| Entries |
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| 20080208276 | Induced Current Measurement Systems And Methods - In an embodiment, the invention includes a measurement system for measuring induced currents within an implantable medical device undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. The measurement system can include a resistor connected in series with a conductive loop and electronic circuitry configured to generate a signal representative of a voltage differential across the resistor. In some embodiments, the measurement system includes a fiber optic cable configured to transmit the signal away from the area subject to magnetic resonance imaging. In some embodiments, the measurement system includes a transmitter to wirelessly transmit the signal away from the area subject to magnetic resonance imaging. In an embodiment, the invention can include an implantable medical device including a measurement system for measuring induced currents. In an embodiment, the invention can include a method of measuring an induced current in an implantable medical device undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. Other embodiments are described herein. | 08-28-2008 |
| 20080215110 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IDENTIFYING LEAD-RELATED CONDITIONS USING PREDICTION AND DETECTION CRITERIA - A method for delivering therapy in a medical device that includes a two-tiered approach of determining the presence of a lead-related condition, and determining, in response to a lead-related condition being present, the presence of oversensing. Deliver of therapy by the medical device is controlled in response to determining that both the lead-related condition and oversensing are present. | 09-04-2008 |
| 20080243202 | Estimating acute response to cardiac resynchronization therapy - Systolic timing intervals are measured in response to delivering pacing energy to a pacing site of a patient's heart. An estimate of a patient's acute response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) for the pacing site is determined using the measured systolic timing intervals. The estimate is compared to a threshold. The threshold preferably distinguishes between acute responsiveness and non-responsiveness to CRT for a patient population. An indication of acute responsiveness to CRT for the pacing site may be produced in response to the comparison. | 10-02-2008 |
| 20080281372 | NEURAL STIMULATION SYSTEM ANALYZER - Various embodiments relate to a device to analyze an implantable neural stimulation system that includes an implantable neural stimulation lead for an implantable neural stimulator to be implanted into a patient. Various device embodiments comprise an external housing, a pacing circuit in the housing, and a sensing circuit in the housing. The pacing circuit is adapted to deliver a test neural stimulation signal. At least one test lead cable is adapted to electrically connect the pacing circuit and the implantable neural stimulation lead to enable the test neural stimulation signal to be delivered to a neural target through the test lead cable and the implantable neural stimulation lead. At least one physiological sensor is adapted to sense a physiological response to stimulation of the neural target. At least one sensor cable is adapted to electrically connect the sensing circuit and the at least one physiological sensor. | 11-13-2008 |
| 20080306567 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR IMPROVING CRT RESPONSE AND IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL NON-RESPONDERS TO CRT THERAPY - A method is disclosed that includes selecting an electrode configuration from a plurality of electrode configurations associated with electrodes of an implantable lead, sensing activity of the right ventricle and the left ventricle, determining an interval between sensed activity of the right ventricle and sensed activity of the left ventricle and determining whether the selected electrode configuration is suitable based at least in part on the interval. In one embodiment, an implantable device performs such a method to improve patient response to the CRT therapy, for example, by selecting a different electrode configuration if the current configuration is not suitable. Other exemplary methods, devices, systems, etc., are also disclosed. | 12-11-2008 |
| 20080306568 | Identifying heart failure patients suitable for resynchronization therapy using QRS complex width from an intracardiac electrogram - Methods and systems are disclosed for determining whether a patient is a responder to cardiac resynchronization therapy. The beginning and ending of the intrinsic ventricular depolarization are determined through signals measured from one or more electrodes implanted in the patient's heart. An interval between the beginning and ending of the intrinsic ventricular depolarization is computed and is compared to a threshold. The threshold may be determined empirically. The pacing parameters of a heart stimulation device, such as a pacemaker, may then be configured, for example, by setting the paced atrio-ventricular delay based on whether the patient responds positively to cardiac resynchronization therapy. | 12-11-2008 |
| 20080319499 | Devices and Methods for Steering Electrical Stimulation in Cardiac Rhythm Management - Tools and methods are particularly suited for certain cardiac conditions involving use of a catheter for pacing of the right and left ventricles from a lead in the right ventricle, e.g., to facilitate mechanically and/or electrically synchronous contractions for resynchronization. Certain aspects involve pacing and/or mapping by delivering pulses to a cardiac site useful for improving heart function as measured, e.g., by QRS width, fractionation, late LV activation timing, mechanical synchronicity of free wall and septal wall, effective throughput/pressure, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, a catheter arrangement includes a fixation mechanism to attach the catheter arrangement to heart tissue, individually-addressable electrodes for providing pacing signals to the heart tissue, and an elongated structure that supports the fixation mechanism and the electrodes. The elongated structure is used to direct an end thereof to the target region in the right ventricle, and deliver an electrical pacing signal to different portions within the target region of the heart when the fixation mechanism is operative to attach to heart tissue and also when the fixation mechanism is not attaching the catheter arrangement to heart tissue. | 12-25-2008 |
| 20090005831 | METHOD, APPARATUS AND PROTOCOL FOR SCREENING APPROPRIATE PATIENT CANDIDATES AND FOR CARDIAC RESYCHRONIZATION THERAPY (CRT), DETERMINING CARDIAC FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE TO ADJUSTMENTS OF VENTRICULAR PACING DEVICES AND FOLLOW-UP OF CRT PATIENT OUTCOMES - An apparatus, a method and a protocol for optimizing an implanted device in a candidate. The apparatus comprises a first sensor configured to sense a tracing signal, a transducer configured to capture an image of a region of interest, where the image is captured in synchronism with the tracing signal, and a determiner configured to determine a cardiac functional value based on the image and the tracing signal. A parameter of the implanted device is adjusted based on the cardiac functional value. | 01-01-2009 |
| 20090005832 | Circuit-Based Devices and Methods for Pulse Control of Endocardial Pacing in Cardiac Rhythm Management - Tools and methods are particularly suited for certain cardiac conditions involving use of a catheter for pacing of the right and left ventricles from a lead in the right ventricle, e.g., to facilitate mechanically and/or electrically synchronous contractions for resynchronization. Certain aspects involve pacing and/or mapping by generating pulses for delivery to a cardiac site useful for improving heart function as measured, e.g., by QRS width, fractionation, late LV activation timing, mechanical synchronicity of free wall and septal wall, effective throughput/pressure, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, an implantable pulse generator includes circuitry for generating pacing profiles, with signals of opposite polarities, specifically selected for delivery on electrodes at a site near the septal wall of a right ventricle of the heart. | 01-01-2009 |
| 20090030470 | IMPLANTABLE HEART STIMULATION DEVICE WITH REMEDIAL RESPONSE TO ANODAL CAPTURE - An implantable heart stimulating device has a left ventricular coronary sinus electrode lead provided with a tip electrode, a right ventricular electrode lead provided with a ring electrode, and a pulse generator connected to the leads that applies stimulation pulses between the tip electrode and the ring electrode, with the tip electrode serving as the anode. A monitoring unit monitors for and detects anodal capture at the right ventricular ring electrode subsequent to a stimulation. If anodal capture is detected, either a threshold search is performed by varying the pulse width and/or pulse amplitude of stimulation pulses in order to identify stimulation pulse characteristics that avoid anodal capture at the ring electrode, or at least one further electrode is activated to function as an indifferent electrode together with the ring electrode, also in order to avoid anodal capture at the ring electrode. | 01-29-2009 |
| 20090030471 | Assessing Cardiac Activity - A method of assessing contractility of a cardiac muscle which has an activation parameter, the method comprising: (a) utilizing time correlated data pertaining to an activation parameter to produce a profile of said parameter; and (b) analyzing changes in said profile to generate an indication of contractility. | 01-29-2009 |
| 20090069858 | Capture Detection for Multi-Chamber Pacing - Multi-chamber pacing may result in capture of one chamber, capture of multiple chambers, fusion, or non-capture. Approaches for detecting various capture conditions during multi-chamber pacing are described. Pacing pulses are delivered to left and right heart chambers during a cardiac cycle. A cardiac electrogram signal is sensed following the delivery of the pacing pulses. Left chamber capture only, right chamber capture only, and bi-chamber capture may be distinguished based on characteristics of the cardiac electrogram signal. Multi-chamber capture detection may be implemented using detection windows having dimensions of time and amplitude. The detection windows are associated with expected features, such as expected signal peaks, under a particular capture condition. The cardiac electrogram signal features are compared to detection windows to determine the capture condition. | 03-12-2009 |
| 20090093861 | METHODS FOR TREATING THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ELECTRIC CONDUCTION OF THE HEART - Treating the physiological electric conduction of the heart includes methods that involve guiding an electrode to a location, near the His bundle of the heart, that is determined by pacing the heart and sensing signals in response thereto, and electrically bypassing a conduction abnormality of the heart by presenting extrinsic pacing signals to the location near the His bundle of the heart. The pacing electrode may then be fixed at the location, near the His bundle, to provide subsequent pacing of the heart such that the subsequent pacing exhibits electrical bypassing of the conduction abnormality. | 04-09-2009 |
| 20090125078 | SELECTING CARDIAC PACING SITES - A method for selecting a cardiac pacing site includes steps of: securing first and second electromagnetic receiver coils at first and second positions, respectively, along a heart wall; collecting a set of non-paced heart wall motion data from each of the coils secured at the corresponding positions; applying cardiac pacing stimulation at at least one first pacing site; collecting a first set of paced heart wall motion data from each of the secured coils; comparing the non-paced heart wall motion data to the first set of paced heart wall motion data; and determining, based on the comparing, whether to maintain pacing at the at least one first cardiac pacing site or to apply pacing stimulation at a second pacing site for collection of a second set of paced heart wall motion data. The at least one first pacing site may include a right ventricular site and a left ventricular site. | 05-14-2009 |
| 20090204168 | IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE BUS SYSTEM AND METHOD - A bus system is provided for implantable medical devices. The bus system provides for flexible and reliable communication between subsystems in an implantable medical device. The bus system facilitates a wide variety of communications between various subsystems. These various subsystems can include one or more sensing devices, processors, data storage devices, patient alert devices, power management devices, signal processing and other devices implemented to perform a variety of different functions. | 08-13-2009 |
| 20090222055 | LOW POWER DIGITAL DESIGN FOR DEEP SUBMICRON TECHNOLOGY - An apparatus comprises an implantable medical device that includes a storage circuit. The storage circuit includes a first stage circuit configured to receive an input signal and to invert and store information about a data bit received in the input signal, a second stage circuit coupled to the output of the first stage circuit to invert and store information about a data bit received from the first stage circuit, and an error circuit coupled to the output of the first stage circuit and an output of the second stage circuit. The error circuit generates an error indication when the storage circuit outputs match while the first stage circuit and the second stage circuit are in an inactive state. | 09-03-2009 |
| 20090270937 | MORPHOLOGY-BASED OPTIMIZATION OF CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY - A method and apparatus for delivering cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in which an evoked response electrogram is recorded during one or more cardiac cycles and used to aid in the selection of resynchronization pacing parameters and/or to monitor the effectiveness of resynchronization therapy. The morphology of an evoked response electrogram may be recorded and analyzed to determine if and when intrinsic activation of one ventricle is occurring in order to optimally adjust the programmed atrio-ventricular (AV) delay interval for ventricular resynchronization pacing of a patient with intact AV node conduction. | 10-29-2009 |
| 20090292334 | OPTIMIZING AND MONITORING ADAPTIVE CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY DEVICES - A system for remotely monitoring cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices and for optimizing location of implanted leads. The system displays a graph of the right ventricle pacing interval (PRV) vs. left ventricle pacing interval (PLV) diagram at maximal stroke volume and or a graph of a responder curve that demonstrates the stroke volume obtained beat after beat by the implanted hemodynamic sensor with dynamically optimized AV and VV parameters. The system lends itself easily to be used as a remote monitoring means for active and resting patients. | 11-26-2009 |
| 20090306735 | IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC STIMULATOR, DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR MONITORING THE STATUS OF A CARDIAC LEAD - A cardiac stimulator has an implantable cardiac lead that carries a temperature sensitive element with a surface thereof in contact with biological matter. The temperature sensitive element emits a temperature signal corresponding to the temperature of biological matter, such as blood, in contact with the surface of the temperature sensitive element. Processing circuitry receives the temperature signal and determines a variability thereof within a selected time interval. A status signal is emitted dependent on this variability. | 12-10-2009 |
| 20090306736 | ACCELEROMETER-BASED MONITORING OF THE FREQUENCY DYNAMICS OF THE ISOVOLUMIC CONTRACTION PHASE AND PATHOLOGIC CARDIAC VIBRATIONS - Methods and systems are disclosed that characterize cardiac function using an acceleration sensor to acquire and analyze the frequency dynamics associated with the isovolumic contraction phase (“ICP”). This information can be used to characterize heart function; optimize therapy for cardiomyopathy, including CRT therapy (including pacing intervals and required pharmacologic therapy); and to optimize CCM therapy. In addition, this information can be used to identify target pacing regions for CRT lead placement. Further, analyzing the frequency dynamics can be used to characterize pathologic heart vibrational motion, such as mitral regurgitation and the third or fourth heart sound, and the response of this motion to therapy for cardiomyopathy. | 12-10-2009 |
| 20090318997 | System and Method of Detecting and Diagnosing Pacing System Malfunctions - A method of diagnosing a malfunction of a pacing system includes the steps of receiving a biopotential signal, detecting a pacing system malfunction, detecting a cause of the malfunction, and displaying the detected malfunction and detected cause of the malfunction. A pacing system is also disclosed herein. The system includes an electrode array that receives a biopotential signal associated with the pacing system. A malfunction detector applies a malfunction logic to the biopotential signal to identify a pacing system malfunction and applies a morphology logic to the biopotential signal to identify a morphology of the biopotential signal. An output generator receives an indication of the identified pacing system malfunction and the identified cause of the malfunction and creates an output indicative of the identified pacing system malfunction and the identified cause. | 12-24-2009 |
| 20090326600 | LEAD INTEGRITY TESTING DURING SUSPECTED TACHYARRHYTHMIAS - Techniques for performing a lead integrity test during a suspected tachyarrhythmia are described. An implantable medical device (IMD) may perform the test prior to delivering a therapeutic shock to treat the suspected tachyarrhythmia and, in some cases, may withhold the shock based on the test. In some examples, the IMD measures an impedance of a lead a plurality of times during the suspected tachyarrhythmia. In some examples, the IMD measures the impedance a plurality of times between two sensed events of the suspected tachyarrhythmia. The IMD or another device may determine a variability of, or otherwise compare, the measured impedances to evaluate the integrity of the lead. Instead of or in addition to withholding a shock, the IMD or another device may change a sensing or stimulation vector of the IMD, or provide an alert to a user, if the integrity test indicates a possible lead integrity issue. | 12-31-2009 |
| 20100010558 | IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE WITH LEAD FAILURE DETECTION - An implantable heart stimulating device has an ECG sensing unit to receive heart potential signals from sensing electrodes at an electrode lead arranged in connection with a patient's heart. The ECG sensing unit is provided with a programmable make-break threshold. The device further has a timer adapted to generate a make-break detection period, and a counter. The counter is adapted to count the number of times that the amplitude of the heart potential signal exceeds the programmable make-break threshold during the make-break detection period. When the number of times is higher than a predetermined value, the ECG obtained during the make-break detection period is stored in an ECG storage unit. | 01-14-2010 |
| 20100010559 | EVENT-BASED BATTERY MONITOR FOR IMPLANTABLE DEVICES - A remaining charge capacity of a battery having an initial charge capacity is monitored. The battery powers a remote implantable medical device (IMD) that includes an active state, during which the remote IMD performs at least one function, and an inactive state, during which the remote IMD performs no functions. An active state charge consumption is computed based on stored parameters associated with an operational charge consumption for each function, and an inactive state charge consumption is computed based on a leakage current associated with the inactive state and a time the remote IMD is in the inactive state. The active state charge consumption and inactive state charge consumption are subtracted from the initial charge capacity to determine the remaining charge capacity. | 01-14-2010 |
| 20100023083 | METHODS AND DEVICES INVOLVING AUTOMATIC ATRIAL BLANKING - During a period of time comprising a plurality of cardiac cycles, a time relationship between ventricular events and atrial detections is established. Based on the relationship, a post-ventricular atrial refractory period is defined. The period includes an absolute atrial refractory period and a segmented relative atrial refractory period, wherein the segmented relative atrial refractory period includes at least one blanking window during which atrial detections of ventricular events have or are likely to occur. | 01-28-2010 |
| 20100049271 | IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE WITH AUTOMATIC SENSING ADJUSTMENT - An implantable medical device system that senses physiologic processes via multiple sensor signal configurations. The device can further process the sensor configurations to obtain additional processed signal configurations. The device can utilize the processed configurations for ongoing sensing of the physiologic process. The device can also automatically evaluate the multiple sensor configurations as well as the processed configurations and select the configuration offering the best signal discrimination to reduce oversensing or erroneously interpreting secondary characteristics of the physiologic process as corresponding to primary characteristics of the process as in double-counting. The signal discrimination can be evaluated as an absolute margin and/or a ratio between amplitudes of the primary and secondary characteristics. The signal discrimination can also be evaluated based at least in part on a calculated mean and standard deviation according to each configuration. | 02-25-2010 |
| 20100063561 | IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC STIMULATION DEVICES WITH SAFE-MODE OPERATION - A plurality of electrodes are implanted in, on or near the patient's heart and initially configured to define first circuits or vectors enabled for at least one of sensing and stimulating and second circuits or vectors which are idle for at least one of sensing and stimulating. Selected first circuits or second circuits are tested for fault indications related to one or both of sensing and stimulating and a status record is updated to indicate corresponding sensing fault indications and stimulating fault indications. If a sensing fault is found in one of the first circuits, the first circuit is redefined when enabled for sensing to include at least one electrode of a second circuit that does not have a record of a sensing fault indication. Likewise, if a stimulating fault is found in one of the first circuits, the first circuit is redefined when enabled for stimulating to include at least one electrode of a second circuit that does not have a record of a stimulating fault indication. | 03-11-2010 |
| 20100076515 | Implantable Medical Devices Using Heuristic Filtering in Cardiac Event Detection - Methods for performing cardiac signal analysis in an implanted medical device, and devices configured to perform illustrative methods of cardiac signal analysis. A cardiac signal is captured by an implanted device using implanted electrodes and, during at least certain conditions, the cardiac signal undergoes heuristic filtering. In some embodiments, heuristic filtering is achieved by modifying a signal or value that is used as an indicator of received signal amplitude. In an illustrative example, the heuristic filtering includes periodically incrementing or decrementing the signal or value toward a desired quiescent point, where the heuristic filter period is significantly longer than the sampling period for the signal itself. In another illustrative example, the heuristic filter frequency can be adjusted dynamically to keep the signal average near the desired quiescent point. | 03-25-2010 |
| 20100087890 | TRACKING PROGRESSION OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE VIA A FORCE-FREQUENCY RELATIONSHIP - A system, method, or device monitor a force-frequency relationship exhibited by a patient's heart. A contractility characteristic, such as a heart sound characteristic of an S | 04-08-2010 |
| 20100100148 | CAPTURE ASSESSMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF TIMING FOR CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY - An exemplary method includes performing a ventricular capture assessment, determining a ventricular paced propagation delay (PPD) and/or an interventricular conduction delay (IVCD) using information acquired during the ventricular capture assessment and optimizing at least an interventricular delay (VV) based at least in part on the ventricular paced propagation delay (PPD) and/or the interventricular conduction delay (IVCD). Another exemplary method includes performing an atrial capture assessment, determining an atrial evoked response width (ΔA) and one or more atrio-ventricular intervals (AR) using information acquired during the atrial capture assessment and optimizing an atrio-ventricular (PV or AV) delay based at least in part on the atrial evoked response width (ΔA) and the one or more atrio-ventricular intervals (AR). Other exemplary methods, devices, systems, etc., are also disclosed. | 04-22-2010 |
| 20100121403 | IDENTIFICATION OF ELECTRO-MECHANICAL DYSYNCHRONY WITH A NON-CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPEUTIC DEVICE - An implantable cardiac therapy device and methods of using a device including an implantable stimulation pulse generator, one or more implantable leads defining sensing and stimulation circuits adapted to sense and deliver therapy in at least one right side heart chamber, and an implantable controller in communication with the stimulation pulse generator and the one or more patient leads so as to receive sensed signals indicative of a patient's physiologic activity and deliver indicated therapy. The controller is adapted to monitor at least one indicator of cardiac dysynchrony and to compare the at least one indicator to a determined dysynchrony threshold. The threshold is determined for indications that the patient be further evaluated for cardiac resynchronization therapy. The controller is further adapted to set an alert when the at least one indicator exceeds the threshold to indicate to a clinician that evaluation for bi-ventricular pacing might be indicated. | 05-13-2010 |
| 20100152805 | MEDICAL DEVICE SENSING AND DETECTION DURING MRI - A medical device includes a sensor for sensing for an MRI gradient magnetic field and a microprocessor for responding to the detected gradient magnetic field by switching from a first electrical signal processing mode to a second electrical signal processing mode, such that electrical signals induced by the gradient magnetic field and an associated RF burst are not counted as cardiac events. | 06-17-2010 |
| 20100174337 | PACE COUNTER ISOLATION FOR CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION PACING - A system and method recording sensing and pacing events in a cardiac rhythm management device. The method may be particularly useful in assessment of pacing parameters for ventricular resynchronization therapy. | 07-08-2010 |
| 20100204745 | CROSS-CHANNEL NOISE DETECTOR IN IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICES - An apparatus comprises a primary cardiac signal sensing circuit to sense a first cardiac signal, a secondary cardiac signal sensing to sense a second cardiac signal, and an arrhythmia detection circuit. The primary sensing circuit includes at least first and second implantable electrodes, and the secondary sensing circuit includes a third implantable electrode to deliver high-energy shock therapy. The arrhythmia detection circuit detects tachyarrhythmia using the primary sensing circuit, determines correspondence between events sensed with the primary sensing circuit and events sensed with the secondary sensing circuit, and deems whether a detected rhythm is indicative of noise or is indicative of an arrhythmia according to the determined correspondence. | 08-12-2010 |
| 20100280567 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IDENTIFYING CARDIAC AND NON-CARDIAC OVERSENSING USING INTRACARDIAC ELECTROGRAMS - A method and apparatus for automatically identifying various types of cardiac and non-cardiac oversensing and automatically performing a corrective action to reduce the likelihood of oversensing is provided. EGM data, including time intervals between sensed and paced events and signal morphologies, are analyzed for patterns indicative of various types of oversensing, including oversensing of far-field R-waves, R-waves, T-waves, or noise associated with electromagnetic interference, non-cardiac myopotentials, a lead fracture, or a poor lead connection. Identification of oversensing and its suspected cause are reported so that corrective action may be taken. The corrective action may include, for example, adjusting sensing parameters such as blanking periods, decay constants, decay delays, threshold values, sensitivity values, electrode configurations and the like. | 11-04-2010 |
| 20100305651 | MEASURING AUTONOMIC TONE USING ATRIOVENTRICULAR DELAY - An autonomic status indicator representative of a sympathetic/parasympathetic balance of a subject can use atrioventricular (AV) delays measured during recovery from (or in response to) elevated atrial pacing while the subject is at rest. | 12-02-2010 |
| 20100318151 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MANAGING NOISE IN IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICES - Embodiments of the invention are related to managing noise in sensed signals in implantable medical devices, amongst other things. In an embodiment the invention includes a method for processing electrical signals obtained from a patient including gathering a first set of electrical signals using an implantable medical device, filtering to provide a second set of electrical signals, the second set including frequencies above a threshold frequency, and estimating the amount of noise present in the first set of electrical signals based on the magnitude of the second set. In an embodiment, the invention includes a medical device configured to gather a first set of electrical signals, filter the first set to provide a second set of electrical signals including frequencies above a threshold frequency, and estimate the amount of noise present in the first set based on the magnitude of the second set. Other embodiments are also included herein. | 12-16-2010 |
| 20110009918 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFYING A POTENTIAL LEAD FAILURE IN AN IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE - A method for detecting potential failures by a lead of an implantable medical device is provided. The method includes sensing a first signal over a first channel between a first combination of electrodes on the lead and sensing a second signal from a second channel between a second combination of electrodes on the lead. The method determines whether at least one of the first and second signals is representative of a potential failure in the lead and identifies a failure and the electrode associated with the failure based on which of the first and second sensed signals is representative of the potential failure. Optionally, when the first and second sensed signals are both representative of the potential failure, the method further includes determining whether the first and second sensed signals are correlated with one another. When the first and second sensed signals are correlated, the method declares an electrode common to both of the first and second combinations to be associated with the failure. | 01-13-2011 |
| 20110040346 | METHOD FOR SCHEDULING ATRIAL-VENTRICULAR CONDUCTION CHECKS IN MINIMUM VENTRICULAR PACING - A medical device and associated method deliver cardiac pacing in a dual chamber pacing mode and schedule an atrial-ventricular (AV) conduction check during the dual chamber pacing mode to detect the presence of AV conduction. If AV conduction is detected during the scheduled AV conduction check, the medical device switches to an atrial pacing mode and switches back to the dual chamber pacing mode in response to an absence of AV conduction during the atrial pacing mode. The detected AV conduction is identified as a false positive detection in response to the pacing mode switch to the dual chamber pacing mode occurring within a predetermined interval of time from detecting the AV conduction. | 02-17-2011 |
| 20110054558 | IDENTIFYING A LEAD RELATED CONDITION BASED ON DETECTING NOISE SUBSEQUENT TO SIGNAL DELIVERY - In general, the disclosure describes techniques for detecting lead related conditions, such as lead fractures or other lead integrity issues. As described herein, delivering an electrical signal through selected electrodes may result in, reveal, or amplify noise if a lead related condition is present. A processor may detect electrical noise indicative of the lead related condition subsequent to the delivery of the electrical signal, and identify a lead related condition in response to detecting the noise. | 03-03-2011 |
| 20110098771 | MULTIPLE VECTOR FLUID LOCALIZATION - A differential or relative measurement between an orthogonal measurement vector and another measurement vector can be used to determine the location where fluid accumulation is occurring or the local change in such fluid accumulation. This can help diagnose or treat infection or hematoma or seroma at a pocket of an implanted cardiac rhythm management device, other implanted medical device, or prosthesis. It can also help diagnose or treat pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pulmonary congestion, pericardial effusion, pericarditis, pleural effusion, hemodilution, or another physiological condition. | 04-28-2011 |
| 20110106203 | SYSTEM AND METHOD TO EVALUATE ELECTRODE POSITION AND SPACING - A method and apparatus for tracking and illustrating the location of leads positioned within the volume is disclosed. For example, the lead electrodes can be positioned within a heart of a patient that can be tracked over time. The lead electrodes can be tracked with an electrode potential or bioimpedance tracking system to determine the position of the lead electrodes. A method and apparatus is disclosed to analyze the position information for analyzing the selected position of the lead electrodes. | 05-05-2011 |
| 20110112597 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OFF-LINE REPROGRAMMING OF IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE COMPONENTS TO REDUCE FALSE DETECTIONS OF CARDIAC EVENTS - Techniques are provided for use by implantable medical devices such as pacemakers or by external systems in communication with such devices. An intracardiac electrogram (IEGM) is sensed within a patient in which the device is implanted using a cardiac signal sensing system. Cardiac events of interest such as arrhythmias, premature atrial contractions (PACs), premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and pacemaker mediated tachycardias (PMTs) are detected within the patient using event detection systems and then portions of the IEGM representative of the events of interest are recorded in device memory. Subsequently, during an off-line or background analysis, the recorded IEGM data is retrieved and analyzed to identify false detections. In response to false detections, the cardiac signal sensing systems and/or the event detection systems of the implantable device are selectively adjusted or reprogrammed to reduce or eliminate any further false detections, including false-positives or false-negatives. Various adaptive reprogramming techniques are described. | 05-12-2011 |
| 20110112598 | Biventricular Cardiac Stimulator - A biventricular cardiac stimulator is disclosed, comprising a right ventricular stimulation unit, a left ventricular stimulation unit, and a pacemaker timer. In order to detect the effect of a particular atrioventricular delay time (AVD) and a particular interventricular delay time (VVD), the cardiac stimulator has a detector for sensing a hemodynamic benefit. To optimize AVD and VVD, the pacemaker timer is connected to a memory for a particular instantaneous value for the atrioventricular delay time (AVD | 05-12-2011 |
| 20110137369 | OPTIMAL PACING CONFIGURATION VIA VENTRICULAR CONDUCTION DELAYS - An exemplary method for optimizing pacing configuration includes providing distances between electrodes of a series of three or more ventricular electrodes associated with a ventricle; selecting a ventricular electrode from the series; delivering energy to the ventricle via the selected ventricular electrode, the energy sufficient to cause an evoked response; acquiring signals of cardiac electrical activity associated with the evoked response via non-selected ventricular electrodes of the series; based on signals of cardiac electrical activity acquired via the non-selected ventricular electrodes and the distances, determining conduction velocities; based on the conduction velocities, deciding if the selected ventricular electrode is an optimal electrode for delivery of a cardiac pacing therapy; and, if the selected ventricular electrode comprises an optimal electrode for delivery of the cardiac pacing therapy, calling for delivery of the cardiac pacing therapy using the selected ventricular electrode. Various other methods, devices, systems, etc., are also disclosed. | 06-09-2011 |
| 20110160791 | CONFIGURING OPERATING PARAMETERS OF A MEDICAL DEVICE BASED ON EXPOSURE TO A DISRUPTIVE ENERGY FIELD - An implantable medical device (IMD) determines an effect of the disruptive energy field and adjusts one or more operating parameters of the IMD based on at least the determined effect. In some instances, the IMD may determine an actual effect of the disruptive energy field, such as a temperature change, impedance change, pacing or sensing threshold change, MRI-induced interference one pacing or sensing, or other actual effect. In other instances, the IMD may determine a predicted effect of the disruptive energy field based on one or more characteristics of the exposure. In any case, the IMD adjusts one or more parameters based on at least the determined effect. | 06-30-2011 |
| 20110160792 | Method And Device For Determination Of Efficacy Of Cardiac Resynchronization Pacing Utilizing Simultaneous RV And LV Electroanotomic Cardiac Phase Motion Mapping - The current invention describes a method and system to measure and validate the efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy pacing using electroanatomical position and motion sensing during the various phases of the cardiac cycle. In this method, electroanatomical position and motion sensors are utilized with sensing from the tip of both right ventricular pacing lead and left ventricular pacing lead. An operator can therefore obtain data not currently available to an implanter with current technology. This data includes the physical distance between both leads and the relative motion of both leads during cardiac resynchronization therapy biventricular pacing. If good lead positioning for both the right ventricular lead and left ventricular lead has been obtained, then the operator will be able to demonstrate good synchronization of the cardiac cycle. | 06-30-2011 |
| 20110208261 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ASSESSING AND REPROGRAMMING SENSING VECTORS FOR USE WITH AN IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC RHYTHM MANAGEMENT DEVICE - Techniques are provided for use with a pacemaker or other implantable medical device capable of sensing electrical signals along a set of programmable sensing vectors. In one example, electrical cardiac signals are sensed within a patient using a primary sensing vector connected to a primary sensing channel for use in controlling the delivery of therapy. If the device detects a significant drop in key signal parameters such as peak signal amplitude or slew rate, an assessment is made whether an alternate sensing vector provides improved cardiac signal sensing. During the assessment, the device can continue to sense signals along the primary channel for the purposes of controlling therapy while alternate vectors are assessed in the background. If it is determined that an alternate sensing vector provides improved cardiac signal sensing, the primary sensing channel can be switched to the alternate sensing vector for use in controlling further therapy. | 08-25-2011 |
| 20110257699 | IMPLANTABLE PULSE GENERATOR AND METHOD HAVING ADJUSTABLE SIGNAL BLANKING - An implantable pulse generator senses a cardiac signal, identifies cardiac events in the cardiac signal, and starts a blanking interval including a repeatable noise window blanking interval in response to each cardiac event. When noise is detected during the repeatable noise window blanking interval, the noise window blanking interval is repeated. In one embodiment, the duration of repeated repeatable noise window blanking intervals is summed and compared to a pacing escape interval. When the sum is greater than the pacing escape interval, asynchronous pacing pulses are delivered until the noise ceases. Alternatively, when the sum is greater than the pacing escape interval, the pace escape interval is repeated. | 10-20-2011 |
| 20120004699 | IDENTIFYING A LEAD RELATED CONDITION BASED ON MOTION-BASED LEAD IMPEDANCE FLUCTUATIONS - Techniques for determining whether a lead related condition exists based on a correlation between a parameter indicative of impedance of a lead and a parameter indicative of motion of the lead. In some examples, the techniques include generating an electrical signal that is indicative of impedance of the lead, generating an electrical signal that is indicative of motion of the lead, and monitoring the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the electrical signals in order to identify a correlation. In some examples, if a lead related condition is identified, an alert is provided or a sensing or therapy modification is suggested. | 01-05-2012 |
| 20120010679 | IMPLANTED HEART-STIMULATION DEVICE ENABLING CHARGE BALANCE AFTER STIMULATION SEQUENCE - In an implantable medical device, in particular an implantable heart-stimulation device, and a method for operating an implantable heart-stimulation device and a heart-stimulation system, stimulation pulses are delivered via a number of stimulation channels to selected sites on or about a patient's heart via electrodes, and wherein coupling capacitors included in the stimulation channels are subsequently discharged through a sequence of temporally non-overlapping partial discharges of the respective coupling capacitors. By this configuration, the risk of charge neutrality of a stimulation channel not being maintained at the end of a stimulation sequence, comprising the delivery of stimulation pulses via stimulation channels, is reduced or eliminated. | 01-12-2012 |
| 20120109246 | ASSESSING A LEAD BASED ON HIGH-FREQUENCY RESPONSE - In general, this disclosure is directed to techniques and circuitry to determine characteristics of an implantable lead associated with an implantable medical device (IMD). The implantable lead may be designed to be MRI-safe by having one or more components that attenuate frequencies associated with an MRI that, if left unreduced, may interfere with the performance of the lead and/or cause harm to the tissue in which the lead is implanted. The circuitry may transmit a signal through the lead and receive a response signal. The device may determine the lead characteristics by comparing the transmitted signal with the received signal. In addition to determining whether the lead is MRI-safe, the techniques of this disclosure may be also utilized to determine whether the lead is faulty. | 05-03-2012 |
| 20130030490 | SELECTION OF SPINAL CORD STIMULATION ELECTRODES FOR USE IN CARDIAC THERAPY - Methods, systems, and/or devices for selecting spinal cord stimulation (SCS) electrode array configurations to provide effective cardiac therapy. Physiological parameters related to the heart may be monitored and analyzed during the delivery of SCS using various SCS electrode array configurations to determine an effect SCS electrode array configuration. | 01-31-2013 |
| 20130053916 | LEFT-VENTRICULAR PACING SITE SELECTION GUIDED BY ELECTROGRAM MORPHOLOGY ANALYSIS - A medical device and associated method classify candidate pacing electrode sites for delivering pacing pulses to a patient's heart. A first morphology template is established and stored in memory of the device. A processor is configured to determine a cardiac signal morphology in response to delivering pacing pulses at a candidate pacing site in a first heart chamber. The processor compares the determined cardiac signal morphology to the first morphology template. The pacing site in the first heart chamber is classified in response to the comparing of the determined cardiac signal morphology and the first morphology template. | 02-28-2013 |
| 20130158622 | Implantable Device For Facilitating Control Of Electrical Stimulation Of Cervical Vagus Nerves For Treatment Of Chronic Cardiac Dysfunction - An implantable device for facilitating control of electrical stimulation of cervical vagus nerves for treatment of chronic cardiac dysfunction is provided. A stimulation therapy lead includes helical electrodes configured to conform to an outer diameter of a cervical vagus nerve sheath, and a set of connector pins electrically connected to the helical electrodes. A neurostimulator includes an electrical receptacle into which the connector pins are securely and electrically coupled. The neurostimulator also includes a pulse generator configured to therapeutically stimulate the vagus nerve through the helical electrodes in alternating cycles of stimuli application and stimuli inhibition that are tuned to both efferently activate the heart's intrinsic nervous system and afferently activate the patient's central reflexes by triggering bi-directional action potentials. Finally, the neurostimulator includes a programmable switch configured to alter the triggering of the bi-directional action potentials in response to a magnetic signal received from outside the housing. | 06-20-2013 |
| 20130238046 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ORIGIN OF A SENSED BEAT - A method for monitoring a biological cardiac pacemaker is provided. The method may include stimulating a heart at a region selected for implantation of a biological pacemaker and sensing at least one electrical signal indicative of a cardiac depolarization originating in the region selected for implantation of the biological pacemaker. The method may further include sensing at least one subsequent electrical signal produced by the heart and determining if the subsequent electrical signal originated in the region selected for the biological pacemaker or another region of the heart. In an alternative embodiment, the method may include determining a template time difference between two points on cardiac complexes sensed in two or more different cardiac locations during normal sinus rhythm. The method may further include determining a time difference between two points on a subsequent cardiac complex sensed in two or more different cardiac locations. The time differences may be compared to determine if the subsequently-sensed cardiac complex originates in a left ventricular biological pacemaker site or in another cardiac site. | 09-12-2013 |
| 20130238047 | IMPLANTABLE DEVICE FOR PROVIDING ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF CERVICAL VAGUS NERVES FOR TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION WITH LEADLESS HEART RATE MONITORING - An implantable device for providing electrical stimulation of cervical vagus nerves for treatment of chronic cardiac dysfunction with leadless heart rate monitoring is provided. A stimulation therapy lead includes helical electrodes configured to conform to an outer diameter of a cervical vagus nerve sheath, and a set of connector pins electrically connected to the helical electrodes. A neurostimulator includes an electrical receptacle into which the connector pins are securely and electrically coupled. The neurostimulator also includes a pulse generator configured to therapeutically stimulate the vagus nerve through the helical electrodes in alternating cycles of stimuli application and stimuli inhibition that are tuned to both efferently activate the heart's intrinsic nervous system and afferently activate the patient's central reflexes by triggering bi-directional action potentials. Finally, the neurostimulator includes an integrated leadless heart rate sensor configured to sense heart rate and to record the sensed heart rate as data into a memory. | 09-12-2013 |
| 20140128935 | IMPLANTED CARDIAC DEVICE FOR DEFIBRILLATION - An implantable medical device for delivering electrical cardiac therapy includes a first implantable housing containing a battery. There is also a second implantable housing separate from the first implantable housing and containing at least one of: electronic circuitry adapted to evaluate and initiate electrical cardiac therapy, a storage capacitor and an electrode structure comprising a sensing electrode, a pacing electrode and a therapy electrode. There is a method of providing electrical cardiac therapy by implanting a first housing containing a battery into a first implantation site within the body. Then, implant a second housing separate from the first housing into a second implantation site within the body. The second housing contains at least one of: electronic circuitry adapted to evaluate and initiate electrical cardiac therapy; a storage capacitor and an electrode structure comprising a sensing electrode, a pacing electrode and a therapy electrode. | 05-08-2014 |
| 20140155950 | LEADLESS CARDIAC STIMULATION SYSTEMS - Various configurations of systems that employ leadless electrodes to provide pacing therapy are provided. In one example, a system that provides multiple sites for pacing of myocardium of a heart includes wireless pacing electrodes that are implantable at sites proximate the myocardium using a percutaneous, transluminal, catheter delivery system. Each of the electrodes contains a source of electrical energy for pacing the myocardium and is adapted to receive electromagnetic energy from a source outside the myocardium. The system also includes a source adapted for placement outside the myocardium and that uses locally measured electrocardiograms to synchronize pacing of the heart by sending electromagnetic commands to the electrodes to pace the myocardium surrounding the electrodes. Also disclosed is various configurations of such systems, wireless electrode assemblies, and delivery catheters for delivering and implanting the electrode assemblies. | 06-05-2014 |
| 20140214109 | USING TELEMETRY DOWNLINK FOR REAL TIME CLOCK CALIBRATION - An implantable medical device includes a local clock generator for generating a system clock signal. The local clock generator is periodically calibrated to maintain accuracy of the generated system clock signal. A clocking circuit is coupled to the local clock generator to provide the calibration factor for calibrating the local clock generator. The implantable medical device receives an accurate clock signal that is transmitted from an external device and the accurate clock signal is provided to the clocking circuit. The system clock signal is also provided to the clocking circuit and a computation is performed to derive the calibration factor. | 07-31-2014 |
| 20140243920 | NEUROSTIMULATION CONTROLLED BY ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK - Stimulation of a patient's nervous system is controlled based on cardiovascular risk assessment performed by an implantable medical device. For example, an implantable medical device may monitor cardiac electrical activity to detect changes in the ST segment. Upon detection of a certain change in the ST segment, the implantable medical device controls the application of spinal cord stimulation and/or other neurostimulation to cardiac-related sections of the patient's nervous system. In some embodiments, the implantable medical device communicates with a separate neurostimulation device to control the neurostimulation. In some embodiments, the implantable medical device delivers the neurostimulation. | 08-28-2014 |
| 20140257423 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR STIMULATING A HEART - The present invention relates generally to implantable medical devices and more particularly to systems and methods for stimulating a heart of a patient. A first ventricle is activated by delivering stimulation to at least one stimulation site, a point of time for arrival at the AV node for at least one depolarization wave resulting from the stimulation in the first ventricle is estimated and a first activation time interval substantially corresponding to the time interval required for at least one depolarization wave to travel from the stimulation site in the first ventricle to the AV node using the estimated point of time for arrival of the depolarization wave and a point of time for delivery of stimulation is computed. Thereafter, the other ventricle is stimulated by delivering stimulation to at least one stimulation site. A point of time for arrival at the AV node for at least one depolarization wave resulting from the stimulation in the other ventricle is then estimated and a second activation time interval substantially corresponding to the time required for at least one depolarization wave to travel from the stimulation site in the other ventricle to the AV node using the estimated arrival of the depolarization wave and the point of time for delivery of stimulation is computed. Based on these activation time intervals and a difference between the intervals, a pacing therapy can be determined, wherein the first ventricle is paced prior to activation of the other ventricle if the activation time difference indicates that the first activation time interval is longer than the second activation time interval and the other ventricle is paced prior to activation of the first ventricle if the activation time difference indicates that the second activation time interval is longer than the first activation time interval. | 09-11-2014 |
| 20140277242 | MEDICAL DEVICE SYSTEM WITH ENERGY CONSUMPTION CALCULATION AND METHOD - Implantable medical device and method provides pacing to a patient having a heart using a plurality of electrodes. Electrical circuitry is operatively coupled to each of the plurality of electrodes on each of the plurality of leads and is configured to provide a plurality of stimulation vectors with the plurality of electrodes to the heart of the patient. The electrical circuitry is configured to calculate an energy consumption for each of the plurality of stimulation vectors. The electrical circuitry is configured to take an action based, at least in part, on the energy consumption calculated for each of the plurality of stimulation vectors | 09-18-2014 |
| 20140296932 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SENSING VECTOR SELECTION IN AN IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE - Methods and devices for sensing vector analysis in an implantable cardiac stimulus system. In an illustrative example, a first sensing vector is analyzed to determine whether it is suitable, within given threshold conditions, for use in cardiac event detection and analysis. If so, the first vector may be selected for detection and analysis. Otherwise, one or more additional vectors are analyzed. A detailed example illustrates methods for analyzing sensing vectors by the use of a scoring system. Devices adapted to perform these methods are also discussed, including implantable medical devices adapted to perform these methods, and systems comprising implantable medical devices and programmers adapted to communicate with implantable medical devices, the systems also being adapted to perform these methods. Another example includes a programmer configured to perform these methods including certain steps of directing operation of an associated implanted or implantable medical device. | 10-02-2014 |
| 20150032174 | COMBINATION OF FEEDBACK ON MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL RESYNCHRONIZATION TO SELECT THERAPY PARAMETERS - A system and method select a pacing site for a cardiac pacing therapy. A change from a baseline mechanical activity is extracted from a signal of mechanical heart activity during pacing at each one of multiple pacing sites along a heart chamber. A change from a baseline electrical activity is extracted from a signal of electrical heart activity during pacing at each of the of pacing sites. The pacing sites are sorted in a first order based upon the changes in mechanical heart activity and in a second order based upon the changes in electrical heart activity. A pacing site is selected from the multiple pacing sites as a common pacing site between the first order and the second order. | 01-29-2015 |
| 20150045849 | CRITERIA FOR OPTIMAL ELECTRICAL RESYNCHRONIZATION DERIVED FROM MULTIPOLAR LEADS OR MULTIPLE ELECTRODES DURING BIVENTRICULAR PACING - Generally, the disclosure is directed one or more methods or systems of cardiac pacing employing a right ventricular electrode and a plurality of left ventricular electrodes. Pacing using the right ventricular electrode and a first one of the left ventricular electrodes and measuring activation times at other ones of the left ventricular electrodes. Pacing using the right ventricular electrode and a second one of the ventricular electrodes and measuring activation times at other ones of the left ventricular electrodes. Employing sums of the measured activation times to select one of the left ventricular electrodes for delivery of subsequent pacing pulses. | 02-12-2015 |
| 20150088220 | System and Method for Synchronizing Energy Delivery to the Cardiac Rhythm - A system for synchronizing application of treatment signals with a cardiac rhythm is provided. The system includes a memory that receives and stores a synchronization signal indicating that a predetermined phase such as R-wave of a cardiac rhythm of a patient has started. A synchronization module analyzes whether the stored synchronization signal is erroneous and if so, prevents a medical treatment device from applying a treatment energy signal such as an IRE pulse to a patient to take into account an irregular heart beat and noise in the synchronization signal in order to maximize safety of the patient. | 03-26-2015 |
| 20150328468 | INNER PACKAGING FOR A STERILIZABLE CONTAINMENT AND STERILIZABLE CONTAINMENT - A sterilizable container for an implantable medical device, including an inner packaging and an outer packaging that encloses said inner packaging. The inner packaging includes an enclosure and at least two electric contacts that are arranged inside the enclosure and that are placed so as to contact an implantable medical device electrode when such implantable medical device is placed in said inner packaging. Each electric contact of said inner packaging is electrically connected to a respective planar electrode arranged at or close to an outer surface of said inner packaging so as to provide a capacitive communication interface. The inner packaging further includes fixture means that are configured to securely hold an implantable medical device in place to ensure electric contact between the at least two electric contacts and a respective implantable medical device electrode when such implantable medical device is placed in the inner packaging. | 11-19-2015 |
| 20160030752 | IMPLANTED LEAD ANALYSIS SYSTEM AND METHOD - Implanted medical device data is received, where the data was sensed by a first lead portion and a sensor over a time period. The number of detected noise events sensed by the first lead portion is counted based on applying first noise detection criteria to the data sensed by the first lead portion. The number of detected noise events over the sensor is counted based on applying second noise detection criteria to the data sensed by the sensor. The mean number of detected noise events is calculated for the first lead portion and sensor based on the number of noise events sensed by the first lead portion and the number of noise events sensed by the sensor. Potential lead failure in the first lead is recorded if the number of detected noise events over the first lead is greater than the mean number of noise events by at least 5%. | 02-04-2016 |
| 20160045732 | SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND INTERFACES FOR CONFIGURING CARDIAC THERAPY - Systems, methods, and interfaces are described herein for assisting in a user in configuring cardiac therapy. A projection of a phrenic nerve stimulation map may be projected on a graphical depiction of a portion of a patient's heart. The phrenic nerve stimulation map may indicate to a user the regions of the patient's heart that may have a likelihood of stimulating the patient's phrenic nerve. | 02-18-2016 |
| 20160045744 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR EVALUATING CARDIAC THERAPY - Systems and methods are described herein for assisting a user in evaluation of cardiac therapy. The systems and methods may monitor electrical activity of a patient using external electrode apparatus to provide baseline electrical heterogeneity information and therapy electrical heterogeneity information. The electrical heterogeneity information may be used to generate surrogate hemodynamic information. | 02-18-2016 |
| 20160175599 | LEADLESS CARDIAC STIMULATION SYSTEMS | 06-23-2016 |
