Patent application title: SURFACE, ANCHORED FC-BAIT ANTIBODY DISPLAY SYSTEM
Inventors:
IPC8 Class: AC07K1600FI
USPC Class:
1 1
Class name:
Publication date: 2018-01-04
Patent application number: 20180002402
Abstract:
The present invention provides, in part, an antibody display system that
simultaneously uses a secretion and a display mode. A bait complexed with
a monovalent antibody fragment can be expressed on the surface of the
host cell wherein the fragment may be assayed for antigen binding while
full antibody is simultaneously secreted from the host cell. Methods of
using the system for identifying antibodies that bind specifically to an
antigen of interest are also provided. Polypeptides, polynucleotides and
host cells useful for making the antibody display system are also
provided along with methods of use thereof.Claims:
1. An antibody display system comprising: (a) an isolated host cell; (b)
a bait comprising a heavy Fc immunoglobulin domain fused to a surface
anchor polypeptide; (c) one or more polynucleotides encoding an
immunoglobulin light chain variable region; and (d) one or more
polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region.
2. The antibody display system of claim 1 further comprising (i) a non-tethered full antibody comprising said immunoglobulin light and heavy chains; and/or (ii) a monovalent antibody fragment which is complexed with the Fc moiety of the bait.
3. The antibody display system of any one of claims 1-2 wherein the host cell is a Pichia cell.
4. The antibody display system of any one of claims 1-3 wherein said one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin light chain variable region is from a genetically diverse population of immunoglobulin light chain variable regions; and/or, wherein said one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region is from a genetically diverse population of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions.
5. The antibody display system of any one of claims 1-4 wherein the host cell comprises a polynucleotide encoding the bait which is operably associated with a regulatable promoter.
6. An isolated bait polypeptide comprising an Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof fused, optionally by a peptide linker, to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof; which bait polypeptide is optionally amino-terminally fused to a signal peptide.
7. The polypeptide of claim 6 wherein the surface anchor polypeptide is SED-1 or a functional fragment thereof.
8. The polypeptide of any one of claims 6-7 wherein the Fc immunoglobulin domain is an IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 immunoglobulin.
9. An isolated polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of any one of claims 6-8.
10. A vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 9.
11. An isolated host cell comprising the polypeptide of any one of claims 6-8 or a polynucleotide encoding said polypeptide.
12. The host cell of claim 11 further comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin light chain variable region; and/or one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region.
13. The host cell of any one of claims 11-12 which is a Pichia cell.
14. The host cell of any one of claims 11-13 wherein the polypeptide is located on the surface of the cell membrane.
15. A composition comprising the host cell of any one of claims 11-14, further comprising a non-tethered full antibody comprising said immunoglobulin light and heavy chains; and/or an Fc/antigen-binding fragment of an antibody which is complexed with the Fc moiety of the bait; optionally, wherein said full antibody or Fc/antigen-binding fragment is complexed with an antigen of interest.
16. A method for determining if an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof specifically binds to an antigen comprising contacting an antibody display system with said antigen; wherein the antibody display system comprises: (a) an isolated eukaryotic host cell comprising a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin light chain; and a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain; and (b) a bait comprising an Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof fused to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof on the surface of said eukaryotic host cell; wherein the Fc of said bait complexes with an Fc/antigen-binding fragment comprising said immunoglobulin heavy and immunoglobulin light chains on the surface of the host cell; and determining if said Fc/antigen-binding fragment specifically binds to said antigen; wherein the antibody is determined to specifically bind said antigen if the monovalent antibody fragment specifically binds to said antigen.
17. A method for identifying: (i) an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds specifically to an antigen; or (ii) a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain of said antibody or fragment and/or a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin light chain of said antibody or fragment; comprising contacting an antibody display system with said antigen wherein the antibody display system comprises: (a) an isolated eukaryotic host cell comprising a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin light chain; and a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain; and (b) a bait comprising an Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof fused to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof on the surface of said eukaryotic host cell; wherein the Fc of said bait complexes with an Fc/antigen-binding fragment comprising said immunoglobulin heavy and immunoglobulin light chains on the surface of the host cell; and determining if said Fc/antigen-binding fragment specifically binds to said antigen; wherein the antibody or fragment or polynucleotide is identified if said specific binding to said antigen is observed.
18. The method of any one of claims 16-17 further comprising isolating the identified polynucleotides.
19. The method of any one of claims 16-18 further comprising inhibiting expression of said bait, then determining the affinity of said identified antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof for said antigen.
20. The method of any one of claims 16-19 further comprising recombinantly expressing the immunoglobulin chains encoded by the polynucleotides and, optionally, isolating an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising said immunoglobulins and, optionally, producing a pharmaceutical formulation comprising combining said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
21. A method for making an antibody display system comprising: (a) an isolated eukaryotic host cell; (b) a bait comprising a human Fc immunoglobulin domain fused to a surface anchor polypeptide; (c) one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin light chain variable region; (d) one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region; comprising introducing, into said eukaryotic host cell, a polynucleotide encoding said bait, said one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin light chain variable region; and said one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region.
22. A method for making an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising introducing, into an isolated eukaryotic host cell comprising a bait that includes a human Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof fused to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof, one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin light chain variable region; and/or one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region; and culturing the host cell under condition whereby the polynucleotides encoding the immunoglobulin chains are expressed and an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is formed from said chains; wherein said bait is operably associated with a regulatable promoter and bait expression is inhibited when said immunoglobulin chains are expressed.
22. A method for making an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprising culturing an isolated eukaryotic host cell in a growth medium under conditions allowing expression of an immunoglobulin light chain and an immunoglobulin heavy chain of said antibody or fragment; wherein the eukaryotic host cell comprises: (i) a polynucleotide encoding said immunoglobulin light chain; and a polynucleotide encoding said immunoglobulin heavy chain of said antibody or fragment; and (ii) a bait comprising an Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof fused to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof on the surface of said eukaryotic host cell; wherein the Fc of said bait complexes with an Fc/antigen-binding fragment comprising said immunoglobulin heavy and immunoglobulin light chains on the surface of the host cell; and wherein the expression of the bait is optionally inhibited; wherein said antibody or fragment is optionally secreted from said eukaryotic host cell; optionally comprising isolating said antibody or fragment from said eukaryotic host cell and medium.
23. A method for determining the effect of a sugar on an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof which specifically binds to an antigen comprising contacting an antibody display system with said antigen; wherein the antibody display system comprises: (a) an isolated eukaryotic controlled glycosylation host cell comprising a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin light chain; and a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain; and (b) a bait comprising an Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof fused to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof on the surface of said eukaryotic host cell; wherein the Fc of said bait complexes with an Fc/antigen-binding fragment comprising said immunoglobulin heavy and immunoglobulin light chains on the surface of the host cell; wherein said heavy or light chain comprises said sugar; determining if said Fc/antigen-binding fragment specifically binds to said antigen; determining the binding affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising said sugar for the antigen; and comparing the affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof with affinity of an otherwise identical antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof which lacks said sugar; wherein the sugar is determined to increase affinity for the antigen if the affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising said sugar is higher than the affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof which lacks the sugar, and/or wherein the sugar is determined to decrease affinity for the antigen if the affinity of antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising said sugar is lower than the affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof which lacks the sugar.
Description:
[0001] This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 13/990,941, filed Aug. 6, 2013; which is the national phase of
international patent application no. PCT/US2011/062286 filed Nov. 29,
2011 which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No.
61/458,771, filed Dec. 1, 2010; each of which is herein incorporated by
reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The field of the invention relates to antibody display systems and methods of use for identifying antibodies that bind specifically to an antigen.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] A technique for constructing and screening antibody libraries is phage display, whereby the protein of interest is expressed as a polypeptide fusion to a bacteriophage coat protein and subsequently screened by binding to immobilized or soluble biotinylated ligand.
[0004] Phage display, however, has several shortcomings. For example, some eukaryotic secreted proteins and cell surface proteins require post-translational modifications such as glycosylation or extensive disulfide isomerization, which are unavailable in bacterial cells.
[0005] Current yeast surface antibody display systems, such as cold capture, also suffer from various drawbacks. In the cold capture antibody display system, at low temperatures, the process of antibody release from host cell transport vesicles is delayed, so that the secreted antibody can be assayed on the cell surface for antigen binding. The cold capture method suffers from a low signal-to-noise ratio and identification of an antibody with specificity for the target antigen depends heavily on cellular expression levels of the antibody.
[0006] The affinity matrix system couples antibodies to the host cell surface, e.g., by biotin, where they can be assayed for antigen binding. The affinity matrix system exhibits a high incidence of cross-contamination between antibody clones. Antibodies may become decoupled from the host cell and, thus lose their link to the polynucleotides encoding their immunoglobulin chains.
[0007] Full length antibody display systems tether the full length antibody on the host cell surface by binding an immunoglobulin binding protein, such as protein A, that is fused to a cell surface anchor protein. The host cell contains polynucleotides encoding the antibody immunoglobulin chains. Typically, binding of the antibody occurs after the immunoglobulin binding protein is expressed on the cell surface. This system, thus, leads to some erroneous binding of the antibody to host cells that do not express the antibody.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention provides, in part, an antibody display system that does not suffer from shortcomings of currently available systems. The present invention also allows coupling of antibody display to production strain selection. The strain discovered by surface display screening can be turned into the production strain while preserving the antibody sequence and integrity. This method enables screening for parameters such as antibody folding and expression.
[0009] The present invention provides an antibody display system comprising: (a) an isolated eukaryotic host cell (e.g., a Pichia cell such as Pichia pastoris); (b) a bait comprising a Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof (e.g., comprising a CH3, CH2-CH3 or VH-CH1 polypeptide) (e.g., human) fused to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof (e.g., wherein the cell comprises a polynucleotide encoding the bait); (c) one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin light chain variable region; and (d) one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region. Optionally, the antibody display system further comprises a non-tethered full antibody comprising said immunoglobulin light and heavy chains; and/or monovalent antibody fragment which is complexed with the Fc moiety of the bait. In an embodiment of the invention, said one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin light chain variable region is from a genetically diverse population of immunoglobulin light chain variable regions (e.g., an immunoglobulin library); and/or, wherein said one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region is from a genetically diverse population of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions (e.g., an immunoglobulin library). In an embodiment of the invention, the host cell comprises a polynucleotide encoding the bait which is operably associated with a regulatable promoter (e.g., a GUT1 promoter, a GADPH promoter or a PCK1 promoter).
[0010] The present invention also provides an isolated bait polypeptide, e.g., comprising an Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof (e.g., wherein the Fc is derived from an IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 immunoglobulin; e.g., human, e.g., comprising a VH-CH1, a CH2-CH3 or a CH3 polypeptide) fused to a surface anchor polypeptide (e.g., SED1) or functional fragment thereof. Any isolated polynucleotide encoding such a polypeptide; vectors including the polynucleotides and isolated host cells comprising the polynucleotides and vectors form part of the present invention. The scope of the present invention includes an isolated host cell (e.g., a eukaryotic host cell such as Pichia, e.g., Pichia pastoris) further comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin light chain variable region (e.g., from a library); and/or one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (e.g., from a library). In an embodiment of the invention, a host cell of the present invention includes the polypeptide located on the surface of the cell, e.g., on the cell membrane.
[0011] The present invention comprises an isolated host cell (e.g., Pichia such as Pichia pastoris) comprising a bait polypeptide complexed with an Fc/antigen-binding fragment, e.g., located at the host cell surface by a cell surface anchor (such as SED1) that is part of the bait; optionally wherein the Fc/antigen-binding fragment is bound to an antigen; optionally comprising an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that comprises the light and heavy chain immunoglobulins of the Fc/antigen-binding fragment; for example, wherein the host cell comprises one or more polynucleotides encoding e.g., the bait, the light chain immunoglobulin and/or the heavy chain immunoglobulin.
[0012] The present invention also provides a composition comprising the host cell of the present invention (see e.g., above), further comprising a non-tethered full antibody comprising said immunoglobulin light and heavy chains; and/or an Fc/antigen-binding fragment of an antibody (e.g., a monovalent antibody fragment) which is complexed with the Fc moiety of the bait. In an embodiment of the invention, said full antibody or Fc/antigen-binding fragment is complexed with an antigen.
[0013] The present invention provides a method for determining if an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof specifically binds to an antigen comprising contacting an antibody display system with said antigen; wherein the antibody display system comprises: (a) an isolated eukaryotic host cell (e.g., Pichia such as Pichia pastoris) comprising a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin light chain (e.g., from a library); and a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain (e.g., from a library); and (b) a bait comprising an Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof (e.g., human, e.g., comprising a VH-CH1, CH2-CH3 or CH3 polypeptide) fused to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof (e.g., SED1) on the surface of said eukaryotic host cell; wherein the Fc of said bait complexes with an Fc/antigen-binding fragment (e.g., a monovalent antibody fragment) comprising said immunoglobulin heavy and immunoglobulin light chains on the surface of the host cell; and determining if said Fc/antigen-binding fragment (e.g., monovalent antibody fragment) specifically binds to said antigen; wherein the antibody is determined to specifically bind said antigen if the monovalent antibody fragment specifically binds to said antigen. In an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises isolating the polynucleotide(s) and, optionally, determining the nucleotide sequence. In an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises inhibiting expression of said bait, then determining the affinity of said identified antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof for said antigen. In an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises recombinantly expressing the immunoglobulin chains encoded by the polynucleotides and, optionally, isolating an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising said immunoglobulins and, optionally, producing a pharmaceutical formulation comprising combining said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0014] The present invention also provides a method for identifying:
(i) an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds specifically to an antigen; or (ii) a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain of said antibody or fragment (e.g., from a library) and/or a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin light chain of said antibody or fragment (e.g., from a library); comprising contacting an antibody display system with said antigen wherein the antibody display system comprises: (a) an isolated eukaryotic host cell (e.g., Pichia such as Pichia pastoris) comprising a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin light chain; and a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain; and (b) a bait comprising an Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof (e.g., human; e.g., comprising a VH-CH1, CH2-CH3 or CH3 polypeptide) fused to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof (e.g., SED1) on the surface of said eukaryotic host cell; wherein the Fc of said bait complexes with an Fc/antigen-binding fragment (e.g., a monovalent antibody fragment) comprising said immunoglobulin heavy and immunoglobulin light chains on the surface of the host cell; and determining if said Fc/antigen-binding fragment (e.g., monovalent antibody fragment) specifically binds to said antigen; wherein the antibody or fragment or polynucleotide is identified if said specific binding to said antigen is observed. In an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises isolating the polynucleotide(s) and, optionally, determining the nucleotide sequence. In an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises inhibiting expression of said bait, then determining the affinity of said identified antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof for said antigen. In an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises recombinantly expressing the immunoglobulin chains encoded by the polynucleotides and, optionally, isolating an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising said immunoglobulins and, optionally, producing a pharmaceutical formulation comprising combining said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0015] The present invention also provides a method for making an antibody display system comprising: (a) an isolated eukaryotic host cell (e.g., Pichia such as Pichia pastoris); (b) a bait comprising a human Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof (e.g., human; e.g., comprising a VH-CH1, CH2-CH3 or CH3 polypeptide) fused to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof (e.g., SED1); (c) one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin light chain variable region (e.g., from a library); (d) one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (e.g., from a library); comprising introducing, into said eukaryotic host cell, a polynucleotide encoding said bait, said one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin light chain variable region; and said one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region.
[0016] The present invention also provides a method for making an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising introducing, into an isolated eukaryotic host cell (e.g., Pichia such as Pichia pastoris) comprising a bait that includes a human Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof (e.g., human; e.g., comprising a VH-CH1, CH2-CH3 or CH3 polypeptide) fused to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof (e.g., SED1), one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin light chain variable region; and/or one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region; and culturing the host cell under condition whereby the polynucleotides encoding the immunoglobulin chains are expressed and an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is formed from said chains; wherein said bait is operably associated with a regulatable promoter (e.g., a GUT1 promoter, a GADPH promoter or a PCK1 promoter) and bait expression is inhibited when said immunoglobulin chains are expressed.
[0017] The present invention further comprises a method for making an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprising culturing an isolated eukaryotic host cell (e.g., Pichia pastoris) in a growth medium under conditions allowing expression of an immunoglobulin light chain and an immunoglobulin heavy chain of said antibody or fragment; wherein the eukaryotic host cell comprises: (i) a polynucleotide encoding said immunoglobulin light chain; and a polynucleotide encoding said immunoglobulin heavy chain of said antibody or fragment (e.g., wherein said chains are encoded by one common polynucleotide or two separate polynucleotides; and/or, wherein said one or both of said polynucleotides were obtained from a library or from a single clonal source); and (ii) a bait comprising an Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof (e.g., human; e.g., comprising a VH-CH1, CH2-CH3 or CH3 polypeptide) fused to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof on the surface of said eukaryotic host cell; wherein the Fc of said bait complexes with an Fc/antigen-binding fragment (e.g., an monovalent antibody fragment) comprising said immunoglobulin heavy and immunoglobulin light chains on the surface of the host cell; and wherein the expression of the bait is optionally inhibited; wherein said antibody or fragment is optionally secreted from said eukaryotic host cell; optionally comprising isolating said antibody or fragment from said eukaryotic host cell and medium.
[0018] The present invention further provides a method for determining the effect of a sugar (e.g., an O-glycan and/or an N-glycan, e.g., any of those discussed herein) on an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof which specifically binds to an antigen comprising contacting an antibody display system with said antigen; wherein the antibody display system comprises:
(a) an isolated eukaryotic controlled glycosylation host cell (e.g., Pichia pastoris) comprising a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin light chain; and a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain; and (b) a bait comprising an Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof (e.g., human; e.g., comprising a VH-CH1, CH2-CH3 or CH3 polypeptide) comprising said sugar fused to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof on the surface of said host cell; wherein the Fc of said bait complexes with the Fc/antigen-binding fragment comprising said immunoglobulin heavy and immunoglobulin light chains on the surface of the host cell; wherein said heavy and/or light chain comprises said sugar; determining if said Fc/antigen-binding fragment specifically binds to said antigen; determining the binding affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising said sugar for the antigen; and comparing the affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof for the antigen with affinity for the antigen of an otherwise identical antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof which lacks said sugar; wherein the sugar is determined to increase affinity for the antigen if the affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising said sugar is higher than the affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof which lacks the sugar, and/or wherein the sugar is determined to decrease affinity for the antigen if the affinity of antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising said sugar is lower than the affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof which lacks the sugar.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0019] FIG. 1. Antibody display system of the present invention and a method of use thereof. Polynucleotide encoding an antibody and bait are co-expressed in Pichia pastoris. The polynucleotide encoding one or both of the antibody immunoglobulin chains can be from a library or can be from a single clonal source. The Pichia cell expresses the bait on the cell surface, some of such baits are bound by a monovalent antibody fragment (comprising one heavy and one light chain) of the antibody that is also expressed. Some expressed antibody escapes bait binding and is, thus, soluble. Expression of the antibody on the cell can be confirmed by FACS analysis and a titer of the cellular antibody expression level can also be determined. The bait expression is turned off or the polynucleotide encoding the bait is evicted (or knocked-out) from the cell. The resulting cell expresses only the polynucleotide encoding the antibody heavy and light chains and produces only full soluble antibody. Cellular expression levels of the antibody can then be confirmed and a determination of the antibody affinity can also be performed.
[0020] FIG. 2. Map of plasmid pGLY9008. The Homo sapiens Fc fused to Saccharomyces cerevisiae SED1 is driven by a Pichia pastoris AOX1 promoter.
[0021] FIGS. 3a-3c. (a) ELISA measuring the concentration of Kappa light chain was used to determine the concentration of secreted antibodies from the strains explained in Table 1. Lane 1 was serially diluted ELISA standard; Lanes 2-3 contained material generated by strains in Table 1 without the surface anchored Fc bait (SAFE); Lanes 5-10 contained the same strains plus SAFE. Y8316 did not express antibodies and was used as a negative control. (b) Supernatants generated by the strains in 3a were run on Protein A columns to capture secreted antibodies. Eluted IgGs were run on (c) non-reducing SDS-PAGE.
[0022] FIGS. 4a-4c. Figure shows FACS data demonstrating the different fluorescence intensities observed between various Pichia pastoris strains. (a) parental strains expressing anti-HER2 and anti-PCSK9 with no Fc-SEDT bait; (b) anti-Her2 displaying cells with and without the bait; (c) anti-PCSK9 displaying cells with and without bait.
[0023] FIG. 5. FACS analysis of labeled Pichia pastoris yeast strains YGLY21610 and YGLY21614 displaying an Fc-Sed1p complexed with an anti-PCSK9 monovalent antibody fragment (H+L) or an anti-Her2 (H+L) monovalent antibody fragment. The cells were dually labeled with goat anti-human Fc Alexa 488, biotinylated PCSK9, and APC 635 labeled Streptavidin. The cells were analyzed separately (left and middle panels, respectively) and mixed together in a 1:00 ratio (right panel). The points representing the YGLY21610 cells in the right panel are circled.
[0024] FIG. 6. FACS analysis of Pichia pastoris cells expressing the Fc-SEDT bait and; (1) anti-PCSK9 antibody AX189 heavy and light chains (Anti-PCSK9; AX189-Fc-Sed1p); or (2) AX189 light chain and heavy chain from the BP550 library (BP550-Fc-Sed1p); or (3) AX189 heavy chain and light chain from the BP551 library (BP551-Fc-Sed1p). The left panel shows data relating to unsorted strains containing the library, and the right panel shows data relating to cells containing the library that were sorted once or twice. FACS data relating to the control AX189 expressing cells are also shown.
[0025] FIGS. 7a-7b. PCSK9 and Kappa ELISA analysis of presorted (a) BP550 and (b) BP551 library and round 2 sorted pools thereof.
[0026] FIG. 8. The use of Fc-Sed1p display to discover novel heterodimeric Fc fragments for use in bispecifics and other applications. In this approach, an Fc mutant that lost its ability to homodimerize with self or heterodimerize with wild-type Fc can be displayed on a cell surface (A) and co-expressed with a library of H+L mutations where Fab region remains constant but CH2 and/or CH3 domains are mutated (B). Using surface display binding to Fab, cells that are positive for antigen binding can be isolated using FACS (C). Those cells will contain novel Fc variants that restore dimerization to the displayed bait-Fc. The culture supernatants can be assayed by SDS-PAGE to ensure monomeric secretion H+L containing the novel Fc (D). This exercise will result in identification of novel heterodimeric Fc pairs or partners that can be subject to subsequent engineering using the same assay (E).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0027] The present invention provides a method and system for antibody surface display that simultaneously features a display mode and full antibody secretion mode. Host cells secrete full antibody and display Fc/antigen-binding fragments on the cell surface. This method utilizes an Fc fusion (e.g., fused at the N- or C-terminus) with a cell surface protein as "bait" that is covalently coupled to the cell surface (e.g., the cell wall) or embedded (partially or fully) in the cell membrane (e.g., as a transmembrane protein) and that is co-expressed with an antibody (e.g., a single specific antibody from a clonal source or an antibody from a library). In the endoplasmic reticulum, where antibody molecules normally dimerize to form the full antibody molecule, a surface anchored Fc fusion "bait" heterodimerizes with a monovalent antibody fragment creating a complex that is displayed on the cell surface. Monovalent antibody fragments on the cell surface can bind antigen.
[0028] The antibody system of the present invention can be employed in any host cell (e.g., yeast, mammalian cells, bacteria) wherein a bait can be expressed on the host cell surface and an Fc/antigen-binding fragment can bind to the bait.
[0029] Homodimerization of full antibody still occurs allowing secretion of full antibody molecules into the culture supernatant. The secreted full antibody can be used, e.g., for preclinical studies, e.g., after isolation.
[0030] If desired, bait can be knocked-out or mutated or its expression can be turned off to create a strain producing only the full antibody.
Molecular Biology
[0031] In accordance with the present invention there may be employed conventional molecular biology, microbiology, and recombinant DNA techniques within the skill of the art. Such techniques are explained fully in the literature. See, e.g., Sambrook, Fritsch & Maniatis, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition (1989) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (herein "Sambrook, et al., 1989"); DNA Cloning: A Practical Approach, Volumes I and II (D. N. Glover ed. 1985); Oligonucleotide Synthesis (M. J. Gait ed. 1984); Nucleic Acid Hybridization (B. D. Hames & S. J. Higgins eds. (1985)); Transcription And Translation (B. D. Hames & S. J. Higgins, eds. (1984)); Animal Cell Culture (R. I. Freshney, ed. (1986)); Immobilized Cells And Enzymes (IRL Press, (1986)); B. Perbal, A Practical Guide To Molecular Cloning (1984); F. M. Ausubel, et al. (eds.), Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1994).
[0032] A library is, typically, a collection of related but diverse polynucleotides that are, in general, in a common vector backbone. For example, a light chain or heavy chain immunoglobulin library may contain polynucleotides, in a common vector backbone, that encode light and/or heavy chain immunoglobulins which are diverse but related in their nucleotide sequence; for example, which immunoglobulins are functionally diverse in their abilities to form complexes with other immunoglobulins, e.g., in an antibody display system of the present invention, and bind a particular antigen.
[0033] A coding sequence is "under the control of", "functionally associated with" or "operably associated with" transcriptional and translational control sequences in a cell when the sequences direct RNA polymerase mediated transcription of the coding sequence into RNA, preferably mRNA, which then may be spliced (if it contains introns) and translated into a protein encoded by the coding sequence. Thus, a bait gene can be operably associated with a promoter, such as a regulatable promoter or a constitutive promoter.
[0034] Polynucleotides discussed herein form part of the present invention. A "polynucleotide", "nucleic acid" or "nucleic acid molecule" include DNA and RNA, single or double stranded.
[0035] Polynucleotides e.g., encoding an immunoglobulin chain or component of the antibody display system of the present invention (e.g., a bait), may, in an embodiment of the invention, be flanked by natural regulatory (expression control) sequences, or may be associated with heterologous sequences, including promoters, internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) and other ribosome binding site sequences, enhancers, response elements, suppressors, signal sequences, polyadenylation sequences, introns, 5'- and 3'-non-coding regions, and the like.
[0036] Polynucleotides e.g., encoding an immunoglobulin chain or component of the antibody display system of the present invention, may be operably associated with a promoter. A "promoter" or "promoter sequence" is, in an embodiment of the invention, a DNA regulatory region capable of binding an RNA polymerase in a cell (e.g., directly or through other promoter-bound proteins or substances) and initiating transcription of a coding sequence. A promoter sequence is, in general, bounded at its 3' terminus by the transcription initiation site and extends upstream (5' direction) to include the minimum number of bases or elements necessary to initiate transcription at any level. Within the promoter sequence may be found a transcription initiation site (conveniently defined, for example, by mapping with nuclease S1), as well as protein binding domains (consensus sequences) responsible for the binding of RNA polymerase. The promoter may be operably associated with other expression control sequences, including enhancer and repressor sequences or with a nucleic acid of the invention. Promoters which may be used to control gene expression include, but are not limited to, cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,385,839 and 5,168,062), the SV40 early promoter region (Benoist, et al., (1981) Nature 290:304-310), the promoter contained in the 3' long terminal repeat of Rous sarcoma virus (Yamamoto, et al., (1980) Cell 22:787-797), the herpes thymidine kinase promoter (Wagner, et al., (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:1441-1445), the regulatory sequences of the metallothionein gene (Brinster, et al., (1982) Nature 296:39-42); prokaryotic expression vectors such as the (3-lactamase promoter (Villa-Komaroff, et al., (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:3727-3731), or the tac promoter (DeBoer, et al., (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:21-25); see also "Useful proteins from recombinant bacteria" in Scientific American (1980) 242:74-94; and promoter elements from yeast or other fungi such as the Gal 4 promoter, the ADC (alcohol dehydrogenase) promoter, PGK (phosphoglycerol kinase) promoter or the alkaline phosphatase promoter.
[0037] The terms "vector", "cloning vector" and "expression vector" include a vehicle (e.g., a plasmid) by which a DNA or RNA sequence can be introduced into a host cell, so as to transform the host and, optionally, promote expression and/or replication of the introduced sequence. Polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin chain or component of the antibody display system of the present invention (e.g., a bait) may, in an embodiment of the invention, be in a vector.
[0038] A host cell that may be used in a composition or method of the present invention, as is discussed herein, includes eukaryotes such a lower and higher eukaryotic cells as well as prokaryotics. Higher eukaryote cells include mammalian, insect (e.g., Spodoptera frugiperda cells), and plant cells (e.g., Protalix cells). In an embodiment of the invention, the host cell is a lower eukaryote such as a yeast or filamentous fungi cell, which, for example, is selected from the group consisting of any Pichia cell, Pichia pastoris, Pichia flnlandica, Pichia trehalophila, Pichia koclamae, Pichia membranaefaciens, Pichia minuta (Ogataea minuta, Pichia lindneri), Pichia opuntiae, Pichia thermotolerans, Pichia salictaria, Pichia guercuum, Pichia pijperi, Pichia stiptis, Pichia methanolica, Pichia, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces, Hans.beta.nula polymorpha, Kluyveromyces, Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma reesei, Chrysosporium lucknowense, Fusarium, Fusarium gramineum, Fusarium venenatum and Neuraspora crassa. A higher eukaryotic host cell includes a mammalian host cell for example a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell, a BHK cell, or an NSO cell. A prokaryotic host cell can be, for example, a bacterial cell such as Escherichia, Enterobacter, Azotobacter, Erwinia, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Serratia, Shigella, Rhizobia, Vitreoscilla, and Paracoccus. E. coli host cells include DHB4, BL21 (which are deficient in both Lon (Phillips et al. (1984) J. Bacteriol. 159: 283) and OmpT proteases), HB101, BL21 DE3, E. coli AD494, E. coli W3110 (ATCC 27,325), E. coli 294 (ATCC 31,446), E. coli B, and E. coli X1776 (ATCC 31,537). Other strains include E. coli B834 which are methionine deficient (Leahy et al. (1992) Science 258, 987); other strains include the BLR strain, and the K-12 strains HMS174 and NovaBlue, which are recA-derivative that improve plasmid monomer yields and may help stabilize target plasmids containing repetitive sequences (these strains can be obtained from Novagen). See also U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,952,496, 5,693,489 and 5,869,320 and in Davanloo, P., et al., (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 2035-2039; Studier, F. W., et al., (1986) J. Mol. Biol. 189: 113-130; Rosenberg, A. H., et al., (1987) Gene 56: 125-135; and Dunn, J. J., et al., (1988) Gene 68: 259. Prokaryotic cells can also be cultured, for example, in a medium under conditions allowing for recombinant expression of a polypeptide, such as an immunoglobulin polypeptide and/or a bait. Such methods and host cells comprising such genes and proteins are part of the present invention. A prokaryotic host cell can also be used as a host cell in the antibody display system of the present invention, as discussed herein.
[0039] As used herein, the terms "N-glycan" and "glycoform" are used interchangeably and refer to an N-linked oligosaccharide, e.g., one that is attached by an asparagine-N-acetylglucosamine linkage to an asparagine residue of a polypeptide. N-linked glycoproteins contain an N-acetylglucosamine residue linked to the amide nitrogen of an asparagine residue in the protein. Predominant sugars found on glycoproteins are glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (e.g., N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA)).
[0040] N-glycans have a common pentasaccharide core of Man.sub.3GlcNAc.sub.2 ("Man" refers to mannose; "Glc" refers to glucose; and "NAc" refers to N-acetyl; GlcNAc refers to N-acetylglucosamine). N-glycans differ with respect to the number of branches (antennae) comprising peripheral sugars (e.g., GlcNAc, galactose, fucose and sialic acid) that are added to the Man.sub.3GlcNAc.sub.2 ("Man.sub.3") core structure which is also referred to as the "triammnose core", the "pentasaccharide core" or the "paucimannose core". N-glycans are classified according to their branched constituents (e.g., high mannose, complex or hybrid). A "high mannose" type N-glycan has five or more mannose residues. A "complex" type N-glycan typically has at least one GlcNAc attached to the 1,3 mannose arm and at least one GlcNAc attached to the 1,6 mannose arm of a "trimannose" core. Complex N-glycans may also have galactose ("Gal") or N-acetylgalactosamine ("GalNAc") residues that are optionally modified with sialic acid or derivatives (e.g., "NANA" or "NeuAc", where "Neu" refers to neuraminic acid and "Ac" refers to acetyl). Complex N-glycans may also have intrachain substitutions comprising "bisecting" GlcNAc and core fucose ("Fuc"). Complex N-glycans may also have multiple antennae on the "trimannose core," often referred to as "multiple antennary glycans." A "hybrid" N-glycan has at least one GlcNAc on the terminal of the 1,3 mannose arm of the trimannose core and zero or more mannoses on the 1,6 mannose arm of the trimannose core. The various N-glycans are also referred to as "glycoforms." "PNGase", or "glycanase" or "glucosidase" refer to peptide N-glycosidase F (EC 3.2.2.18).
[0041] In an embodiment of the invention, O-glycosylation of glycoproteins in a "eukaryotic host cell" is controlled. The scope of the present invention includes isolated eukaryotic host cells (e.g., Pichia pastoris) wherein O-glycosylation is controlled (as discussed herein) as well as antibody display systems comprising such eukaryotic host cells and methods of use thereof (as discussed herein). For example, wherein O-glycan occupancy and mannose chain length are reduced. In lower eukaryote host cells such as yeast, O-glycosylation can be controlled by deleting the genes encoding one or more protein O-mannosyltransferases (Dol-PMan: Protein (Ser/Thr) Mannosyl Transferase genes) (PMTs) or by growing the host in a medium containing one or more Pmtp inhibitors. Thus, the present invention includes isolated eukaryotic host cells, antibody display systems and methods of use thereof (as is discussed herein), e.g., comprising a deletion of one or more of the genes encoding PMTs, and/or, e.g., wherein the host cell can be cultivated in a medium that includes one or more Pmtp inhibitors. Pmtp inhibitors include but are not limited to a benzylidene thiazolidinedione. Examples of benzylidene thiazolidinediones are 5-[[3,4bis(phenylmethoxy) phenyl]methylene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3-thiazolidineacetic Acid; 5-[[3-(1-25 Phenylethoxy)-4-(2-phenylethoxy)]phenyl]methylene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3-thiaz- olidineacetic Acid; and 5-[[3-(1-Phenyl-2-hydroxy)ethoxy)-4-(2-phenylethoxy)]phenyl]methylene]-4-- oxo-2-thioxo3-thiazolidineacetic acid.
[0042] In an embodiment of the invention, a "eukaryotic host cell" includes a nucleic acid that encodes an alpha-1,2-mannosidase that has a signal peptide that directs it for secretion. For example, in an embodiment of the invention, the host cell is engineered to express an exogenous alpha-1,2-mannosidase enzyme having an optimal pH between 5.1 and 8.0, preferably between 5.9 and 7.5. In an embodiment of the invention, the exogenous enzyme is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus of the host cell, where it trims N-glycans such as Man.sub.8GlcNAc.sub.2 to yield Man.sub.5GlcNAc.sub.2. See U.S. Pat. No. 7,029,872.
[0043] The scope of the present invention includes such an isolated eukaryotic host cell (e.g., Pichia pastoris) as well as antibody display systems comprising such eukaryotic host cells and methods of use thereof (as discussed herein).
[0044] "Eukaryotic host cells" are, in an embodiment of the invention, lower eukaryote cells (e.g., yeast such as Pichia pastoris) that are genetically engineered to eliminate glycoproteins having alpha-mannosidase-resistant N-glycans by deleting or disrupting one or more of the beta-mannosyltransferasegenes (e.g., BMT1, BMT2, BMT3, and BMT4)(See, U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2006/0211085) or abrogating translation of RNAs encoding one or more of the beta-mannosyltransferasesusinginterfering RNA, antisense RNA, or the like. The scope of the present invention includes such an isolated eukaryotic host cell (e.g., Pichia pastoris) as well as antibody display systems comprising such eukaryotic host cells and methods of use thereof (as discussed herein).
[0045] "Eukaryotic host cells" also include lower eukaryote cells (e.g., yeast and filamentous fungi such as Pichia pastoris) that are genetically engineered to eliminate glycoproteins having phosphomannose residues, e.g., by deleting or disrupting one or both of the phosphomannosyl transferase genes PNO1 and MNN4B (See for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,198,921 and 7,259,007), which can include deleting or disrupting the MNN4A gene or abrogating translation of RNAs encoding one or more of the phosphomannosyltransferases using interfering RNA, antisense RNA, or the like. In an embodiment of the invention, a "eukaryotic host cell" has been genetically modified to produce glycoproteins that have predominantly an N-glycan selected from the group consisting of complex N-glycans, hybrid N-glycans, and high mannose N-glycans wherein complex N-glycans are, in an embodiment of the invention, selected from the group consisting of Man.sub.3GlcNAc.sub.2, GlcNAC.sub.(1-4)Man.sub.3GlcNAc.sub.2, NANA.sub.(1-4)GlcNAc.sub.(1-4)Man.sub.3GlcNAc.sub.2, and NANA.sub.(1-4)Gal.sub.(1-4) Man.sub.3GlcNAc.sub.2; hybrid N-glycans are, in an embodiment of the invention, selected from the group consisting of Man.sub.5GlcNAc.sub.2, GlcNAcMan.sub.5GlcNAc.sub.2, GalGlcNAcMan.sub.5GlcNAc.sub.2, and NANAGalGlcNAcMan.sub.5GlcNAc.sub.2; and high mannose N-glycans are, in an embodiment of the invention, selected from the group consisting of Man.sub.6GlcNAc.sub.2, Man.sub.7GlcNAc.sub.2, Mang.sub.81cNAc.sub.2, and Man.sub.9GlcNAc.sub.2. The scope of the present invention includes such an isolated eukaryotic host cell (e.g., Pichia pastoris) as well as antibody display systems comprising such eukaryotic host cells and methods of use thereof (as discussed herein).
[0046] As used herein, the term "essentially free of" as it relates to lack of a particular sugar residue, such as fucose, or galactose or the like, on a glycoprotein, is used to indicate that the glycoprotein composition is substantially devoid of N-glycans which contain such residues. Expressed in terms of purity, essentially free means that the amount of N-glycan structures containing such sugar residues does not exceed 10%, and preferably is below 5%, more preferably below 1%, most preferably below 0.5%, wherein the percentages are by weight or by mole percent.
[0047] As used herein, a glycoprotein composition "lacks" or "is lacking" a particular sugar residue, such as fucose or galactose, when no detectable amount of such sugar residue is present on the N-glycan structures. For example, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, the glycoprotein compositions are produced by lower eukaryotic organisms, as discussed herein, and will "lack fucose," because the cells of these organisms do not have the enzymes needed to produce fucosylated N-glycan structures. Thus, the term "essentially free of fucose" encompasses the term "lacking fucose." However, a composition may be "essentially free of fucose" even if the composition at one time contained fucosylated N-glycan structures or contains limited, but detectable amounts of fucosylated N-glycan structures as described above.
[0048] For example, a host cell which introduces, eliminates or modifies sugar residues on an immunoglobulin expressed in the host cell, e.g., as is discussed herein, may, in certain instances, be referred to herein as a "controlled glycosylation host cell."
[0049] Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a specialized type of flow cytometry. It provides a method for sorting a heterogeneous mixture of biological cells into two or more containers, one cell at a time, based upon the specific light scattering and fluorescent characteristics of each cell. During the cell sorting process, the cell suspension is entrained in the center of a narrow, rapidly flowing stream of liquid. The flow is arranged so that there is a separation between cells relative to their diameter. A vibrating mechanism causes the stream of cells to break into individual droplets. The system is adjusted so that there is a low probability of more than one cell per droplet. Just before the stream breaks into droplets, the flow passes through a fluorescence measuring station where the fluorescent character of interest of each cell is measured. An electrical charging ring is placed just at the point where the stream breaks into droplets. A charge is placed on the ring based on the immediately-prior fluorescence intensity measurement, and the opposite charge is trapped on the droplet as it breaks from the stream. The charged droplets then fall through an electrostatic deflection system that diverts droplets into containers based upon their charge. In some systems, the charge is applied directly to the stream, and the droplet breaking off retains charge of the same sign as the stream. The stream is then returned to neutral after the droplet breaks off. The present invention encompasses methods of using the antibody display system of the present invention, e.g., as discussed herein, wherein the eukaryotic host cells that are bound to an antigen of interest (by the Fc/antigen-binding fragment) are sorted from unbound cells or cells without sufficient levels of binding, by FACS sorting, based on whether the cells are labeled with a detectable fluorescent label (e.g., wherein the antigen itself or a secondary antibody is labeled). Such sorted labeled host cells and compositions comprising such sorted labeled host cells are also part of the present invention.
[0050] A regulatable promoter is a promoter whose expression can be induced or inhibited. Embodiments of the invention include the antibody display system wherein expression of the bait is controlled by a regulatable promoter as well as methods of use thereof as discussed herein. Polynucleotides encoding the bait, operably associated with a regulatable promoter also form part of the present invention along with isolated eukaryotic host cells including the polynucleotides. Examples of regulatable promoters that occur in yeast include the GUT1 promoter, GADPH promoter and the PCK1 promoter.
[0051] In an embodiment of the invention, expression of a polynucleotide (e.g., the bait) in a eukaryotic host cell (e.g., a bait) is inhibited by exposing the cells to anti-sense RNA or by RNA interference (e.g., microRNA (miRNA) or small interfering RNA (miRNA)). Embodiments of the invention include methods of using antibody display system (e.g., as discussed herein) wherein expression of the bait is inhibited by RNA interference or anti-sense RNA. Isolated eukaryotic host cells of the present invention (e.g., as discussed herein) comprising bait and further comprising an anti-sense or RNA interference molecule that inhibits bait expression are part of the present invention.
Antibodies
[0052] Antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof identified in connection with use of the present invention (e.g., use of the antibody display system of the present invention) may be reformatted into any suitable form. For example, CDRs from a full antibody isolated using the antibody display system can be incorporated into a different framework (e.g., a human framework) to generate a distinct antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprising the CDRs isolated from the antibody display system of the present invention. Methods for producing chimeric, humanized and human antibodies are well known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,530,101, issued to Queen et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,539, issued to Winter et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,397 issued to Boss et al. Such methods for reformatting an antibody or antigen-binding fragment or for relocating CDRs from one framework to another are conventional and well known in the art. For example, the CDRs of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment can be used to generate monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antibodies, recombinant antibodies, anti-idiotypic antibodies, humanized antibodies and bispecific antibodies; or antigen-binding fragments thereof such as nanobodies, Fab, Fab', F(ab').sub.2, Fv fragments; dsFv; (dsFv).sub.2, ds diabodies; dsFv-dsFv'; single-chain antibody molecules, e.g., sc-Fv, sc-Fv dimers (bivalent diabodies); and bispecific diabodies.
[0053] A full antibody comprises a tetramer of subunits. Each tetramer has two identical pairs of polypeptide chains, each pair having one "light" chain (LC) (about 25 kDa) and one "heavy" chain (HC) (about 50-70 kDa). The amino-terminal portion of each chain includes a variable region of about 100 to 110 or more amino acids primarily responsible for antigen recognition. The carboxy-terminal portion of each chain defines a constant domain, in part, responsible for effector function. Light chains (LCs) are classified as either kappa or lambda based on the type of constant domain in the light chain. Heavy chains (HCs) are classified as gamma, mu, alpha, delta, or epsilon, based on the type of constant domain in the heavy chain, and define the antibody's isotype as IgG (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3 or IgG4), IgM, IgA (e.g., IgA1 or IgA2), IgD or IgE, respectively.
[0054] The present invention encompasses methods for making an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising introducing, into an isolated host cell (e.g., a eukaryotic host cell such as Pichia, e.g., Pichia pastoris) comprising a bait that includes a human Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof (e.g., human; e.g., comprising a VH-CH1, CH2-CH3 or CH3 polypeptide) fused to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof, one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin light chain variable region; and/or one or more polynucleotides encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region and culturing the host cell under condition whereby the polynucleotides encoding the immunoglobulin chains are expressed and an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is formed from said chains.
[0055] In an embodiment of the invention, said bait is operably associated with a regulatable promoter and the bait expression is inhibited when said immunoglobulin chains are expressed. In an embodiment of the invention, bait expression is inhibited with anti-sense RNA or by RNA interference.
[0056] The present invention also provides a method for determining the quantity of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, e.g., by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For example, in an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises culturing a eukaryotic host cell comprising an isolated polypeptide comprising a bait polypeptide (Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof (e.g., human; e.g., comprising a VH-CH1, CH2-CH3 or CH3 polypeptide) fused to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof); wherein the host cell secretes full antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (optionally, the antibody or fragment is isolated from the host cell and/or culture medium); and determining the quantity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof by ELISA. In an embodiment of the invention, expression of the bait is inhibited before quantitation such that the host cell expresses and secretes only full antibody. Bait polynucleotide can be operably associated with a regulatable promoter which is inhibited so as to inhibit bait expression. For example, in an embodiment of the invention, ELISA comprises coating the antigen on a solid substrate; binding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof to the antigen; binding a detectably labeled secondary antibody to the antibody or fragment; and detecting the secondary antibody. In an embodiment of the invention, the secondary antibody is labeled with alkaline phosphatase or horse radish peroxidase. In an embodiment of the invention, the label is detected by binding the alkaline phosphatase (AP) or horse radish peroxidase (HRP) with substrate and measuring absorbance of the plate (e.g., HRP substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB); HRP substrate 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB); or HRP substrate 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS); or AP substrate para-nitrophenylphosphate).
[0057] The present invention also provides a method for determining the affinity of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, that is secreted from a eukaryotic host cell in the antibody display system of the present invention, for an antigen. For example, the affinity can be determined by standard affinity ELISA, Biacore analysis or competition assays.
Antibody Display System
[0058] The present invention provides an antibody display system, composition or kit comprising (1) a eukaryotic host cell and (2) a bait comprising an Fc (e.g., a human Fc, e.g., comprising a VH-CH1, a CH3, or a CH2-CH3 polypeptide) fused, at the N- or C-terminus, (optionally, by a peptide linker such as GGG) to a surface anchor which bait is optionally linked to a signal sequence (e.g., an alpha mating factor signal sequence, e.g., from Saccharomyces cerevisiae); which system may be used, for example, in the identification of antibodies. Thus, in an embodiment of the invention, the host cell in the system expresses one or more immunoglobulin chains (e.g., light and heavy chains, e.g., wherein one or more of the chains are from a library source) of an antibody and/or of an Fc/antigen-binding fragment thereof. In an embodiment of the invention, the immunoglobulin chains of an antibody and/or of an Fc/antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an identical or different CH2-CH3 polypeptide from that of the bait.
[0059] An Fc/antigen-binding fragment of an antibody (1) complexes with the Fc moiety of the bait (e.g., a human Fc, e.g., comprising a VH-CH1, CH3 or CH2-CH3 polypeptide) and (2) binds to an antigen when complexed with the bait on the surface of the host cell. An example of an Fc/antigen-binding fragment is a monovalent fragment of a full antibody (i.e., a monovalent antibody fragment). In an embodiment of the invention, the bait comprises a CH2-CH3 polypeptide or functional fragment thereof that differs at one or more residues from the CH2-CH3 of the Fc/antigen-binding fragment of an antibody. In such an embodiment of the invention, when the bait and the Fc/antigen-binding fragment of an antibody bind, a heterodimeric Fc domain is formed.
[0060] A "monovalent antibody fragment" comprises one half of an antibody, i.e., the antibody heavy chain (VH-CH1-CH2-CH3) bound to the antibody light chain (VL-CL) comprising three paired CDRs, e.g., wherein CH1 and CL are bound by a disulfide bridge, which monovalent antibody fragment is capable of detectably binding an antigen.
[0061] The "bait" comprises an Fc domain (e.g., human, rat, rabbit, goat or mouse Fc, e.g., any part of the heavy chain (e.g., human, rat, rabbit, goat or mouse) such as, for example, a CH3 polypeptide, a VH-CH1 polypeptide or a CH2-CH3 polypeptide) fused, e.g., at the amino-terminus or carboxy-terminus, to a surface anchor, which bait possesses functional properties described herein (e.g., as set forth below) that enable the bait to function in the antibody display system of the present invention. The Fc domain can, in an embodiment of the invention, be mutated so as to improve its ability to function in the antibody display system of the present invention, for example, cysteines or other residues may be added or moved to allow for more extensive disulfide bridges to form when complexed with a human IgG Fc or Fc/antigen-binding fragment. An Fc suitable for use in the bait comprises an Fc (i.e., comprising the CH1 and/or CH2 and/or CH3 domains) or functional fragment thereof (e.g., from an IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 or a mutant thereof) that is capable of dimerizing, when fused to a surface anchor protein, with, for example, a human IgG Fc or with the Fc/antigen-binding fragment on the surface of a eukaryotic host cell. In an embodiment of the invention, the term "Fc" refers to the "fragment crystallized" C-terminal region of an antibody containing the CH2 and CH3 domains. In an embodiment of the invention, dimerization between the bait Fc and the Fc/antigen-binding fragment occurs intracellularly, prior to routing to the cell surface, wherein the Fc and an Fc/antigen-binding fragment remain associated once at the cell surface. In general, in the absence of the Fc/antigen-binding fragment, the bait homodimerizes; thus comprising two surface anchors and two Fc domains. In an embodiment of the invention, a full antibody that is co-expressed with the bait comprises light and heavy chains capable of dimerizing with each other to form a monovalent antibody fragment, which monovalent antibody fragment dimerizes with the Fc of the bait.
[0062] An antigen can be any immunogenic molecule or substance, for example, a polypeptide (e.g., an oligopeptide), a cell membrane, cell extract or a whole cell. Polypeptide antigens include, for example, the following polypeptides: chemokines, cytokines (e.g., inflammatory cytokines or chemokines), receptors, PCSK9, granulocyte-CSF; coagulation factors such as factor VIII, factor IX, and human protein C; soluble IgE receptor alpha-chain; urokinase; chymase and urea trypsin inhibitor; IGF-binding protein; insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, vascular epidermal growth factor, epidermal growth factor; growth hormone-releasing factor; GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein), annexin V fusion protein; IL-23p19, IL-23p40, IL-23R, IL12R-beta 1, TNF alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha), TGF beta (transforming growth factor beta), IL-10, IL-17, TSLP (Thymic stromal lymphopoietin), angiostatin; vascular endothelial growth factor-2; myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor-1; osteoprotegerin (OPG), RANK (receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B) or RANKL (receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand); any of which can be, in an embodiment of the invention, human.
[0063] A "surface anchor" is any polypeptide that, when fused with an Fc or functional fragment thereof, is expressed and located to the cell surface where an Fc/antigen-binding fragment can complex with the Fc or functional fragment thereof. An example of a cell surface anchor is a protein such as, but not limited to, SED-1, .alpha.-agglutinin, Cwp1, Cwp2, GasI, Yap3, FIoIp1 Crh2, Pirl, Pir4, Tipl, Wpi, Hpwpl, Als3, and Rbt5; for example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae CWP1, CWP2, SEDT, or GAS1; Pichia pastoris SP1 or GAS1; or H. polymorpha TIP1. In an embodiment of the invention, the surface anchor is any glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored (GPI) protein. A functional fragment of a surface anchor comprises a fragment of a full surface anchor polypeptide that is capable of forming a functional bait when fused to an Fc or functional fragment thereof; e.g., wherein the fragment, when expressed in a eukaryotic host cell as a Fc fusion, is located on the cell surface wherein the Fc is capable of forming a complex with an Fc/antigen-binding fragment (e.g., a monovalent antibody fragment).
[0064] As discussed herein, a suitable eukaryotic host cell for use in the antibody display system of the present invention is a Pichia cell such as Pichia pastoris.
[0065] The scope of the present invention encompasses an isolated eukaryotic host cell (e.g., Pichia pastoris) comprising a bait (i.e., comprising the human Fc domain or functional fragment thereof fused, e.g., at the amino-terminus or carboxy-terminus, to the surface anchor or functional fragment thereof) on the cell surface wherein the bait is dimerized with an Fc/antigen-binding fragment, e.g., by binding between the bait Fc and the heavy chain of a monovalent antibody fragment (e.g., between the CH2-CH3 polypeptides in the bait and the Fc/antigen-binding fragment). The present invention also includes a composition comprising a eukaryotic host cell comprising a bait and secreted antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof and/or Fc/antigen-binding fragment thereof, e.g., in a liquid culture medium.
[0066] The present invention provides, for example, a method for identifying (i) an antibody or Fc/antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds specifically to an antigen of interest and/or (ii) a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain of said antibody or fragment and/or a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin light chain of said antibody or fragment. The method comprises, in an embodiment of the invention:
[0067] (a) co-expressing a bait (e.g., comprising a polypeptide comprising a CH3, VH-CH1 or CH2-CH3 polypeptide that is linked to a cell surface anchor, such as SED1) and one or more heavy and light immunoglobulin chains (e.g., wherein one or more of such chains are encoded by a polynucleotide from a library source) in an isolated eukaryotic host cell (e.g., Pichia pastoris) such that a complex between the Fc moiety of the bait (e.g., comprising a VH-CH1, CH3 or CH2-CH3 polypeptide) and an Fc/antigen-binding fragment (e.g., a monovalent antibody fragment) comprising the immunoglobulin chains forms, and is located at the cell surface; for example, wherein the host cell is transformed with one or more polynucleotides encoding the bait and the immunoglobulin chains;
[0068] (b) identifying a eukaryotic host cell expressing the bait, dimerized with the Fc/antigen-binding fragment of the antibody (e.g., a monovalent antibody fragment), which has detectable affinity (e.g., acceptable affinity) for the antigen (e.g., which detectably binds to the antigen); for example, wherein the bait, and light and heavy chain immunoglobulins are encoded by the polynucleotides in the eukaryotic host cell;
[0069] In an embodiment of the invention, non-tethered, secreted full antibodies comprising light and heavy chain immunoglobulin variable domains identical to those complexed with the bait (e.g., immunoglobulins that are expressed from the host cell) are analyzed to determine if they possess detectable affinity.
[0070] In an embodiment of the invention, the full antibodies are secreted from the host cell into the medium. In an embodiment of the invention, the full antibodies are isolated from the host cell.
[0071] In an embodiment of the invention, after step (b), expression of the bait in the host cell is inhibited, but expression of the full antibodies is not inhibited. In this embodiment of the invention, the host cell expresses only the full antibody but does not express the bait at any significant quantity. Once expression of the bait is inhibited, in an embodiment of the invention, the full antibody produced from the host cell is analyzed to determine if it possesses detectable affinity (e.g., acceptable affinity); and,
[0072] (c) identifying said antibodies or antigen-binding fragments or polynucleotides if detectable binding of the Fc/antigen-binding fragment is observed, e.g., wherein one or more of the polynucleotides encoding the light and/or heavy chain immunoglobulin are optionally isolated from the host cell. In an embodiment of the invention, the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide is determined.
[0073] In an embodiment of the invention, a population of host cells express a common bait and a common immunoglobulin heavy chain as well a variety of different light chain immunoglobulins, e.g., from a library source, wherein individual light chain immunoglobulins that form Fc/antigen-binding fragments and full antibodies that are tethered to the bait and which exhibit antigen binding can be identified. Similarly, in an embodiment of the invention, a population of host cells express a common bait and a common immunoglobulin light chain as well a variety of different heavy chain immunoglobulins, e.g., from a library source, wherein individual heavy chain immunoglobulins that form Fc/antigen-binding fragments and full antibodies that are tethered to the bait and which exhibit antigen binding can be identified.
[0074] In an embodiment of the invention, the host cell possessing polynucleotides encoding the heavy and light chain immunoglobulins can be further used to express the secreted non-tethered antibody (e.g., full antibody) or an antigen-binding fragment thereof in culture. For example, in this embodiment of the invention, expression of the bait is optionally inhibited so that bait expression at significant quantities does not occur. The host cell is then cultured in a culture medium under conditions whereby secreted, non-tethered antibody (e.g., full antibody) or antigen-binding fragment thereof is expressed and secreted from the host cell. The non-tethered antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof can optionally be isolated from the host cell and culture medium. In an embodiment of the invention, the immunoglobulin chains are transferred to a separate host cell (e.g., lacking the antibody display system components) for recombinant expression.
[0075] The present invention provides, for example, a method for identifying (i) an antibody or Fc/antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds specifically to an antigen of interest which comprises a second CH2-CH3 that differs from a first CH2-CH3 of a bait at one or more residues or (ii) a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain of said antibody or fragment and/or a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin light chain of said antibody or fragment. The method comprises, in an embodiment of the invention:
[0076] (a) co-expressing a bait comprising a first CH2-CH3 polypeptide; along with a heavy immunoglobulin chain comprising said second CH2-CH3 polypeptide (e.g., wherein said heavy immunoglobulin chain is from a library source) and a light immunoglobulin chain (e.g., VL-CL), in an isolated eukaryotic host cell (e.g., Pichia pastoris) such that a complex between the first CH2-CH3 polypeptide of the bait and the second CH2-CH3 polypeptide of a Fc/antigen-binding fragment binds and is located at the cell surface; for example, wherein the host cell is transformed with one or more polynucleotides encoding the bait and the immunoglobulin chains;
[0077] (b) identifying a eukaryotic host cell expressing the bait, dimerized with the Fc/antigen-binding fragment which has detectable affinity (e.g., acceptable affinity) for the antigen; for example, wherein the bait, and light and heavy chain immunoglobulins are encoded by the polynucleotides in the eukaryotic host cell; and, optionally,
[0078] (c) identifying said antibodies or antigen-binding fragments or polynucleotides if detectable binding of the Fc/antigen-binding fragment is observed, e.g., wherein one or more of the polynucleotides encoding the light and/or heavy chain immunoglobulin are optionally isolated from the host cell. In an embodiment of the invention, the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide is determined.
[0079] The antibody display system of the present invention may be use to evaluate the effects of a given glycosylation pattern on the affinity of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof for an antigen. In general, the ability of the Fc/antigen-binding fragment comprising an altered glyosylation pattern may be evaluated for binding to the antigen, after which affinity of the full antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof can be evaluated. Glycosylation patterns can be modified on the immunoglobulin chains expressed in the antibody display system, for example, by using a host cell, e.g., as is discussed herein, that modifies the glycosylation patterns when the chains are expressed and/or by culturing a host under conditions whereby the glycosylation pattern is modified, e.g., as discussed herein. For example, in an embodiment of the invention, the method comprise contacting an antibody display system with said antigen; wherein the antibody display system comprises: (a) an isolated eukaryotic controlled glycosylation host cell comprising a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin light chain; and a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain; and (b) a bait comprising an Fc immunoglobulin domain or functional fragment thereof fused to a surface anchor polypeptide or functional fragment thereof on the surface of said eukaryotic host cell; wherein the Fc of said bait complexes with an Fc/antigen-binding fragment comprising said immunoglobulin heavy and immunoglobulin light chains on the surface of the host cell; wherein said heavy or light chain comprises said sugar; determining if said Fc/antigen-binding fragment specifically binds to said antigen; determining the binding affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising said sugar for the antigen; and comparing the affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof with affinity of an otherwise identical antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof which lacks said sugar; wherein the sugar is determined to increase affinity for the antigen if the affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising said sugar is higher than the affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof which lacks the sugar, and/or wherein the sugar is determined to decrease affinity for the antigen if the affinity of antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising said sugar is lower than the affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof which lacks the sugar. For example, the affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof lacking the sugar can be determined in a similar manner in the antibody display system of the present invention or the affinity or it can be determined directly by measuring affinity by a known method such as ELISA, biacore assay or a competition assay.
[0080] Bait expression can be inhibited by any of several acceptable means. For example, the polynucleotides encoding the bait (e.g., the surface anchor and/or Fc) can be expressed by a regulatable promoter whose expression can be inhibited in the host cell. In an embodiment of the invention, bait expression is inhibited by RNA interference, anti-sense RNA, mutation or removal of the polynucleotide encoding the bait (e.g., surface anchor and/or Fc) from the host cell or genetic mutation of the polynucleotide so that the host cell does not express a functional bait.
[0081] "Acceptable affinity" refers to antibody or antigen-binding fragment affinity for the antigen which is at least 10.sup.-3 M or a greater affinity (lower number), e.g., 10.sup.-3 M, 10.sup.-4 M, 10.sup.-5 M, 10.sup.-6 M, 10.sup.-7 M, 10.sup.-8 M, 10.sup.-9 M, 10.sup.-10 M, 10.sup.-11 M or 10.sup.-12 M.
[0082] In an embodiment of the present invention, polynucleotides encoding the antibody or Fc/antigen-binding fragment (e.g., monovalent antibody fragment) heavy and light chain are in one or more libraries of polynucleotides that encode light and/or heavy chain immunoglobulins (e.g., one library encoding light chains and one library encoding heavy chains). The particular immunoglobulin chains of interest are, in this embodiment, distinguished from the other chains in the library when the surface-anchored Fc/antigen-binding fragment on the host cell surface is observed to bind to an antigen of interest.
[0083] In an embodiment of the invention, the heavy or light chain immunoglobulin expressed in the antibody display system is from a library source and the other immunoglobulin chain is known (i.e., a single chain from a clonal source). In this embodiment of the invention, the antibody display system can be used, as discussed herein, to identify a new library chain that forms desirable antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof when coupled with the known chain. Alternatively, the antibody display system can be used to analyze expression and binding characteristics of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising two known immunoglobulin chains.
[0084] In an embodiment of the invention, cells expressing Fc/antigen-binding fragments tethered to the cell by an anchor such as SEDT that bind to an antigen can be detected by incubating the cells with fluorescently labeled antigen (e.g., biotin label) and sorting/selecting cells that specifically bind the antigen by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).
[0085] In an embodiment of the invention, the eukaryotic host cells expressing the bait dimerized with the Fc/antigen-binding fragment are identified and sorted using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). For example, in an embodiment of the invention, cells expressing the bait dimerized with the Fc/antigen-binding fragment on the cell surface are labeled with a fluorescent antigen or fluorescent secondary antibody that also binds to the antigen. The fluorescent label is detected during the FACS sorting and used as the signal for sorting. Labeled cells indicate the presence of a cell surface expressed bait/Fc/antigen-binding fragment/antigen complex and are collected in one vessel whereas cells not expressing signal are collected in a separate vessel. The present invention, accordingly, includes the a method comprising the following steps for determining if an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof from a library specifically binds to an antigen:
[0086] (1) Transform:
[0087] (i) one or more immunoglobulin libraries, containing polynucleotides encoding light and heavy chain immunoglobulins;
[0088] (ii) one or more immunoglobulin libraries, containing polynucleotides encoding light chain immunoglobulins and a single clonal heavy chain immunoglobulin; or
[0089] (iii) one or more immunoglobulin libraries, containing polynucleotides encoding heavy chain immunoglobulins and a single clonal light chain immunoglobulin;
[0090] wherein, said chains are capable of forming an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, into a eukaryotic host cell comprising polynucleotides encoding the bait (e.g., Pichia pastoris);
[0091] (2) Grow transformed cells in a liquid culture medium;
[0092] (3) Allow expression of the bait on the surface of the cells;
[0093] (4) Label the cells with fluorescently labeled antigen or antigen bound to a fluorescently labeled secondary antibody;
[0094] (5) Sort and isolate fluorescently labeled cells using FACS for one round;
[0095] (6) Regrow the labeled, sorted cells;
[0096] (7) Allow expression of the bait in the cells;
[0097] (8) Label the cells with fluorescently labeled antigen or antigen bound to a fluorescently labeled secondary antibody;
[0098] (9) Sort and isolate fluorescently labeled cells using FACS for a second round;
[0099] (10) Regrow the labeled, sorted cells on solid culture medium so that individual cellular clones grow into discrete cellular colonies;
[0100] (11) Identify colonies with affinity for the antigen;
[0101] (12) Grow cells from identified colonies in a liquid culture medium and isolate supernatant containing full, non-tethered antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising the immunoglobulin light and heavy chains; wherein, expression of the bait is optionally inhibited;
[0102] (13) Determine affinity of non-tethered antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof, from the supernatant, for the antigen and identify clones with acceptable affinity (e.g., by Biacore analysis);
[0103] (14) Determine the nucleotide sequence of polynucleotides in the identified clones encoding the heavy and light chain immunoglobulins.
[0104] The scope of the present invention also includes a method for identifying polynucleotides encoding a heavy chain and light chain immunoglobulin of an antibody or for identifying an antibody which exhibits high stability. Such a method comprises the following steps:
[0105] (a) co-expressing the bait and the polynucleotides encoding the heavy and light chains in a eukaryotic host cell (e.g., Pichia pastoris) while subjecting antibodies comprising said chains to a denaturant;
[0106] In an embodiment of the invention, a denaturant is present in a concentration or amount or magnitude (e.g., at a sufficiently high temperature) that a practitioner of ordinary skill in the art would expect to, at least partially, denature an antibody and, thus, inhibit its ability to bind to an antigen. For example, possible denaturants include urea (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 M or more), detergent such as triton X-100 (e.g., 1% or more), dithiothreitol (DTT) (e.g., 250 mM or 500 mM or more), guanidine hydrochloride, light (e.g., ultraviolet or visible), extreme pH (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 14, 13 or 12) or a temperature above about 4.degree. C., such as 37.degree. C. (e.g., 42.degree. C., 48.degree. C. or 50.degree. C.) or any combination thereof (e.g., 500 mM DTT/6 M urea).
[0107] (b) identifying a eukaryotic host cell expressing the bait, dimerized with the Fc/antigen-binding fragment (e.g., a monovalent antibody fragment), which fragment has detectable affinity (e.g., acceptable affinity) for the antigen; In an embodiment of the invention, full antibodies comprising light and heavy chain variable regions identical to those complexed with the bait are also analyzed to determine if they possess detectable affinity.
[0108] In an embodiment of the invention, the full antibodies are secreted from the host cell. In an embodiment of the invention, the full antibodies are isolated from the host cell.
[0109] In an embodiment of the invention, expression of the bait in the host cell is inhibited, but expression of the full antibodies is not inhibited. In this embodiment of the invention, the host cell expresses only the full antibody but does not express the bait at any significant quantity. Once expression of the bait is inhibited, in an embodiment of the invention, the full antibody produced from the host cell is analyzed to determine if it possesses detectable affinity (e.g., acceptable affinity).
[0110] ; and,
[0111] (c) identifying said antibodies or polynucleotides encoding the heavy and light chains from the cell wherein one or more of the polynucleotides are optionally isolated from the host cell; wherein antibodies exhibiting affinity for the antigen in the presence of denaturant are determined to exhibit high stability. In an embodiment of the invention, the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide is determined.
[0112] In an embodiment of the invention, a human Fc immunoglobulin domain for use in a bait comprises the following amino acid sequence:
TABLE-US-00001 (SEQ ID NO: 1) DKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHED PEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYK CKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVK GFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQG NVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPG
[0113] In an embodiment of the invention, SED1 comprises the following amino acid sequence:
TABLE-US-00002 (SEQ ID NO: 2) VDQFSNSTSASSTDVTSSSSISTSSGSVTITSSEAPESDNGTSTAAPTET STEAPTTAIPTNGTSTEAPTTAIPTNGTSTEAPTDTTTEAPTTALPTNGT STEAPTDTTTEAPTTGLPTNGTTSAFPPTTSLPPSNTTTTPPYNPSTDYT TDYTVVTEYTTYCPEPTTFTTNGKTYTVTEPTTLTITDCPCTIEKPTTTS TTEYTVVTEYTTYCPEPTTFTTNGKTYTVTEPTTLTITDCPCTIEKSEAP ESSVPVTESKGTTTKETGVTTKQTTANPSLTVSTVVPVSSSASSHSVVIN SNGANVVVPGALGLAGVAMLFL
[0114] In an embodiment of the invention, the human Fc immunoglobulin fused to the SED1 polypeptide is linked to a signal sequence such as an alpha mating factor signal sequence (e.g., MRFPSIFTAVLFAASSALA (SEQ ID NO: 3))
[0115] In an embodiment of the invention, the bait comprising the human Fc immunoglobulin domain fused to a SED1 polypeptide comprise the amino acid sequence:
TABLE-US-00003 (SEQ ID NO: 4) MRFPSIFTAVLFAASSALADKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTL MISRTPEVICVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYR VVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTL PPSREEMTKNQVSLICLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTIPPVLDSD GSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGGGGVD QFSNSTSASSTDVISSSSISTSSGSVTITSSEAPESDNGTSTAAPTETST EAPTTAIPTNGTSTEAPTTAIPTNGTSTEAPTDTTTEAPTTALPTNGTST EAPTDTTTEAPTTGLPTNGTTSAFPPTTSLPPSNTTTTPPYNPSTDYTTD YTVVTEYTTYCPEPTTFTTNGKTYTVTEPTTLTITDCPCTIEKPTTTSTT EYTVVTEYTTYCPEPTTFTTNGKTYTVTEPTTLTITDCPCTIEKSEAPES SVPVTESKGTTTKETGVTTKQTTANPSLTVSTVVPVSSSASSHSVVINSN GANVVVPGALGLAGVAMLFL.
The Fc immunoglobulin domain is underscored and the linked is in bold face font. The SEDT polypeptide follows the linker and an alpha mating factor signal peptide is before the Fc.
EXAMPLES
[0116] The present invention is intended to exemplify the present invention and not to be a limitation thereof. The methods and compositions (e.g., polypeptides, polynucleotides, plasmids, yeast cells) disclosed below fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Construction and Use of Antibody Display System
Construction of Antibody Display Bait
[0117] Expression cassettes were constructed as follows. A polynucleotide encoding the N-terminus of a cell surface anchoring protein that inherently contains an attached glycophosphotidylinositol (GPI) post-translational modification that anchors the protein on the yeast cell wall was linked to a nucleic acid sequence that encodes the human IgG1 Fc region. The specific cell surface anchoring protein we used was S. cerevisiae Sed1 protein, which had been identified by screening a panel of cell wall of plasma membrane proteins that had been identified using GPI protein prediction software (described in international publication no. WO09/111183).
[0118] To create the plasmid containing bait cassette, a codon optimized sequence of human IgG1 Fc fragment was synthesized using an EcoRI forward PCR primer containing the nucleic acid sequence of S. cerevisiae .alpha.-mating factor signal sequence fused upstream of the sequence encoding the IgG1 Fc N-terminus, and a SalI reverse primer encoding the C-terminus of IgG1 Fc that terminates in a sequence encoding a GGGG linker. A plasmid containing the anti-Her2 gene sequence was used as a PCR template for amplification of an EcoRI-.alpha.-mating factor signal sequence-Fc-GGGG-SalI fragment. Both PCR product and pGLY3033 (described in international publication no. WO09/111183) were digested using EcoRI and SalI endonucleases. The EcoRI-SalI fragment encoding the Fc was ligated in frame to EcoRI-SalI pGLY3033 backbone to generate plasmid pGLY9008 (FIG. 2). This plasmid enables delivery of the Fc-SEDT cassette under the control of the Pichia pastoris AOX1 promoter sequence. Like the parent plasmid it contains, the Pichia pastoris URA6 gene sequence, which serves as an integration locus in the genome, and the arsenite resistance gene, to allow selection on media containing sodium aresnite.
[0119] The pGLY3033 plasmid sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence:
TABLE-US-00004 (SEQ ID NO: 5) TCGCGCGTTTCGGTGATGACGGTGAAAACCTCTGA CACATGCAGCTCCCGGAGACGGTCACAGCTTGTCT GTAAGCGGATGCCGGGAGCAGACAAGCCCGTCAGG GCGCGTCAGCGGGTGTTGGCGGGTGTCGGGGCTGG CTTAACTATGCGGCATCAGAGCAGATTGTACTGAG AGTGCACCATATGCGGTGTGAAATACCGCACAGAT GCGTAAGGAGAAAATACCGCATCAGGCGCCATTCG CCATTCAGGCTGCGCAACTGTTGGGAAGGGCGATC GGTGCGGGCCTCTTCGCTATTACGCCAGCTGGCGA AAGGGGGATGTGCTGCAAGGCGATTAAGTTGGGTA ACGCCAGGGTTTTCCCAGTCACGACGTTGTAAAAC GACGGCCAGTGAATTGAGATCTAACATCCAAAGAC GAAAGGTTGAATGAAACCTTTTTGCCATCCGACAT CCACAGGTCCATTCTCACACATAAGTGCCAAACGC AACAGGAGGGGATACACTAGCAGCAGACCGTTGCA AACGCAGGACCTCCACTCCTCTTCTCCTCAACACC CACTTTTGCCATCGAAAAACCAGCCCAGTTATTGG GCTTGATTGGAGCTCGCTCATTCCAATTCCTTCTA TTAGGCTACTAACACCATGACTTTATTAGCCTGTC TATCCTGGCCCCCCTGGCGAGGTTCATGTTTGTTT ATTTCCGAATGCAACAAGCTCCGCATTACACCCGA ACATCACTCCAGATGAGGGCTTTCTGAGTGTGGGG TCAFATAGTTTCATGTTCCCCAAATGGCCCAAAAC TGACAGTTTAAACGCTGTCTTGGAACCTAATATGA CAAAAGCGTGATCTCATCCAAGATGAACTAAGTTT GGTTCGTTGAAATGCTAACGGCCAGTTGGTCAAAA AGAAACTTCCAAAAGTCGGCATACCGTTTGTCTTG TTTGGTATTGATTGACGAATGCTCAAAAATAATCT CATTAATGCTTAGCGCAGTCTCTCTATCGCTTCTG AACCCCGGTGCACCTGTGCCGAAACGCAAATGGGG AAACACCCGCTTTTTGGATGATTATGCATTGTCTC CACATTGTATGCTTCCAAGATTCTGGTGGGAATAC TGCTGATAGCCTAACGTTCATGATCAAAATTTAAC TGTTCTAACCCCTACTTGACAGCAATATATAAACA GAAGGAAGCTGCCCTGTCTTAAACCTTTTTTTTTA TCATCATTATTAGCTTACTTTCATAATTGCGACTG GTTCCTATTGACTAGCTTTTGATTTTAACGACTTT TTACGACAACTTGAGAAGATCAAAAAACAACTAAT TATTCGAAACGGAATTCacgatggtcgcttggtgg tctttgtttctgtacggtcttcaggtcgctgcacc tgctttggctACTTCCAGATTGGAGGGATTGCAAT CCGAAAACCACAGATTGAGAATGAAGATCACTGAG TTGGACAAGGACTTGGAGGAAGTTACTATGCAGTT GCAGGATGTTGGTGGTTGTGAGCAGAAGTTGATCT CCGAAGAGGATTTGGTCGACCAATTCTCTAACTCT ACTTCCGCTTCCTCTACTGACGTTACTTCCTCCTC CTCTATTTCTACTTCCTCCGGTTCCGTTACTATTA CTTCCTCTGAGGCTCCAGAATCTGACAACGGTACT TCTACTGCTGCTCCAACTGAAACTTCTACTGAGGC TCCTACTACTGCTATTCCAACTAACGGAACTTCCA CAGAGGCTCCAACAACAGCTATCCCTACAAACGGT ACATCCACTGAAGCTCCTACTGACACTACTACAGA AGCTCCAACTACTGCTTTGCCTACTAATGGTACAT CAACAGAGGCTCCTACAGATACAACAACTGAAGCT CCAACAACTGGATTGCCAACAAACGGTACTACTTC TGCTTTCCCACCAACTACTTCCTTGCCACCATCCA ACACTACTACTACTCCACCATACAACCCATCCACT GACTACACTACTGACTACACAGTTGTTACTGAGTA CACTACTTACTGTCCAGAGCCAACTACTTTCACAA CAAACGGAAAGACTTACACTGTTACTGAGCCTACT ACTTTGACTATCACTGACTGTCCATGTACTATCGA GAAGCCAACTACTACTTCCACTACAGAGTATACTG TTGTTACAGAATACACAACATATTGTCCTGAGCCA ACAACATTCACTACTAATGGAAAAACATACACAGT TACAGAACCAACTACATTGACAATTACAGATTGTC CTTGTACAATTGAGAAGTCCGAGGCTCCTGAATCT TCTGTTCCAGTTACTGAATCCAAGGGTACTACTAC TAAAGAAACTGGTGTTACTACTAAGCAGACTACTG CTAACCCATCCTTGACTGTTTCCACTGTTGTTCCA GTTTCTTCCTCTGCTTCTTCCCACTCCGTTGTTAT CAACTCCAACGGTGCTAACGTTGTTGTTCCTGGTG CTTTGGGATTGGCTGGTGTTGCTATGTTGTTCTTG TTATAGGGCCGGCCATTTAAATACAGGCCCCTTTT CCTTTGTCGATATCATGTAATTAGTTATGTCACGC TTACATTCACGCCCTCCTCCCACATCCGCTCTAAC CGAAAAGGAAGGAGTTAGACAACCTGAAGTCTAGG TCCCTATTTATTTTTTTTAATAGTTATGTTAGTAT TAAGAACGTTATTTATATTTCAAATTTTTCTTTTT TTTCTGTACAAACGCGTGTACGCATGTAACATTAT ACTGAAAACCTTGCTTGAGAAGGTTTTGGGACGCT CGAAGGCTTTAATTTGCAAGCTGGATCCGCGGCCG CTTACGCGCCGTTCTTCGCTTGGTCTTGTATCTCC TTACACTGTATCTTCCCATTTGCGTTTAGGTGGTT ATCAAAAACTAAAAGGAAAAATTTCAGATGTTTAT CTCTAAGGTTTTTTCTTTTTACAGTATAACACGTG ATGCGTCACGTGGTACTAGATTACGTAAGTTATTT TGGTCCGGTGGGTAAGTGGGTAAGTATAGAAAGCA TGTAGGTTTACAAAAACGCAGTCACGAATTATTGC TACTTCGAGCTTGGAACCACCCCAAAGATTATATT GTACTGATGCACTACCTTCTCGATTTTGCTCCTCC AAGAACCTACGAAAAACATTTCTTGAGCCTTTTCA ACCTAGACTACACATCAAGTTATTTAAGGTATGTT CCGTTAACATGTAAGAAAAGGAGAGGATAGATCGT TTATGGGGTACGTCGCCTGATTCAAGCGTGACCAT TCGAAGAATAGGCCTTCGAAAGCTGAATAAAGCAA ATGTCAGTTGCGATTGGTATGCTGACAAATTAGCA TAAAAAGCAATAGACTTTCTAACCACCTGTTTTTT TCCTTTTACTTTATTTATATTTTGCCACCGTACTA ACAAGTTCAGACAAATTAATTAACACCATGTCAGA AGATCAAAAAAGTGAAAATTCCGTACCTTCTAAGG TTAATATGGTGAATCGCACCGATATACTGACTACG ATCAAGTCATTGTCATGGCTTGACTTGATGTTGCC ATTTACTATAATTCTCTCCATAATCATTGCAGTAA TAATTTCTGTCTATGTGCCTTCTTCCCGTCACACT TTTGACGCTGAAGGTCATCCCAATCTAATGGGAGT GTCCATTCCTTTGACTGTTGGTATGATTGTAATGA TGATTCCCCCGATCTGCAAAGTTTCCTGGGAGTCT ATTCACAAGTACTTCTACAGGAGCTATATAAGGAA GCAACTAGCCCTCTCGTTATTTTTGAATTGGGTCA TCGGTCCTTTGTTGATGACAGCATTGGCGTGGATG GCGCTATTCGATTATAAGGAATACCGTCAAGGCAT TATTATGATCGGAGTAGCTAGATGCATTGCCATGG TGCTAATTTGGAATCAGATTGCTGGAGGAGACAAT GATCTCTGCGTCGTGCTTGTTATTACAAACTCGCT TTTACAGATGGTATTATATGCACCATTGCAGATAT TTTACTGTTATGTTATTTCTCATGACCACCTGAAT ACTTCAAATAGGGTATTATTCGAAGAGGTTGCAAA GTCTGTCGGAGTTTTTCTCGGCATACCACTGGGAA TTGGCATTATCATACGTTTGGGAAGTCTTACCATA GCTGGTAAAAGTAATTATGAAAAATACATTTTGAG ATTTATTTCTCCATGGGCAATGATCGGATTTCATT ACACTTTATTTGTTATTTTTATTAGTAGAGGTTAT CAATTTATCCACGAAATTGGTTCTGCAATATTGTG CTTTGTCCCATTGGTGCTTTACTTCTTTATTGCAT GGTTTTTGACCTTCGCATTAATGAGGTACTTATCA
ATATCTAGGAGTGATACACAAAGAGAATGTAGCTG TGACCAAGAACTACTTTTAAAGAGGGTCTGGGGAA GAAAGTCTTGTGAAGCTAGCTTTTCTATTACGATG ACGCAATGTTTCACTATGGCTTCAAATAATTTTGA ACTATCCCTGGCAATTGCTATTTCCTTATATGGTA ACAATAGCAAGCAAGCAATAGCTGCAACATTTGGG CCGTTGCTAGAAGTTCCAATTTTATTGATTTTGGC AATAGTCGCGAGAATCCTTAAACCATATTATATAT GGAACAATAGAAATTAATTAACAGGCCCCTTTTCC TTTGTCGATATCATGTAATTAGTTATGTCACGCTT ACATTCACGCCCTCCTCCCACATCCGCTCTAACCG AAAAGGAAGGAGTTAGACAACCTGAAGTCTAGGTC CCTATTTATTTTTTTTAATAGTTATGTTAGTATTA AGAACGTTATTTATATTTCAAATTTTTCTTTTTTT TCTGTACAAACGCGTGTACGCATGTAACATTATAC TGAAAACCTTGCTTGAGTAGGTTTTGGGACGCTCG TAGGCTTTTATTTGCAAGCTGCGGCCTAAGGCGCG CCAGGCCATAATGGCCCAAATGCAAGAGGACATTA GAAATGTGTTTGGTAAGAACATGAAGCCGGAGGCA TACAAACGATTCACAGATTTGAAGGAGGAAAACAA ACTGCATCCACCGGAAGTGCCAGCAGCCGTGTATG CCAACCTTGCTCTCAAAGGCATTCCTACGGATCTG AGTGGGAAATATCTGAGATTCACAGACCCACTATT GGAACAGTACCAAACCTAGTTTGGCCGATCCATGA TTATGTAATGCATATAGTTTTTGTCGATGCTCACC CGTTTCGAGTCTGTCTCGTATCGTCTTACGTATAA GTTCAAGCATGTTTACCAGGTCTGTTAGAAACTCC TTTGTGAGGGCAGGACCTATTCGTCTCGGTCCCGT TGTTTCTAAGAGACTGTACAGCCAAGCGCAGAATG GTGGCATTAACCATAAGAGGATTCTGATCGGACTT GGTCTATTGGCTATTGGAACCACCCTTTACGGGAC AACCAACCCTACCAAGACTCCTATTGCATTTGTGG AACCAGCCACGGAAAGAGCGTTTAAGGACGGAGAC GTCTCTGTGATTTTTGTTCTCGGAGGTCCAGGAGC TGGAAAAGGTACCCAATGTGCCAAACTAGTGAGTA ATTACGGATTTGTTCACCTGTCAGCTGGAGACTTG TTACGTGCAGAACAGAAGAGGGAGGGGTCTAAGTA TGGAGAGATGATTTCCCAGTATATCAGAGATGGAC TGATAGTACCTCAAGAGGTCACCATTGCGCTCTTG GAGCAGGCCATGTAGGAAAACTTCGAGAAAGGGAA GACACGGTTCTTGATTGATGGATTCCCTCGTAAGA TGGACCAGGCCAAAACTTTTGAGGAAAAAGTCGCA AAGTCCAAGGTGACACTTTTCTTTGATTGTCCCGA ATCAGTGCTCCTTGAGAGATTACTTAAAAGAGGAC AGACAAGCGGAAGAGAGGATGATAATGCGGAGAGT ATCAAAAAAAGATTCAAAACATTCGTGGTAACTTC GATGCCTGTGGTGGACTATTTCGGGAAGCAAGGAC GCGTTTTGAAGGTATCTTGTGACCACCCTGTGGAT CAAGTGTATTCACAGGTTGTGTCGGTGCTAAAAGA GAAGGGGATCTTTGCCGATAACGAGACGGAGAATA AATAAACATTGTAATAAGATTTAGACTGTGAATGT TCTATGTAATATTTTTCGAGATACTGTATCTATCT GGTGTACCGTATCACTCTGGACTTGCAAACTCATT GATTACTTGTGCAATGGGCAAGAAGGATAGCTCTA GAAAGAAGAAGAAAAAGGAGCCGCCTGAAGAGCTG GATCTTTCCGAGGTTGTTCCAACTTTTGGTTATGA GGAATTTCATGTTGAGCAAGAGGAGAATCCGGTCG ATCAAGACGAACTTGACGGCCATAATGGCCTAGCT TGGCGTAATCATGGTCATAGCTGTTTCCTGTGTGA AATTGTTATCCGCTCACAATTCCACACAACATACG AGCCGGAAGCATAAAGTGTAAAGCCTGGGGTGCCT AATGAGTGAGCTAACTCACATTAATTGCGTTGCGC TCACTGCCCGCTTTCCAGTCGGGAAACCTGTCGTG CCAGCTGCATTAATGAATCGGCCAACGCGCGGGGA GAGGCGGTTTGCGTATTGGGCGCTCTTCCGCTTCC TCGCTCACTGACTCGCTGCGCTCGGTCGTTCGGCT GCGGCGAGCGGTATCAGCTCACTCAAAGGCGGTAA TACGGTTATCCACAGAATCAGGGGATAACGCAGGA AAGAACATGTGAGCAAAAGGCCAGCAAAAGGCCAG GAACCGTAAAAAGGCCGCGTTGCTGGCGTTTTTCC ATAGGCTCCGCCCCCCTGACGAGCATCACAAAAAT CGACGCTCAAGTCAGAGGTGGCGAAACCCGACAGG ACTATAAAGATACCAGGCGTTTCCCCCTGGAAGCT CCCTCGTGCGCTCTCCTGTTCCGACCCTGCCGCTT ACCGGATACCTGTCCGCCTTTCTCCCTTCGGGAAG CGTGGCGCTTTCTCATAGCTCACGCTGTAGGTATC TCAGTTCGGTGTAGGTCGTTCGCTCCAAGCTGGGC TGTGTGCACGAACCCCCCGTTCAGCCCGACCGCTG CGCCTTATCCGGTAACTATCGTCTTGAGTCCAACC CGGTAAGACACGACTTATCGCCACTGGCAGCAGCC ACTGGTAACAGGATTAGCAGAGCGAGGTATGTAGG CGGTGCTACAGAGTTCTTGAAGTGGTGGCCTAACT ACGGCTACACTAGAAGGACAGTATTTGGTATCTGC GCTCTGCTGAAGCCAGTTACCTTCGGAAAAAGAGT TGGTAGCTCTTGATCCGGCAAACAAACCACCGCTG GTAGCGGTGGTTTTTTTGTTTGCAAGCAGCAGATT ACGCGCAGAAAAAAAGGATCTCAAGAAGATCCTTT GATCTTTTCTACGGGGTCTGACGCTCAGTGGAACG AAAACTCACGTTAAGGGATTTTGGTCATGAGATTA TCAAAAAGGATCTTCACCTAGATCCTTTTAAATTA AAAATGAAGTTTTAAATCAATCTAAAGTATATATG AGTAAACTTGGTCTGACAGTTACCAATGCTTAATC AGTGAGGCACCTATCTCAGCGATCTGTCTATTTCG TTCATCCATAGTTGCCTGACTCCCCGTCGTGTAGA TAACTACGATACGGGAGGGCTTACCATCTGGCCCC AGTGCTGCAATGATACCGCGAGACCCACGCTCACC GGCTCCAGATTTATCAGCAATAAACCAGCCAGCCG GAAGGGCCGAGCGCAGAAGTGGTCCTGCAACTTTA TCCGCCTCCATCCAGTCTATTAATTGTTGCCGGGA AGCTAGAGTAAGTAGTTCGCCAGTTAATAGTTTGC GCAACGTTGTTGCCATTGCTACAGGCATCGTGGTG TCACGCTCGTCGTTTGGTATGGCTTCATTCAGCTC CGGTTCCCAACGATCAAGGCGAGTTACATGATCCC CCATGTTGTGCAAAAAAGCGGTTAGCTCCTTCGGT CCTCCGATCGTTGTCAGAAGTAAGTTGGCCGCAGT GTTATCACTCATGGTTATGGCAGCACTGCATAATT CTCTTACTGTCATGCCATCCGTAAGATGCTTTTCT GTGACTGGTGAGTACTCAACCAAGTCATTCTGAGA ATAGTGTATGCGGCGACCGAGTTGCTCTTGCCCGG CGTCAATACGGGATAATACCGCGCCACATAGCAGA ACTTTAAAAGTGCTCATCATTGGAAAACGTTCTTC GGGGCGAAAACTCTCAAGGATCTTACCGCTGTTGA GATCCAGTTCGATGTAACCCACTCGTGCACCCAAC TGATCTTCAGCATCTTTTACTTTCACCAGCGTTTC TGGGTGAGCAAAAACAGGAAGGCAAAATGCCGCAA AAAAGGGAATAAGGGCGACACGGAAATGTTGAATA CTCATACTCTTCCTTTTTCAATATTATTGAAGCAT TTATCAGGGTTATTGTCTCATGAGCGGATACATAT TTGAATGTATTTAGAAAAATAAACAAATAGGGGTT CCGCGCACATTTCCCCGAAAAGTGCCACCTGACGT CTAAGAAACCATTATTATCATGACATTAACCTATA AAAATAGGCGTATCACGAGGCCCTTTCGTC
[0120] The pGLY9008 plasmid sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence:
TABLE-US-00005 (SEQ ID NO: 6) TCGCGCGTTTCGGTGATGACGGTGAAAACCTCTGA CACATGCAGCTCCCGGAGACGGTCACAGCTTGTCT GTAAGCGGATGCCGGGAGCAGACAAGCCCGTCAGG GCGCGTCAGCGGGTGTTGGCGGGTGTCGGGGCTGG CTTAACTATGCGGCATCAGAGCAGATTGTACTGAG AGTGCACCATATGCGGTGTGAAATACCGCACAGAT GCGTAAGGAGAAAATACCGCATCAGGCGCCATTCG CCATTCAGGCTGCGCAACTGTTGGGAAGGGCGATC GGTGCGGGCCTCTTCGCTATTACGCCAGCTGGCGA AAGGGGGATGTGCTGCAAGGCGATTAAGTTGGGTA ACGCCAGGGTTTTCCCAGTCACGACGTTGTAAAAC GACGGCCAGTGAATTGAGATCTAACATCCAAAGAC GAAAGGTTGAATGAAACCTTTTTGCCATCCGACAT CCACAGGTCCATTCTCACACATAAGTGCCAAACGC AACAGGAGGGGATACACTAGCAGCAGACCGTTGCA AACGCAGGACCTCCACTCCTCTTCTCCTCAACACC CACTTTTGCCATCGAAAAACCAGCCCAGTTATTGG GCTTGATTGGAGCTCGCTCATTCCAATTCCTTCTA TTAGGCTACTAACACCATGACTTTATTAGCCTGTC TATCCTGGCCCCCCTGGCGAGGTTCATGTTTGTTT ATTTCCGAATGCAACAAGCTCCGCATTACACCCGA ACATCACTCCAGATGAGGGCTTTCTGAGTGTGGGG TCAAATAGTTTCATGTTCCCCAAATGGCCCAAAAC TGACAGTTTAAACGCTGTCTTGGAACCTAATATGA CAAAAGCGTGATCTCATCCAAGATGAACTAAGTTT GGTTCGTTGAAATGCTAACGGCCAGTTGGTCAAAA AGAAACTTCCAAAAGTCGGCATACCGTTTGTCTTG TTTGGTATTGATTGACGAATGCTCAAAAATAATCT CATTAATGCTTAGCGCAGTCTCTCTATCGCTTCTG AACCCCGGTGCACCTGTGCCGAAACGCAAATGGGG AAACACCCGCTTTTTGGATGATTATGCATTGTCTC CACATTGTATGCTTCCAAGATTCTGGTGGGAATAC TGCTGATAGCCTAACGTTCATGATCAAAATTTAAC TGTTCTAACCCCTACTTGACAGCAATATATAAACA GAAGGAAGCTGCCCTGTCTTAAACCTTTTTTTTTA TCATCATTATTAGCTTACTTTCATAATTGCGACTG GTTCCAATTGACAAGCTTTTGATTTTAACGACTTT TAACGACAACTTGAGAAGATCAAAAAACAACTAAT TATTCGAAACGGAATTCACGATGAGATTTCCTTCA ATTTTTACTGCTGTTTTATTCGCAGCATCCTCCGC ATTAGCTGACAAGACACATACTTGTCCACCATGTC CAGCTCCAGAATTGTTGGGTGGTCCATCCGTTTTC TTGTTCCCACCAAAGCCAAAGGACACTTTGATGAT CTCCAGAACTCCAGAGGTTACATGTGTTGTTGTTG ACGTTTCTCACGAGGACCCAGAGGTTAAGTTCAAC TGGTACGTTGACGGTGTTGAAGTTCACAACGCTAA GACTAAGCCAAGAGAAGAGCAGTACAACTCCACTT ACAGAGTTGTTTCCGTTTTGACTGTTTTGCACCAG GACTGGTTGAACGGTAAAGAATACAAGTGTAAGGT TTCCAACAAGGCTTTGCCAGCTCCAATCGAAAAGA CTATCTCCAAGGCTAAGGGTCAACCAAGAGAGCCA CAGGTTTACACTTTGCCACCATCCAGAGAAGAGAT GACTAAGAACCAGGTTTCCTTGACTTGTTTGGTTA AAGGATTCTACCCATCCGACATTGCTGTTGAGTGG GAATCTAACGGTCAACCAGAGAACAACTACAAGAC TACTCCACCAGTTTTGGATTCTGATGGTTCCTTCT TCTTGTACTCCAAGTTGACTGTTGACAAGTCCAGA TGGCAACAGGGTAACGTTTTCTCCTGTTCCGTTAT GCATGAGGCTTTGCACAACCACTACACTCAAAAGT CCTTGTCTTTGTCCCCTGGTGGTGGTGGTGTCGAC CAATTCTCTAACTCTACTTCCGCTTCCTCTACTGA CGTTACTTCCTCCTCCTCTATTTCTACTTCCTCCG GTTCCGTTACTATTACTTCCTCTGAGGCTCCAGAA TCTGACAACGGTACTTCTACTGCTGCTCCAACTGA AACTTCTACTGAGGCTCCTACTACTGCTATTCCAA CTAACGGAACTTCCACAGAGGCTCCAACAACAGCT ATCCCTACAAACGGTACATCCACTGAAGCTCCTAC TGACACTACTACAGAAGCTCCAACTACTGCTTTGC CTACTAATGGTACATCAACAGAGGCTCCTACAGAT ACAACAACTGAAGCTCCAACAACTGGATTGCCAAC AAACGGTACTACTTCTGCTTTCCCACCAACTACTT CCTTGCCACCATCCAACACTACTACTACTCCACCA TACAACCCATCCACTGACTACACTACTGACTACAC AGTTGTTACTGAGTACACTACTTACTGTCCAGAGC CAACTACTTTCACAACAAACGGAAAGACTTACACT GTTACTGAGCCTACTACTTTGACTATCACTGACTG TCCATGTACTATCGAGAAGCCAACTACTACTTCCA CTACAGAGTATACTGTTGTTACAGAATACACAACA TATTGTCCTGAGCCAACAACATTCACTACTAATGG AAAAACATACACAGTTACAGAACCAACTACATTGA CAATTACAGATTGTCCTTGTACAATTGAGAAGTCC GAGGCTCCTGAATCTTCTGTTCCAGTTACTGAATC CAAGGGTACTACTACTAAAGAAACTGGTGTTACTA CTAAGCAGACTACTGCTAACCCATCCTTGACTGTT TCCACTGTTGTTCCAGTTTCTTCCTCTGCTTCTTC CCACTCCGTTGTTATCAACTCCAACGGTGCTAACG TTGTTGTTCCTGGTGCTTTGGGATTGGCTGGTGTT GCTATGTTGTTCTTGTAATAGGGCCGGCCATTTAA ATACAGGCCCCTTTTCCTTTGTCGATATCATGTAA TTAGTTATGTCACGCTTACATTCACGCCCTCCTCC CACATCCGCTCTAACCGAAAAGGAAGGAGTTAGAC AACCTGAAGTCTAGGTCCCTATTTATTTTTTTTAA TAGTTATGTTAGTATTAAGAACGTTATTTATATTT CAAATTTTTCTTTTTTTTCTGTACAAACGCGTGTA CGCATGTAACATTATACTGAAAACCTTGCTTGAGA AGGTTTTGGGACGCTCGAAGGCTTTAATTTGCAAG CTGGATCCGCGGCCGCTTACGCGCCGTTCTTCGCT TGGTCTTGTATCTCCTTACACTGTATCTTCCCATT TGCGTTTAGGTGGTTATCAAAAACTAAAAGGAAAA ATTTCAGATGTTTATCTCTAAGGTTTTTTCTTTTT ACAGTATAACACGTGATGCGTCACGTGGTACTAGA TTACGTAAGTTATTTTGGTCCGGTGGGTAAGTGGG TAAGAATAGAAAGCATGAAGGTTTACAAAAACGCA GTCACGAATTATTGCTACTTCGAGCTTGGAACCAC CCCAAAGATTATATTGTACTGATGCACTACCTTCT CGATTTTGCTCCTCCAAGAACCTACGAAAAACATT TCTTGAGCCTTTTCAACCTAGACTACACATCAAGT TATTTAAGGTATGTTCCGTTAACATGTAAGAAAAG GAGAGGATAGATCGTTTATGGGGTACGTCGCCTGA TTCAAGCGTGACCATTCGAAGAATAGGCCTTCGAA AGCTGAATAAAGCAAATGTCAGTTGCGATTGGTAT GCTGACAAATTAGCATAAAAAGCAATAGACTTTCT AACCACCTGTTTTTTTCCTTTTACTTTATTTATAT TTTGCCACCGTACTAACAAGTTCAGACAAATTAAT TAACACCATGTCAGAAGATCAAAAAAGTGAAAATT CCGTACCTTCTAAGGTTAATATGGTGAATCGCACC GATATACTGACTACGATCAAGTCATTGTCATGGCT TGACTTGATGTTGCCATTTACTATAATTCTCTCCA TAATCATTGCAGTAATAATTTCTGTCTATGTGCCT TCTTCCCGTCACACTTTTGACGCTGAAGGTCATCC CAATCTAATGGGAGTGTCCATTCCTTTGACTGTTG GTATGATTGTAATGATGATTCCCCCGATCTGCAAA GTTTCCTGGGAGTCTATTCACAAGTACTTCTACAG GAGCTATATAAGGAAGCAACTAGCCCTCTCGTTAT TTTTGAATTGGGTCATCGGTCCTTTGTTGATGACA
GCATTGGCGTGGATGGCGCTATTCGATTATAAGGA ATACCGTCAAGGCATTATTATGATCGGAGTAGCTA GATGCATTGCCATGGTGCTAATTTGGAATCAGATT GCTGGAGGAGACAATGATCTCTGCGTCGTGCTTGT TATTACAAACTCGCTTTTACAGATGGTATTATATG CACCATTGCAGATATTTTACTGTTATGTTATTTCT CATGACCACCTGAATACTTCAAATAGGGTATTATT CGAAGAGGTTGCAAAGTCTGTCGGAGTTTTTCTCG GCATACCACTGGGAATTGGCATTATCATACGTTTG GGAAGTCTTACCATAGCTGGTAAAAGTAATTATGA AAAATACATTTTGAGATTTATTTCTCCATGGGCAA TGATCGGATTTCATTACACTTTATTTGTTATTTTT ATTAGTAGAGGTTATCAATTTATCCACGAAATTGG TTCTGCAATATTGTGCTTTGTCCCATTGGTGCTTT ACTTCTTTATTGCATGGTTTTTGACCTTCGCATTA ATGAGGTACTTATCAATATCTAGGAGTGATACACA AAGAGAATGTAGCTGTGACCAAGAACTACTTTTAA AGAGGGTCTGGGGAAGAAAGTCTTGTGAAGCTAGC TTTTCTATTACGATGACGCAATGTTTCACTATGGC TTCAAATAATTTTGAACTATCCCTGGCAATTGCTA TTTCCTTATATGGTAACAATAGCAAGCAAGCAATA GCTGCAACATTTGGGCCGTTGCTAGAAGTTCCAAT TTTATTGATTTTGGCAATAGTCGCGAGAATCCTTA AACCATATTATATATGGAACAATAGAAATTAATTA ACAGGCCCCTTTTCCTTTGTCGATATCATGTAATT AGTTATGTCACGCTTACATTCACGCCCTCCTCCCA CATCCGCTCTAACCGAAAAGGAAGGAGTTAGACAA CCTGAAGTCTAGGTCCCTATTTATTTTTTTTAATA GTTATGTTAGTATTAAGAACGTTATTTATATTTCA AATTTTTCTTTTTTTTCTGTACAAACGCGTGTACG CATGTAACATTATACTGAAAACCTTGCTTGAGAAG GTTTTGGGACGCTCGAAGGCTTTAATTTGCAAGCT GCGGCCTAAGGCGCGCCAGGCCATAATGGCCCAAA TGCAAGAGGACATTAGAAATGTGTTTGGTAAGAAC ATGAAGCCGGAGGCATACAAACGATTCACAGATTT GAAGGAGGAAAACAAACTGCATCCACCGGAAGTGC CAGCAGCCGTGTATGCCAACCTTGCTCTCAAAGGC ATTCCTACGGATCTGAGTGGGAAATATCTGAGATT CACAGACCCACTATTGGAACAGTACCAAACCTAGT TTGGCCGATCCATGATTATGTAATGCATATAGTTT TTGTCGATGCTCACCCGTTTCGAGTCTGTCTCGTA TCGTCTTACGTATAAGTTCAAGCATGTTTACCAGG TCTGTTAGAAACTCCTTTGTGAGGGCAGGACCTAT TCGTCTCGGTCCCGTTGTTTCTAAGAGACTGTACA GCCAAGCGCAGAATGGTGGCATTAACCATAAGAGG ATTCTGATCGGACTTGGTCTATTGGCTATTGGAAC CACCCTTTACGGGACAACCAACCCTACCAAGACTC CTATTGCATTTGTGGAACCAGCCACGGAAAGAGCG TTTAAGGACGGAGACGTCTCTGTGATTTTTGTTCT CGGAGGTCCAGGAGCTGGAAAAGGTACCCAATGTG CCAAACTAGTGAGTAATTACGGATTTGTTCACCTG TCAGCTGGAGACTTGTTACGTGCAGAACAGAAGAG GGAGGGGTCTAAGTATGGAGAGATGATTTCCCAGT ATATCAGAGATGGACTGATAGTACCTCAAGAGGTC ACCATTGCGCTCTTGGAGCAGGCCATGAAGGAAAA CTTCGAGAAAGGGAAGACACGGTTCTTGATTGATG GATTCCCTCGTAAGATGGACCAGGCCAAAACTTTT GAGGAAAAAGTCGCAAAGTCCAAGGTGACACTTTT CTTTGATTGTCCCGAATCAGTGCTCCTTGAGAGAT TACTTAAAAGAGGACAGACAAGCGGAAGAGAGGAT GATAATGCGGAGAGTATCAAAAAAAGATTCAAAAC ATTCGTGGAAACTTCGATGCCTGTGGTGGACTATT TCGGGAAGCAAGGACGCGTTTTGAAGGTATCTTGT GACCACCCTGTGGATCAAGTGTATTCACAGGTTGT GTCGGTGCTAAAAGAGAAGGGGATCTTTGCCGATA ACGAGACGGAGAATAAATAAACATTGTAATAAGAT TTAGACTGTGAATGTTCTATGTAATATTTTTCGAG ATACTGTATCTATCTGGTGTACCGTATCACTCTGG ACTTGCAAACTCATTGATTACTTGTGCAATGGGCA AGAAGGATAGCTCTAGAAAGAAGAAGAAAAAGGAG CCGCCTGAAGAGCTGGATCTTTCCGAGGTTGTTCC AACTTTTGGTTATGAGGAATTTCATGTTGAGCAAG AGGAGAATCCGGTCGATCAAGACGAACTTGACGGC CATAATGGCCTAGCTTGGCGTAATCATGGTCATAG CTGTTTCCTGTGTGAAATTGTTATCCGCTCACAAT TCCACACAACATACGAGCCGGAAGCATAAAGTGTA AAGCCTGGGGTGCCTAATGAGTGAGCTAACTCACA TTAATTGCGTTGCGCTCACTGCCCGCTTTCCAGTC GGGAAACCTGTCGTGCCAGCTGCATTAATGAATCG GCCAACGCGCGGGGAGAGGCGGTTTGCGTATTGGG CGCTCTTCCGCTTCCTCGCTCACTGACTCGCTGCG CTCGGTCGTTCGGCTGCGGCGAGCGGTATCAGCTC ACTCAAAGGCGGTAATACGGTTATCCACAGAATCA GGGGATAACGCAGGAAAGAACATGTGAGCAAAAGG CCAGCAAAAGGCCAGGAACCGTAAAAAGGCCGCGT TGCTGGCGTTTTTCCATAGGCTCCGCCCCCCTGAC GAGCATCACAAAAATCGACGCTCAAGTCAGAGGTG GCGAAACCCGACAGGACTATAAAGATACCAGGCGT TTCCCCCTGGAAGCTCCCTCGTGCGCTCTCCTGTT CCGACCCTGCCGCTTACCGGATACCTGTCCGCCTT TCTCCCTTCGGGAAGCGTGGCGCTTTCTCATAGCT CACGCTGTAGGTATCTCAGTTCGGTGTAGGTCGTT CGCTCCAAGCTGGGCTGTGTGCACGAACCCCCCGT TCAGCCCGACCGCTGCGCCTTATCCGGTAACTATC GTCTTGAGTCCAACCCGGTAAGACACGACTTATCG CCACTGGCAGCAGCCACTGGTAACAGGATTAGCAG AGCGAGGTATGTAGGCGGTGCTACAGAGTTCTTGA AGTGGTGGCCTAACTACGGCTACACTAGAAGGACA GTATTTGGTATCTGCGCTCTGCTGAAGCCAGTTAC CTTCGGAAAAAGAGTTGGTAGCTCTTGATCCGGCA AACAAACCACCGCTGGTAGCGGTGGTTTTTTTGTT TGCAAGCAGCAGATTACGCGCAGAAAAAAAGGATC TCAAGAAGATCCTTTGATCTTTTCTACGGGGTCTG ACGCTCAGTGGAACGAAAACTCACGTTAAGGGATT TTGGTCATGAGATTATCAAAAAGGATCTTCACCTA GATCCTTTTAAATTAAAAATGAAGTTTTAAATCAA TCTAAAGTATATATGAGTAAACTTGGTCTGACAGT TACCAATGCTTAATCAGTGAGGCACCTATCTCAGC GATCTGTCTATTTCGTTCATCCATAGTTGCCTGAC TCCCCGTCGTGTAGATAACTACGATACGGGAGGGC TTACCATCTGGCCCCAGTGCTGCAATGATACCGCG AGACCCACGCTCACCGGCTCCAGATTTATCAGCAA TAAACCAGCCAGCCGGAAGGGCCGAGCGCAGAAGT GGTCCTGCAACTTTATCCGCCTCCATCCAGTCTAT TAATTGTTGCCGGGAAGCTAGAGTAAGTAGTTCGC CAGTTAATAGTTTGCGCAACGTTGTTGCCATTGCT ACAGGCATCGTGGTGTCACGCTCGTCGTTTGGTAT GGCTTCATTCAGCTCCGGTTCCCAACGATCAAGGC GAGTTACATGATCCCCCATGTTGTGCAAAAAAGCG GTTAGCTCCTTCGGTCCTCCGATCGTTGTCAGAAG TAAGTTGGCCGCAGTGTTATCACTCATGGTTATGG CAGCACTGCATAATTCTCTTACTGTCATGCCATCC GTAAGATGCTTTTCTGTGACTGGTGAGTACTCAAC CAAGTCATTCTGAGAATAGTGTATGCGGCGACCGA GTTGCTCTTGCCCGGCGTCAATACGGGATAATACC
GCGCCACATAGCAGAACTTTAAAAGTGCTCATCAT TGGAAAACGTTCTTCGGGGCGAAAACTCTCAAGGA TCTTACCGCTGTTGAGATCCAGTTCGATGTAACCC ACTCGTGCACCCAACTGATCTTCAGCATCTTTTAC TTTCACCAGCGTTTCTGGGTGAGCAAAAACAGGAA GGCAAAATGCCGCAAAAAAGGGAATAAGGGCGACA CGGAAATGTTGAATACTCATACTCTTCCTTTTTCA ATATTATTGAAGCATTTATCAGGGTTATTGTCTCA TGAGCGGATACATATTTGAATGTATTTAGAAAAAT AAACAAATAGGGGTTCCGCGCACATTTCCCCGAAA AGTGCCACCTGACGTCTAAGAAACCATTATTATCA TGACATTAACCTATAAAAATAGGCGTATCACGAGG CCCTTTCGTC
[0121] To test the capacity of this configuration for displaying monovalent antibody fragments (comprising human IgGs) (1 heavy chain immunoglobulin and 1 light chain immunoglobulin (H+L)) on the yeast cell wall, pGLY9008 was introduced into GFI 5.0 strains that have been selected previously as expression hosts of human anti-Her2 or anti-PCSK9 IgGs. An empty strain was included as a control (Table 1).
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 1 Yeast Strains Strain mAb YGLY8316 Empty YGLY18483 Anti-PCSK9 (AX189) YGLY18281 Anti-PCSK9 (AX132) YGLY14755 Anti-PCSK9 (1DG) YGLY13979 Anti-Her2 YGLY14836 Anti-Her2 *These Pichia pastoris strains form part of the present invention
[0122] The glycoengineered Pichia pastoris monoclonal antibody production strains in Table 1 were grown in 50 mL BMGY media until the culture optical density, at 600 nm, was 2. The cells were washed three times with 1 M sorbitol and resuspended in 1 mL 1 M sorbitol. About 1-2 micrograms of SpeI linearized pGLY9008 was mixed with these competent cells. Transformation was performed with a BioRad electroporation apparatus using the manufacturer's program specific for electroporation of nucleic acids into Pichia pastoris. One mL recovery media was added to the cells, which were then plated out on yeast-soytone-dextrose (YSD) media with 50 .mu.g/mL arsenite.
[0123] Growth and Induction of Fc-Monovalent Antibody Fragment (H+L) Displaying Yeast.
[0124] Glycoengineered yeast expressing human IgGs and the Fc-SEDT bait expression cassette were inoculated using 600 .mu.L BMGY in a 96 deep well plate or 50 mL BMGY in a 250 mL shake flasks for two days. The cells were collected by centrifugation and the supernatant was discarded. The cells were induced by incubation in 300 .mu.L or 25 mL BMMY with PMTi inhibitor overnight following the methods described in international application publication no. WO2007/061631. Following induction, culture supernatants were assayed for antibody expression using Kappa ELISA, according to the manufacturer's protocol, and Protein A capture SDS-PAGE analysis. The data in FIGS. 3a and b, respectively, describe the results of both of these assays. As outlined in FIG. 3, supernatants of cultures containing the Fc-Sed1 protein bait were found to contain similar levels of secreted full antibody molecules (2 heavy chain immunoglobulins and 2 light chain immunoglobulins ((H2+L2)) compared to their parent strains (containing no Fc-Sed1p). This indicated that the presence of the Fc-Sed1p bait did not interfere with the yeast ability to secret full IgG antibodies (H2+L2).
[0125] To determine the efficiency of surface displaying antibodies using this method, cells were labeled with APC 635 labeled mouse anti-Human Kappa, which detects the light chain of human antibody molecules, and were processed by flow cytometry. Briefly, each culture, after growth to an optical density, at 600 nm, of 2, was pelleted by centrifugation and washed in 100 .mu.L PBS. Cells were incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature (RT) in 100 .mu.L phosphate buffer saline (PBS) containing fluorescently labeled (APC635) mouse anti-human Kappa light chain and washed in 100 .mu.l PBS. One hundred microliters of PBS was used to resuspend pellets before analyzing in a flow cytometer.
[0126] Flow cytometry analysis was conducted using the cells co-expressing Fc-Sed1p bait and anti-Her2, or Fc-Sed1p bait and anti-PCSK9. Controls were prepared in which an empty strain expressing Fc-Sed1p bait only or a strain that expressed full length antibody (H2+L2) without the Fc-Sed1p. Strains co-expressing anti-Her2 or anti-PCSK9 with the Fc-Sed1p bait were found to display significant levels of anti-Kappa binding while strains lacking the Fc-Sed1p bait showed background signal levels. In FIG. 4a-c, the fluorescent intensities from these experiments were compared. The Figure shows these different fluorescence intensities between the anti-Her2 displaying cells and the anti-PCSK9 displaying cells, and the parent strains that did not contain the Fc-Sed1p bait. It is noteworthy to mention that anti-Her2 displaying cells showed higher fluorescence intensity than the anti-PCSK9 displaying cells. These results were in congruence with what was known regarding expression levels of these two antibodies.
[0127] To establish the utility of this method for separating antibody mixtures, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of a mixture of cells displaying Fc-Sed1p anti-PCSK9 monovalent antibody fragment (H+L) (strain YGLY21610) and Fc-Sed1p anti-Her2 (H+L) (strain YGLY21614) was performed as follows. The cells displaying anti-PCSK9 (H+L) and cells displaying anti-Her2 (H+L) were mixed together in the following ratio 1:0; 0:1; and 1:100. Cells were dually labeled with goat anti-human Fc Alexa 488 and 100 nM biotinylated PCSK9 and APC 635 labeled Streptavidin. FIG. 5 shows that Fc-Sed1p/anti-PCSK9 (H+L) was able to bind biotinylated PCSK9 while Fc-Sed1p/anti-Her2 (H+L) was not. Both strains reacted with anti-human Fc Alexa 488 antibody. Two separate populations of cells were visible when cells from both cultures were mixed at a 1:100 ratio of Fc-Sed1p anti-PCSK9 displaying cells (circled) to Fc-Sed1p anti-Her2 displaying cells. The number of PCSK9 binders in this mixture was in agreement with the 1:100 ratio, thus lending further support for the robustness of this method in screening antibodies with desired antigen-binding.
[0128] The above experiments demonstrated that the Fc-Sed1p antibody display system can be used to display IgG monovalent antibody fragments (H+L) that retain specific antigen binding of their corresponding full antibody molecules (H2+L2) dimers. The next goal was to use this method to isolate and enrich for novel antibody molecules that can bind to any antigen of interest. To this end we took advantage of two recently constructed libraries. Library one was constructed by changing the sequence of the heavy chain of anti-PCSK9 antibody AX189 while marinating the original light chain sequence. This library had a diversity of about 2500 unique sequences and will be referred to as "BP550". The second library was generated by maintaining the original AX189 heavy chain sequence and changing the light chain sequence. This library contained about 4000 unique sequences and will be referred to as "BP551".
[0129] BP550 and BP551 were transformed as described previously into strain YGLY21605 (empty 5.0 strain carrying pGLY9008-expressing Fc-Sed1p) and plated out on YSD containing 300 micrograms per milliliter zeocin. Approximately, 50,000 colonies were obtained for each transformation, thus providing ample statistical coverage of all possible sequences in the libraries. The colonies resulting from transforming the two libraries were scraped off the solid media and inoculated separately in 250 mL shake flasks containing 50 mL of YSG liquid medium with 300 .mu./mL zeocin. The cultures were passaged 3 times by re-inoculating 1 mL of each culture into the fresh selective liquid media (YSG+zeocin). The third passages were allowed to grow to saturation in YSG media and induced in 25 mL BMMY with PMTi inhibitor (PMTi4: L000001772; at a concentration of 1 micrograms/ml) overnight following the methods described in international patent publication no. WO2007/061631. Strains YGLY21610 (Fc-Sed1p anti-PCSK9 (AX189)) and YGLY21614 (Fc-Sed1p anti-Her2) were included as positive and negative controls, respectively.
[0130] After 24 hours of induction, each of the four cultures were grown to an optical density, at 600 nm, of 2. Pellets were collected by centrifugation and washed with 100 .mu.L 1.times.PBS then labeled in 100 .mu.L PBS containing anti-Kappa Alexa 488 and 100 nM of biotin-PCSK9. Mixtures were incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes then washed with 100 .mu.L PBS solution. Cells were incubated at room temperature with APC 635 labeled Streptavidin in 100 .mu.L PBS for 10 minutes and washed 2.times. in PBS and submitted for FACS.
[0131] Using the flow cytometer dot plots generated with YGLY21610 and YGLY21614 as boundaries to gate potential binders, clones from 100,000 cells of populations of both libraries, BP550 and BP551, were sorted in a FACS sorter and collected in 5 mL YSG media. Cultures were allowed to recover by shaking at room temperature for 5 days. Sorting round 1 pools were re-inoculated in 50 mL YSG liquid media and the same process was repeated to induce and label the cultures. Another round of sorting (round 2) was conducted on the round 1 pool and cells were collected as above and induced. To obtain single colonies, 1000 cells of both two-round sorted populations (BP550 and BP551) were plated out of solid media and were analyzed by Kappa ELISA and PCSK9 affinity ELISA to determine protein titer and binding affinities for PCSK9, respectively. Additionally, a yeast colony PCR amplification reaction was performed to amplify heavy chain and light chain genes of the round 2 clones which were submitted for DNA sequence analysis.
[0132] As shown in FIG. 6, two rounds of sorting using biotinylated PCSK9 antigen resulted in significant enrichment of specific PCSK9 binders. The PCSK9 ELISA compared presorted library to round 2 sorted pools for both BP550 and BP551 (FIG. 7). Round 2 sorted pools from both libraries contained a high percentage of binders over the presorted populations. DNA sequencing confirmed the enrichment for new anti-PCSK9 binding sequences.
[0133] The present invention is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments described herein. Indeed, the scope of the present invention includes embodiments specifically set forth herein and other embodiments not specifically set forth herein; the embodiments specifically set forth herein are not necessarily intended to be exhaustive. Various modifications of the invention in addition to those described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the claims.
[0134] Patents, patent applications, publications, product descriptions, and protocols are cited throughout this application, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for all purposes.
Sequence CWU
1
1
61226PRTHomo sapiens 1Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu
Leu Leu Gly 1 5 10 15
Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met
20 25 30 Ile Ser Arg Thr
Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His 35
40 45 Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp
Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val 50 55
60 His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn
Ser Thr Tyr 65 70 75
80 Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly
85 90 95 Lys Glu Tyr Lys
Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile 100
105 110 Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly
Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val 115 120
125 Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn Gln
Val Ser 130 135 140
Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu 145
150 155 160 Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly
Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro 165
170 175 Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu
Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val 180 185
190 Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val
Met 195 200 205 His
Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser 210
215 220 Pro Gly 225
2322PRTSaccharomyces cerevisiae 2Val Asp Gln Phe Ser Asn Ser Thr Ser Ala
Ser Ser Thr Asp Val Thr 1 5 10
15 Ser Ser Ser Ser Ile Ser Thr Ser Ser Gly Ser Val Thr Ile Thr
Ser 20 25 30 Ser
Glu Ala Pro Glu Ser Asp Asn Gly Thr Ser Thr Ala Ala Pro Thr 35
40 45 Glu Thr Ser Thr Glu Ala
Pro Thr Thr Ala Ile Pro Thr Asn Gly Thr 50 55
60 Ser Thr Glu Ala Pro Thr Thr Ala Ile Pro Thr
Asn Gly Thr Ser Thr 65 70 75
80 Glu Ala Pro Thr Asp Thr Thr Thr Glu Ala Pro Thr Thr Ala Leu Pro
85 90 95 Thr Asn
Gly Thr Ser Thr Glu Ala Pro Thr Asp Thr Thr Thr Glu Ala 100
105 110 Pro Thr Thr Gly Leu Pro Thr
Asn Gly Thr Thr Ser Ala Phe Pro Pro 115 120
125 Thr Thr Ser Leu Pro Pro Ser Asn Thr Thr Thr Thr
Pro Pro Tyr Asn 130 135 140
Pro Ser Thr Asp Tyr Thr Thr Asp Tyr Thr Val Val Thr Glu Tyr Thr 145
150 155 160 Thr Tyr Cys
Pro Glu Pro Thr Thr Phe Thr Thr Asn Gly Lys Thr Tyr 165
170 175 Thr Val Thr Glu Pro Thr Thr Leu
Thr Ile Thr Asp Cys Pro Cys Thr 180 185
190 Ile Glu Lys Pro Thr Thr Thr Ser Thr Thr Glu Tyr Thr
Val Val Thr 195 200 205
Glu Tyr Thr Thr Tyr Cys Pro Glu Pro Thr Thr Phe Thr Thr Asn Gly 210
215 220 Lys Thr Tyr Thr
Val Thr Glu Pro Thr Thr Leu Thr Ile Thr Asp Cys 225 230
235 240 Pro Cys Thr Ile Glu Lys Ser Glu Ala
Pro Glu Ser Ser Val Pro Val 245 250
255 Thr Glu Ser Lys Gly Thr Thr Thr Lys Glu Thr Gly Val Thr
Thr Lys 260 265 270
Gln Thr Thr Ala Asn Pro Ser Leu Thr Val Ser Thr Val Val Pro Val
275 280 285 Ser Ser Ser Ala
Ser Ser His Ser Val Val Ile Asn Ser Asn Gly Ala 290
295 300 Asn Val Val Val Pro Gly Ala Leu
Gly Leu Ala Gly Val Ala Met Leu 305 310
315 320 Phe Leu 319PRTHomo sapiens 3Met Arg Phe Pro Ser
Ile Phe Thr Ala Val Leu Phe Ala Ala Ser Ser 1 5
10 15 Ala Leu Ala 4570PRTArtificial
SequenceHomo sapiens and Saccharmomyces cerevisiae 4Met Arg Phe Pro Ser
Ile Phe Thr Ala Val Leu Phe Ala Ala Ser Ser 1 5
10 15 Ala Leu Ala Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro
Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu 20 25
30 Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys
Asp 35 40 45 Thr
Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp 50
55 60 Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro
Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly 65 70
75 80 Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg
Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn 85 90
95 Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp
100 105 110 Leu Asn
Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro 115
120 125 Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile
Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu 130 135
140 Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu
Met Thr Lys Asn 145 150 155
160 Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile
165 170 175 Ala Val Glu
Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr 180
185 190 Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp
Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys 195 200
205 Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val
Phe Ser Cys 210 215 220
Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu 225
230 235 240 Ser Leu Ser Pro
Gly Gly Gly Gly Val Asp Gln Phe Ser Asn Ser Thr 245
250 255 Ser Ala Ser Ser Thr Asp Val Thr Ser
Ser Ser Ser Ile Ser Thr Ser 260 265
270 Ser Gly Ser Val Thr Ile Thr Ser Ser Glu Ala Pro Glu Ser
Asp Asn 275 280 285
Gly Thr Ser Thr Ala Ala Pro Thr Glu Thr Ser Thr Glu Ala Pro Thr 290
295 300 Thr Ala Ile Pro Thr
Asn Gly Thr Ser Thr Glu Ala Pro Thr Thr Ala 305 310
315 320 Ile Pro Thr Asn Gly Thr Ser Thr Glu Ala
Pro Thr Asp Thr Thr Thr 325 330
335 Glu Ala Pro Thr Thr Ala Leu Pro Thr Asn Gly Thr Ser Thr Glu
Ala 340 345 350 Pro
Thr Asp Thr Thr Thr Glu Ala Pro Thr Thr Gly Leu Pro Thr Asn 355
360 365 Gly Thr Thr Ser Ala Phe
Pro Pro Thr Thr Ser Leu Pro Pro Ser Asn 370 375
380 Thr Thr Thr Thr Pro Pro Tyr Asn Pro Ser Thr
Asp Tyr Thr Thr Asp 385 390 395
400 Tyr Thr Val Val Thr Glu Tyr Thr Thr Tyr Cys Pro Glu Pro Thr Thr
405 410 415 Phe Thr
Thr Asn Gly Lys Thr Tyr Thr Val Thr Glu Pro Thr Thr Leu 420
425 430 Thr Ile Thr Asp Cys Pro Cys
Thr Ile Glu Lys Pro Thr Thr Thr Ser 435 440
445 Thr Thr Glu Tyr Thr Val Val Thr Glu Tyr Thr Thr
Tyr Cys Pro Glu 450 455 460
Pro Thr Thr Phe Thr Thr Asn Gly Lys Thr Tyr Thr Val Thr Glu Pro 465
470 475 480 Thr Thr Leu
Thr Ile Thr Asp Cys Pro Cys Thr Ile Glu Lys Ser Glu 485
490 495 Ala Pro Glu Ser Ser Val Pro Val
Thr Glu Ser Lys Gly Thr Thr Thr 500 505
510 Lys Glu Thr Gly Val Thr Thr Lys Gln Thr Thr Ala Asn
Pro Ser Leu 515 520 525
Thr Val Ser Thr Val Val Pro Val Ser Ser Ser Ala Ser Ser His Ser 530
535 540 Val Val Ile Asn
Ser Asn Gly Ala Asn Val Val Val Pro Gly Ala Leu 545 550
555 560 Gly Leu Ala Gly Val Ala Met Leu Phe
Leu 565 570 58640DNAArtificial
SequencePlasmid pGLY3033 5tcgcgcgttt cggtgatgac ggtgaaaacc tctgacacat
gcagctcccg gagacggtca 60cagcttgtct gtaagcggat gccgggagca gacaagcccg
tcagggcgcg tcagcgggtg 120ttggcgggtg tcggggctgg cttaactatg cggcatcaga
gcagattgta ctgagagtgc 180accatatgcg gtgtgaaata ccgcacagat gcgtaaggag
aaaataccgc atcaggcgcc 240attcgccatt caggctgcgc aactgttggg aagggcgatc
ggtgcgggcc tcttcgctat 300tacgccagct ggcgaaaggg ggatgtgctg caaggcgatt
aagttgggta acgccagggt 360tttcccagtc acgacgttgt aaaacgacgg ccagtgaatt
gagatctaac atccaaagac 420gaaaggttga atgaaacctt tttgccatcc gacatccaca
ggtccattct cacacataag 480tgccaaacgc aacaggaggg gatacactag cagcagaccg
ttgcaaacgc aggacctcca 540ctcctcttct cctcaacacc cacttttgcc atcgaaaaac
cagcccagtt attgggcttg 600attggagctc gctcattcca attccttcta ttaggctact
aacaccatga ctttattagc 660ctgtctatcc tggcccccct ggcgaggttc atgtttgttt
atttccgaat gcaacaagct 720ccgcattaca cccgaacatc actccagatg agggctttct
gagtgtgggg tcaaatagtt 780tcatgttccc caaatggccc aaaactgaca gtttaaacgc
tgtcttggaa cctaatatga 840caaaagcgtg atctcatcca agatgaacta agtttggttc
gttgaaatgc taacggccag 900ttggtcaaaa agaaacttcc aaaagtcggc ataccgtttg
tcttgtttgg tattgattga 960cgaatgctca aaaataatct cattaatgct tagcgcagtc
tctctatcgc ttctgaaccc 1020cggtgcacct gtgccgaaac gcaaatgggg aaacacccgc
tttttggatg attatgcatt 1080gtctccacat tgtatgcttc caagattctg gtgggaatac
tgctgatagc ctaacgttca 1140tgatcaaaat ttaactgttc taacccctac ttgacagcaa
tatataaaca gaaggaagct 1200gccctgtctt aaaccttttt ttttatcatc attattagct
tactttcata attgcgactg 1260gttccaattg acaagctttt gattttaacg acttttaacg
acaacttgag aagatcaaaa 1320aacaactaat tattcgaaac ggaattcacg atggtcgctt
ggtggtcttt gtttctgtac 1380ggtcttcagg tcgctgcacc tgctttggct acttccagat
tggagggatt gcaatccgaa 1440aaccacagat tgagaatgaa gatcactgag ttggacaagg
acttggagga agttactatg 1500cagttgcagg atgttggtgg ttgtgagcag aagttgatct
ccgaagagga tttggtcgac 1560caattctcta actctacttc cgcttcctct actgacgtta
cttcctcctc ctctatttct 1620acttcctccg gttccgttac tattacttcc tctgaggctc
cagaatctga caacggtact 1680tctactgctg ctccaactga aacttctact gaggctccta
ctactgctat tccaactaac 1740ggaacttcca cagaggctcc aacaacagct atccctacaa
acggtacatc cactgaagct 1800cctactgaca ctactacaga agctccaact actgctttgc
ctactaatgg tacatcaaca 1860gaggctccta cagatacaac aactgaagct ccaacaactg
gattgccaac aaacggtact 1920acttctgctt tcccaccaac tacttccttg ccaccatcca
acactactac tactccacca 1980tacaacccat ccactgacta cactactgac tacacagttg
ttactgagta cactacttac 2040tgtccagagc caactacttt cacaacaaac ggaaagactt
acactgttac tgagcctact 2100actttgacta tcactgactg tccatgtact atcgagaagc
caactactac ttccactaca 2160gagtatactg ttgttacaga atacacaaca tattgtcctg
agccaacaac attcactact 2220aatggaaaaa catacacagt tacagaacca actacattga
caattacaga ttgtccttgt 2280acaattgaga agtccgaggc tcctgaatct tctgttccag
ttactgaatc caagggtact 2340actactaaag aaactggtgt tactactaag cagactactg
ctaacccatc cttgactgtt 2400tccactgttg ttccagtttc ttcctctgct tcttcccact
ccgttgttat caactccaac 2460ggtgctaacg ttgttgttcc tggtgctttg ggattggctg
gtgttgctat gttgttcttg 2520taatagggcc ggccatttaa atacaggccc cttttccttt
gtcgatatca tgtaattagt 2580tatgtcacgc ttacattcac gccctcctcc cacatccgct
ctaaccgaaa aggaaggagt 2640tagacaacct gaagtctagg tccctattta ttttttttaa
tagttatgtt agtattaaga 2700acgttattta tatttcaaat ttttcttttt tttctgtaca
aacgcgtgta cgcatgtaac 2760attatactga aaaccttgct tgagaaggtt ttgggacgct
cgaaggcttt aatttgcaag 2820ctggatccgc ggccgcttac gcgccgttct tcgcttggtc
ttgtatctcc ttacactgta 2880tcttcccatt tgcgtttagg tggttatcaa aaactaaaag
gaaaaatttc agatgtttat 2940ctctaaggtt ttttcttttt acagtataac acgtgatgcg
tcacgtggta ctagattacg 3000taagttattt tggtccggtg ggtaagtggg taagaataga
aagcatgaag gtttacaaaa 3060acgcagtcac gaattattgc tacttcgagc ttggaaccac
cccaaagatt atattgtact 3120gatgcactac cttctcgatt ttgctcctcc aagaacctac
gaaaaacatt tcttgagcct 3180tttcaaccta gactacacat caagttattt aaggtatgtt
ccgttaacat gtaagaaaag 3240gagaggatag atcgtttatg gggtacgtcg cctgattcaa
gcgtgaccat tcgaagaata 3300ggccttcgaa agctgaataa agcaaatgtc agttgcgatt
ggtatgctga caaattagca 3360taaaaagcaa tagactttct aaccacctgt ttttttcctt
ttactttatt tatattttgc 3420caccgtacta acaagttcag acaaattaat taacaccatg
tcagaagatc aaaaaagtga 3480aaattccgta ccttctaagg ttaatatggt gaatcgcacc
gatatactga ctacgatcaa 3540gtcattgtca tggcttgact tgatgttgcc atttactata
attctctcca taatcattgc 3600agtaataatt tctgtctatg tgccttcttc ccgtcacact
tttgacgctg aaggtcatcc 3660caatctaatg ggagtgtcca ttcctttgac tgttggtatg
attgtaatga tgattccccc 3720gatctgcaaa gtttcctggg agtctattca caagtacttc
tacaggagct atataaggaa 3780gcaactagcc ctctcgttat ttttgaattg ggtcatcggt
cctttgttga tgacagcatt 3840ggcgtggatg gcgctattcg attataagga ataccgtcaa
ggcattatta tgatcggagt 3900agctagatgc attgccatgg tgctaatttg gaatcagatt
gctggaggag acaatgatct 3960ctgcgtcgtg cttgttatta caaactcgct tttacagatg
gtattatatg caccattgca 4020gatattttac tgttatgtta tttctcatga ccacctgaat
acttcaaata gggtattatt 4080cgaagaggtt gcaaagtctg tcggagtttt tctcggcata
ccactgggaa ttggcattat 4140catacgtttg ggaagtctta ccatagctgg taaaagtaat
tatgaaaaat acattttgag 4200atttatttct ccatgggcaa tgatcggatt tcattacact
ttatttgtta tttttattag 4260tagaggttat caatttatcc acgaaattgg ttctgcaata
ttgtgctttg tcccattggt 4320gctttacttc tttattgcat ggtttttgac cttcgcatta
atgaggtact tatcaatatc 4380taggagtgat acacaaagag aatgtagctg tgaccaagaa
ctacttttaa agagggtctg 4440gggaagaaag tcttgtgaag ctagcttttc tattacgatg
acgcaatgtt tcactatggc 4500ttcaaataat tttgaactat ccctggcaat tgctatttcc
ttatatggta acaatagcaa 4560gcaagcaata gctgcaacat ttgggccgtt gctagaagtt
ccaattttat tgattttggc 4620aatagtcgcg agaatcctta aaccatatta tatatggaac
aatagaaatt aattaacagg 4680ccccttttcc tttgtcgata tcatgtaatt agttatgtca
cgcttacatt cacgccctcc 4740tcccacatcc gctctaaccg aaaaggaagg agttagacaa
cctgaagtct aggtccctat 4800ttattttttt taatagttat gttagtatta agaacgttat
ttatatttca aatttttctt 4860ttttttctgt acaaacgcgt gtacgcatgt aacattatac
tgaaaacctt gcttgagaag 4920gttttgggac gctcgaaggc tttaatttgc aagctgcggc
ctaaggcgcg ccaggccata 4980atggcccaaa tgcaagagga cattagaaat gtgtttggta
agaacatgaa gccggaggca 5040tacaaacgat tcacagattt gaaggaggaa aacaaactgc
atccaccgga agtgccagca 5100gccgtgtatg ccaaccttgc tctcaaaggc attcctacgg
atctgagtgg gaaatatctg 5160agattcacag acccactatt ggaacagtac caaacctagt
ttggccgatc catgattatg 5220taatgcatat agtttttgtc gatgctcacc cgtttcgagt
ctgtctcgta tcgtcttacg 5280tataagttca agcatgttta ccaggtctgt tagaaactcc
tttgtgaggg caggacctat 5340tcgtctcggt cccgttgttt ctaagagact gtacagccaa
gcgcagaatg gtggcattaa 5400ccataagagg attctgatcg gacttggtct attggctatt
ggaaccaccc tttacgggac 5460aaccaaccct accaagactc ctattgcatt tgtggaacca
gccacggaaa gagcgtttaa 5520ggacggagac gtctctgtga tttttgttct cggaggtcca
ggagctggaa aaggtaccca 5580atgtgccaaa ctagtgagta attacggatt tgttcacctg
tcagctggag acttgttacg 5640tgcagaacag aagagggagg ggtctaagta tggagagatg
atttcccagt atatcagaga 5700tggactgata gtacctcaag aggtcaccat tgcgctcttg
gagcaggcca tgaaggaaaa 5760cttcgagaaa gggaagacac ggttcttgat tgatggattc
cctcgtaaga tggaccaggc 5820caaaactttt gaggaaaaag tcgcaaagtc caaggtgaca
cttttctttg attgtcccga 5880atcagtgctc cttgagagat tacttaaaag aggacagaca
agcggaagag aggatgataa 5940tgcggagagt atcaaaaaaa gattcaaaac attcgtggaa
acttcgatgc ctgtggtgga 6000ctatttcggg aagcaaggac gcgttttgaa ggtatcttgt
gaccaccctg tggatcaagt 6060gtattcacag gttgtgtcgg tgctaaaaga gaaggggatc
tttgccgata acgagacgga 6120gaataaataa acattgtaat aagatttaga ctgtgaatgt
tctatgtaat atttttcgag 6180atactgtatc tatctggtgt accgtatcac tctggacttg
caaactcatt gattacttgt 6240gcaatgggca agaaggatag ctctagaaag aagaagaaaa
aggagccgcc tgaagagctg 6300gatctttccg aggttgttcc aacttttggt tatgaggaat
ttcatgttga gcaagaggag 6360aatccggtcg atcaagacga acttgacggc cataatggcc
tagcttggcg taatcatggt 6420catagctgtt tcctgtgtga aattgttatc cgctcacaat
tccacacaac atacgagccg 6480gaagcataaa gtgtaaagcc tggggtgcct aatgagtgag
ctaactcaca ttaattgcgt 6540tgcgctcact gcccgctttc cagtcgggaa acctgtcgtg
ccagctgcat taatgaatcg 6600gccaacgcgc ggggagaggc ggtttgcgta ttgggcgctc
ttccgcttcc tcgctcactg 6660actcgctgcg ctcggtcgtt cggctgcggc gagcggtatc
agctcactca aaggcggtaa 6720tacggttatc cacagaatca ggggataacg caggaaagaa
catgtgagca aaaggccagc 6780aaaaggccag gaaccgtaaa aaggccgcgt tgctggcgtt
tttccatagg ctccgccccc 6840ctgacgagca tcacaaaaat cgacgctcaa gtcagaggtg
gcgaaacccg acaggactat 6900aaagatacca ggcgtttccc cctggaagct ccctcgtgcg
ctctcctgtt ccgaccctgc 6960cgcttaccgg atacctgtcc gcctttctcc cttcgggaag
cgtggcgctt tctcatagct 7020cacgctgtag gtatctcagt tcggtgtagg tcgttcgctc
caagctgggc tgtgtgcacg 7080aaccccccgt tcagcccgac cgctgcgcct tatccggtaa
ctatcgtctt gagtccaacc 7140cggtaagaca cgacttatcg ccactggcag cagccactgg
taacaggatt agcagagcga 7200ggtatgtagg cggtgctaca gagttcttga agtggtggcc
taactacggc tacactagaa 7260ggacagtatt tggtatctgc gctctgctga agccagttac
cttcggaaaa agagttggta 7320gctcttgatc cggcaaacaa accaccgctg gtagcggtgg
tttttttgtt tgcaagcagc 7380agattacgcg cagaaaaaaa ggatctcaag aagatccttt
gatcttttct acggggtctg 7440acgctcagtg gaacgaaaac tcacgttaag ggattttggt
catgagatta tcaaaaagga 7500tcttcaccta gatcctttta aattaaaaat gaagttttaa
atcaatctaa agtatatatg 7560agtaaacttg gtctgacagt taccaatgct taatcagtga
ggcacctatc tcagcgatct 7620gtctatttcg ttcatccata gttgcctgac tccccgtcgt
gtagataact acgatacggg 7680agggcttacc atctggcccc agtgctgcaa tgataccgcg
agacccacgc tcaccggctc 7740cagatttatc agcaataaac cagccagccg gaagggccga
gcgcagaagt ggtcctgcaa 7800ctttatccgc ctccatccag tctattaatt gttgccggga
agctagagta agtagttcgc 7860cagttaatag tttgcgcaac gttgttgcca ttgctacagg
catcgtggtg tcacgctcgt 7920cgtttggtat ggcttcattc agctccggtt cccaacgatc
aaggcgagtt acatgatccc 7980ccatgttgtg caaaaaagcg gttagctcct tcggtcctcc
gatcgttgtc agaagtaagt 8040tggccgcagt gttatcactc atggttatgg cagcactgca
taattctctt actgtcatgc 8100catccgtaag atgcttttct gtgactggtg agtactcaac
caagtcattc tgagaatagt 8160gtatgcggcg accgagttgc tcttgcccgg cgtcaatacg
ggataatacc gcgccacata 8220gcagaacttt aaaagtgctc atcattggaa aacgttcttc
ggggcgaaaa ctctcaagga 8280tcttaccgct gttgagatcc agttcgatgt aacccactcg
tgcacccaac tgatcttcag 8340catcttttac tttcaccagc gtttctgggt gagcaaaaac
aggaaggcaa aatgccgcaa 8400aaaagggaat aagggcgaca cggaaatgtt gaatactcat
actcttcctt tttcaatatt 8460attgaagcat ttatcagggt tattgtctca tgagcggata
catatttgaa tgtatttaga 8520aaaataaaca aataggggtt ccgcgcacat ttccccgaaa
agtgccacct gacgtctaag 8580aaaccattat tatcatgaca ttaacctata aaaataggcg
tatcacgagg ccctttcgtc 864069180PRTArtificial SequencePlasmid pGLY9008
6Thr Cys Gly Cys Gly Cys Gly Thr Thr Thr Cys Gly Gly Thr Gly Ala 1
5 10 15 Thr Gly Ala Cys
Gly Gly Thr Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala Cys Cys Thr Cys 20
25 30 Thr Gly Ala Cys Ala Cys Ala Thr Gly
Cys Ala Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys 35 40
45 Cys Gly Gly Ala Gly Ala Cys Gly Gly Thr Cys Ala Cys Ala
Gly Cys 50 55 60
Thr Thr Gly Thr Cys Thr Gly Thr Ala Ala Gly Cys Gly Gly Ala Thr 65
70 75 80 Gly Cys Cys Gly Gly
Gly Ala Gly Cys Ala Gly Ala Cys Ala Ala Gly 85
90 95 Cys Cys Cys Gly Thr Cys Ala Gly Gly Gly
Cys Gly Cys Gly Thr Cys 100 105
110 Ala Gly Cys Gly Gly Gly Thr Gly Thr Thr Gly Gly Cys Gly Gly
Gly 115 120 125 Thr
Gly Thr Cys Gly Gly Gly Gly Cys Thr Gly Gly Cys Thr Thr Ala 130
135 140 Ala Cys Thr Ala Thr Gly
Cys Gly Gly Cys Ala Thr Cys Ala Gly Ala 145 150
155 160 Gly Cys Ala Gly Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Ala Cys
Thr Gly Ala Gly Ala 165 170
175 Gly Thr Gly Cys Ala Cys Cys Ala Thr Ala Thr Gly Cys Gly Gly Thr
180 185 190 Gly Thr
Gly Ala Ala Ala Thr Ala Cys Cys Gly Cys Ala Cys Ala Gly 195
200 205 Ala Thr Gly Cys Gly Thr Ala
Ala Gly Gly Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala 210 215
220 Thr Ala Cys Cys Gly Cys Ala Thr Cys Ala Gly Gly
Cys Gly Cys Cys 225 230 235
240 Ala Thr Thr Cys Gly Cys Cys Ala Thr Thr Cys Ala Gly Gly Cys Thr
245 250 255 Gly Cys Gly
Cys Ala Ala Cys Thr Gly Thr Thr Gly Gly Gly Ala Ala 260
265 270 Gly Gly Gly Cys Gly Ala Thr Cys
Gly Gly Thr Gly Cys Gly Gly Gly 275 280
285 Cys Cys Thr Cys Thr Thr Cys Gly Cys Thr Ala Thr Thr
Ala Cys Gly 290 295 300
Cys Cys Ala Gly Cys Thr Gly Gly Cys Gly Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Gly 305
310 315 320 Gly Gly Ala Thr
Gly Thr Gly Cys Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Gly Gly Cys 325
330 335 Gly Ala Thr Thr Ala Ala Gly Thr Thr
Gly Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Cys 340 345
350 Gly Cys Cys Ala Gly Gly Gly Thr Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Cys
Ala Gly 355 360 365
Thr Cys Ala Cys Gly Ala Cys Gly Thr Thr Gly Thr Ala Ala Ala Ala 370
375 380 Cys Gly Ala Cys Gly
Gly Cys Cys Ala Gly Thr Gly Ala Ala Thr Thr 385 390
395 400 Gly Ala Gly Ala Thr Cys Thr Ala Ala Cys
Ala Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala 405 410
415 Ala Gly Ala Cys Gly Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Thr Thr Gly Ala Ala
Thr 420 425 430 Gly
Ala Ala Ala Cys Cys Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala Thr 435
440 445 Cys Cys Gly Ala Cys Ala
Thr Cys Cys Ala Cys Ala Gly Gly Thr Cys 450 455
460 Cys Ala Thr Thr Cys Thr Cys Ala Cys Ala Cys
Ala Thr Ala Ala Gly 465 470 475
480 Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala Ala Ala Cys Gly Cys Ala Ala Cys Ala Gly Gly
485 490 495 Ala Gly
Gly Gly Gly Ala Thr Ala Cys Ala Cys Thr Ala Gly Cys Ala 500
505 510 Gly Cys Ala Gly Ala Cys Cys
Gly Thr Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Ala Cys 515 520
525 Gly Cys Ala Gly Gly Ala Cys Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala
Cys Thr Cys Cys 530 535 540
Thr Cys Thr Thr Cys Thr Cys Cys Thr Cys Ala Ala Cys Ala Cys Cys 545
550 555 560 Cys Ala Cys
Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala Thr Cys Gly Ala Ala 565
570 575 Ala Ala Ala Cys Cys Ala Gly Cys
Cys Cys Ala Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr 580 585
590 Thr Gly Gly Gly Cys Thr Thr Gly Ala Thr Thr Gly Gly
Ala Gly Cys 595 600 605
Thr Cys Gly Cys Thr Cys Ala Thr Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Thr Thr Cys 610
615 620 Cys Thr Thr Cys
Thr Ala Thr Thr Ala Gly Gly Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr 625 630
635 640 Ala Ala Cys Ala Cys Cys Ala Thr Gly
Ala Cys Thr Thr Thr Ala Thr 645 650
655 Thr Ala Gly Cys Cys Thr Gly Thr Cys Thr Ala Thr Cys Cys
Thr Gly 660 665 670
Gly Cys Cys Cys Cys Cys Cys Thr Gly Gly Cys Gly Ala Gly Gly Thr
675 680 685 Thr Cys Ala Thr
Gly Thr Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr 690
695 700 Cys Cys Gly Ala Ala Thr Gly Cys
Ala Ala Cys Ala Ala Gly Cys Thr 705 710
715 720 Cys Cys Gly Cys Ala Thr Thr Ala Cys Ala Cys Cys
Cys Gly Ala Ala 725 730
735 Cys Ala Thr Cys Ala Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala Gly Ala Thr Gly Ala Gly
740 745 750 Gly Gly Cys
Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Gly Ala Gly Thr Gly Thr Gly Gly 755
760 765 Gly Gly Thr Cys Ala Ala Ala Thr
Ala Gly Thr Thr Thr Cys Ala Thr 770 775
780 Gly Thr Thr Cys Cys Cys Cys Ala Ala Ala Thr Gly Gly
Cys Cys Cys 785 790 795
800 Ala Ala Ala Ala Cys Thr Gly Ala Cys Ala Gly Thr Thr Thr Ala Ala
805 810 815 Ala Cys Gly Cys
Thr Gly Thr Cys Thr Thr Gly Gly Ala Ala Cys Cys 820
825 830 Thr Ala Ala Thr Ala Thr Gly Ala Cys
Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Cys Gly 835 840
845 Thr Gly Ala Thr Cys Thr Cys Ala Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Gly
Ala Thr 850 855 860
Gly Ala Ala Cys Thr Ala Ala Gly Thr Thr Thr Gly Gly Thr Thr Cys 865
870 875 880 Gly Thr Thr Gly Ala
Ala Ala Thr Gly Cys Thr Ala Ala Cys Gly Gly 885
890 895 Cys Cys Ala Gly Thr Thr Gly Gly Thr Cys
Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly 900 905
910 Ala Ala Ala Cys Thr Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Thr Cys
Gly 915 920 925 Gly
Cys Ala Thr Ala Cys Cys Gly Thr Thr Thr Gly Thr Cys Thr Thr 930
935 940 Gly Thr Thr Thr Gly Gly
Thr Ala Thr Thr Gly Ala Thr Thr Gly Ala 945 950
955 960 Cys Gly Ala Ala Thr Gly Cys Thr Cys Ala Ala
Ala Ala Ala Thr Ala 965 970
975 Ala Thr Cys Thr Cys Ala Thr Thr Ala Ala Thr Gly Cys Thr Thr Ala
980 985 990 Gly Cys
Gly Cys Ala Gly Thr Cys Thr Cys Thr Cys Thr Ala Thr Cys 995
1000 1005 Gly Cys Thr Thr Cys
Thr Gly Ala Ala Cys Cys Cys Cys Gly Gly 1010 1015
1020 Thr Gly Cys Ala Cys Cys Thr Gly Thr Gly
Cys Cys Gly Ala Ala 1025 1030 1035
Ala Cys Gly Cys Ala Ala Ala Thr Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala
1040 1045 1050 Cys Ala
Cys Cys Cys Gly Cys Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Gly Ala 1055
1060 1065 Thr Gly Ala Thr Thr Ala Thr
Gly Cys Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Cys 1070 1075
1080 Thr Cys Cys Ala Cys Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Ala Thr
Gly Cys Thr 1085 1090 1095
Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Gly Ala Thr Thr Cys Thr Gly Gly Thr Gly 1100
1105 1110 Gly Gly Ala Ala Thr
Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Thr Gly Ala Thr Ala 1115 1120
1125 Gly Cys Cys Thr Ala Ala Cys Gly Thr Thr
Cys Ala Thr Gly Ala 1130 1135 1140
Thr Cys Ala Ala Ala Ala Thr Thr Thr Ala Ala Cys Thr Gly Thr
1145 1150 1155 Thr Cys
Thr Ala Ala Cys Cys Cys Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr Thr Gly 1160
1165 1170 Ala Cys Ala Gly Cys Ala Ala
Thr Ala Thr Ala Thr Ala Ala Ala 1175 1180
1185 Cys Ala Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Cys Thr
Gly Cys Cys 1190 1195 1200
Cys Thr Gly Thr Cys Thr Thr Ala Ala Ala Cys Cys Thr Thr Thr 1205
1210 1215 Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr
Thr Ala Thr Cys Ala Thr Cys Ala Thr Thr 1220 1225
1230 Ala Thr Thr Ala Gly Cys Thr Thr Ala Cys
Thr Thr Thr Cys Ala 1235 1240 1245
Thr Ala Ala Thr Thr Gly Cys Gly Ala Cys Thr Gly Gly Thr Thr
1250 1255 1260 Cys Cys
Ala Ala Thr Thr Gly Ala Cys Ala Ala Gly Cys Thr Thr 1265
1270 1275 Thr Thr Gly Ala Thr Thr Thr
Thr Ala Ala Cys Gly Ala Cys Thr 1280 1285
1290 Thr Thr Thr Ala Ala Cys Gly Ala Cys Ala Ala Cys
Thr Thr Gly 1295 1300 1305
Ala Gly Ala Ala Gly Ala Thr Cys Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Cys 1310
1315 1320 Ala Ala Cys Thr Ala
Ala Thr Thr Ala Thr Thr Cys Gly Ala Ala 1325 1330
1335 Ala Cys Gly Gly Ala Ala Thr Thr Cys Ala
Cys Gly Ala Thr Gly 1340 1345 1350
Ala Gly Ala Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Thr Thr Cys Ala Ala Thr Thr
1355 1360 1365 Thr Thr
Thr Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Thr Gly Thr Thr Thr Thr Ala 1370
1375 1380 Thr Thr Cys Gly Cys Ala Gly
Cys Ala Thr Cys Cys Thr Cys Cys 1385 1390
1395 Gly Cys Ala Thr Thr Ala Gly Cys Thr Gly Ala Cys
Ala Ala Gly 1400 1405 1410
Ala Cys Ala Cys Ala Thr Ala Cys Thr Thr Gly Thr Cys Cys Ala 1415
1420 1425 Cys Cys Ala Thr Gly
Thr Cys Cys Ala Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala 1430 1435
1440 Gly Ala Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr Gly Gly
Gly Thr Gly Gly Thr 1445 1450 1455
Cys Cys Ala Thr Cys Cys Gly Thr Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Thr Gly
1460 1465 1470 Thr Thr
Cys Cys Cys Ala Cys Cys Ala Ala Ala Gly Cys Cys Ala 1475
1480 1485 Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Cys Ala
Cys Thr Thr Thr Gly Ala Thr Gly 1490 1495
1500 Ala Thr Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala Gly Ala Ala Cys Thr
Cys Cys Ala 1505 1510 1515
Gly Ala Gly Gly Thr Thr Ala Cys Ala Thr Gly Thr Gly Thr Thr 1520
1525 1530 Gly Thr Thr Gly Thr
Thr Gly Ala Cys Gly Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr 1535 1540
1545 Cys Ala Cys Gly Ala Gly Gly Ala Cys Cys
Cys Ala Gly Ala Gly 1550 1555 1560
Gly Thr Thr Ala Ala Gly Thr Thr Cys Ala Ala Cys Thr Gly Gly
1565 1570 1575 Thr Ala
Cys Gly Thr Thr Gly Ala Cys Gly Gly Thr Gly Thr Thr 1580
1585 1590 Gly Ala Ala Gly Thr Thr Cys
Ala Cys Ala Ala Cys Gly Cys Thr 1595 1600
1605 Ala Ala Gly Ala Cys Thr Ala Ala Gly Cys Cys Ala
Ala Gly Ala 1610 1615 1620
Gly Ala Ala Gly Ala Gly Cys Ala Gly Thr Ala Cys Ala Ala Cys 1625
1630 1635 Thr Cys Cys Ala Cys
Thr Thr Ala Cys Ala Gly Ala Gly Thr Thr 1640 1645
1650 Gly Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Gly Thr Thr Thr
Thr Gly Ala Cys Thr 1655 1660 1665
Gly Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Cys Ala Cys Cys Ala Gly Gly Ala Cys
1670 1675 1680 Thr Gly
Gly Thr Thr Gly Ala Ala Cys Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Ala 1685
1690 1695 Gly Ala Ala Thr Ala Cys Ala
Ala Gly Thr Gly Thr Ala Ala Gly 1700 1705
1710 Gly Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Cys Ala Ala Gly
Gly Cys Thr 1715 1720 1725
Thr Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Thr Cys 1730
1735 1740 Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala
Gly Ala Cys Thr Ala Thr Cys Thr Cys Cys 1745 1750
1755 Ala Ala Gly Gly Cys Thr Ala Ala Gly Gly
Gly Thr Cys Ala Ala 1760 1765 1770
Cys Cys Ala Ala Gly Ala Gly Ala Gly Cys Cys Ala Cys Ala Gly
1775 1780 1785 Gly Thr
Thr Thr Ala Cys Ala Cys Thr Thr Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala 1790
1795 1800 Cys Cys Ala Thr Cys Cys Ala
Gly Ala Gly Ala Ala Gly Ala Gly 1805 1810
1815 Ala Thr Gly Ala Cys Thr Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala Cys
Cys Ala Gly 1820 1825 1830
Gly Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Thr Thr Gly Ala Cys Thr Thr Gly Thr 1835
1840 1845 Thr Thr Gly Gly Thr
Thr Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Thr Thr Cys 1850 1855
1860 Thr Ala Cys Cys Cys Ala Thr Cys Cys Gly
Ala Cys Ala Thr Thr 1865 1870 1875
Gly Cys Thr Gly Thr Thr Gly Ala Gly Thr Gly Gly Gly Ala Ala
1880 1885 1890 Thr Cys
Thr Ala Ala Cys Gly Gly Thr Cys Ala Ala Cys Cys Ala 1895
1900 1905 Gly Ala Gly Ala Ala Cys Ala
Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Ala Ala Gly 1910 1915
1920 Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala Cys Cys Ala
Gly Thr Thr 1925 1930 1935
Thr Thr Gly Gly Ala Thr Thr Cys Thr Gly Ala Thr Gly Gly Thr 1940
1945 1950 Thr Cys Cys Thr Thr
Cys Thr Thr Cys Thr Thr Gly Thr Ala Cys 1955 1960
1965 Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Gly Thr Thr Gly Ala
Cys Thr Gly Thr Thr 1970 1975 1980
Gly Ala Cys Ala Ala Gly Thr Cys Cys Ala Gly Ala Thr Gly Gly
1985 1990 1995 Cys Ala
Ala Cys Ala Gly Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Cys Gly Thr Thr 2000
2005 2010 Thr Thr Cys Thr Cys Cys Thr
Gly Thr Thr Cys Cys Gly Thr Thr 2015 2020
2025 Ala Thr Gly Cys Ala Thr Gly Ala Gly Gly Cys Thr
Thr Thr Gly 2030 2035 2040
Cys Ala Cys Ala Ala Cys Cys Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Ala Cys Thr 2045
2050 2055 Cys Ala Ala Ala Ala
Gly Thr Cys Cys Thr Thr Gly Thr Cys Thr 2060 2065
2070 Thr Thr Gly Thr Cys Cys Cys Cys Thr Gly
Gly Thr Gly Gly Thr 2075 2080 2085
Gly Gly Thr Gly Gly Thr Gly Thr Cys Gly Ala Cys Cys Ala Ala
2090 2095 2100 Thr Thr
Cys Thr Cys Thr Ala Ala Cys Thr Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr 2105
2110 2115 Thr Cys Cys Gly Cys Thr Thr
Cys Cys Thr Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr 2120 2125
2130 Gly Ala Cys Gly Thr Thr Ala Cys Thr Thr Cys Cys
Thr Cys Cys 2135 2140 2145
Thr Cys Cys Thr Cys Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr 2150
2155 2160 Thr Cys Cys Thr Cys
Cys Gly Gly Thr Thr Cys Cys Gly Thr Thr 2165 2170
2175 Ala Cys Thr Ala Thr Thr Ala Cys Thr Thr
Cys Cys Thr Cys Thr 2180 2185 2190
Gly Ala Gly Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala Gly Ala Ala Thr Cys Thr
2195 2200 2205 Gly Ala
Cys Ala Ala Cys Gly Gly Thr Ala Cys Thr Thr Cys Thr 2210
2215 2220 Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Thr Gly
Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Cys Thr 2225 2230
2235 Gly Ala Ala Ala Cys Thr Thr Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr
Gly Ala Gly 2240 2245 2250
Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Thr 2255
2260 2265 Ala Thr Thr Cys Cys
Ala Ala Cys Thr Ala Ala Cys Gly Gly Ala 2270 2275
2280 Ala Cys Thr Thr Cys Cys Ala Cys Ala Gly
Ala Gly Gly Cys Thr 2285 2290 2295
Cys Cys Ala Ala Cys Ala Ala Cys Ala Gly Cys Thr Ala Thr Cys
2300 2305 2310 Cys Cys
Thr Ala Cys Ala Ala Ala Cys Gly Gly Thr Ala Cys Ala 2315
2320 2325 Thr Cys Cys Ala Cys Thr Gly
Ala Ala Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Thr 2330 2335
2340 Ala Cys Thr Gly Ala Cys Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr
Ala Cys Ala 2345 2350 2355
Gly Ala Ala Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr 2360
2365 2370 Gly Cys Thr Thr Thr
Gly Cys Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr Ala Ala Thr 2375 2380
2385 Gly Gly Thr Ala Cys Ala Thr Cys Ala Ala
Cys Ala Gly Ala Gly 2390 2395 2400
Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Thr Ala Cys Ala Gly Ala Thr Ala Cys Ala
2405 2410 2415 Ala Cys
Ala Ala Cys Thr Gly Ala Ala Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala 2420
2425 2430 Ala Cys Ala Ala Cys Thr Gly
Gly Ala Thr Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala 2435 2440
2445 Ala Cys Ala Ala Ala Cys Gly Gly Thr Ala Cys Thr
Ala Cys Thr 2450 2455 2460
Thr Cys Thr Gly Cys Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Cys Ala Cys Cys Ala 2465
2470 2475 Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys
Thr Thr Cys Cys Thr Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala 2480 2485
2490 Cys Cys Ala Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Cys Ala
Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr 2495 2500 2505
Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala Cys Cys Ala Thr Ala Cys
2510 2515 2520 Ala Ala
Cys Cys Cys Ala Thr Cys Cys Ala Cys Thr Gly Ala Cys 2525
2530 2535 Thr Ala Cys Ala Cys Thr Ala
Cys Thr Gly Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys 2540 2545
2550 Ala Cys Ala Gly Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr Ala Cys Thr
Gly Ala Gly 2555 2560 2565
Thr Ala Cys Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr Thr Ala Cys Thr Gly Thr 2570
2575 2580 Cys Cys Ala Gly Ala
Gly Cys Cys Ala Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr 2585 2590
2595 Thr Thr Cys Ala Cys Ala Ala Cys Ala Ala
Ala Cys Gly Gly Ala 2600 2605 2610
Ala Ala Gly Ala Cys Thr Thr Ala Cys Ala Cys Thr Gly Thr Thr
2615 2620 2625 Ala Cys
Thr Gly Ala Gly Cys Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr 2630
2635 2640 Thr Thr Gly Ala Cys Thr Ala
Thr Cys Ala Cys Thr Gly Ala Cys 2645 2650
2655 Thr Gly Thr Cys Cys Ala Thr Gly Thr Ala Cys Thr
Ala Thr Cys 2660 2665 2670
Gly Ala Gly Ala Ala Gly Cys Cys Ala Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr 2675
2680 2685 Ala Cys Thr Thr Cys
Cys Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Ala Gly Ala Gly 2690 2695
2700 Thr Ala Thr Ala Cys Thr Gly Thr Thr Gly
Thr Thr Ala Cys Ala 2705 2710 2715
Gly Ala Ala Thr Ala Cys Ala Cys Ala Ala Cys Ala Thr Ala Thr
2720 2725 2730 Thr Gly
Thr Cys Cys Thr Gly Ala Gly Cys Cys Ala Ala Cys Ala 2735
2740 2745 Ala Cys Ala Thr Thr Cys Ala
Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr Ala Ala Thr 2750 2755
2760 Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Cys Ala Thr Ala Cys
Ala Cys Ala 2765 2770 2775
Gly Thr Thr Ala Cys Ala Gly Ala Ala Cys Cys Ala Ala Cys Thr 2780
2785 2790 Ala Cys Ala Thr Thr
Gly Ala Cys Ala Ala Thr Thr Ala Cys Ala 2795 2800
2805 Gly Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Cys Cys Thr Thr
Gly Thr Ala Cys Ala 2810 2815 2820
Ala Thr Thr Gly Ala Gly Ala Ala Gly Thr Cys Cys Gly Ala Gly
2825 2830 2835 Gly Cys
Thr Cys Cys Thr Gly Ala Ala Thr Cys Thr Thr Cys Thr 2840
2845 2850 Gly Thr Thr Cys Cys Ala Gly
Thr Thr Ala Cys Thr Gly Ala Ala 2855 2860
2865 Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Gly Gly Gly Thr Ala Cys Thr
Ala Cys Thr 2870 2875 2880
Ala Cys Thr Ala Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala Cys Thr Gly Gly Thr 2885
2890 2895 Gly Thr Thr Ala Cys
Thr Ala Cys Thr Ala Ala Gly Cys Ala Gly 2900 2905
2910 Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Thr Ala
Ala Cys Cys Cys Ala 2915 2920 2925
Thr Cys Cys Thr Thr Gly Ala Cys Thr Gly Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys
2930 2935 2940 Ala Cys
Thr Gly Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr Cys Cys Ala Gly Thr Thr 2945
2950 2955 Thr Cys Thr Thr Cys Cys Thr
Cys Thr Gly Cys Thr Thr Cys Thr 2960 2965
2970 Thr Cys Cys Cys Ala Cys Thr Cys Cys Gly Thr Thr
Gly Thr Thr 2975 2980 2985
Ala Thr Cys Ala Ala Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Cys Gly Gly Thr 2990
2995 3000 Gly Cys Thr Ala Ala
Cys Gly Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr 3005 3010
3015 Cys Cys Thr Gly Gly Thr Gly Cys Thr Thr
Thr Gly Gly Gly Ala 3020 3025 3030
Thr Thr Gly Gly Cys Thr Gly Gly Thr Gly Thr Thr Gly Cys Thr
3035 3040 3045 Ala Thr
Gly Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr Cys Thr Thr Gly Thr Ala Ala 3050
3055 3060 Thr Ala Gly Gly Gly Cys Cys
Gly Gly Cys Cys Ala Thr Thr Thr 3065 3070
3075 Ala Ala Ala Thr Ala Cys Ala Gly Gly Cys Cys Cys
Cys Thr Thr 3080 3085 3090
Thr Thr Cys Cys Thr Thr Thr Gly Thr Cys Gly Ala Thr Ala Thr 3095
3100 3105 Cys Ala Thr Gly Thr
Ala Ala Thr Thr Ala Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr 3110 3115
3120 Gly Thr Cys Ala Cys Gly Cys Thr Thr Ala
Cys Ala Thr Thr Cys 3125 3130 3135
Ala Cys Gly Cys Cys Cys Thr Cys Cys Thr Cys Cys Cys Ala Cys
3140 3145 3150 Ala Thr
Cys Cys Gly Cys Thr Cys Thr Ala Ala Cys Cys Gly Ala 3155
3160 3165 Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Ala
Gly Gly Ala Gly Thr Thr Ala Gly 3170 3175
3180 Ala Cys Ala Ala Cys Cys Thr Gly Ala Ala Gly Thr
Cys Thr Ala 3185 3190 3195
Gly Gly Thr Cys Cys Cys Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr 3200
3205 3210 Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr
Ala Ala Thr Ala Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr Gly 3215 3220
3225 Thr Thr Ala Gly Thr Ala Thr Thr Ala Ala
Gly Ala Ala Cys Gly 3230 3235 3240
Thr Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr Ala Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr Cys Ala Ala
3245 3250 3255 Ala Thr
Thr Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr 3260
3265 3270 Cys Thr Gly Thr Ala Cys Ala
Ala Ala Cys Gly Cys Gly Thr Gly 3275 3280
3285 Thr Ala Cys Gly Cys Ala Thr Gly Thr Ala Ala Cys
Ala Thr Thr 3290 3295 3300
Ala Thr Ala Cys Thr Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala Cys Cys Thr Thr Gly 3305
3310 3315 Cys Thr Thr Gly Ala
Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly 3320 3325
3330 Gly Gly Ala Cys Gly Cys Thr Cys Gly Ala
Ala Gly Gly Cys Thr 3335 3340 3345
Thr Thr Ala Ala Thr Thr Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Gly Cys Thr Gly
3350 3355 3360 Gly Ala
Thr Cys Cys Gly Cys Gly Gly Cys Cys Gly Cys Thr Thr 3365
3370 3375 Ala Cys Gly Cys Gly Cys Cys
Gly Thr Thr Cys Thr Thr Cys Gly 3380 3385
3390 Cys Thr Thr Gly Gly Thr Cys Thr Thr Gly Thr Ala
Thr Cys Thr 3395 3400 3405
Cys Cys Thr Thr Ala Cys Ala Cys Thr Gly Thr Ala Thr Cys Thr 3410
3415 3420 Thr Cys Cys Cys Ala
Thr Thr Thr Gly Cys Gly Thr Thr Thr Ala 3425 3430
3435 Gly Gly Thr Gly Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr Cys
Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala 3440 3445 3450
Cys Thr Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Thr Thr
3455 3460 3465 Thr Cys
Ala Gly Ala Thr Gly Thr Thr Thr Ala Thr Cys Thr Cys 3470
3475 3480 Thr Ala Ala Gly Gly Thr Thr
Thr Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Thr Thr 3485 3490
3495 Thr Thr Ala Cys Ala Gly Thr Ala Thr Ala Ala Cys
Ala Cys Gly 3500 3505 3510
Thr Gly Ala Thr Gly Cys Gly Thr Cys Ala Cys Gly Thr Gly Gly 3515
3520 3525 Thr Ala Cys Thr Ala
Gly Ala Thr Thr Ala Cys Gly Thr Ala Ala 3530 3535
3540 Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Gly
Thr Cys Cys Gly Gly 3545 3550 3555
Thr Gly Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Gly Thr Gly Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala
3560 3565 3570 Gly Ala
Ala Thr Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala Gly Cys Ala Thr Gly Ala 3575
3580 3585 Ala Gly Gly Thr Thr Thr Ala
Cys Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Cys Gly 3590 3595
3600 Cys Ala Gly Thr Cys Ala Cys Gly Ala Ala Thr Thr
Ala Thr Thr 3605 3610 3615
Gly Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr Thr Cys Gly Ala Gly Cys Thr Thr Gly 3620
3625 3630 Gly Ala Ala Cys Cys
Ala Cys Cys Cys Cys Ala Ala Ala Gly Ala 3635 3640
3645 Thr Thr Ala Thr Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Ala
Cys Thr Gly Ala Thr 3650 3655 3660
Gly Cys Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Cys Thr Thr Cys Thr Cys Gly Ala
3665 3670 3675 Thr Thr
Thr Thr Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Gly 3680
3685 3690 Ala Ala Cys Cys Thr Ala Cys
Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Cys Ala 3695 3700
3705 Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Thr Gly Ala Gly Cys Cys Thr
Thr Thr Thr 3710 3715 3720
Cys Ala Ala Cys Cys Thr Ala Gly Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Ala Cys 3725
3730 3735 Ala Thr Cys Ala Ala
Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr Ala Ala Gly 3740 3745
3750 Gly Thr Ala Thr Gly Thr Thr Cys Cys Gly
Thr Thr Ala Ala Cys 3755 3760 3765
Ala Thr Gly Thr Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Gly
3770 3775 3780 Ala Gly
Gly Ala Thr Ala Gly Ala Thr Cys Gly Thr Thr Thr Ala 3785
3790 3795 Thr Gly Gly Gly Gly Thr Ala
Cys Gly Thr Cys Gly Cys Cys Thr 3800 3805
3810 Gly Ala Thr Thr Cys Ala Ala Gly Cys Gly Thr Gly
Ala Cys Cys 3815 3820 3825
Ala Thr Thr Cys Gly Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala Thr Ala Gly Gly Cys 3830
3835 3840 Cys Thr Thr Cys Gly
Ala Ala Ala Gly Cys Thr Gly Ala Ala Thr 3845 3850
3855 Ala Ala Ala Gly Cys Ala Ala Ala Thr Gly
Thr Cys Ala Gly Thr 3860 3865 3870
Thr Gly Cys Gly Ala Thr Thr Gly Gly Thr Ala Thr Gly Cys Thr
3875 3880 3885 Gly Ala
Cys Ala Ala Ala Thr Thr Ala Gly Cys Ala Thr Ala Ala 3890
3895 3900 Ala Ala Ala Gly Cys Ala Ala
Thr Ala Gly Ala Cys Thr Thr Thr 3905 3910
3915 Cys Thr Ala Ala Cys Cys Ala Cys Cys Thr Gly Thr
Thr Thr Thr 3920 3925 3930
Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Thr Thr Thr Thr Ala Cys Thr Thr Thr Ala 3935
3940 3945 Thr Thr Thr Ala Thr
Ala Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala Cys 3950 3955
3960 Cys Gly Thr Ala Cys Thr Ala Ala Cys Ala
Ala Gly Thr Thr Cys 3965 3970 3975
Ala Gly Ala Cys Ala Ala Ala Thr Thr Ala Ala Thr Thr Ala Ala
3980 3985 3990 Cys Ala
Cys Cys Ala Thr Gly Thr Cys Ala Gly Ala Ala Gly Ala 3995
4000 4005 Thr Cys Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala
Ala Gly Thr Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala 4010 4015
4020 Thr Thr Cys Cys Gly Thr Ala Cys Cys Thr Thr Cys
Thr Ala Ala 4025 4030 4035
Gly Gly Thr Thr Ala Ala Thr Ala Thr Gly Gly Thr Gly Ala Ala 4040
4045 4050 Thr Cys Gly Cys Ala
Cys Cys Gly Ala Thr Ala Thr Ala Cys Thr 4055 4060
4065 Gly Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Gly Ala Thr Cys
Ala Ala Gly Thr Cys 4070 4075 4080
Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Cys Ala Thr Gly Gly Cys Thr Thr Gly Ala
4085 4090 4095 Cys Thr
Thr Gly Ala Thr Gly Thr Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala Thr Thr 4100
4105 4110 Thr Ala Cys Thr Ala Thr Ala
Ala Thr Thr Cys Thr Cys Thr Cys 4115 4120
4125 Cys Ala Thr Ala Ala Thr Cys Ala Thr Thr Gly Cys
Ala Gly Thr 4130 4135 4140
Ala Ala Thr Ala Ala Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Gly Thr Cys Thr Ala 4145
4150 4155 Thr Gly Thr Gly Cys
Cys Thr Thr Cys Thr Thr Cys Cys Cys Gly 4160 4165
4170 Thr Cys Ala Cys Ala Cys Thr Thr Thr Thr
Gly Ala Cys Gly Cys 4175 4180 4185
Thr Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Thr Cys Ala Thr Cys Cys Cys Ala Ala
4190 4195 4200 Thr Cys
Thr Ala Ala Thr Gly Gly Gly Ala Gly Thr Gly Thr Cys 4205
4210 4215 Cys Ala Thr Thr Cys Cys Thr
Thr Thr Gly Ala Cys Thr Gly Thr 4220 4225
4230 Thr Gly Gly Thr Ala Thr Gly Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr
Ala Ala Thr 4235 4240 4245
Gly Ala Thr Gly Ala Thr Thr Cys Cys Cys Cys Cys Gly Ala Thr 4250
4255 4260 Cys Thr Gly Cys Ala
Ala Ala Gly Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Thr Gly 4265 4270
4275 Gly Gly Ala Gly Thr Cys Thr Ala Thr Thr
Cys Ala Cys Ala Ala 4280 4285 4290
Gly Thr Ala Cys Thr Thr Cys Thr Ala Cys Ala Gly Gly Ala Gly
4295 4300 4305 Cys Thr
Ala Thr Ala Thr Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Cys Ala 4310
4315 4320 Ala Cys Thr Ala Gly Cys Cys
Cys Thr Cys Thr Cys Gly Thr Thr 4325 4330
4335 Ala Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Ala Ala Thr Thr Gly
Gly Gly Thr 4340 4345 4350
Cys Ala Thr Cys Gly Gly Thr Cys Cys Thr Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr 4355
4360 4365 Gly Ala Thr Gly Ala
Cys Ala Gly Cys Ala Thr Thr Gly Gly Cys 4370 4375
4380 Gly Thr Gly Gly Ala Thr Gly Gly Cys Gly
Cys Thr Ala Thr Thr 4385 4390 4395
Cys Gly Ala Thr Thr Ala Thr Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Ala Thr Ala
4400 4405 4410 Cys Cys
Gly Thr Cys Ala Ala Gly Gly Cys Ala Thr Thr Ala Thr 4415
4420 4425 Thr Ala Thr Gly Ala Thr Cys
Gly Gly Ala Gly Thr Ala Gly Cys 4430 4435
4440 Thr Ala Gly Ala Thr Gly Cys Ala Thr Thr Gly Cys
Cys Ala Thr 4445 4450 4455
Gly Gly Thr Gly Cys Thr Ala Ala Thr Thr Thr Gly Gly Ala Ala 4460
4465 4470 Thr Cys Ala Gly Ala
Thr Thr Gly Cys Thr Gly Gly Ala Gly Gly 4475 4480
4485 Ala Gly Ala Cys Ala Ala Thr Gly Ala Thr
Cys Thr Cys Thr Gly 4490 4495 4500
Cys Gly Thr Cys Gly Thr Gly Cys Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr
4505 4510 4515 Thr Ala
Cys Ala Ala Ala Cys Thr Cys Gly Cys Thr Thr Thr Thr 4520
4525 4530 Ala Cys Ala Gly Ala Thr Gly
Gly Thr Ala Thr Thr Ala Thr Ala 4535 4540
4545 Thr Gly Cys Ala Cys Cys Ala Thr Thr Gly Cys Ala
Gly Ala Thr 4550 4555 4560
Ala Thr Thr Thr Thr Ala Cys Thr Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr Gly Thr 4565
4570 4575 Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr
Cys Thr Cys Ala Thr Gly Ala Cys Cys Ala 4580 4585
4590 Cys Cys Thr Gly Ala Ala Thr Ala Cys Thr
Thr Cys Ala Ala Ala 4595 4600 4605
Thr Ala Gly Gly Gly Thr Ala Thr Thr Ala Thr Thr Cys Gly Ala
4610 4615 4620 Ala Gly
Ala Gly Gly Thr Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Ala Gly Thr Cys 4625
4630 4635 Thr Gly Thr Cys Gly Gly Ala
Gly Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr 4640 4645
4650 Cys Gly Gly Cys Ala Thr Ala Cys Cys Ala Cys Thr
Gly Gly Gly 4655 4660 4665
Ala Ala Thr Thr Gly Gly Cys Ala Thr Thr Ala Thr Cys Ala Thr 4670
4675 4680 Ala Cys Gly Thr Thr
Thr Gly Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Thr Cys Thr 4685 4690
4695 Thr Ala Cys Cys Ala Thr Ala Gly Cys Thr
Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala 4700 4705 4710
Ala Ala Gly Thr Ala Ala Thr Thr Ala Thr Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala
4715 4720 4725 Ala Thr
Ala Cys Ala Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Ala Gly Ala Thr Thr 4730
4735 4740 Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr
Cys Cys Ala Thr Gly Gly Gly Cys 4745 4750
4755 Ala Ala Thr Gly Ala Thr Cys Gly Gly Ala Thr Thr
Thr Cys Ala 4760 4765 4770
Thr Thr Ala Cys Ala Cys Thr Thr Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr Gly Thr 4775
4780 4785 Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr
Thr Thr Ala Thr Thr Ala Gly Thr Ala Gly 4790 4795
4800 Ala Gly Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr Cys Ala Ala
Thr Thr Thr Ala Thr 4805 4810 4815
Cys Cys Ala Cys Gly Ala Ala Ala Thr Thr Gly Gly Thr Thr Cys
4820 4825 4830 Thr Gly
Cys Ala Ala Thr Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Gly Cys Thr Thr 4835
4840 4845 Thr Gly Thr Cys Cys Cys Ala
Thr Thr Gly Gly Thr Gly Cys Thr 4850 4855
4860 Thr Thr Ala Cys Thr Thr Cys Thr Thr Thr Ala Thr
Thr Gly Cys 4865 4870 4875
Ala Thr Gly Gly Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Ala Cys Cys Thr Thr 4880
4885 4890 Cys Gly Cys Ala Thr
Thr Ala Ala Thr Gly Ala Gly Gly Thr Ala 4895 4900
4905 Cys Thr Thr Ala Thr Cys Ala Ala Thr Ala
Thr Cys Thr Ala Gly 4910 4915 4920
Gly Ala Gly Thr Gly Ala Thr Ala Cys Ala Cys Ala Ala Ala Gly
4925 4930 4935 Ala Gly
Ala Ala Thr Gly Thr Ala Gly Cys Thr Gly Thr Gly Ala 4940
4945 4950 Cys Cys Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala
Cys Thr Ala Cys Thr Thr Thr Thr 4955 4960
4965 Ala Ala Ala Gly Ala Gly Gly Gly Thr Cys Thr Gly
Gly Gly Gly 4970 4975 4980
Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala Gly Thr Cys Thr Thr Gly Thr Gly Ala 4985
4990 4995 Ala Gly Cys Thr Ala
Gly Cys Thr Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Ala Thr 5000 5005
5010 Thr Ala Cys Gly Ala Thr Gly Ala Cys Gly
Cys Ala Ala Thr Gly 5015 5020 5025
Thr Thr Thr Cys Ala Cys Thr Ala Thr Gly Gly Cys Thr Thr Cys
5030 5035 5040 Ala Ala
Ala Thr Ala Ala Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Ala Ala Cys Thr 5045
5050 5055 Ala Thr Cys Cys Cys Thr Gly
Gly Cys Ala Ala Thr Thr Gly Cys 5060 5065
5070 Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Thr Thr Ala Thr Ala
Thr Gly Gly 5075 5080 5085
Thr Ala Ala Cys Ala Ala Thr Ala Gly Cys Ala Ala Gly Cys Ala 5090
5095 5100 Ala Gly Cys Ala Ala
Thr Ala Gly Cys Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Cys 5105 5110
5115 Ala Thr Thr Thr Gly Gly Gly Cys Cys Gly
Thr Thr Gly Cys Thr 5120 5125 5130
Ala Gly Ala Ala Gly Thr Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Thr Thr Thr Thr
5135 5140 5145 Ala Thr
Thr Gly Ala Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Gly Cys Ala Ala Thr 5150
5155 5160 Ala Gly Thr Cys Gly Cys Gly
Ala Gly Ala Ala Thr Cys Cys Thr 5165 5170
5175 Thr Ala Ala Ala Cys Cys Ala Thr Ala Thr Thr Ala
Thr Ala Thr 5180 5185 5190
Ala Thr Gly Gly Ala Ala Cys Ala Ala Thr Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala 5195
5200 5205 Thr Thr Ala Ala Thr
Thr Ala Ala Cys Ala Gly Gly Cys Cys Cys 5210 5215
5220 Cys Thr Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Thr Thr Thr
Gly Thr Cys Gly Ala 5225 5230 5235
Thr Ala Thr Cys Ala Thr Gly Thr Ala Ala Thr Thr Ala Gly Thr
5240 5245 5250 Thr Ala
Thr Gly Thr Cys Ala Cys Gly Cys Thr Thr Ala Cys Ala 5255
5260 5265 Thr Thr Cys Ala Cys Gly Cys
Cys Cys Thr Cys Cys Thr Cys Cys 5270 5275
5280 Cys Ala Cys Ala Thr Cys Cys Gly Cys Thr Cys Thr
Ala Ala Cys 5285 5290 5295
Cys Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Gly Thr 5300
5305 5310 Thr Ala Gly Ala Cys
Ala Ala Cys Cys Thr Gly Ala Ala Gly Thr 5315 5320
5325 Cys Thr Ala Gly Gly Thr Cys Cys Cys Thr
Ala Thr Thr Thr Ala 5330 5335 5340
Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Ala Ala Thr Ala Gly Thr Thr
5345 5350 5355 Ala Thr
Gly Thr Thr Ala Gly Thr Ala Thr Thr Ala Ala Gly Ala 5360
5365 5370 Ala Cys Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr
Thr Thr Ala Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr 5375 5380
5385 Cys Ala Ala Ala Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Thr
Thr Thr Thr 5390 5395 5400
Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Gly Thr Ala Cys Ala Ala Ala Cys Gly Cys 5405
5410 5415 Gly Thr Gly Thr Ala
Cys Gly Cys Ala Thr Gly Thr Ala Ala Cys 5420 5425
5430 Ala Thr Thr Ala Thr Ala Cys Thr Gly Ala
Ala Ala Ala Cys Cys 5435 5440 5445
Thr Thr Gly Cys Thr Thr Gly Ala Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Thr Thr
5450 5455 5460 Thr Thr
Gly Gly Gly Ala Cys Gly Cys Thr Cys Gly Ala Ala Gly 5465
5470 5475 Gly Cys Thr Thr Thr Ala Ala
Thr Thr Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Gly 5480 5485
5490 Cys Thr Gly Cys Gly Gly Cys Cys Thr Ala Ala Gly
Gly Cys Gly 5495 5500 5505
Cys Gly Cys Cys Ala Gly Gly Cys Cys Ala Thr Ala Ala Thr Gly 5510
5515 5520 Gly Cys Cys Cys Ala
Ala Ala Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Gly Ala Gly 5525 5530
5535 Gly Ala Cys Ala Thr Thr Ala Gly Ala Ala
Ala Thr Gly Thr Gly 5540 5545 5550
Thr Thr Thr Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala Cys Ala Thr Gly
5555 5560 5565 Ala Ala
Gly Cys Cys Gly Gly Ala Gly Gly Cys Ala Thr Ala Cys 5570
5575 5580 Ala Ala Ala Cys Gly Ala Thr
Thr Cys Ala Cys Ala Gly Ala Thr 5585 5590
5595 Thr Thr Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Gly Gly Ala Ala
Ala Ala Cys 5600 5605 5610
Ala Ala Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Ala Thr Cys Cys Ala Cys Cys Gly 5615
5620 5625 Gly Ala Ala Gly Thr
Gly Cys Cys Ala Gly Cys Ala Gly Cys Cys 5630 5635
5640 Gly Thr Gly Thr Ala Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala
Ala Cys Cys Thr Thr 5645 5650 5655
Gly Cys Thr Cys Thr Cys Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Cys Ala Thr Thr
5660 5665 5670 Cys Cys
Thr Ala Cys Gly Gly Ala Thr Cys Thr Gly Ala Gly Thr 5675
5680 5685 Gly Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Thr
Ala Thr Cys Thr Gly Ala Gly Ala 5690 5695
5700 Thr Thr Cys Ala Cys Ala Gly Ala Cys Cys Cys Ala
Cys Thr Ala 5705 5710 5715
Thr Thr Gly Gly Ala Ala Cys Ala Gly Thr Ala Cys Cys Ala Ala 5720
5725 5730 Ala Cys Cys Thr Ala
Gly Thr Thr Thr Gly Gly Cys Cys Gly Ala 5735 5740
5745 Thr Cys Cys Ala Thr Gly Ala Thr Thr Ala
Thr Gly Thr Ala Ala 5750 5755 5760
Thr Gly Cys Ala Thr Ala Thr Ala Gly Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly
5765 5770 5775 Thr Cys
Gly Ala Thr Gly Cys Thr Cys Ala Cys Cys Cys Gly Thr 5780
5785 5790 Thr Thr Cys Gly Ala Gly Thr
Cys Thr Gly Thr Cys Thr Cys Gly 5795 5800
5805 Thr Ala Thr Cys Gly Thr Cys Thr Thr Ala Cys Gly
Thr Ala Thr 5810 5815 5820
Ala Ala Gly Thr Thr Cys Ala Ala Gly Cys Ala Thr Gly Thr Thr 5825
5830 5835 Thr Ala Cys Cys Ala
Gly Gly Thr Cys Thr Gly Thr Thr Ala Gly 5840 5845
5850 Ala Ala Ala Cys Thr Cys Cys Thr Thr Thr
Gly Thr Gly Ala Gly 5855 5860 5865
Gly Gly Cys Ala Gly Gly Ala Cys Cys Thr Ala Thr Thr Cys Gly
5870 5875 5880 Thr Cys
Thr Cys Gly Gly Thr Cys Cys Cys Gly Thr Thr Gly Thr 5885
5890 5895 Thr Thr Cys Thr Ala Ala Gly
Ala Gly Ala Cys Thr Gly Thr Ala 5900 5905
5910 Cys Ala Gly Cys Cys Ala Ala Gly Cys Gly Cys Ala
Gly Ala Ala 5915 5920 5925
Thr Gly Gly Thr Gly Gly Cys Ala Thr Thr Ala Ala Cys Cys Ala 5930
5935 5940 Thr Ala Ala Gly Ala
Gly Gly Ala Thr Thr Cys Thr Gly Ala Thr 5945 5950
5955 Cys Gly Gly Ala Cys Thr Thr Gly Gly Thr
Cys Thr Ala Thr Thr 5960 5965 5970
Gly Gly Cys Thr Ala Thr Thr Gly Gly Ala Ala Cys Cys Ala Cys
5975 5980 5985 Cys Cys
Thr Thr Thr Ala Cys Gly Gly Gly Ala Cys Ala Ala Cys 5990
5995 6000 Cys Ala Ala Cys Cys Cys Thr
Ala Cys Cys Ala Ala Gly Ala Cys 6005 6010
6015 Thr Cys Cys Thr Ala Thr Thr Gly Cys Ala Thr Thr
Thr Gly Thr 6020 6025 6030
Gly Gly Ala Ala Cys Cys Ala Gly Cys Cys Ala Cys Gly Gly Ala 6035
6040 6045 Ala Ala Gly Ala Gly
Cys Gly Thr Thr Thr Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala 6050 6055
6060 Cys Gly Gly Ala Gly Ala Cys Gly Thr Cys
Thr Cys Thr Gly Thr 6065 6070 6075
Gly Ala Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr Cys Thr Cys Gly Gly
6080 6085 6090 Ala Gly
Gly Thr Cys Cys Ala Gly Gly Ala Gly Cys Thr Gly Gly 6095
6100 6105 Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Thr
Ala Cys Cys Cys Ala Ala Thr Gly 6110 6115
6120 Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala Ala Ala Cys Thr Ala Gly Thr
Gly Ala Gly 6125 6130 6135
Thr Ala Ala Thr Thr Ala Cys Gly Gly Ala Thr Thr Thr Gly Thr 6140
6145 6150 Thr Cys Ala Cys Cys
Thr Gly Thr Cys Ala Gly Cys Thr Gly Gly 6155 6160
6165 Ala Gly Ala Cys Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr Ala
Cys Gly Thr Gly Cys 6170 6175 6180
Ala Gly Ala Ala Cys Ala Gly Ala Ala Gly Ala Gly Gly Gly Ala
6185 6190 6195 Gly Gly
Gly Gly Thr Cys Thr Ala Ala Gly Thr Ala Thr Gly Gly 6200
6205 6210 Ala Gly Ala Gly Ala Thr Gly
Ala Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Cys Ala 6215 6220
6225 Gly Thr Ala Thr Ala Thr Cys Ala Gly Ala Gly Ala
Thr Gly Gly 6230 6235 6240
Ala Cys Thr Gly Ala Thr Ala Gly Thr Ala Cys Cys Thr Cys Ala 6245
6250 6255 Ala Gly Ala Gly Gly
Thr Cys Ala Cys Cys Ala Thr Thr Gly Cys 6260 6265
6270 Gly Cys Thr Cys Thr Thr Gly Gly Ala Gly
Cys Ala Gly Gly Cys 6275 6280 6285
Cys Ala Thr Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala Cys Thr Thr
6290 6295 6300 Cys Gly
Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Ala Cys 6305
6310 6315 Ala Cys Gly Gly Thr Thr Cys
Thr Thr Gly Ala Thr Thr Gly Ala 6320 6325
6330 Thr Gly Gly Ala Thr Thr Cys Cys Cys Thr Cys Gly
Thr Ala Ala 6335 6340 6345
Gly Ala Thr Gly Gly Ala Cys Cys Ala Gly Gly Cys Cys Ala Ala 6350
6355 6360 Ala Ala Cys Thr Thr
Thr Thr Gly Ala Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala 6365 6370
6375 Ala Gly Thr Cys Gly Cys Ala Ala Ala Gly
Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala 6380 6385 6390
Gly Gly Thr Gly Ala Cys Ala Cys Thr Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Thr
6395 6400 6405 Thr Gly
Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Cys Cys Cys Gly Ala Ala Thr Cys 6410
6415 6420 Ala Gly Thr Gly Cys Thr Cys
Cys Thr Thr Gly Ala Gly Ala Gly 6425 6430
6435 Ala Thr Thr Ala Cys Thr Thr Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly
Ala Gly Gly 6440 6445 6450
Ala Cys Ala Gly Ala Cys Ala Ala Gly Cys Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly 6455
6460 6465 Ala Gly Ala Gly Gly
Ala Thr Gly Ala Thr Ala Ala Thr Gly Cys 6470 6475
6480 Gly Gly Ala Gly Ala Gly Thr Ala Thr Cys
Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala 6485 6490 6495
Ala Ala Gly Ala Thr Thr Cys Ala Ala Ala Ala Cys Ala Thr Thr
6500 6505 6510 Cys Gly
Thr Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Cys Thr Thr Cys Gly Ala Thr 6515
6520 6525 Gly Cys Cys Thr Gly Thr Gly
Gly Thr Gly Gly Ala Cys Thr Ala 6530 6535
6540 Thr Thr Thr Cys Gly Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Cys Ala
Ala Gly Gly 6545 6550 6555
Ala Cys Gly Cys Gly Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Thr 6560
6565 6570 Ala Thr Cys Thr Thr
Gly Thr Gly Ala Cys Cys Ala Cys Cys Cys 6575 6580
6585 Thr Gly Thr Gly Gly Ala Thr Cys Ala Ala
Gly Thr Gly Thr Ala 6590 6595 6600
Thr Thr Cys Ala Cys Ala Gly Gly Thr Thr Gly Thr Gly Thr Cys
6605 6610 6615 Gly Gly
Thr Gly Cys Thr Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Ala Gly Ala Ala 6620
6625 6630 Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Thr Cys
Thr Thr Thr Gly Cys Cys Gly Ala 6635 6640
6645 Thr Ala Ala Cys Gly Ala Gly Ala Cys Gly Gly Ala
Gly Ala Ala 6650 6655 6660
Thr Ala Ala Ala Thr Ala Ala Ala Cys Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Ala 6665
6670 6675 Ala Thr Ala Ala Gly
Ala Thr Thr Thr Ala Gly Ala Cys Thr Gly 6680 6685
6690 Thr Gly Ala Ala Thr Gly Thr Thr Cys Thr
Ala Thr Gly Thr Ala 6695 6700 6705
Ala Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Cys Gly Ala Gly Ala Thr Ala
6710 6715 6720 Cys Thr
Gly Thr Ala Thr Cys Thr Ala Thr Cys Thr Gly Gly Thr 6725
6730 6735 Gly Thr Ala Cys Cys Gly Thr
Ala Thr Cys Ala Cys Thr Cys Thr 6740 6745
6750 Gly Gly Ala Cys Thr Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Ala Cys
Thr Cys Ala 6755 6760 6765
Thr Thr Gly Ala Thr Thr Ala Cys Thr Thr Gly Thr Gly Cys Ala 6770
6775 6780 Ala Thr Gly Gly Gly
Cys Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Thr 6785 6790
6795 Ala Gly Cys Thr Cys Thr Ala Gly Ala Ala
Ala Gly Ala Ala Gly 6800 6805 6810
Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Gly Cys Cys Gly
6815 6820 6825 Cys Cys
Thr Gly Ala Ala Gly Ala Gly Cys Thr Gly Gly Ala Thr 6830
6835 6840 Cys Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Gly
Ala Gly Gly Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr 6845 6850
6855 Cys Cys Ala Ala Cys Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Gly Thr
Thr Ala Thr 6860 6865 6870
Gly Ala Gly Gly Ala Ala Thr Thr Thr Cys Ala Thr Gly Thr Thr 6875
6880 6885 Gly Ala Gly Cys Ala
Ala Gly Ala Gly Gly Ala Gly Ala Ala Thr 6890 6895
6900 Cys Cys Gly Gly Thr Cys Gly Ala Thr Cys
Ala Ala Gly Ala Cys 6905 6910 6915
Gly Ala Ala Cys Thr Thr Gly Ala Cys Gly Gly Cys Cys Ala Thr
6920 6925 6930 Ala Ala
Thr Gly Gly Cys Cys Thr Ala Gly Cys Thr Thr Gly Gly 6935
6940 6945 Cys Gly Thr Ala Ala Thr Cys
Ala Thr Gly Gly Thr Cys Ala Thr 6950 6955
6960 Ala Gly Cys Thr Gly Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Thr Gly
Thr Gly Thr 6965 6970 6975
Gly Ala Ala Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr Cys Cys Gly Cys 6980
6985 6990 Thr Cys Ala Cys Ala
Ala Thr Thr Cys Cys Ala Cys Ala Cys Ala 6995 7000
7005 Ala Cys Ala Thr Ala Cys Gly Ala Gly Cys
Cys Gly Gly Ala Ala 7010 7015 7020
Gly Cys Ala Thr Ala Ala Ala Gly Thr Gly Thr Ala Ala Ala Gly
7025 7030 7035 Cys Cys
Thr Gly Gly Gly Gly Thr Gly Cys Cys Thr Ala Ala Thr 7040
7045 7050 Gly Ala Gly Thr Gly Ala Gly
Cys Thr Ala Ala Cys Thr Cys Ala 7055 7060
7065 Cys Ala Thr Thr Ala Ala Thr Thr Gly Cys Gly Thr
Thr Gly Cys 7070 7075 7080
Gly Cys Thr Cys Ala Cys Thr Gly Cys Cys Cys Gly Cys Thr Thr 7085
7090 7095 Thr Cys Cys Ala Gly
Thr Cys Gly Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Cys Cys 7100 7105
7110 Thr Gly Thr Cys Gly Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala
Gly Cys Thr Gly Cys 7115 7120 7125
Ala Thr Thr Ala Ala Thr Gly Ala Ala Thr Cys Gly Gly Cys Cys
7130 7135 7140 Ala Ala
Cys Gly Cys Gly Cys Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Gly Ala Gly 7145
7150 7155 Gly Cys Gly Gly Thr Thr Thr
Gly Cys Gly Thr Ala Thr Thr Gly 7160 7165
7170 Gly Gly Cys Gly Cys Thr Cys Thr Thr Cys Cys Gly
Cys Thr Thr 7175 7180 7185
Cys Cys Thr Cys Gly Cys Thr Cys Ala Cys Thr Gly Ala Cys Thr 7190
7195 7200 Cys Gly Cys Thr Gly
Cys Gly Cys Thr Cys Gly Gly Thr Cys Gly 7205 7210
7215 Thr Thr Cys Gly Gly Cys Thr Gly Cys Gly
Gly Cys Gly Ala Gly 7220 7225 7230
Cys Gly Gly Thr Ala Thr Cys Ala Gly Cys Thr Cys Ala Cys Thr
7235 7240 7245 Cys Ala
Ala Ala Gly Gly Cys Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Thr Ala Cys 7250
7255 7260 Gly Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr Cys
Cys Ala Cys Ala Gly Ala Ala Thr 7265 7270
7275 Cys Ala Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Thr Ala Ala Cys Gly
Cys Ala Gly 7280 7285 7290
Gly Ala Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala Cys Ala Thr Gly Thr Gly Ala Gly 7295
7300 7305 Cys Ala Ala Ala Ala
Gly Gly Cys Cys Ala Gly Cys Ala Ala Ala 7310 7315
7320 Ala Gly Gly Cys Cys Ala Gly Gly Ala Ala
Cys Cys Gly Thr Ala 7325 7330 7335
Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Cys Cys Gly Cys Gly Thr Thr Gly Cys
7340 7345 7350 Thr Gly
Gly Cys Gly Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Cys Cys Ala Thr Ala 7355
7360 7365 Gly Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Gly
Cys Cys Cys Cys Cys Cys Thr Gly 7370 7375
7380 Ala Cys Gly Ala Gly Cys Ala Thr Cys Ala Cys Ala
Ala Ala Ala 7385 7390 7395
Ala Thr Cys Gly Ala Cys Gly Cys Thr Cys Ala Ala Gly Thr Cys 7400
7405 7410 Ala Gly Ala Gly Gly
Thr Gly Gly Cys Gly Ala Ala Ala Cys Cys 7415 7420
7425 Cys Gly Ala Cys Ala Gly Gly Ala Cys Thr
Ala Thr Ala Ala Ala 7430 7435 7440
Gly Ala Thr Ala Cys Cys Ala Gly Gly Cys Gly Thr Thr Thr Cys
7445 7450 7455 Cys Cys
Cys Cys Thr Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Cys 7460
7465 7470 Thr Cys Gly Thr Gly Cys Gly
Cys Thr Cys Thr Cys Cys Thr Gly 7475 7480
7485 Thr Thr Cys Cys Gly Ala Cys Cys Cys Thr Gly Cys
Cys Gly Cys 7490 7495 7500
Thr Thr Ala Cys Cys Gly Gly Ala Thr Ala Cys Cys Thr Gly Thr 7505
7510 7515 Cys Cys Gly Cys Cys
Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Cys Cys Cys Thr Thr 7520 7525
7530 Cys Gly Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Cys Gly Thr
Gly Gly Cys Gly Cys 7535 7540 7545
Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Cys Ala Thr Ala Gly Cys Thr Cys Ala Cys
7550 7555 7560 Gly Cys
Thr Gly Thr Ala Gly Gly Thr Ala Thr Cys Thr Cys Ala 7565
7570 7575 Gly Thr Thr Cys Gly Gly Thr
Gly Thr Ala Gly Gly Thr Cys Gly 7580 7585
7590 Thr Thr Cys Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Gly Cys
Thr Gly Gly 7595 7600 7605
Gly Cys Thr Gly Thr Gly Thr Gly Cys Ala Cys Gly Ala Ala Cys 7610
7615 7620 Cys Cys Cys Cys Cys
Gly Thr Thr Cys Ala Gly Cys Cys Cys Gly 7625 7630
7635 Ala Cys Cys Gly Cys Thr Gly Cys Gly Cys
Cys Thr Thr Ala Thr 7640 7645 7650
Cys Cys Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Cys Thr Ala Thr Cys Gly Thr Cys
7655 7660 7665 Thr Thr
Gly Ala Gly Thr Cys Cys Ala Ala Cys Cys Cys Gly Gly 7670
7675 7680 Thr Ala Ala Gly Ala Cys Ala
Cys Gly Ala Cys Thr Thr Ala Thr 7685 7690
7695 Cys Gly Cys Cys Ala Cys Thr Gly Gly Cys Ala Gly
Cys Ala Gly 7700 7705 7710
Cys Cys Ala Cys Thr Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Cys Ala Gly Gly Ala 7715
7720 7725 Thr Thr Ala Gly Cys
Ala Gly Ala Gly Cys Gly Ala Gly Gly Thr 7730 7735
7740 Ala Thr Gly Thr Ala Gly Gly Cys Gly Gly
Thr Gly Cys Thr Ala 7745 7750 7755
Cys Ala Gly Ala Gly Thr Thr Cys Thr Thr Gly Ala Ala Gly Thr
7760 7765 7770 Gly Gly
Thr Gly Gly Cys Cys Thr Ala Ala Cys Thr Ala Cys Gly 7775
7780 7785 Gly Cys Thr Ala Cys Ala Cys
Thr Ala Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala 7790 7795
7800 Cys Ala Gly Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr Gly Gly Thr Ala
Thr Cys Thr 7805 7810 7815
Gly Cys Gly Cys Thr Cys Thr Gly Cys Thr Gly Ala Ala Gly Cys 7820
7825 7830 Cys Ala Gly Thr Thr
Ala Cys Cys Thr Thr Cys Gly Gly Ala Ala 7835 7840
7845 Ala Ala Ala Gly Ala Gly Thr Thr Gly Gly
Thr Ala Gly Cys Thr 7850 7855 7860
Cys Thr Thr Gly Ala Thr Cys Cys Gly Gly Cys Ala Ala Ala Cys
7865 7870 7875 Ala Ala
Ala Cys Cys Ala Cys Cys Gly Cys Thr Gly Gly Thr Ala 7880
7885 7890 Gly Cys Gly Gly Thr Gly Gly
Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly 7895 7900
7905 Thr Thr Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Gly Cys Ala Gly Cys
Ala Gly Ala 7910 7915 7920
Thr Thr Ala Cys Gly Cys Gly Cys Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala 7925
7930 7935 Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala
Thr Cys Thr Cys Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala Gly 7940 7945
7950 Ala Thr Cys Cys Thr Thr Thr Gly Ala Thr
Cys Thr Thr Thr Thr 7955 7960 7965
Cys Thr Ala Cys Gly Gly Gly Gly Thr Cys Thr Gly Ala Cys Gly
7970 7975 7980 Cys Thr
Cys Ala Gly Thr Gly Gly Ala Ala Cys Gly Ala Ala Ala 7985
7990 7995 Ala Cys Thr Cys Ala Cys Gly
Thr Thr Ala Ala Gly Gly Gly Ala 8000 8005
8010 Thr Thr Thr Thr Gly Gly Thr Cys Ala Thr Gly Ala
Gly Ala Thr 8015 8020 8025
Thr Ala Thr Cys Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Thr Cys Thr 8030
8035 8040 Thr Cys Ala Cys Cys
Thr Ala Gly Ala Thr Cys Cys Thr Thr Thr 8045 8050
8055 Thr Ala Ala Ala Thr Thr Ala Ala Ala Ala
Ala Thr Gly Ala Ala 8060 8065 8070
Gly Thr Thr Thr Thr Ala Ala Ala Thr Cys Ala Ala Thr Cys Thr
8075 8080 8085 Ala Ala
Ala Gly Thr Ala Thr Ala Thr Ala Thr Gly Ala Gly Thr 8090
8095 8100 Ala Ala Ala Cys Thr Thr Gly
Gly Thr Cys Thr Gly Ala Cys Ala 8105 8110
8115 Gly Thr Thr Ala Cys Cys Ala Ala Thr Gly Cys Thr
Thr Ala Ala 8120 8125 8130
Thr Cys Ala Gly Thr Gly Ala Gly Gly Cys Ala Cys Cys Thr Ala 8135
8140 8145 Thr Cys Thr Cys Ala
Gly Cys Gly Ala Thr Cys Thr Gly Thr Cys 8150 8155
8160 Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr Cys Gly Thr Thr Cys
Ala Thr Cys Cys Ala 8165 8170 8175
Thr Ala Gly Thr Thr Gly Cys Cys Thr Gly Ala Cys Thr Cys Cys
8180 8185 8190 Cys Cys
Gly Thr Cys Gly Thr Gly Thr Ala Gly Ala Thr Ala Ala 8195
8200 8205 Cys Thr Ala Cys Gly Ala Thr
Ala Cys Gly Gly Gly Ala Gly Gly 8210 8215
8220 Gly Cys Thr Thr Ala Cys Cys Ala Thr Cys Thr Gly
Gly Cys Cys 8225 8230 8235
Cys Cys Ala Gly Thr Gly Cys Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala Thr Gly Ala 8240
8245 8250 Thr Ala Cys Cys Gly
Cys Gly Ala Gly Ala Cys Cys Cys Ala Cys 8255 8260
8265 Gly Cys Thr Cys Ala Cys Cys Gly Gly Cys
Thr Cys Cys Ala Gly 8270 8275 8280
Ala Thr Thr Thr Ala Thr Cys Ala Gly Cys Ala Ala Thr Ala Ala
8285 8290 8295 Ala Cys
Cys Ala Gly Cys Cys Ala Gly Cys Cys Gly Gly Ala Ala 8300
8305 8310 Gly Gly Gly Cys Cys Gly Ala
Gly Cys Gly Cys Ala Gly Ala Ala 8315 8320
8325 Gly Thr Gly Gly Thr Cys Cys Thr Gly Cys Ala Ala
Cys Thr Thr 8330 8335 8340
Thr Ala Thr Cys Cys Gly Cys Cys Thr Cys Cys Ala Thr Cys Cys 8345
8350 8355 Ala Gly Thr Cys Thr
Ala Thr Thr Ala Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr 8360 8365
8370 Gly Cys Cys Gly Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Cys
Thr Ala Gly Ala Gly 8375 8380 8385
Thr Ala Ala Gly Thr Ala Gly Thr Thr Cys Gly Cys Cys Ala Gly
8390 8395 8400 Thr Thr
Ala Ala Thr Ala Gly Thr Thr Thr Gly Cys Gly Cys Ala 8405
8410 8415 Ala Cys Gly Thr Thr Gly Thr
Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala Thr Thr Gly 8420 8425
8430 Cys Thr Ala Cys Ala Gly Gly Cys Ala Thr Cys Gly
Thr Gly Gly 8435 8440 8445
Thr Gly Thr Cys Ala Cys Gly Cys Thr Cys Gly Thr Cys Gly Thr 8450
8455 8460 Thr Thr Gly Gly Thr
Ala Thr Gly Gly Cys Thr Thr Cys Ala Thr 8465 8470
8475 Thr Cys Ala Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Gly Gly
Thr Thr Cys Cys Cys 8480 8485 8490
Ala Ala Cys Gly Ala Thr Cys Ala Ala Gly Gly Cys Gly Ala Gly
8495 8500 8505 Thr Thr
Ala Cys Ala Thr Gly Ala Thr Cys Cys Cys Cys Cys Ala 8510
8515 8520 Thr Gly Thr Thr Gly Thr Gly
Cys Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly 8525 8530
8535 Cys Gly Gly Thr Thr Ala Gly Cys Thr Cys Cys Thr
Thr Cys Gly 8540 8545 8550
Gly Thr Cys Cys Thr Cys Cys Gly Ala Thr Cys Gly Thr Thr Gly 8555
8560 8565 Thr Cys Ala Gly Ala
Ala Gly Thr Ala Ala Gly Thr Thr Gly Gly 8570 8575
8580 Cys Cys Gly Cys Ala Gly Thr Gly Thr Thr
Ala Thr Cys Ala Cys 8585 8590 8595
Thr Cys Ala Thr Gly Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr Gly Gly Cys Ala Gly
8600 8605 8610 Cys Ala
Cys Thr Gly Cys Ala Thr Ala Ala Thr Thr Cys Thr Cys 8615
8620 8625 Thr Thr Ala Cys Thr Gly Thr
Cys Ala Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala Thr 8630 8635
8640 Cys Cys Gly Thr Ala Ala Gly Ala Thr Gly Cys Thr
Thr Thr Thr 8645 8650 8655
Cys Thr Gly Thr Gly Ala Cys Thr Gly Gly Thr Gly Ala Gly Thr 8660
8665 8670 Ala Cys Thr Cys Ala
Ala Cys Cys Ala Ala Gly Thr Cys Ala Thr 8675 8680
8685 Thr Cys Thr Gly Ala Gly Ala Ala Thr Ala
Gly Thr Gly Thr Ala 8690 8695 8700
Thr Gly Cys Gly Gly Cys Gly Ala Cys Cys Gly Ala Gly Thr Thr
8705 8710 8715 Gly Cys
Thr Cys Thr Thr Gly Cys Cys Cys Gly Gly Cys Gly Thr 8720
8725 8730 Cys Ala Ala Thr Ala Cys Gly
Gly Gly Ala Thr Ala Ala Thr Ala 8735 8740
8745 Cys Cys Gly Cys Gly Cys Cys Ala Cys Ala Thr Ala
Gly Cys Ala 8750 8755 8760
Gly Ala Ala Cys Thr Thr Thr Ala Ala Ala Ala Gly Thr Gly Cys 8765
8770 8775 Thr Cys Ala Thr Cys
Ala Thr Thr Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala Cys 8780 8785
8790 Gly Thr Thr Cys Thr Thr Cys Gly Gly Gly
Gly Cys Gly Ala Ala 8795 8800 8805
Ala Ala Cys Thr Cys Thr Cys Ala Ala Gly Gly Ala Thr Cys Thr
8810 8815 8820 Thr Ala
Cys Cys Gly Cys Thr Gly Thr Thr Gly Ala Gly Ala Thr 8825
8830 8835 Cys Cys Ala Gly Thr Thr Cys
Gly Ala Thr Gly Thr Ala Ala Cys 8840 8845
8850 Cys Cys Ala Cys Thr Cys Gly Thr Gly Cys Ala Cys
Cys Cys Ala 8855 8860 8865
Ala Cys Thr Gly Ala Thr Cys Thr Thr Cys Ala Gly Cys Ala Thr 8870
8875 8880 Cys Thr Thr Thr Thr
Ala Cys Thr Thr Thr Cys Ala Cys Cys Ala 8885 8890
8895 Gly Cys Gly Thr Thr Thr Cys Thr Gly Gly
Gly Thr Gly Ala Gly 8900 8905 8910
Cys Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Cys Ala Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Cys
8915 8920 8925 Ala Ala
Ala Ala Thr Gly Cys Cys Gly Cys Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala 8930
8935 8940 Ala Gly Gly Gly Ala Ala Thr
Ala Ala Gly Gly Gly Cys Gly Ala 8945 8950
8955 Cys Ala Cys Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Thr Gly Thr Thr
Gly Ala Ala 8960 8965 8970
Thr Ala Cys Thr Cys Ala Thr Ala Cys Thr Cys Thr Thr Cys Cys 8975
8980 8985 Thr Thr Thr Thr Thr
Cys Ala Ala Thr Ala Thr Thr Ala Thr Thr 8990 8995
9000 Gly Ala Ala Gly Cys Ala Thr Thr Thr Ala
Thr Cys Ala Gly Gly 9005 9010 9015
Gly Thr Thr Ala Thr Thr Gly Thr Cys Thr Cys Ala Thr Gly Ala
9020 9025 9030 Gly Cys
Gly Gly Ala Thr Ala Cys Ala Thr Ala Thr Thr Thr Gly 9035
9040 9045 Ala Ala Thr Gly Thr Ala Thr
Thr Thr Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala Ala 9050 9055
9060 Ala Thr Ala Ala Ala Cys Ala Ala Ala Thr Ala Gly
Gly Gly Gly 9065 9070 9075
Thr Thr Cys Cys Gly Cys Gly Cys Ala Cys Ala Thr Thr Thr Cys 9080
9085 9090 Cys Cys Cys Gly Ala
Ala Ala Ala Gly Thr Gly Cys Cys Ala Cys 9095 9100
9105 Cys Thr Gly Ala Cys Gly Thr Cys Thr Ala
Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala 9110 9115 9120
Cys Cys Ala Thr Thr Ala Thr Thr Ala Thr Cys Ala Thr Gly Ala
9125 9130 9135 Cys Ala
Thr Thr Ala Ala Cys Cys Thr Ala Thr Ala Ala Ala Ala 9140
9145 9150 Ala Thr Ala Gly Gly Cys Gly
Thr Ala Thr Cys Ala Cys Gly Ala 9155 9160
9165 Gly Gly Cys Cys Cys Thr Thr Thr Cys Gly Thr Cys
9170 9175 9180
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