02nd week of 2011 patent applcation highlights part 6 |
Patent application number | Title | Published |
20110005470 | HEATING APPARATUS - A first flow passage (R | 2011-01-13 |
20110005471 | MOISTURE SEPARATOR REHEATER - A moisture separator reheater ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110005472 | VEHICLE ENGINE - The present invention relates to A vehicle engine ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110005473 | Hydrogen Supply Device and Hydrogen Supplying Method - A hydrogen supply device which generates hydrogen from hydrogen storing material which chemically stores hydrogen by a catalyst, wherein said device comprises valves on the fuel supply port and the exhaust port, and a valve controller which controls timing to opening and close the valves. Fuel supply pressure is 2 to 20 atm. Hydrogen generation pressure is 5 to 300 atm. Exhaust pressure is atmospheric pressure to 0.01 atm. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005474 | Engine Cooling System for a Vehicle - An engine cooling system for a vehicle, and method of operation, includes both an engine driven main coolant pump that may be disengaged by a clutch and an electrically driven auxiliary coolant pump, where each can be used separately or they can be used together to control the amount of coolant flow through the engine cooling system. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005475 | ARRANGEMENT AT A SUPERCHARGED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - An arrangement for a supercharged combustion engine ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110005476 | WATER PUMP OF ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCH TYPE - A water pump of an electromagnetic clutch type, which feeds a coolant with pressure to a water jacket in an engine may include a belt pulley mounted at one end of a bearing shaft for being rotated on the bearing shaft by power transmitted through a belt, an impeller that is fixed to the other end of the bearing shaft, an electromagnetic actuator selectively supplying magnetic force, a clutch operating member movable along the bearing shaft to selectively engage the belt pulley with the bearing shaft by using the magnetic force of the electromagnetic actuator, and an elastic member exerting a force on the clutch operating member to support elastically the clutch operating member toward the belt pulley. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005477 | WASTE HEAT RECOVERING DEVICE - The present invention provides a waste heat recovering device capable of recovering waste heat with good efficiency from various heat sources in an internal combustion engine. The waste heat recovering device for driving an expander | 2011-01-13 |
20110005478 | PRE-CHAMBER - A pre-chamber is provided. In one embodiment, the pre-chamber is part of a two-stroke combustion engine having a cylinder head with a sparkplug receptacle that has a generally frustoconical shape, and the pre-chamber is coupled to the sparkplug receptacle. The pre-chamber may include a cooling jacket with a generally frustoconical shape and a combustion chamber having an upper zone and a lower zone, which may be narrower than the upper zone. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005479 | AIR INJECTION SYSTEM FOR ENGINE EXHAUST - An engine with an exhaust pathway air injection system includes a combustion chamber having an exhaust port and a crankcase having an opening formed in the crankcase. The opening is designed to allow pressure pulses from within the crankcase to be received through the opening. The engine also includes an air pump having an inlet, an outlet, and a pumping mechanism. The air pump is attached to the opening formed in the crankcase. Pressure pulses power the pumping mechanism. Additionally the engine includes a manifold attaching the exhaust port and the pump outlet. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005480 | Constant velocity engine/technology - Constant velocity internal combustion engines/designs capable of converting linear motion to rotary motion or rotary motion to linear motion include a gearshaft rather than a crankshaft, at least one pair of opposed and reciprocating pistons, and the gearshaft controlling the reciprocal linear translation of the pistons. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005481 | Three-Port Pintle Valve for Control of Actuation Oil - A three-port flow control valve comprising a valve body having two opposite-facing valve seats disposed along a central bore terminating in an exhaust port. A supply port communicates with the first valve seat, and a common port communicates with the second valve seat. A pintle shaft connected to an actuating linear solenoid extends along the central bore. A first valve head actuated by the pintle shaft mates with the first valve seat. A second valve head disposed colinearly with the pintle shaft mates with the second valve seat. Opening of the first valve closes the second valve and vice versa. While the solenoid is de-energized the supply pressure keeps the first valve closed. A spring may be disposed between the second valve head and the exhaust port to urge the second valve head to close with the second valve seat. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005482 | DEVICE FOR VARIABLY ADJUSTING CONTROL TIMES OF GAS EXCHANGE VALVES OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - A device for variably adjusting control times of gas exchange valves of an internal combustion engine. The device has a drive element, an output element, a rotation angle limiting device, a control valve and counter-working pressure chambers. Phase adjustment between the output and drive element is initiated by applying pressure to one of the pressure chambers while discharging the other pressure chamber. The rotation angle limiting device, which can be transferred from a locked state into an unlocked state due to pressure, prevents phasing when locked and allows phasing when unlocked. The control valve has a valve housing and a control piston. An inflow connection, an outflow connection, a first and a second working connection and a third working connection are embodied on the valve housing. The working connections are offset in relation to other and do not overlap on the valve housing. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005483 | Switchable finger lever - The invention proposes a switchable finger lever ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110005484 | LASH ADJUSTER - A lash adjuster is provided of which the adjusting screw can be repeatedly and easily brought into the initial set position. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005485 | INSULATOR FOR SPARK PLUG, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE INSULATOR, SPARK PLUG, AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SPARK PLUG - A method for manufacturing a ceramic insulator for a spark plug. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005486 | Vehicle control device and method for idle stop control for the same - A vehicle control device for a vehicle system automatically stops an internal combustion engine of a vehicle when a predetermined stop condition is satisfied and automatically starts the automatically stopped internal combustion engine when a predetermined start condition is satisfied. A stop point detection unit detects a stop point, at which the vehicle possibly stops, while the vehicle travels based on map information stored in a map information storage unit. A traveling information control unit stores traveling information, which includes a state of the vehicle stopping at a stop point and a state of the vehicle passing by the stop point, in the traveling information storage unit. A stop determination unit determines whether to stop the internal combustion engine when the vehicle stops at a stop point based on the traveling information of the stop point stored in the traveling information storage unit. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005487 | Variable Intake System - A variable intake system may include intake runners that are respectively connected to a plurality of cylinders to supply air that flows therein to the cylinders, a plenum, one side of which is connected to the intake runners and distributes the air to the intake runners, a first resonance pipe, one end of which is connected to the other side of the plenum to supply the air therein, a second resonance pipe, one end of which is connected to the other side of the plenum to supply the air therein, the length thereof being shorter than that of the first resonance pipe and the cross-section thereof being wider than that of the first resonance pipe, and a junction pipe connected to the other ends of the first and second resonance pipes and supplying the air to the first and second resonance pipes respectively from an intake line. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005488 | Engine manifold with modular runners - An intake manifold assembly for an internal combustion engine that has a modular construction and includes a base member, a runner, and a shell, wherein the base member removably attaches to the engine, and the runner and the shell each separately and independently removably attach to the base member. In another aspect, the assembly further includes a fastener for attaching the runner to the base member, wherein the shell is formed so as to retain the fastener between the shell and the base member when the shell is attached to the base member. In another aspect, the assembly further includes a bumper affixed to a surface of the base member, wherein the bumper abuts a surface of the internal combustion engine. In another aspect, the base member includes a sealing ridge that mates with a sealing groove provided on the shell. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005489 | Advanced angled-cylinder piston device - An advanced angled cylinder piston engine, pump, or compressor design. A method to determine optimum cylinder(s) orientation to achieve maximum torque. A method to determine proper cylinder(s) orientation achievable based on crankshaft and connecting rod dimensions. A cylinder, a cylinder insert sleeve, and a piston provide clearance for free operation of a connecting rod. A compensating piston provides proper cylinder volume to maintain desired compression ratio. An oil passage provides additional lubrication to cylinder wall. A crankshaft counterweight orientation provides proper crankshaft, connecting rod, and piston assembly balance. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005490 | CYLINDER HEAD COVER - A cylinder head cover having a bearing device that includes at least two bearing blocks for supporting a camshaft, and one connecting element. The bearing blocks are axially penetrated in a first through-opening by the camshaft and are fixed in an aligned position with respect to one another by the connecting element. The bearing blocks, the connecting element and the camshaft form a prefabricated assembly. The cylinder head cover is connected via at least one additional connecting element with the bearing device, whereby a unit consisting of the cylinder head cover and the bearing device are mounted on the cylinder head. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005491 | FUEL INJECTION CONTROL APPARATUS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - In one embodiment, a total pilot injection amount is calculated from the difference between a compressed gas temperature in a cylinder and a fuel self-ignition temperature. As pilot injection, a plurality of instances of divided pilot injection are performed, and by setting the injection amount per one instance of divided pilot injection to an injector minimum limit injection amount, each divided pilot injection amount is suppressed, and the penetration of fuel is suppressed to a low level so that attachment of fuel to a wall face is avoided, and also, fuel is caused to accumulate in the center portion of the cylinder. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005492 | CONTROL SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - A control system for an internal combustion engine which performs an engine output control so that an output of the engine coincides with a demand output by changing at least one of the intake air flow rate and an ignition timing of the engine. An output reduction control in which the engine output is reduced by changing at least one of the intake air flow rate and the ignition timing, is performed when the demand output decreases. A retard limit of the ignition timing is calculated according to an operating condition of the engine. A retard limit output, which is an output of the engine corresponding to a state where the ignition timing is retarded to the retard limit and the intake air flow rate is maintained at a value immediately before the demand output decreases, is calculated. A retard limit intake air flow rate is calculated when the demand output is less than the retard limit output. The retard limit intake air flow rate is an intake air flow rate at which the engine output is equal to the demand output under the condition where the ignition timing is retarded to the retard limit. The engine output is made to coincide with the demand output by retarding the ignition timing, when the demand output is equal to or greater than the retard limit output. When the demand output is less than the retard limit output, the ignition timing is retarded to the retard limit and the intake air flow rate is controlled so as to coincide with the retard limit intake air flow rate. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005493 | METHOD OF PRODUCING COMMON RAIL AND COMMON RAIL - The present invention provides a method of producing a common rail having a common rail body and a holder which include chemical components of 0.01-0.3 mass % of C, 0.01-0.5 mass % of Si, 0.01-3.0 mass % of Mn, 0.0003-0.01 mass % of B, 0.001-0.01 mass % of N, over 0.01-0.5 mass % of Al, 0.01-0.05 mass % of Ti, P limited to 0.03 mass % or less, S limited to 0.01 mass % or less, O limited to 0.01 mass % or less, a total content of As, Sn, Sb, Pb, and Zn limited to 0.015 mass % or less, the balance including Fe and inevitable impurities, in which the TLB value is 0.001% or more, the method including: inserting an insert metal; performing liquid phase diffusion bonding; performing laser-peening; and removing a surface layer. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005494 | FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM - A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine includes an engine management system (EMS), a return line connected to a low-pressure fuel system, a common rail for storing and supplying a relatively high-pressure fuel to an injector, and an automatic isolating valve installed between the common rail and the injector. The injector has a nozzle for injecting fuel into the engine. A valve is operated by the EMS and installed between the common rail and the nozzle. A spill valve is operated by the EMS and connected by its inlet to the outlet of the valve and by its outlet to the return line. A check valve is installed between the nozzle and the return line, the inlet of the check valve being connected to the inlet of the nozzle. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005495 | PIEZOELECTRIC FUEL INJECTOR HAVING A TEMPERATURE COMPENSATING UNIT - The present invention provides a fuel injector, comprising a housing having a sealable injector seat; a fuel injector pin disposed within the housing proximate) the injector seat such that the injector seat may be sealed and unsealed by displacing the fuel injector pin; a resilient element biasing the fuel injector pin in an unsealed direction; a piezoelectric actuator disposed within the housing proximal to the fuel injector pin configured to actuate to force the injector pin towards the injector seat to seal the injector seat; and a thermal compensating unit disposed within the housing proximal to the actuator and configured to compensate for thermal expansion or contraction of a component of the fuel injector. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005496 | CONTROL APPARATUS FOR A CYLINDER DIRECT-INJECTION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - A control apparatus is provided for a four stroke cylinder direct-injection internal combustion engine having a cylinder and a piston disposed within the cylinder. The control apparatus includes a variable compression ratio mechanism for variably controlling the engine compression ratio by changing the top dead center position of the piston and a fuel injection device for injecting fuel directly into the cylinder. When the actual compression ratio of the engine is higher than a target compression ratio, the variable compression ratio mechanism reduces the compression ratio, and in accordance with the reduction in the compression ratio, the fuel injecting device injects an intake fuel injection amount in the intake stroke and a compression fuel injection amount in the compression stroke, and the timing for starting the fuel injection in the compression stroke is retarded. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005497 | ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM - In a hybrid type vehicle designed to use an engine and motor generators to drive the vehicle, the engine is provided with a variable compression ratio mechanism and a variable valve timing mechanism. When the requested output of the engine increases, minimum fuel consumption rate maintenance control maintaining a mechanical compression ratio at a maximum mechanical compression ratio and in that state increasing the engine speed so as to satisfy the requested output of the engine and torque increase control lowering the mechanical compression ratio and increasing the engine torque are selectively performed. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005498 | HEATED CATALYZED FUEL INJECTOR FOR INJECTION IGNITION ENGINES - The present invention provides an injector-ignition fuel injector for an internal combustion engine, comprising an input fuel metering system for dispensing a next fuel charge into a pressurizing chamber, a pressurization ram system including a pressurization ram for compressing the fuel charge within the pressurizing chamber, wherein the fuel charge is heated in the pressurization chamber in the presence of a catalyst, and an injector nozzle for injecting the heated catalyzed fuel charge into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005499 | FUEL INJECTION DEVICE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, AND ASSOCIATED METHOD - A fuel injection device and associated method are provided. An injector body defines an axial bore and has a nozzle exit extending into the combustion chamber. The injector body receives fuel within the bore and channels the fuel through the nozzle exit into the combustion chamber. A flow rate control member is movably disposed within the injector body bore and is actuatable by a first actuator to move with respect to and to interact with the nozzle exit to control a flow rate of the channeled fuel. A pintle member is movably disposed within a flow rate control member bore and is actuatable by a second actuator, independently of the flow rate control member, to move with respect to the flow rate control member and to interact with the nozzle exit to control a spray angle of the channeled fuel. The flow rate and spray angle are thereby independently controllable. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005500 | TIMING TRANSMISSION MECHANISM IN ENGINE - A timing transmission mechanism (T | 2011-01-13 |
20110005501 | SELF-IGNITING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH ETHER FUMIGATION OF THE COMBUSTION AIR FOR VEHICLES AND A METHOD FOR ETHER FUMIGATION OF THE COMBUSTION AIR IN A SELF-IGNITING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE FOR VEHICLES - The invention relates to a self-igniting internal combustion engine ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110005502 | SINGLE COMPONENT INTAKE/EXHAUST VALVE MEMBER, FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, AND COOLING SYSTEM FOR COMBUSTION-POWERED FASTENER-DRIVING TOOL - A new and improved combustion-powered fastener-driving tool utilizes a new and improved single component in-take/exhaust valve member which integrally defines both the intake and exhaust valves thereon. The intake/exhaust valve member is axially movable within the combustion chamber, and operatively cooperates with wall structure of the combustion chamber. When the intake/exhaust valve member is disposed, for example, at a first upper position, both the intake and exhaust ports defined within the wall structure of the combustion chamber are closed so as to permit the ignition and combustion phases of the tool-firing cycle to proceed, whereas, conversely, when the intake/exhaust valve member is disposed, for example, at a second lower position, both the intake and exhaust ports within the combustion chamber are open so as to permit incoming air to scavenge combustion exhaust products and to subsequently mix with injected fuel in preparation for the commencement of another tool-firing cycle. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005503 | Exhaust gas recirculation valve contaminant removal - An exhaust gas recirculation system including an exhaust gas passageway which routes a flow of exhaust gas from an exhaust gas source to an intake manifold; an exhaust gas passageway valve which controls flow to the intake manifold; a cooling system coupled with the exhaust gas passageway positioned at a location upstream of the exhaust gas source and downstream of the intake manifold and operable to transfer heat from the flow of exhaust gas to a coolant in flow communication with the cooling system; a bypass passageway coupled with the exhaust gas passageway and bypassing the cooling system; a bypass valve operable to control flow through the bypass passageway; at least one valve operation sensor; and a controller operable to control the bypass valve to direct the flow of exhaust gas to the bypass passageway during exhaust gas recirculation based on a signal from the valve operation sensor. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005504 | OXIDANT INJECTION DURING COLD ENGINE START - Various systems and methods are described for controlling an engine with a turbocharger in a vehicle. One example method comprises, under selected operating conditions, generating an oxidant rich component from engine intake air, storing the oxidant rich component of the intake air, and, under subsequent cold start conditions, injecting an amount of the stored oxidant rich component to the engine. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005505 | OXIDANT INJECTION TO REDUCE TURBO LAG - Various systems and methods are described for controlling an engine with a turbocharger in a vehicle. One example method comprises, under selected operating conditions, generating an oxidant rich component from engine intake air, storing the oxidant rich component, and during subsequent increased torque request, injecting an amount of the stored oxidant rich component to the engine. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005506 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT NICKEL AND HYDROGEN EXOTHERMAL REACTION - A method and apparatus for carrying out highly efficient exothermal reaction between nickel and hydrogen atoms in a tube, preferably, though not necessary, a metal tube filled by a nickel powder and heated to a high temperature, preferably, though not necessary, from 150 to 5000 C are herein disclosed. In the inventive apparatus, hydrogen is injected into the metal tube containing a highly pressurized nickel powder having a pressure, preferably though not necessarily, from 2 to 20 bars. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005507 | REAL-TIME CONTROL OF EXHAUST FLOW - An interferometric detector detects fluctuations in fluid properties in the vicinity of an exhaust hood to control protective skirts that reduce the exhaust air requirement. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005508 | DUAL GAS COMPATIBLE COOKING APPLIANCE - Cooking appliance ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110005509 | Fire Grate for Enhanced Combustion with Vertical and Horizontal Expansion Sleeves - An improved fire grate may provide fresh oxygen rich air to a secondary combustion zone, created by the improved fire grate, of a combustion chamber where a combustion gas stream is typically oxygen starved assisting in the burning process of incompletely burned particulates and reducing other harmful emissions. A baffle plate may be introduced in the secondary combustion zone to increase a combustion chamber temperature, encourage mixing of oxygen starved air with oxygen rich air and increase a residence time of the combustion gas within the combustion chamber. These aspects of the baffle plate promote more efficient burning of the biomass/fuel. Additionally, log lighter(s) may be disposed in the secondary combustion zone to increase a temperature of the combustion chamber for the purposes of reducing harmful emissions. The improved fire grate may be horizontally and vertically adjusted to fit within different sized fireplace combustion chambers. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005510 | Fire Grate for Enhanced Combustion - An improved fire grate may provide fresh oxygen rich air to a secondary combustion zone, created by the improved fire grate, of a combustion chamber where a combustion gas stream is typically oxygen starved assisting in the burning process of incompletely burned particulates and reducing other harmful emissions. A baffle plate may be introduced in the secondary combustion zone to increase a combustion chamber temperature, encourage mixing of oxygen starved air with oxygen rich air and increase a residence time of the combustion gas within the combustion chamber. These aspects of the baffle plate promote more efficient burning of the biomass/fuel. Additionally, log lighter(s) may be disposed in the secondary combustion zone to increase a temperature of the combustion chamber for the purposes of reducing harmful emissions. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005511 | Fire Grate for Enhanced Combustion with Vertical and Horizontal Expansion Sleeves - An improved fire grate may provide fresh oxygen rich air to a secondary combustion zone, created by the improved fire grate, of a combustion chamber where a combustion gas stream is typically oxygen starved assisting in the burning process of incompletely burned particulates and reducing other harmful emissions. A baffle plate may be introduced in the secondary combustion zone to increase a combustion chamber temperature, encourage mixing of oxygen starved air with oxygen rich air and increase a residence time of the combustion gas within the combustion chamber. These aspects of the baffle plate promote more efficient burning of the biomass/fuel. Additionally, log lighter(s) may be disposed in the secondary combustion zone to increase a temperature of the combustion chamber for the purposes of reducing harmful emissions. The improved fire grate may be horizontally and vertically adjusted to fit within different sized fireplace combustion chambers. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005512 | ADJUSTABLE SOLAR PANEL SUPPORT STRUCTURE - A solar panel mount comprising an end cap which supports the solar panel on a support structure. A support frame is pivotably supported by the end cap and the support frame has a plurality of cross members secured to a top surface thereof. A plurality of transverse members are secured to a top surface of the plurality of cross members and the plurality of transverse members are adjustable along a length of the cross members to accommodate different size solar panels. Each traverse member generally comprises an elongate inverted T-shaped base member and mating clamp member which is attached thereto by at least one fastener. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005513 | LINEAR FRESNEL SOLAR ARRAYS - Disclosed herein are examples and variations of solar energy collector system comprising an elevated linear receiver ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110005514 | SOLAR THERMAL HEATING UTILIZING DYNAMIC PARTICLE FLOW BALANCING - A solar heating apparatus, which includes a panel having one or more layers or a group of such layers, wherein one or more layers among such a group of layers constitutes a transparent medium. The panel includes at least two other layers among the group of layers, which constitute a reflective medium. The panel additionally includes one or more spaces formed between the layers and at least one other space formed between the other layers. A heat transfer fluid can be located within the space between the layers. The heat transfer fluid contains heat-absorbing particles, which are suspended in the heat transfer fluid and subject to a flow-force through the panel in a direction against a force of gravity. The heat-absorbing particles are held in light in the panel via a balance of a flow-force and the force of gravity. The heat-absorbing particles drift to the bottom of the panel when the flow-force stops. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005515 | Solar half parabolic shell smelter with a heliostat on a turntable - Developed is a solar cooker with triangle reflective sides. Above and below are two movable solar reflecting panels, that can be adjusted to focus light onto an invented frying pan using a glass lid, an insulating pad, and a surrounding plastic bag to trap solar light for cooking. The triangle reflective sides are used also to adjust and support the two movable solar reflecting panels via movable pegs. In the corners adjacent to the triangle sides, back reflective plate and reflective floor plate is an invented reflective equilateral triangle, to capture and reflect light towards the solar frying pan assembly. At night the entire solar cooker can be folded down to form a storage space. The entire solar cooker is foldable for shipping. (123 words). | 2011-01-13 |
20110005516 | SOLAR COLLECTOR - A solar collector comprising an array of solar cells, each of which is spaced-apart from a subset of solar cells adjacent thereto, defining a hiatus therebetween; a first substrate disposed to cover the array of solar cells; and a second substrate disposed to cover the array of solar cells, with the array begin position between the first and second substrates, with a plurality of throughways, each of which extends from an aperture in the first substrate, traversing the hiatus and terminating in an opening in the second substrate. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005517 | ATOMIZER, AND FILTER - Disclosed are an atomizer for a fluid, especially for medical aerosol therapy, and a filter for said atomizer in order to prevent germs from spreading. The atomizer comprises a protective device for preventing germs from infesting the preferably preservative-free fluid. Particularly the filter can be used as a protective device. This prevents germs from infesting the fluid during the service life of the atomizer even when the atomizer is used several times. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005518 | METHODS AND UNIT DOSE FORMULATIONS FOR THE INHALATION ADMINISTRATION OF AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS - A patient suffering from an endobronchial infection is treated by administering to the patient for inhalation a dose of less than about 4.0 ml of a nebulized aerosol formulation comprising from about 60 to about 200 mg/ml of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, such as tobramycin, in a physiologically acceptable carrier in a time period of less than about 10 minutes. Unit dose devices for storage and delivery of the aminoglycoside antibiotic formulations are also provided. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005519 | Floater and Snorkel Comprising the Same - A floater for used in a snorkel is provided. The floater is a porous structure with a plurality of pores for reducing the density of the floater. The density of the floater is substantially less than 1.1 g/cm | 2011-01-13 |
20110005520 | QUIET NASAL RESPIRATORY DEVICES - Described here are devices for altering the flow of air in a respiratory cavity such as the mouth and nostrils of the nose. These methods and devices may be useful for affecting a physiologic benefit in patients suffering from a variety of medical diseases, particularly those that may benefit from “pursed-lip” breathing and non-invasive ventilation, such as COPD, heart failure, sleep apnea, and other medical disorders. The devices are typically removable devices that may be placed over or in a respiratory cavity to increase resistance to airflow within the respiratory cavity. Resistance to expiration may be selectively increased relative to inspiration. Removable oral and removable nasal devices are described. Oral and nasal devices that filter inhaled airflow of debris and allergens are also provided. A nasal device that increases patency of the nares is also provided. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005521 | DISPENSING DEVICE - A medicament dispensing device for dispensing metered dosages of a medicament includes an actuator housing having a longitudinally extending cavity and a container disposed in the cavity and having a cylinder with a first outer diameter. The cylinder is adapted to hold the medicament. The container is reciprocally movable relative to the actuator housing along a longitudinal axis. An indicating device includes an indicator housing having a tubular portion connected to said container, with the indicating device being reciprocally movable with the container relative to the actuator housing. The tubular portion has a second outer diameter that is of substantially the same diameter as the first outer diameter. A longitudinally extending side wall has a viewing window formed therein. An indicator is rotatably mounted in the indicator housing, with a surface thereof having indicia visible through the viewing window. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005522 | DEVICE FOR PROVIDING A BREATHING GAS - The invention relates to a device for providing a breathing gas, in particular to a device for conditioning a breathing gas for stimulating weight reduction of a breathing creature. The invention provides a device for providing a breathing gas, comprising gas supply means and gas conditioning means. The device provides a breathing creature with a breathing gas which is conditioned by adding particles comprising a frozen fluid to the breathing gas. When the breathing creature inhales the breathing gas, his body comes into contact with the gas and the particles comprising the frozen fluid. The breathing gas and the particles will be warmed by the body of the creature, preferably to a temperature at which the frozen fluid starts to melt. The warming of the particles and the breathing gas by the body of the breathing creature requires energy, and therefore stimulates the metabolism of a breathing creature, promoting fat burning and inducing weight reduction. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005523 | Pharmaceutical Polypeptide Dry Powder Aerosol Formulation and Method of Preparation - Dispersible powder compositions suitable for inhalation are disclosed, the compositions including a human interleukin mutein (mhIL-4). | 2011-01-13 |
20110005524 | Pad for a mask - A cushion pad for a mask worn by a patient, comprising a first side to contact skin of the patient, and a second side, opposite the first side, to contact or face the mask. The pad has a main body portion having a central portion shaped to cover a portion of the patient's nose extending from above the nose tip to the nasal bridge region without obstructing the patient's line of sight, and lateral side portions to extend downward and terminate along the sides of the nose or on the patient's cheeks. The main body is made of a breathable material, e.g., foam. The pad may include adhesive and/or an attached portion, e.g., a ring, to couple the pad to the patient and/or portion of the mask. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005525 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THERAPEUTICALLY SUPPORTING THE ARM OF A PATIENT - Apparatus for providing physical therapy to a patient, the apparatus comprising a therapeutic support comprising a waist belt and a limb support, wherein the limb support is adjustably securable to the waist belt. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005526 | Therapeutic mouthpiece for treating sleep disorders - An upper tray adapted to receive a wearer's maxillary teeth. A lower tray adapted to receive the wearer's mandibular teeth. A first upper ridge is carried on a maxillary occlusal surface of the upper tray. A second upper ridge is carried on the maxillary occlusal surface of the upper tray posterior to and spaced from the first upper ridge. A lower ridge is carried on a mandibular occlusal surface of the lower tray received between the first upper ridge and the second upper ridge. The lower tray is movable to a forward position where the lower ridge abuts the first upper ridge to limit forward movement of the lower tray in relation to the upper tray, and the lower tray is movable to a rearward position where the lower ridge abuts the second upper ridge to limit rearward movement of the lower tray in relation to the upper tray. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005527 | ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES - An orthodontic appliance comprising a generally u-shape tooth positioning shell ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110005528 | NASAL DEVICES WITH RESPIRATORY GAS SOURCE - Described here are devices for altering the flow of air in a respiratory cavity such as the mouth and nostrils of the nose. These methods and devices may be useful for affecting a physiologic benefit in patients suffering from a variety of medical diseases, particularly those that may benefit from “pursed-lip” breathing and non-invasive ventilation, such as COPD, heart failure, sleep apnea, and other medical disorders. The devices are typically removable devices that may be placed over or in a respiratory cavity to increase resistance to airflow within the respiratory cavity. Resistance to expiration may be selectively increased relative to inspiration. Removable oral and removable nasal devices are described. Oral and nasal devices that filter inhaled airflow of debris and allergens are also provided. A nasal device that increases patency of the nares is also provided. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005529 | METHODS OF TREATING A SLEEPING SUBJECT - Described here are devices for altering the flow of air in a respiratory cavity such as the mouth and nostrils of the nose. These methods and devices may be useful for affecting a physiologic benefit in patients suffering from a variety of medical diseases, particularly those that may benefit from “pursed-lip” breathing and non-invasive ventilation, such as COPD, heart failure, sleep apnea, and other medical disorders. The devices are typically removable devices that may be placed over or in a respiratory cavity to increase resistance to airflow within the respiratory cavity. Resistance to expiration may be selectively increased relative to inspiration. Removable oral and removable nasal devices are described. Oral and nasal devices that filter inhaled airflow of debris and allergens are also provided. A nasal device that increases patency of the nares is also provided. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005530 | METHODS OF TREATING A DISORDER BY INHIBITING EXPIRATION - Described here are devices for altering the flow of air in a respiratory cavity such as the mouth and nostrils of the nose. These methods and devices may be useful for affecting a physiologic benefit in patients suffering from a variety of medical diseases, particularly those that may benefit from “pursed-lip” breathing and non-invasive ventilation, such as COPD, heart failure, sleep apnea, and other medical disorders. The devices are typically removable devices that may be placed over or in a respiratory cavity to increase resistance to airflow within the respiratory cavity. Resistance to expiration may be selectively increased relative to inspiration. Removable oral and removable nasal devices are described. Oral and nasal devices that filter inhaled airflow of debris and allergens are also provided. A nasal device that increases patency of the nares is also provided. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005531 | SHOCK ABSORBING DENTAL APPLIANCE - A dual arch dental appliance including a body which contains a pair of impact absorbing members located in molar regions of the arches. The impact absorbing members are selected from plastic material that exhibits high impact absorption coupled with low resilience or rebound. The result is an appliance which transfers minimal shock to the wearer. The appliance preferably further includes a bumper for providing enhanced impact protection to all of the user's upper and lower teeth. An airway opening is preferably provided to facilitate breathing when the appliance is clenched between the teeth. A post may be provided for structural reinforcement of the airway opening and, optionally, for receiving a tether for fastening the device to a helmet. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005532 | Method and System for Improving a Subject's Sensory, Reflex and/or Motor Mechanisms via Auditory, Tactile or Visual Stimulations - The present invention relates to a method and a system for improving sensitivity of a first sensory, reflex and/or motor mechanism of a subject by stimulating a second sensory, reflex and/or motor mechanism of the subject. For that purpose a noise is applied to the second sensory, reflex and/or motor mechanism to improve the sensitivity of the first sensory, reflex and/or motor mechanism due to cross-modal SR interactions. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005533 | Mold For a Smoking Device - A mold for a smoking device comprises an insertable member removably connected to a body portion. The body portion generally comprises an elongated, preferably cylindrical tube having an open end and a closed end wherein a central axis extends along the axial length of the tube. The insertable member comprises an elongated member having a first end opposite a second end disposed along an axis and a cap portion extending radially outward around the first end. The body portion is filled with a liquid molding medium, such as water, and the insertable member is securely fastened to the body portion. The mold is exposed to a temperature change such that the molding medium changes phase from a liquid state to a solid state. The molded smoking product is removed from the mold and can be used for the user's benefit. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005534 | REDUCED RISK TOBACCO PRODUCTS AND USE THEREOF - Reduced risk tobacco-related products and methods of use. These tobacco-related products (e.g., cigarettes or filters) are designed to reduce the biological insult, for example, DSBs, cell death or perturbation of RNA transcriptome or proteome as compared to the amount of biological insult induced by another cigarette, such as a conventional or reference cigarette (e.g., 2R4F), in human cells, and to provide a reduced risk cigarette that meets a cigarette smoker's sensory/perception needs. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005535 | ELECTRONIC SIMULATED CIGARETTE AND ATOMIZING LIQUID THEREOF, SMOKING SET FOR ELECTRONIC SIMULATED CIGARETTE AND SMOKING LIQUID CAPSULE THEREOF - An electronic simulation cigarette comprises a shell. One end of the shell installs the air inlet port while in the shell the power source, atomization and spray device, capsule with smoke solution in it are set up. Connect the power source and the heater, the capsule and the atomization and spray device. Install the capsule aspiration device at one end of the atomization and spray device and penetrate the device in the capsule. Spraying solutions used for the electronic simulation cigarette include the polyethylene glycol, the propylene glycol and the taste modifier. A smoking set of the electronic simulation cigarette includes the suction nozzle which is linked with the shell of the smoking set. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005536 | NICOTIANA DIVERSITY - The invention features a smokeless tobacco composition that includes a tobacco selected from: | 2011-01-13 |
20110005537 | Nail Clipping Device with a Warning Module - A nail clipping device with warning functions is disclosed, including: a nail clipper with arc-shaped cutting edges; a capacitive sensing module, located below the arc-shaped cutting edges of the nail clipper, enables measurement of the distance between the arc-shaped cutting edges of the nail clipper and the flesh below the nail; a warning module, located above the arc-shaped cutting edges of the nail clipper; and a control module, located at the lower portion of the device, and coupled to the capacitive sensing module and the warning module, capable of pre-setting a warning distance and comparing its corresponding reference voltage with variable sensing voltage, the control module amplifies and filters the output signal from the capacitive sensing module after voltage comparison, driving the warning module to emit a warning signal when the distance between the arc-shaped cutting edges of the nail clipper and the flesh below the nail is shorter than the warning distance. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005538 | AGENTS, COMPOSITIONS AND DEVICES FOR TEMPORARY COLORING LOCAL HAIR AREAS - Hair-coloring applicators comprising a shield to protect the scalp, polymers of tannic acid having iron ions bound thereto, hair-coloring compositions comprising same and/or melanoidin, and novel alcohol-free carriers, are disclosed, as well uses thereof for coloring hair. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005539 | HAIR CARE DEVICE - The present invention relates to a hair care device ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110005540 | A Lice Comb - A lice comb ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110005541 | Refillable mescara applicator - Embodiments include a refillable mascara applicator. One embodiment includes a handle to receive a mascara cartridge having mascara. One embodiment also includes a valve that can be closed or opened in the handle to allow mascara to be selectively transported through the valve when the valve is opened. An embodiment also includes a hollow brush to receive the mascara transported through the valve and to release the mascara to bristles of the brush through a plurality of holes in the brush. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005542 | POROUS ARTIFICIAL FINGERNAIL AND METHOD FOR APPLYING THE SAME - An artificial fingernail/extension for attachment to a natural fingernail includes a flexible polyethylene body that is flexible to conform to the shape of the nail and having a lower surface contacting the upper surface of a natural fingernail over the activator. The body is sized to provide a forward extension from the natural fingernail and the body. The body is made of a porous material that wicks applied adhesive from the top surface of the body to the lower surface of the body to bond to the fingernail. The polyethylene body can be provided on a strip of material carrying a plurality of material bodies separated by perforations and having scallops formed therein. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005543 | Hair weaving apparatus and method for making and using - A hair weaving apparatus and method for making and using same. The present invention comprises various embodiments for making a hair weave tract extension apparatus and a method of making and using said apparatus. Embodiments are described and shown herein for making and using a hair weave tract apparatus with attachment means comprising a crimped flexible band and, and with attachment means comprising a crimped flexible band with a single bladed comb. It is an object of this present invention to provide a hair weave tract extension that is easy to attach to the natural hair, is less damaging to the natural hair and remains more securely attached to the natural hair. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005544 | Hair Addition - Hair additions and their methods of construction are set forth. A hair addition according to one embodiment includes a plurality of hair strands having upper and lower ends, at least two threads coupling the upper ends together, and two layers of polyurethane sandwiching the hair strand upper ends and the at least two threads. The two layers of polyurethane form a strip, and at least one clip is coupled to the strip. It may be desirable for a diameter of the strip to be no more than 25%-50% greater than a diameter of the hair strands. A method of formation includes: aligning a plurality of hair strands; coupling an end of the hair strands together using thread; sandwiching the coupled end of hair strands and the thread between two layers of polyurethane; curing the two layers of polyurethane; and coupling at least one clip to the cured polyurethane. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005545 | Hair Curling Device - A hair curling device comprises a grip ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110005546 | Hair Coloring Agent Applicator - The present invention relates to an applicator ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110005547 | Hair ornament - An hair ornament includes a hairpin, which has an eyelet and two spiral spring wires extended from the eyelet and spirally intersected with each other, an ornament, and a connector, which has a front end fastened to the eyelet of the hairpin and a rear end pivotally connected to the ornament for enabling the hairpin to be biased relative to the ornament between an open position for insertion through the hair of a user and a close position to secure the ornament to the hair of the user. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005548 | HAIR-CLIPPER - ‘HAIR-CLIPPER’, the proposal of such Inventive Disposition Introduced in Hair-clipper is a Patent of Utility Model being composed by variations of style that will be able to give professionals easiness and options on hair holding, the hair-clipper now referred innovates as to making its use easier and giving options on hair holding way efficiently, irrespectively of the hair volume, amount or thickness, and whether the hair is straight, curly, thin or thick. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005549 | METHOD FOR THE THERMOCHEMICAL CLEANING AND/OR STRIPPING OF TURBINE COMPONENTS - The invention relates to a process for the thermochemical cleaning and/or stripping of turbine components, in particular engine components, with the steps: Production of a first gaseous mixture containing HF and H | 2011-01-13 |
20110005550 | ADHESIVE SHEETED ROLL - There is herein described an improved adhesive sheeted roll. More particularly, there is described an improved adhesive sheeted roll and individual sheets making up the sheeted roll which contain no silicones. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005551 | CONVEYOR WAREWASHER AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A CONVEYOR WAREWASHER - A conveyor warewasher ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110005552 | Vehicle safety stop - The present invention provides a drive-through de-icing station for tractor-trailers and other over-the-road trucks, to be offered as a safety service at truck-stops, highway rest areas, truck weighing stations, and similar, high-traffic locales. The Vehicle Safety Stop is a drive-through station somewhat similar to a car-wash, where the operative de-icing agent would comprise hot steam or liquid de-icing agent. The operative area of the Vehicle Safety Stop measures approximately 15 feet in height, 12 feet in width, and 20 to 40 feet in length. The tractor-trailer or other truck simply pulls beneath an array of strategically placed steam-heads, the configuration of which provides a thorough steam bath for the vehicle, de-icing its top, sides, and undercarriage. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005553 | DEVICE FOR BLOWING OFF BOTTLE BOTTOMS - With the device ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110005554 | AEROENGINE WASHING SYSTEM AND METHOD - The present invention is a collector for collecting washing fluid issuing from a gas turbine engine during and/or after a washing operation. The collector comprises a collection tray and an inlet collector attached at a first end to the collection tray. The second end of the inlet collector is connected to an inlet of the engine, thereby collecting washing fluid issuing from any one or both the inlet and below the engine. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005555 | WORK WASHING APPARATUS - A conventional invention has a structure of a washing chamber in which the work is set on a table and the entire surface of the work is consistently washed and dried by rotations in an orbital motion and a planetary motion of the washing and drying nozzles which are respectively provided in all four directions—top, bottom, right and left. The conventional invention effectively washes a greater area of the work or the like, but due to limitations of the structure, it can wash only small-sized works or small components. Also, it does not always sufficiently wash and dry large-sized works, and consequently overhaul such works. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005556 | CLEANING/DISINFECTING TUBE AND ENDOSCOPE CLEANING/DISINFECTING APPARATUS - A cleaning/disinfecting tube allows an opening portion provided in an object to be cleaned accommodated in a cleaning tank of an endoscope cleaning/disinfecting apparatus to communicate with a liquid delivery connector which is provided in the endoscope cleaning/disinfecting apparatus and through which a liquid is supplied. The cleaning/disinfecting tube includes a tube connector section to be connected to the opening portion and a holding portion that engages with the object to be cleaned with a gap therebetween and constrains the movement of the tube connector section in a direction away from the opening portion when the tube connector section is connected to the opening portion. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005557 | DISHWASHER AND METHOD FOR CLEANING WASH WARE - A method, and related dishwasher, for cleaning wash ware that provides a wash phase followed by a rinse phase, in which rinse fluid is conducted into a treatment chamber ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110005558 | Umbrella Having an Angle Adjustable Function - An umbrella includes an upright post, a swing mechanism mounted on the upright post and a frame mounted on the swing mechanism. The swing mechanism includes a mounting seat mounted on the upright post, a pivot seat pivotally mounted on the mounting seat and having a lower end provided with a worm wheel, a worm rotatably mounted on the mounting seat and meshing with the worm wheel, a driven gear secured on the worm, a propeller shaft rotatably mounted on the upright post, a drive gear secured on the propeller shaft and meshing with the driven gear, and a rocker arm secured on the propeller shaft. Thus, when the swing mechanism is operated, the frame is rolled and tilted relative to the upright post leftward or rightward to adjust the inclined angle the frame to provide a better shading effect. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005559 | Crutch Assembly - An improved crutch assembly and walking aid is provided. The crutch assembly can be retrofitted to an existing walking aid and provides spring assisted motion. The assembly includes a ball-in-socket joint and a spring operably connecting the joint to a walking aid shaft. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005560 | Portable solar canopy with modular connections - A portable solar cell canopy or tent with supports to elevate the canopy or tent and expose solar cells affixed thereon to the sun to collect energy for use within the tent. Flexible components, including spray-on solar cells, permit dismantling and reassembly of the entire apparatus into a portable kit for remote usages. The present invention provides energy in remote areas, such as drawing water from a deep well and providing emergency phone service, as well as providing energy in urban or other areas. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005561 | HUNTING BLIND - An exemplary embodiment relates to a hunting blind comprising a frame comprising one or more rib members and a barrier layer, a fibrous covering, and a camouflage layer. Another exemplary embodiment relates to a method of assembling a hunting blind comprising providing a generally rectangular frame base, providing one or more frame panels comprising at least one rib and a barrier layer, attaching two frame panels to opposite sides of the frame base, forming a canopy from two or more joined frame panels, and covering the canopy with a fibrous covering. Another exemplary embodiment relates to a method of assembling a hunting blind comprising providing a generally rectangular frame base, attaching one or more ribs to the frame, attaching one or more barriers layers to the ribs with a clip, attaching a fibrous covering to the ribs or barrier layers, and attaching a covering to the ends of the blind. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005562 | Thermogenerator - A thermogenerator including several thermocouples that are electrically connected together. The thermocouples are arranged between one hot side of the thermogenerator receiving a thermal flow and a cold side that is arranged at a distance from the hot side. The thermoelectric generator that at least temporarily uses the fed thermal energy efficiently. The thermoelectric generator can be designed as a module including a collector for a thermal solar system and the thermal carrier medium flowing through the collector is guided, at least temporarily, to a thermoelectric generator by a heat exchanger. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005563 | Thermal Solar System - A thermal solar system including a collector that is connected to a heat sink, in particular a heat storage medium, by way of a solar circuit containing a heat exchange medium. To reduce overheating of the system during idling and to improve the efficiency of the solar system, the solar circuit is connected temporarily to at least one heat exchanger by way of a valve control unit disposed at a hot side of a thermogenerator receiving an inflowing heat flow. A thermal insulation reduces the exchange of thermal energy between the collector of a thermal solar system and the heat exchanger. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005564 | Method and Apparatus Pertaining to Nanoensembles Having Integral Variable Potential Junctions - Carbon-containing sp3-bonded solid refractory nanocrystalline particles that are each sized no larger than about 100 nanometers have a metal of choice disposed thereabout. A variable potential junction is formed between the metallic coatings and the particles that enables carrier entropy to be efficiently transported from the variable potential junction to the coating. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005565 | Solar sphere - The Solar Sphere with the use of its tracking system can generate the same power as a solar array thirty two times its size. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005566 | PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODULE AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME - A photovoltaic cell module and a method of making the same are provided. The photovoltaic cell module includes a first cell including a first transparent conductive substrate, a first photovoltaic conversion layer, and a first electrode layer, at least a second cell electrically connected to the first cell in series; and a second electrode layer electrically connected to the second cell. In the first cell, the first photovoltaic conversion layer is disposed on the first transparent conductive substrate. The first electrode layer is disposed on the first photovoltaic conversion layer and electrically connected to the first transparent conductive substrate. In addition, the present invention also provides the method of making the photovoltaic cell module. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005567 | MODULAR SOLAR PANEL SYSTEM - Solar panels with an integrated DC-to-AC converter are provided. Such solar panels are usable as an independent generator of AC power or as part of an array of panels, and may be grid-connected with low initial cost of entry. Other aspects provide a panel with a built-in array of “micro-batteries” for energy storage in off-grid applications or grid-connected. Also provided herein, in another aspect, is an AC solar panel whose internal design and structure is optimized for the generation of AC power. Intrinsically, this includes an embedded DC-to-AC converter or converters. The AC solar panel may be used as an independent generator of AC power or as part of an array of panels. In still further aspects, one or more panels may be used as a remote AC power source with after sun-down power generation capability, low initial cost of entry and ease of deployment. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005568 | SOLAR CELL MODULE HAVING INTERCONNECTOR AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME - A solar cell module having an interconnector and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed. The solar cell module includes a plurality of solar cells and an interconnector including a first area electrically connected to one of two adjacent solar cells of the plurality of solar cells, a second area electrically connected to the other of the two adjacent solar cells, and a third area connecting the first area to the second area. At least one of the first area and the second area of the interconnector has at least one uneven surface, and the third area of the interconnector has a substantially planarized surface. | 2011-01-13 |
20110005569 | PARALLEL INTERCONNECTION OF SOLAR CELL UNITS - Method for manufacturing an solar cell device, characterized in that the method comprises among others the following steps: arranging solar cell units ( | 2011-01-13 |