Entries |
Document | Title | Date |
20080212668 | Data Transmission Method, Transmitter and Receiver Therefor - A method for serial data transmission from a transmitter to a receiver has the following steps:
| 09-04-2008 |
20080212669 | PULSE GENERATOR, COMMUNICATION DEVICE, AND PULSE GENERATION METHOD - A pulse generator which, by generating a carrier wave having a certain frequency over a predetermined unit duration time, generates a modulated pulse signal, having a pulse width regulated by the unit duration time, which bears information contained in a baseband signal, includes: a pulse width adjustment section which adjusts the pulse width by adjusting the unit duration time of the modulated pulse signal in accordance with a supplied pulse width control signal. | 09-04-2008 |
20080225938 | DIGITAL PULSE FREQUENCY/PULSE AMPLITUDE (DPFM/DPAM) CONTROLLER FOR LOW-POWER SWITCHING-POWER SUPPLIES - A digital controller for dc-dc switching converters can operate under light load conditions. The controller can be suitable for the use in switch-mode power supplies providing regulated output voltage for handheld devices and other low-power electronics. To create long time intervals, compared to the propagation time of digital logic a DPFM/DPAM can use a ring oscillator with two sets of delay cells and two signals racing around the ring. | 09-18-2008 |
20080260018 | SUPPRESSION OF HIGH-FREQUENCY PERTURBATIONS IN PULSE-WIDTH MODULATION - A method suppresses high-frequency perturbations in a pulse-width modulated signal. The pulse-width modulation may superpose a carrier signal onto an input signal having a predetermined modulation frequency. The carrier signals may be phase-shifted. The resulting modulated signals may then be filtered and combined. | 10-23-2008 |
20080273587 | Sensor, More Specifically a Position Sensor, for a Vehicle With Several On-Board Measuring Systems Working Independently From One Another - The invention presented herein describes a sensor, more specifically a position sensor for a vehicle, featuring several measuring systems that work independently of one another, where each of the measuring systems generates a pulse width-modulated signal becoming available at an output of the sensor one by one, where each of the sensor values is coded according to the duty factor of a pulse compared with the period of the signals, and where the sensor has means of synchronizing the sensor with a receiving station, wherein the means of synchronization is used to modify the amplitude and/or the period of one or several pulses. | 11-06-2008 |
20080298454 | Pulse Width Modulator Using Interpolator - A modulator using a polynomial interpolator is described herein. In a simple circuit implementation of the modulator, coefficients of a representative polynomial are generated with interpolation filters in the polynomial interpolator. Crossing points may be identified for each sampling period by incorporating a virtual carrier waveform with the representative polynomial to generate a switching output control. Among other applications, the described modulator may be used in a Class-D amplifier. The described implementations may further confer benefits such as micro-power low voltage operation, low sampling rate, and low harmonic distortion. | 12-04-2008 |
20080298455 | CLOCK GENERATOR INCLUDING A RING OSCILLATOR WITH PRECISE FREQUENCY CONTROL - A clock generator for providing a desired system clock signal in accordance with an embodiment of the present application includes a ring oscillator operable to provide an oscillator output signal having a first frequency, a divider operable to divide the oscillator output signal by a predetermined divisor and to output the divided signal as the desired system clock signal, a reference device operable to provide a reference signal with a known second frequency and a ratio device operable to provide a ratio value indicative of a relationship between the oscillator output signal and the reference signal, wherein the predetermined divisor of the divider is determined based on the ratio value such that the desired system clock signal has a desired frequency. | 12-04-2008 |
20080298456 | Hybrid Digital Digital/Analog Fm Multiplexer Transmitter - An audio circuit digitizes raw analog input and uses a digital signal processor (DSP) to filter, modulate, and mix the input to produce a multiplex composite signal. The multiplex composite signal is output from the DSP through a digital/analog converter (DAC), and modulates a conventional FM RF stage. In a first preferred, hydrid embodiment, the composite signal is output from the DSP through a digital/analog converter (DAC), and modulates a conventional FM RF stage. In a second preferred, fully digital embodiment, carrier modulation takes place in the DSP, and FM modulated RF is output via a fast DAC for final filtering and radiation. | 12-04-2008 |
20090003428 | Method and apparatus for treating a signal - A method includes: delaying an excursion of at least one signal a first number of clock phases when the excursion departs from a value in a first direction; and delaying the excursion of the at least one signal a second number of the clock phases when the excursion departs toward the value in a second direction. The first number of clock phases is different from the second number of clock phases. The at least one signal effects a plurality of succeeding excursions in substantial synchrony with a clocked signal presenting succeeding clock cycles having a plurality of the clock phases in each respective clock cycle. | 01-01-2009 |
20090016424 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DIGITAL CONTROL UTILIZING OVERSAMPLING - Methods and systems for digital control utilizing oversampling. | 01-15-2009 |
20090028235 | Frequency modulation device and switching mode power supply using the same - The present invention relates to a frequency modulation device and a switching mode power supply using the frequency modulation device. To prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI), it is required to slightly vary a switching operation frequency in an SMPS operation. In some embodiments, at least one first signal having a predetermined cycle is generated, a second signal corresponding to a level of a first signal is generated at a turn-off time of a switch, a first reference voltage having at least two different levels is generated according to the second signal, and an oscillator signal for increasing along a first slope during a first period and decreasing along a second slope during a second period between the first reference voltage and a second reference voltage having a level that is different from the first reference voltage is generated. | 01-29-2009 |
20090034603 | SUBRANGING FOR A PULSE POSITION AND PULSE WIDTH MODULATION BASED TRANSMITTER - Briefly, in accordance with one or more embodiments, in a pulse position and pulse position modulation out-phasing transmitter, the range of the phase angle, theta, may be divided into more than one range to drive a first power amplifier with a first range of theta, and to drive a second power amplifier with a second range of theta. In one or more embodiments, a main power amplifier is driven with a first phase range having a higher probability density function, and an overload power amplifier is driven with a first phase range having a lower probability density function. In one or more embodiments, a full adder may be used to combine the two phases wherein the sum signal is used to drive the main power amplifier, and the carry signal is used to drive the overload power amplifier. | 02-05-2009 |
20090041108 | CASCADED PHASE PULSE POSITION AND PULSE WIDTH MODULATION BASED DIGITAL TRANSMITTER - Briefly, in accordance with one or more embodiments, a digital transmitter may comprise two or more phase modulators in a cascaded arrangement. The phase modulators may modulate a local oscillator signal using control signals derived from the quadrature baseband data to be transmitted. A closed loop power control feedback arrangement may be used to compare the output power of the transmitter with a desired output signal, and make corrections to the output signal by modifying at least one of the control signals provided to the cascaded phase modulators. | 02-12-2009 |
20090046773 | SYSTEM INCLUDING REPLY SIGNAL THAT AT LEAST PARTIALLY OVERLAPS REQUEST - A system including a receiver and a transmitter. The receiver is configured to transmit a request. The transmitter is configured to transmit a reply signal that at least partially overlaps the request. | 02-19-2009 |
20090067487 | INCREASING PWM RESOLUTION BY MODULATION - A method for generating a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal includes determining a PWM period and/or a pulse width of the pulse width modulated signal by counting the number of clock cycles of a reference clock signal and by switching the pulse width modulated signal when a predetermined number of clock cycles is reached. The reference clock signal comprises clock cycles of at least a first clock period and a second clock period. The first clock period and the second clock period differ by an amount of time, which is substantially smaller than both half of the first clock period and half of the second clock period. | 03-12-2009 |
20090129460 | Pulse Transmission Method, Pulse Transmission System, Transmitter, and Receiver - A pulse transmission method for transmitting data by using pulse signals, each having a predetermined pulse width; defining a symbol time at least N times the predetermined pulse width, N being at least 2; defining a basic delay time calculated by dividing the predetermined pulse width by a predetermined integer; placing the pulse signals in the symbol time by delaying the pulse signals by an integral multiple of the basic delay time from start of the symbol time, the number of the pulse signals being k and 0≦k≦N being satisfied; and transmitting the pulse signals. | 05-21-2009 |
20090135897 | SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE - An electronic device ( | 05-28-2009 |
20090141789 | Flow Controlled Pulsed Serial Link - Apparatus for transmitting a clock and data from a first module to a second module connected by a single outward line and a single return line, comprising: means for transmitting a data pulse on the single outward line comprising means for asserting a first edge on said single outward line, said first edge representing a timing edge for the clock and means for asserting a second edge on the single outward line a selectable time period after said first edge, said selectable time period representing said data; and means for receiving a return pulse on said single return path comprising means for receiving a first edge and a second edge on the single return line, the first and second edges being separated by a first time period, said first time period representing an acknowledgement. | 06-04-2009 |
20090154543 | Using a Triangular Waveform to Synchronize the Operation of an Electronic Circuit - An electronic circuit exhibiting synchronization with an external synchronization signal, the electronic circuit comprising: an input connection arranged to receive a synchronization input signal; a triangular waveform oscillator operatively associated with the synchronization signal input connection and responsive to a condition of the received synchronization input signal to initiate a triangular waveform; and a pulse train generator operatively associated with the triangular waveform oscillator, the pulse train generator arranged to generate a plurality of pulse trains having a fixed non-zero phase relationship between them and a frequency responsive to the condition of the synchronization input signal. | 06-18-2009 |
20090154544 | Amplifier Modulation Method and Apparatus - A signal is modulated by generating a pulse-width modulation signal and applying the pulse-width modulation signal to an input of a switched-mode amplifier. An output of the amplifier is coupled to a filter operable to impart either differential mode oscillations or common mode oscillations at the amplifier output based on the duty cycle of the pulse-width modulation signal. The duty cycle of the pulse-width modulation signal is varied to impart amplitude modulations at the amplifier output. | 06-18-2009 |
20090185614 | SIGNAL GENERATING APPARATUS AND RELATED METHOD - The signal generating apparatus includes a signal modulating unit, a selection signal generating unit, and a phase adjusting unit. The signal modulating unit is utilized for processing a modulation upon an input signal to generate a modulated signal. The selection signal generating unit is utilized for generating at least a first selection signal. The phase adjusting unit is coupled to the signal modulating unit and the selection signal generating unit, and is utilized for receiving the modulated signal and adjusting a pulse width of the modulated signal to generate an output signal according to the first selection signal. | 07-23-2009 |
20090185615 | RADIO WAVE RECEIVER AND WAVE CLOCK - Disclosed is a radio wave receiver including: a receiving unit to receive a radio wave including a time code in which a plurality of types of data pulse different in pulse width from one another are arranged with a predetermined period of time; a detection circuit to detect the time code in the radio wave received by the receiving unit to obtain a detected signal; a low-pass filter to pass low-frequency components in the detected signal detected by the detection circuit, a cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter being twice a transmit frequency of the data pulse or less; and a data distinction unit to distinguish the types of data pulse based on an output of the low-pass filter for at least one specific point of time during a transmit period of data pulse. | 07-23-2009 |
20090190650 | DRIVING SIGNAL GENERATION CIRCUIT - A driving signal generation circuit including a transforming circuit and a phase split circuit is disclosed. The transforming circuit is utilized to generate a transformed signal by delaying a rising or falling edge of each pulse of a pulse-width-modulation signal. The phase split circuit generates first and second driving signals by respectively extracting each odd pulse and each even pulse of the transformed signal. Furthermore, disclosed is another driving signal generation circuit including a phase split circuit and a phase shift circuit. The phase split circuit generates first and second push-pull signals by respectively extracting each odd pulse and each even pulse of the pulse-width-modulation signal. The phase shift circuit generates a driving signal by delaying rising and falling edges of each pulse of the first or second push-pull signal. | 07-30-2009 |
20090190651 | PWM SIGNAL GENERATOR, PWM SIGNAL GENERATING DEVICE, AND DIGITAL AMPLIFIER - In a full digital amplifier for an audio amplifier or the like, it is possible to suppress the concentration of an electromagnetic noise emission spectrum at a specific frequency. A sampling period variation type digital filter is realized by varying the coefficient of a noise shaping filter for the delta-sigma modulator of the full digital amplifier depending on a sampling period. This allows the variation in the carrier frequency of the pulse width modulation. | 07-30-2009 |
20090196337 | PULSE WIDTH MODULATION CIRCUITS AND METHODS - Noise reducing circuitry may be included in a pulse width modulation circuit. The pulse width modulation circuit may include a comparator adapted to receive an analog signal and a sawtooth signal and to compare such signals to generate a pulse width output. In general, the noise reducing circuitry may include a sawtooth signal generating circuit configured to generate a sawtooth signal including an up ramp and a sawtooth signal including a down ramp. A control circuit may be coupled to the sawtooth signal generating circuit for controlling the sawtooth signal generating circuit based on whether a relatively narrow or relatively wide pulse width is to be output by the pulse width modulation circuit. Methods for reducing noise in a pulse width modulation circuit may generally involve dynamically controlling a direction of ramp of a sawtooth signal that is to be input to the comparator of the pulse width modulation circuit. | 08-06-2009 |
20090201981 | Transmission Element Having a Segmented Characteristics Map - A transmission element having at least one input and at least one output is described, the transmission element delivering a functional relationship (t=F(R)) between the input quantity (R) applied to the input and the output quantity (t) that may be picked up at the output and the functional relationship (t=F(R)) being stored in a characteristics map, wherein the characteristics map comprises at least one segment having a lower limit (N(b | 08-13-2009 |
20090201982 | Precision timing pulse width communications methodology - Systems and methods are described for pulse communications using precision timing. A method includes digitally pulse coding a data stream; and modulating a carrier signal using the digitally pulse coded data stream. | 08-13-2009 |
20090238258 | Switched Mode Power Amplification - The invention concerns a method of amplifying a radio frequency signal, a switched mode power amplifying device and a radio transmission device comprising such a power amplifying device. The switched power amplifying device ( | 09-24-2009 |
20090245344 | System and Method for Multi-Channel Control System - A system having has a pulse width modulation controller to successively activate each of a plurality of channels each in its own individual channel time slot is described. The system also has a sampling multiplexer configured to successively sample a signal derived from each of the plurality of channels during each individual channel time slot. Each individual time slot has an individual sampling sequence. | 10-01-2009 |
20090274207 | APPARATUS AND CONTROL INTERFACE THEREFOR - An apparatus comprises a number of sub-systems and a control interface operably coupled to sub-systems for routeing data therebetween. A strobe generation function is operably coupled to the control interface and configured to generate a plurality of different strobe signals to differentiate between different intended receiving devices. Thus, different strobe signals may be multiplexed onto a single control interface link, based on a pulse width or voltage magnitude characteristics of the respective strobe signals. A strobe decoder function is operably coupled to the control interface and configured to decode a plurality of different strobe signals to differentiate between triggering sub-systems on receiving devices. | 11-05-2009 |
20090285279 | PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR WITH PULSE WIDTH CONTROL CIRCUITRY - A phase frequency detector comprising a detection circuit and a reset circuit. The phase frequency detector may receive a feedback signal having a predetermined pulse width. The detection circuit may generate a first control signal based on a reference signal, and a second control signal based on the feedback signal. The reset circuit may generate a reset signal used for resetting the detection circuit based on the first control signal, the second control signal, and the feedback signal. The feedback signal may be tied to the generation of the reset signal such that, during a locked state, the pulse width of the second control signal is approximately equal to the pulse width of the feedback signal, which helps reduce the sensitivity of the circuit to nonlinearities. | 11-19-2009 |
20090296805 | Pulse width modulation controller and pulse waveform control method - A pulse width modulation (PWM) controller includes: a first counter for counting a reference clock signal, and thus outputting a first count value, a leading edge control signal generator for outputting a leading edge control signal on a basis of the first count value, an adjustment clock generator for generating an adjustment clock signal, a second counter controller for instructing the adjustment clock generator to start to output the adjustment clock signal, a second counter for outputting a second count value, a trailing edge control signal generator for outputting a trailing edge control signal on a basis of the second count value, and a PWM pulse generator for synthesizing the leading edge control signal and the trailing edge control signal, and thus generating a pulse width modulation signal. | 12-03-2009 |
20100014574 | DIGITAL AMPLIFIER - A digital amplifier amplifies an input signal from a tuner ( | 01-21-2010 |
20100014575 | Pulse Width Modulator - A switch-modulator ( | 01-21-2010 |
20100040132 | Multiple Devices Communicating on a Single Communication Channel with a Consecutively Sequenced Signal - The present invention provides apparatuses, methods, and computer readable media for supporting communications for a plurality of transmitter-receiver pairs on a common frequency spectrum. A transmitting device transmits a consecutively sequenced signal sequentially containing messages to a corresponding receiving device. A duty cycle adjustment circuit determines the duration between adjacent messages so that the consecutively sequenced signal is characterized by a randomized duty cycle. The duty cycle adjustment circuit selects the duration from a sequence that is characterized by an average duration. The duty cycle adjustment circuit obtains the duration from an array by determining an index from a function of a random variable. A receiving device receives a consecutively sequenced signal sequentially containing messages from a transmitting device, where the consecutively sequenced signal is characterized by a randomized duty cycle. A processing circuit detects the messages and initiates an error signal when a predetermined number of consecutive invalid messages are detected. | 02-18-2010 |
20100054325 | Multi-Level Pulse Width Modulation Power Amplifier Method and Apparatus - A baseband signal is processed by amplifying a first pulse width modulation radio frequency signal having a first non-negligible peak-to-peak amplitude and a second non-negligible peak-to-peak amplitude larger than the first non-negligible peak-to-peak amplitude. A second pulse width modulation radio frequency signal is also amplified, the second pulse width modulation radio frequency signal having a third non-negligible peak-to-peak amplitude approximately equal to the second non-negligible peak-to-peak amplitude of the first pulse width modulation signal when the baseband signal power is at or above the second threshold level. The amplified signals are constructively combined to form a pulse width modulation radio frequency signal comprising a plurality of non-negligible peak-to-peak amplitude levels each corresponding to a different baseband signal power range. | 03-04-2010 |
20100061442 | DIGITAL PULSE WIDTH MODULATOR | 03-11-2010 |
20100091833 | TRANSMISSION DEVICE - A transmission device including a pulse generating section configured to generate a plurality of pulses using a signal of data and a signal obtained by delaying the signal of data, and to adjust the pulse width such that each of the plurality of pulses has a pulse width conforming to a sequence of the data; a band-pass filter filtering the plurality of pulses; and a transmission amplifier amplifying the filtered plurality of pulses and outputting the filtered plurality of pulses as a transmission signal. | 04-15-2010 |
20100098150 | Techniques for Asynchronous Data Recovery - A data recovery circuit includes a pulse width indicator circuit, an edge detection circuit and a first storage. The pulse width indicator circuit is configured to receive, at an input, a data stream and provide pulses, at respective outputs, that are indicative of respective data bits in the received data stream. The edge detection circuit is configured to receive, on respective inputs, the pulses from the pulse width indicator circuit and provide respective storage signals, on respective outputs that are indicative of a logic level of the respective data bits, responsive to the pulses. The first storage is configured to receive and store the respective storage signals. | 04-22-2010 |
20100128775 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING SIGNAL IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Disclosed are an apparatus and method for transmitting a signal in a wireless communication system. The apparatus includes a controller for receiving power control information of a baseband signal, deciding an output mode, and providing an output mode signal, a signal converter for receiving the baseband signal outputting a phase signal, and outputting an envelope signal when the output mode signal indicates a first output mode, a phase modulator for up-converting the phase signal, and an amplifier for combining the envelop signal and the up-converted phase signal for the first output mode and amplifying the combined signal. | 05-27-2010 |
20100172401 | ELECTRICAL PULSE DATA TRANSMISSION USING A LOOK-UP TABLE - Input data is encoded using a look-up table and then transmitted over a conductive transmission medium as a series of electrical pulses. The look-up table includes data elements. The length of each pulse is calibrated to correspond to one of the data elements in the look-up table. Upon receipt at another end of the transmission medium, the data is decoded using a look-up table. This decoding includes measuring the length of each received pulse to match the measured length to a corresponding one of the data elements in the look-up table. | 07-08-2010 |
20100208789 | VOLTAGE LEVEL CONVERTER WITH MIXED SIGNAL CONTROLLER - According to an embodiment, a mixed signal controller includes a fine controller, a coarse controller and a digital controller. The fine controller is operable to output an analog modulation signal responsive to an analog control signal and a voltage signal input to the fine controller. The coarse controller is operable to output a digital pulse width modulation (PWM) signal responsive to the analog modulation signal and an analog PWM reference signal input to the coarse controller. The digital controller is operable to program the analog control signal and the analog PWM reference signal responsive to the digital PWM signal so that the fine and coarse controllers together regulate the voltage signal at a predetermined voltage level. | 08-19-2010 |
20100278228 | APPARATUS METHOD AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUM FOR A TRANSMITTER - An apparatus comprising a signal generator for generating a polar representation of a signal. The apparatus comprises further a first filtering unit configured to filter a low frequency part of the amplitude component of said signal and a second filtering unit configured to filter a high frequency-part of the amplitude component of said signal. In addition, the apparatus includes a pulse width modulating unit configured to modulate the filtered high frequency part of the amplitude component of said signal together with the phase component of said signal. Finally the apparatus includes a DC-DC converter configured to convert the filtered low frequency part of the amplitude component of said signal. Said DC-DC converter supplies a switching mode power amplifier for amplifying the pulse width modulated signal. | 11-04-2010 |
20110007794 | TRANSMITTER - The application refers to an apparatus comprising, a signal generator ( | 01-13-2011 |
20110013689 | DIGITAL SIGNAL RECEIVER - A digital signal receiver including: a signal edge detector configured to receive a signal including a code and detect an edge of the signal; a reference point detector configured to detect a reference point for pulse width detection from a rising time point or falling time point of the edge detected by the signal edge detector; a pulse width detector configured to detect a pulse width from the rising time point or falling time point of the edge and the reference point; a sampling point determination module configured to generate a histogram of the pulse width and determines a sampling point of the code based on an analysis result of the histogram; and a sampling module configured to perform a sampling of the code based on the sampling point determined by the sampling point determination module. | 01-20-2011 |
20110019728 | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF ALTERING A PWM CARRIER POWER SPECTRUM - In a particular embodiment, a circuit device includes an input to receive a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal and an output to send a modulated PWM signal. The circuit device further includes a pulse edge control circuit coupled between the input and the output. The pulse edge control circuit receives the PWM signal via the input and includes a control input to receive a modulation control signal. The pulse edge control circuit is adapted to modify the PWM signal to provide the modulated PWM signal with suppressed carrier power and associated harmonics to the output based on the modulation control signal. The circuit device further includes a modulation sequence controller adapted to provide the modulation control signal via the control input. The modulation control signal selectively controls a sequence of the modification of the PWM signal to selectively alter an output power spectrum of the modulated PWM signal. | 01-27-2011 |
20110026580 | ROTATING PULSE-WIDTH MODULATOR - A driver for driving an LED uses PWM in a sequence of the periods. The driver has a modulo counter, that is reset after each period. The driver has a first adder for combining the count value with a quantity indicative of a shift of the LED's control pulse relative to the start of the period; a second adder for combining the count value with a width quantity indicative of a width of the control pulse; and a logic gate receiving the MSBs at the outputs of the adders and supplying the control pulse. | 02-03-2011 |
20110058601 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ENVELOPE TRACKING POWER AMPLIFIER IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - An apparatus and method for amplifying a Transmit (Tx) signal according to an Envelope Tacking (ET) scheme in a wireless communication system are provided. A transmitting end apparatus includes an envelope gain controller for controlling a gain of a digital baseband Tx signal in accordance with power control, a detector for detecting an envelope signal from the digital baseband Tx signal whose gain is controlled, and for shaping on the envelope signal, a first Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) for converting the shaped envelope signal into an analog signal, and an envelope modulator for generating a drain bias of a power amplifier that amplifies a Radio Frequency (RF) Tx signal by using the analog envelope signal. Accordingly, a digital-based ET scheme is implemented, and by using a plurality of shaping tables, efficiency of the ET scheme can be maximized in a transmitting end that uses power control. | 03-10-2011 |
20110075721 | BROADCAST WAVE RECEIVING SYSTEM - A controlling unit includes: a memory unit that stores information in which the multiple clock frequencies that satisfy conditions for predetermined reception interferences to apart of multiple carrier frequencies included in a band frequency of the broadcast wave are previously set so that not all clock frequencies satisfy the conditions for the reception interferences to the same carrier frequencies, the information indicating a relation between each clock frequency and the carrier frequency that includes the reception interference; a reception frequency setting unit that sets the carrier frequency to be received to the broadcast wave receiving unit; a clock frequency determining unit that refers to the information stored in the memory unit and determines a clock frequency that does not include a reception interference to the carrier frequency that is set by the reception frequency setting unit, the determined clock frequency being out of the multiple clock frequencies; and a clock frequency setting unit that sets the clock frequency determined by the clock frequency determining unit to the reference clock generating unit, so that the reference clock generating unit generates a reference clock having the determined clock frequency. | 03-31-2011 |
20110075722 | DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM AND METHOD, AND DATA SENDING APPARATUS AND RECEIVING APPARATUS - A data transmission system including a device that delays a signal having a predetermined base frequency so as to generate a reference-phase signal having a reference phase, a delay signal more delayed than the reference signal by a unit of time, and an advance signal more advanced than the reference signal by the unit of time; a device that selects one of the reference-phase, delay, and advance signals so as to output a data signal in which a phase of one of the rising and falling edges of the data signal varies in accordance with values of transmitted data, and a phase of the other of the edges is constant; a device that generates a reference signal at the timing of one of the rising and falling edges of the data signal, said one having the constant phase; and a device that reproduces the data by measuring a phase difference between the generated reference signal and the data signal at the timing of the other of the rising and falling edges which has the varying phase. | 03-31-2011 |
20110075723 | Thermal Feedback for Switch Mode Amplification - A thermal sensor at the output of a switching amplifier senses heat dissipation at the output switch. If an overheating condition is sensed, gain of the digital input signal is lowered to reduce output power of the audio output signal. | 03-31-2011 |
20110103460 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING A COMPOSITE SIGNAL - An embodiment of a communication system can generate a composite signal that includes two or more different signals, where the signals represent different types of data. A data signal having one or more pulses that represent digital data of a first type is provided. A control signal that is a digital bit stream is provided. A composite signal is generated by multiplying a frequency of the data signal by a factor and modifying widths of pulses based on the bits of the control signal. The composite signal can be provided to a receiver device over a communication medium. The receiver device can determine the data signal and the control signal from the composite signal. | 05-05-2011 |
20110103461 | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF USING VARIABLE PULSES FOR SYMBOLOGY - A method and system for storing and transmitting data using variable pulse characteristics to represent ASCII or UNICODE characters, of the value of a string of data using a number base higher than 2. Pulse characteristics are modified to correspond to different data values. Pulse characteristics can include pulse durations, pulse spacings, pulse amplitudes, pulse phases, pulse polarities, pulse shapes and/or other pulse characteristics. | 05-05-2011 |
20110116537 | SIGNAL DISCRIMINATING METHOD OF ELINT RECEIVER - Provided is a signal discriminating method of an electronic intelligence receiver. The method includes: detecting a start time and an end time of modulation on pulse (MOP) due to a direct path signal and a multi path signal from a received signal; and extracting at least one of signal strength, frequency, and phase by using in-phase component and quadrature component of the signal in a time from a start time of the signal to a start time of the MOP. As a result, the present invention can prevent faulty discrimination or no discrimination of a signal due to a multi path signal and an unintended MOP to extract signal parameters. | 05-19-2011 |
20110170590 | POWER REGULATOR - Method and system of power regulating, such as but not limited to attenuating signal power levels. The power regulating being suitable for use in any number of application, environments, and circuits, including but not limited to those associated with a universal garage door opener (UGDO), remote keyless entry (RKE) unit, tire pressure monitor (TPM) unit, and/or a passive entry element. The regulating may be suitable for directly broadcasting the regulated signal and/or communication the regulated signal to other circuit element for further processing. | 07-14-2011 |
20110216818 | VARIABLE DUTY CYCLE GENERATION FOR OUT-PHASING AND PWM POWER AMPLIFIERS - Power reduction in transmitters is very important. One method to realize reduction is to make use of switching power amplifiers (PA) that have a better efficiency. Switching PA concepts are only possible in combination with suitable modulation methods like pulse width modulation (PWM) and out-phasing concepts. However, PWM and out-phasing concepts rely on accurate phase control and duty cycle of the signals. Digitally generation of signals of variable duty cycles and phase is proposed without sacrificing their accuracy. Accordingly, a out-phasing power amplifier arrangement is disclosed, where the generation of the out-phasing angle (θ) and duty cycles (d | 09-08-2011 |
20110222595 | POWER LINE COMMUNICATION METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING DATA SIGNAL WITH SPLITTING OF POWER TRANSMISSION INTERVAL - A power line communication method is provided, which divides the entire interval for transmitting power and data signals into a power transmission interval and a data transmission interval, and carries one or a plurality of data signals at the data transmission interval in the divided intervals. | 09-15-2011 |
20110243216 | COMMUNICATION APPARATUS AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF - A communication apparatus which receives output voltage of a direct current voltage converter, the communication apparatus includes: a modulating/demodulating circuit which demodulates a reception signal from a high-frequency transmitting/receiving circuit, modulates a transmission signal, and outputs the transmission signal to the high-frequency transmitting/receiving circuit; a communication control circuit which inputs reception data and outputs transmission data to and from the modulating/demodulating circuit and performs communication control in accordance with an reception period and a transmission period; and a direct current voltage converter control circuit which switches a direct current voltage converter, which outputs an output voltage to the communication apparatus, to pulse width modulation control in the reception period and transmission period, and switches the direct current voltage converter to pulse frequency modulation control in at least a partial period excluding the reception period and the transmission period. | 10-06-2011 |
20110261874 | Communication Over Power Lines - A method and apparatus for communicating over a power line. In one embodiment of the method, a first PWM waveform signal is generated, wherein a duty cycle of the first PWM waveform signal is proportional to an amplitude of a first analog signal. A first sinusoidal waveform signal is also generated, which has a first frequency. The first sinusoidal waveform signal is modulated in relation to the first PWM waveform signal. The modulated first sinusoidal waveform signal is transmitted to a circuit via a power conductor that couples a power source to the circuit. The circuit in turn generates a demodulated signal by demodulating the modulated first sinusoidal waveform signal. | 10-27-2011 |
20110261875 | Multi-Edge Pulse Width Modulator with Non-Stationary Residue Assignment - An improved method for generating pulse width modulated signals, e.g., for use in audio amplifiers, power amplifiers, etc. An input digital value is received and divided by a number N, producing a quotient and a residue. A plurality N of edge modulation values may then be generated based on the quotient and the residue. Each of the N edge modulation values specifies an edge of the pulse width modulated signal to be generated. Generation of the N edge modulation values may comprise applying the residue to one or more of the N edge modulation values when the residue is greater than zero. The residue may be applied to different ones of the plurality N of edge modulation values during different iterations of the method in a non-stationary fashion. The pulse width modulated signal may then be generated based on the N edge modulation values. | 10-27-2011 |
20110280299 | Pulse Width Modulation Synchronization of Switched Mode Power Converters - The present disclosure is directed generally to switch mode power supplies operating in a master-slave configuration and provides a method of synchronizing the PWM outputs from the master and slave devices to avoid problems such, for example, as the generation of beat frequencies. | 11-17-2011 |
20110310954 | PULSE WIDTH MODULATION COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - In a PWM communication system, a sensor unit transmits as reference pulses transmission signals, which exhibit duty cycles of 100% and 0%, respectively, prior to transmission of a transmission signal, which has data items compressed thereinto by a signal processing circuit. An input capture circuit of an ECU measures the duty time and the PWM cycle of the transmission signal according to a timer clock of a timer circuit. A signal processing circuit of the ECU produces a duty cycle correction factor k based on the measured duty times and PWM cycles of the reference pulses, produces receiving data based on the duty time and the PWM cycle of the transmission signal, and the duty cycle correction factor, and separates the receiving data into sensor output values of a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor. | 12-22-2011 |
20120002714 | Communication on a Pilot Wire - Systems and methods are disclosed for communicating on a pilot wire between Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (EVSE) and an Electric Vehicle (EV). The EVSE and EV exchange a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal on the pilot wire to control charging operations of the EV. Data communications may also be transmitted on the pilot wire, such as between transmit and receive modems. The modems transmit communication signals either continuously, without regard to the state of the PWM signal, or only when the PWM is in an off-state. If transmitting while PWM is on, the modem needs a large coupling impedance and/or a large signal injection. To transmit only when the PWM is off, the modem may use a blocking diode in the coupling circuit or may synchronize to the pulses in the PWM signal. | 01-05-2012 |
20120063504 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY TUNING - An oscillator may include a crystal resonator, an inverter coupled in parallel with the crystal resonator, a first switched capacitor coupled to a first terminal of the crystal resonator, a second switched capacitor coupled to a second terminal of the crystal resonator, a control module configured to output a periodic dithering signal, the periodic dithering signal having a first pulse width based on a desired frequency of oscillation for the oscillator, and a delay module configured to communicate a first periodic enable signal to enable the first switched capacitor and a second periodic enable signal to enable the second switched capacitor. At least one of the first periodic enable signal and the second periodic enable signal may have a second pulse width greater than the first pulse width. The second periodic enable signal may be phase delayed relative to the first periodic enable signal by a non-zero delay. | 03-15-2012 |
20120063505 | POWER TRANSMITTER AND WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM - A power transmitter | 03-15-2012 |
20120082204 | TWO-WIRE TRANSMITTER - There is provided a two-wire transmitter which is connected to an external circuit by two transmission lines and which outputs a certain current signal to the external circuit using the external circuit as a power source. The two-wire transmitter includes: a sensor configured to convert a physical quantity into a first electrical signal and output the first electrical signal; a signal processing circuit configured to perform certain processing on the first electrical signal and output a second electrical signal; a constant current circuit configured to determine the certain current signal to be output to the external circuit, based on the second electrical signal; a reference voltage output unit configured to output a reference voltage based on the second electrical signal; and a shunt regulator circuit configured to determine a circuit voltage of the two-wire transmitter based on the reference voltage. | 04-05-2012 |
20120114033 | USING MULTI-LEVEL PULSE WIDTH MODULATED SIGNAL FOR REAL TIME NOISE CANCELLATION - A mixed signal processing circuit includes an analog to PWM converting circuit and a finite impulse response (FIR) filter having a multiple output tapped delay line and a summing and integration circuit. The mixed signal processing circuit converts an input analog signal to a PWM signal, forms a multi-level PWM signal from the PWM signal and one or more delayed versions of the PWM signal, and converts the multi-level PWM signal to an output analog signal. The analog to PWM converting circuit is implemented using a triangle waveform generator and a comparator. The FIR filter is implement using a resistive network to apply scaling coefficients of the FIR filter. The mixed signal processing circuit can be implemented within a noise cancellation headphone to generate a noise cancelling signal or generally in applications that would be benefitted from the combination of analog input/output and digital filter techniques. | 05-10-2012 |
20120207205 | PHASE-SHIFTED PULSE WIDTH MODULATION SIGNAL GENERATION DEVICE AND METHOD THEREFOR - First information is received at a first pulse width modulation (PWM) module responsive to a chip select signal being asserted at a chip select input of a communication bus of the first PWM module during a first time. The first information is latched at a control register of the first PWM module in response to a first logic transition of the chip select signal. A first PWM signal is provided at a first output of the first PWM module beginning a predetermined amount of time after the first logic transition of the chip select signal, the first PWM signal generated by the first PWM module based upon the first information. | 08-16-2012 |
20120213268 | Locking System and Method Thereof - The present invention provides a locking method and system, and the method includes: a locking system performing a phase discrimination and conversion process to an input signal F | 08-23-2012 |
20120250754 | EFFICIENCY-OPTIMIZED CODING FOR HIGH FREQUENCY POWER AMPLIFIERS - The invention introduces a coding unit for a high frequency power amplifier which encodes a useful signal into a binary signal so that a better energy conversion efficiency is achieved—even at an output power below the maximum output power of the high frequency power amplifier. The coding unit has a polar modulation unit, a pulse width modulation unit and a multiplier. Therein, the polar modulation unit has an input connected to an input of the coding unit and is designed to represent an input signal applied to the input of the coding unit as an envelope signal and a binary phasing signal. The pulse width modulation unit is connected to a first output of the polar modulation unit for the envelope signal and is designed to convert the envelope signal into a pulse-width modulated envelope signal and to output it to a first input of the multiplier. | 10-04-2012 |
20120257670 | TRANSMISSION CIRCUIT - A transmission circuit comprises a Σ−Δ modulator to perform Σ−Δ modulation of an amplitude modulation component of a modulation signal and to output a pulse width modulation signal, an angle modulator to generate an angle modulation component signal of a signal obtained by multiplying the modulation signal by a transmission output control coefficient corresponding to a transmission output in a power amplifier, and a multiplier to multiply the pulse width modulation signal by the angle modulation component signal and to output a result of the multiplication as an output signal to the power amplifier. | 10-11-2012 |
20120287984 | POWER AND BIDIRECTIONAL DATA TRANSMISSION - Systems and methods for power and bidirectional data transmission using a plurality of wires. A multiphase digital signal is downlinked from a main unit to a remote unit over the plurality of wires and is converted to a DC power signal used to power the remote unit. Uplink data is sent from the remote to the main over one selected wire during a predetermined time period for an uplink transmission by amplitude modulating the received digital signal at the remote. During an uplink, the output impedance of the line driver in the main unit connected to the wire selected for the uplink is increased to allow for the uplink amplitude modulation. The modulated signal is maintained within the noise margins of the digital circuits in the main and remote units. | 11-15-2012 |
20120287985 | WIRELESS POWER AND DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, POWER TRANSMITTING APPARATUS, AND POWER RECEIVING APPARATUS - A power transmitting apparatus is usable for wireless power and data transmission. The power transmitting apparatus includes a power transmitting section configured to transmit power and data to be transmitted as being converted into a pulse train; and a control section configured to control the power transmitting section such that a change of the power caused by superimposition of the data is decreased. | 11-15-2012 |
20130003820 | WIRELESS TELEMETRY USING VOLTAGE AND PULSE INTERVALS - According to techniques of this disclosure in various examples, a wireless signaling system may include a stationary element such as a stator and a non-stationary element such as a rotor. The stationary element includes a stationary element controller. The stationary element is configured to transmit a wireless signal comprising a pair of pulses. The non-stationary element comprising a non-stationary element controller. The non-stationary element is configured to receive the wireless signal from the stationary element controller, measure a transition in voltage of each of the pulses and a time interval between the pulses, and interpret a signal based on the transition in voltage of each of the pulses and the time interval between the pulses. | 01-03-2013 |
20130070835 | CDR WITH DIGITALLY CONTROLLED LOCK TO REFERENCE - In described embodiments, a receiver includes a clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit with a voltage control oscillator (VCO) having proportional and integral loop control, and a Lock to Reference (L2R) mode circuit using Phase and Frequency Detector (PFD) control of the VCO during the absence of input data to the CDR. A regular CDR second order loop incorporating PFD control of the VCO during the absence of input data to the CDR achieves relatively rapid lock to reference when compared to counter-based lock to reference mode of operation. | 03-21-2013 |
20130070836 | System and Method for Generating a Radio Frequency Pulse-width Modulated Signal - In an embodiment, a method of producing a multi-level RF signal includes producing plurality of pulse-width modulated signals based on an input signal. The method further includes driving a corresponding plurality of parallel amplifiers with the plurality of pulse-width modulated signals by setting a parallel amplifier to have a first output impedance when a corresponding pulse-width modulated signal is in an active state and setting the parallel amplifier to have a second output impedance when the corresponding pulse-width is in an inactive state. The method also includes phase shifting the outputs of the plurality of parallel amplifiers, wherein phase shifting transforms the second output impedance into a third impedance that is higher than the second output impedance, and combining the phase shifted outputs. | 03-21-2013 |
20130094562 | TRANSMITTER AND TRANSMITTING METHOD USING DELAY LOCKED LOOP - An NFC transmitter using a delay-locked loop and an NFC transmission method thereof are provided. The NFC near field communication (NFC) transmitter includes a delay-locked loop (DLL) that outputs a reference clock and a delayed clock using the reference clock and a value of a duty code which are input, a clock output unit that receives the reference clock and the delayed clock, outputs the reference clock in any of a high section and a low section of input data, and outputs a converted clock having a duty ratio using the reference clock and the delayed clock in the other of the high section and the lower section of the input data, and an RF signal generator that generates an RF signal using a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal input from the clock output unit. | 04-18-2013 |
20130121397 | System and Method for Phase Modulation Over a Pulse Width Modulated/Amplitude Modulated Signal for Use in a Radio Controlled Clock Receiver - A system and method for a radio controlled clock receiver adapted to extract timing and time information from a phase modulated signal. The official time signal is broadcast from a central location using a modified modulation scheme, which adds phase modulation over the legacy amplitude modulation, such as the legacy WWVB pulse width modulated (PWM)/amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, thereby allowing for improved performance. The information modulated onto the phase contains a known synchronization sequence having good autocorrelation properties, error-correcting coding for the time information and notifications of daylight-saving-time (DST) transitions that are provided months in advance. The modulation scheme is based on a form of phase modulation, such as binary-phase-shift-keying (BPSK) or phase reversal keying (PRK). The reception of multiple frames with repeated or sequential information allows for the accumulation of received energy over multiple frames to provide for a corresponding gain in the receiver. | 05-16-2013 |
20130121398 | Timing and Time Information Extraction from a Phase Modulated Signal in a Radio Controlled Clock Receiver - A system and method for a radio controlled clock receiver adapted to extract timing and time information from a phase modulated signal. The official time signal is broadcast from a central location using the modified modulation scheme of the present invention, which adds phase modulation that allows for greatly improved performance. The information modulated onto the phase contains a known synchronization sequence having good autocorrelation properties, error-correcting coding for the time information and notifications of daylight-saving-time (DST) transitions that are provided months in advance. The modulation scheme is based on a form of phase modulation, such as binary-phase-shift-keying (BPSK) or phase reversal keying (PRK). A superframe comprising multiple frames with repeated information allows for the accumulation of received energy over multiple frames to provide for a corresponding gain in the receiver. | 05-16-2013 |
20130121399 | Timing and Time Information Extraction in a Radio Controlled Clock Receiver - A novel and useful system and method for extracting timing, time and additional information from a broadcast received in a radio controlled clock (RCC) receiver. The RCC receiver extracts timing information represented by a known synchronization sequence that is used for acquisition and tracking purposes. The RCC receiver extracts time information as a merged 26-bit time information word linearly coded into 31 bits comprising the number of minutes (or hours) since the turn of the current century. A minute counter representing the 26 bits is converted into the date, hour, and minute. The RCC extracts additional information including the schedule for the next daylight saving time transition and for an imminent leap second. The communications protocol optionally employs error correcting codes to provide protection for data fields in the frame, which the RCC may use to enhance reception reliability in the presence of noise and interference. | 05-16-2013 |
20130121400 | ADAPTIVE RADIO CONTROLLED CLOCK EMPLOYING DIFFERENT MODES OF OPERATION FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS AND SCENARIOS - A configurable system and method for a radio controlled clock (RCC) receiver adapted to apply different strategies for extracting timing and time information from a phase modulated signal depending on the type of application the RCC is used in and on the reception conditions. The official time signal is broadcast from a central location using a modulation scheme which includes phase modulation that alternates between different information rates, allowing for multiple alternative reception modes that are suited for different ranges of signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR). The operation of the RCC is configured by the application that hosts it, such that the reception performance and the energy consumption best suit that application. The reception mode used by the RCC at a given time may be selected automatically, i.e. without user intervention, based on the device's profile of operation and the reception conditions. | 05-16-2013 |
20130156089 | DIGITAL TIME-INTERLEAVED RF-PWM TRANSMITTER - A method for transmitting radio frequency (RF) signals is provided. In-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signals are received and filtered using sigma-delta modulation. I and Q pulse width modulation signals are generated from the filtered I and Q signals and interleaved so as to generate a time-interleaved signal. The time-interleaved signal is then amplified to generate the RF signals. | 06-20-2013 |
20130223507 | GENERATING PULSE WIDTH MODULATED SIGNALS - A technique includes using a first signal that is produced by a counter to generate a center-aligned pulse width modulation signal having a first time profile and using the first signal to concurrently generate a pulse width modulation signal that has a second time profile that is different from the first time profile. | 08-29-2013 |
20130223508 | High Resolution Pulse Width Modulator - A pulse width modulator has a first clock source providing a clock signal to a set input of an output controller configured to set a pulse width output signal and having a reset input to reset the pulse width output signal. A duty cycle control unit is coupled with the reset input of the output controller, wherein the duty cycle control unit has a numerical controlled oscillator (NCO) being coupled with a register and configured to provide for a direct digital synthesis to produce a specified frequency according to a value set in the register. Furthermore, logic is provided for receiving a signal from a second clock source and the pulse width output signal to trigger the numerical controlled oscillator. | 08-29-2013 |
20130230094 | MULTI-ANTENNA RECEIVER IN A RADIO CONTROLLED CLOCK - A novel and useful multi-antenna receiver that receives, demodulates and decodes a broadcast signal, whose modulation and encoding of time and timing information allow for reliable and power-efficient operation. The multi-antenna receiver of the present invention is adapted to eliminate or substantially reduce the reception nulls that occur in receivers having a single antenna that is placed in a fixed position. Two or more antennas are employed whereby the receiver generates a combined signal based on a combination of the individual antenna signals or selects one of the antenna signals for input to the receiver based on desired criteria such as signal-to-noise-and-interference-ratio (SNIR). This results in greater robustness of the communication link by reducing or eliminating reception nulls and by rejecting interference through the selection of the antenna for which the signal-to-interference ratio is higher. The invention includes various antenna configurations that are adapted to reuse a single core for multiple antennas or to otherwise reduce size and/or cost. | 09-05-2013 |
20130235923 | Pulse-Width Modulator and Methods of Implementing and Using the Same - A pulse-width modulator (PWM) includes a plurality of comparators for comparing an input signal with a plurality of reference signals and for providing a plurality of corresponding comparison signals. The pulse-width modulator also includes a combinational logic for receiving the plurality of comparison signals and for generating a plurality of binary pulse-width modulation signals on the basis of the plurality of comparison signals. At most only a currently selected binary pulse-width modulation signal of the binary pulse-width modulation signals is at a first signal level at a time. The currently selected binary pulse-width modulation signal is associated to a specific reference signal of the plurality of reference signals which is currently closest to the input signal among the plurality of reference signals in terms of a given amplitude relation between the plurality of reference signals and the input signal. | 09-12-2013 |
20130243073 | ADAPTIVELY INTERPOLATING AND SEARCHING TO REFINE SAMPLING IN PULSE WIDTH MODULATION - Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with estimating a natural sampling point from uniform sample points when generating a PWM signal are described. According to one embodiment, an apparatus includes a cross point logic configured to determine which of the samples along the analog signal are adjacent to a crossing point of a reference signal and the analog signal by identifying samples between which the crossing point occurs. The apparatus includes an interpolation logic configured to adaptively interpolate points along the analog signal that approach the crossing point by using the samples. The interpolation logic is configured to adaptively interpolate the points to refine a region between the points within which the crossing point occurs. The apparatus includes a search logic configured to search within the region to produce an estimated location of the crossing point by using the interpolated points. | 09-19-2013 |
20130272368 | LOW POWER DATA RECOVERY USING OVER-CLOCKING - Described herein are apparatus, system, and method for low power data recovery using over-clocking. The apparatus is a receiver that comprises an edge detector to detect a first falling edge and a first rising edge of an input signal received from a transmitter; a counter to count in a first direction in response to detecting the first falling edge, and to count in a second direction in response to detecting the first rising edge of the input signal, the counter to generate a final count value based on the counts in the first and second directions; and a decision unit to determine whether data in the input signal is of logical high or logical low value, the determination made according to the final count value, wherein the receiver and the transmitter are a Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI®) M-PHY | 10-17-2013 |
20140036987 | DECODER FOR DECODING PWM CODE AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM - A decoder for decoding an input signal coded with a pulse width modulation code as a line code to an output signal in a binary code, has a first memory, a first timer, a determination circuit and a first controller. The information on a duty duration of the PWM code, corresponding to at least one kind of the output signals, is stored on the first memory. The first timer has a capacity to measure the duty duration of the input signal. The determination circuit has a capacity to determining which kind of the output signals corresponds to the input signal, on the basis of the information stored on the first memory and the duty duration measured with the first timer. The first controller has a capacity to updating the information stored on the first memory, on the basis of the determination result and the measured duty duration. | 02-06-2014 |
20140036988 | TRANSCEIVER FOR SERIAL DATA COMMUNICATION UTILIZING PWM ENCODED SIGNAL - Serial data are transmitted between transceivers via a communication path, each bit expressed by a dominant code or a recessive code which vary between dominant and recessive levels, the dominant code having a greater proportion of duration at the dominant level. A device (clock master) can continuously output successive recessive codes to the communication path, in which condition a transceiver can transmit a dominant code by producing an output drive signal which overwrites a part of a recessive code, currently being received from the communication path, to the dominant level. The output drive signal is shaped with a steeper edge slope at a transition from an inactive to an active level than from the active to the inactive level, enabling an increased data transmission rate without increased noise. | 02-06-2014 |
20140036989 | METHOD FOR ESTABLISHING AN IP-BASED COMMUNICATIONS CONNECTION BETWEEN AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE AND A CHARGING CONTROL UNIT - A method establishes an IP-based communications connection between an electric vehicle and a charge control unit associated with a charging station assigned an IP address. The electric vehicle is connected to the charging station via a charging cable and/or an inductive charge coupling for charging and/or discharging. A first communication connection that can be used exclusively by the electric vehicle and the charging station is provided via the charging cable and/or the inductive charging coupling. The electric vehicle having the charging control unit and the charging infrastructure can communicate via a second communications connection that can be used in parallel by other electric vehicles and charge control units. An identification is provided to the electric vehicle and the charging control unit. An IP-based communication is established between the electric vehicle and the charging control unit, using the IP address. | 02-06-2014 |
20140064355 | DELTA-SIGMA MODULATOR AND TRANSMITTER INCLUDING THE SAME - A delta-sigma modulator and a transmitter apparatus including the same are disclosed. The delta-sigma modulator includes a first integrator, a second integrator, a first comparator configured to compare an output signal of the second integrator and a reference signal, and output a first comparison signal, a second comparator configured to compare the output signal of the second integrator and the reference signal, and output a second comparison signal, a first DAC configured to output the first signal corresponding to the first comparison signal and the second comparison signal, a second DAC configured to output the second signal corresponding to the first comparison signal and the second comparison signal, a delayer configured to generate a delayed signal that delays the first comparison signal and the second comparison signal by a predetermined time, and an output DAC configured to generate an output signal having a multi-level corresponding to the delayed signal. | 03-06-2014 |
20140086301 | PULSE SHAPING FOR GENERATING NFC INITIATOR TRANSMIT WAVEFORM - Systems and methods are disclosed that can shape signals to meet emission mask requirements, current consumption requirements, and overshoot/undershoot requirements relating to the interaction that, for example, occurs when a near field communications (NFC) target comes within range of an NFC initiator, and the initiator generates and transmits an NFC waveform. In some implementations, a pair of bit patterns are defined whose differential output from an amplifier is a shaped pulse width modulated waveform. Varying individual bits of the bit patterns can vary the shaped pulse waveform with predictability. The pulse width modulated waveform may be filtered using a matching network that reduces higher order harmonics, thereby reducing out-of-band emissions. | 03-27-2014 |
20140105269 | FIR Filter Using Unclocked Delay Elements - A system and method for filtering an analog signal with a finite impulse response (FIR) filter that does not require analog delay elements are disclosed. An analog signal is pulse-width encoded, and the pulse-width encoded signal passed to a delay line comprising unclocked delay elements, such as logic gates, rather than clocked delay elements such as are used in conventional FIR filters. The propagation of the input signal is thus due only to the delay inherent in each gate, and occurs based upon when a signal reaches the gate rather than being caused by a clock signal. As with a conventional FIR filter, weighting elements having impedance are used to weigh the output of each delay element, and the resulting outputs summed to obtain a filtered output signal. For certain signals, such a circuit and method provides a simpler way of filtering than conventional filters. | 04-17-2014 |
20140133545 | System and Method for Multi-Channel Control System - A system having has a pulse width modulation controller to successively activate each of a plurality of channels each in its own individual channel time slot is described. The system also has a sampling multiplexer configured to successively sample a signal derived from each of the plurality of channels during each individual channel time slot. Each individual time slot has an individual sampling sequence. | 05-15-2014 |
20140140390 | COMMUNICATION APPARATUS FOR TRANSMISSION OF BINARY CODED SIGNAL - A communication apparatus includes a detecting unit, a process performing unit, and a range setting unit. The detecting unit detects a boundary pattern periodically appearing between codes in a binary coded signal transmitted through a transmission line. The boundary pattern is information showing a boundary appearing between codes. The process performing unit performs a process in synchronization with timing of appearance of the boundary pattern. The range setting unit sets an allowance range which is set include timing at which it is estimated that the next boundary pattern appears. The timing is counted from the timing currently detected by the detecting unit. The detecting unit includes a section which detects the timing of appearance of the boundary pattern during the allowance range. | 05-22-2014 |
20140169443 | DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, DATA CARRIER DRIVING APPARATUS, AND DATA CARRIER APPARATUS - In a data communication system according to one aspect of the present invention, a data carrier driving apparatus, which communicates with a data carrier apparatus using a rectification smoothing circuit for generating a power supply voltage, controls a pulse width of each pulse of a clock signal (pulse voltage) supplied to the data carrier apparatus. The data carrier driving apparatus sets the duration of each pulse of a pulse voltage generated by the data carrier driving apparatus, so as to suppress a decrease in the level of the pulse voltage caused by a charging operation for the rectification smoothing circuit, particularly, such that the duration in which the pulse voltage becomes a high-level voltage is longer than or equal to the duration in which the pulse voltage becomes a low-level voltage during one period. | 06-19-2014 |
20140185663 | INTEGRATED CIRCUIT, COMMUNICATION UNIT AND METHOD FOR IMPROVED AMPLITUDE RESOLUTION OF AN RF-DAC - An integrated circuit includes: a digitally-controlled power generation stage for converting an input signal to a radio frequency (RF) carrier, the digitally-controlled power generation stage including a plurality of selectable switching devices capable of adjusting an envelope of the RF carrier; and a pulse width modulator (PWM) generator arranged to generate a PWM control signal according to a fractional word and operably coupleable to the plurality of selectable switching devices of the digitally-controlled power generation stage; wherein the PWM generator inputs the PWM control signal to a subset of the plurality of the selectable switching devices such that a PWM signal adjusts the envelope of the RF carrier output from the digitally-controlled power generation stage. | 07-03-2014 |
20140204993 | METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING CARRIER POWER AMPLIFIER OF BASE STATION - A method, an apparatus, and a system for controlling a carrier Power Amplifier (PA) of a Base Station (BS) in a network communication field are disclosed. The method includes: obtaining power control information of the carrier PA at a next timeslot; and adjusting working voltage of the carrier PA at the next timeslot according to the power control information. An apparatus and a system for controlling a carrier PA of a BS are also disclosed. The method, apparatus, and system can reduce energy consumption of the BS and improve energy efficiency of the BS. | 07-24-2014 |
20140241414 | SELF SYNCHRONIZING DATA COMMUNICATION METHOD AND DEVICE - A method comprises: detecting a first change of a physical property of a signal; starting a measurement of a duration of a first time interval that begins with the detection of the first change; detecting a second change of the physical property; stopping the measurement of the duration of the first time interval and starting a second measurement of a duration of a second time interval in response to the detection of the second change; detecting a third change of the physical property, and stopping the second measurement in response to detecting the third change; determining a relation of the durations of the first time interval and the second time interval from the first measurement and the second measurement; and determining the received data value based on the determined relation of the durations of the first time interval and the second time interval. | 08-28-2014 |
20140269892 | Apparatus and Method for a Digital Transmitter Architecture with Outphasing Power Amplifier - System and method embodiments are provided for improving power efficiency in an outphasing amplifier with a non-isolating combiner. Some embodiments include a circuit comprising a signal decomposer configured to receive an input signal, a non-isolating combiner coupled to the signal decomposer and configured to provide an amplified output signal corresponding to the input signal, a first power amplifiers (PA) on a first branch between the signal decomposer and the non-isolating combiner, a second PA on a second branch between the signal decomposer and the non-isolating combiner, and a switch on the second branch between the signal decomposer and the second PA. The switch is configured to disconnect the second PA from the signal decomposer upon determining that the input signal is in a first condition, and further configured to connect the second PA to the signal decomposer upon determining otherwise. | 09-18-2014 |
20140294060 | Low Power Oversampling With Delay Locked Loop Implementation - In one embodiment, an apparatus including a phase detector unit to determine a phase difference between a reference clock signal and a feedback clock signal. The apparatus further includes a controller unit to generate a delay signal based on the phase difference. The apparatus further includes a set of voltage-controlled delay lines to generate phase outputs based on the delay signal, where the phase outputs are provided by the apparatus to a clock generator unit to generate an oversampled clock signal for data recovery by a receiver. | 10-02-2014 |
20140369400 | Low Power Oversampling With Reduced-Architecture Delay Locked Loop - In one embodiment, an apparatus including a phase detector unit to determine a phase difference between an inverted reference clock signal and a feedback clock signal. The apparatus further includes a controller unit to generate a delay signal based on the phase difference. The apparatus further includes a set of voltage-controlled delay lines to generate phase outputs based on the delay signal, where the phase outputs are provided by the apparatus to a clock generator unit to generate an oversampled clock signal for data recovery by a receiver. | 12-18-2014 |
20150049799 | DIGITAL PULSE WIDTH GENERATOR AND METHOD FOR GENERATING DIGITAL PULSE WIDTH - A digital pulse width generator and a method for generating a digital pulse width are provided. The method for generating a digital pulse width includes the following. Generating a first period according to first set of bits of pulse data. The first period includes an interval. First phase signals are set to a first logic value in the interval and are generated according to first phase clock signals after an end of the interval. Second phase signals are set to the first logic value in the first period and are generated according to second phase clock signals after an end of the first period. Selecting a first signal from the first phase signals and the second phase signals according to second set of bits of the pulse data as a pulse width signal. | 02-19-2015 |
20150055695 | DIGITAL RECEIVER AND METHOD FOR DEMODULATING PULSE-WIDTH MODULATED SIGNALS - The present invention provides a digital receiver configured to demodulate or decode a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal from a transmitter. The receiver digitally demodulates or decodes the pulse-width modulated signal so as to obtain (binary) values of data modulated on pulse periods of the pulse-width modulated signal. The digital receiver includes multiple delay cells coupled to one another in series and a sampling circuit coupled to one of the delay cells. A sequential coupling of the delay cells composes a signal path, and each of the delay cells is designed to provide a corresponding delay to a corresponding input signal propagating along the signal path so as to generate a delayed signal as its output. | 02-26-2015 |
20150055696 | COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A communication system performs communication using a pulse width modulation code as a transmission code. The communication system includes a plurality of nodes that are connected via a transmission line to be capable of communicating with each other. Each of the nodes including a driver circuit. The driver circuit includes a transistor that enables and blocks conduction between the transmission line and a ground line. The plurality of nodes includes a master node and a slave node. The master node is one of the plurality of nodes. The slave node is at least one node other than the master node among the plurality of nodes. The master node includes a limiter that restricts, when the transistor of the driver circuit is turned off, changes in a conductive state of the transistor. | 02-26-2015 |
20150063434 | TRANSPORT OF AN ANALOG SIGNAL ACROSS AN ISOLATION BARRIER - An analog signal is transported across an isolation channel using edge modulation/demodulation of a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal. An edge modulator is responsive to rising edges of the PWM signal to generate first pulses having a first predetermined pulse width and is responsive to receipt of falling edges of the PWM signal to generate second pulses having a second predetermined pulse width with the same polarity as the first pulses. On the opposite side of the isolation channel an edge demodulating circuit recreates the PWM signal using the first and second pulses. The rise and falling edges of the PWM signals can be distinguished based on the pulse width of the first and second pulses. A second order pulse width modulator may be used to generate the PWM signal. | 03-05-2015 |
20150071338 | SWITCHED-MODE HIGH-LINEARITY TRANSMITTER USING PULSE WIDTH MODULATION - A QAM transmitter is disclosed that may reduce the frequency of local clock signals and/or reduce the switching frequency of driver circuits when generating a QAM output signal for transmission. The QAM transmitter may generate a number of PWM signals indicative of in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signal components, and then use one or more selected even-order harmonics of the PWM signals to generate the QAM output signal. Odd-order harmonics of the PWM signals may be suppressed by selectively combining the PWM signals, and any remaining unwanted even-order harmonics may be suppressed using filters. | 03-12-2015 |
20150103877 | ELECTRO-MAGNETIC INTERFERENCE REDUCTION FOR SWITCHED SIGNAL SYSTEMS - In one embodiment, a method receives a pulse width modulation signal. A value that is a function of the pulse width modulation signal is determined. The value is used to modulate a switching frequency of the pulse width modulation signal to generate a modulated pulse width modulation signal. The applied value reduces electro-magnetic interference from tones in the modulated pulse width modulation signal. | 04-16-2015 |
20150117512 | System and Method for Linearizing Power Amplifiers - A power encoder includes an amplitude-phase splitter for splitting an input signal into an envelope signal and a phase modulated signal, and a pre-distortion unit for distorting the envelope signal using a look-up table (LUT) to produce a distorted envelope signal. The power encoder also includes a digital converter for combining the distorted envelope signal with the phase modulated signal to produce a distorted input signal, a pulse width modulator (PWM) for modulating the distorted input signal according to the transformation function to produce a modulated signal, and a switch mode power amplifier for amplifying the modulated signal. The look-up table stores a non-linear mapping of a transformation function and a relationship between the distorted input signal and the modulated signal is non-linear. | 04-30-2015 |
20150146772 | DATA RECEIVER AND FAIL-SAFE CIRCUIT - A data receiver has a reception circuit and a fail-safe circuit. The reception circuit has an input amplifier, a logic signal processing circuit, and a reception stop control circuit. The fail-safe circuit has a high-pass filter, a comparator, and a pulse width extending circuit. The reception circuit receives a serial data of differential input signals based on a predetermined standard, converts the serial data into a serial data of a single-ended output signal, and outputs a converted serial data. The fail-safe circuit detects whether the differential input signals have a nonstandard small amplitude and outputs a fail-safe detection signal indicating a detection result. | 05-28-2015 |
20150146773 | Digital Power Encoder for Direct Digital-RF Transmitter - A transmitter includes a first digital up-converter for converting data to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal, a pulse width modulator (PWM) for encoding the IF signal to an IF pulse train, a second digital up-converter for converting the IF pulse train to a radio frequency (RF) pulse train, a power amplifier for amplifying the RF pulse train; and a filter for reconstructing a RF analog signal from the amplified RF pulse train. | 05-28-2015 |
20150295738 | COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Each of nodes in a communication system includes a pull-up circuit connected between a power source and a transmission line and a switching portion connecting and disconnecting the transmission line and a ground line. One of the nodes is a master node, and the others of the nodes are slave nodes. The driver circuits are driven so that the master node constantly outputs the transmission code of logic 1 and the slave node outputting the transmission code of logic 0 extends the width of the low level of the transmission code of logic 1 on the transmission line. The master node further includes a current limiting section limiting an electric current that flows to the transmission line via the pull-up circuit based on at least a signal level of the transmission line. | 10-15-2015 |
20150312069 | ELECTRICAL APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN A CLOCKED MANNER - The electrical apparatus ( | 10-29-2015 |
20150318982 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR NON-PERSISTENT COMMUNICATION - A method for carrying data on a live host signal, comprising the steps of: varying timing in a host signal in response to data to be encoded, wherein variations in timing are smaller than a sampling period for detection and capture of the digital signal receiving the live host signal; sensing pulse timing variations in the received live host signal by comparison to a reference signal; and determining information in the sensed timing variations. | 11-05-2015 |
20150326414 | Transmission of Pulse Length Modulation Information - The invention refers to switching a physical quantity, wherein the switching is performed by a switching element (SW) according to a control signal received from a control circuit ( | 11-12-2015 |
20150326415 | CONTENTION AVOIDANCE CONTROL DEVICE AND CONTENTION AVOIDANCE CONTROL METHOD FOR PWM OUTPUT AND A/D CONVERSION, AS WELL AS POWER CONTROL SYSTEM - In a contention avoidance control device and a contention avoidance control method for PWM output and A/D conversion, the change timings of PWM outputs are detected, and output of a received A/D conversion trigger to an A/D conversion circuit is inhibited within a predetermined time measured based on the change timings. | 11-12-2015 |
20150333900 | Clock Generating Device and Related Synchronization Method - A clock generating device is disclosed. The clock generating device includes a clock generating unit, for counting a synchronization period of a synchronization signal, generating a first interrupt signal according to the synchronization signal, generating a pulse-width modulation signal according a control signal, counting a phase difference between the synchronization signal and the pulse-width modulation signal, and generating a second interrupt signal according to the pulse-width modulation signal; and a computing unit, for acquiring the synchronization period according to the first interrupt signal, acquiring the phase difference according to the second interrupt signal, and adjusting the control signal according to the synchronization period, a modulation period of the pulse-width modulation signal and the phase difference. | 11-19-2015 |
20160013957 | PULSE WIDTH MODULATION DATA RECOVERY DEVICE AND DRIVING METHOD THEREOF | 01-14-2016 |
20160028565 | System and Method for Linearizing Power Amplifiers - A power encoder includes a pulse width modulator for modulating a signal according to a set of thresholds to produce a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal and a switch mode power amplifier for amplifying the PWM signal by switching states of switching devices according to amplitudes of the PWM signal. At least one or combination of a distribution of values of the voltage thresholds in the set and a distribution of values of a current generated by different switching devices are non-uniform. The set of voltage thresholds includes at least two positive voltage thresholds. | 01-28-2016 |
20160028566 | PULSE GENERATION DEVICE - Provided is a pulse generation device capable of suitably adjusting and outputting a pulse pattern by a simple configuration. A pulse generation device ( | 01-28-2016 |
20160050089 | Edge-Based Communication with a Plurality of Slave Devices - Methods, systems and devices related to bidirectional edge-based pulse width modulation communication systems are disclosed. In some implementations, upon receipt of a predetermined trigger pulse at least two slave devices perform an action. | 02-18-2016 |
20160065399 | EDGE-BASED COMMUNICATION - Methods, devices and systems are disclosed where to generate a pulse a data line is actively driven to a first voltage followed by actively driving the data line to a second voltage. | 03-03-2016 |
20160065964 | Method of Simplified CABAC Coding in 3D Video Coding - A method for reducing the storage requirement or complexity of context-based coding in three-dimensional or multi-view video encoding and decoding is disclosed. The system selects the context based on selected information associated with one or more neighboring blocks of the current block conditionally depending on whether the one or more neighboring blocks are available. The syntax element is then encoded or decoded using context-based coding according to the context selection. The syntax element to be coded may correspond to an IC (illumination compensation) flag or an ARP (advanced residual prediction) flag. In another example, one or more syntax elements for coding a current depth block using DMM (Depth Map Model) are encoded or decoded using context-based coding, where the context-based coding selects a by-pass mode for at least one selected syntax element. | 03-03-2016 |
20160072551 | POWER LINE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A power supply circuit includes a number N, N≧2, of parallel connected, cyclically switched electronic converters having outputs connected to a common output terminal; and a controller providing switching pulse signals switching the converters with a switching frequency that is the same for all converters; load circuits connected to the output terminal; a PLC transmitter modulating an output current from the output terminal; and a PLC receiver in each load circuit, the controller switching the converters with interleaved switching pulse signals; the PLC transmitter modulating the output current by switching the controller between at least two modes of operation that differ in phase relations and/or pulse shapes of the switching pulse signals, changing a ripple frequency spectrum of the output current such that a suppression amount of a predetermined frequency component is changed depending upon the mode of operation; and the PLC receiver detects the predetermined frequency component. | 03-10-2016 |
20160094370 | COMMUNICATION DEVICES - Devices, systems and methods are provided where a request may be transmitted based on a first encoding scheme, and a response to the request may be transmitted based on a second encoding scheme different from the first encoding scheme. The second encoding scheme may comprise an edge-based pulse width modulation encoding scheme. | 03-31-2016 |
20160119168 | COMMUNICATING THROUGH PHYSICAL VIBRATION - A data transmitter includes a vibration motor and a switch to regulate voltage from a direct-current (DC) power supply to the vibration motor. A microcontroller generates a pulse width modulation signal with which to drive the switch and regulate the voltage to the vibration motor in a sinusoidal manner, to generate data as symbols from vibrations that form a series of bits from the vibration motor. The microcontroller may also cancel and jam a sound of vibration (SoV) created by the vibration motor. A data receiver includes a vibration sensor to sample data from vibrations in an incoming signal at a predetermined sampling rate, and a microcontroller, coupled to the vibration sensor, to control the sampling rate through an inter-integrated circuit (I2C) protocol or the like. A memory card, coupled to the microcontroller, stores the data with a serial peripheral interface (SPI) protocol or the like. | 04-28-2016 |
20160134446 | System and Method for Linearizing Power Amplifiers - A power encoder includes a pulse width modulator for modulating a signal according to a set of thresholds to produce a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal and a switch mode power amplifier for amplifying the PWM signal by switching states of switching devices according to amplitudes of the PWM signal. At least one or combination of a distribution of values of the voltage thresholds in the set and a distribution of values of a current generated by different switching devices are non-uniform. The set of voltage thresholds includes at least two positive voltage thresholds. | 05-12-2016 |
20160142071 | RECEIVER, TRANSMITTER, METHOD FOR DETERMINING A VALUE ENCODED IN A PWM SIGNAL, AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING A VALUE ENCODED IN A PWM SIGNAL - A receiver includes a receiver circuit to receive a pulse width modulated signal, which assumes a first signal level, a second signal level and an intermediate signal level between the first signal level and the second signal level. The receiver further includes a quantization circuit to determine a value encoded in the signal based on an intermediate time period between a first transition and an intermediate transition and based on a main time period between the first transition and a second transition. The first transition comprises the first signal level, wherein the intermediate transition includes the intermediate signal level. The second transition includes the second signal level. | 05-19-2016 |
20160142230 | POWER-EFFICIENT DIGITAL WIRELESS TRANSMITTER AND METHOD OF OPERATION THEREOF - A digital wireless transmitter and a method of transmitting a high-power modulated RF signal using a digital wireless transmitter. In one embodiment, the transmitter includes: (1) a digital system-on-a-chip configured to receive a complex digital input signal and having: (1a) an all-digital phase-locked loop and digital pulse modulator configured to modulate a phase and frequency modulation signal based on the complex digital input signal to yield a modulated complex signal, (1b) a driver configured to generate a pulse-position-modulated and pulse-width-modulated pulse train based on an instantaneous phase and amplitude of the modulated complex signal and (1c) a power supply modulation control block configured to develop an amplitude modulation control signal based on the complex digital input signal that defines a non-constant-envelope for an output signal of the transmitter. The all-digital phase-locked loop and digital pulse modulator and the power supply modulation control block respectively provide separate pulse-width modulation and power supply modulation functions that combine to yield a desired envelope for the output signal. | 05-19-2016 |
20160149733 | CONTROL ARCHITECTURE FOR DEVICES IN AN RF ENVIRONMENT - A system includes a processing device to generate a command, the command having a first format that is transmissible over a conductive communication link. The system further includes a first converter, coupled to the processing device, to receive the command and convert the command into a second format that is transmissible over a non-conductive communication link. The system further includes a second converter, configured to operate in a destructive radio frequency (RF) environment, to receive the command and convert the command back to the format that is transmissible over a conductive communication link and to subsequently transmit the command to a pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit. The PWM circuit is coupled to the second converter and configured to operate in the destructive RF environment, to adjust a setting used to control one or more elements that are to operate in the destructive RF environment based on the command. | 05-26-2016 |
20160380717 | DATA COMMUNICATION USING BANDWIDTH MODULATION - Methods and apparatus to determine a level of inherent jitter for signals from a transmitter and a receiver, and modulate information onto a signal transmitted by the transmitter by using spot jitter (with bandwidth and center frequency modulation) and/or pulse width jitter in a region outside of a data region with inherent jitter to carry communication between systems. | 12-29-2016 |