WATERLESS HYGENIC TOILET

Abstract

A portable, self-contained toilet is provided that does not require water, and produces its own energy without the need for an external source of power. The toilet includes and external housing for providing protection from environmental elements to components of the toilet and to human users of the toilet. A toilet bowl directs liquid and solid waste into a collection hopper. Once the hopper is full, a turntable or other rotary device is indexed to advance the waste filled hopper to an intermediary position. From there, the hopper is moved onto a burner, where the collected human waste is separated into liquid and solid waste. As a result of heating, the liquid waste turns to steam and is removed from the hopper, collected, filtered and the resulting distilled water stored. The remaining solid bio-fuel may be removed and disposed of or used as needed. Solar panels and batteries provide power to the toilet may be replaced with an alternate energy source providing the same inherent energy requirements to the process.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The invention relates to portable, self-contained toilets, and specifically relates to a portable, self-contained toilet that does not require water, and produces its own energy without the need for an external source of power.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] An estimated 2.6 billion people--about 40 percent of the world's population--do not have access to sanitation. In such situations, human waste piles up without access to functioning toilets contaminating drinking and bathing water and spreading disease. Children often suffer the most with 1.5 million dying worldwide each year from poor sanitation. There are substantial obstacles to fixing the problem. In many developing countries, there is no sewer infrastructure and water is scarce.

[0003] Creating sanitation infrastructure and public services that work for everyone, including poor people, and that keep waste out of the environment is a major challenge. The toilets, sewers, and wastewater treatment systems used in the developed world require vast amounts of land, energy, and water--and they are expensive to build and maintain. Existing alternatives that are less expensive are often unappealing because of impractical designs or because they retain odors and attract insects.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] Accordingly, there is a need for a toilet that is self-contained, does not require water, is cheap, and produces its own energy without the need for external power. The present invention fulfills this need by providing a portable, self-contained waterless toilet. The toilet according to the present invention does not require an external power source. All liquid waste deposited into the toilet is distilled, filtered and the water is recycled. The solid waste is compacted as a result of the de-watering process and can be removed from the unit and the remaining solid bio-fuel may be used as fertilizer, burned or used in some other way.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a portable, self-contained waterless toilet includes housing means for providing protection from environmental elements to components of the toilet and to human users of the toilet. Waste collection means are located within the housing means for collecting human waste from a user. Means for separating the human waste collected in the collection means into liquid and solid waste are also provided. In addition the toilet includes means for capturing the separated liquid, means for filtering remaining impurities from the separated liquid, and means for storing the separated, filtered liquid. Finally means for removal of the separated solid waste are also provided.

[0006] According to a further aspect of the invention, the toilet may also include means for controlling the separating means, capturing means, filtering means, storing means and removal means and for initiating the various functions of the toilet. The controlling means may include a smart system controlled by a programmable logic controller. Means for providing power to the waste collection means, separating means, capturing means, filtering means, storing means, removal means and controlling means of the toilet are also provided according to the invention, as well as means for remote monitoring and control of the controlling means. The power means may include one or more batteries electrically connected to and charged by a solar panel array located on the housing. The remote monitoring and control means may include a wireless internet emitter and receiver antenna located on the housing means of the toilet.

[0007] According to another aspect of the present invention, the waste collection means comprises a toilet receptacle having a first opening for receiving human waste directly from a user, and a collection hopper having an opening therein. The collection hopper is moveably positioned such that, in a first position, the opening therein is positioned proximal to a second, outlet opening in the toilet receptacle. Means for transferring said collection hopper between the first position and a second position proximal to the separating means may also be provided according to this aspect of the invention. The transferring means may include one or more pneumatic cylinders positioned adjacent said collection hopper. The transferring means may further include a turntable positioned beneath the collection hopper. The turntable is configured to rotate about a central axis thereof to move the collection hopper from the first position to a third, intermediary position. A second collection hopper may be movably positioned on said turntable opposite said collection hopper such that, when said collection hopper is in the first position, said second collection hopper is in the third, intermediary position.

[0008] Yet a further aspect of the present invention is the configuration of the collection hopper. According to this aspect of the invention, the collection hopper includes a partition wall therein separating a first mixed waste content chamber from a second, liquid content chamber. The partition wall includes a mesh region proximal to a lower edge thereof to permit fluid movement between said first and second chambers. A mesh bio-collection basket may also be removably positioned in the first mixed waste content chamber of the collection hopper. A plurality of support blocks are positioned on a corresponding plurality of inner walls of the first mixed waste content chamber and on said partition wall above said mesh region to support the mesh bio-collection basket.

[0009] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the waste collection means may include a urine only toilet having a bowl and an opening therein, and a urine holding tank connected to said urine only toilet by tubing. The urine holding tank may further consist of a urine day holding tank connected to the urine only toilet by said tubing, and a urine bulk holding tank connected to said urine day holding tank. Sensors are located within the urine day holding tank for sensing the level of urine therein. A pump located within the urine day holding tank and connected by tubing to the urine bulk holding tank may be provided for pumping urine from the day holding tank to the bulk holding tank.

[0010] According to a further aspect of the present invention, the separating means comprises a burner upon which said collection hopper may be removably positioned. A hopper cover is also provided that may be removably positioned atop the collection hopper when it is positioned atop the burner. A urine inlet pipe having a first end located in the hopper cover and a second end located in the urine bulk holding tank may also be provided. A pump located in the bulk urine holding tank may be actuated by the controlling means to pump urine from the bulk holding tank to the collection hopper positioned above the burner. The separating means may further include one or more steam outlet pipes, each having a first end located in the hopper cover. Each of the one or more steam outlet pipes includes a valve therein that may be opened or closed by the controlling means. The separating means may also include one or more air inlet pipes located in the hopper cover. Each of the one or more air inlet pipes also includes a valve therein that may be opened or closed by said controlling means.

[0011] The capturing means of the present invention may include a steam condensate storage chamber connected to a second end of each of said one or more steam outlet pipes. The filtering means according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes one or more filters having an input connected to the stem condensate storage chamber. The storing means may include a distilled water storage tank connected to an output of said one or more filters. The removal means may be in the form of a hopper access door located in the toilet housing proximal to the burner for removal of a collection hopper after removal and collection of liquid therefrom.

[0012] According to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the transferring means comprises a single arm rotary actuator capable of rotation about a central rotary pivot point allowing for movement thereof on an X axis and a Y axis. An electrical motor may be connected to the single arm rotary actuator for imparting motion thereto. The collection hopper according to this embodiment may include a partition wall therein separating a first mixed waste content chamber from a second, liquid content chamber. The partition wall may include a mesh region proximal to a lower edge thereof to permit fluid movement between said first and second chambers. A bottom surface of the first mixed waste content chamber is sloped downwardly toward the partition wall and the second liquid content chamber.

[0013] Yet a further aspect of the invention provides a heat exchanger connected to said one or more air inlet pipes to pre-heat the incoming drying air. An in-tank electrical heating element may further be positioned within the collection hopper such that it is submerged in the liquid contained therein to provide additional distillation.

[0014] These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent with reference to the text and the drawings of this application.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] FIG. 1 is a side view in elevation of a waterless hygienic toilet according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the waterless hygienic toilet shown in FIG. 1.

[0017] FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of the waterless hygienic toilet shown in FIG. 1.

[0018] FIG. 4 is a side view in elevation of a waterless hygienic toilet according to an alternative preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the waterless hygienic toilet shown in FIG. 4.

[0020] FIG. 6 is a side sectional view of the waterless hygienic toilet shown in FIG. 4.

[0021] FIG. 7 is a top cutaway view of the waterless hygienic toilet shown in FIG. 1.

[0022] FIG. 8 is a side cutaway view of the waterless hygienic toilet shown in FIG. 1.

[0023] FIG. 9 is a side cutaway view of the waterless hygienic toilet shown in FIG. 1, with the toilet shown in the flush mode.

[0024] FIG. 10 is a side cutaway view of the waterless hygienic toilet shown in FIG. 1, shown with the hopper lid raised.

[0025] FIG. 11 is a top cutaway view of the waterless hygienic toilet shown in FIG. 1, shown with the hopper in the burn chamber.

[0026] FIG. 12 is a side cutaway view of the waterless hygienic toilet shown in FIG. 1, shown with the hopper in the burn chamber.

[0027] FIG. 13, is a side cutaway view of the waterless hygienic toilet shown in FIG. 12, shown with the hopper in the burn chamber and the hopper lid closed.

[0028] FIG. 14 is a top plan view of a waste collection hopper used in conjunction with the waterless hygienic toilet of FIGS. 1-6, according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] FIG. 15 is a rear plan view of the collection hopper shown in FIG. 14.

[0030] FIG. 16 is a side plan view of the collection hopper shown in FIG. 14.

[0031] FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the collection hopper shown in FIG. 15 taken along the line "17".

[0032] FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the collection hopper shown in FIG. 16 taken along the line "18".

[0033] FIG. 19 is a rear cutaway view of the collection hopper shown in FIG. 14, shown here with the hopper lid in the closed position.

[0034] FIG. 20 is a side view in elevation of a waterless hygienic toilet according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] FIG. 21 is a top plan view of the waterless hygienic toilet shown in FIG. 20.

[0036] FIG. 22 is an isometric view of the waterless hygienic toilet shown in FIG. 20.

[0037] FIG. 23 is a side elevation view of an alternate rotary waste transfer and processing system that is utilized in the alternate preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 20.

[0038] FIG. 24 is a top plan view of the alternate rotary waste transfer and processing system shown in FIG. 23.

[0039] FIG. 25 is an isometric view of the alternate rotary waste transfer and processing system shown in FIG. 23.

[0040] FIG. 26 is a side elevation view of an alternate hopper design that is utilized with the alternate rotary waste transfer and processing systems shown in FIG. 23.

[0041] FIG. 27 is an overall process schematic for the alternate rotary waste transfer and processing system that is shown in FIGS. 23-25.

PARTS LIST

[0042] 10 waterless hygienic toilet

[0043] 12 housing

[0044] 14 toilet chamber door

[0045] 16 control and battery access door

[0046] 18 compressor and storage tank access door

[0047] 20 burner chamber access door

[0048] 22 water storage and condensation chamber access door

[0049] 24 solar panel array

[0050] 26 wireless internet emitter and receiver antenna

[0051] 28 exhaust piping

[0052] 30 semi-transparent toilet chamber skylight

[0053] 32 toilet chamber exhaust fan

[0054] 34 burn chamber exhaust fan

[0055] 36 main unit control panel

[0056] 38 solar powered batteries

[0057] 40 air compressor

[0058] 42 compressed air storage tanks

[0059] 44 pneumatic control devices

[0060] 46 burner chamber

[0061] 48 burner controls

[0062] 50 distilled water storage tank

[0063] 52 distilled water condensation chamber and filtration

[0064] 54 toilet chamber

[0065] 56 mixed content toilet

[0066] 58 urine only toilet

[0067] 60 urine day holding tank

[0068] 62 urine bulk holding tank

[0069] 64 collection hopper

[0070] 66 turntable

[0071] 68 pneumatic cylinders

[0072] 70 burner

[0073] 72 pneumatic cylinders

[0074] 74 hopper cover

[0075] 76 pneumatic cylinder

[0076] 78 steam condensate storage chamber

[0077] 80 secondary filtration

[0078] 82 hopper access door

[0079] 84 flush component

[0080] 86 mixed content chamber

[0081] 88 urine content chamber

[0082] 90 cylinder push/pull movement blocks

[0083] 92 mesh basket support blocks

[0084] 94 mesh basket

[0085] 96 partition wall

[0086] 98 mesh opening

[0087] 101 hopper cover seal

[0088] 102 steam outlet pipe

[0089] 103 steam outlet pipe

[0090] 104 air inlet pipe

[0091] 105 air inlet pipe

[0092] 106 urine inlet pipe

[0093] 110 waterless hygienic toilet

[0094] 112 housing

[0095] 114 toilet chamber door

[0096] 116 control and battery access door

[0097] 118 compressor and storage tank access door

[0098] 120 burner chamber access door

[0099] 122 water storage and condensation chamber access door

[0100] 124 solar panel array

[0101] 126 wireless internet emitter and receiver antenna

[0102] 128 exhaust piping

[0103] 130 semi-transparent toilet chamber skylight

[0104] 132 toilet chamber exhaust fan

[0105] 134 burn chamber exhaust fan

[0106] 136 main unit control panel

[0107] 138 solar powered batteries

[0108] 140 air compressor

[0109] 142 compressed air storage tanks

[0110] 144 pneumatic control devices

[0111] 146 heat chamber

[0112] 150 distilled water storage tank

[0113] 152 distilled water condensation chamber and filtration

[0114] 156 rotary solid and liquid waste collection and dumping mechanism

[0115] 158 heat exchanger for thermal transfer from steam to drying air and urine from bulk urine tank

[0116] 160 rotating cover for hopper in filling position

[0117] 162 slanted bottom on solid hopper side

[0118] 164 in tank electrical heating elements for liquid distillation

[0119] 166 in tank high and low liquid level sensors

[0120] 168 hopper external tank electrical heating elements

[0121] 170 air inlet from heat exchanger

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0122] FIGS. 1-3 illustrate a waterless hygienic toilet 10 according to one presently preferred embodiment of the invention. According to the presently preferred embodiment, the waterless hygienic toilet 10 includes a housing 12 having a toilet chamber door 14 for providing access to an enclosed toilet chamber by a user. Various control components of the toilet are provided along one side thereof. A control and battery access door 16 is provided to access a control panel and batteries located therein. A compressor and storage tank access door 18 is provided for gaining access to those components of the toilet 10. A burner tank access door 20 is provided for permitting access to burner components. Finally, a water storage and condensation chamber access door 22 is provided to permit access to those components.

[0123] Power for the various components of the toilet 10 is provided by an array of solar panels 24 positioned on the top of the toilet 10. The solar panel array 24 is the primary power unit for all systems, electric and pneumatic controls for the toilet 10. A wireless internet emitter and receiver antenna 26 is also provided to allow remote monitoring and control of the various components of the toilet 10. Utilizing the presently preferred technology, signals can be sent to and received from the toilet via the wireless internet emitter and receiver antenna 26 at a range of up to thirty (30) miles. Exhaust piping 28 is also provided in the top of the toilet cabinet 12 for venting fumes, hot air and the like from the various internal components of the toilet 10.

[0124] Ambient lighting is provided to the toilet chamber by way of a semi-transparent window 30, which is preferably located in the top of the toilet cabinet 12. An exhaust fan 32 may also be positioned in the top of the toilet cabinet in or adjacent to the window 30 for providing ventilation to the toilet chamber. Similarly, an exhaust fan 34 may also be provided, preferably in the top of the toilet cabinet 12 for providing ventilation to the other various working components of the toilet 10.

[0125] A main control panel 36 is located in the toilet cabinet behind the control and battery access door 16. The main control panel 36 is a smart system controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC) that can collect data and report to a remote control station via wireless internet connection through the wireless internet emitter and receiver antenna 26. The control panel 36 is used to initiate the various functions of the toilet 10. A number of batteries 38 are also provided to power the controller and various electrical and pneumatic components of the toilet 10. The batteries are electrically connected to and charged by the solar panel array 24.

[0126] An air compressor 40 may be electrically connected to the batteries and activated to provide compressed air to one or more compressed air storage tanks 42. The air from the storage tanks 42 is used to actuate the various pneumatic cylinders within the toilet 10. Space for additional pneumatic control devices 44 is also provided in the toilet cabinet 12 behind the compressor and storage tank access door 18.

[0127] A compressed gas tank 46 is provided in the toilet cabinet 12 behind the burner tank access door 20. The compressed gas tank 46 preferably contains a small amount of propane (LP) or natural gas (NG) for use in heating the waste material in the burner chamber. Burner controls and metering devices 48 are also located in the cabinet 12 behind the access door 20.

[0128] The waterless hygienic toilet 10 also has a distilled water storage tank 50 located in the housing 12 thereof behind the water storage and condensation chamber access door 22. Also located behind the access door is a distilled water condensation chamber and filters 52.

[0129] An alternative preferred embodiment of the waterless hygienic toilet 10 is shown in FIGS. 4-6. This embodiment is similar in most respects to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3, wherein like reference numeral indicate like components (i.e. 14, 114 both indicate the toilet chamber door). Accordingly, only those aspect of this embodiment that differ from those of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3 will be discussed here.

[0130] The primary difference between the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4-6 and the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3 is that the use of LP or natural gas to heat the burner chamber has been eliminated. In its place, a resistance heating coil is provided for heating the contents of the waste hopper. A resistance coil pneumatic cylinder may also be provided to move the heating coil into contact with a bottom surface of the hopper for heating. Naturally, the use of a resistance heating coil instead of gas heating will increase the electrical demands on the system. Accordingly, additional solar panels may need to be provided in the solar panel array 124 in order to meet the increased power demand. In addition, the locations of the exhaust piping 128 and burn chamber exhaust fan 134 are relocated to accommodate the additional solar panels.

[0131] The inner workings of the waterless hygienic toilet 10, and the sequence of operation are best shown in FIGS. 7-13. At the front of the toilet housing 12, behind the toilet chamber door 14, is the toilet chamber 54. Located within the toilet chamber is a mixed content toilet 56 and a urine only toilet 58. The urine only toilet 58 is connected via tubing, piping and/or an opening in the bowl thereof, to a urine day holding tank 60. Due to its limited size, the urine day holding tank 60 is connected by tubing and a pump to a urine bulk holding tank 62. When a user uses the urine only toilet 58, the urine gravity flows into the urine day holding tank 60. The urine day holding tank 60 is provided with level sensors that activate the pump when the urine day holding tank 60 is full, thereby pumping the urine into the urine bulk holding tank 62.

[0132] The mixed content toilet 56 empties into a collection hopper 64. As best shown in FIG. 7, a pair of collection hoppers 64 are positioned on a rotating turntable 66. When sensors indicate that the hopper nearest the mixed content toilet 56 is full, the turntable 66 rotates to provide an empty hopper 64 for the mixed content toilet 56 and to position the full hopper 64 for entry into the burner chamber. Pneumatic cylinders 68 are positioned on each side of each hopper 64. The end of each pneumatic cylinder engages a push/pull movement block 90 on the side of the hopper 64. Activation of the pneumatic cylinders 68 on the hopper adjacent the burner chamber causes the hopper to slide from the turntable 66 into the burner chamber atop the burner 70. Once the burn process is completed, the hopper can be returned to the turntable by pneumatic cylinders 72 located in the burn chamber along the sides of the hopper. Also, as best shown in FIG. 8, a pair of hopper covers 74 are provided for covering the hopper in the position adjacent the mixed content toilet 56 and in the burner chamber. The hopper covers are raised from and lowered onto the hoppers via pneumatic cylinders 76, respectively.

[0133] As best shown in FIG. 9, after a user uses the mixed content toilet 56, a flush sequence is activated by the user closing the lid on the toilet. The flush sequence activates pneumatic cylinder 74 thereby lifting the hopper cover 74 from the hopper 64 that is located adjacent the mixed content toilet 56. A valve is also opened between the mixed content toilet and the hopper 64 allowing the mixed content to gravity flow into the hopper 64. After the flush cycle is complete, the hopper cover 74 is again lowered onto the hopper 64 via pneumatic cylinder.

[0134] When level sensors in the hopper 64 determine that it is full, the burn cycle is initiated. First, the pneumatic cylinder 76 raises the hopper lid 74. Then the turntable 66 is indexed, moving the full hopper to the position adjacent the burner and the empty hopper adjacent the mixed content toilet 56. Once the full hopper 64 has been indexed to the position adjacent the burner, sensors assess the total weight of the collection hopper and its contents. This information is then sent to the PLC to calculate the burn parameters for the mixed content. After the hopper is weighed, pneumatic cylinders 68, with ends engaging the push/pull movement blocks 90 on the hopper, extend to push the hopper 64 into the burn chamber above the burner 70. The hopper cover 74 is then lowered onto the hopper to seal the contents therein, effectively turning the collection hopper into a pressure cooker for content de-water, distillation and bio-fuel creation. The burner 70, fed by LP or NG from the compressed gas storage tank 46 is then ignited. The burner 70 heats the contents of the hopper to remove moisture, perform water distillation, and de-water the bio-fuel. The burner fire is controlled by the PLC with calculations based upon the previously collected hopper weight as well as readings from steam output pressure sensors.

[0135] When the pressure and temperature inside the hopper 64 reach the predetermined programmed level, the PLC will open valves allowing water vapor to exit the hopper through steam outlet pipes 102, 103. The steam condensate is then transferred via tubing or pipes to the steam condensate storage chamber 78, where it is stored for secondary filtration. The piping between the steam outlet pipes 102, 103 and the steam condensate storage chamber 78 may preferably be routed in close proximity to the urine bulk holding tank 62 effecting thermal transfer from the piping to the urine bulk holding tank thereby raising the temperature of the stored urine prior to its introduction into the burn cycle. The PLC then actuates a pump to transfer the pre-heated urine from the urine bulk holding tank 62 to the collection hopper 64 via a urine inlet pipe 106 in the hopper cover 74. The heating process is repeated until distillation of all liquid in the hopper is completed. The PLC then opens valves in the air inlet pipes 104, 105 thereby converting the collection hopper 74 into a convection heat oven for final bio-fuel dewatering. This cycle continues until the PLC parameters based upon pressure sensors, tank capacity, sensors, etc. dictate the end of the distillation cycle. Based upon the previous weight calculations, the PLC continues the convection de-water burn cycle for a set period and then ends the burn cycle.

[0136] After the burn cycle is complete, the secondary filtration cycle is activated by the PLC at regular intervals for final water purification. During the secondary filtration cycle, water stored in the steam condensate storage chamber 78 is pumped through secondary filters 80, and then is pumped into the distilled water storage tank 50. The remaining solid bio-fuel may then be removed via hopper access door 82. The empty hopper 74 is then re-inserted into the burner chamber, the PLC senses an empty hopper and activates pneumatic cylinders 72 to return the hopper 64 to the turntable 66.

[0137] As best shown in FIGS. 14-18, the collection hopper 64 includes two chambers: a mixed content chamber 86 and a urine content chamber 88. A plurality of support blocks 92 are positioned on the inner walls of the mixed content chamber 86 to support a mesh bio-collection basket 94, which may be inserted into and removed from the mixed content chamber 86 of the collection hopper 64. The mesh basket allows for initial solid and liquid separation. A partition wall 96 is located between the two chambers. A mesh region 98 at or near the bottom of the partition wall allows fluid movement between the two chambers.

[0138] In operation, mixed content waste is added to the mixed content chamber 86 during use of the mixed content toilet 56. Gravity, and the mesh material of the basket 94, in conjunction with the mesh region 98 of the wall partition provide initial filtration, effectively separating solid and liquid waste. Buoyancy laws level the contents of both chambers. The user initiates a unit flush sequence by closing the toilet lid, which causes the controller to lower the hopper cover 74. When sensors in the collection hopper 64 indicate it is full, the burn cycle, which is discussed below, is initiated.

[0139] Similarly, when a user uses the urine only toilet 58, urine gravity flows into the urine day holding tank 60. When level sensors in the urine day holding tank 60 indicated that it is full, the controller initiates a pump cycle to pump urine from the day holding tank 60 to the urine bulk holding tank 62.

[0140] Upon initiation of the burn cycle, the controller causes the hopper cover 74 to be retracted and the collection hopper 64 is transferred to the burn chamber via turntable 66 and pneumatic cylinders 68 as described above. Prior to being transferred from the turntable 66 to the burner 70, the total weight of the contents of the collection hopper 64 is determined via sensors and that information is sent to the PLC controller, which computes the parameters for the burn cycle based on programming and the weight of the contents. Once the hopper is positioned on the burner 70, the lid 74 is lowered and the burner is either ignited (gas), or, in the case of an electric resistance heating coil, the controller actuates a cylinder and raises the resistance heating coil to contact the bottom of the hopper. The flame, or the resistance heating coil is controlled by the PLC with calculations based upon previously collected collection hopper weight and steam output pressure sensors. While in the burn cycle, the collection hopper essentially becomes a pressure cooker for content de-water, distillation and bio-fuel creation. When pressure and temperature reach programmed levels, the PLC will open valves in the steam outlet pipes 102, 103 allowing steam to escape the hopper into the steam condensate storage chamber 78. The steam piping is routed for thermal transfer from piping to the bulk urine tank 62 raising the temperature of the urine stored therein.

[0141] The PLC then actuates a pump to transfer pre-heated urine from the bulk storage tank 62 to the collection hopper 64 during the burn cycle to continue distillation. Once the distillation process is complete, the PLC opens valves in air inlet pipes 104, 105 converting the hopper to a convection heat oven for final bio-solid dewatering. This cycle continues until the PLC parameters based on pressure sensors, tank capacity, sensors, etc. dictate the end of the burn cycle.

[0142] The PLC then actuates a secondary filtration cycle at regular intervals for final purification level of water. After being filtered through secondary filters 52, the water is then pumped to the distilled water storage tank 50. The remaining solid bio-fuel may then be manually removed from the back of the unit via hopper access door 82 and the empty hopper placed back on the burner. Pneumatic cylinders 72 next to the burner then return the hopper 64 to the turntable 66 where it awaits indexing for further use.

[0143] An alternative preferred embodiment of the waterless hygienic toilet 10 is shown in FIGS. 20-27. This embodiment is similar in most respects to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-19, wherein like reference numerals indicate like components. Accordingly, only those aspect of this embodiment that differ from those of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-19 will be discussed here.

[0144] The primary differences between the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-19 and the embodiment shown in FIGS. 20-27 is that the use and addition of high corrosive resistant electric heating elements to the interior of the urine distillation chamber for additional heating and improved thermal transfer efficiency. These electric heating elements are shown best in FIG. 26 and are in addition to the external heating elements that are detailed in FIG. 19. Additionally, an alternate shape of the hopper 156 is provided to include a grade slope of the bottom side of the hopper solids side bottom side of the hopper to increase flow of natural liquid drained from the solids basket to the liquid distillation chamber that differs from the hopper design detailed in FIG. 19 and is shown in FIG. 26.

[0145] Naturally, the use of a resistance heating coil instead of gas heating will increase the electrical demands on the system. Accordingly, additional solar panels may need to be provided in the solar panel array 124 in order to meet the increased power demand. In lieu of additional solar panels, alternative electrical supply such as main line power or generator may be inclusively substituted to provide the additional electrical power demand. In addition, the locations of the exhaust piping 128 and burn chamber exhaust fan 134 are relocated to accommodate the additional solar panels. The exterior doors have been eliminated in the alternative embodiment and the unit may now be contained in a conventional twenty (20) foot shipping container. These embodiment variations are detailed in FIGS. 20-27 in accordance to variations from FIGS. 1-19.

[0146] This additional embodiment also contains a variation of transfer of solid and liquid waste from the user toilet to the hopper holding tank. The embodiment utilizes a single arm rotary device with inclusive flush nozzle to transfer solid and liquid waste from the user toilet to the hopper. This rotary actuator 156 is used in the place of the rotary turn table 66 used in FIGS. 4-6 and is detailed in FIGS. 23-25. This embodiment variation allows for movement of the rotary arm on an "X" and "Y" axis and is capable of rotation based upon the central rotary pivot point. Additionally, this alternate embodiment 156 utilizes all electrical motor actuation controls and eliminates the need for air actuated devices and an air compressor supply for the embodiment, eliminating the need for these component parts as detailed in FIGS. 4-6. This embodiment will consist of two hoppers, based on fixed position shown in FIGS. 23-25. The embodiment hoppers are fixed upon an actuation device that allows for a shift in position for one hopper to be in a fill position and the alternate hopper to be in a filling position, allowing the embodiment rotary actuation device 156 to access the available filling hopper in each alternate fill position.

[0147] As best shown in FIG. 26, the alternate embodiment also contains additional inlet air piping 170 to the hopper solid area containment chamber. The additional inlet piping 170 is to facilitate an additional air inlet flow during the distillation process. The intention of this additional air flow inlet 170 is to utilize heated air to be passed through the solid basket 94 containment during the distillation process. The embodiment utilizes a heat exchanger 158 to pre-heat the incoming drying air by passing the distillation steam through the heat exchanger past the incoming inlet drying air. This will allow the incoming air to be heated for the purpose of additional solid drying during the distillation process. These embodiment alternatives can be detailed in their entirety in the schematic shown in FIG. 27. Additionally, the embodiment utilizes an alternate heat exchanger 158 to heat incoming liquid to be added to the distillation chamber during the distillation cycle. This embodiment additional heat exchanger will utilize the steam condensate to heat urine being pumped into the distillation process. This embodiment alternative is detailed in intent in the schematic shown in FIG. 27.

[0148] The foregoing is provided for purposes of illustrating, explaining, and describing embodiments of the present invention. The specific components and order of the steps listed above, while preferred is not necessarily required. Further modifications and adaptation to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art and may be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A portable, self-contained waterless toilet comprising: housing means for providing protection from environmental elements to components of the toilet and to human users of the toilet; waste collection means located within said housing means for collecting human waste from a user; means for separating said human waste collected in said collection means into liquid and solid waste; means for capturing said separated liquid; means for filtering remaining impurities from said separated liquid; means for storing said separated, filtered liquid; and means for removal of said separated solid waste.

2. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 1, further comprising means for controlling the separating means, capturing means, filtering means, storing means and removal means and for initiating the various functions of the toilet.

3. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 2, further comprising means for providing power to the waste collection means, separating means, capturing means, filtering means, storing means, removal means and controlling means of the toilet.

4. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 3, further comprising means for remote monitoring and control of the controlling means.

5. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 3, wherein the remote monitoring and control means comprises a wireless internet emitter and receiver antenna located on the housing means of the toilet.

6. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 5, wherein the controlling means comprises a smart system controlled by a programmable logic controller.

7. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 3, wherein the power means comprises one or more batteries electrically connected to and charged by a solar panel array located on said housing means.

8. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 2, wherein said waste collection means comprises: a toilet receptacle having a first opening for receiving human waste directly from a user; a collection hopper having an opening therein, said collection hopper being moveably positioned such that, in a first position, the opening therein is positioned proximal to a second, outlet opening in said toilet receptacle.

9. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 8, further comprising means for transferring said collection hopper between said first position and a second position proximal to said separating means.

10. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 9, wherein said transferring means comprises one or more pneumatic cylinders positioned adjacent said collection hopper.

11. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 10, wherein said transferring means further comprises a turntable positioned beneath the collection hopper, said turntable configured to rotate about a central axis thereof to move said collection hopper from said first position to a third, intermediary position.

12. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 11, further comprising a second collection hopper movably positioned on said turntable opposite said collection hopper such that, when said collection hopper is in the first position, said second collection hopper is in the third, intermediary position.

13. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 8, wherein said collection hopper includes a partition wall therein separating a first mixed waste content chamber from a second, liquid content chamber.

14. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 13, wherein said partition wall includes a mesh region proximal to a lower edge thereof to permit fluid movement between said first and second chambers.

15. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 14, further comprising a mesh bio-collection basket removably positioned in the first mixed waste content chamber of the collection hopper.

16. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 15, further comprising a plurality of support blocks positioned on a corresponding plurality of inner walls of the first mixed waste content chamber and on said partition wall above said mesh region.

17. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 8, wherein the waste collection means further comprises: a urine only toilet having a bowl and an opening therein; and a urine holding tank connected to said urine only toilet by tubing.

18. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 17, wherein said urine holding tank further comprises: a urine day holding tank connected to said urine only toilet by said tubing; a urine bulk holding tank connected to said urine day holding tank; sensors located within the urine day holding tank for sensing the level of urine therein; and a pump located within the urine day holding tank and connected by tubing to the urine bulk holding tank for pumping urine from the day holding tank to the bulk holding tank.

19. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 18, wherein the separating means comprises: a burner upon which said collection hopper may be removably positioned; and a hopper cover that may be removably positioned atop the collection hopper when it is positioned atop the burner.

20. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 19, further comprising a urine inlet pipe having a first end located in the hopper cover and a second end located in the urine bulk holding tank, and a pump located in the bulk urine holding tank that may be actuated by said controlling means to pump urine from said bulk holding tank to said collection hopper positioned above the burner.

21. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 8, wherein the separating means comprises: a burner upon which said collection hopper may be removably positioned; and a hopper cover that may be removably positioned atop the collection hopper when it is positioned atop the burner.

22. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 21, wherein the separating means further comprises one or more steam outlet pipes, each having a first end located in the hopper cover, each of said one or more steam outlet pipes having a valve therein that may be opened or closed by said controlling means.

23. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 22, wherein the separating means further comprises one or more air inlet pipes located in the hopper cover, each of said one or more air inlet pipes having a valve therein that may be opened or closed by said controlling means.

24. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 22, wherein said capturing means comprises a steam condensate storage chamber connected to a second end of each of said one or more steam outlet pipes.

25. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 24, wherein said filtering means comprises one or more filters having an input connected to said stem condensate storage chamber, and said storing means comprises a distilled water storage tank connected to an output of said one or more filters.

26. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 25, wherein said removal means comprises a hopper access door located in said housing means proximal to said burner for removal of a collection hopper after removal and collection of liquid therefrom.

27. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 9, wherein said transferring means comprises a single arm rotary actuator capable of rotation about a central rotary pivot point allowing for movement thereof on an X axis and a Y axis.

28. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 27, further comprising an electrical motor connected to said single arm rotary actuator for imparting motion thereto.

29. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 28, wherein said collection hopper includes a partition wall therein separating a first mixed waste content chamber from a second, liquid content chamber.

30. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 29, wherein said partition wall includes a mesh region proximal to a lower edge thereof to permit fluid movement between said first and second chambers.

31. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 30, wherein a bottom surface of said first mixed waste content chamber is sloped downwardly toward said partition wall and said second liquid content chamber.

32. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 23, further comprising a heat exchanger connected to said one or more air inlet pipes to pre-heat the incoming drying air.

33. The portable, self-contained waterless toilet according to claim 21, further comprising an in-tank electrical heating element positioned within said collection hopper such that it is submerged in the liquid contained therein.

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