Patent application title: Artificial Tsunami
Inventors:
Ching-Min Huang (Tainan City, TW)
IPC8 Class: AF42B2100FI
USPC Class:
102390
Class name: Ammunition and explosives drop bombs marine type
Publication date: 2012-06-21
Patent application number: 20120152143
Abstract:
An artificial tsunami is a new type of beaching tactic capable of
achieving the military goal with almost no losses among the invading
forces.Claims:
1. The said artificial tsunami complies with the law of conservation of
energy in Physics and its expression is ΔU+ΔK=0 After the
undersea explosion, the bombers integrate the explosive kinetic energy
and the drainage potential energy. They explode into a sphere in waveform
and scatter in all directions; therefore, the energy for the drainage
upward is just half of the explosive kinetic energy, and the theoretical
formula can be expressed as: i = 1 n m i g ( ψ )
h i - 1 2 K ( TNT ) = 0 ##EQU00001## Because sea
water is an incompressible fluid, its explosive kinetic energy can be
directly transformed into drainage potential energy. However, the
consumption system of explosive energy φ(d) must be considered as
well; therefore, the proper reduction coefficient of the explosive
kinetic energy, as well as the situation of there being more depth of
water d and more reduction of energy must be taken into consideration. On
calculating its actual effect on the explosive energy of sea water, the
conservation mode of the modified energy can be obtained as: Φ
( d ) K ( TNT ) = 2 g ( ψ ) i = 1 n m
i h i ##EQU00002## The explosion of the bombs under the sea
leads to a rise in sea level. The lateral plane of the rise is close to
the scattering of the Gaussian distribution; so, it is assumed that the
rise complies with the bell curve of the Gaussian distribution in
Statistics. According to the measured data of the bomb explosion, or the
data analyzed from computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the standard
deviation in the density function of definitive probability, as well as
the actual state of explosion, is derived. At the same time,
consideration should also be given to the situation that the standard
deviation increases along with the depth of the sea, i.e. ω(d) is
the explosive waveform factor of a bomb. When selecting modified
probability density function f(x), and taking expected value μ=0 as
the zero point of the bomb, as well as the measured or simulated standard
deviation ω(d) and its amplified coefficient X, substituting the
modified energy conservation formula will obtain the derivative formula:
y = f ( x ) = 1 ω ( d ) 2 π
- x 2 2 ( ω ( d ) ) 2 -> x 2
= - 2 ( ω ( d ) ) 2 ln ( ω ( d )
2 π y ) ##EQU00003## X = h T f ( 0
) = h T 1 ω ( d ) 2 π = h T
ω ( d ) 2 π ##EQU00003.2## Φ ( d
) K ( TNT ) = 2 ρ g ( ψ )
∫ 0 1 ω ( d ) 2 π [ ( π
x 2 ) yX 3 ] y = 2 ρ g (
ψ ) ∫ 0 1 ω ( d ) 2 π {
π [ - 2 ( ω ( d ) ) 2 ln ( ω
( d ) 2 π y ) ] y ( h T ω (
d ) 2 π ) 3 } y y = 2
π 3 2 ρ g ( ψ ) ( h T ω (
d ) ) 3 ##EQU00003.3## The above formula is expressed as
K(TNT) to obtain the theoretical standard expression, which is: K (
TNT ) = 2 π 3 2 ρ g ( ψ ) ( h
T ω ( d ) ) 3 Φ ( d ) ##EQU00004## On the
premise of ignoring the deviation of sea water density ρ and
acceleration of gravity g(ψ), the constants of ρ and g(ψ) are
substituted into the above formula to deduce the result, which is taken
as the definition of the artificial tsunami created by a bomb. The
artificial tsunami design formula is: K ( TNT ) = 79156 (
h T ω ( d ) ) 3 Φ ( d ) ##EQU00005## By
redefining the above constant with CT=79156, the following
artificial tsunami design formula is obtained: K ( TNT ) = C T
( h T ω ( d ) ) 3 Φ ( d )
##EQU00006## Because a different explosion waveform ω(d) leads to
a different sea water transmission attenuation rate
βT(ω(d),D), which is the function of explosion waveform
ω(d), the distance between the coordinate points of the air-dropped
bomb and the beaching destination is D; this is also a factor that
influences sea water transmission attenuation rate
βT(ω(d),D). So, the design height of the beaching
destination is hg, which is related to the maximum rise of tsunami
design hT, and takes into consideration factor of safety
(F.S.)T. The standard expression is: h T = ( F . S . ) T
h g β T ( ω ( d ) , D ) ##EQU00007##
After the bomb explodes under the sea, sea water capacity V led by the
rising sea level is: V = ∫ 0 1 ω ( d ) 2
π [ ( π x 2 ) X 3 ] y =
∫ 0 1 ω ( d ) 2 π { π [
- 2 ( ω ( d ) ) 2 ln ( ω ( d )
2 π y ) ] ( h T ω ( d ) 2 π
) 3 } y = 4 π 2 h T 3 ( ω
( d ) ) 4 ##EQU00008## In considering the actual effect of
the sea water capacity of the artificial tsunami on the beaching
destination, and in order to display the sea water capacity of the radial
pattern of a fan-shaped region, the coordinate points of an air-dropped
bomb on the sea and the maximum breadth of the beaching destination form
an angle α; in considering the effect of sea water transmission
attenuation rate βT(ω(d),D) on the sea water capacity,
the standard expression of the actual sea water capacity for beach
destination Ve can be expressed as: V e = 4 π 2
h T 3 ( ω ( d ) ) 4 α 2 π (
β T ( ω ( d ) , D ) ) 3 = 2
πα ( h T β T ( ω ( d ) , D )
) 3 ( ω ( d ) ) 4 ##EQU00009## In considering
the factor of safety and sea water capacity Vr meeting the demand of
overflowing the beaching destination, the standard expression is:
Ve=2.pi.α(hTβT(ω(d),D))3(ω(d))-
.sup.4.gtoreq.Vr((F.S.)T)3 When considering airdropping a
bomb group, as individual bombs explode under the sea they influence each
other, which may lead to the sea water capacity of the artificial tsunami
failing to meet the original value. Therefore, it is reasonable to
airdrop two lines of bombs with an equal explosion equivalent TNT at sea
level. The following symbols " " are the airdropping points for the
bombs. The order and the timing for airdropping must be arranged
perfectly so as to achieve the maximum effect of the artificial tsunami.
##STR00001## Considering the mutual influence of the bomb group, which
may lead to the "bomb group effect" and result in the artificial tsunami
failing to meet the original value, it is necessary to modify the actual
artificial tsunami sea water capacity Ve. Under the bomb group
effect of an artificial tsunami, the modified coefficient
φe(S,Rb) of the explosive kinetic energy reduction
coefficient φ(d) is related to the distance S and its effective
explosion radius Rb. The explosion of each bomb in the central area
is influenced by the explosions of the two adjacent bombs, while the
explosion of the two side bombs (on the two ends) is only influenced by
the explosion of one, respective, adjacent bomb. Consequently, the
modified coefficient of explosive kinetic energy φe(S,Rb)
for the central area and for the two sides should be calculated according
to the relationship with the neighboring bombs, respectively, and can be
expressed as: Φ e ( S , R b ) = V b , e ( S ,
R b ) V b , 0 ( R b ) ##EQU00010## According to the
explosive kinetic energy from the modified coefficient
φe(S,Rb), the derived artificial tsunami waveform
ω(d) will also be influenced. Consequently, under the bomb group
effect of the artificial tsunami, the modified coefficient
φv(S,R.sub.ω) of sea water capacity Ve is related to
the bomb group distance S and the effective explosion radius
R.sub.ω. The modified coefficient of sea water capacity
φv(S,R.sub.ω) in the central area and on the two sides
uses the same conditions as the modified coefficient of explosive kinetic
energy φe(S,Rb), and should be calculated according to the
relationship of the neighboring bombs: it can be expressed as: Φ v
( S , R ω ) = V ω , e ( S , R ω
) V ω , 0 ( R ω ) ##EQU00011## In considering
the bomb group effect, the theoretical standard expression of the single
bomb explosion energy Ke(TNT) modified by the modified coefficient
of explosive kinetic energy φe(S,Rb), is expressed as: K
e ( TNT ) = 2 π 3 2 ρ g ( ψ )
( h T ω ( d ) ) 3 Φ ( d ) Φ e
( S , R b ) ##EQU00012## where Ke(TNT)) is the single
bomb explosion energy, and (Ke(TNT))n is that of the aggregated
bombs; its theoretical standard expression is: ( K e ( TNT ) )
n = i = 1 n 2 π 3 2 ρ g ( ψ )
( ( h T ) i ω ( d i ) ) 3 Φ i
( d i ) ( Φ e ( S i , ( R b ) i ) ) i
##EQU00013## Sea water density ρ and acceleration of gravity
g(ψ) of the above expression are substituted with their constants and
redefined with CT=79156, and the bomb group artificial tsunami
design expression becomes: ( K e ( TNT ) ) n = i = 1 n
C T ( ( h T ) i ω ( d i ) ) 3
Φ i ( d i ) ( Φ e ( S i , ( R b ) i )
) i ##EQU00014## In consideration of the bomb group effect, the
standard expression of single bomb sea water capacity Ve,e, after
being modified by the modified coefficient of sea water capacity
φv(S,R.sub.ω), factor of safety and sea water capacity
Vr, as well as meeting the demand of overflowing the beaching
destination, is:
Ve,e=2.pi.αφv(S,R.sub.ω)(hTβT(.o-
mega.(d),D))3(ω(d))4>Vr((F.S.)T)3 With
single bomb sea water capacity Ve,e according to the above
expression, having considered sea water capacity (Ve,e)n of the
aggregated bombs, factor of safety and sea water capacity Vr meeting
the demand of overflowing the beaching destination, its standard
expression is: ( V e , e ) n = i = 1 n 2
πα i Φ v ( S i , ( R ω ) i )
( ( h T ) i ( β T ( ω ( d i ) , D i
) ) i ) 3 ( ω ( d i ) ) 4 ≧
V r ( ( F . S . ) T ) 3 ##EQU00015## Reduction
coefficient φ(d) of the explosive kinetic energy and explosion
waveform coefficient ω(d) are functions of the depth of the bombs
in the water, but as the waveform of the functions is not necessarily
linear, it is advisable to get the corresponding curve through actual
measurement or to express its correspondence through multi-expressions.
As for the underwater penetration d of the same bomb, the continuous
increase in the explosion equivalent TNT of the bombs gradually reduces
the value of explosion waveform coefficient (d), i.e. the explosion
waveform gets steeper and steeper. As for the explosion equivalent TNT of
the same bomb, the continuous increase in underwater penetration d
gradually increases the value of explosion waveform coefficient (d), i.e.
the explosion waveform becomes smoother and smoother. However, in
consideration of the fact that the artificial tsunami must be able to
reach the beaching destination, the artificial tsunami should be created
with a higher explosion waveform coefficient ω(d). The artificial
tsunami design formula should consider existing tsunami transmission
theory when evaluating the tsunami transmission attenuation rate,
calculate the maximum rise of tsunami design hT required at the
actual making point of the tsunami according to the design height of
beaching destination hg, and take it as the tsunami design value.
The evaluation of the design height of beaching destination hg from
the tsunami to the beaching destination should be based on the actual
topography, as measured by an artificial satellite or aerial photograph,
in order to calculate the design height of beaching destination hg
where the tsunami can effectively overflow the beaching destination. If a
digital topographic map is established through an artificial satellite
photograph or an aerial photograph to assist in designing the artificial
tsunami, the calculated sea water capacity Vr required to meet the
height for overflowing can be compared to the calculated data obtained
from calculating the projected area. In considering the maximum rise of
tsunami design hT in the artificial tsunami design, the factor of
safety of the original calculated value is derived, which is about
(F.S.)T=1.15.about.1.25. List of Symbols AU Potential energy
difference U). AK Kinetic energy difference U). i The serial of bombs; no
unit. n The quantity of bombs; no unit. i = 1 n m i h i
##EQU00016## The quality of Tsunami portion and the product of
distance from sea level plus total calculation (m3). TNT Explosion
equivalent of the bombs, calculated based on their quality (kg). K(TNT)
The brisance of the bombs is the energy emitted after conversion (1 kg
TNT=4.184.times.10.sup.6 J). Ke(TNT) The brisance of a single bomb
after being modified by the explosive kinetic energy coefficient is the
energy emitted after conversion (1 kg TNT=4.184.times.10.sup.6 J).
(Ke(TNT))n The brisance of a bomb group after being modified by
the explosive kinetic energy coefficient is the energy emitted after
conversion (1 kg TNT=4.184.times.10.sup.6 J). CT The value of the
constant of the artificial tsunami is 79156. D The distance between the
coordinate points of the air-dropped bombs and the beaching destination
(m). d Underwater penetration of the bombs (m). ρ Standard sea water
density of bombs dropped into the ocean is 1025 kg/m.sup.3. (F.S.)T
The factor of safety of the artificial tsunami; no unit.
g(ψ) The standard acceleration of surface gravity is 9.80665 m/s2, the precise expression with the earth latitude ψ WGS84 and ellipsoid acceleration of gravity is: g ( ψ ) = 9.7803253359 1 + 0.00193185265241 sin 2 ψ 1 - 0.00669437999014 sin 2 ψ ##EQU00017## ω(d) The explosion waveform coefficient is the function of the underwater penetration of the bombs, the unit of which is m. hT The maximum rise of tsunami design (m). hg The design height of the beaching destination (m). X The maximum rise of tsunami design hT divides the value f(0) of the probability density function; that is, X=hT/f (0); no unit. α The angle (rad) formed by the maximum breadth between the coordinate points of the air-dropped bombs and the beaching destination. βT(ω(d),D) The sea water transmission attenuation rate; no unit. φ(d) The explosive kinetic energy reduction coefficient is the function of the underwater penetration of the bombs; no unit. φe(S,Rb) The modified coefficient of explosive kinetic energy; no unit. φv(S,R.sub.ω) The modified coefficient of sea water capacity; no unit. Rb The effective explosion radius (m). R.sub.ω The effective radius of the explosion waveform (m). S The bomb group distance (m). V The sea water capacity of the artificial tsunami (m3). Vr The sea water capacity for overflowing the beaching destination (m3). Ve,e The sea water capacity of a single bomb after being modified by the modified coefficient of explosive kinetic energy (m3). (Ve,e)n The bomb group sea water capacity after being modified by the modified coefficient of explosive kinetic energy (m3). Vb,e(S,Rb) The total overlapping of the effective radius of all bombs (m3). Vb,0(Rb) The total non-overlapping of the effective radius of all bombs (m3). V.sub.ω,e(S,R.sub.ω) The total overlapping of the effective radius of all bombs according to their explosion waveforms (m3). V.sub.ω,0(R.sub.ω) The total non-overlapping of the effective radius of all bombs according to their explosion waveforms (m3).
2. The mentioned pressure gauge and timer are installed on the bombs and dropped into the sea by the bombers to detect water pressure and calculate the time to the water, so as to deduce the underwater penetration. Upon reaching the pressure design value or designated time of the timer, the bombs will explode via one of the systems or after double confirmation. Because the artificial tsunami is a tactic carried out according to precise calculations, and because the underwater penetration control for exploding the bombs is extremely crucial for an artificial tsunami, it is wise to adopt a double confirmation system to explode bombs only after correctly confirming the underwater penetration.
3. The mentioned bombers and artificial satellite positioning should be precisely positioned, or be based on the coordinate points of the air-dropped bombs as measured by an engineering survey. The bombers can fly at low altitude so as to correctly airdrop the bombs into the sea. If the intention is to avoid enemy radar detection, stealth bombers can be adopted. The bombers should continuously airdrop bombs at the designated coordinate points to create the artificial tsunami, a veritable wall of water, in order to conduct a large-scale beaching operation effectively.
4. After the said artificial tsunami is calculated correctly, it should be developed on a chart that can be easily referred to or input into computer software to enable military forces to quickly scan the information when in battle. In a real war, soldiers at the frontlines are more likely to know the actual war situation than the logistic units; therefore, the use of an artificial tsunami could be proposed by the frontline soldiers, with the logistic units cooperating with them by dispatching fighters to airdrop bombs and create an artificial tsunami that conforms to the needs of the frontline soldiers. A war environment, due to the complexities of the battlefield, is often not compatible with the use of computer software; therefore, the plan for the artificial tsunami should be drawn into a chart that can be conveniently carried. In chart form the plan will have a 5% scanning difference as the result of being printed out, which should be taken into account, and the explosion energy K(TNT) should be reduced to 95%. The chart should be printed with A2 or above graph paper in order to avoid a failure to meet the design standard in the war.
5. The said artificial tsunami is used together with a military force, so a new type of soldier the tsunami soldier, is required. The training mode of tsunami soldiers is similar to the assessment of a mathematical operation. It is necessary that they quickly calculate the height for the overflowing of the beaching destination, i.e. the design height of beaching destination hg, and sea water capacity Vr according to different topography, as well as calculate the maximum rise of tsunami design hT and sea water capacity Ve,e of the air-dropped bombs according to distance D and tsunami transmission attenuation rate βT(ω(d),D) and determine the explosion equivalent TNT and underwater penetration d after scanning the chart of the artificial tsunami. The artificial tsunami design is the same for a single bomb artificial tsunami as it is for a bomb group, but the bomb group effect and the designed bomb group distance S should be taken into account. The standard for designing an artificial tsunami should take the maximum rise of tsunami design hT as the priority, and then decide sea water capacity Ve,e or (Ve,e)n on the basis of the artificial tsunami. However, it must be kept in mind that, due to numerous causes (such as the drain of sea water), not all of the sea water capacity can be used for the beaching destination. Explosion equivalent TNT and underwater penetration d must be determined and, under the circumstance of tsunami transmission attenuation rate βT(ω(d),D), it checked whether or not the design demand of overflowing the beaching destination can be met. In considering the bomb group effect, the modified coefficient of the explosive kinetic energy φe(S,Rb) and modified coefficient of sea water capacity φv(S,R.sub.ω) should be used to modify the brisance and sea water capacity. Whether tsunami soldiers can pass the assessment depends on whether the results of the artificial tsunami are above the design requirements; nevertheless, over-design should be avoided so as to reduce war expenditures. The number of tsunami soldiers required is small, so they should be carefully selected and distributed to the marine forces.
6. With the said artificial tsunami, it is recommended to airdrop bombs between two o'clock and five o'clock in the morning, and to dispatch military forces to take over the beaching destination after the ebb of the tsunami at six or seven in the morning in order to reduce the number of casualties from the military forces. After the artificial tsunami has swept over the enemy forces, the interval during which the military forces take control must be tight enough to minimize the possibility of the attacking forces being ambushed by the enemy. Thus, the time by which the military forces must take over after the artificial tsunami should be arranged and planned efficiently. When taking over the beaching destination, the military forces should dispatch the air force to shield the ground forces so they will not be subject to an enemy attack.
7. The said artificial tsunami could also be used for civilian purposes, such as to lower the cost of fishing at sea by fishermen. Fishermen could jointly purchase bombs to be dropped into the sea to create an artificial tsunami which would bring schools of fish nearer the port and enable their easy capture.
Description:
BRIEF SUMMARY
[0001] An artificial tsunami is a new type of beaching tactic capable of achieving the military goal with almost no losses among the invading forces.
BACKGROUND
[0002] In World War II, the Normandy Invasion was the key to the victory of the Allied Forces. However, the number of soldiers required for beaching was up to five to ten times the number of enemy, which resulted in heavy losses. Thus, when a beaching tactic is demanded, using an artificial tsunami to conduct operations first before dispatching forces to take over the situation would significantly reduce casualties.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0003] At the proper distance from the beaching destination, an artificial tsunami can be created by having bombers above the designated coordinate points, as positioned by artificial satellite, to airdrop bombs equivalent to the designed value on the sea, controlling their underwater penetration with a pressure gauge and timer, and then exploding the bombs at the projected depth.
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