| Class / Patent application number | Description | Number of patent applications / Date published |
|---|
| 360081000 | RECORD TRANSPORT WITH HEAD MOVING DURING TRANSDUCING | 41 |
| 20090310252 | INFORMATION STORING APPARATUS - A disclosed information storing apparatus includes a rotatably-mounted memory medium; a carriage arm having a head at its tip; a flow rectifying wall configured to lead a partial airflow of a rotational airflow flowing in a rotation direction of the memory medium and rectify the partial airflow, and including an inflow opening from which the partial airflow flows into the inner path of the flow rectifying wall and an outflow opening from which the partial airflow having passed through the inner path flows out; and a circulation filter. The inflow opening and outflow opening are disposed on an upstream side and a downstream side, respectively, of the rotational airflow with respect to the carriage arm. The circulation filter is disposed in such a position that the led partial airflow flows into the circulation filter in a direction opposite to the flow direction of the rotational airflow. | 12-17-2009 |
| 360082000 | Belt record | 1 |
| 20140029134 | TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR TRANSPORTING MAGNETIC TAPE - A transport system for transporting magnetic tape includes at least one roller for guiding the magnetic tape having at least one electrode, wherein the at least one electrode is configured to be charged triboelectrically so as to produce a force of attraction between the magnetic tape and the at least one electrode. | 01-30-2014 |
| 360083000 | Tape record | 18 |
| 20080266707 | Flexible circuit - Various embodiments are disclosed for a flexible circuit. In one embodiment, the flexible circuit bends on a curved surface to form a partial loop. | 10-30-2008 |
| 20080278845 | Magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus - A magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus includes a rotating drum unit for recording data to a magnetic tape of a tape cassette or reproducing data recorded to the magnetic tape, a tape guiding member for pulling the magnetic tape out from the tape cassette for forming a tape path, a tape loading member for winding the magnetic tape around the rotating drum unit. The magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus further includes a tape guide moving mechanism having a driving force transmitting member configured to transmit a driving force, a supporting base configured to support the tape guiding member, a first arm member having one end rotatably connected to the supporting base via a first connecting pin, and a second arm member configured to connect the first arm part and the driving force transmitting part and configured to rotatably connect to the other end of the first arm member via a second connecting pin. | 11-13-2008 |
| 20090002878 | Method of Producing a Magnetic Recording Medium - The present invention is characterized by the fact that a non-magnetic substrate | 01-01-2009 |
| 20100110582 | MULTI-CHANNEL THIN-FILM MAGNETIC HEAD AND MAGNETIC TAPE DRIVE APPARATUS WITH THE MULTI-CHANNEL THIN-FILM MAGNETIC HEAD - A multi-channel thin-film magnetic head includes a substrate, a plurality of MR read head elements, a plurality of first resistive elements, and a plurality of second resistive elements. Each MR read head element includes a lower magnetic shield layer, an upper magnetic shield layer, and an MR layer arranged between the lower magnetic shield layer and the upper magnetic shield layer. Each first resistive element has a first resistance value. One ends of the plurality of first resistive elements are connected to the lower magnetic shield layers or the upper magnetic shield layers of the plurality of MR read head elements, respectively. Each second resistive element has a second resistance value that is higher than the first resistance value. One ends of the plurality of second resistive elements are commonly connected to the other ends of the plurality of first resistive elements. The other ends of the plurality of second resistive elements are grounded. | 05-06-2010 |
| 20100149685 | MULTI-CHANNEL THIN-FILM MAGNETIC HEAD, MAGNETIC TAPE DRIVE APPARATUS WITH THE MULTI-CHANNEL THIN-FILM MAGNETIC HEAD AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF MULTI-CHANNEL THIN-FILM MAGNETIC HEAD - A multi-channel thin-film magnetic head includes a substrate, a plurality of thin-film magnetic head elements formed on the substrate, a closure fixed onto the plurality of thin-film magnetic head elements, a protection film laminated on a whole area of a TBS of the plurality of thin-film magnetic head elements and the closure, and many micro-grooves formed in a surface of the protection film. | 06-17-2010 |
| 20110063752 | SENSOR POSITION ADJUSTMENT WITH MEDIA VELOCITY RELATIVE SAMPLE TIMING - A system and method for positioning a sensor relative to a storage medium. A system includes a first sensor and a second sensor arranged so that a point of a storage medium traverses each sensor at a different time. A processor is coupled to the sensors. The processor varies the timing of a sample representing a noise signal received from the sensors in accordance with medium velocity. The processor adjusts the position of the sensors based on the sample. | 03-17-2011 |
| 20140362465 | ELECTRICALLY ISOLATED TAPE GUIDE - An electrically isolated tape guide that includes a tape roller having spaced apart flanges extending out from the tape roller for passing magnetic tape between the flanges, and an electrically non-conductive pin having a first end coupled to a center opening of the tape roller to allow the tape roller to rotate about the pin and a second end for coupling to a chassis of a tape drive. | 12-11-2014 |
| 360084000 | Rotating head | 11 |
| 20100079907 | Tape Drive With Variable Wrap Reversal Location - A system and method for reducing tape wear in a magnetic tape system. A tape drive comprises a wrap reverse location controller. The wrap reverse location controller determines a magnetic tape reversal location. The tape drive reverses the direction of the magnetic tape at the reversal location. The wrap reverse location controller determines the tape reversal location by varying, relative to the tape heads, the longitudinal tape location at which tape direction reversals are performed at each end of the tape. | 04-01-2010 |
| 20120154950 | TAPE DRIVE - A tape drive comprising a head configured to read data from a tape and to write data to the tape, a pair of flanged guide rollers arranged one on either side of the head to guide the tape longitudinally over the head, and a flangeless inertial roller arranged between a flanged guide roller and the head to add inertia to the tape so as to limit speed and movement of the tape as it passes over the head. | 06-21-2012 |
| 20140049855 | HEAD ROTATOR ASSEMBLY FOR TAPE DRIVE - A head rotator assembly ( | 02-20-2014 |
| 20150077880 | MINISKIRT TAPE HEAD HAVING QUASI-STATICALLY TILTED TRANSDUCER ARRAYS - In one general embodiment, an apparatus includes a magnetic head. The magnetic head has a first portion and a second portion, the first portion and the second portion together providing a tape bearing surface. The first portion has an opening at least partially encircling the second portion. The second portion has at least one array of transducers. A longitudinal axis of each of the at least one array is defined between opposite ends thereof. The longitudinal axis of each of the at least one array of transducers is oriented at an angle relative to a line oriented orthogonally to the intended direction of tape travel thereacross, the angle being between 0.2° and about 10°. | 03-19-2015 |
| 360085000 | Tape in container | 7 |
| 20080198504 | DATA TRANSFER APPARATUS FOR USE WITH TAPE CARTRIDGES AND TAPE CARTRIDGES FOR USE WITH SUCH DATA TRANSFER APPARATUS - A tape cartridge includes a housing and a tape reel that is rotatable about an axis of rotation. The tape reel is adapted to cooperably engage a reel drive member of a data transfer apparatus that, in use, applies a drive torque to the tape reel to rotate the tape reel about the axis of rotation. The cooperable engagement of the tape reel and reel drive member is such as to secure the tape reel to the reel drive member to at least substantially prevent tipping of the tape reel with respect to the reel drive member. | 08-21-2008 |
| 20080204927 | MAGNETIC RECORDING/REPRODUCING APPARATUS - The present invention provides a magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus including two chassis, i.e., a main chassis on which a cylinder is disposed and a sub chassis on which a cassette can be mounted. A T3 post arm is pivotally attached to the sub chassis. A groove portion capable of positioning of the T3 post arm is formed in the sub chassis. During a mid-load period until a loaded position is reached, the T3 post arm pivots to a given extent on the sub chassis to pull out the magnetic tape and is positioned by engagement of the positioning portion with the groove portion. With this configuration, it is possible to provide a magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus that makes it difficult for the tape to be damaged while having a lightweight and simple structure. | 08-28-2008 |
| 20080273259 | MAGNETIC TAPE CARTRIDGE AND MAGNETIC RECORDING AND REPRODUCING APPARATUS - A magnetic tape cartridge includes a cartridge case, a pair of cylindrical hubs rotatably provided in the cartridge case, and a magnetic tape laid between the hubs and wound around outer peripheries of the hubs. Each of the hubs has an inner diameter portion provided with a height-position determining member. The height-position determining member determines a height position of the hub in the magnetic tape cartridge by contacting a driving shaft inserted in the hub when the magnetic tape cartridge is mounted in a magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus. | 11-06-2008 |
| 20080278846 | High friction rotating guide and magnetic tape system - A magnetic tape system comprises a magnetic tape, a magnetic head, a set of guides arranged to guide the magnetic tape along a tape path over the magnetic head, a first resistance mechanism, and a second resistance mechanism. The set of guides comprises a first rotatable guide positioned before the magnetic head along the tape path and including a first flyable tape path surface, and a second rotatable guide positioned after the magnetic head along the tape path and including a second flyable tape path surface. The first and second resistance mechanisms resist rotation of the first and seconds guides, respectively. | 11-13-2008 |
| 20090262453 | CARRIER TAPE HAVING LOCALIZED ADHESIVE IN CAVITY REGIONS - A carrier tape ( | 10-22-2009 |
| 20100195245 | STORAGE APPARATUS, MAINTENANCE METHOD OF STORAGE APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUM HAVING MAINTENANCE PROGRAM OF STORAGE APPARATUS - A storage apparatus includes at least one device insertion section, at least one robot, a replacement detection section, a first determination section, and a movement section. A device can be inserted into the device insertion section. The robot has a moving mechanism. The replacement detection section detects a start of the replacement of the device. When it is detected by the replacement detection section that the replacement of the device is started, the first determination section determines a position of the device insertion section at which the device is replaced. The movement section moves the robot so as to close an opening formed by removal of the device from the device insertion section based on the determination result of the first determination section. | 08-05-2010 |
| 20160049166 | MINISKIRT TAPE HEAD HAVING QUASI-STATICALLY TILTED TRANSDUCER ARRAYS - In one general embodiment, an apparatus includes a magnetic head. The magnetic head has a first portion and a second portion, the first portion and the second portion together providing a tape bearing surface. The first portion has an opening at least partially encircling the second portion. The second portion has two modules, each module having at least one array of transducers. Each module has a first outermost edge oriented orthogonally to an intended direction of tape travel thereacross, and a second outermost edge opposite the first edge, the second edge being oriented at an angle between 0.2° and about 10° relative to a line oriented orthogonally to the intended direction of tape travel thereacross. | 02-18-2016 |
| 360086000 | Disk record | 21 |
| 20080273260 | Method and apparatus for detecting proximity contact between a transducer and a medium - A method and apparatus are provided for positioning a transducer relative to a track of a data storage medium and inducing lateral modulation of transducer the relative to the track. An element of the transducer is actuated toward the storage medium during the lateral modulation, and atomic interaction is detected between the element and the storage medium because of a change in a response to the lateral modulation of the transducer due to the atomic interaction. | 11-06-2008 |
| 20080304176 | Magnetic recording head and magnetic recording apparatus - A magnetic recording head includes a recording magnetic pole, and a spin oscillation device including a first magnetic layer having at least one magnetic material layer, a second magnetic layer having at least one magnetic material layer, and a first nonmagnetic layer provided between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer. The first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer are antiferromagnetically coupled and/or magnetostatically coupled to each other. The first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer are laminated in a direction generally parallel to a medium facing surface and generally parallel to a side surface of the recording magnetic pole intersecting with the medium facing surface. | 12-11-2008 |
| 20090009906 | Transducer Assembly and Data Storage Device Including the Transducer Assembly - An apparatus includes a storage medium, a transducer positioned adjacent to the storage medium and along an axis, and first and second support members connected to the transducer at positions that are spaced apart in the direction of the axis. | 01-08-2009 |
| 20090128951 | ELECTRONIC INFORMATION STORAGE APPARATUS WITH NON-LUBRICATED MEDIA - Described herein are various embodiments of an electronic information storage apparatus and an associated method and system. For example, according to one illustrative embodiment, a disk drive comprises a base and at least one disk that are rotatably attached to the base. The at least one disk can include a burnished and lubricant-free outer surface. The disk drive can also include an actuator coupled to the base. The actuator can comprise a read/write head that is positionable in a reading/writing relationship with the at least one disk to define a lubricant-free space intermediate the read/write head and the outer surface. The disk drive can further include a read/write head loading and unloading ramp that is attached to the base. The ramp can include a ramp surface that is positioned proximate a periphery of the at least one disk. | 05-21-2009 |
| 20090195919 | METHOD OF FABRICATING A SUSPENSION - In a method of fabricating a suspension, a suspension has first and second opposing surfaces and includes a flexure, a load beam, a mounting arm, and traces. The flexure is coupled to a proximal end of the load beam, and the mounting arm is coupled to a distal end of the load beam. The traces are coupled to the flexure. A suspension property to be altered is identified. A value of the unaltered suspension property is measured. An altered value of the suspension property is determined. The flexure, the load beam, or the mounting arm of the suspension, or a combination thereof, is coated with at least one layer of at least one film to alter the identified suspension property from the measured value to the predetermined altered value. | 08-06-2009 |
| 20090316298 | MAGNETIC DISK DEVICE AND HEAD SLIDER - A head slider suppresses variation in a floating amount of the head slider, floating over a discrete medium, even when the floating amount is small. Among a plurality of pads of the head slider, the shape of the pad provided on the outflow end portion is formed of a wedge shape having a width narrowing toward the air outflow end. Thus, the pressure distribution can be improved, and the air pressure can be averaged. Accordingly, it becomes possible to suppress the variation in the floating amount caused by the discrete medium groove, enabling stable floatation. Moreover, because the stable floatation with a small floating amount can be attained, high-density recording/reproduction can be achieved with accuracy. | 12-24-2009 |
| 20100020437 | SINGLE-PASS RECORDING OF MULTILEVEL PATTERNED MEDIA - A method of performing data/information recording and retrieval utilizing a multilevel patterned magnetic medium, comprises providing a magnetic recording system including a read/write head and a multilevel patterned magnetic recording medium including a plurality of spaced apart data/information storage elements each comprising a stacked plurality n of magnetic recording cells with different magnetic properties and magnetically decoupled from overlying and/or underlying cells; providing relative movement between the write head and magnetic recording medium; and writing to the medium by supplying the write head with a modulated write current comprising a plurality n of pulses of different magnitudes while the head passes over each element, thereby applying n different magnetic field strengths to each element, the write current including a first pulse of magnitude sufficient to write to a first cell of each element having a highest magnetic coercivity of said cells, and n−1 succeeding pulses of progressively smaller magnitude for sequentially writing to the remaining n−1 lower magnetic coercivity cells of each element but of insufficient magnitude to write to progressively higher magnetic coercivity cells, such that the writing occurs in a single pass of the write head over each element. | 01-28-2010 |
| 20100208386 | PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIUM WITH ANTI-FERROMAGNETICALLY COUPLED MAGNETIC LAYERS AND MAGNETIC STORAGE APPARATUS - A disk for a hard disk drive. The disk includes a recording layer that is supported by a substrate and a stabilization layer that is anti-ferromagnetically coupled to the recording layer. Because the recording and stabilization layers are anti-ferromagnetically coupled the net magnetization is the difference in magnetization of the two layers. The stabilization layer has a Curie temperature that is lower than a Curie temperature of the recording layer. As temperature increases the magnetization properties of the stabilization layer will have a greater change than the same properties of the recording layer. The net magnetization, coercively and nucleation field of the recording and stabilization layers can be designed to vary less with increasing temperature than disk of the prior art. | 08-19-2010 |
| 20100321820 | Nano-lithography with rotating target and servo-positioned tip - The preferred embodiments of the present invention are devices and processes for producing high resolution lithography or pattern formation on the nanometer scale, using a voltage-biased probe that is slider-mounted along with, or separate from but linked to, a magnetic read head within a HDD mechanism. The probe is guided and positioned over a target layer by the motion of the read head which is, itself, guided by signals from servo tracks on a magnetic layer that activate an electromechanical servomechanism within the HDD. An electric field produced by the probe is capable of modifying the surface of the target layer over which the probe flies either directly, or by current induced or thermally induced effects. Targets such as amorphous or crystalline silicon can be hydrogen passivated and the electric field will produce oxidized or anodized lines with nanometer resolution. | 12-23-2010 |
| 20110310508 | MAGNETIC RECORDING/REPRODUCING APPARATUS, METHOD OF CONTROLLING SAME, METHOD OF INSPECTING MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIUM, AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIUM - A method for moving magnetic heads in a magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus, which comprises the steps of writing high-frequency signals in the magnetic recording/reproducing tracks; and then, either (i) conducting DC erasing or AC erasing to inspect extra pulse signals reproduced from the erased tracks, or (ii) inspecting concurrently occurring signals of missing pulse and spike pulse, which are reproduced from the written signals, whereby minute protrusions on a surface of the tracks were detected. Reading and writing of information are conducted while the magnetic heads are moved in a manner controlled so that reading and writing of information in specific tracks having defects is avoided. This method enhances reliability and life of the magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus. | 12-22-2011 |
| 20120087038 | PARTIAL RIBS IN DISK BASE TO STIFFEN A HARD DISK DRIVE - A hard disk drive and a disk base are disclosed with the disk base including a first face configured to form a disk cavity for the spindle motor, disk(s) and a voice coil motor and a second face configured to couple with a controller Printed Circuit Board (PCB) including at least one integrated circuit. Both faces are include a hub for mounting the spindle motor and surrounded by an outer wall. The first face and/or the second face include at least one partial rib extending from the hub or the outer wall partway to the other. The partial ribs are configured to position the integrated circuit and stiffen the disk base and hard disk drive from mechanical shocks, such as dropping the unit including the hard disk drive. A handheld device is disclosed including at least one of the disclosed hard disk drives with improved reliability to mechanical shocks. | 04-12-2012 |
| 20120200956 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIUM, AND MAGNETIC RECORDING AND REPRODUCING DEVICE - A method for producing a magnetic recording medium which includes: forming a magnetic layer on a non-magnetic substrate; forming a dissolution layer on the magnetic layer; forming a mask layer on the dissolution layer; patterning the dissolution layer and the mask layer so as to have a pattern corresponding to a magnetic recording pattern; partially modifying or removing a part of the magnetic layer and the mask layer not covered with the dissolution layer; and dissolving the dissolution layer and removing the dissolution layer together with the mask layer which is on the dissolution layer from the surface of the magnetic layer. The dissolution layer is formed by coating a solution containing an organic silicon compound dissolved in an organic solvent on the magnetic layer, and solidifying the coated chemical solution in the step in which the dissolution layer is formed on the magnetic layer. | 08-09-2012 |
| 20120206834 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIUM AND MAGNETIC RECORDING REPLAYING DEVICE - A production method of a magnetic recording medium of the present invention includes: a step of forming a magnetic layer ( | 08-16-2012 |
| 20130222945 | ROTATING MEMBER ASSEMBLY AND SPINDLE MOTOR INCLUDING THE SAME - There are provided a rotating member assembly and a spindle motor including the same. The rotating member assembly includes: a rotating member including a shaft and a hub fixed to an upper portion of the shaft, wherein perpendicularity of the hub with regard to the shaft at a position spaced apart from the center of rotation of the shaft in an outer diameter direction by an axial length or more for which the shaft is fitted into the sleeve is less than double a distance of a gap of a bearing clearance formed by fitting the shaft into the sleeve. | 08-29-2013 |
| 20130279042 | THIN FILM PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, MICRO-ACTUATOR, HEAD GIMBAL ASSEMBLY AND DISK DRIVE UNIT WITH THE SAME - A thin film piezoelectric element of the present invention includes a substrate and a piezoelectric thin film stack formed on the substrate. The piezoelectric thin film stack includes a top electrode layer, a bottom electrode layer and a piezoelectric layer sandwiched between the top electrode layer and the bottom electrode layer, wherein the piezoelectric layer includes a first piezoelectric layer and a second piezoelectric layer whose compositions have different phase structures. The present invention can obtain high piezoelectric constants, enhanced coercive field strength and good thermal stability, thereby enabling larger applied field strength without depolarization and achieving a large stroke for its applied device. | 10-24-2013 |
| 20130314817 | MAGNETIC HEAD POSITIONING AND DRIVING DEVICE - In a positioning and driving system including a rotating magnetic disk, a magnetic head slider that floats above the surface of the magnetic disk and writes data to and reads data from a track provided on the magnetic disk, an actuator that positions the magnetic head slider in a radial direction of the magnetic disk, and an amplifier that supplies electrical power to the actuator in accordance with the input signal and performs a driving operation, provided is the configuration of an electrothermal actuator driving system that obtains continuous displacement over the entire required operating range with respect to changes in an input voltage by using only one amplifier and that is incorporated into a feedback control system and is suitable for high-speed and high-precision positioning. | 11-28-2013 |
| 20140078615 | SPINDLE MOTOR AND HARD DISK DRIVE INCLUDING THE SAME - There are provided a spindle motor and a hard disk drive including the same, the spindle motor including a lower thrust member fixed to abase member; a shaft fixed to the lower thrust member; a sleeve disposed on the lower thrust member and rotatably installed with respect to the shaft; and a rotor hub coupled to the sleeve to rotate in conjunction therewith, wherein the lower thrust member has an insertion protrusion protruding upwardly in an axial direction and inserted into a fixing groove formed in a lower end of the shaft upwardly in the axial direction. | 03-20-2014 |
| 20140098440 | CO-LOCATED GIMBAL-BASED DUAL STAGE ACTUATION DISK DRIVE SUSPENSIONS WITH DAMPERS - Various embodiments concern a gimbaled flexure having a dual stage actuation structure comprising flexure which comprises a gimbal. The gimbal comprises at least one spring arm and a tongue connected to the at least one spring arm. The dual stage actuation structure further comprises a motor mounted on the gimbal, the motor comprising a top side and a bottom side opposite the top side, the bottom side of the motor facing the flexure. The dual stage actuation structure further comprises a damper located between the motor and the flexure, the damper contacting the tongue and the bottom side of the motor. The damper comprises one or both of elastic and viscoelastic material. Various other features of a dual stage actuation structure are provided. | 04-10-2014 |
| 20140118858 | MEMORY DISK DRIVE DEVICE AND RESIN COMPONENT THEREFOR - The invention provides a resin component used within a memory disk drive device and a highly reliable memory disk drive device using the resin component, the resin component having excellent flame resistance and minimal outgas. A resin component used inside a memory disk drive device ( | 05-01-2014 |
| 20140160594 | SPINDLE MOTOR AND HARD DISK DRIVE INCLUDING THE SAME - There is provided a spindle motor including: a shaft including a body portion having a fixing recess formed on a lower portion thereof, a flange portion extending in an outer radial direction from an upper portion of the body portion, and a first insertion portion extending downwardly from the flange portion in an axial direction; a lower thrust member including a fixed portion inserted into the fixing recess, a disk portion extending from the fixed portion in an outer radial direction, and first and second protrusion portions extending from the disk portion in the axial direction; a base member coupled to the second protrusion portion; and a rotating member forming a bearing clearance with the shaft and provided to be rotatable with respect to the shaft. | 06-12-2014 |
| 20140300992 | MOTOR DRIVE DEVICE, MAGNETIC DISK STORAGE DEVICE, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE - A motor drive device has a spindle motor driver adapted to receive electric power from a power supply line to drive a spindle motor; an isolation switch adapted to connect and disconnect an application terminal of a power supply voltage to and from the power supply line, and a current monitor adapted to monitor a first current flowing into the isolation switch. The current monitor includes a mirror switch arranged to connect a first terminal of the mirror switch to the application terminal of the power supply voltage and adapted to be turned on and off by the same control signal as the isolation switch; a bias generator adapted to bias a second terminal of the mirror switch to the same voltage as the power supply line; a resistor which converts a second current flowing into the mirror switch into a first voltage; and a current limit signal generator adapted to compare at least one of the first voltage, a second voltage obtained by level-shifting the first voltage, and a third voltage obtained by dividing the first voltage with a predetermined threshold voltage to generate a current limit signal. | 10-09-2014 |
