| Class / Patent application number | Description | Number of patent applications / Date published |
|---|
| 429458000 | Manifold | 88 |
| 20100136455 | Common Module Stack Component Design - A stack for use in a flow battery, the stack comprising an odd number of interior elements positioned between two end elements, the two end elements each including an electrode, and the odd number of interior elements including membrane elements alternating with electrode elements, wherein the membrane elements include an interior frame and a membrane, the electrode elements include the interior frame and an electrode, wherein the interior frame is rotated by 180° from the frame of the membrane elements. | 06-03-2010 |
| 20100173219 | FUEL CELL BATTERY SYSTEM - A fuel cell battery ( | 07-08-2010 |
| 20100190083 | SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL UNIT FOR USE IN DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION - A fuel cell system includes a support structure, a reactant conditioning structure, a plurality of stacks of planar solid oxide fuel cells arranged on the support structure circumferentially around the reactant conditioning structure, and a flow path extending outwardly from the reactant conditioning structure to deliver reactants to the plurality of stacks. | 07-29-2010 |
| 20100203414 | Fuel Cell Stack Device, Fuel Cell Stack Connection Device, and Fuel Cell Device - A fuel cell stack device that can suppress a damage to fuel cells is provided. A fuel cell stack device includes a fuel cell stack in which a plurality of columnar fuel cells are arranged upright, and are electrically connected via a current-collecting member interposed between adjacent fuel cells, fuel cells stack-supporting members disposed so as to hold the fuel cell stack via an end current-controlling member from both end sides, and a manifold that fixes lower ends of the fuel cells, and that supplies a reactant gas to the fuel cells. The fuel cell stack-supporting member has a lower end fixed to the manifold and is an elastically deformable member, and is disposed such that a fixed portion thereof fixed to the manifold is at a same or lower level than a fixed portion of the fuel cells. | 08-12-2010 |
| 20100227243 | FUEL CELL STACK WITH METAL SEPARATORS - A single cell structure used in a fuel cell stack with metal separators, the single cell structure comprising: a cathode gas diffusion layer; an anode gas diffusion layer; a membrane electrode assembly, disposed between the cathode gas diffusion layer and the anode gas diffusion layer; a pair of first separators disposed outside the cathode gas diffusion layer and the anode gas diffusion layer, a first surface of the first separators being provided with a plurality of grooves and ribs thereon; a pair of second separators disposed outside the first separators to be assembled with the first separators, a first surface of the second separators being provided with a plurality of groove and ribs; and a pair of middle separators disposed outside the second separators to be assembled with the second separators. | 09-09-2010 |
| 20100233565 | STACK SEAL INTERFACE ADAPTER - A fuel cell system comprises a first fuel cell stack having a first end plate, wherein the first end plate has a first opening, and a fuel cell component having a second opening. An adapter connects the first opening in the first end plate and the second opening in the fuel cell component. The adapter comprises a hollow tube. At least one of the first and second openings is located in a first groove. At least a first portion of the adapter is located in the first groove such that there is a passage from the first opening to the second opening through an interior of the hollow tube. | 09-16-2010 |
| 20100239937 | Crack free SOFC electrolyte - A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack includes a plurality of SOFCs, and a plurality of interconnects, each interconnect containing a conductive perovskite layer on an air side of the interconnect. The stack in internally manifolded for fuel and the conductive perovskite layer on each interconnect is not exposed in the fuel inlet riser. The SOFC electrolyte has a smaller roughness in regions adjacent to the fuel inlet and fuel outlet openings in the electrolyte than under the cathode or anode electrodes. | 09-23-2010 |
| 20100248066 | Modified Fuel Cell Manifolds for Controlling Fuel Gas Flow to Different Sections of Fuel Cell Stacks - A fuel delivery manifold enlarged in size is provided which, when incorporated into fuel cells which are then stacked allows for insertion of a baffle or a perforated fuel delivery tube through the fuel cell stack via the enlarged fuel delivery manifold to enhance and/or even out or equalize fuel delivery to all fuel cells in the fuel cell stack. | 09-30-2010 |
| 20100248067 | FUEL CELL STACK WITH INTERNAL FUEL MANIFOLD CONFIGURATION - A fuel cell stack includes a plurality of fuel cells, and a plurality of fuel delivery ports. Each of the plurality of fuel delivery ports is positioned on or in the fuel cell stack to provide fuel to a portion of the plurality fuel cells in each stack. | 09-30-2010 |
| 20100291458 | FUEL CELL STACK - A fuel cell stack in which, even if the fuel cell stack is mounted in an inclined position, the performance of system components mounted on an end plate is maintained satisfactory. The fuel cell stack has a cell stack body formed by stacking a plurality of fuel battery single cells, and a pair of end plates for holding the cell stack body from respective sides in the stack direction. System components are mounted on one end plate. One end plate has a stack-facing surface facing the cell stack body and also has a system component mounting surface on the opposite side of the stack-facing surface. The system component mounting surface is inclined relative to the facing surface by an inclination angle so that, when the fuel cell stack is placed such that manifolds decline toward the one end plate, the system component mounting surface is vertical. | 11-18-2010 |
| 20100310963 | FUEL CELL - A fuel cell, which can increase a ratio of an area of a power generation region to an area of a fuel cell unit to increase power per unit volume and unit weight of a fuel cell. The fuel cell includes an oxidizer electrode surrounding member provided at four corners of the fuel cell unit to incorporate atmospheric oxygen through an oxidizer intake formed at a gap of the oxidizer electrode surrounding member. The fuel cell further includes a through-hole which serves as a hydrogen gas supply path for each fuel cell unit and fastens the fuel cell units in a stacking direction formed inside the oxidizer electrode surrounding member. By aligning through-holes of end plates, separator, and fuel electrode seals with each other and by allowing a stack fastening component to penetrate through the through-holes, the whole is pressed and urged to be assembled. | 12-09-2010 |
| 20110053032 | MANIFOLD FOR SERIES CONNECTION ON FUEL CELL - Disclosed is a manifold of a fuel cell, including a conductive support having an upper support member and a lower support member between which two or more anode-supported tubular unit fuel cells each comprising an anode layer, an electrolyte layer and a cathode layer formed in sequential order are disposed and which include an inner connector and an outer connector formed to be tightly fitted into an inner surface and around an outer surface of the unit fuel cells so as to electrically conduct the unit fuel cells, such that the unit fuel cells are alternately connected with the inner connector and the outer connector at an upper end and a lower end thereof thus forming an electrical series circuit. The manifold which is essentially manufactured to supply fuel to a solid oxide fuel cell is used to simply collect current from the fuel cell even without an additional current collector being used, and is configured such that unit fuel cells disposed in the manifold are connected in series. | 03-03-2011 |
| 20110053033 | FUEL CELL STACK - A coolant supply manifold and a coolant discharge manifold are provided on a first end plate of a fuel cell stack. The coolant supply manifold includes a pair of supply manifold sections and a supply coupling section coupling upper portions of the pair of supply manifold sections together. The supply manifold sections are connected to a pair of coolant supply passages of a first end plate. The width of the coupling section is smaller than the width of the pair of supply manifold sections in a longitudinal direction along the long sides of the first end plate. A supply pipe extending to the outside of the first end plate is formed integrally with one of the supply manifold sections. | 03-03-2011 |
| 20110081592 | MODULAR FUEL CELL STACK ASSEMBLY INCLUDING ANODE GAS OXIDIZER AND INTEGRATED EXTERNAL MANIFOLDS FOR USE IN FUEL CELL STACK MODULES - A modular fuel cell stack assembly comprising a plurality of fuel cell stacks, each of the stacks having a plurality of stack faces and a plurality of stack corners formed between the stack faces, wherein the plurality of stack faces include a cathode inlet face adapted to receive oxidant gas for use in a cathode side of the fuel cell stack, a cathode outlet face adapted to output cathode exhaust from the cathode side, an anode inlet face adapted to receive fuel for use in an anode side of the fuel cell stack and an anode outlet face adapted to output anode exhaust from the anode side, and wherein at least one of the cathode inlet face, cathode outlet face, anode inlet face and anode outlet face is an open face without a manifold, and a containment structure for housing the plurality of fuel cell stacks and for providing fuel and oxidant gas to said fuel cell stacks, the containment structure including at least one sealed chamber for sealingly enclosing and isolating at least one open face. Also provided is a modular fuel cell assembly comprising a plurality of fuel cell stacks, an oxidizer disposed centrally of the fuel cell stacks and adapted to receive anode exhaust from the fuel cell stacks, to generate oxidant gas using the anode exhaust and to distribute the oxidant gas to the fuel cell stacks, and a containment structure for housing the plurality of fuel cell stacks and the oxidizer and adapted to receive fuel and distribute the fuel to the fuel cell stacks. | 04-07-2011 |
| 20110123892 | Solid oxide electrolytic system - A solid oxide fuel cell, solid oxide electrolyzer, and associated interconnect structure is disclosed for use in solid oxide electrolytic devices that use chrome-containing components, such as solid oxide fuel cells and solid oxide oxygen-generators. The invention provides a reliable and durable interconnect for both structural and electrical components of such devices. In general, the interconnect structure relies on a dual-layer, high-temperature seal which provides an effective diffusion barrier for both chrome and oxygen. As a result of the described interconnect, corrosion or loss in electrical conductivity in such solid oxide electrolytic devices is avoided. Also, a novel structure for such solid oxide electrolytic devices is disclosed, which provides an economical and high-integrity structure that utilizes the disclosed interconnect structure. A result of the present invention is that thin film solid oxide fuel cells and solid oxide oxygen generators may be fabricated using only metal alloys as bulk components. | 05-26-2011 |
| 20110183229 | FUEL CELL ARRANGEMENT COMPRISING FUEL CELL STACKS - A fuel cell arrangement comprising a number of fuel cell stacks ( | 07-28-2011 |
| 20110223513 | PEM FUEL CELL STACK HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION INSERT - A fluid distribution insert adapted to be received within an inlet header of a fuel cell assembly. The fluid distribution insert includes a hollow insert with a first end and a second end. An inlet is formed at the first end of the hollow insert in fluid communication with a source of a reactant gas and adapted to receive the reactant gas therein. An outlet is formed intermediate the first end and the second end. The outlet is adapted to deliver the reactant gas to a plurality of fuel cells of the fuel cell assembly, wherein the hollow insert delivers the reactant gas to the fuel cells in a substantially simultaneous and uniform manner. | 09-15-2011 |
| 20110269052 | Multiple Stack Fuel Cell System - A fuel cell system is disclosed comprising a plurality of fuel cell modules including a sealed planar fuel cell stack, the stack including internal manifold channels for transport of fuel and air to fuel cells within the stack and transport of tail gas and spent air away from fuel cells within the stack. Each of the fuel cell stacks is mounted on a stack footprint area of a top member of a base manifold. The base manifolds are configured to allow for interconnection of a number of fuel cell stack modules to provide a fuel cell system capable of producing power outputs that otherwise would have required large surface area cells or stack with a large number of cells. | 11-03-2011 |
| 20110281194 | Heat-Resistant Alloy, Alloy Member for Fuel Cell, Fuel Cell Stack Device, Fuel Cell Module, and Fuel Cell Device - A heat-resistant alloy capable of effectively suppressing diffusion of Cr, as well as an alloy member for a fuel cell, a fuel cell stack device, a fuel cell module and a fuel cell device are provided. A heat-resistant alloy includes a Cr-containing alloy, and a Cr-diffusion suppression layer located on at least a part of a surface of the Cr-containing alloy, the Cr-diffusion suppression layer being made by laminating a first layer that contains a Zn-containing oxide and a second layer that does not contain ZnO but contains an (La, Sr)MnO | 11-17-2011 |
| 20120034544 | FUEL CELL ARRANGEMENT - A fuel cell arrangement ( | 02-09-2012 |
| 20120077108 | FUEL CELL STACK STRUCTURE - A fuel cell stack structure comprises a first end plate, a second end plate, a plurality of fuel cells stacked between the first end plate and the second end plate, a distributor positioned near the first end plate for distributing at least one fluid toward the stacked fuel cells, a manifold having a fluid channel therein to be in fluid connection with the distributor and with the stacked fuel cells for receiving the fluid from the distributor and supplying the fluid to the stacked fuel cells, and a channel separator disposed inside the manifold in the longitudinal direction of the stacked fuel cells to separate the fluid channel of the fluid to a first space closer to the stacked fuel cells and a second space far from the stacked fuel cells. With this structure, it is possible to improve performance and durability of the fuel cell stack by uniformly supplying a fluid to the stacked fuel cells. | 03-29-2012 |
| 20120122008 | MANIFOLD INSERT HAVING DISTRIBUTION GUIDES AND FUEL CELL STACK COMPRISING THE SAME - The present invention provides a manifold insert having a plurality of distribution guides which reduce output voltage deviation due to flow instability between unit cells and prevent local flow instability of electrodes by stably distributing the flow of fluid (such as air, hydrogen, and coolant) supplied to a fuel cell stack, thereby maintaining a stable performance of the unit cells, and a fuel cell stack comprising the same. In particular, manifold insert having distribution guides is provided, the manifold insert being configured to form a flow field from an inlet port of fluid to an outlet port connected to a fuel cell stack, the manifold insert including: a plurality of distribution guides for dividing the flow field from the inlet port to the outlet port such that the fuel cell stack is divided into a plurality of regions according to the distance from the inlet port, wherein the distribution guides have surfaces that are at least partially curved such that the flow of the fluid from the inlet port to the outlet port is changed by the curved surfaces and form a plurality of guide flow fields for guiding the fluid to the divided regions of the fuel cell stack such that the fluid is supplied to the divided regions of the fuel cell stack along the plurality of guide flow fields at different flow rates. | 05-17-2012 |
| 20120202132 | DEVICE TO MINIMIZE THE BUOYANCY DRIVEN FLOWS IN VERTICALLY ORIENTED HEADERS - A device for minimizing a buoyancy driven convective flow inside a manifold of a fuel cell stack includes a plurality of spaced apart baffle walls. The spaced apart baffle walls are configured to be disposed inside the manifold of the fuel cell stack. The spaced apart baffle walls increase a viscous resistance to the buoyancy driven convective flow inside the manifold. | 08-09-2012 |
| 20120315565 | Fuel Cell Stack Components - An interconnect for a fuel cell stack includes a first set of gas flow channels in a first portion of the interconnect, and a second set of gas flow channels in second portion of the interconnect. The channels of the first set have a larger cross sectional area than the channels of the second set | 12-13-2012 |
| 20130017470 | FUEL CELL SYSTEM - A fuel cell system to be mounted on an electric vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle. Cooling water is supplied from a cooling water inlet of a stack manifold, flows through a fuel cell stack, and returns to the stack manifold. A groove is formed on the rear surface side of the stack manifold, constituting, together with a terminal, a cooling water channel. The cooling water flows through the cooling water channel, and is discharged to the outside from a cooling water outlet. The cooling water channel is formed extending from the rear side to the front side of the vehicle, and warms an end plate. A pipe length of the cooling water channel to a radiator mounted in a front part of the vehicle is reduced. | 01-17-2013 |
| 20130115541 | FUEL CELL - A fuel cell is provided with a membrane electrode assembly provided with a frame, both of which are sandwiched between two separators. The fuel cell is configured such that reactive gas is circulated between the frame and the separators. The frame and both separators each have manifold holes, the rims of the manifold holes of frame extend into the manifold holes in the separators, and protrusions cover the inner peripheral surfaces of the manifold holes in at least one of the separators. This structure makes possible the easy and accurate position and integration of the separators and the frame, and fuel cell miniaturization can be achieved because space to position the protrusions is not needed. | 05-09-2013 |
| 20130149631 | DEVICE FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL OR SOLID OXIDE ELECTROLYSIS CELL COMPRISING INTEGRAL ONE-PIECE CURRENT COLLECTOR AND MANIFOLD - A device for a solid oxide fuel cell or a solid oxide electrolysis cell includes an integral one-piece construction of a current collector and a manifold. The device eliminates the need for a brazing or thermal bonding process for joining the manifold with the current collector, and thus makes it possible to prevent breakdown of the junction formed between the manifold and the current collector, which can lead to gas leakage through the junction, and thus can be used for a long period of time. | 06-13-2013 |
| 20130171538 | CO-FLOW / COUNTER-FLOW FUEL CELL OR ELECTROLYSIS CELL - A cell stack with cells adapted to operate as either fuel cells or electrolysis cells comprises cells with a counter-flow of the anode gas relative to the cathode gas on a first part of each cell and a co-flow on a second part of each cell which evens out the temperature profile of the cell and cell stack relative to a co-flow or a counter-flow cell. | 07-04-2013 |
| 20130260275 | FUEL CELL STACK - There is a problem with a conventional fuel cell stack in that the parts count is increased in order to obtain a structure with which vibration of the laminate is controlled. A fuel cell stack (FS) is produced by forming a structure comprising a laminate ( | 10-03-2013 |
| 20130280634 | Unit Cell of Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Preparation Method Thereof, and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Using the Unit Cell - The present invention relates to a unit cell of a metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell in which a manifold is formed integrally with electrodes, and includes a metal support; a first electrode formed on a surface of the metal support; an electrolyte formed on a surface of the first electrode; and a second electrode formed on a surface of the electrolyte and having a polarity opposed to that of the first electrode, wherein the metal support, the first electrode, the electrolyte, and the second electrode are formed with a manifold, a fluid passage. The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a unit cell of a metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell, and a stack using the solid oxide fuel cell. | 10-24-2013 |
| 20140004439 | JOINING MATERIAL AND STACK STRUCTURE OF FUEL CELL USING THE JOINING MATERIAL | 01-02-2014 |
| 20140080028 | Fuel Cell Devices - A fuel cell module may include a membrane electrode assembly two gas diffusion layers, two current collectors, two sealing members, and a fluid flow plate assembly. The membrane electrode assembly may include at least one membrane for fuel cell reactions, and the two gas diffusion layers may be respectively coupled with the two opposite sides of the membrane electrode assembly. The fluid flow plate assembly is coupled with the membrane electrode assembly at a first side of the two opposite sides of the membrane electrode assembly. At least one of the membrane electrode assembly, the two gas diffusion layers, the two current collectors, and the two sealing members has a non-planar surface prior to an assembly of the membrane electrode assembly, the two gas diffusion layers, the two current collectors, and the two sealing members, and the non-planar surface is at least partially flattened when the assembly occurs. | 03-20-2014 |
| 20140147766 | Hermetic High Temperature Dielectric Conduit Assemblies - A conduit assembly for a fuel cell system includes a dielectric tube comprising a first end and a second end, a first metal tube including a first lip coupled to the first end of the dielectric tube, a first dielectric ring coupled to the first lip of the first metal tube, a second metal tube including a second lip coupled to the second end of the dielectric tube, and a second dielectric ring coupled to the second lip of the second metal tube. | 05-29-2014 |
| 20140162163 | FUEL CELL STACK - A fuel cell stack includes a plurality of fuel cells each including a first separator, a second separator and a membrane electrode assembly. A first reactant gas manifold of the first separator has an elongated opening extending along a ridge line of a first buffer portion and has an end wall surface that is located at an end of the first reactant gas manifold of the first separator near a middle portion of the first buffer portion and that is a convex curved surface. The convex curved surface and the first buffer portion are connected to each other through a channel that is bent or curved. | 06-12-2014 |
| 20140170520 | Design for Manufacturing/Assembly of a Fuel Distributor Assembly - A fuel distributor assembly for a fuel cell stack that includes an inner shell positioned within an outer shell. The outer shell is curved to define a central longitudinal chamber, a first longitudinal edge and a second longitudinal edge. The outer shell also has an inner wall surface and an outer wall surface. The first longitudinal edge and the second longitudinal edge in combination define a longitudinal slot. The first longitudinal edge is bent inwardly towards the longitudinal chamber to form a longitudinal lip. The inner shell includes a plurality of ribs extending outwardly and contacting the inner wall surface of the outer shell. The inner shell, the outer shell, the lip, and the ribs define a plurality of flow channels. The inner shell has a length along which a plurality of apertures are positioned in a partial helical pattern. A method of forming the fuel distributor is also provided. | 06-19-2014 |
| 20140170521 | FUEL CELL STACK - A fuel cell stack is provided that includes unit cells that include a manifold, an open end plate that is disposed at one side of the unit cells and that has a reaction gas inlet and outlet that are connected to the manifold, and a closed end plate that is disposed at the other side of the unit cells and that closes the manifold, In particular, the open end plate includes a first slanted surface that adjusts a flow of a reaction gas at a reaction gas inlet and a manifold interface. A first alignment protrusion forms the first slanted surface and that aligns the unit cells, and the closed end plate includes a second slanted surface that adjusts flow of a reaction gas at the manifold interface. Additionally, a second alignment protrusion forms the second slanted surface and aligns the unit cells accordingly. | 06-19-2014 |
| 20140186740 | FUEL CELL STACK - A fuel cell stack which can achieve a high output voltage even with a reduced number of staked cells using a separator in which two or more reaction areas are connected in an insulated manner. In detail, a fuel cell stack, which employs a separator with a structure in which two or more reaction areas are connected in an insulated manner by means of an insulating material to increase the voltage generated in the fuel cell stack and maintain the current at a low level, in which a gas diffusion layer, a membrane electrode assembly, etc. are sequentially stacked on each reaction area to configure stack modules having two or more reaction areas, and the reaction areas are connected in series to configure a single stack module. | 07-03-2014 |
| 20140212783 | FUEL CELL STACK WITH THIN ENDPLATE WITH INTEGRATED GAS DISTRIBUTION TUBES - A fuel cell stack comprises a thin process-gas-connection-endplate with a temperature expansion coefficient which is substantially the same as the temperature expansion coefficient of the plurality of fuel cells and interconnects forming the fuel cell stack, the length and width of the thin process-gas-connection-endplate is matching the length and width of the fuel cells and interconnects and the process-gas-connection-endplate is sealed to the stack of cells and interconnects so the process-gas-connection-endplate, cells and interconnects form one integrated unit, wherein process gas distribution tubes are fixed connected, e.g. welded or brazed to the process-gas-connection-endplate. | 07-31-2014 |
| 20140234745 | ENHANCED BONDING IN FUEL CELLS - Methods, systems, and articles relating to enhanced bonding of layers in a planar fuel cell. A planar fuel cell having a composite layer is bonded to an outer layer (e.g., a fuel or fluid manifold) using intrusions that extend through an electrolyte layer and into an underlying layer (e.g., a substrate component or a current-collector component). | 08-21-2014 |
| 20140234746 | FUEL CELL STACK - A fuel cell stack includes a stacked body, a first terminal plate, a first insulator, a first end plate, a second terminal plate, a second insulator, a second end plate, a fluid manifold, a fluid channel, a fluid hole, a first connection passage, and a second connection passage. The stacked body includes a plurality of separators and a membrane electrode assembly. The plurality of separators and the membrane electrode assembly are stacked in a stacking direction. The membrane electrode assembly includes an electrolyte membrane and a pair of electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte membrane therebetween. The stacked body has a first end and a second end opposite to the first end in the stacking direction. The first terminal plate, the first insulator, and the first end plate are disposed at the first end of the stacked body. | 08-21-2014 |
| 20140234747 | FUEL CELL STACK - A fuel cell stack includes a stacked body which includes separators and a membrane electrode assembly. A first terminal plate, a first insulator, and a first end plate are disposed at a first end of the stacked body. A second terminal plate, a second insulator, and a second end plate are disposed at a second end of the stacked body. Each of the first terminal plate and the second terminal plate is provided in a first recessed portion formed in each of the first insulator and the second insulator. Each of the first and second insulators includes an outer peripheral part and a protrusion and recess portion in the outer peripheral part which is in contact with each of the separators that is disposed at the first and second ends. The protrusion and recess portion has a shape corresponding to a protrusion and recess shape of the separator. | 08-21-2014 |
| 20140287335 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SHUNT CURRENT AND MECHANICAL LOSS MITIGATION IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS - Systems and methods for shunt current and mechanical loss mitigation in electrochemical systems include a conduit providing at least a portion of an electrically conductive pathway between the first and second electrochemical cells, wherein the conduit includes at least one shunt current suppression device configured as a loop, and/or a connector assembly for maintaining first and second connecting portions in adjacent positioning. | 09-25-2014 |
| 20140349209 | FUEL CELL STACK - A fuel cell stack has a first block having a first number of cells, a first fuel supply channel for supplying fuel gas to the first block, a collecting channel for collecting fuel gas which has passed through the first block, a second block having a second number of cells, the second number being smaller than the first number, a second fuel supply channel for supplying the second block with fuel gas which has been collected into the collecting channel, and a discharge channel for discharging fuel gas which has passed through the second block. A throttling section smaller in channel diameter than first and second fuel gas trunk channels, first and second branch channels, the collecting channel, and the discharge channel is provided downstream of the collecting channel and upstream of the second fuel supply channel. | 11-27-2014 |
| 20150030956 | CELL STACK DEVICE, FUEL CELL MODULE, FUEL CELL DEVICE, AND METHOD OF FABRICATING CELL STACK DEVICE - [Object] To provide a cell stack device, the power generation efficiency of which is improved, and a fuel cell module and a fuel cell device that include the cell stack device. | 01-29-2015 |
| 20150064595 | FLUID TUBE INCREASING UNIFORMITY OF FLUID FLOW AND APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME - A fluid tube includes: a first fluid tube; a second fluid tube connected to the first fluid tube; and a flow velocity equalizer in the second fluid tube, where the flow velocity equalizer increases a uniformity of fluid flow passed therethrough, the second fluid tube is wider than the first fluid tube, and the flow velocity equalizer includes a diverging tube and a converging tube. The fluid tube may further include a fluid divider between the flow velocity equalizer and the first fluid tube. The diverging tube of the flow velocity equalizer may have a width increasing in a fluid flow direction, and the converging tube of the flow velocity equalizer may include a plurality of converging tubes having widths decreasing in the fluid flow direction. | 03-05-2015 |
| 20150125778 | CONNECTING DEVICE FOR A FUEL CELL AND FUEL CELL FITTED WITH SUCH A DEVICE - A connecting device for a fuel cell including a cell carrier strip wound into a spiral, the device includes a tube provided with an electrically conductive outer surface and an axial electric connection terminal, as well as with a connection terminal for a first gas and radial ports for the passage of the first gas. The tube forms a channel for the distribution of the first gas between the connection terminal for the first gas and the radial ports. In addition, the device includes an electrically insulating sleeve for receiving the tube, the sleeve being provided with an open longitudinal window opposite the ports on one side of the sleeve. | 05-07-2015 |
| 20150325876 | Fuel Cell Having At Least One Active Surface Layer - The invention relates to a fuel cell having an anode/cathode stack, which comprises at least one active surface layer, which is designed having a first channel structure having a plurality of first channels for conducting a first fluid in a first direction over the surface layer, which is designed having a second channel structure having a plurality of second channels for conducting a second fluid in a second direction over the surface layer, wherein the second direction extends substantially perpendicularly to the first direction, which is designed having a first feeding structure for feeding the first fluid into the plurality of first channels, and which is designed having a second feeding structure for feeding the second fluid into the plurality of second channels. According to the invention, the first feeding structure and the second feeding structure are both arranged on a first edge of the surface layer and the first feeding structure additionally comprises an edge channel for feeding the first fluid to a second edge of the surface layer that is directed perpendicular to the first edge. | 11-12-2015 |
| 20150333357 | FUEL CELL - A fuel battery includes unit cells, each of which includes a membrane electrode assembly having tow gas diffusion layers. Gas passage forming bodies are stacked on an outer surface of each of the gas diffusion layers of each of the unit cells so that each of the unit cells includes a fuel gas passage and an oxidant gas passage. Each of the gas passage forming bodies includes water guide passages, each of which is located between adjacent ones of the gas passages. A communication passage is arranged between each of the gas passages and an adjacent one of the water guide pass to guide water from the gas passage to the water guide passage. The communication passage has a higher pressure loss than that of the gas passage. | 11-19-2015 |
| 20160013509 | FUEL CELL STACK AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM | 01-14-2016 |
| 20160056492 | FUEL BATTERY - A fuel gas supply path in a fuel cell stack includes in series a first path, a second path, and a third path. In the second path, two inlets of the fuel gas in each of power generating cells included in the second path are located at a first position PA and a second position PB, and the position of one outlet of the fuel gas in each power generating cell is located at a third position PC. In the third path, an inlet of the fuel gas in each of power generating cells included in the third path is located at a position coinciding with the third position PC when the power generating cells are viewed in the stacking direction, and an outlet of the fuel gas in each power generating cell is located at a position between the first position PA and the second position PB. | 02-25-2016 |
| 20160093911 | FUEL CELL STACK - A first end plate that constitutes a fuel cell stack is provided with an oxidant gas supply manifold member that connects an oxidant gas inlet communication hole and a circular external pipe. The oxidant gas supply manifold member has a non-circular opening portion that communicates with the oxidant gas inlet communication hole and a circular opening portion that communicates with the circular external pipe. The non-circular opening portion is disposed within an area covered by the circular opening portion. | 03-31-2016 |
| 20160104911 | FUEL CELL - A fuel cell is provided, which includes a fuel cell stack having a stacked structure in which a plurality of unit cells generating electric power are stacked, terminal plate that is joined to end of the fuel cell stack and collects the generated electric power, and insulating plate disposed outside the terminal plate. The terminal plate is provided with a first gas discharge manifold communicating with an in gas discharge manifold on a gas discharge side. The in-stack gas discharge manifold penetrates the fuel cell stack and extends in a stacking direction of the fuel cell stack. The insulating plate is provided with a second gas discharge manifold communicating with the first gas discharge manifold. The insulating plate is formed in a shape so that, in a fuel cell arranging state in which the in-stack gas discharge manifold is substantially horizontal, a manifold lower wall of the second gas discharge manifold is located vertically below a manifold lower wall of the first gas discharge manifold. Accordingly residual moisture in the gas discharge manifold is reduced, while securing flexibility of a mounting design of the fuel cell. | 04-14-2016 |
| 20160141707 | METHOD AND COMPONENTS FOR REPAIRING A CERAMIC FUEL CELL STACK ASSEMBLY - There is disclosed a method and components for repairing a fuel cell stack. In particular, the method and components relate to repairing a high temperature fuel cell stack incorporating ceramic components. The method includes identifying a fuel cell bundle within a fuel cell strip to be disconnected from the fuel cell strip, identifying at least one fuel feed pipe portion connected to the fuel cell bundle, and identifying at least one fuel outlet pipe portion connected to the fuel cell bundle. A cutting blade is positioned on the fuel feed pipe portion and cutting through the fuel feed pipe portion, and similarly for the fuel outlet pipe portion. The fuel cell bundle is then removed, and a replacement inserted in its place. | 05-19-2016 |
| 20160181623 | FUEL CELL STACK | 06-23-2016 |
| 20160204461 | FUEL CELL SYSTEM INCLUDING MULTIPLE FUEL CELL STACKS | 07-14-2016 |
| 429459000 | External manifold | 14 |
| 20110070517 | MANIFOLD AND SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL MODULE HAVING THE SAME - A manifold for distributing and supplying a fluid to solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cells. The manifold may include at least one opening disposed at one side surface of a housing to allow the fluid to flow into the housing therethrough. A plurality of second openings are disposed at another side surface of the housing to allow the fluid to be discharged out from the housing therethrough. A porous member is disposed to partition an internal space of the housing between the first opening and the plurality of second openings. In the manifold, the porous member is formed so that the first opening ratio per unit area at a first portion positioned adjacent to the first opening varies with increasing distance toward a second portion positioned distant from the first opening. | 03-24-2011 |
| 20110081593 | FUEL CELL - A fuel cell includes a stacked body formed by a plurality of single cells that are stacked together; two end plates, one of which is arranged on the outside of one end portion in the stacking direction of the plurality of single cells of the stacked body and the other of which is arranged on the outside of the other end portion in the stacking direction of the plurality of single cells of the stacked body; two fixing plates arranged on two opposing side surfaces, from among four side surfaces of the stacked body on which the end plates are not arranged, and across a gap from the stacked body; and a gas manifold arranged on at least one of the other two opposing side surfaces, from among the four side surfaces of the stacked body on which the end plates are not arranged. The gas manifold has a protruding portion that protrudes into a space formed by the gap between the fixing plates and the stacked body. | 04-07-2011 |
| 20110171556 | FUEL CELL STACK AND FUEL CELL COGENERATION SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME - A fuel cell cogeneration system of the present invention includes: a cell ( | 07-14-2011 |
| 20110171557 | INLET MANIFOLD WITH GUIDING STRUCTURE FOR FUEL CELL - A fuel cell includes an inlet manifold that communicates with an inlet pipe. The inlet pipe enters the inlet manifold at a port. A baffle is positioned about the port. The baffle captures and directs fuel away from a side of the inlet manifold that will face a cell stack. A fuel cell incorporating such an inlet manifold is also claimed. | 07-14-2011 |
| 20120015275 | SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL AND FUEL CELL STACK - A solid oxide fuel cell and a fuel cell stack are disclosed. The fuel cell stack may include a current collector electrically connected to inner and outer circumferential surfaces of a unit cell and a cap structure. The connection process between the current collector and the unit cell may be easily performed. As an external current collecting portion may be formed to surround the outer circumferential surface of the unit cell. Unit cells may be coupled to manifolds and electrically connected to one another. | 01-19-2012 |
| 20120070761 | TAPERED ANODE HEADER INSERT FOR STARTUP HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION - A fluid distribution insert adapted to be received within an inlet header of a fuel cell assembly is disclosed. The fluid distribution insert includes a wedge section having a first end and a second end. The wedge section forms a fluid flow path between a surface forming the inlet header and the wedge section, wherein the fluid flow path receives a fluid therein and delivers the fluid to a plurality of fuel cells of the fuel cell assembly. The wedge section minimizes a cross-sectional area of the fluid flow path adjacent the second end of the wedge section to maintain a substantially constant fluid velocity along a length of the inlet header. | 03-22-2012 |
| 20120100453 | Planar SOFC Stack - A solid oxide fuel cell (“SOFC”) stack device is disclosed. The SOFC stack includes SOFC units that can easily be stacked and electrically connected to one another. Furthermore, each of the SOFC units can easily be removed from the others and replaced with a new one. The fuel cell stack includes a supporting mechanism and two conducting and pressing units. The supporting mechanism includes three parts. Each part of the supporting mechanism includes slots defined therein for receiving the SOFC units. Each of the conducting and pressing units is located between two adjacent ones of the parts of the supporting mechanism. | 04-26-2012 |
| 20130065153 | FLAT TUBULAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL STACK - Provided is a flat tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack, and more particularly, a flat tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack in which a connection member is interposed between a plurality of fuel cells to smoothly supply air and increase a contact area, in order to enable a stable electrical contact. | 03-14-2013 |
| 20130216929 | FUEL CELL MODULE - Provided is a fuel cell capable of reducing the size thereof by reducing the installation space. The fuel cell includs a plurality of cell tubes, a lower tube plate fixing one end portion of the plurality of cell tubes, a gas flow path portion communicatively connected to an electric power generating chamber through the lower tube plate, a fuel discharge header and an air supply passage provided in the gas flow path portion, in which the fuel discharge header is communicatively connected to an interior of the cell tubes on one surface side and is adjacent to the air supply passage on the other surface and a side surface with a metal member interposed therebetween. | 08-22-2013 |
| 20130330648 | FLAT TUBULAR SOLID-OXIDE FUEL CELL, AND FLAT TUBULAR SOLID-OXIDE WATER ELECTROLYSIS APPARATUS - The present invention relates to a flat tubular solid-oxide fuel cell and to a water electrolysis apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to a flat tubular solid-oxide fuel cell and to a water electrolysis apparatus, wherein the flat tubular solid-oxide fuel cell comprises: a cell stack including a plurality of flat tubular unit cells; and first manifolds which are made of ceramic materials, and each of which has a first reaction gas inlet/outlet portion for the entry/exit of a first reaction gas to/from the cell stack and a first insertion portion for the insertion of either of the two ends of the cell stack, wherein the first manifolds are arranged at both ends of the cell stack, respectively, to thereby simplify the structure of the fuel cell and minimize the number of sealing portions in order to reduce the loss of reaction gas or the like. | 12-12-2013 |
| 20150079493 | EXTERNAL MANIFOLD FOR MINIMIZING EXTERNAL LEAKAGE OF REACTANT FROM CELL STACK - A fuel cell assembly has a plurality of fuel cell component elements extending between a pair of end plates to form a stack, and plural reactant gas manifolds mounted externally of and surrounding the stack, in mutual, close sealing relationship to prevent leakage of reactant gas in the manifolds to the environment external to the manifolds. The reactant gas manifolds are configured and positioned to maximize sealing contact with smooth surfaces of the stack and the manifolds. One embodiment is configured for an oxidant reactant manifold to overlie the region where the fuel reactant manifold engages the stack. Another embodiment further subdivides an oxidant reactant manifold to include a liquid flow channel, which liquid flow channel overlies the region where the fuel reactant manifold engages the stack. | 03-19-2015 |
| 20150357669 | HERMETIC HIGH TEMPERATURE DIELECTRIC CONDUIT ASSEMBLIES - A conduit assembly for a fuel cell system includes an inner dielectric tube having a first end and a second end, a first metal tube including a first lip coupled to the first end of the inner dielectric tube, a first dielectric ring coupled to the first lip of the first metal tube, a second metal tube including a second lip coupled to the second end of the inner dielectric tube, a second dielectric ring coupled to the second lip of the second metal tube, and an outer dielectric tube having a first end and a second end, coupled to the inner dielectric tube, the first dielectric ring and the second dielectric ring. | 12-10-2015 |
| 20160141704 | MANIFOLD BLOCK ASSEMBLY FOR FUEL CELL VEHICLES - A manifold block assembly for a fuel cell vehicle mounted on a fuel cell stack and supplying air and hydrogen to the stack, includes a manifold block in which a hydrogen discharge path connected to a hydrogen line formed in the stack, an air discharge path connected to an air line formed in the stack, and a watertight bulkhead are integrally formed with each other. The manifold block assembly further includes a hydrogen inflow pipe configured to be attached to the manifold block and connected to the hydrogen line formed in the stack. The manifold block assembly also includes an air inflow pipe configured to be attached to the manifold block and connected to the air line formed in the stack. | 05-19-2016 |
| 20190148759 | FUEL CELL STACK COLUMN INCLUDING STRESS-RELIEF COMPONENTS | 05-16-2019 |
| 429460000 | With sealing means | 15 |
| 20110136034 | GAS DISTRIBUTOR DEVICE - A gas distributor device for a fuel cell arrangement is provided. The device has a number of fuel cells with a gas distributor combined to form a fuel cell stack. The stack features a inner side and an outer side, a supporting structure or supporting device and a sealing device. The sealing device is on the inner side of the gas distributor and the supporting device is on the outer side of the gas distributor. An elastic element is between the outer side of the gas distributor and the supporting device. The elastic element executes a horizontal force to the supporting device in the direction of the sealing device, as well as corresponding fuel cell arrangement. | 06-09-2011 |
| 20110262827 | FIXED OXIDE FUEL CELL - A fixed oxide fuel cell includes: a plurality of separators each having first and second opening portions, the separators being stacked such that a membrane electrode assembly is interposed between the separators and that the first opening portions are aligned coaxially in communication with each other to constitute a fuel gas manifold while the second opening portions are aligned coaxially in communication with each other to constitute an oxidant gas manifold, fuel gas and oxidant gas being supplied to the membrane electrode assembly via the fuel gas and oxidant gas manifolds; and silver plate layers provided between the separators for sealing joints in the fuel gas and oxidant gas manifolds. | 10-27-2011 |
| 20120034545 | FUEL CELL APPARATUS - A fuel cell apparatus includes a fuel cell stack in which an end plate is arranged at both ends of a cell stacked body, and a conduit that is bolted to the fuel cell stack and that supplies and discharges fluid to and from the fuel cell stack. An end plate internal manifold that extends at an angle inclined with respect to a direction in which a stacked body internal manifold extends is formed inside the end plate. A conduit internal flow path is formed inside the conduit. A direction in which a portion that includes an end plate-connecting portion of the conduit internal flow path extends is inclined in the same direction as the direction in which the end plate internal manifold is inclined, with respect to a direction perpendicular to a surface of the end plate. | 02-09-2012 |
| 20120129073 | FUEL CELL SEPARATOR PLATE - A fuel cell stack and a bipolar plate assembly is provided that may include straight-through tunnels to transport fluids from one side of a header seal to an opposite side of a header seal, fluidly connecting fuel cell stack reactant headers and bipolar plate reactant flow channels. | 05-24-2012 |
| 20130089803 | FORCE DISTRIBUTOR FOR A FUEL CELL STACK OR AN ELECTROLYSIS CELL STACK - A fuel cell or electrolysis cell stack has force distributors ( | 04-11-2013 |
| 20130130146 | Multi-Layered Coating Providing Corrosion Resistance to Zirconia Based Electrolytes - A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack including a plurality of SOFCs and a plurality of interconnects. Each interconnect is located between two adjacent SOFCs, and each interconnect contains a Mn or Co containing, electrically conductive metal oxide layer on an air side of the interconnect. The SOFC stack also includes a barrier layer located between the electrically conductive metal oxide layer and an adjacent SOFC. The barrier layer is configured to prevent Mn or Co diffusion from the electrically conductive metal oxide layer to the adjacent SOFC. | 05-23-2013 |
| 20130177830 | FUEL CELL ASSEMBLY SEALING ARRANGEMENT - An example seal assembly includes a first seal that is configured to be placed between a fuel cell manifold and a fuel cell stack. The first seal establishes a recessed area within a side of the first seal that faces the fuel cell stack. The fuel cell seal assembly further includes a second seal that is configured to be placed between the first seal and the fuel cell stack within the recessed area. An example method of sealing a fuel cell interface includes holding a first seal within a groove established within a manifold and holding a second seal within a recessed area established within the second seal. The method limits flow of a fuel cell fluid using a first seal and the second seal. | 07-11-2013 |
| 20140065509 | COMPRESSIBLE FUEL CELL SUBGASKET WITH INTEGRATED SEAL - Fuel cell subgaskets made of extrusion based, microcellular polymeric foam; fuel cell stacks comprising the provided subgaskets; methods of sealing between plates of a fuel cell stack using the provided subgaskets; and methods of manufacturing such subgaskets. | 03-06-2014 |
| 20140342265 | FUEL CELL SYSTEMS - Described herein are fuel cell systems that include fuel cell covers, as well as electronic systems and methods for optimizing the performance of a fuel cell system. In the various embodiments, a fuel cell cover includes an interface structure proximate to one or more fuel cells. The interface structure is configured to affect one or more environmental conditions proximate to the one or more fuel cells. An electronic system includes an electronic device, one or more fuel cells operably coupled to the electronic device, and an interface structure proximate to the one or more fuel cells. The interface structure affects one or more environmental conditions near or in contact with the one or more fuel cells. A method includes providing a fuel cell layer, and positioning an interface layer proximate to the fuel cell layer. | 11-20-2014 |
| 20140342266 | FUEL CELL INCLUDING COUPLING DEVICE - A fuel cell including a coupling device according to the present invention is configured such that a fastening member for fastening a manifold to a stack is coupled to the manifold in such a manner that the fastening member directly contacts the manifold thus enabling the stack and the manifold to be flexible in reacting to a difference in the thermal deformation between the stack and the manifold, the fastening member having a predetermined cross-sectional area such that the fastening member cannot be easily thermally deformed by an environmental change, thus minimizing a degradation of the binding force of the fastening member. Furthermore, a portion of a frame of a first coupled unit is coupled independently of other frames, and therefore, a degradation of a coupling force of a certain frame is preemptively prevented from affecting other frames even when the degradation occurs during the operation of the fuel cell, thus preventing the coupling between the stack and the manifold from consequently being degraded. As a result, a sudden degradation of the fuel cell performance is prevented. | 11-20-2014 |
| 20150050577 | FUEL CELL STACK AND SEAL PLATE USED FOR THE SAME - A fuel cell stack includes a plurality of cell modules each formed by stacking a plurality of fuel cells, each of the plurality of fuel cells having a membrane electrode assembly having an insulating member at an outer periphery portion thereof and paired separators sandwiching the membrane electrode assembly, and by attaching the insulating members of adjacent fuel cells together, and a seal plate interposed between the stacked cell modules. The seal plate includes a plurality of manifold holes from which two power-generation gases flow separately through the plurality of fuel cells, and a first seal member provided along a peripheral portion of each of the plurality of manifold holes to seal a corresponding one of the two power-generation gases flowing through the manifold hole. | 02-19-2015 |
| 20150093675 | FUEL CELL STACK INCLUDING END PLATE HAVING INSERTION HOLE - A fuel cell stack includes a stack including a plurality of unit cells, which is stacked on one another in a predetermined direction, first and second end plates disposed on opposing ends of the stack, and a supply line disposed on a first surface of the first end plate to supply fuel or air to the plurality of unit cells, where an insertion hole is defined in a second surface of the first end plate to be adjacent to the supply line, and the second surface of the first end plate is substantially perpendicular to the first surface of the first end plate. | 04-02-2015 |
| 20160064766 | FUEL CELL STACK - A fuel cell includes a first separator and a second separator. A second protrusion is formed on a first sealing portion of the first separator. A concave portion is formed in a second sealing portion of the second separator. When fuel cells are stacked together sequentially in the vertical direction without displacing relative to one another, the center of the second protrusion and the center of the concave portion are aligned with each other. Even if the fuel cells are displaced while being stacked together, the upper fuel cell in the vertical direction is moved to decrease the distance between the center of the second protrusion and the center of the corresponding concave portion. | 03-03-2016 |
| 20160133950 | FUEL CELL SEPARATOR, FUEL CELL, AND FUEL CELL BATTERY - A fuel cell separator | 05-12-2016 |
| 20160141706 | COMPONENTS AND METHODS FOR MANUFACTURE AND ASSEMBLY OF A FUEL CELL STACK - A fuel cell stack which is amenable to simple manufacturing processes and is thermally and mechanically compliant. The fuel cell stack reduces the number of components by combing fuel cell tubes to form tube sub-assemblies, the tube sub-assemblies comprising end fittings connected to the fuel cell tubes, the end fittings provided with at least one or preferably a plurality of channels to provide equal distribution of fuel throughout the fuel cell tubes. | 05-19-2016 |
| 429461000 | Manifold material | 4 |
| 20110189578 | FUEL CELL SYSTEM INCLUDING A RESILIENT MANIFOLD INTERCONNECTING MEMBER - A solid oxide fuel cell module includes a manifold member comprising a plurality of openings. The solid oxide fuel cell module further includes a plurality of fuel cell tube units. The solid oxide fuel cell module further includes a fuel cell tube unit to manifold interconnect member providing a fluid flow channel between the manifold member and the plurality of tubes, wherein the fuel cell tube unit to manifold interconnect member comprises a polymer material. | 08-04-2011 |
| 20120141904 | LOW MASS SOLID OXIDE FUEL DEVICE ARRAY MONOLITH - According to one embodiment of the invention a fuel cell device array monolith comprises at least three planar electrolyte sheets having two sides. The electrolyte sheets are situated adjacent to one another. At least one of the electrolyte sheets is supporting a plurality of anodes situated on one side of the electrolyte sheet; and plurality of cathodes situated on the other side of the electrolyte sheet. The electrolyte sheets are arranged such that the electrolyte sheets with a plurality of cathodes and anodes is situated between the other electrolyte sheets. The at least three electrolyte sheets are joined together by sintered fit, with no metal frames or bipolar plates situated therebetween. | 06-07-2012 |
| 20160064767 | UNIT CELL OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL, STACK USING THE UNIT CELL, AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE UNIT CELL AND THE STACK - A unit cell includes an air inlet/outlet that is formed on a frame unit rather than being installed in a fuel electrode (anode) to simplify a sealing process, and accordingly, a continuous process using a tape casting technique may be performed. In addition, an electrolyte material that is in contact with an air electrode (cathode) in the frame unit is optimized to improve ion conductivity and a porosity of an upper layer material of the fuel electrode unit is optimized to increase fuel diffusion from a gas channel to an electrolyte layer. In addition, a sealing process performed inside the unit cell or between the unit cells of the stack is stabilized and strongly maintained, and thus a fuel cell using the unit cell and the stack disclosed herein may have excellent economic feasibility and high energy efficiency. | 03-03-2016 |
| 20160141705 | FUEL CELL STACK ASSEMBLY - There is provided a fuel cell stack assembly being thermally and mechanically compliant. The fuel cell stack comprises fuel feed pipe and fuel outlet pipe, a plurality of bundles of fuel cell tube sub-assemblies, the bundles being separated by an expansion gap to prevent thermal and mechanical stresses propagating from one bundle to an adjacent bundle. | 05-19-2016 |
