Entries |
Document | Title | Date |
20080242561 | MASSIVELY PARALLEL SYNTHESIS OF BIOPOLYMERIC ARRAYS - Methods for fabricating dense arrays of polymeric molecules in a highly multiplexed manner are provided using semiconductor-processing-derived lithographic methods. Advantageously, the methods are adaptable to the synthesis of a variety of polymeric compounds. For example, arrays of branched peptides and polymers joined by peptide bonds may be fabricated in a highly multiplexed manner. | 10-02-2008 |
20080248972 | Method of Immobilizing Protein, Protein Chip, Method of Immobilizing Cell and Cell Chip - It is intended to provide a novel method of immobilizing a protein and a protein chip, by which the protein can be immobilized at a high reproducibility while preventing the protein from inactivation without resort to a large-scaled apparatus and the protein can be immobilized even in a microchannel. Further, by using a cell adhesive protein as the protein to be immobilized, it is also possible to use a cell as a target and to provide a method of immobilizing a cell and a cell chip, by which a cell can be immobilized in an arbitrary region on a substrate. | 10-09-2008 |
20080255003 | Fabrication Of Polymeric Structures - A substrate in contact with a solution of polymerisable monomer(s) is subjected to patterned localised heating by means of a scannable laser, causing local polymerisation with generation of a pattern of polymer. The resulting patterned polymer array can be used e.g. in assay devices. | 10-16-2008 |
20080255004 | METHODS OF REVERSIBLY BINDING A BIOTIN COMPOUND TO A SUPPORT - Methods of reversal of the binding between a biotin compound and a biotin-binding compound are disclosed. A method of reversibly releasing a biotinylated moiety from a streptavidin (or avidin) coated support is shown as an example. The strong interaction between streptavidin or avidin-biotin is made much weaker by using a combination of modified streptavidin or avidin and modified biotin like desthiobiotin or a derivative thereof like DSB-X Biotin. A protein, such as an antibody may be biotinylated with the modified biotin. When this protein is isolated by binding the modified biotin to the modified streptavidin or avidin bound to an solid surface, it may be released under very gently and very rapid conditions by addition of free biotin. In contrast to proteins obtained by the prior art release methods the protein obtained using the previously available release methods, the proteins obtained using the methods disclosed herein will maintain their native conformation. Uses of the methods in various procedures including cell detachment procedures and techniques of detection, identification, determination, purification, separation and/or isolation of target proteins or nucleic acid molecules are also described. | 10-16-2008 |
20080269075 | Method and Device to Optimize Analyte and Antibody Substrate Binding by Least Energy Adsorption - The present invention provides a method of making an assay device for conducting an assay to detect a concentration of an analyte in a sample fluid. The assay devices would typically have a substantially planar surface having a series of site specific immobilized calibration spot arrays containing pre-determined quantities of the analyte printed thereon. In addition, a series of site specific immobilized test spot arrays, including capture antibody for binding the analyte protein is printed on the assay device. The method involves first modifying the planar surface to provide hydrophobic binding sites, hydrophilic linking and covalent bonding sites. Then the method requires printing the series of site specific immobilized test spot arrays and the series of site specific immobilized calibration spot arrays on the substantially planar surface. Applying the sample fluid to the assay device is the next step followed by testing a sensitivity of the assay and modulating ratios of the hydrophobic, hydrophilic and covalent binding sites in order to optimize the sensitivity of the assay. | 10-30-2008 |
20080269076 | Multiple Capillary Device and Method for Synthesis and Dispensing - A system and method for synthesizing a peptide, a nucleic acid sequence, an oligonucleotide, a DNA sequence, an RNA sequence, or the like, inside an array of capillary tubes, is provided. The system can comprise an array of capillary tubes. Each of the capillary tubes in the array of capillary tubes can comprise a first end, a second end, an inner wall, and a sequence linker bonded to the inner wall. The system can comprise a pressure control source that can be in fluid communication with each of the first ends of the array of capillary tubes. The system can comprise a reagent container support, wherein the second end of each of the capillary tubes can be adapted to move towards and/or away from the reagent container support. | 10-30-2008 |
20080274917 | Surface activation methods for polymeric substrates to provide biochip platforms and methods for detection of biomolecules thereon - A surface activation method is provided to convert polycarbonate (PC) substrates, e.g., plastic bases of optical discs, to biochip platforms. Such surface activation methods comprise providing an ozone enriched environment in a vicinity of the surface and irradiating the surface with UV radiation. Once activated, the surfaces can be used for DNA probe immobilization and target detection or other bioassays. | 11-06-2008 |
20080312104 | BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL PREPARATION CHIP AND PREPARATION CHIP SYSTEM - The present invention is directed to provide a preparation chip system having a simpler configuration and improved reliability while addressing the case where a plurality of reagents have to be fed as in a preparation of extracting DNA from a sample solution. The preparation chip system includes a sample chamber, a dissolving solution chamber, a cleaning solution chamber, an eluting solution chamber, a mixing passage connected to the sample chamber and the dissolving solution chamber and mixing the sample and the dissolving solution with each other, a carrier part connected to the mixing passage, a waste chamber connected to the carrier part via a holding passage, a collection chamber holding the eluting solution passed through the carrier part, and a plurality of resistive materials forming a passage resistor disposed in a first passage connecting the cleaning solution chamber with both the mixing passage and the carrier part. The eluting solution is passed through the carrier part by pressure from a pressure source. | 12-18-2008 |
20080312105 | Sensor For Biomolecules and a Method of Analysis Using Said Sensor - Disclosed is a method of preparing a sensor for the analysis of a sample fluid, said sample fluid containing one or more target molecules. The method comprises the step of introducing said sample fluid into a chamber equipped with a porous substrate, one or more probe molecules being applied to said porous substrate and said probes being able to specifically bind to said one or more target molecules. The method further comprises the step of moving said substrate and said chamber relatively to each other in order to force said sample fluid through the pores of said porous substrate and to capture the one or more target molecules with the one or more probe molecules. Also disclosed is a sensor for the analysis of a sample fluid. | 12-18-2008 |
20090005269 | Novel Silane Compounds and Their Use in Functionalizing Solid Supports and Immobilizing Biological Molecules on These Supports - The invention relates to novel silane compounds corresponding to the following formula (I): | 01-01-2009 |
20090023608 | METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CELL CULTURE ARRAY - Method and systems that provide improved handling and/or culturing and/or assaying of cells, chemically active beads, or similar materials in microfluidic systems and microfluidic culture arrays. | 01-22-2009 |
20090023609 | PROGRAMMABLE MASK FOR FABRICATING BIOMOLECULE ARRAY OR POLYMER ARRAY, APPARATUS FOR FABRICATING BIOMOLECULE ARRAY OR POLYMER ARRAY INCLUDING THE PROGRAMMABLE MASK, AND METHOD OF FABRICATING BIOMOLECULE ARRAY OR POLYMER ARRAY USING THE PROGRAMMABLE MASK AND PHOTOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS APPARATUS - Provided are a programmable mask for promptly fabricating a biomolecule or polymer array having high density, an apparatus for fabricating a biomolecule or polymer array including the mask, a method of fabricating a biomolecule or polymer array using the programmable mask and a photochemical synthesis apparatus. The programmable mask for fabricating a biomolecule array or polymer array includes a first substrate including a black matrix having openings and first pixel electrodes; a second substrate including thin film transistors for switching pixel regions which correspond to the openings according to applied electric signals and second pixel electrodes connected to drain electrodes of the thin film transistors; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal whose arrangement can be changed according to electric signals of the thin film transistors so as to selectively transmit light; a first polarizing plate laminated on one side of the first substrate; a second polarizing plate laminated on one side of the second substrate; and a lens array layer laminated on one side of the second polarizing plate including lenses which correspond to the pixel regions. | 01-22-2009 |
20090036326 | Process Of Immobilizing Biomolecules In Porous Supports By Using An Electronic Beam - A process of immobilizing biomolecules on a support of porous silicon locally activated by using an electronic beam, activated supports of porous silicon produced in this way, and their use for sensorics applications in biological, medical fields. | 02-05-2009 |
20090036327 | Method for chemical treatment of porous silicon surface - A method which renders the 3D surface of the insides of the pores of porous silicon biochip appropriate for conducting studies on biomolecule interactions without labels. | 02-05-2009 |
20090062148 | Substrate preparation process - The present invention provides novel processes for the large scale preparation of arrays of polymer sequences wherein each array includes a plurality of different, positionally distinct polymer sequences having known monomer sequences. The methods of the invention combine high throughput process steps with high resolution photolithographic techniques in the manufacture of polymer arrays. | 03-05-2009 |
20090062149 | PHOTOACID GENERATORS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF OLIGO-DNA IN A POLYMER MATRIX - Compounds represented by the following structural formulas can be used as photoacid generators: | 03-05-2009 |
20090069198 | Biomolecular Attachment Sites on Microelectronic Arrays and Methods Thereof - Methods of addressing a biomolecule to a selectively addressable electrode are described. A permeation layer overlying a plurality of selectively addressable electrodes is provided. The permeation layer includes a reactive group that is adapted to bond to a biomolecule and that requires activation through a chemical transformation before bonding to the biomolecule. At least one selectively addressable electrode is biased such that a pH change occurs in an overlying solution of the at least one selectively addressable electrode. The reactive group in a portion of the permeation layer above the at least one selectively addressable electrode is then chemically transformed to an activated reactive group as a result of the pH change. A biomolecule is then bound to the permeation layer overlying the at least one selectively addressable electrode through the activated reactive group. | 03-12-2009 |
20090093380 | Method of manufacturing polymer array by coating photosensitizer - Provided is a method of manufacturing a polymer array by photolithography in which a molecule containing a photolabile protecting group is reacted with a surface of a substrate, and then a photosensitizer is coated on the surface of the substrate together with a coating material and the resulting substrate is exposed to light to perform a photochemical reaction. Even by using conventional semiconductor equipment and compounds without separately fabricating light exposure equipment or synthesizing a compound, a polymer array may be effectively manufactured by photolithography with lower exposure energy (shorter period of time). | 04-09-2009 |
20090093381 | Solid phase electrochemical synthesis with controlled product cleavage - Methods for electrochemically synthesizing polymers are provided in which a cleavable linker is coupled to the surface of at least one electrode of an array of electrodes on a substrate and a polymer coupled to the cleavable linker is synthesized through a series of monomer addition cycles. Polymers that are synthesized include nucleic acids and peptides. Cleavable linkers include linkers that can be cleaved under conditions such as reducing, oxidizing, acidic, and or basic conditions. Additionally, provided are devices that comprise an array of individually addressable electrodes having surface-attached cleavable linker molecules. | 04-09-2009 |
20090099045 | METHODS AND DEVICES FOR MOLECULAR ASSOCIATION AND IMAGING - The present invention is directed to devices and methods for molecular association, particularly to devices and methods for hybridization of nucleic acids utilizing temperature gradients and imaging thereof. In one aspect, a molecular hybridization system generally includes a substrate having a plurality of molecular probes attached thereto, the plurality of probes being generally present in multiple copies arranged in localized formations on the surface of the substrate. The molecular hybridization system further generally includes a chamber that encloses the plurality of molecular probes such that a fluid containing sample may be applied and kept in contact with the substrate having the probes thereon. The molecular hybridization system also includes a temperature affecting system that generally produces at least one desired temperature on the surface of the substrate and in the adjacent fluid within the chamber. | 04-16-2009 |
20090111713 | Method for biomolecule immobilization - The present invention relates to a method for biomolecule immobilization, comprising: providing a substrate; forming a surface modification layer of carboxy groups on one surface of the substrate, wherein the process for forming the surface modification layer comprises plasma surface modification; and providing pluralities of biomolecules and bonding the biomolecules with the surface modification layer. Accordingly, the method for biomolecule immobilization of the present invention can reduce manufacturing time and enhance the stability of manufacture. In addition, the method can be employed in a biosensor to efficiently enhance sensitivity of the biosensor. | 04-30-2009 |
20090118142 | METHOD AND AGENT FOR IMMOBILIZING PROTEIN VIA PROTEIN BOUND TO SILICON OXIDE-CONTAINING SUBSTANCE - Disclosed is a method for immobilizing a target protein to the surface of silicon oxide-containing substance such as glass without modifying the surface of silicon oxide-containing substance by using a protein binding strongly to silicon oxide-containing substance. A protein capable binding strongly to silicon oxide-containing substance such as glass has been found, and thus a target protein can be directly bound and immobilized to the surface of silicon oxide-containing substance via the found protein. In addition, a fusion protein of the found protein and a target protein can be bound and immobilized to silicon oxide-containing substance. | 05-07-2009 |
20090197778 | Heated Reaction Chamber For Processing A Biochip And Method For Controlling Said Reaction Chamber - The invention relates to a heated reaction chamber for processing a biochip and to a method for controlling said reaction chamber. The heated reaction chamber for processing a biochip comprises a chamber wall, constituted by a flexible circuit board ( | 08-06-2009 |
20090215652 | Silane Mixtures - Silanation compositions containing a mixture of two or more silanation reagents, where at least one silanation reagent includes a functional group capable of supporting polymer synthesis and at least one silanation reagent includes no functional group capable of supporting polymer synthesis are useful in modulating the active site density and hydrolytic stability of a surface. These compositions are particularly useful in silanating a surface prior to preparation of a polymer array and provide for increased hybridization results. | 08-27-2009 |
20090221450 | METHODS OF MAKING ARRAYS - The invention relates to sensor compositions comprising a composite array of individual arrays, to allow for simultaneous processing of a number of samples. The invention further provides methods of making and using the composite arrays. The invention further provides a hybridization chamber for use with a composite array. | 09-03-2009 |
20090270279 | Materials and Methods for the Photodirected Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Arrays - Materials and Methods for photodirected synthesis of oligonucleotide arrays on a solid substrate by photodirected synthesis are disclosed which employ a film formed from (i) a photoacid generator that on photolysis generates acid that is capable of directly removing the protecting group of the linker molecules or oligonucleotides and (ii) a polymer substantially lacking electronegative heteroatoms that are capable of hydrogen bonding with photogenerated acid. Methods of synthesizing an oligomer arrays are also described that use a film that restricts diffusion of reactants and products on the substrate during synthesis of the array and which includes a precursor of a deprotecting reagent. The method involves removing one or more of the non-required products of the deprotection reaction from the reactive array elements at which they are produced during the reaction, in order to displace the deprotection reaction towards completion. | 10-29-2009 |
20090298717 | MICRO-PARTICLE ARRAY ANALYSIS SYSTEM, MICRO-PARTICLE ARRAY KIT, AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS METHOD - There is provided means for analyzing organism-related molecules, dealing with multi item analysis, that are captured according to probe species, and for collecting according to the probe species. A magnetic micro-particle array is fixed with magnets that are configured with magnetic micro-particles in a capillary and with an array of glass beads to which DNA probes of different types from each other are immobilized. A syringe pump and a cross valve are operated to circulate a sample solution in the magnetic micro-particle array, which is reacted with probe DNAs on a glass bead with a probe. Subsequently, a washing solution is introduced to wash inside of the capillary. Next, respective beads are measured for fluorescence intensities. Furthermore a particular bead is collected based on results of fluorescence measurement. Target molecules captured on a surface of the collected bead may be separated by heat-denaturation, which then may be subjected to next analysis. | 12-03-2009 |
20090305908 | Method and System for Multiplex Genetic Analysis - A method for preferentially localizing desired molecules within an optical confinement disposed upon a substrate is disclosed. The desired molecules are deposited over the surface of the substrate. The desired molecules that are not within the optical confinement are selectively removed from the surface of the substrate. | 12-10-2009 |
20090305909 | Method and System for Multiplex Genetic Analysis - A method for selectively immobilizing a molecule of interest on a substrate is disclosed. A substrate having a first surface component and a second surface component is provided. The first and second surface components have different surface characteristics. The molecule of interest is selectively coupled to the first surface component based upon a difference between the surface characteristics of the first surface component and the surface characteristics of the second surface component. | 12-10-2009 |
20090325821 | In Situ Nucleic Acid Array Synthesis Compositions - In situ nucleic acid synthesis compositions are provided. The compositions include a solvent; and at least one of: a viscosity modifier; and a surface tension modifier. During use, the compositions further include one of a phosphoramidite and an activator. Also provide are methods of using the compositions, e.g., in the synthesis of nucleic acid arrays, and systems kits for practicing the methods. | 12-31-2009 |
20100029513 | Methods And Compositions For Generating Mixtures Of Nucleic Acid Molecules - In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods of making a mixture of nucleic acid molecules, the methods comprising the steps of: synthesizing on a substrate a population of nucleic acid molecules wherein each synthesized nucleic acid molecule comprises a substrate-attached proximal nucleic acid molecule, a distal nucleic acid molecule, and a cleavable linker linking the proximal nucleic acid molecule to the distal nucleic acid molecule, and harvesting distal nucleic acid molecules from the substrate by cleaving the cleavable linker under conditions that do not release the proximal nucleic acid molecule. Related compositions and kits are also provided. | 02-04-2010 |
20100035771 | Molecular microarrays and helical peptides - Methods for fabricating dense arrays of polymeric molecules in a highly multiplexed manner are provided using semiconductor-processing-derived lithographic methods. Advantageously, the methods are adaptable to the synthesis of a variety of polymeric compounds. For example, arrays of branched peptides and polymers joined by peptide bonds may be fabricated in a highly multiplexed manner. Additionally, peptides that adopt helical structures are synthesized on a substrate surface and arrays are created having one or more features containing peptides capable of forming helixes. | 02-11-2010 |
20100048428 | METHODS FOR SCREENING AND ARRAYING MICRORGANISMS SUCH AS VIRUSES USING SUBTRACTIVE CONTACT PRINTING BACKGROUND - Methods for screening and arranging microorganisms such as viruses in an array using subtractive contact printing are provided. In one embodiment, a method for forming an array of receptors for microorganisms comprises: patterning an array of structures on a first substrate to form a template on a surface of the first substrate; applying a receptor material to a face of a second substrate; and contacting the face of the second substrate with the template to remove a portion of the receptor material from the second substrate, thereby forming an array of receptors on the second substrate. | 02-25-2010 |
20100056397 | Method of Producing Microarray Having Immobilized Double-Stranded Nucleic Acid Probe Including Double-Stranded Region and Single-Stranded Region - A method of producing a microarray having an immobilized double-stranded nucleic acid probe including a double-stranded region and a single-stranded region includes immobilizing nucleic acids by synthesizing nucleic acids by using photolithography and hybridizing nucleic acids. A microarray with a high spot density and with immobilized long probes may be prepared. | 03-04-2010 |
20100137165 | MAGNETIC PARTICLE PARALLEL PROCESSING APPARATUS PERMITTING REPEATED USE OF CONTAINER AND METHOD OF MAGNETIC PARTICLE PARALLEL PROCESSING PERMITTING REPEATED USE OF CONTAINER - To provide a magnetic particle parallel processing apparatus permitting repeated use of a container, and a method of magnetic particle parallel processing permitting repeated use of a container, with which the rate of repeated use of a container is enhanced to thereby achieve a saving in the working space and a saving in the working time. The apparatus comprises: at least one reaction container; a liquid disposal tank; a reagent etc. feeder with at least one flow channel for feeding at least one type of liquid selected from the group consisting of two or more types of solutions and a magnetic particle suspension according to the processing content, at a given amount and at a given timing, to the reaction container; and a magnetic separator which has at least one processing nozzle with a distal end insertable into the reaction container and the liquid disposal tank, for sucking and discharging a liquid through the distal end, and which also has a magnetic means capable of applying a magnetic field to the interior of the distal end to thereby attract magnetic particles contained in the liquid inside the distal end to the inner wall thereof to effect separation of the magnetic particles, and canceling the magnetic field to thereby release the attracted magnetic particles and re-suspend the same in a liquid. | 06-03-2010 |
20100179075 | PARTICLES FOR USE IN SUPPORTED NUCLEIC ACID LIGATION AND DETECTION SEQUENCING - Compositions and methods to modify the surface of particles to which biomolecules are attached are disclosed. The particles can include beads and nanoparticles which are composed of metallics, metal alloys, glass, polymers and derivatives and composites thereof. The surface of the particles are modified to be hydrophilic for ease in the attachment of biomolecules to the particle surface and immobilization of the particles to a substrate to facilitate process such as nucleic acid sequencing, PCR and sequencing by ligation. | 07-15-2010 |
20100227780 | Methods for the synthesis of arrays of DNA probes - The synthesis of arrays of DNA probes sequences, polypeptides, and the like is carried out using a patterning process on an active surface of a substrate. An image is projected onto the active surface of the substrate utilizing reflective projection optics. The projection optics project a light image onto the active surface of the substrate to deprotect linker molecules thereon. A first level of bases may then be applied to the substrate, followed by development steps, and subsequent exposure of the substrate utilizing a different light image, with further repeats until the elements of a two dimensional array on the substrate surface have an appropriate base bound thereto. | 09-09-2010 |
20100240555 | Method for high throughput, high volume manufacturing of biomolecule micro arrays - The embodiments of the invention relate to a system and method for making a biomolecule microarray comprising a spacer attachment module adapted to attach a linker to a substrate surface of the biomolecule microarray, a coupling module adapted to couple a molecule to the linker, the molecule being capable of forming a peptide bond and containing a protecting group that prevents the formation of the peptide bond, and a deprotection module adapted to create deprotection of the protecting group with a radiation exposure of about 1-50 mJ/cm | 09-23-2010 |
20100248994 | Tip overlay for continuous flow spotting apparatus - The present disclosure provides apparatuses, systems, and methods involving a spotter apparatus for depositing a substance from a carrier fluid onto a deposition surface in an ordered array, the spotter apparatus comprising a loading surface including a first well and a second well; and a different outlet surface, including a first opening and a second opening, where a first microconduit fluidly couples the first well with the first opening and a second microconduit fluidly couples the second well with the second opening. An overlay is sealed to the outlet surface and penetrated by a deposition channel that is situated to communicate carrier fluid among the first opening, the second opening, and the deposition surface when the overlay is pressed against the deposition surface. | 09-30-2010 |
20100279900 | SOLID SUPPORT COMPRISING A FUNCTIONALIZED ELECTRICITY CONDUCTOR OR SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACE, METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME AND USES THEREOF - The present invention provides a method for encapsulating biocompatible polymers. The method comprises using a solid support comprising at least one electrically conducting and/or semiconducting region containing a reducible oxide on its surface, wherein at least one zone of this surface is functionalized with an electrografted organic film obtained from electroactive organic precursors each comprising at least one functional group of interest, and wherein the number of functional groups of interest accessible for the formation of a covalent, ionic or hydrogen bond with a complementary group within said film represents at least 90% of the total number of functional organic groups of interest, and wherein the density of the accessible functional groups of interest is between 10 | 11-04-2010 |
20100285997 | PROBE MEDIUM - A probe medium for being placed on a substrate comprising a probe which can specifically bond to a target substance, and a substance having a site which can bond to the probe and a substance having a site which can bond to a substrate surface. A process for manufacturing a substrate an immobilized probe comprising the steps of providing a substrate, and providing the substrate with a probe medium comprising a probe which can specifically bond to a target substance and a substance having a site which can bond to the probe and a substance having a site which can bond to a substrate surface. Probe medium comprises a probe which can specifically bond to a target substance, a water-soluble polymer material, and a high boiling solvent. A process for immobilizing a probe comprising the steps of providing a substrate, and providing the substrate with probe medium comprising the probe which can specifically bond to a target substance, a water-soluble polymer material and a high boiling solvent. | 11-11-2010 |
20100298171 | APPARATUS FOR POLYMER SYNTHESIS - Novel processes are disclosed for the large scale preparation of arrays of polymer sequences wherein each array includes a plurality of different, positionally distinct polymer sequences having known monomer sequences. In one embodiment, two substrates are processed simultaneously in a reaction chamber, wherein the substrates are facing each other and in contact with a monomer solution. In a further embodiment, multiple rotating flow cells are used in combination with a photolysis equipment to synthesize wafers. | 11-25-2010 |
20100305006 | Parallel Preparation of High Fidelity Probes in an Array Format - The present invention provides massively parallel oligonucleotide synthesis and purification for applications that utilize large collections of defined high-fidelity oligonucleotides (e.g., from about 10 | 12-02-2010 |
20100331217 | SUBSTRATE PREPARATION PROCESS - The present invention provides novel processes for the large scale preparation of arrays of polymer sequences wherein each array includes a plurality of different, positionally distinct polymer sequences having known monomer sequences. The methods of the invention combine high throughput process steps with high resolution photolithographic techniques in the manufacture of polymer arrays. | 12-30-2010 |
20100331218 | PHOTOACID GENERATORS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF OLIGO-DNA IN A POLYMER MATRIX - Compounds represented by the following structural formulas can be used as photoacid generators: | 12-30-2010 |
20110003716 | ANTIREFLECTIVE COATINGS FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION PHOTOLITHOGRAPHIC SYNTHESIS OF DNA ARRAY - The present invention provides an array of polymers and methods of forming arrays of polymers by providing a substrate having a first layer including one or more dielectric coatings on a solid support and a second layer including a plurality of polymers disposed on the first layer. The invention also provides methods for forming an array of polymers on a substrate using light-directed synthesis by providing a substrate having a first layer including one or more dielectric coatings on a solid support, derivatizing the first layer by contacting the first layer with a silanation reagent, and a second layer disposed on said first layer wherein the second layer includes functional groups protected with a photolabile protecting group. | 01-06-2011 |
20110015098 | USE OF ACID SCAVENGERS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF STANDARD LENGTH AND LONG-MER POLYMER ARRAYS - Protective groups which may be cleaved with an activatable deprotecting reagents are employed to achieve a highly sensitive, high resolution, combinatorial synthesis of pattern arrays of diverse polymers. In preferred embodiments of the instant invention, the activatable deprotecting reagent is a photoacid generator and the protective groups are DMT for nucleic acids and tBOC for amino acids. This invention has a wide variety of applications and is particularly useful for the solid phase combinatorial synthesis of polymers. | 01-20-2011 |
20110028351 | Methods and Devices for Immobilization of Single Particles - Disclosed herein are methods of immobilizing a particle which comprise focusing the flow of a sample fluid containing the particle into a virtual channel which flows towards an unoccupied hydrodynamic trap in a microfluidic channel such that the particle flows into the hydrodynamic trap and becomes immobilized therein. Also disclosed are microfluidic devices which comprise at least one microchannel having at least one hydrodynamic trap, at least one focusing fluid inlet, said focusing fluid inlet is upstream of the hydrodynamic trap such that a focusing fluid introduced therein results in a virtual channel of a sample fluid when present which preferentially flows toward the hydrodynamic trap. | 02-03-2011 |
20110028352 | HYBRIDIZATION DEVICE, METHODS, AND SYSTEM USING MIXING BEADS - A method, device and system for hybridizing a target oligonucleotide to at least one array comprising a plurality of mixing beads are provided. A target solution is mixed by agitating the mixing beads while the target oligonucleotides are hybridizing to the complementary probes on the array. In another embodiment, a permeable barrier contains the mixing beads, thereby preventing them from contacting the array surface. | 02-03-2011 |
20110039736 | METHOD OF IMMOBILIZING BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCE - An object of the present invention is to provide a method of immobilizing the biologically active substance which has an excellent capability of immobilizing a target biologically active substance, and exhibits low nonspecific adsorption of the biologically active substance to provide a high S/N ratio, without using a functional group for fixing the biologically active substance and without having a process of inactivating the functional group for fixing the biologically active substance after immobilizing the biologically active substance. The above object is achieved by a method of immobilizing a biologically active substance comprising the step of: bringing a solution into contact with a compound-side surface of an immobilizing substrate to immobilize the biologically active substance on a surface of the immobilizing substrate, the solution being prepared by dissolving the biologically active substance in a phosphate buffer having a phosphate concentration of 0.1 M or more, and the immobilizing substrate comprising a substrate and a compound containing a hydrophilic group inhibiting nonspecific adsorption on a surface of the substrate. | 02-17-2011 |
20110046019 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMMOBILIZING TARGET MATERIAL ON SUBSTRATE - A method for immobilizing a target material on a substrate includes applying a voltage across a first solution including the target material in contact with a surface of a film including a pore disposed therein, a second solution in contact with an opposite surface of the film, and a substrate disposed facing the opposite surface of the film, moving the target material from the first solution, through the pore of the film into the second solution, and immobilizing the target material on the substrate. | 02-24-2011 |
20110086781 | METHOD FOR FORMING COMPOSITES OF SUB-ARRAYS OF FULLERENE NANOTUBES - The formation of arrays of fullerene nanotubes is described. A microscopic molecular array of fullerene nanotubes is formed by assembling subarrays of up to 10 | 04-14-2011 |
20110098201 | Arrays of microparticles and methods of preparation thereof - This invention provides high unit density arrays of microparticles and methods of assembling such arrays. The microparticles in the arrays may be functionalized with chemical or biological entities specific to a given target analyte. The high unit density arrays of this invention are formed on chips which may be combined to form multichip arrays according to the methods described herein. The chips and/or multichip arrays of this invention are useful for chemical and biological assays. | 04-28-2011 |
20110105366 | MICROFABRICATION METHODS FOR THE OPTIMAL PATTERNING OF SUBSTRATES - The invention is directed to a method of fabricating a microarray. The method includes: (a) providing a substrate having at least two layers of different chemical reactivity, wherein a well in an outer layer exposes an inner layer; (b) contacting the substrate with a first reagent specifically reactive with the outer layer to produce a first modified layer; (c) contacting the substrate with a second reagent specifically reactive with the inner layer of the substrate to produce a modified inner layer, wherein the modified inner layer has a higher affinity for a biopolymer than the modified outer layer, and (d) depositing the biopolymer onto the modified inner layer within the well, wherein the higher affinity of the modified inner layer facilitates localization of the biopolymer onto the well. Methods of fabricating a microarray which include polishing a substrate or functionalizing a plurality of features with a reactive reagent also are provided. A method of fabricating a microarray which includes loading a plurality of discrete nanochannels is additionally provided. | 05-05-2011 |
20110118150 | METHOD FOR MAKING BIOCHIPS - A method for immobilizing biological polymers such as DNA or proteins, on a solid support, by ionocovalent bond, for making biochips, and the resulting chips obtained by the method. Also, a kit for the preparation of the chips. | 05-19-2011 |
20110143967 | SURFACE MODIFICATIONS AND METHODS FOR THEIR SYNTHESIS AND USE - Novel processes are disclosed for forming an array of polymers by functionalizing the surface of particles by methods that include covalently attaching a functionalized silicon compound. Substrates such as microparticles having functionalized silicon compounds attached thereto are produced by introducing at least one carboxyl group directly by silanating a carboxylated silane compound to the surface of a microparticle. In a further aspect of the invention, the silane compound is a dipodal carboxylated silane. | 06-16-2011 |
20110177978 | Apparatus and Method for Forming Self-Assembly Arrays - Apparatus and methods for forming self-assembly arrays of substances, such as nanoparticles, on a substrate are disclosed. The apparatus may include a substrate supporting a liquid composition including the substance and a solvent, and a removable micro-mold placed over the substrate and the liquid composition. To form the self assembly arrays of the substance, the solvent may be evaporated through at least one evaporation channel formed between the micro-mold and the substrate. The evaporation channel may be adjustable by subjecting the micro-mold to a positive pressure. | 07-21-2011 |
20110201528 | Methods Of Forming An Oligomer Array - The present invention provides compositions for forming an oligomer array and methods for using the same. Such a composition may include an acid stable polymer, a photoacid generator and an organic solvent and may allow for the selective attachment of oligormers at one or more desired positions on a substrate using long wavelength light. | 08-18-2011 |
20110245110 | Photoacid generators for the synthesis of oligo-DNA in a polymer matrix - Compounds represented by the following structural formulas can be used as photoacid generators: | 10-06-2011 |
20110257046 | Emulsion PCR And Amplicon Capture - Compositions and methods of use are disclosed for clonally amplifying target polynucleotide sequences in solution and attaching the amplicons to a surface by activation of a masked binding moiety. | 10-20-2011 |
20110257047 | Methods for Labeling a Substrate Using a Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction - Methods for labeling a substrate using a hetero-Diels-Alder reaction are disclosed. The hetero-Diels-Alder reaction includes the reaction of an o-quinone methide (e.g., an o-naphthoquinone methide) with a polarized olefin to form a hetero-Diels-Alder adduct. The o-quinone methide or the polarized olefin can be attached to a surface of a substrate, and the other of the o-quinone methide or the polarized olefin can include a detectable label. The o-quinone methide can conveniently be generated by irradiation of a precursor compound, preferably in an aqueous solution, suspension, or dispersion. | 10-20-2011 |
20120035083 | Antireflective Coatings for High-Resolution Photolithographic Synthesis of DNA Array - The present invention provides an array of polymers and methods of forming arrays of polymers by providing a substrate having a first layer including one or more dielectric coatings on a solid support and a second layer including a plurality of polymers disposed on the first layer. The invention also provides methods for forming an array of polymers on a substrate using light-directed synthesis by providing a substrate having a first layer including one or more dielectric coatings on a solid support, derivatizing the first layer by contacting the first layer with a silanation reagent, and a second layer disposed on said first layer wherein the second layer includes functional groups protected with a photolabile protecting group. | 02-09-2012 |
20120040872 | PREPARING CARBOHYDRATE MICROARRAYS AND CONJUGATED NANOPARTICLES - The present invention is directed to carbohydrate microarray and conjugated nanoparticles methods of making the same. | 02-16-2012 |
20120184467 | Parallel Preparation of High Fidelity Probes in an Array Format - The present invention provides massively parallel oligonucleotide synthesis and purification for applications that utilize large collections of defined high-fidelity oligonucleotides (e.g., from about 10 | 07-19-2012 |
20120196774 | SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR ULTRA-SENSITIVE DETECTION OF MOLECULES OR PARTICLES - Described are systems, devices, and methods which related to various aspects of assays for detecting and/or determining a measure of the concentration of analyte molecules or particles in a sample fluid. In some cases, the systems employ an assay consumable comprising a plurality of assay sites. The systems, devices, and/or methods, in some cases, are automated. In some cases, the systems, devices, and/or methods relate to inserting a plurality of beads into assay sites, sealing assay sites, imaging assay sites, or the like. | 08-02-2012 |
20120258891 | DIARYLSULFIDE BACKBONE CONTAINING PHOTOLABILE PROTECTING GROUPS - The present disclosure relates to photoactivable protecting groups containing a diarylsulfide chromophore, a method for the synthesis thereof and their use as photoactivable protecting groups using maskless photolithography based array synthesis. | 10-11-2012 |
20120258892 | Methods, Compositions, and Kits for Making Targeted Nucleic Acid Libraries - The present invention provides a method and a kit for selecting and enriching target sequences specific for a genomic region of interest or a subset of a transcriptome using a target-capturing sequence library. The target-capturing sequence library comprises random DNA fragments generated from a target sequence template encompassing all the target sequences. The present invention provides an efficient and cost-effective method of target selection for targeted genome resequencing. | 10-11-2012 |
20120270756 | FORMATION OF IMMOBILIZED BIOLOGICAL LAYERS FOR SENSING - The invention is directed to enzyme immobilization compositions comprising: one or more enzymes, a humectant, an acrylic-based monomer, a water-soluble organic photo-initiator and a water-soluble acrylic-based cross-linker in a substantially homogeneous aqueous mixture. The invention is also directed to methods for forming sensors comprising such compositions and to apparati for forming arrays of immobilized layers on an array of sensors by dispensing such compositions onto a substrate. | 10-25-2012 |
20130123146 | METHOD OF MAKING A MICROBEAD ARRAY WITH ATTACHED BIOMOLECULES - A method and apparatus for the manipulation of colloidal particulates and biomolecules at the interface between an insulating electrode such as silicon oxide and an electrolyte solution. Light-controlled electrokinetic assembly of particles near surfaces relies on the combination of three functional elements: the AC electric field-induced assembly of planar aggregates; the patterning of the electrolyte/silicon oxide/silicon interface to exert spatial control over the assembly process; and the real-time control of the assembly process via external illumination. The present invention provides a set of fundamental operations enabling interactive control over the creation and placement of planar arrays of several types of particles and biomolecules and the manipulation of array shape and size. The present invention enables sample preparation and handling for diagnostic assays and biochemical analysis in an array format, and the functional integration of these operations. In addition, the present invention provides a procedure for the creation of material surfaces with desired properties and for the fabrication of surface-mounted optical components. | 05-16-2013 |
20130165350 | SURFACE LINKERS FOR ARRAY SYNTHESIS - The present invention provide several methods of derivatizing a surface of a support with one or more linkers thus providing a suitable platform for synthesis of a polymer array, particular a nucleic acid array. Some methods derivatize a surface with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of a linker. The SAM confers advantages of hydrolytic stability, broad compatibility with synthesis and detection chemistries, and reduced emergence of latent functional groups during polymer array synthesis. Substrates can also be derivatized with multi-layers of SAMs providing greater hydrolytic stability. Substrates can also be derivatized by synthesizing a linker in situ on the substrate by atom transfer radical polymerization of functional and functional monomers. Appropriate selection of monomers reduces emergence of latent functional groups in subsequent array synthesis. | 06-27-2013 |
20130338044 | BIOCONJUGATION USING BIFUNCTIONAL LINKERS - A bifunctional linker and method of use is provided that has a spacer molecule with a functional group on one end configured to couple to the surface of a substrate and a function group on the other end that is configured couple to a biomolecule and methods of use. The preferred bifunctional linker has a poly(ethylene glycol) spacer ranging from 3 to 20 ethylene glycol units that has a silane functional group to react with a substrate and an azide functional group that can couple to a biomolecule that includes an alkyne group. The preferred linker can produce an azide-derivatized glass surface in one step and the azide functional group of the spacer can in sequence conjugate with a biomolecule using click chemistry, which can be conducted at low temperature and in aqueous solution. | 12-19-2013 |
20140051605 | DIARYLSULFIDE BACKBONE CONTAINING PHOTOLABILE PROTECTING GROUPS - The present disclosure relates to photoactivable protecting groups containing a diarylsulfide chromophore, a method for the synthesis thereof and their use as photoactivable protecting groups using maskless photolithography based array synthesis. | 02-20-2014 |
20140066337 | ARRAY PRINTING - The invention provides a method of printing, onto a substrate ( | 03-06-2014 |
20140080740 | Method for Label-Free Multiple Analyte Sensing, Biosensing and Diagnostic Assay - Methods and systems for label-free multiple analyte sensing, biosensing and diagnostic assay chips consisting of an array of photonic crystal microcavities along a single photonic crystal waveguide are disclosed. The invention comprises an on-chip integrated microarray device that enables detection and identification of multiple species to be performed simultaneously using optical techniques leading to a high throughput device for chemical sensing, biosensing and medical diagnostics. Other embodiments are described and claimed. | 03-20-2014 |
20140100140 | METHODS OF LOCALIZING NUCLEIC ACIDS TO ARRAYS - Methods are disclosed relating to localizing nucleic acids to arrays such as silane-free arrays, and of sequencing the nucleic acids localized thereby. | 04-10-2014 |
20140171342 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DEPOSITING A SUBSTANCE ON A SUBMERGED SURFACE - The present disclosure provides apparatuses, systems, and methods involving a spotter for depositing a substance on a submerged surface. The spotter comprises an outlet cavity defined at least in part by a spotting orifice, a first opening, and a second opening. The spotter also comprises a first conduit fluidly coupled to the first opening and a second conduit fluidly coupled to the second opening. The spotter is adapted so that fluid flowing through the first conduit and the second conduit is communicated among the first opening, the second opening, and a submerged deposition surface when the sealing orifice is sealed against the submerged deposition surface to form a deposition spot on the submerged deposition surface. The submerged deposition surface is within a liquid such that the liquid covers the deposition spot upon removal of the orifice from the deposition surface. | 06-19-2014 |
20140235510 | MICROFLUIDIC INTERFACE FOR HIGHLY PARALLEL ADDRESSING OF SENSING ARRAYS - Disclosed is a spotter device and methods for the formation of microassays, biochips, biosensors, and cell cultures. The spotter may be used to deposit highly concentrated spots of protein or other materials on a microarray slide, wafer, or other surface. It may also be used to perform various chemistry steps on the same spots. The spotter increases the surface density of substances at each spot by directing a flow the desired substance (or a solution thereof) over the spot area until surface saturation is accomplished. The spotter may be loaded by well plate handling equipment. The spotter uses wells, microfluidic conduits, and orifices to deposit proteins, other biomolecules, or chemicals on a spot on, a separate surface. Each orifice is connected to two wells via microconduits. When the spotter contacts a surface, a seal is formed between the orifices and the surface. The same or different substances may be flowed across each orifice. Any number of orifices may be incorporated into a spotter. The spotter is particularly useful for depositing proteins in high concentrations on a surface, since the spotter may be placed on a surface for an extended period of time. | 08-21-2014 |
20140249056 | BILAYERS - A method for producing a bilayer, the method comprising: (a) providing a hydrated support and a hydrophilic body immersed in a hydrophobic medium; wherein a first monolayer of amphipathic molecules is formed on an interface between the hydrophobic medium and the hydrophilic body and a second monolayer of amphipathic molecules is formed on an interface between the hydrophobic medium and the hydrated support; and (b) bringing the first monolayer into contact with the second monolayer to form a bilayer of amphipathic molecules, wherein at least part of a cell membrane, comprising cell membrane constituents, is provided in or on the hydrated support and/or in the hydrophilic body, and such that constituents of the cell membrane incorporate into the bilayer during or after the bilayer formation. A bilayer produced by the method of the invention, and uses of the bilayer. | 09-04-2014 |
20140287963 | Capsule Array Devices and Methods of Use - This disclosure provides microwell capsule array devices. The microwell capsule array devices are generally capable of performing one or more sample preparation operations. Such sample preparation operations may be used as a prelude to one more or more analysis operations. For example, a device of this disclosure can achieve physical partitioning and discrete mixing of samples with unique molecular identifiers within a single unit in preparation for various analysis operations. The device may be useful in a variety of applications and most notably nucleic-acid-based sequencing, detection and quantification of gene expression and single-cell analysis. | 09-25-2014 |
20140329723 | PATTERNED FLOW-CELLS USEFUL FOR NUCLEIC ACID ANALYSIS - Provided is a surface having metal regions and an interstitial region having a composition that differs from the metal regions, wherein a continuous gel layer coats the surface across the metal regions and the interstitial regions. Nucleic acids or other analytes can be attached to the continuous gel layer such that a greater amount is attached over the metal regions than over the interstitial region. Also provided are methods for making such surfaces. Methods are also provided for making an array of nucleic acids or other analytes using such surfaces. | 11-06-2014 |
20140342949 | Tube-in-a-Tube Electronic Sensors - The present invention is directed to tube-in-a-tube electronic materials and electronic chemical sensors comprising tube-in-a-tube configurations such as covalently functionalized double-walled carbon nanotubes. | 11-20-2014 |
20140349891 | Preparation of Templates for Nucleic Acid Sequencing - The invention relates to methods of generating templates for a nucleic acid sequencing reaction which comprise:
| 11-27-2014 |
20150011436 | Coating Process for Microfluidic Sample Arrays - A differentially coated device for conducting a plurality of nano-volume specified reactions, the device comprising a platen having at least one exterior surface modified to a specified physicochemical property, a plurality of nano-volume channels, each nano-volume channel having at least one interior surface in communication with the at least one exterior surface that is selectively coated with an optionally dissolvable coating agent physisorbed to at least one interior surface, wherein the optionally dissolvable coating agent comprises a coating agent and a first component for the plurality of specified reactions. Methods for preparing and using such devices are also provided, as well as a method of registering a location of a dispenser array in relation to a microfluidic array. A first one of the dispenser array and the microfluidic array is movable in relation to the frame, and the other of the first one of the dispenser array and the microfluidic array is fixed relative to the frame. Quantities related to a vector displacement from the alignment position to a fixed position on the one of the dispenser array and the microfluidic array is determined. The quantities thus determined are used to guide positioning of the dispenser array relative to the microfluidic array. | 01-08-2015 |
20150024974 | MULTIANALYTE MOLECULAR ANALYSIS USING APPLICATION-SPECIFIC RANDOM PARTICLE ARRAYS - The present invention provides a method for the generation of novel libraries of encoded magnetic particles from sub-libraries of by the generation of novel sub-libraries of magnetic nanoparticles and encoded particles. The sub-libraries are functionalized on demand are useful in the formation of arrays. The present invention is especially useful for performing multiplexed (parallel) assays for qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of binding interations of a number of analyte molecules in a sample. | 01-22-2015 |
20150087558 | Microfluidic Assay Systems Employing Micro-Particles and Methods of Manufacture - A method of making an assay device comprising providing micro-elements in the form of micro-particles or micro-length tube detection elements and thereafter with an automated tool, picking and placing the micro-elements into open-sided microfluidic channels in a body. | 03-26-2015 |
20150119295 | METHODS OF LOCALIZING NUCLEIC ACIDS TO ARRAYS - Methods are disclosed relating to generating a silene-free slide comprising the steps of providing a plastic substrate; providing a solution of acrylamide comprising N-(5-bromoacetamidylpentyl) acrylamide (BRAPA); contacting the acrylamide/BRAPA solution with a polymerizing agent; contacting the acrylamide/BRAPA solution with an oxidizing agent; and contacting the acrylamide/BRAPA/polymerizing agent/oxidizing agent to the plastic substrate. | 04-30-2015 |
20150141296 | METHODS FOR PERFORMING PATTERNED CHEMISTRY - Provided are methods for performing patterned chemistry and arrays prepared thereby. | 05-21-2015 |
20150141297 | Methods and Compositions for Phototransfer - Methods are described for phototransferring a compound from a first surface to a second surface. Compounds are described with photocleavable linkers. Compounds attached to a first surface through a photocleavable linker are put in proximity (or contact) with a second surface, and then phototransferred to the second surface upon exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Illuminating the compound with radiation photocleaves the compound from the first surface and transfers the compound to the second surface. | 05-21-2015 |
20150141298 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PROBE-IMMOBILIZED CARRIER - A probe-immobilized carrier for detecting a target substance is manufactured such that a spot is prevented from being contaminated with another spot and a probe is prevented from nonspecifically adsorbing a background area in the manufacture of the probe-immobilized carrier and nonspecific adsorption cannot be occurred even after the formation of an array. A substrate containing a reactive group for immobilizing a probe thereon is used and the steps of: (i) supplying a liquid droplet containing a probe on the substrate; (ii) inactivating a reactive group existing in an area other than a supplying area of the substrate, and (iii) removing an unreacted probe existing in the supplied liquid droplet are carried out. | 05-21-2015 |
20150352511 | SUBSTRATE FOR BIOCHIPS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME - A substrate for biochips, in which carboxyl groups are immobilized on a substrate whose surface at least is composed of carbon; and a method for producing the substrate are disclosed. The substrate for biochips comprises a substrate whose surface at least is composed of carbon; and an acrylic polymer having free carboxyl groups in the molecular structure thereof, which acrylic polymer is immobilized on the surface of the substrate. The method for producing the substrate comprises irradiating the substrate whose surface at least is composed of carbon with ultraviolet light during the acrylic polymer having free carboxyl groups in the molecular structure thereof contacts the substrate. | 12-10-2015 |
20160082406 | METHOD FOR COMBINATORIAL PARTICLE MANIPULATION FOR PRODUCING HIGH-DENSITY MOLECULE ARRAYS, IN PARTICULAR PEPTIDE ARRAYS, AND MOLECULE ARRAYS THAT CAN BE OBTAINED BY MEANS THEREOF - The present invention relates to a method for combinatorial particle manipulation for producing high-density molecule arrays, and to the high-density molecule arrays obtained therefrom. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for producing high-density molecule arrays, in particular peptide or oligonucleotide arrays, by combinatorial patterning of particles, wherein the patterning is achieved by the selective and direct action of electromagnetic radiation. | 03-24-2016 |
20160102341 | BIOMOLECULE ISOLATION AND THERMAL PROCESSING - Methods, devices and systems for hand-tag sample liquids, encapsulating liquids and magnetic particles are disclosed. | 04-14-2016 |
20160121292 | POROUS SURFACE FOR BIOMEDICAL DEVICES - Embodiments described herein generally relate to biomedical devices including a porous layer forming a support structure for a biological probe and methods of making the same. The porous layer can be a porous silicon containing layer. The pore size can be adjusted such that various size biological probes can be incorporated into the pores. Further, the porous silicon containing layer can be used to support a biofunctionalizing layer. | 05-05-2016 |
20160184788 | A Method of Selectively Masking One or More Sites on a Surface and a Method of Synthesising an Array of Molecules - A method of creating a mask on a surface of a substrate is disclosed. The substrate comprises a plurality of spaced heating elements on or proximal to the surface. The method comprises applying a layer of masking material to the surface and employing the heating elements to apply energy to a phase change in the masking material at the selected sites such that it adheres to the surface or can be displaced from the surface to mask or unmask the selected sites respectively. A method of synthesising an array of molecules, an apparatus for selectively masking one or more sites on a surface and a semi-conductor chip that uses micro-heaters to modulate a masking layer on areas of the chip surface. | 06-30-2016 |