Class / Patent application number | Description | Number of patent applications / Date published |
128204170 | Means for heating respiratory gas or respiration device | 56 |
20080251073 | Ventilation Tubes - A ventilation tube ( | 10-16-2008 |
20080257346 | Acoustic attenuation chamber - A silencer for a CPAP device comprises a housing assembly defining a flow path passing therethrough and including at least one of an inlet chamber, an acoustic chamber and a blower chamber. Each of the chambers has an inlet and an outlet for fluid communication therebetween. The silencer includes a combination of reactive components, resonators and dissipative elements disposed within the inlet, acoustic and blower chambers. The reactive component may be configured as a compliant-walled reactive tube. The resonator may be configured as a perforated plate defining a cavity volume. The dissipative element may comprise porous material substantially occupying the cavity volume bounded by the perforated plate in the chamber walls. | 10-23-2008 |
20080289631 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR RESPIRATORY TRACT THERAPY - An apparatus is provided for delivering heated and humidified air to the respiratory tract of a human patient for respiratory tract therapy and treatment. The apparatus includes a supply unit and a delivery tube that can be releasably connected to the supply unit. Methods of respiratory tract therapy and treatment are also provided. | 11-27-2008 |
20090007911 | Pulmonary Rehabilitation Providing Respiratory Assistance by Application of Positive Airway Pressure - A system for pulmonary rehabilitation by the application of positive airway pressure, characterized in that the system comprises a source of pressurized air, a source of pressurized oxygen, control arrangement for enabling a control of the sources of pressurized air and pressurized oxygen, a source of sterile water, a source of heat, and an output arrangement for providing pressurized and heated air and oxygen to a patient. The system can be rendered portable by use of a mobile casing. Means can be provided for enabling an automatic following of a patient by the casing. | 01-08-2009 |
20090020118 | Patient Delivery Tube for Humidified Oxygen - A patient delivery tube for the delivery of a heated, humidified gas. The patient delivery tube includes an elongated tubing member molded from a flexible polymer, said elongated tubing member comprising a first end, a second end and an axially aligned passageway extending therethrough and an electric heater comprising a conductive material, said electric heater arranged along said axially aligned passageway for perimetrically heating said axially aligned passageway. A method of delivering a heated, humidified gas to a patient is also provided. | 01-22-2009 |
20090025723 | Nasal cannula - The invention relates to a nasal cannula for an anti-snoring apparatus, comprising a forked tube pneumatically connected to apertures, which are embodied and positioned in such a way that air can be administered into the nose of a user via these apertures. The nasal cannula further comprises a heating wire extending in the interior of forked tube in such a way that the heating wire can heat the air supplied through the forked tube. The invention moreover relates to a nosepiece and to a Y-shaped element for nasal cannula including internal radius steps at tube connection points. The invention further relates to a nosepiece and to a Y-shaped element having rounded off transition regions. The invention finally relates to a method for avoiding condensation in nasal cannulas. To this end, the gas is heated as it flows through the tubes of a nasal cannula. | 01-29-2009 |
20090038615 | BREATHING APPARATUS - A breathing apparatus and a method of reducing condensation within a breathing apparatus. The apparatus ( | 02-12-2009 |
20090056717 | NOSE CANNULA HEATED/HUMIDIFIED GAS DELIVERY SYSTEM - A low flow heated/humidified respiratory gas delivery system, especially useful for low flow rates as preferred in the treatment of neonate and other such patients, wherein the respiratory gas is heated and humidified as desired for delivery to the patient and the temperature is monitored at the point of delivery to the patient. | 03-05-2009 |
20090071478 | VENTILATOR - A ventilator to replace or supplement a patient's breathing includes a control valve in the form of a proportional obstacle valve (POV) to provide improved air flow control and ventilator operation reliability. The POV includes an inlet, an outlet and a bypass. A stopcock controlled by a stepper motor directs the flow of air through the bypass and outlet permitting the turbine to operate a constant RPM yet allowing control of the airflow to a patient. The ventilator also includes inhalation and exhalation valve assemblies which improve air flow control and are easy to manufacture. The inhalation valve includes an orifice disk to allow pressure sensors to move accurately measure air flow. The exhalation valve assembly includes wings to reduce turbulence and enhance sensor accuracy. The exhalation valve assembly is arranged to have warm air from cooling the turbine blow over the assembly to reduce the possibility of condensation forming therein. The ventilator also includes an improved power supply with redundant sources of power. | 03-19-2009 |
20090071479 | MEDICAL VENTILATOR WITH COMPRESSOR HEATED EXHALATION FILTER - A medical ventilator includes a pressure generator for increasing a pressure of gas that produces heat during the operation thereof. A heat sink spaced from the pressure generator is provided for absorbing heat from the pressure generator. A bacteria filter requiring heating in excess of an ambient temperature for the effective operation thereof is coupled in thermal communication with the heat sink. A heat pipe is coupled in thermal communication with the heat sink and the pressure generator for conveying at least part of heat produced by the pressure generator to the bacteria filter via the heat sink. | 03-19-2009 |
20090107496 | RAINOUT REDUCTION IN A BREATHING CIRCUIT - A breathing circuit includes inspiratory and expiratory limbs, each having a respective electrically energizable heating circuit. The heating circuits are independently and selectively electrically energized through separate power circuits such as to control the temperature in each limb in a desired fashion so as to reduce rainout in the breathing circuit and particularly in the expiratory limb. | 04-30-2009 |
20090145435 | BREATHING ASSISTANCE APPARATUS - A nasal cannula assembly is disclosed having a face mount part, in use resting against a user's face, which includes at least one nasal prong capable of being fitted into a person's nares. The cannula assembly also includes a manifold part, in fluid communication with the face mount part, having a single horizontal side gases entry. In particular, this cannula assembly is for supplying heated, humidified gases to a patient suffering from COPD. A tie or lanyard is disclosed for use with a breathing assistance apparatus such as a nasal cannula, face or nasal mask or tracheostomy connector. The tie or lanyard transfers the weight of the conduits supplying gases to the breathing assistance apparatus from the breathing assistance apparatus and distributes it onto the neck of the patient. | 06-11-2009 |
20090165792 | ANTI-CONDENSATION DEVICE FOR CATHETERS - An anti-condensation arrangement ( | 07-02-2009 |
20090165793 | Rapid Opening Packaging System For Airway Devices - The present invention relates to a packaging system for airway devices that permits their rapid access. In particular, the packaging system is capable of maintaining the device in storage under sterile conditions, yet be capable of facilitating rapid unpackaging and use. | 07-02-2009 |
20090165794 | REACTIVE MEDICAL DEVICES - A tracheal tube comprising a nematic polymer or nematic elastomer, wherein an outer diameter of the tracheal tube changes in size in response to exposure of the tracheal tube to light or heat. | 07-02-2009 |
20090205659 | DEVICE FOR DETECTING RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN A RESPIRATORY CIRCUIT - A device for detecting the relative humidity in a respiratory circuit is provided which includes a housing closed towards the outside by a transparent element, and towards the inside by a membrane permeable to the humidified gas passing through the equipment to which the device is applied and wherein the housing includes a humidity indicator element. | 08-20-2009 |
20090211579 | METHOD OF CONVEYING BREATHING GASES TO OR FROM A PATIENT - A method of conveying humid breathing gases from a patient through a breathable breathing tube. The breathing tube includes a heater associated, at least in part, with a portion of hydrophilic material. The purpose of the heater is to evaporate any condensed liquid collecting in the conduit, which is first sucked tip by the hydrophilic material. The heated wick reduces the risk of collected water being passed to the patient and causing choking fits or discomfit. It is preferred that the heated wick lies freely in the conduit to settle at low points in the conduit where condensation may collect. | 08-27-2009 |
20100012121 | Patient Delivery Tube for Humidified Oxygen - A patient delivery tube for the delivery of a heated, humidified gas. The patient delivery tube includes an elongated tubing member molded from a flexible polymer, said elongated tubing member comprising a first end, a second end and an axially aligned passageway extending therethrough and an electric heater comprising a conductive material, said electric heater arranged along said axially aligned passageway for perimetrically heating said axially aligned passageway. A method of delivering a heated, humidified gas to a patient is also provided. | 01-21-2010 |
20100043793 | RESPIRATOR WITH A BREATHING TUBE SYSTEM - A breathing tube system for connection to a respirator ( | 02-25-2010 |
20100065052 | Heating Units - A heating unit comprises a substrate having a first surface and a second surface. A chemical reactant material capable of undergoing an exothermic reaction is disposed on at least a portion of the first surface of the substrate. An igniter is in proximity with the chemical reactant material. A layer of adhesive material overlays at least a portion of at least one of the chemical reactant material and the first surface of the substrate. Other embodiments of the heating unit include a first and a second substrate, each having first and second surfaces positioned with the first surfaces opposing each other in a sandwich construction. A chemical reactant material is disposed on at least a portion of the first surface of at least one of the substrates. The first and the second substrates are sealed together to define a cavity containing the chemical reactant material and an igniter is provided in proximity with the chemical reactant material. | 03-18-2010 |
20100116272 | Cuff for air delivery conduit - A cuff for an air delivery conduit includes a first end portion provided to a tube and a second end portion adapted to engage a tubular connector. The second end portion includes an entry surface that is curved or chamfered along its length to provide a lead in for inserting the second end portion onto the tubular connector in use. The entry surface provides an internal diameter that is larger than an external diameter of the tubular connector. | 05-13-2010 |
20100132707 | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A TNI APPARATUS AND CORRESPONDING TNI APPARATUS - This invention relates to methods for controlling a TNI-apparatus ( | 06-03-2010 |
20100132708 | POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE DEVICE - A positive airway pressure (PAP) device for supplying a flow of breathable gas to a patient includes a first housing; a flow generator provided in the first housing, the flow generator configured to generate a flow of breathable gas; a second housing configured to be connected to the first housing, the second housing including a channel having an inlet configured to receive the flow of breathable gas and an outlet configured to discharge the flow of breathable gas, wherein the first housing is provided on top of the second housing such that a footprint of the PAP device is not substantially increased beyond a footprint of the second housing. | 06-03-2010 |
20100218763 | APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING GASES TO A PATIENT - The gases temperature supplied to a patient when the patient is undergoing treatment such as oxygen therapy or positive pressure treatment for conditions such as Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is often measured for safety and to enable controlling of the humidity delivered to the patient. The invention disclosed is related to measurement of properties, particularly temperature, of gases flowing through a heated tube, supplying gases to a patient, which utilises the heating wire within the tube. | 09-02-2010 |
20100242964 | Device for providing heated air for an individual to breathe - A device for providing heated air for an individual to breathe. The device comprises a heating circuit with a heating element that is surrounded and supported by a pad. The pad is attachable to an article of clothing. The heating element and pad form a heating unit that is positionable proximate an individual's breathing region when the article of clothing is worn by the individual. The pad is configured to allow heat generated by the heating element to heat the air to be breathed in by the individual. | 09-30-2010 |
20100294280 | BREATHING TUBE SYSTEM COMPRISING A HEATING ELEMENT - A breathing tube system has a heating element, wherein a resistance wire extends several times to and fro in the longitudinal direction of a tube with wire terminals at one end and is held in the tube in parallel by means of a plurality of spreading elements located at spaced locations from one another in the longitudinal direction of the tube. The resistance wire extends at least four times in the longitudinal direction of the tube. The spreading elements have guide elements for receiving the resistance wire at the inner tube wall of the tube. The spreading elements with the resistance wire are displaceable in the tube in the longitudinal direction. | 11-25-2010 |
20110017213 | Surgical and Anesthesia Conduit Cover Kit and Method - A disposable anesthesia conduit cover kit that includes a dispenser and pre-measured, or cut to length tubing segments with fasteners to secure each end of the tubing segment. The dispenser may be wall mounted or lay flat and alternative dispenser configurations are provided. The tubing segments protect the anesthesia conduit cover from blood or body fluids to protect patients and healthcare workers from infectious and pathogenic microorganisms and to assist with the compliance of both state and federal regulations. | 01-27-2011 |
20110146679 | RESPIRATOR - A respirator with a breathing gas block ( | 06-23-2011 |
20110240023 | MOUTH AND NOSE MASK FOR PREVENTING AND TREATING ALLERGIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES - A mouth and nose mask including a main cover body with a main air vent at the center thereof, an inner cover body, and a linking member. There is a space between the main cover body and the inner cover body. The linking member links the main cover body and the inner cover body. The bottom edge of the inner cover body is designed not to touch the face when wearing. The mouth and nose mask is safe, can be used in the treatment of allergic respiratory diseases, and is effective in preventing the same. | 10-06-2011 |
20110277765 | SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING FLOW-TARGETED VENTILATION SYNCHRONIZED TO A PATIENT'S BREATHING CYCLE - An open system provides breath-synchronized, flow-targeted ventilation to augment respiration by a self-breathing patient. A sensor detects a physical property of a patient's respiratory cycle. A processor monitors the sensor and controls a gas source to deliver oxygen-containing gas through a tube extending into the patient's airway with the flow rate varying over each respiratory cycle in a predetermined non-constant waveform synchronized with the respiratory cycle to augment the patient's spontaneous respiration. Gas is delivered at a flow rate sufficient to significantly mitigate the airway pressure the patient must generate during spontaneous breathing and thereby reduce the patient's work of breathing. | 11-17-2011 |
20110308522 | GAS FILTER WITH INTEGRATED HEATING - The present invention provides a filter assembly for filtering a gas stream. The filter assembly including a number of filter elements structured to be disposed in a gas stream. The filter assembly further including a heating element for heating each of the number of filter elements, the heating element being structured to be disposed in the gas stream for directly heating the gas stream as the gas stream passes therethrough. | 12-22-2011 |
20120055473 | APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR BRONCHIAL THERMOPLASTY - The present invention relates to an apparatus, system and a method for producing heat shock in a targeted area. | 03-08-2012 |
20120060836 | PATIENT CIRCUIT FOR IMPROVED SUPPORT DELIVERY - A patient circuit for delivering improved support to a patient. In one embodiment of the present technology, the patient circuit includes at least one limb that includes: an inlet; an outlet; an enclosing wall defining an interior flow passage between the inlet and the outlet; and a configurable region configured to be adjusted to alter a at least one modifiable characteristic of the at least one limb. | 03-15-2012 |
20120067347 | FAN UNIT WITH IMPROVED SURGE CHARACTERISTICS - A fan unit that forms part of a gases supply unit used as part of a breathing assistance system for providing heated gases to a user. The fan has an impeller surrounded by an upwardly sloped surface to facilitate improved airflow performance under surge conditions. | 03-22-2012 |
20120167882 | TEMPERATURE MONITORING AND CONTROL DEVICES FOR TRACHEAL TUBES - Various embodiments of an intubation system include a tracheal tube, a heat source coupled to the tracheal tube, and a temperature sensor disposable in a patient's trachea to detect a temperature within the patient's trachea. The heat source is adapted to generate heat when the tracheal tube is disposed in the airway of the patient. A temperature control system coupled to the heat source is adapted to monitor the detected temperature and to control generation of heat from the heat source based on the detected temperature. | 07-05-2012 |
20120174924 | CONDUIT WITH HEATED WICK - A conduit for a breathing circuit includes a heater associated, at least in part, with a hydrophilic layer. The purpose of the heater is to evaporate any condensed liquid collecting in the conduit, which is first sucked up by the hydrophilic layer. The heated wick reduces the risk of collected water being passed to the patient and causing choking fits or discomfit. It is preferred that the heated wick lies freely in the conduit to settle at low points in the conduit where condensation may collect. | 07-12-2012 |
20120204874 | PRESSURE SUPPORT SUSTEM WITH INDUCTIVE TUBING - A pressure support system includes a gas flow generating system a patient interface device, and a tubing. The s flow generating system includes a gas source, a controller, and a first inductive coil. The patient interface device includes a second inductive coil and an input element. The tubing is disposed between the flow generating system and the patient interface device to carry a flow of gas from the gas source o to the patient interface device. The tubing includes a third inductive coils structured to transmit power and/or a signal between the first inductive coil of the pressure support system controller and the second inductive coil of the patient interface device. | 08-16-2012 |
20120216808 | Nose Cannula Heated/Humidified Gas Delivery System - A low flow heated/humidified respiratory gas delivery system, especially useful for low flow rates as preferred in the treatment of neonate and other such patients, wherein the respiratory gas is heated and humidified as desired for delivery to the patient and the temperature is monitored at the point of delivery to the patient. | 08-30-2012 |
20120255550 | BREATHING CIRCUIT SYSTEM - A breathing circuit system for supplying a breathable gas from a breathable gas supply system to a patient interface. The system comprises a heated conduit, comprising a hose and a hose heating system associated with the hose, and a plurality of adapter elements. The hose heating system is provided for operating within a first predetermined voltage range. A controller is associated with the breathing circuit and provides voltage within a second predetermined voltage range. Each adapter element comprises at least one electric component provided for adjusting the voltage supplied by the controller from a second range to the first range. | 10-11-2012 |
20130081625 | CAPILLARY HEATER WIRE - A heater wire including at least one extending component disposed thereon. The heater wire is positioned within a respiratory gas conduit. | 04-04-2013 |
20130081626 | PASSIVELY HEATED PATIENT CIRCUIT - Passive heating may be provided to a flexible tube ( | 04-04-2013 |
20130152929 | Bacteria Filter and Heating System - A system for keeping moisture in a vapor phase and for removing particles from a gas is described. The system includes a filter and a heating chamber. The filter is capable of being heated and includes a mechanical element that effectively regulates the heating of the filter. Heat production of the heating chamber is coupled to the proper insertion of the filter into the chamber, such that the filter closes an electrical switch in the heating chamber to allow for the production of heat. An exemplary use of the system is the keeping moisture in a vapor phase and removing pathogenic particles from the exhalation path of a ventilated subject. | 06-20-2013 |
20130152930 | COLD CLIMATE AIR EXCHANGER - The present disclosure is directed to a novel cold climate air exchanger. In one aspect of the disclosure, the cold climate air exchanger is comprised of an interior and an exterior panel that houses an open-celled foam filter insert there between. The assembly cooperates to gain a light weight air exchanger that advantageously regulates the natural moisture and temperature of the inhaled and exhaled air while maintaining adequate airflow for the user. | 06-20-2013 |
20130152931 | COMPONENTS FOR MEDICAL CIRCUITS - Condensation or “rain-out” is a problem in medical circuits and previous attempts to manage and/or prevent rain-out have resulted in relatively expensive and/or difficult to manufacture medical circuit components. The subject patent provides an improved medical circuit component for managing rain-out. In particular the component may be an improved breathing tube, or insufflation system limb comprising a helically corrugated tube preferably incorporating a heater wire. | 06-20-2013 |
20140060537 | DEVICE FOR THE MECHANICAL RESPIRATION OF A PATIENT AND PROCESS FOR THE HYGIENIC PROCESSING THEREOF | 03-06-2014 |
20140158130 | COMPONENT FOR MEDICAL CIRCUIT - A medical tube has a tube wall defining a passageway for transportation of gases and further has a first end and a second end. At least one end of the medical tube comprises one or more of a pre-formed pneumatic port component, a pre-formed electrical port component, and a pre-formed sensor port component. A cuff is over-moulded about and thereby connects the pneumatic port component, the electrical port component, and/or the sensor port component and at least a portion of the tube end. | 06-12-2014 |
20140216459 | WIRE HEATED TUBE WITH TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR HUMIDIFIER FOR RESPIRATORY APPARATUS - A PAP system for delivering breathable gas to a patient includes a flow generator to generate a supply of breathable gas to be delivered to the patient; a humidifier including a heating plate to vaporize water and deliver water vapor to humidify the supply of breathable gas; a heated tube configured to heat and deliver the humidified supply of breathable gas to the patient; a power supply configured to supply power to the heating plate and the heated tube; and a controller configured to control the power supply to prevent overheating of the heating plate and the heated tube. | 08-07-2014 |
20140366876 | POWER MANAGEMENT IN RESPIRATORY TREATMENT APPARATUS - A respiratory treatment apparatus provides respiratory treatment with improved power management control to permit more efficient power consumption and power supply units, such as battery powered operation. In one embodiment, power management prioritizes the flow generator ( | 12-18-2014 |
20140373843 | LIMB FOR BREATHING CIRCUIT - A limb for a breathing circuit manufactured from very thin walled polymer materials has an elongate axial reinforcing spine lying freely inside the conduit and fixed to each end connector. The spine is laterally compliant but axially stiff. The spine provides resistance to tensile and compressive loads on the conduit, including that induced by prevailing internal pressures. | 12-25-2014 |
20150007821 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING A TARGET SUBJECT INTERFACE TEMPERATURE BASED ON A BASELINE TEMPERATURE - The present disclosure pertains to a pressure support system configured to provide pressure support therapy to a subject, wherein the pressure support system comprises a subject interface heater configured to controllably heat a pressurized flow of breathable gas to a target temperature that is offset from a baseline temperature. The breathable gas baseline temperature target offset ensures the gas delivered to the subject is delivered at a comfortable temperature and/or humidity level that does not cause airway dryness or result in condensed water in the subject interface. In one embodiment, the pressure support system comprises one or more of a pressure generator, a subject interface, a subject interface heater, one or more subject interface temperature sensors, one or more baseline temperature sensors, one or more general sensors, a humidifier, a user interface, a processor, electronic storage, and/or other components. | 01-08-2015 |
20150306333 | MEDICAL TUBES AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE - The disclosure relates to medical tubes and methods of manufacturing medical tubes. The tube may be a composite structure made of two or more distinct components that are spirally wound to form an elongate tube. For example, one of the components may be a spirally wound elongate hollow body, and the other component may be an elongate structural component also spirally wound between turns of the spirally wound hollow body The tube need not be made from distinct components, however. For instance, an elongate hollow body formed (e.g., extruded) from a single material may be spirally wound to form an elongate tube. The elongate hollow body itself may in transverse cross-section have a thin wall portion and a relatively thicker or more rigid reinforcement portion. The tubes can be incorporated into a variety of medical circuits or may be employed for other medical uses. | 10-29-2015 |
20160001032 | MULTI-LUMEN BREATHING CIRCUIT INCLUDING A FLEXIBLE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY - A breathing circuit includes a flexible hollow tube having a generally circular cross section and a flexible printed circuit board assembly disposed in the flexible hollow tube. The flexible printed circuit board assembly defines part of at least one inspiratory passage within the flexible hollow tube and part of at least one expiratory passage within the flexible hollow tube. The flexible printed circuit board assembly is configured to heat airflow within one or more of the at least one inspiratory passage and the at least one expiratory passage, and monitor a first property of the airflow within one or more of the at least one inspiratory passage and the at least one expiratory passage at multiple locations along the axial length of the flexible hollow tube. | 01-07-2016 |
20160022953 | HEATING MEANS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE - Heating elements for respiratory tubing ( | 01-28-2016 |
20160045702 | DRYING EXPIRATORY LIMB WITH TAILORED TEMPERATURE PROFILE AND MULTI-LUMEN CONFIGURATION - A drying expiratory limb of a breathing circuit is provided that is configured to increase or optimize drying of a gas to reduce or prevent condensation. The drying expiratory limb can include a wall that is at least partly made of a breathable material configured to allow transmission of water vapor but substantially prevent transmission of liquid water. The wall includes first and second openings in the wall, the openings respectively configured to receive a gas at a first temperature and a first relative humidity and to allow the gas to exit having a second temperature and a second relative humidity. The drying expiratory limb can be configured to tailor the temperature drop of the gas along the wall to maintain a relative humidity within a targeted range and/or to maintain the gas temperature above its dew point temperature. | 02-18-2016 |
20160058969 | EXHALATION VALVE ASSEMBLY WITH INTEGRAL FLOW SENSOR - An exhalation valve assembly that controls the pressure of exhaled gas in a ventilation system is described. The exhalation valve assembly includes an actuator module that may be fixed to the ventilation system and a valve module, removable for cleaning or disposal, through which the exhaled gas flows and that controls the pressure and release of the exhaled gas to the environment. Other components may also be incorporated into the assembly including a filter module, a flow meter and a condensate trap. | 03-03-2016 |
20160059047 | METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE IN CONFINED SPACES - A method, system and apparatus for mobile deployment of a supply of safe breathable air in sufficient quantity and quality to support life functions without further augmentation in respirable particles of about 10 μm or less in aerodynamic equivalent diameter are captured and removed from the external ambient atmosphere as are water soluble co-pollutants prior to introduction of safe breathable air to the confined space, and where manipulation of the sensible and latent heat content of the supplied safe breathable air is undertaken to maintain a differential in vapor pressure such that it promotes a skin evaporation rate that ensures that the body core temperature can be maintained by its thermoregulatory processes. | 03-03-2016 |