Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100144317 | METHOD OF MITIGATING INTERFERENCE IN MIXED FREQUENCY - Disclosed is the radio (wireless) communication system providing a radio communication service and the terminal, and more particularly, to a method of releasing a restricted-access based on a network's setting and an interference situation measured by the terminal in an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (E-UMTS) evolved from the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. | 06-10-2010 |
20110098052 | RADIO RESOURCE GROUP SELECTION METHOD FOR A RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Disclosed is the radio (wireless) communication system providing a radio communication service and the terminal, and more particularly, to a method of managing radio resource(s) using a group selection indicator so as to effectively utilize the radio resource(s) in an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (E-UMTS) evolved from the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. | 04-28-2011 |
20110103249 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING CELL IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A method and apparatus for measuring a cell a wireless communication system are disclosed. The method includes receiving measurement configuration information for a plurality of frequencies from a BS, without a dedicated connection between a UE and a network, and measuring cells using the plurality of frequencies according to the measurement configuration information. | 05-05-2011 |
20110103326 | METHOD OF OPERATING USER EQUIPMENT IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING A PLURALITY OF UPLINK FREQUENCIES - A method of operating a user equipment in a wireless communication system using a plurality of uplink frequencies is disclosed. The method of operating the user equipment in the wireless communication system using the plurality of uplink frequencies includes identifying deactivation of a specific uplink frequency among the plurality of uplink frequencies, and flushing a Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) process associated with the specific uplink frequency. | 05-05-2011 |
20110164560 | METHOD FOR PROCESSING MAC PROTOCOL DATA UNIT IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A method and apparatus for processing a MAC PDU in a wireless communication system are disclosed. The method includes segmenting a MAC PDU into a first MAC PDU segment and a second MAC PDU segment, transmitting the first MAC PDU segment to a receiver, and discarding the second MAC PDU segment not to be transmitted to the receiver, if the transmission of the first MAC PDU segment is failed. | 07-07-2011 |
20110188408 | METHOD OF SELECTIVELY APPLYING A PDCP FUNCTION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Disclosed is a wireless communication system and terminal for providing a wireless communication service, and more particularly, a method of selectively applying a PDCP function based on data characteristic transmitted through a radio bearer in an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (E-UMTS) evolved from a UMTS, Long Term Evolution (LTE) System or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system. | 08-04-2011 |
20110244902 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HANDLING BARRED CELL IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A method of handling a barred cell in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The method of handling a barred cell in a user equipment using a plurality of frequencies includes releasing a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection between the user equipment and a network if authentication between the user equipment and the network fails, and regarding a cell having a first uplink radio link and a first downlink radio link, a cell having only a second uplink radio link and a cell having only a second downlink radio link as barred cells, if the RRC connection is released. | 10-06-2011 |
20110310845 | METHOD OF HANDLING AN UPLINK SYNCHRONIZATION TIMER DURING A HANDOVER IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Disclosed is the radio (wireless) communication system providing a radio communication service and the terminal, and more particularly, to a method of handling an uplink synchronization timer during a handover procedure in an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (E-UMTS) evolved from the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. | 12-22-2011 |
20120014281 | METHOD OF MAINTAINING A QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS) IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - The present invention relates to a wireless communication system and user equipment providing wireless communication services, and a method of transmitting and receiving data between a terminal and a base station in an evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) that has evolved from a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, and more particularly, to a method of maintaining a Quality of Service (QoS) in an optimized manner, such that the effective data transmission can be performed with a good quality of service data. | 01-19-2012 |
20120015652 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING CHANGES IN A CSG SUBSCRIPTION IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Provided are a method and an apparatus for processing changes in a closed subscriber group (CSG) subscription in a wireless communication system. A non-access stratum (NAS) of a user equipment receives, from a network, an NAS message indicating that the CSG service to a CSG cell has expired. The NAS notifies the expiration of the CSG service to access stratum (AS), and the AS transmits the expiration of the CSG service to the CSG cell. | 01-19-2012 |
20120028631 | METHOD OF UTILIZING A RELAY NODE IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - The present invention relates to a wireless communication system and a user equipment (UE) providing wireless communication services, and more particularly, a method of preventing transmission error of data while maintaining its security and a method of controlling an access of a Relay Node (RN) to a Donor eNB (DeNB) and an access of the UE to the RN during a process of transmitting and receiving user data when the RN as a radio network node is connected to the DeNB in an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (E-UMTS), a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, and a LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system that have evolved from a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). | 02-02-2012 |
20120033606 | METHOD OF EFFECTIVEY USING RADIO RESOURCE IN RELAY NODE OF A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - The present invention relates to a wireless communication system and user equipment providing wireless communication services, and a method of transmitting and receiving data between a terminal and a base station in an evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) that has evolved from a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a LTE-A (LTE-Advanced) system and more particularly, to a method of effectively using radio resource(s) in relay node., and it may be an object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of maintaining a Quality of Service (QoS) and of managing a memory and buffer in a LTE-A system in order to effectively utilize the radio resource(s). | 02-09-2012 |
20120039302 | METHOD OF PERFORMING A HANDOVER PROCEDURE IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - The present invention relates to a wireless communication system and UE providing wireless communication services, and a method of effectively performing a handover procedure in an evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) that has evolved from a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a LTE-A (LTE-Advanced) system and it may be an object of the present invention to perform the handover procedure without terminating a data transmission between a terminal and a base station by utilizing carrier aggregation scheme, which allows a high-speed data transmission by using a plurality of frequencies. | 02-16-2012 |
20120057490 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MONITORING A DOWNLINK CONTROL CHANNEL IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM SUPPORTING MULTIPLE CARRIERS - The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. More particularly, the present invention discloses a method and apparatus for monitoring a downlink control channel in a wireless communication system which supports multiple carriers. According to one embodiment of the present invention, provided is a method in which a user equipment that supports carrier aggregation for performing communication through the use of a plurality of component carriers monitors a downlink control channel, wherein said method comprises the steps of: receiving, from a base station, setup information for a specific component carrier among the plurality of component carriers; starting a timer in accordance with the control signal received through the downlink control channel; and monitoring the downlink control channel through the specific component carrier and deactivating the rest of the plurality of component carriers when timer expires. | 03-08-2012 |
20120063298 | SIGNAL PROCESSING METHOD IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND DEVICE THEREFOR - Disclosed herein is a method for processing signals by a wireless node in a wireless communication system. The method for processing the signal includes configuring a specific subframe for communicating with a network node, starting a timer if a problem of a connection with the network node is detected, and releasing the configured specific subframe if the timer expires. | 03-15-2012 |
20120076042 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RANDOM ACCESS IN A MULTI-CARRIER WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and discloses a method and an apparatus for performing random access in a multi-carrier wireless communication system. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method in which user equipment carries out a process for random access to a base station in a multi-carrier wireless communication system comprises: a step of measuring the channel qualities of one or more uplink component carriers, and determining the uplink component carrier having the highest channel quality; a step of selecting a physical random access channel (PRACH) resource on the uplink component carrier having the highest channel quality; and a step of transmitting a random access preamble to the base station using the selected PRACH resource. | 03-29-2012 |
20120076104 | METHOD FOR A USER TERMINAL TO RANDOM ACCESS A CARRIER AGGREGATION MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A method for random access to a base station by a user equipment (UE) in a mobile communication system using carrier aggregation in which communication is conducted over a plurality of component carriers, and a terminal for the method are disclosed. When the UE performs a contention-based random access procedure in the mobile communication system to which CA technology is applied, the UE considers an uplink grant signal as a contention resolution message when receiving the uplink grant signal from a eNB only when the uplink grant signal is received through a downlink CC corresponding to an uplink CC used to transmit a random access preamble or a third message, to thereby prevent contention resolution from being erroneously ended. | 03-29-2012 |
20120076126 | METHOD IN WHICH USER EQUIPMENT PERFORMS RANDOM ACCESS IN A CARRIER AGGREGATION MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - The present document relates to a method in which user equipment carries out a process for random access to a base station in a carrier aggregation mobile communication system which performs communications using a plurality of component carriers (CCs), and to a terminal device for the method. The user equipment separately manages back-off operations for each of the CCs, and performs a random access preamble transmission using the relevant CC if another usable CC exists, even when a back-off period is being applied to a specific CC, to carry out a random access process in an efficient manner in a carrier aggregation mobile communication system. | 03-29-2012 |
20120094651 | METHOD OF PERFORMING A MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - The invention disclosed herein relates to a wireless communication system and a user equipment (UE) providing wireless communication services, and more particularly, to a method of effectively performing the measurement of a plurality of frequencies while reducing the measurement load of the UE in the carrier aggregation technology for increasing data transmission speed using a plurality of frequencies in an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (E-UMTS), a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, and a LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system that have evolved from a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). | 04-19-2012 |
20120099464 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANAGING SYSTEM INFORMATION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM SUPPORTING MULTI-CARRIERS - Discussed are a method and an apparatus for managing system information in a wireless communication system supporting multi-carriers. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method by which user equipment obtains system information in a wireless communication system supporting multi-carriers comprises the steps of: receiving from a base station a message including information related to modification to system information of one or more component carriers; determining whether the system information of a component carrier from among the plurality of component carriers, which is set to the user equipment, is to be modified, based on the information related to the modification to the system information of the one or more component carriers; and obtaining the modified system information of the component carrier set at the user equipment when it is determined that the system information of the component carrier set at the user equipment is to be modified. | 04-26-2012 |
20120157107 | RADIO RESOURCE GROUP SELECTION METHOD FOR A RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Disclosed is the radio (wireless) communication system providing a radio communication service and the terminal, and more particularly, to a method of managing radio resource(s) using a group selection indicator so as to effectively utilize the radio resource(s) in an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (E-UMTS) evolved from the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. | 06-21-2012 |
20130121203 | Apparatus and Method of Reporting Power Headroom in Wireless Communication System - A method and apparatus of reporting a power headroom in a wireless communication system is provided. A user equipment determines a power headroom based on a configured transmit power and transmits a power headroom report to a base station. The power headroom report includes a power headroom level indicating the power headroom and a backoff indicator indicating whether the user equipment applies power backoff due to power management. | 05-16-2013 |
20130196604 | Method and Device for Performing a Logged Measurement in a Wireless Communication System - A method for performing a logged measurement in wireless communication system is provided. The method includes receiving measurement configuration from a network, logging MDT (Minimization of Driving Tests) measurement, detecting whether a condition for state transition has occurred, performing state transition when the condition for state transition has occurred, and logging state transition information related to said state transition. | 08-01-2013 |
20130223409 | Method for Performing Handover in Wireless Communication System - Provided is a method for a user equipment performing a handover in a wireless communication system. The method comprises a step of receiving from a source cell a handover command message, which indicates the handover to a target cell, and a step of performing the handover to the target cell, wherein the handover command message includes information on a low-interference wireless resource to be used by the user equipment inside the target cell. The low-interference wireless resource can be a wireless resource which is operated by the source cell in order to mitigate inter-cell interference, when the source cell is an interfering cell and the target cell is an interfered cell. | 08-29-2013 |
20130225228 | Transmission Power Reporting Method and Apparatus - Provided are a transmission power reporting method and apparatus. A terminal determines a configured maximum transmission power based on a maximum power reduction (MPR) and transmission power configured by a base station and determines whether reporting of the configured maximum transmission power is triggered. If reporting of the configured maximum transmission power is triggered, the terminal transmits a reporting message including the configured maximum transmission power to the base station. | 08-29-2013 |
20130250917 | Method and Apparatus for Performing Access Control in Wireless Communication System - A method and apparatus of performing access control in a wireless communication system is provided. A first home eNodeB (eNB) determines whether an X2 interface between the first HeNB and a second HeNB is available or not for an X2 handover based on a cell access mode of the second HeNB. Or, a first macro eNB determines whether an X2 interface between the first macro eNB and a second HeNB is available or not for an X2 handover based on a cell access mode of the second HeNB. Or, access control is performed by a home eNB gateway (GW). | 09-26-2013 |
20130301536 | Apparatus and Method of Reporting Power Headroom in Wireless Communication System - A method and apparatus of reporting a power headroom in a wireless communication system is provided. A user equipment transmits a first power headroom report to a base station and starts a virtual power backoff timer upon transmitting the first power headroom report. When a second power headroom report is triggered while the virtual power backoff timer is running, the user equipment transmits the second power headroom report. | 11-14-2013 |
20130308606 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING MEMBERSHIP VERIFICATION OR ACCESS CONTROL IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A method and apparatus for performing a membership verification or an access control in a wireless communication system is provided. A mobility management entity (MME) performs the membership verification or the access control of a user equipment (UE), and transmits verified UE membership information to a target HeNB. | 11-21-2013 |
20130329635 | Method and Apparatus for Reporting Measurement Result in Wireless Communication System - Provided an apparatus and a method for reporting a measurement result in a wireless communication system. A terminal receives report conditions and a measurement setting including a report for position information from a base station. When a measurement report is triggered, the terminal determines whether valid position information is available and the measured result is transmitted to the base station. When the valid position information is not available, the measured result includes serving cell information and adjacent cell information. | 12-12-2013 |
20140141783 | Method and Apparatus for Performing Closed Subscriber Group Grouping in Wireless Communication System - A method and apparatus for grouping home eNodeBs (HeNBs) in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes grouping a plurality of HeNBs into at least one closed subscriber group (CSG) group, and transmitting an identifier (ID) of a specific CSG group to HeNBs included in the specific CSG group. | 05-22-2014 |
20140293964 | Method and Apparatus for Releasing Delay Tolerant Access User Equipment in Wireless Communication System - A method and apparatus for releasing delay tolerant access user equipments (UEs) in a wireless communication system is provided. An eNodeB (eNB) receives an overload message or a user equipment (UE) context release command message including a request for releasing the delay tolerant access UEs from a mobility management entity (MME), releases the delay tolerant access UEs based on the overload message or the UE context release command message. | 10-02-2014 |
20140297274 | NESTED SEGMENTATION METHOD FOR SPEECH RECOGNITION BASED ON SOUND PROCESSING OF BRAIN - A method of segmenting input speech signal into plurality of frames for speech recognition is disclosed. The method includes extracting a low frequency signal from the speech signal, and segmenting the speech signal into a plurality of time-intervals according to a plurality of instantaneous phase-sections of the low frequency signal. | 10-02-2014 |
20140298143 | SELF-REPARABLE DIGITAL DEVICE FOR MULTIPLE FAULTS BASED ON BIOLOGICAL ATTRACTOR CONCEPTS - Provided is a fault self-repairing circuit sequentially converting an N-bit output value according to a pre-determined schedule and outputting the converted result. The fault self-repairing circuit includes different N logic modules configured to output each bit of the N bits. Here, each of the logic modules includes an internal logic. When the N-bit output value is identical to a pre-determined value, an output value of each of the logic modules is provided by the internal logic, and, when the N-bit output value is not identical to the pre-determined value, the output value of each of the logic modules is provided with a correct value provided outside each of the logic modules. | 10-02-2014 |
20150044972 | Method for Logging Measurement Result in Wireless Communication System and Apparatus for the Same - A method for logging measurement results in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes: receiving a logged measurement configuration from a network, the logged measurement configuration comprising information for performing logged Minimization Driving Test (MDT); measuring at least one cell based on the logged measurement configuration; determining whether the measurement result has importance for logging; if a storage space for logging is enough for additionally logging, setting an importance tag of the measurement result to a predetermined value in accordance with the determination; and logging the measurement result and the importance tag in the storage space. | 02-12-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100197310 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING CELL SELECTION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A method and apparatus for performing cell selection is provided. The apparatus includes a memory configured to store basic priorities of a plurality of frequencies, and a processor configured to measure the signal strength of at least one cell in at least one of the plurality of frequencies, and perform cell selection based on an overrided priority if a cell with a highest measured signal strength is a closed subscriber group (CSG) cell and the highest measured signal strength is greater than a CSG threshold. When the quality of a serving CSG cell deteriorates, another cell from a different frequency may be selected. | 08-05-2010 |
20110028148 | CARRIER AGGREGATION MANAGEMENT METHOD, SYSTEM AND DEVICES - Method, system and devices for managing carrier aggregation in a radiocommunication system. According to the method, the user equipment ( | 02-03-2011 |
20110039558 | APPARATUS AND METHOD OF CELL RESELECTION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A method and apparatus of selecting a cell in a wireless communication system is provided. A user equipment receives an Intra Frequency Reselection indicator (IFRI) from a barred cell. The user equipment starts an Intra Frequency Reselection (IFR) timer when the IFRI indicates not to allow reselection of a neighboring cell in a frequency of the barred cell, and searches neighboring cells in the frequency of the barred cell while the IFR timer is running. | 02-17-2011 |
20110127491 | LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE PACKAGE, AND LIGHTING SYSTEM - Disclosed is a light emitting device, a method of manufacturing the same, a light emitting device package, and a lighting system. The light emitting device may include a first conductive semiconductor layer including first conductive impurities, a second conductive semiconductor layer including second conductive impurities different from the first conductive impurities, an active layer between the first conductive semiconductor layer and the second conductive semiconductor layer, and an AlInN-based semiconductor layer interposed between the active layer and the second conductive semiconductor layer while making contact with both of the active layer and the second conductive semiconductor and including the second conductive impurities. | 06-02-2011 |
20110140132 | Light-Emitting Device - Provided are a light-emitting device, a light-emitting device package, and a method for fabricating the light-emitting device. The light-emitting device includes a first light-emitting structure; an insulation layer having non-conductivity, in which a current does not flow, on the first light-emitting structure; a second light-emitting structure on the insulation layer; and a common electrode simultaneously and electrically connected to the first light-emitting structure and the second light-emitting structure. | 06-16-2011 |
20110220946 | LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE, LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE PACKAGE, AND LIGHTING SYSTEM - Provided is a light emitting device. The light emitting device includes a first conductive type semiconductor layer, an active layer on the first conductive type semiconductor layer, a second conductive type semiconductor layer on the active layer, an undoped semiconductor layer disposed on the second conductive type semiconductor layer and comprising a plurality of first holes, and a third conductive type semiconductor layer disposed on the undoped semiconductor layer and comprising a plurality of second holes. | 09-15-2011 |
20120119254 | LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE, LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE PACKAGE AND LIGHTING SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME - Provided are a light emitting device, a light emitting device package, and a lighting system. The light emitting device comprises a first conductive type first semiconductor layer, an active layer, a second conductive type second semiconductor layer, a reliability enhancement layer, and a second conductive type third semiconductor layer. The active layer is disposed on the first conductive type first semiconductor layer. The second conductive type second semiconductor layer is disposed on the active layer. The reliability enhancement layer is disposed on the second conductive type second semiconductor layer. The second conductive type third semiconductor layer is disposed on the reliability enhancement layer and comprises a light extraction pattern. The reliability enhancement layer and the active layer are spaced apart from each other by a distance of 0.3 μm to 5 μm. | 05-17-2012 |
20120126242 | LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE AND LIGHTING APPARATUS - Provided are a light emitting device, a light emitting device package, and a lighting apparatus. The light emitting device includes: an n-type semiconductor layer including a first area and a second area in a plane; an n-type contact layer disposed on the n-type semiconductor layer and has a first thickness in the first area and a second thickness in the second area; an undoped semiconductor layer disposed on the n-type contact layer having the first thickness in the first area; an active layer disposed on the undoped semiconductor layer in the first area; a p-type semiconductor layer disposed on the active layer in the first area; a first electrode disposed on the n-type contact layer having the second thickness in the second area; and a second electrode disposed on the p-type semiconductor layer. | 05-24-2012 |
20120138994 | LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE, LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE PACKAGE, AND LIGHT UNIT - A light emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first conductive semiconductor layer providing a roughness on a upper surface thereof and including a PEC etching control layer; an active layer under the first conductive semiconductor layer; a second conductive semiconductor layer under the active layer; a reflective electrode electrically connected to the second conductive semiconductor layer; and a first electrode electrically connected to the first conductive semiconductor layer. | 06-07-2012 |
20140022933 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING A PACKET THROUGHPUT IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A method and apparatus of measuring a packet throughput in a wireless communication system are provided. When determining a reference time for estimating packet throughput, a receiver determines the time that a data burst starts or ends in order to estimate the packet throughput considering a change in the data burst of the transmitter buffer. A measurement period is defined through the determined start time and end time of the data burst, and packet throughput is measured considering the total amount of the received data burst. The throughput of packet data may be estimated by each base station based on the same standard rule, so that the measured packet throughput values may be reliable, thus allowing the operator to make use of it as a parameter for MDT. | 01-23-2014 |
20140034904 | LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE - A light-emitting device has a first light-emitting structure a second light-emitting structure on a top surface of the first light-emitting structure, an insulation layer between a top surface of the first light-emitting structure and a bottom surface of the second light-emitting structure; and a first electrode contacted with the second conductive type semiconductor layer and the third conductive type semiconductor layer. The first electrode contacts the insulation layer and the first electrode has a thickness thicker than that of the insulating layer. | 02-06-2014 |
20150021620 | LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE - The light emitting device includes a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer and an active layer provided between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer. A first light extraction layer is provided on the first semiconductor layer and includes a nitride semiconductor layer. The first light extraction layer includes a plurality of first layers. The refractive indexes of the first layers decrease with increasing distance from the first semiconductor layer. | 01-22-2015 |