR AGONISTS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS AND SYSTEMS - Compositions, methods and systems are provided for pulmonary delivery of long-acting muscarinic antagonists and long-acting β2011-06-09
20110132357COMPOSITIONS, METHODS & SYSTEMS FOR RESPIRATORY DELIVERY OF TWO OR MORE ACTIVE AGENTS - Compositions, methods and systems are provided for pulmonary or nasal delivery of two or more active agents via a metered dose inhaler. In one embodiment, the compositions include a suspension medium, active agent particles, and suspending particles, in which the active agent particles and suspending particles form a co-suspension within the suspension medium.2011-06-09
20110132358INHALER - An inhaler is disclosed. It comprises a housing to receive a strip of blisters each having a puncturable lid and containing a dose of medicament for inhalation by a user, a mouthpiece through which a dose of medicament is inhaled by a user and, an actuator operable to sequentially move each blister into alignment with a blister piercing member. The actuator is also operable to cause the blister piercing element to puncture the lid of a blister such that, when a user inhales through the mouthpiece, an airflow through the blister is generated to entrain the dose contained therein and carry it out of the blister and via the mouthpiece into the user's airway.2011-06-09
20110132359COMPACTABLE INHALING DEVICE - The invention relates to an inhaling device, especially for administration of inhaled treatments for management of bronchopulmonary disorders, comprising a substantially tubular, axial reservoir that delimits an inhaling chamber, of which a first end is joined to a dosing aerosol containing an active principle, and of which a second, opposite end is joined to a means for delivering the treatment, especially a mouthpiece or a face mask, and the reservoir comprises at least a first wall that can move between a compact position and a deployed position, in such a way as to allow said reservoir to adopt a first position, in which it occupies a reduced volume for transport thereof, and a second position, in which it is deployed in a substantially rigid form for use thereof.2011-06-09
20110132360VENTILATOR DEVICE - A ventilator with integrated breathing air humidifier has atleast two defined air pathways provided in the breathing air humidifier, wherein the breathing air humidifier is installed and fixed on a horizontal surface of the ventilator. The ventilator with integratable breathing air humidifier has a breathing air humidifier with atleast a top part and a bottom part, wherein a water reservoir is provided in the bottom part, and wherein the top part cannot be removed from the bottom part when the unit is in atleast one operating mode. The ventilator may have an air humidifier with atleast one water reservoir, and atleast one filing device for the water reservoir in the breathing air humidifier, wherein the filing device can be operated with one hand and/or opened with one hand.2011-06-09
20110132361Ventilation System With Removable Primary Display - The disclosure describes a novel approach for displaying information on a ventilator system. The disclosure describes a novel respiratory system including a removable primary display and system status display. Further, the disclosure describes a novel method for displaying ventilator information and a novel method for controlling a ventilator system.2011-06-09
20110132362Ventilation System With System Status Display Including A User Interface - The disclosure describes a novel approach for displaying information on a ventilator system. The disclosure describes a novel respiratory system including a removable primary display and system status display. Further, the disclosure describes a novel method for displaying ventilator information and a novel method for controlling a ventilator system.2011-06-09
20110132363BREATHING ASSISTANCE APPARATUS - A breathing assistance apparatus operates in alternating inhalation and expiratory phases wherein a) the control means of the apparatus comprise selection means capable of selecting a pressure parameter or a flow rate parameter to define; b) the reference value for the gas source, the selection means are controlled by an automatic control unit being: I) connected to pressure and flow rate sensors situated on the inhalation duct to form a direct closed regulation loop for selecting a reference value parameter, II) associated to a program allowing the selection to be made in real time from a pressure or flow rate signal, so that the association of a direct closed regulation circuit for the selection of a reference value parameter with a valve permitting proportional operation, allows real time control of barometric and volumetric operating modes, between and during the inhalation and expiratory phases. The invention also concerns associated operating processes.2011-06-09
20110132364Ventilator Respiratory Gas Accumulator With Dip Tube - This disclosure describes systems and methods for ventilating a patient with a system that includes an accumulator for storing a gas mixture. The disclosure describes systems and methods for ventilating a patient with a system that includes an accumulator located away from the flow path that reduces or eliminates pockets or burps of an undesirable gas mixture from entering the gas flow path and reaching the patient after a gas mixture change. The disclosure also describes a novel approach for reducing or eliminating these air pockets of undesirable gas by utilizing a dip-tube.2011-06-09
20110132365Ventilator Respiratory Gas Accumulator With Sampling Chamber - This disclosure describes systems and methods for ventilating a patient with a system that includes an accumulator for storing a gas mixture. The disclosure describes a novel approach for determining the concentrations of gas found in the accumulator by utilizing a sampling chamber. The disclosure further describes a novel approach for a fast delivery of a change in gas mixture to a patient by utilizing a variable-sized accumulator. This disclosure also describes systems and methods for ventilating a patient with a system that includes an accumulator located away from the flow path that reduces/eliminates pockets of an undesirable gas mixture from entering the gas flow path and reaching the patient after a gas mixture change by utilizing at least one of a dip-tube, a purge valve, and a variable size accumulator.2011-06-09
20110132366Ventilator Respiratory Gas Accumulator With Purge Valve - This disclosure describes systems and methods for ventilating a patient with a system that includes an accumulator for storing a gas mixture. This disclosure describes systems and methods for ventilating a patient with a system that includes an accumulator located away from the flow path that reduces/eliminates pockets of an undesirable gas mixture from entering the gas flow path and reaching the patient after a gas mixture change by utilizing a purge valve.2011-06-09
20110132367Ventilator Respiratory Variable-Sized Gas Accumulator - This disclosure describes systems and methods for ventilating a patient with a system that includes an accumulator for storing a gas mixture. The disclosure further describes a novel approach for a fast delivery of a change in gas mixture to a patient by utilizing a variable-sized accumulator.2011-06-09
20110132368Display Of Historical Alarm Status - This disclosure describes embodiments of alarm systems and methods for use in devices such as medical ventilators. Embodiments described provide for an apparatus of an interactive multilevel alarm system. Embodiments of the alarms also provide, at a glance, current alarm and device status information and historical alarm information to the operator. Embodiments also direct interaction with the alarming functions of the device by the operator. In some embodiments, additional visual indicators may be provided to identify non-normal or noteworthy operating conditions, such as the use of a therapeutic gas by a mechanical ventilator, so that the operator can assess the impact of that non-normal condition on any current and historical alarm information simultaneously provided.2011-06-09
20110132369Ventilation System With System Status Display - The disclosure describes a novel approach for displaying information on a ventilator system. The disclosure describes a novel system including a removable primary display and system status display. Further, the disclosure describes a novel method for displaying ventilator information and a novel method for controlling a ventilator system.2011-06-09
20110132370BLOOD GLUCOSE REGULATION THROUGH CONTROL OF BREATHING - A respiratory treatment apparatus (2011-06-09
20110132371Alarm Indication System - This disclosure describes embodiments of alarm systems and methods for use in devices such as medical ventilators. Embodiments described provide for an apparatus of an interactive multilevel alarm system. Embodiments of the alarms also provide, at a glance, current alarm and device status information and historical alarm information to the operator. Embodiments also direct interaction with the alarming functions of the device by the operator. In some embodiments, additional visual indicators may be provided to identify non-normal or noteworthy operating conditions, such as the use of a therapeutic gas by a mechanical ventilator, so that the operator can assess the impact of that non-normal condition on any current and historical alarm information simultaneously provided.2011-06-09
20110132372INTRA-NASAL AIR FILTRATION DEVICES AND METHODS - An intra-nasal air filtration device includes a filter material. The filter material is sized to fit a nasal vestibule of a user, is resilient such that it expands after compression for insertion into the nasal vestibule, and blocks passage of airborne particles while permitting passage of air during inhalation by the user. The filter material preferably includes a plurality of synthetic fibers. In some embodiments, the filter material has a density and texture similar to that of a natural sea sponge. In some embodiments, particles of activated charcoal are bonded to the fibers and a synthetic fabric is bonded to at least a portion of an outer surface of the synthetic fibers. A method of manufacturing an intra-nasal air filtration device, a method of filtering airborne particles from an air stream, and a method of enhancing breathing of an individual are also disclosed.2011-06-09
20110132373Biohazard Mask Filter - An exhalate filter medium for a biohazard mask is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and surrounding layers of a wicking material and an antimicrobial material. The exhalate filter may be contained in a removable and replaceable cartridge snap-fit into the surface of a biohazard mask.2011-06-09
20110132374MOLDED MONOCOMPONENT MONOLAYER RESPIRATOR - A molded respirator is made from a monocomponent monolayer nonwoven web of continuous charged monocomponent meltspun partially crystalline and partially amorphous oriented fibers of the same polymeric composition that have been bonded to form a coherent and handleable web which further may be softened while retaining orientation and fiber structure. The respirator is a cup-shaped porous monocomponent monolayer matrix whose matrix fibers are bonded to one another at at least some points of fiber intersection. The matrix has a King Stiffness greater than 1 N. The respirator may be formed without requiring stiffening layers, bicomponent fibers, or other reinforcement in the filter media layer.2011-06-09
20110132375System and Method for Forming a Custom-Molded Medical Mask - A custom medical mask includes a substantially rigid custom-fitted sealing ridge that has been shaped to correspond to a compressed shape of soft tissues of a user's face. The sealing ridge includes first, second, and third ridges. The first ridge corresponds to a first portion of the user's face extending from the user's nose to a first area proximate a lateral perimeter of the user's obicularis-oris muscle. The second ridge corresponds to a second portion of the user's face extending from the nose to a second area proximate a lateral perimeter of the obicularis-oris muscle. The third region corresponds to the lower extension of the obicularis-oris muscle extending from the first area to the second area. The sealing ridge is configured to form a custom-fit seal by conforming to the compressed shape of the user's soft tissues when the mask is pressed against the user's face.2011-06-09
20110132377THERAPEUTIC DEVICE FOR INDUCING BLOOD PRESSURE MODULATION - A Kinetic Recliner Bed or Chair apparatus intended for enhancing blood circulation, and lymph and neural fluid flow throughout a person's body. The person is placed supinely in a comfortable and relaxed state on a bed or chair member that is driven, either at the nominal cyclic rate of a human lymph system's normal lymphangion contraction rate divided by 2, or alternately, at the nominal cyclic rate of a human lymph system's normal lymphangion contraction rate, in a cyclic tilting seesaw mode that alternatively raises the person's upper torso and head above his or her lower extremities, and vice-versa.2011-06-09
20110132378Systems and Methods For Controlling Position - Systems and methods for controlling the position of a user of a wearable positional therapy device are provided. The wearable position therapy device can be configured to monitor and store physiological signals that can be used to assess sleep quality and sleeping position of a user. The device can be configured to be worn around the head, the neck, or body of the user. The device can be configured to provide feedback to a user if the user is sleeping or is positioned in a target position to induce the user to change positions. The feedback can be provided by one or more haptic motors that can be configured to provide various levels of feedback and the level of feedback can be customized based on the user's reaction to the feedback.2011-06-09
20110132379Head-Shape Remodelling Instrument - A cranial orthosis for infants, which can not only prevent the brachycephaly and plagiocephaly but also correct a brachycephalic head into a scaphocephalic head, is provided. The cranial orthosis includes a protective outer cover that is formed of a hard material and having an inner surface formed in a scaphocephalic shape to cover at least an occipital region and sides of a head, and a soft inner cover that is formed of a soft material, shaped to correspond to the protective cover, and mounted on an inner surface of the protective outer cover. The soft inner cover is formed to be spaced apart from a peak portion of the occipital region.2011-06-09
20110132380Mouth guard - A mouth guard comprising a top mouth piece for engaging the top teeth and a bottom mouth piece for engaging the bottom teeth. The mouth guard also comprises a central section having one or more ports for receiving an endotracheal tube, oral gastric tube, and/or oral suction tube. In a first preferred embodiment, a top portion of the central section is attached to the top mouth piece, and a bottom portion of the central section is attached to the bottom mouth piece. In a second preferred embodiment, the entire central section is attached to the bottom mouth piece. The top and bottom mouth pieces are capable of interlocking via male engaging members and female recesses.2011-06-09
20110132381RAPIDLY DEGRADABLE FILTERS VIA ELECTRON IONIZATION - A method of forming a filter for a smoking article which includes exposing cellulose acetate fibers to an electron beam process, wherein electron beam process deacetylates the cellulose acetate fibers to render the cellulose acetate fibers water-permeable; and forming a cellulose acetate rod from a tow of the cellulose acetate fibers. Filter plugs of the cellulose acetate fibers are water-permeable and allow discarded filtered smoking articles to rapidly degrade and expose the components to the environment.2011-06-09
20110132382CIGARETTE PAPER COATED WITH COATING MATERIALS FOR LOW IGNITION PROPENSITY AND A FIRE-SAFE CIGARETTE COVERED BY THE SAME - The present invention relates to a cigarette paper with a coating material for Low Ignition Propensity (LIP) and a fire-safe cigarette having the same. More particularly, the present invention manufacture a cigarette paper by coating a pre-determined area with a coating material for LIP to lower a porosity of the cigarette paper, and relates to a cigarette paper which retains original flavor and taste of the cigarette and has an improved fire-safety and a cigarette having the same. The present invention provides a cigarette paper containing a coating material for LIP having an improved quality as compared to a conventional composition applicable to a fire-safe cigarette and thus capable of retaining the original flavor of the cigarette as well as having ash integrity, and cigarette having the same.2011-06-09
20110132383Layered fingernail extension - A layered fingernail extension to be attached to the tip of a wearer's fingernail to enhance the ornamentality thereof. In one example, decorative artwork is applied to a layer of material and a plurality of decorative moving elements are retained above the art work. The decorative art work establishes a fixed background and the decorative elements create a foreground that moves relative to the background to produce a three-dimensional ornamental and visual effect when the wearer shakes her finger. In another example, decorative art work is applied to bottom, intermediate and top layers of material that are attached one above the other. The decorative art work of the layers cooperate to produce a three-dimensional composite picture.2011-06-09
20110132384ARTIFICIAL NAIL OR TIP ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME - Exemplary embodiments of artificial nail or tip arrangement and method of making the same can be provided. For example, at least one body can be provided which can have a particular surface with a shape that at least approximately corresponds to a shape of at least one portion of a natural nail. Further, an adhesive layer can be secured to at least one portion of the surface of the body. The adhesive layer can have a first surface which adheres to at least one portion of the particular surface of the body and a second surface which is provided to adhere to an upper surface of the at least one portion of the natural nail when directly applied thereto. Further, a removable layer can be provided which covers at least one section of the second surface of the adhesive layer, and which is removable to expose at least one portion of the second surface of the adhesive layer for an application to the upper surface of the portion of the natural nail. The removable layer can include at least one section which extends outwardly outside a periphery of the body.2011-06-09
20110132385SKIN CARE DEVICE - Systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some implementations an abrasive exterior is attached to a body about obtuse to a right-angle of a trapezoid geometry of the body. In some implementations, the body includes a pocket along a longitudinal axis of the body and in some implementations the body includes a groove along a lateral axis.2011-06-09
20110132386Prefabricated nails, apparatus and method for producing - The present invention provides a new paradigm in prefabricated gel nails (also referred to as pre processed) gel nails, that lends itself to the mass production of the nails, in shapes, colors, styles that are close to finished, and are configured to enable the nails to be securely attached to finger nail plates applying a UV cured bonding method.2011-06-09
20110132387Porous, Dissolvable Solid Substrate And Surface Resident Coating Comprising A Skin Treatment Active - The present invention relates to personal care compositions, especially those shave preparation article and skin care articles which are in the form of a porous dissolvable solid substrate having a surface resident coating comprising at least one skin treatment active. The present invention can deliver a consumer benefit as well as allow for separation of any incompatible actives in the substrate versus the coating.2011-06-09
20110132388METHODS FOR PROTECTING KERATINOUS FIBERS COMPRISING APPLYING COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE SILICONE AND AT LEAST ONE FILM FORMING POLYMER - Methods and kits for protecting at least one keratinous fiber, including human keratinous fibers, comprising applying to the at least one keratinous fiber a composition comprising at least one silicone and at least one film forming polymer.2011-06-09
20110132389AGENT FOR FIBERS CONTAINING KERATIN, COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE SPECIFIC AMPHIPHILIC CATIONIC POLYMER, AT LEAST ONE CATIONIC STYLING POLYMER THAT IS DIFFERENT THEREFROM AND AT LEAST ONE FILM-FORMING NON-IONIC AND/OR STABILIZING NON-IONIC POLYMER - Agent for treating fibers containing keratin, in particular human hair, having in a cosmetically acceptable carrier, (a) at least one amphiphilic, cationic polymer comprising at least one structural unit of formulae (I) to (IV), wherein R2011-06-09
20110132390Device, system, and method for applying hair color - A system for coloring hair includes a specialized brush having a narrow tapered end and an elongated handle portion and an opposite bristle head consisting of at least three bristle grouping. Each bristle grouping is separated by a gap. The bristle groupings align with corresponding channels on a color tray. The color tray consists of at least three parallel and elongated channels, each channel can retain a separate color chemical.2011-06-09
20110132391HEATING PLATE FOR A HAIR STRAIGHTENER - A heating plate for a hair straightener including a substantially planar hair engagement surface and at least a first and a second edge defining a periphery of a first end of the hair engagement surface, wherein at least one of the first and second edges includes a tapered-shape profile.2011-06-09
20110132392Oral Hygienic Facility - An oral hygienic-utensil comprised of at least one oral hygienic device such as a toothpick, interdental pick, brush, tongue cleaner, dental flossers and/or oral-substance filled containers for personal use after eating in a location where oral hygienic facilities may not be otherwise available. In some embodiments the oral hygienic device may be permanently attached to the hygienic-utensil, which can serve as a gripping surface for using the oral hygienic device. In other embodiments the oral hygienic device may be displaced in a snap-off or bend-away manner at score lines and/or material-hinges to expose the oral hygienic device for use, either still attached to the hygienic-facility or removed for separate use, optionally configured with a thumb-finger grip tab.2011-06-09
20110132393ARRANGEMENT FOR DISPENSING DENTAL FLOSS - An arrangement for dispensing dental floss consisting of a container and a cocoon of wound dental floss therein. The cocoon is unwound from an aperture though the centre thereof and the arrangement therefore does not need a hub formed within the container to rotatably mount a spool with floss, as is the case in current arrangements. Doing away with this requirement saves considerable space within the container and therefore substantially less material is required to mould the container. Assembly of the arrangement is also subsequently less expensive.2011-06-09
20110132394Method and Apparatus for an In-Situ Ultraviolet Cleaning Tool - The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for an ultraviolet cleaning tool. The cleaning tool includes ultraviolet source spaced apart from a surface having contaminant particles. The ultraviolet source can create ozone between the surface and the ultraviolet source which breaks the chemical bonds between particles and the surface. The apparatus includes a gas feed which introduces a gas to aid the chemical bond. Additionally, the gas feed can introduce a gas to remove the particles from the surface.2011-06-09
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