Hwang, US
Andrew Hwang, Redondo Beach, CA US
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20120087249 | INTEGRATED SWITCH - Switching between communication ports of a notebook is typically accomplished using an off-chip local area network (LAN) switch or an off-chip high speed analog multiplexer. This off-chip component is disadvantageous for several reasons, including: added cost of an additional component; increased overall power consumption because transmit amplitude loss; and reduced cable reach and link performance due to hybrid mismatch and signal distortions. To reduce cost and preserve electrical and networking performance, an integrated switch is provided to multiplex signals of a networking communication chip to multiple network paths. | 04-12-2012 |
20130198543 | Apparatus and Method for TPM and LAN Power Management - In Gigibit Ethernet Systems, the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is designed to provide trust and security to a platform through integrity measurement, protected storage, and other cryptographic functions. The present invention relates to a TPM-LAN chip with separate TPM and LAN power management. The TPM-LAN chip is designed such a way that power is reduced significantly in different power management modes compared to the legacy devices. This is accomplished by turning off certain clocks during certain operating modes. | 08-01-2013 |
Beyeong Hee Hwang, Goleta, CA US
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20120253238 | COMPOSITIONS FOR SOLUBILIZING CELLS AND/OR TISSUE - Solubilizing compositions are provided. The compositions comprise at least one zwitterionic surfactant and at least one nonionic surfactant. In one embodiment, the compositions may be useful for solubilizing and remodeling and/or removing tissue on or beneath a patient's skin, optionally in conjunction with the application of energy to a region of interest on the skin. In one embodiment, at least one analyte may be collected and analyzed from the solubilized tissue. | 10-04-2012 |
Chang Wan Hwang, Sunnyvale, CA US
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20120094149 | DEPOSITION OF LAYER USING DEPOSITING APPARATUS WITH RECIPROCATING SUSCEPTOR - Atomic layer deposition is performed by reciprocating a susceptor in two directions, subjecting a substrate on the susceptor to two different sequences of processes. By subjecting the susceptor to different sequences of processes, the substrate undergoes different processes that otherwise would have required an additional set of injectors or reactors. The reduced number of injectors or reactors enables a more compact deposition device, and reduces the cost associated with the deposition device. | 04-19-2012 |
Chan-Kou Hwang US
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20110166090 | 18-Membered Macrocycles and Analogs Thereof - The present invention relates generally to the 18-membered macrocyclic antimicrobial agents called Tiacumicins, specifically, OPT-80 (which is composed almost entirely of the R-Tiacumicin B), pharmaceutical compositions comprising OPT-80, and methods using OPT-80. In particular, this compound is a potent drug for the treatment of bacterial infections, specifically | 07-07-2011 |
Chao-Wei Hwang, Ellicott City, MD US
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20120010698 | Implantable Pressure-Actuated Drug Delivery Systems and Methods of Manufacture and Use - Implantable pressure-actuated systems to deliver a drug and/or other substance in response to a pressure difference between a system cavity and an exterior environment, and methods of fabrication and use. A pressure-rupturable membrane diaphragm may be tuned to rupture at a desired rupture threshold, rupture site, with a desired rupture pattern, and/or within a desired rupture time. Tuning may include material selection, thickness control, surface patterning, substrate support patterning. The cavity may be pressurized above or evacuated below the rupture threshold, and a diaphragm-protective layer may be provided to prevent premature rupture in an ambient environment and to dissipate within an implant environment. A drug delivery system may be implemented within a stent to release a substance upon a decrease in blood pressure. The cavity may include a thrombolytic drug to or other substance to treat a blood clot. | 01-12-2012 |
20120083767 | IMPLANTABLE BIOREACTOR FOR DELIVERY OF PARACRINE FACTORS - An implantable bioreactor containing a barrier which is designed to allow the release of cell-derived biomolecules, but restricts the entry of immunologic and other cells, or the egress of the cells contained within the bioreactor. Two broad classes of implantable bioreactors are envisioned, encompassing devices for both systemic delivery of the bio-products and local delivery at the target tissue. Bioreactors of both classes can be implanted via surgery, through percutaneous techniques, or other techniques which effect implantation. | 04-05-2012 |
20140188213 | Methods of Manufacture and Use of Implantable Pressure-Actuated Drug Delivery Systems - Implantable pressure-actuated systems to deliver a drug and/or other substance in response to a pressure difference between a system cavity and an exterior environment, and methods of fabrication and use. A pressure-rupturable membrane diaphragm may be tuned to rupture at a desired rupture threshold, rupture site, with a desired rupture pattern, and/or within a desired rupture time. Tuning may include material selection, thickness control, surface patterning, substrate support patterning. The cavity may be pressurized above or evacuated below the rupture threshold, and a diaphragm-protective layer may be provided to prevent premature rupture in an ambient environment and to dissipate within an implant environment. A drug delivery system may be implemented within a stent to release a substance upon a decrease in blood pressure. The cavity may include a thrombolytic drug to or other substance to treat a blood clot. | 07-03-2014 |
Cheol-Sang Hwang, Arcadia, CA US
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20110230370 | Discovery And Applications Of The Proteolytic Function of N-Terminal Acetylation Of Cellular Proteins - Screening assays that allow for the identification of agents that modulate the activity of N-terminal acetylation of a polypeptide and the Doa10 branch of the N-end rule pathway are provided. Also provided are methods of using an agent that modulates the activity of N-terminal acetylation of a polypeptide and the Doa10 branch of the N-end rule pathway to increase or decrease protein degradation in a cell, and to modulate physiologic and pathologic associated with N-terminal acetylation of a polypeptide and the Doa10 branch of the N-end rule pathway. | 09-22-2011 |
Choonkyu Hwang, Albany, CA US
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20110223094 | METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OF HIGH QUALITY GRAPHENE - A method is described herein for the providing of high quality graphene layers on silicon carbide wafers in a thermal process. With two wafers facing each other in close proximity, in a first vacuum heating stage, while maintained at a vacuum of around 10 | 09-15-2011 |
Chorng-Fure Robin Hwang, Thousand Oaks, CA US
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20110238037 | GAS-PRESSURED MEDICATION DELIVERY DEVICE - The present invention relates to medical devices and particularly to a medication delivery device for self-injection of a medication, or for healthcare professionals to administer a medication. In one embodiment, a medication delivery device utilizes a source of gas pressure to deploy a needle, deliver a desired amount of medication through the needle, and retract the needle for disposal. Fluid flow paths from the source of gas pressure communicate the gas pressure to the needle and to the medication in order to accomplish these steps. In one embodiment, a valve is positioned to open and close the flow of the pressurized gas to the needle and the flow of the medication to the needle, so that the valve can be operated to deploy the needle and deliver the medication through the needle when the user is ready for the injection. The valve can also be operated to retract the needle when the dose is complete. | 09-29-2011 |
20140094769 | GAS-PRESSURED MEDICATION DELIVERY SERVICE - The present invention relates to medical devices and particularly to a medication delivery device for self-injection of a medication, or for healthcare professionals to administer a medication. In one embodiment, a medication delivery device utilizes a source of gas pressure to deploy a needle, deliver a desired amount of medication through the needle, and retract the needle for disposal. Fluid flow paths from the source of gas pressure communicate the gas pressure to the needle and to the medication in order to accomplish these steps. In one embodiment, a valve is positioned to open and close the flow of the pressurized gas to the needle and the flow of the medication to the needle, so that the valve can be operated to deploy the needle and deliver the medication through the needle when the user is ready for the injection. The valve can also be operated to retract the needle when the dose is complete. | 04-03-2014 |
Chuming Luke Hwang, West Chester, OH US
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20110060555 | Computer Based Models for Absorbent Articles - Methods of using computer based models for simulating the physical behavior of bodily fluids with absorbent articles. | 03-10-2011 |
20110060570 | Computer Based Models for Absorbent Articles - Methods of using computer based models for simulating the physical behavior of bodily fluids with absorbent articles. | 03-10-2011 |
20130151222 | Computer Based Models for Absorbent Articles - Methods of using computer based models for simulating the physical behavior of bodily fluids with absorbent articles. | 06-13-2013 |
20140207435 | COMPUTER BASED MODELS FOR ABSORBENT ARTICLES - Methods of using computer based models for simulating the physical behavior of bodily fluids with absorbent articles. | 07-24-2014 |
Chung H. Hwang, Narragansett, RI US
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20110087515 | Cognitive interactive mission planning system and method - A cognitive interactive mission planning system including an adversarial planning engine configured to execute an adversarial planning model in order to develop one or more plans for one or more controlled agents based on possible actions of one or more uncontrolled agents to provide a plurality of plans which includes a best plan for the one or more controlled agents in each of the one or more possible worlds based on a scoring function. A cognitive behavior engine may be configured to execute a cognitive behavior model which predicts the likelihood the one or more controlled agents and/or the one or more uncontrolled agents will take one or more of the possible actions in a particular situation. A problem solver engine may be configured to query the adversarial planning engine and the cognitive behavior engine to develop a conditional mission plan which provides solutions to the user defined mission goals and problems. | 04-14-2011 |
Clara Hwang, Wilmington, DE US
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20100330179 | Method for Treating a Patient at Risk for Developing an NSAID-associated Ulcer - The present disclosure is directed to a method for treating a disease or disorder in a patient at risk of developing an NSAID-associated ulcer by administering to said patient in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition in unit dose form comprising naproxen, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and esomeprazole, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to said at risk patient and thereby decreasing the patient's risk of developing an ulcer. | 12-30-2010 |
C. Robin Hwang, Thousand Oaks, CA US
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20110251546 | MEDICAMENT MICRODEVICE DELIVERY SYSTEM, CARTRIDGE AND METHOD OF USE - A method and device for intradermal delivery of a reconstituted medicament. The device includes a chamber, which is in fluid communication with a microdevice, e.g. microabrader or one or more microneedles. A cartridge containing the medicament may be located within said chamber. At least one burstable membrane retains a medicament within the housing. The method involves the steps of positioning the device at a delivery site on the skin of a patient and intradermally administering the medicament by dispensing a diluent from a diluent source an through inlet port to rupture the membranes, reconstitute the medicament and deliver the reconstituted medicament through the microdevice to the dermal region of the skin. | 10-13-2011 |
Daekyoo Hwang, West Chester, PA US
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20120057937 | Concurrent Disposal and Consolidation of Dredged Sediment Using Horizontal Drains and Vacuum Loading - A method and system for dewatering and consolidating contaminated dredged sediment concurrently as it is discharged to a disposal pond using horizontal drains installed in the settled sediment and vacuum loading. Horizontal drains are connected to a vacuum pump via collector hoses and a header pipe. Vacuum pump operation consolidates the settled sediment and reduces the volume, enabling continued discharge of dredged sediment. Successive installation of horizontal drains within accumulating sediment and consolidation by vacuum pumping may continue until the disposal pond is filled with consolidated sediment. Vacuum pumping is continued for some period after final cover installation to enhance containment performance by over-consolidation. The horizontal drain system may also be used to deliver liquid reagents for sediment treatment or to circulate water for flushing. The method enables the disposal pond to be on land or under water below the original sediment line. | 03-08-2012 |
Daekyoo Hwang US
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20100200516 | CONCURRENT DISPOSAL AND CONSOLIDATION OF DREDGED SEDIMENT USING HORIZONTAL DRAINS AND VACUUM LOADING - For secure disposal of contaminated sediment, dredged sediment can be consolidated, concurrently as it is discharged to a disposal pond, using horizontal drains installed in the settled sediment and vacuum loading. Horizontal drains are connected to a vacuum pump via collector pipes and a header pipe. Vacuum pump operation consolidates the settled sediment and reduces the volume, enabling continued discharge of dredged sediment. Successive installation of horizontal drains within accumulating sediment and consolidation by vacuum pumping may continue until the disposal pond is filled with consolidated sediment. Vacuum pumping is continued for some period after final cover installation to enhance containment performance by overconsolidation. Also, the horizontal drain system may be used to deliver liquid reagents for sediment treatment or to circulate water for flushing. | 08-12-2010 |
David Hwang, Fairfax, VA US
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20080225937 | METHOD AND SYSTEM OF PROVIDING A HIGH SPEED TOMLINSON-HARASHIMA PRECODER - Herein described are at least a method and a system for implementing a high speed Tomlinson-Harashima Precoder. The method comprises using an L-tap transpose configuration of a Tomlinson-Harashima Precoder and processing a first discrete time sampled sequence using said L coefficients and L state variables by clocking the L-tap Tomlinson-Harashima Precoder using a clock signal wherein the clock signal has a clock rate equal to one half the symbol rate of the discrete time sampled sequence. In a representative embodiment, an L-tap Tomlinson-Harashima Precoder comprises a single integrated circuit chip, wherein the integrated circuit chip comprises at least one circuitry for processing a discrete time sampled sequence using L coefficients and L state variables by way of clocking the discrete time sampled sequence using a clock signal having a clock rate that is one half the symbol rate of the discrete time sampled sequence. | 09-18-2008 |
Der-Chyan Hwang, Chesterfield, MO US
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20090093406 | Vegetable Protein Concentrate Having a Reduced Insoluble Dietary Fiber Content and Increase Amount of Soluble Dietary Fiber Content - This invention relates to a vegetable protein composition of matter derived from an alcohol washed vegetable protein material, comprising; having a decreased amount of insoluble dietary fiber content and an increased amount of soluble dietary fiber content relative to said original amount of insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber in the alcohol washed vegetable protein material. | 04-09-2009 |
20110250313 | Protein Hydrolysate Compositions - The present invention provides protein hydrolysate compositions, processes for making protein hydrolysate compositions, and food products comprising protein hydrolysate compositions. The protein hydrolysate compositions generally comprise a mixture of polypeptides enriched in a 47 kDa fragment, wherein between about 10% and about 66% of the polypeptides are the 47 kDa fragment. | 10-13-2011 |
Dong Jin Hwang, Germantown, TN US
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20090142832 | Indoles, Derivatives, and Analogs Thereof and Uses Therefor - Indole derivatives and analog compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same are provided. Also provided are methods of using these compounds to inhibit tubulin polymerization in a cell associated with a proliferative disease or to treat a cancer. | 06-04-2009 |
Dong Jin Hwang, Bartlett, TN US
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20110082212 | MULTI-SUBSTITUTED SELECTIVE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF - This invention provides a class of androgen receptor targeting agents (ARTA). The agents define a new subclass of compounds, which are selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM). Several of the SARM compounds have been found to have an unexpected androgenic and anabolic activity of a nonsteroidal ligand for the androgen receptor. Other SARM compounds have been found to have an unexpected antiandrogenic activity of a nonsteroidal ligand for the androgen receptor. The SARM compounds, either alone or as a composition, are useful for a) male contraception; b) treatment of a variety of hormone-related conditions, for example conditions associated with Androgen Decline in Aging Male (ADAM), such as fatigue, depression, decreased libido, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, hair loss, anemia, obesity, sarcopenia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, benign prostate hyperplasia, alterations in mood and cognition and prostate cancer; c) treatment of conditions associated with Androgen Decline in Female (ADIF), such as sexual dysfunction, decreased sexual libido, hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, alterations in cognition and mood, depression, anemia, hair loss, obesity, endometriosis, breast cancer, uterine cancer and ovarian cancer; d) treatment and/or prevention of acute and/or chronic muscular wasting conditions; e) preventing and/or treating dry eye conditions; f) oral androgen replacement therapy; and/or g) decreasing the incidence of, halting or causing a regression of prostate cancer. | 04-07-2011 |
Dong Jin Hwang, Arlington, TN US
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20120022121 | INDOLES, DERIVATIVES AND ANALOGS THEREOF AND USES THEREFOR - Indole derivatives and analogous compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same are provided. Also provided are methods of using these compounds to inhibit tubulin polymerization in a cell associated with a proliferative disease or to treat cancer, metastatic cancer, resistant cancer or multidrug resistant cancer, including inter-alia: prostate cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, colon cancer and bladder cancer. | 01-26-2012 |
Eun Yong Hwang, San Francisco, CA US
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20120265545 | Cost-effective resource apportionment technlogies suitable for facilitating therapies - Configuration technologies for apportioning resources and communicating indications of potential or actual incentives based on one or more measurements or other objective indications that therapeutic components have been administered to an individual, other attributes of the therapeutic components or the individual, or other such determinants. Techniques for apportioning resources cost-effectively (between providers and other parties, e.g.) and for facilitating or handling implementations thereof or output therefrom. | 10-18-2012 |
Eun Young Hwang, San Francisco, CA US
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20120265544 | Cost-effective resource apportionment technologies suitable for facilitating therapies - Configuration technologies for apportioning resources and communicating indications of potential or actual incentives based on one or more measurements or other objective indications that therapeutic components have been administered to an individual, other attributes of the therapeutic components or the individual, or other such determinants. Techniques for apportioning resources cost-effectively (between providers and other parties, e.g.) and for facilitating or handling implementations thereof or output therefrom. | 10-18-2012 |
20120265546 | Cost-effective resource apportionment technologies suitable for facilitating therapies - Configuration technologies for apportioning resources and communicating indications of potential or actual incentives based on one or more measurements or other objective indications that therapeutic components have been administered to an individual, other attributes of the therapeutic components or the individual, or other such determinants. Techniques for apportioning resources cost-effectively (between providers and other parties, e.g.) and for facilitating or handling implementations thereof or output therefrom. | 10-18-2012 |
20120265547 | Cost-effective resource apportionment technologies suitable for facilitating therapies - Configuration technologies for apportioning resources and communicating indications of potential or actual incentives based on one or more measurements or other objective indications that therapeutic components have been administered to an individual, other attributes of the therapeutic components or the individual, or other such determinants. Techniques for apportioning resources cost-effectively (between providers and other parties, e.g.) and for facilitating or handling implementations thereof or output therefrom. | 10-18-2012 |
20120265548 | Cost-effective resource apportionment technologies suitable for facilitating therapies - Configuration technologies for apportioning resources and communicating indications of potential or actual incentives based on one or more measurements or other objective indications that therapeutic components have been administered to an individual, other attributes of the therapeutic components or the individual, or other such determinants. Techniques for apportioning resources cost-effectively (between providers and other parties, e.g.) and for facilitating or handling implementations thereof or output therefrom. | 10-18-2012 |
20120265591 | Cost-effective resource apportionment technologies suitable for facilitating therapies - Configuration technologies for apportioning resources and communicating indications of potential or actual incentives based on one or more measurements or other objective indications that therapeutic components have been administered to an individual, other attributes of the therapeutic components or the individual, or other such determinants. Techniques for apportioning resources cost-effectively (between providers and other parties, e.g.) and for facilitating or handling implementations thereof or output therefrom. | 10-18-2012 |
Gyu Eob Hwang, Duluth, GA US
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20120155840 | FAN HEATER APPLYING A CARBON FIBER RIBBON SECURED IN EACH HEATING CARTRIDGE - A fan heater includes a main body having a suction port provided at a lower side thereof and a hot-air outlet port provided at an upper side thereof, blower provided below the hot-air outlet port within the main body, a plurality of heating cartridge holders provided on in the main body, a plurality of heating cartridges, each of the heating cartridges configured to be secured to each of the heating cartridge holders and to heat air flowing into the main body through the suction port, a carbon fiber ribbon provided in each of the heating cartridges, and an interior housing that guides the air introduced through the suction port to the hot-air outlet port. | 06-21-2012 |
Hana Hwang, College Park, MD US
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20110039213 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PHOTOLITHOGRAPHIC FABRICATION WITH RESOLUTION FAR BELOW THE DIFFRACTION LIMIT - A method and system for photolithography is provided. The system includes a photoresist comprising a photoinitiator and a prepolymer resin. The system further includes a first light source operable to generate at least a first beam of light which is focused on a first area of the photoresist. The first beam of light is configured to excite the photoinitiator. The system further includes a second light source operable to generate at least a second beam of light which is focused on a second area of the photoresist, the second beam of light configured to deactivate at least temporarily the photoinitiator excited by the first beam of light. The first area and second area overlap at least partially. A time difference of at least 10 ns exists between the photoinitiator being excited by the first beam of light and the photoinitiator initiating polymerization. | 02-17-2011 |
Ha-Soo Hwang US
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20120080059 | ETCHING, CLEANING AND DRYING METHODS USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUID AND CHAMBER SYSTEMS USING THESE METHODS - Provided herein are etching, cleaning and drying methods using a supercritical fluid, and a chamber system for conducting the same. The etching method includes etching the material layer using a supercritical carbon dioxide in which an etching chemical is dissolved, and removing an etching by-product created from a reaction between the material layer and the etching chemical using a supercritical carbon dioxide in which a cleaning chemical is dissolved. Methods of manufacturing a semiconductor device are also provided. | 04-05-2012 |
20120085495 | ETCHING, CLEANING AND DRYING METHODS USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUID AND CHAMBER SYSTEMS USING THESE METHODS - Provided herein are etching, cleaning and drying methods using a supercritical fluid, and a chamber system for conducting the same. The etching method includes etching the material layer using a supercritical carbon dioxide in which an etching chemical is dissolved, and removing an etching by-product created from a reaction between the material layer and the etching chemical using a supercritical carbon dioxide in which a cleaning chemical is dissolved. Methods of manufacturing a semiconductor device are also provided. | 04-12-2012 |
Insoo Hwang, San Diego, CA US
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20120238272 | MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH ADAPTIVE HANDOFF MECHANISM AND METHOD OF OPERATION THEREOF - A method of operation of a mobile telecommunication system includes: measuring a measured target power and a measured server power; predicting a future target power and a future server power for a prediction tap number from when the measured target power and the measured server power are measured; computing an estimation error and a prediction error associated with the future target power and the future server power; determining a handoff hysteresis level based on the estimation error and the prediction error; and sending a handoff trigger for transferring a mobile station from a server station to a target station when the future target power minus both the future server power and the handoff hysteresis level is greater than zero. | 09-20-2012 |
20130065581 | MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH NOISE RATIO ESTIMATION MECHANISM AND METHOD OF OPERATION THEREOF - A method of operation of a mobile telecommunication system includes: measuring a received reference power; removing a guard portion from the received reference power; determining a noise variance estimate from both a noise region of the received reference power and a noise sample in a signal region of the received reference power, or calculating a dispersion power of a noise region of the received reference power and determining the noise variance estimate based on at least a dispersion power; and calculating a signal to noise ratio from the noise variance estimate for adjusting a receiver device. | 03-14-2013 |
20130150053 | COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH ADAPTIVE HANDOVER CONTROLLER AND METHOD OF OPERATION THEREOF - A method of operation of a communication system includes: estimating a channel; calculating a predicted signal within the channel; evaluating a prediction accuracy of the predicted signal; and adjusting a handoff parameter when the prediction accuracy of the predicted signal is within a threshold range for communicating through a mobile station. | 06-13-2013 |
20140094164 | ITERATIVE COORDINATED BEAMFORMING SYSTEMS AND METHODS - Methods in a multiple-cell cellular network that implements iterative coordinated beamforming (I-CBF) algorithms with limited cooperation from adjacent nodes (base stations and/or mobile stations) may jointly determine transmit beamforming vectors and receive combining vectors to increase sum throughput. The transmit beamforming vectors and receive combining vectors can be determined based on a performance metric, such as by maximizing SINR (signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio) for each mobile station in the network, maximizing SLNR (signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio) for each base station in the network, or minimizing SMSE (sum mean square error). The algorithms may be performed to update vectors synchronously. In other cases, the algorithms may be performed to update vectors asynchronously. | 04-03-2014 |
20150043437 | AVOIDING SUSPENDED TRANSMISSION DURING NETWORK LISTEN FOR SMALL CELL BASE STATIONS - Techniques for compensating for self-induced interference in a small cell base station are provided. The techniques include detecting control signals from a neighboring base station associated with a wireless communication network, the control signals being transmitted by the neighboring base station at predetermined intervals, and compensating for self-induced interference caused by a transmitter of the small cell base station transmitting during the predetermined intervals in which control signals are received from the neighboring base station and the transmitter of the small cell base station is transmitting data. | 02-12-2015 |
20150065064 | ACTIVE INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION IN ANALOG DOMAIN - A method of performing interference cancellation (IC) in a communication device having a plurality of transmitters and a plurality of receivers includes detecting a co-existence issue between a first transmitter and a first receiver; selecting the first transmitter for providing an input signal to IC circuit; selecting the first receiver, wherein each of the receivers has a corresponding filter, the first receiver having a filter for filtering a signal received by the first receiver to provide a first filtered signal; configuring the IC circuit based on parameters of the co-existence issue; generating an output signal based on the input signal and the parameters; selecting a filter, based on the filter of the first receiver, the selected filter configured to filter the output signal to provide a second filtered signal; and generating a cancellation signal based on the first and second filtered signals. | 03-05-2015 |
Jack Hwang, Portland, OR US
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20080242117 | APPARATUS TO REDUCE WAFER EDGE TEMPERATURE AND BREAKAGE OF WAFERS - In some embodiments radiation incident on a wafer is provided to perform an annealing process, and the wafer is cooled at an edge portion to reduce temperature and stress on the wafer. Other embodiments are described and claimed. | 10-02-2008 |
20090020825 | Forming dual metal complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuits - Complementary metal oxide semiconductor metal gate transistors may be formed by depositing a metal layer in trenches formerly inhabited by patterned gate structures. The patterned gate structures may have been formed of polysilicon in one embodiment. The metal layer may have a workfunction most suitable for forming one type of transistor, but is used to form both the n and p-type transistors. The workfunction of the metal layer may be converted, for example, by ion implantation to make it more suitable for use in forming transistors of the opposite type. | 01-22-2009 |
20090152601 | Strained NMOS transistor featuring deep carbon doped regions and raised donor doped source and drain - Some embodiments of the present invention include providing carbon doped regions and raised source/drain regions to provide tensile stress in NMOS transistor channels. | 06-18-2009 |
20090323759 | Temperature measurement with reduced extraneous infrared in a processing chamber - Temperature measurement using a pyrometer in a processing chamber is described. The extraneous light received by the pyrometer is reduced. In one example, a photodetector is used to measure the intensity of light within the processing chamber at a defined wavelength. A temperature circuit is used to convert the measured light intensity to a temperature signal, and a doped optical window between a heat source and a workpiece inside processing chamber is used to absorb light at the defined wavelength directed at the workpiece from the heat source. | 12-31-2009 |
20090325392 | SUB-SECOND ANNEALING PROCESSES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES - An annealing method and apparatus for semiconductor manufacturing is described. The method and apparatus allows an anneal that can span a thermal budget and be tailored to a specific process and its corresponding activation energy. In some cases, the annealing method spans a timeframe from about 1 millisecond to about 1 second. An example for this annealing method includes a sub-second anneal method where a reduction in the formation of nickel pipes is achieved during salicide processing. In some cases, the method and apparatus combine the rapid heating rate of a sub-second anneal with a thermally conductive substrate to provide quick cooling for a silicon wafer. Thus, the thermal budget of the sub-second anneal methods may span the range from conventional RTP anneals to flash annealing processes (including duration of the anneal, as well as peak temperature). Other embodiments are described. | 12-31-2009 |
20110068403 | STRAINED NMOS TRANSISTOR FEATURING DEEP CARBON DOPED REGIONS AND RAISED DONOR DOPED SOURCE AND DRAIN - Some embodiments of the present invention include providing carbon doped regions and raised source/drain regions to provide tensile stress in NMOS transistor channels. | 03-24-2011 |
20110147804 | Drive current enhancement in tri-gate MOSFETS by introduction of compressive metal gate stress using ion implantation - A semiconductor device comprises a fin and a metal gate film. The fin is formed on a surface of a semiconductor material. The metal gate film formed on the fin and comprises ions implanted in the metal gate film to form a compressive stress within the metal gate. In one exemplary embodiment, the surface of the semiconductor material comprises a (100) crystalline lattice orientation, and an orientation of the fin is along a <100> direction with respect to the crystalline lattice of the semiconductor. In another exemplary embodiment, the surface of the semiconductor material comprises a (100) crystalline lattice orientation, and the orientation of the fin is along a <110> direction with respect to the crystalline lattice of the semiconductor. The fin comprises an out-of-plane compression that is generated by the compressive stress within the metal gate film. | 06-23-2011 |
20110147831 | METHOD FOR REPLACEMENT METAL GATE FILL - An exemplary embodiment of a method for forming a gate for a planar-type or a finFET-type transistor comprises forming a gate trench that includes an interior surface. A first work-function metal is formed on the interior surface of the gate trench, and a low-resistivity material is deposited on the first work-function metal using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique, or an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, or combinations thereof. Another exemplary embodiment provides that a second work-function metal is formed on the first work-function metal, and then the low-resistivity material is deposited on the first work-function metal using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique, or an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, or combinations thereof. | 06-23-2011 |
20110156107 | Self-aligned contacts - A transistor comprises a substrate, a pair of spacers on the substrate, a gate dielectric layer on the substrate and between the pair of spacers, a gate electrode layer on the gate dielectric layer and between the pair of spacers, an insulating cap layer on the gate electrode layer and between the pair of spacers, and a pair of diffusion regions adjacent to the pair of spacers. The insulating cap layer forms an etch stop structure that is self aligned to the gate and prevents the contact etch from exposing the gate electrode, thereby preventing a short between the gate and contact. The insulator-cap layer enables self-aligned contacts, allowing initial patterning of wider contacts that are more robust to patterning limitations. | 06-30-2011 |
20130178033 | SELF-ALIGNED CONTACTS - A transistor comprises a substrate, a pair of spacers on the substrate, a gate dielectric layer on the substrate and between the pair of spacers, a gate electrode layer on the gate dielectric layer and between the pair of spacers, an insulating cap layer on the gate electrode layer and between the pair of spacers, and a pair of diffusion regions adjacent to the pair of spacers. The insulating cap layer forms an etch stop structure that is self aligned to the gate and prevents the contact etch from exposing the gate electrode, thereby preventing a short between the gate and contact. The insulator-cap layer enables self-aligned contacts, allowing initial patterning of wider contacts that are more robust to patterning limitations. | 07-11-2013 |
20140151817 | SELF-ALIGNED CONTACTS - A transistor comprises a substrate, a pair of spacers on the substrate, a gate dielectric layer on the substrate and between the pair of spacers, a gate electrode layer on the gate dielectric layer and between the pair of spacers, an insulating cap layer on the gate electrode layer and between the pair of spacers, and a pair of diffusion regions adjacent to the pair of spacers. The insulating cap layer forms an etch stop structure that is self aligned to the gate and prevents the contact etch from exposing the gate electrode, thereby preventing a short between the gate and contact. The insulator-cap layer enables self-aligned contacts, allowing initial patterning of wider contacts that are more robust to patterning limitations. | 06-05-2014 |
James Hwang, Bethlehem, PA US
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20120193685 | RF-MEMS Capacitive Switches With High Reliability - A reliable long life RF-MEMS capacitive switch is provided with a dielectric layer comprising a “fast discharge diamond dielectric layer” and enabling rapid switch recovery, dielectric layer charging and discharging that is efficient and effective to enable RF-MEMS switch operation to greater than or equal to 100 billion cycles. | 08-02-2012 |
James C.m. Hwang, Bethlehem, PA US
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20110006847 | HIGH-VOLTAGE IMPULSE AMPLIFIER - A circuit includes a first transistor in a common-collector configuration and a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) in a common-emitter configuration. The first transistor has a base coupled to an input node for receiving a pulsed signal. A collector of the first transistor is coupled to a first voltage source node. A base of the HBT is coupled to an emitter of the first transistor. A collector of the HBT is coupled to a second voltage source node configured to bias the HBT normally off. The HBT operating isothermally when the pulsed signal has a short-pulse width and a low duty cycle. The first transistor drives the HBT when the pulsed signal is received at the base of the first transistor to output an amplified pulsed signal at the collector of the HBT. | 01-13-2011 |
Jeeseong Hwang, Gaithersburg, MD US
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20110086338 | Bacteriophage/Quantum-Dot (Phage-QD) Nanocomplex to Detect Biological Targets in Clinical and Environmental Isolates - The invention is related to a non-biotinylated bacteriophage that comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a biotinylation domain, a complex that comprises a biotinylated bacteriophage and a biotin-specific ligand conjugated bioconjugate, and a method of detecting a bacterial cell in a sample comprising contacting the sample with a non-biotinylated bacteriophage that comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a biotinylation domain, wherein the bacteriophage is specific to the bacterial cell. | 04-14-2011 |
20140072770 | Multilayered Phantom Tissue Test Structure and Fabrication Process - A multilayered optical tissue phantom fabrication approach and inherently produced test target structure which address the issues of optical conformity known in the art by controlling the formation of micrometer scale monolayers embedded with light-scattering microspheres. | 03-13-2014 |
Jeeseong C. Hwang, Gaithersburg, MD US
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20120132891 | PRECISION QUANTUM DOT CLUSTERS - Precision quantum dot clusters and methods for producing and tuning quantum dot clusters are described herein. Also described herein are materials and devices, including photovoltaic devices, that may include one or more quantum dot clusters. | 05-31-2012 |
Jennie S. Hwang, Moreland Hills, OH US
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20120222893 | LEAD-FREE SOLDER COMPOSITION - A solder composition includes about 4% to about 25% by weight tin, about 0.1% to about 8% by weight antimony, about 0.03% to about 4% by weight copper, about 0.03% to about 4% by weight nickel, about 66% to about 90% by weight indium, and about 0.5% to about 9% by weight silver. The composition can further include about 0.2% to about 6% by weight zinc, and, independently, about 0.01% to about 0.3% by weight germanium. The composition can be used to solder an electrical connector to an electrical contact surface on a glass component. | 09-06-2012 |
20140271343 | LEAD-FREE SOLDER COMPOSITION - A solder composition includes about 4% to about 25% by weight tin, about 0.1% to about 8% by weight antimony, about 0.03% to about 4% by weight copper, about 0.03% to about 4% by weight nickel, about 66% to about 90% by weight indium, and about 0.5% to about 9% by weight silver. The composition can further include about 0.2% to about 6% by weight zinc, and, independently, about 0.01% to about 0.3% by weight germanium. The composition can be used to solder an electrical connector to an electrical contact surface on a glass component. | 09-18-2014 |
Jeong-Hyon Hwang, East Providence, RI US
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20080306888 | STOCHASTIC CONTROL OPTIMIZATION FOR SENDER-BASED FLOW CONTROL IN A DISTRIBUTED STATEFUL MESSAGING SYSTEM - A method and system for controlling message flow in distributed stream processing. State transition probabilities in a Markov model having one state per staleness value of data are determined for sending or withholding updates of data to subscribers using expected message rates from an information provider. A cost function annotates each state transition in the model with a state transition cost for each decision to “send” or “withhold”. A propagation policy specifying whether to send or withhold the message is determined for each state. The propagation policy is then deployed. If a new message comprising an update of data is received during a lapsed time unit, a staleness value of the data held by subscribers is increased. The propagation policy is used to determine whether to send or withhold the message. If the message should be sent, the message is propagated and the staleness value of the data is reset. | 12-11-2008 |
Jeong-Mo Hwang, Colorado Springs, CO US
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20090168517 | Read and volatile NV standby disturb - A method of operating a nonvolatile memory circuit having a plurality of transistors arranged in series between a voltage/current source node and recall sink node includes asserting a gate bias on an isolation transistor between the source node and a charge storage transistor during nonvolatile STANDBY. | 07-02-2009 |
Jeong-Mo Hwang, San Jose, CA US
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20120024336 | CHARGE CONTROL OF SOLAR CELL PASSIVATION LAYERS - The present invention relates to the charge control of the front and back passivation layers of a solar cell, which allows a common passivation material to be used on both the front and back surfaces of a solar cell. A solar cell according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises an emitter and a base. The cell further includes a first passivation layer adjacent the emitter, the first passivation layer having a charge. The cell also includes a second passivation layer adjacent the base, the second passivation layer having a charge opposite to the charge of the first passivation layer, wherein the first passivation layer and the second passivation layer include a common passivation material. The first and second passivation layers can include any suitable dielectric material capable of holding either a positive or a negative charge, and each of the first and second passivation layers can be charged at any suitable point during manufacture of the cell, including during or after deposition of the passivation layer(s). | 02-02-2012 |
20130133578 | SYSTEMS FOR CHARGING SOLAR CELL LAYERS - Systems and methods of the present invention can be used to charge a charge-holding layer (such as a passivation layer and/or antireflective layer) of a solar cell with a positive or negative charge as desired. The charge-holding layer(s) of such a cell can include any suitable dielectric material capable of holding either a negative or a positive charge, and can be charged at any suitable point during manufacture of the cell, including during or after deposition of the passivation layer(s). | 05-30-2013 |
Jeoung Yeon Hwang, Kent, OH US
Patent application number | Description | Published |
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20100002177 | LIQUID CRYSTAL ALIGNMENT USING INKJET PRINTED POLYMERS - A method of preparing liquid crystal alignment films using an inkjet printer to control liquid crystal alignment is disclosed. The alignment ink is formulated from a single alignment material or combination of alignment materials to realize desired pretilt angle. The alignment films can be applied with designed patterns of alignment films of different pretilt angle on at least one substrate to achieve pattern-aligned liquid crystal devices. | 01-07-2010 |
20110007260 | Liquid crystal composition and device thereof - The invention provides a liquid crystal (LC) composition, a LC cell thereof, and a LC device thereof. The LC composition comprises (i) a mixture of two or more nematic liquid crystals, and (ii) at least one chiral dopant. The mixture of the liquid crystals can exist in a blue phase within a temperature range of from about 12-60° C. such as 21-28° C. The LC device can be a blue phase mode liquid crystal display (HPLCD) based on such a room-temperature blue phase LC. The HPLCD requires no alignment, and it exhibits merits such as a fast switching time (e.g. sub-millisecond), a low switching voltage and a large field-induced birefringence, among others. | 01-13-2011 |
20130321754 | Fumed Metal-Oxide Gel-Dispersed Blue-Phase Liquid Crystals and Devices Thereof - The present invention comprises a fumed metal-oxide gel, such as fumed silica gel, that is dispersed into a blue-phase liquid crystal. Adding the fumed silica nanoparticles in blue-phase media leads to the broadening of the blue-phase temperature range and reduces the switching voltage. Additionally, the polarity-controlled nanoparticles of the fumed silica enable the stabilization of thermal-sensitive Bragg reflection property of the blue-phase liquid crystals, which allows their use in active optical elements and fast-switching LCDs. | 12-05-2013 |
20140002781 | SURFACE-STABILIZED IPS LCD | 01-02-2014 |
Jim Hwang, Danville, CA US
Patent application number | Description | Published |
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20120099264 | PORTABLE COMPUTING DEVICE - A portable computing device includes at least a base portion of a lightweight material that includes at least a wedge shaped top case having a trough formed at an interfacing edge thereof. The trough includes a raised portion having a first contact surface and a receiving area, and a bottom case coupled to the top case to form a complete housing for at least a portion of the portable computing device for enclosing at least a plurality of operational components and a plurality of structural components. The portable computing device also includes at least a lid portion pivotally connected to the base portion by a hinge assembly. In the described embodiments, the lid portion has a display in communication with one or more of the plurality of components in the base portion by way of or more electrical conductors that electrically connect the base portion to the lid portion. | 04-26-2012 |
20130003280 | PORTABLE COMPUTING DEVICE - A portable computing device includes at least a base portion of a lightweight material that includes at least a wedge shaped top case having a trough formed at an interfacing edge thereof. The trough includes a raised portion having a first contact surface and a receiving area, and a bottom case coupled to the top case to form a complete housing for at least a portion of the portable computing device for enclosing at least a plurality of operational components and a plurality of structural components. The portable computing device also includes at least a lid portion pivotally connected to the base portion by a hinge assembly. In the described embodiments, the lid portion has a display in communication with one or more of the plurality of components in the base portion by way of or more electrical conductors that electrically connect the base portion to the lid portion. | 01-03-2013 |
20130328521 | EXTERNAL BATTERY-MANAGEMENT MODULE - A power supply for use in a portable electronic device is described. This power supply includes battery cells in separate locations that are electrically coupled by a power bus to a battery-management circuit board, which includes an integrated circuit with control logic that monitors the battery cells and that regulates charging and discharging of the battery cells. The battery cells are not enclosed in a common battery-pack housing so that the battery cells are mechanically separate from each other. Moreover, the battery-management circuit board is external to the battery cells and is not enclosed in the battery-pack housing. By excluding the battery-pack housing from the power supply, there may be more space available to expand the sizes, and thus the total capacities, of the battery cells. | 12-12-2013 |
20130330975 | CABLELESS BATTERY INTEGRATION - An interposer for electrically coupling a battery-management circuit board in a power supply and a motherboard is described. The interposer includes: a substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface; first spring connectors, disposed on the top surface, which electrically couple to the battery-management circuit board; and second spring connectors, disposed on the bottom surface and electrically coupled to the first spring connectors, which electrically couple to the motherboard. Spring connectors in a first subset of the first and second spring connectors that convey power signals have a first vertical height, and spring connectors in a second subset of the first and second spring connectors that convey monitoring signals for the power supply have a second, smaller vertical height. In this way, the first subset is activated before the second subset is activated, thereby ensuring that an electrical path for the power signals is established first. | 12-12-2013 |
Jin Hyun Hwang, Dunwoody, GA US
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20100103639 | Ferroelectrics and ferromagnetics for noise isolation in integrated circuits, packaging, and system architectures - Disclosed are ferroelectric and ferromagnetic noise isolation structures that reduce electromagnetic interference and noise in integrated circuit devices and system architectures. Representative structures comprise two or more devices that are vertically disposed relative to one another, and a thin ferroelectric or ferromagnetic film layer disposed between the respective devices that isolates electromagnetic energy coupling from one device to another. | 04-29-2010 |
Jinwoo Hwang, Morrisville, NC US
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20080320449 | DETECTING MEMORY LEAKS - Methods of detecting a memory leak may include identifying a largest ChildNode of a ParentNode, and comparing a total size of the ParentNode to a total size of the largest ChildNode of the ParentNode. If the total size of the ParentNode is significantly larger than the total size of the largest ChildNode of the ParentNode, a possible memory leak area may be identified. Related systems and computer program products are also discussed. | 12-25-2008 |
John Hwang, La Verne, CA US
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20120176736 | Method and Apparatus for a Hinge - In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus comprises a flexible hinge comprising first and second layers; the first layer comprising an elastomer and the second layer comprising a composite fabric. | 07-12-2012 |
Jungyeon Hwang, Goleta, CA US
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20120088848 | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR CONTROLLED POLYPEPTIDE SYNTHESIS - Methods and compositions for the generation of polypeptides having varied material properties are disclosed herein. Methods include means for initiating the polymerization of aminoacid-N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) monomer by combining the monomer with an amido-containing metallacycle, for making self assembling amphiphilic block copolypeptides and related protocols for adding oligo(ethyleneglycol) functionalized aminoacid-N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) to polyaminoacid chains. Additional methods include means of adding an end group to the carboxy terminus of a polyaminoacid chain by reacting an alloc-protected amino acid amide with a transition metal-donor ligand complex to forming an amido-amidate metallacycle for use in further polymerization reactions. Novel compositions for use in peptide synthesis and design including five and six membered amido-containing metallacycles and block copolypeptides are also disclosed. | 04-12-2012 |
Kevin Hwang, Las Vegas, NV US
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20110282724 | Reward Based Interactive Kiosk Advertising - A method of subsidizing purchases through consumer participation in interactive advertising at the kiosk includes providing a user an option to receive a subsidy towards a kiosk purchase, a promotional coupon, or a reward voucher in exchange for viewing an advertisement and participating in a corresponding survey. After presenting the advertisement and survey to the user, the kiosk provides a reward to the user at the kiosk or at a participating vendor. | 11-17-2011 |
Ki-Hyun Hwang US
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20110045647 | METHODS OF FORMING NON-VOLATILE MEMORY DEVICES - A non-volatile memory device includes a dielectric layer between a charge storage layer and a substrate. Free bonds of the dielectric layer can be reduced to reduce/prevent charges from leaking through the free bonds and/or from being trapped by the free bonds. As a result, data retention properties and/or durability of a non-volatile memory device may be enhanced. | 02-24-2011 |
20120276696 | VERTICAL STRUCTURE NON-VOLATILE MEMORY DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME - A vertical structure non-volatile memory device in which a gate dielectric layer is prevented from protruding toward a substrate; a resistance of a ground selection line (GSL) electrode is reduced so that the non-volatile memory device is highly integrated and has improved reliability, and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The method includes: sequentially forming a polysilicon layer and an insulating layer on a silicon substrate; forming a gate dielectric layer and a channel layer through the polysilicon layer and the insulating layer, the gate dielectric layer and the channel layer extending in a direction perpendicular to the silicon substrate; forming an opening for exposing the silicon substrate, through the insulating layer and the polysilicon layer; removing the polysilicon layer exposed through the opening, by using a halogen-containing reaction gas at a predetermined temperature; and filling a metallic layer in the space formed by removing the polysilicon layer. | 11-01-2012 |
Ki-Oh Hwang, Cedar Rapids, IA US
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20090099347 | CHITOSAN PRODUCTION - The invention provides a method of producing chitosan using pressures greater than 0 PSIG. The invention also provides fungal chitosan compositions. | 04-16-2009 |
Kiuchul Hwang, Amherst, NH US
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20100244105 | TRANSISTORS HAVING TEMPERATURE STABLE SCHOTTKY CONTACT METALS - A semiconductor structure having: a semiconductor comprising a indium gallium phosphide and molybdenum metal in Schottky contact with the semiconductor. | 09-30-2010 |
20110053336 | METHOD FOR SELECTIVE DEPOSITION OF DIELECTRIC LAYERS ON SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES - A method for forming a capacitor and a transistor device on different surface portions of a semiconductor structure includes forming a passivation dielectric layer for the device; forming a bottom electrode for the capacitor; forming a removable layer extending over the bottom electrode and over the passivation dielectric layer with a window therein, such window exposing said bottom electrode; depositing a capacitor dielectric layer of the same or different material as the passivation dielectric layer over the removable layer with first portions passing through the window onto the exposed bottom electrode and second portions being over the removable layer, the thickness of the deposited layer being different from the thickness of the passivation layer; removing the removable layer with the second portions thereon while leaving said first portions on the bottom electrode; and forming a top electrode for the capacitor on the second portions remaining on the bottom electrode. | 03-03-2011 |
20120273852 | TRANSISTORS HAVING TEMPERATURE STABLE SCHOTTKY CONTACT METALS - A semiconductor structure having: a semiconductor comprising a indium gallium phosphide and molybdenum metal in Schottky contact with the semiconductor. | 11-01-2012 |
Kuangwei Hwang, Los Angeles, CA US
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20120239478 | Systems and Methods for Employee Rewards - Vendor information relating to a plurality of vendors is transmitted to an employer. The vendor information of each vendor includes a respective offering of the vendor, including a description and cost of the offering. A selection of a respective offering of a vendor is received from the employer, including a co-payment amount the employer is willing to contribute. A benefits package is created including the selected offering and the co-payment amount. An invitation to participate in the benefits package is transmitted to an employee of the employer. An acceptance of the invitation to participate in the benefits package is received from the employee. The employer is charged the co-payment amount and the employee is charged an amount equal to the cost of the offering net of the co-payment amount and an order for the offering is created on behalf of the employee. | 09-20-2012 |
Kwan-Ki Hwang, Durham, NC US
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20110236373 | Method of detecting antibodies and antibody-hiv virion complexes - The present invention relates, in general, to HIV and, in particular to a method of detecting anti-HIV antibodies and antibody-HIV virion complexes. | 09-29-2011 |
20120321699 | METHOD OF INDUCING THE PRODUCTION OF PROTECTIVE ANTI-HIV-1 ANTIBODIES - The present invention relates, in general, to an immunogen for HIV vaccination and, in particular, to a method of inducing the production of protective anti-HIV antibodies by targeting B cell germline and clone intermediates using a combination of HIV envelope and non-HIV immunogens. The invention also relates to compositions suitable for use in such a method. | 12-20-2012 |
20130029424 | METHOD FOR THE GENERATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES DERIVED FROM HUMAN B CELLS - The present invention relates, in general, to human B cells, and, in particular to a method of immortalizing and cloning human B cells and to monoclonal antibodies derived therefrom. The invention further relates to methods of using the monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. | 01-31-2013 |
Kwan-Ki Hwang, Chapel Hill, NC US
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20110236393 | MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY PRODUCTION IN B CELLS AND USES THEROF - The presently disclosed subject matter provides methods of inhibiting a host innate response to activator-mediated proliferative signals in a primary B cell. In some embodiments a method is provided for immortalized primary B cells. In some embodiments a method is provided for increasing efficiency of EBV transformation of primary B cells. In some embodiments a method is provided for increasing proliferation of primary B cells in culture. In some embodiments a method is provided for producing a monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments a method is provided for identifying a novel broadly neutralizing antibody having a desired antigen specificity. Also provided are antibodies produced according the methods of the presently disclosed subject matter. | 09-29-2011 |
Lk Hwang, Columbus, IN US
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20110139136 | TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING AFTERTREATMENT REGENERATION CAPABILITY - A system is provided for enhancing aftertreatment regeneration capability. The system includes an internal combustion engine producing an exhaust gas stream and an aftertreatment component that treats the exhaust gas stream, where the aftertreatment component includes a desired inlet exhaust gas temperature. The system includes an exhaust gas pressure device that modulates an exhaust pressure value, and a fuel injection system that provides a post-injection event. The system includes a controller that provides an exhaust pressure command and a fuel injection command in response to determining that a temperature of the exhaust gas stream is lower than the desired inlet exhaust gas temperature. The exhaust gas pressure device is responsive to the exhaust pressure command and the fuel injection system is responsive to the fuel injection command. | 06-16-2011 |
20110146270 | TECHNIQUES FOR OPTIMIZING ENGINE OPERATIONS DURING AFTERTREATMENT REGENERATION - A system is described for producing an elevated exhaust temperature and reduced NO | 06-23-2011 |
Long-Kung Hwang, Columbus, IN US
Margaret J. Hwang, Burtonville, MD US
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20120238920 | REHABILITATIVE APPARATUS FOR TREATING REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY - The apparatus provides active and passive exercise to the hand and wrist of a patient afflicted with the symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. The apparatus employs a hand or wrist glove to be worn by the patient's affected hand, the back of which is attached through an arm to a central post and the distal portion encasing the fingers, is attached to a vertical handle, which is rotated about the post, serving as the axis of rotation. A torque sensor is coupled to the motor shaft to measure the degree of patient input from a programmed speed and force rate by sensing the active input of the patient and reducing the motor input to the cycle allowing the patient to “drive” the exercise. | 09-20-2012 |
Mina Hwang, Coral Springs, FL US
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20090156053 | Electrical power apparatus with retractable cords and moveable sockets - An electrical power apparatus is provided, the apparatus comprises: a housing comprising a top portion, a bottom portion and side walls creating an external surface generally perpendicular to said top and bottom portions and an internal cavity, said housing having at least one slot situated at the top portion and at least one indentation situated on said side walls, the indentation is situated adjacent to the slot; and at least one socket component connected to an extendable cord, the socket component is situated within the indentation of the housing at a first position generally perpendicular to the top or bottom portion of the housing and moveable to the slot of the housing at a second position generally parallel to the top or bottom portion of the housing. | 06-18-2009 |
20100261376 | Electrical power apparatus with flat retractable cords and spools - A surge protector apparatus is provided, the apparatus comprises: a housing comprising a top portion, a bottom portion and side walls creating an external surface generally perpendicular to the top and bottom portions and an internal cavity; at least one surge protector and at least one spool situated within the internal cavity of the housing; and at least one extendable and retractable cord having opposing ends, at least one socket component is directly attached to one end of the cord, and the opposing end of the cord is attached to a portion of the spool, and the cord has at least one flat side surface, and the flat surface of the cord contacting a portion of the spool during a retracted position. | 10-14-2010 |
Mingfong F. Hwang, Phoenix, AZ US
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20090087307 | REDUCED PRESSURE LOAD FINGER SEAL ASSEMBLY - A sealing assembly for achieving a fluid seal between a rotatable shaft and a housing circumscribing the rotatable shaft to inhibit fluid leakage therebetween a high pressure fluid region and a relatively lower pressure fluid region. The sealing assembly includes at least one primary seal, comprising an axial stack of a plurality of diaphragm members, including an upstream diaphragm and a downstream diaphragm. A plurality of finger seal plates are positioned between the upstream diaphragm and the downstream diaphragm. The plurality of diaphragm members define a passageway in fluid communication with the high pressure fluid region and a low pressure fluid region. The sealing assembly includes at least one secondary seal positioned within the passageway and configured to convert fluid from a high pressure axial pressure balance to a low pressure axial pressure balance thereby reducing a radially inward pressure load. | 04-02-2009 |
Ming-Shih Hwang, Danbury, CT US
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20120315279 | COMPOSITIONS AND METHOD OF MODULATING GROWTH FACTOR FUNCTION - A method of modulating growth factor responses of cells expressing C3a receptor (C3aR) and C5a receptor (C5aR) and at least one growth factor receptor includes administering to the cells at least one agent that modulates C3aR and/or C5aR signaling of the cells. | 12-13-2012 |
Minsook Hwang, Davis, CA US
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20120045818 | Plant-Based Production of Heterologous Proteins - Described herein are viral amplicon-based protein expression systems and methods useful for producing heterologous proteins, such as enzymes, by agroinfiltration. The methods involve producing an | 02-23-2012 |
Moon-Sang Hwang US
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20120256972 | DISPLAY DEVICE AND METHOD OF DRIVING THE SAME - A display device is disclosed. According to some aspects, the display device includes a display panel for displaying an image, data drivers for supplying data signals to the display panel such that the display panel displays an image, and a timing controller for setting the data drivers and 3n (where n is a natural number) ports. The display device is configured to transmit an R transmission signal including R data bits, a G transmission signal including G data bits, and a B transmission signal including B data bits to the data drivers through the 3n ports. According to some aspects, a display device capable of securing a band width required for driving a three dimensional image without unnecessarily increasing ports and without increasing the transmission speed of the ports and a method of driving the same are disclosed. | 10-11-2012 |
Paul Hwang, Solana Beach, CA US
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20120072752 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING POWER MANAGEMENT ENHANCEMENTS - A method and apparatus for providing power management enhancements. In an embodiment, the method comprises receiving an indication that the computing device is in a non-user-interactable state and powering down non-essential device components such that the computing device is configured to enter a low power state. In another embodiment, the method comprises selecting a duration for a battery life of the computing device and selecting a power profile for the computing device to ensure that the computing device operates for at least as long as the selected duration. In an embodiment, the apparatus comprises a computing device comprising means for providing battery power and means for altering a power profile of the computing device. | 03-22-2012 |
20130166698 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR EFFECTIVELY PROVIDING CONTENT TO CLIENT DEVICES IN AN ELECTRONIC NETWORK - A system and method for effectively supporting content distribution in an electronic network includes a content server and a peer-to-peer network of client devices. The content server stores content items received from a content provider. A recommendation engine of the content server creates a global recommendation list to identify an optimal global candidate from among the stored content items for performing an automatic and transparent content download procedure. The recommendation engine creates the global recommendation list by analyzing selectable content-ranking criteria from a plurality of device users of the client devices. The content server then downloads the optimal global candidate from the stored content items to one or more identified target devices during the content download procedure. | 06-27-2013 |
20140115106 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSFERRING FILES TO CLIENTS USING A PEER-TO-PEER FILE TRANSFER MODEL AND A CLIENT-SERVER TRANSFER MODEL - A method and apparatus is provided for delivering a content file to a client over a packet-switched network. The method begins by determining a suitable throughput required to deliver the content file to the client. Next, the throughput available in a peer-to-peer network for delivering the content file to the client is determined. The required throughput is compared to the available throughput. If the available throughput is less than the required throughput, the available throughput is supplemented with additional throughput. The content is then delivered to the client over the packet-switched network using the available throughput of the peer-to-peer network and the additional throughput. | 04-24-2014 |
Paul Hwang, San Diego, CA US
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20110282840 | DISTRIBUTED NETWORK BACKUP OF MULTIMEDIA FILES - Each of plural multimedia files desired to be backed up are transformed into vector representations and divided into segments, and the segments are sent to respective participating computers in a network as a means of backing up the files. The multimedia files can be recovered and may be reconstituted with less than 100% of the segments with minimal deleterious noticeability upon subsequent display of the content in the files. | 11-17-2011 |
20120041840 | HOT BUTTON FOR PERFORMANCE DIAGNOSTIC AND RECOMMENDATION - A hot button can be pressed to cause a computer to execute a series of diagnostic tests to identify the cause of poor computer performance. When a cause is determined a website address can be presented that a user can access to purchase goods or services to alleviate the cause, and billing information may be generated in response to presentation of the website. | 02-16-2012 |
20120089922 | Apparatus and method for effectively implementing system and desktop configuration enhancements - An apparatus for effectively implementing system and desktop configuration enhancements in an electronic device includes a user interface that a device user may utilize to interact with the electronic device. In accordance with the present invention, various appropriate means for enhancing the utilization capabilities of the user interface are implemented and supported. The electronic device further includes a processor device that is configured to control the means for enhancing the utilization capabilities of the user interface. | 04-12-2012 |
Paul Jin Hwang, Solana Beach, CA US
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20120039513 | LEVERAGING SOCIAL NETWORKING FOR MEDIA SHARING - Social media account UIs are disclosed to allow users to easily manage all social media accounts. Photos are automatically shared based on image recognition with social networking contacts appearing in the photos. Movies are automatically created from related social media clips, and videos can be generated by a user and uploaded to the user's social media accounts with a single click. | 02-16-2012 |
20120042035 | SIMPLIFIED ACTIVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF WIRELESS WIDE AREA NETWORK (WWAN) ACCOUNT - A computer establishes a wireless wide area network (WWAN) account simply by entering his telephone number in a user interface (UI) which is sent to an Internet server and correlated with the user's telephone account. A utility notes when a usage limitation for a period is approaching and in response disables wireless updates and automatically executes the updates when a landline connection is sensed. | 02-16-2012 |
20120081286 | ALERTING USER TO SHORTCUTS ON COMPUTER - Keypad keys having functions when they are pressed simultaneously with a meta key are backlit or bear indicia indicating the functions. A user interface (UI) can be presented indicating the functions of the keys. A row of special purpose keys user-programmable can be provided with each key invoking a respective application of service. | 04-05-2012 |
20130278604 | SUPER-RESOLUTION DIGITAL ZOOM - When a user selects digital zooming in a camera such as might be included in a wireless telephone or PDA, a series of images are automatically obtained and superimposed using super-resolution techniques to produce an improved digital zoom image transparently to the user. | 10-24-2013 |
20130342734 | SUPER-RESOLUTION DIGITAL ZOOM - When a user selects digital zooming in a camera such as might be included in a wireless telephone or PDA, a series of images are automatically obtained and superimposed using super-resolution techniques to produce an improved digital zoom image transparently to the user. | 12-26-2013 |
Paul Jin Hwang, San Diego, CA US
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20110215755 | INSULATED CHARGING MAT FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS (CE) DEVICE - A charging mat for recharging a consumer electronics (CE) device placed thereon. The mat has a flat charging surface configured for supporting the CE device and an insulating layer opposed to the charging surface and positionable on a support surface while the CE device is disposed on the charging surface. The insulating layer has an R-value of at least three ft | 09-08-2011 |
20110215969 | GPS-BASED CE DEVICE WIRELESS ACCESS POINT MAPPING - A CE device can incorporate a GPS receiver and can be moved around a building with wireless access point (AP) signal strengths recorded at various locations. The optimum AP location is selected on the basis of the location-to-signal strength correlations. | 09-08-2011 |
20120229341 | GPS-BASED CE DEVICE WIRELESS ACCESS POINT MAPPING - A CE device can incorporate a GPS receiver and can be moved around a building with wireless access point (AP) signal strengths recorded at various locations. The optimum AP location is selected on the basis of the location-to-signal strength correlations. | 09-13-2012 |
Peter Hwang, Newark, CA US
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20110154158 | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF ERROR CORRECTION OF CONTROL DATA AT A MEMORY DEVICE - A method includes initiating a compression operation to compress data to be stored in a group of storage elements at a memory device that includes an error correction coding (ECC) engine. The method includes selecting one of a first mode of the ECC engine to generate a first number of parity bits and a second mode of the ECC engine to generate a second number of parity bits based on an extent of compression of the data. The method also includes encoding the compressed data to generate parity bits corresponding to the compressed data and storing the compressed data and the parity bits to the group of storage elements according to a page format that includes a data portion and a parity portion. The compressed data is stored in the data portion and at least some of the parity bits are stored in the parity portion. | 06-23-2011 |
20110320686 | FRDY PULL-UP RESISTOR ACTIVATION - A method and apparatus for reducing power consumption during an operation in a non-volatile storage device is disclosed. A non-volatile storage device controller that is in communication with a non-volatile memory in the non-volatile storage device receives a characteristic corresponding to a time duration required for the non-volatile memory to complete an operation. The controller disables a circuit that indicates when an operation by the non-volatile memory is complete. The controller then initiates the operation in the non-volatile memory, and maintains the circuit in a disabled state for a first predetermined time that is a portion of the time duration. The controller enables the circuit upon expiration of the first predetermined time and prior to the completion of the operation. The controller receives an indication of the completion of the operation via the circuit. | 12-29-2011 |
Seung H. Hwang, Portland, OR US
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20110235445 | METHOD AND SYSTEM TO LOWER THE MINIMUM OPERATING VOLTAGE OF REGISTER FILES - A method and system to lower the minimum operating voltage of a register file without increasing the area of each bit cell of the register file. In one embodiment of the invention, the register file is coupled to logic that reduces the contention between the NMOS devices and the PMOS devices in each bit cell of the register file during write and/or read operations of the register file. By doing so, the register file is able to operate at a lower minimum operating voltage. | 09-29-2011 |
Steve I. Hwang, San Francisco, CA US
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20120024733 | PROTECTIVE ELEMENT AND SUPPORT STRUCTURE - A protective apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a protective element for positioning over at least a portion of a device to protect the device in a first configuration. A support structure integral with the protective element also forms part of the apparatus. The support structure is configured to support the device in a second configuration. In one arrangement, the protective element includes a first surface and a second surface in which the first surface is configured to be at least partially positioned over and to face the device in the first configuration. The second surface is positioned opposite to the first surface and is configured to be exposed to the environment external to the device in the first configuration. In another arrangement, the support structure includes a slot that runs along the second surface in which the slot is configured to receive the device in the second configuration. | 02-02-2012 |
Sung Chul Hwang US
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20100253886 | POLARIZING FILM INCLUDING ANTISTATIC COATING LAYER - A polarizing film, including a polarizer, a resin film as a base film, and an antistatic coating layer, the antistatic coating layer containing a cured mixture of a conductive polymer, a curable resin, a hydroxyacrylate compound, a cellulose compound, and a photopolymerization initiator. | 10-07-2010 |
Sungjun Hwang, Columbus, OH US
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20100203841 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR FOURIER-QUADRATIC BASIS CHANNEL ESTIMATION IN OFDMA SYSTEMS - Certain embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a Fourier-Quadratic (FQ) method for channel estimation that may help improve error rate performance of existing techniques, with only moderate increase in computational complexity. The proposed FQ scheme according to certain embodiments may provide a viable solution to the difficult channel estimation problem encountered in the Vehicular B channel with a long delay spread. Furthermore, a robustness of the proposed FQ channel estimation scheme to accommodate errors in a channel delay profile and to errors in a channel power profile is demonstrated through simulations. | 08-12-2010 |
Timothy H. Hwang, Philadelphia, PA US
Patent application number | Description | Published |
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20100056190 | Adaptive Antenna Weighting System for Wireless Local Area and Personal Area Networks - A method of providing signal coverage in a wireless network includes establishing communications between a first wireless access unit and a second wireless access unit. In response to a communications device, the first wireless access unit weighting factor is modified to provide the communications device with optimal signal coverage. The first radiation weighting factor is transmitted to the second wireless access unit, which modifies its own weighting factor to provide the communications device with sufficient signal coverage. | 03-04-2010 |
20100057340 | Networked Navigation System - A method of providing alternate route possibilities to a first vehicle operator using a first networked navigation device includes determining a first route between a starting position and a travel destination. An alternate route request is transmitted to a second networked navigation device for a portion of the route between the starting position and the travel destination. The alternate route is received from the second navigation device. The determined first route and the received alternate route are presented to the first vehicle operator, including usage data for the alternate route. | 03-04-2010 |
20100211304 | Personalized User Routing and Recommendations - Methods and systems of personalizing navigation for a user on a computer system are generally disclosed. Example methods and systems can be arranged for evaluating user observation data received from a navigation device remote from the computer system over a network includes receiving, at the computer system, the user observation data and a route request associated with the user. A user identity associated with the route request can be determined based at least in part on the received user observation data. One or more preferences can be evaluated to select a specific preference associated with the user identity. A route can be compiled, on a processing module, based at least in part on the specific preference. The compiled route can be provided over the network to the navigation device. | 08-19-2010 |
20100329192 | Wireless Network Access using an Adaptive Antenna Array - Techniques described herein generally relate to systems, devices and methods for determining a wireless access point for a communications device in a wireless network. In some examples, the communications device may be assigned to a default wireless access unit in response to a request from the communications device for wireless access, where the default wireless access unit may provide the communications device with wireless access. A default wireless access unit may be arranged to monitor the network activity of the communications device to determine if the network activity satisfies a pre-determined condition, where the communications device may be re-assigned to an adaptive wireless access unit when the pre-determined condition is satisfied. | 12-30-2010 |
Wen Jang Hwang, Fremont, CA US
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20110220505 | DROPLET MANIPULATIONS ON EWOD MICROELECTRODE ARRAY ARCHITECTURE - A method of manipulating droplet in a programmable EWOD microelectrode array comprising multiple microelectrodes, comprising: constructing a bottom plate with multiple microelectrodes on a top surface of a substrate covered by a dielectric layer; the microelectrode coupled to at least one grounding elements of a grounding mechanism, a hydrophobic layer on the top of the dielectric layer and the grounding elements; manipulating the multiple microelectrodes to configure a group of configured-electrodes to generate microfluidic components and layouts with selected shapes and sizes, comprising: a first configured-electrode with multiple microelectrodes arranged in array, and at least one second adjacent configured-electrode adjacent to the first configured-electrode, the droplet disposed on the top of the first configured-electrode and overlapped with a portion of the second adjacent-configured-electrode; and manipulating one or more droplets among multiple configured-electrodes by sequentially activating and de-activating one or more selected configured-electrodes to actuate droplets to move along selected route. | 09-15-2011 |
20110247934 | MICROELECTRODE ARRAY ARCHITECTURE - Disclosed herein is a device A device of the microelectrode array architecture, comprising: (a) a bottom plate comprising an array of multiple microelectrodes disposed on a top surface of a substrate covered by a dielectric layer; wherein each of the microelectrode is coupled to at least one grounding elements of a grounding mechanism, wherein a hydrophobic layer is disposed on the top of the dielectric layer and the grounding elements to make hydrophobic surfaces with the droplets; (b) a field programmability mechanism for programming a group of configured-electrodes to generate microfluidic components and layouts with selected shapes and sizes; and, (c) a system management unit, comprising: (i) a droplet manipulation unit; and (ii) a system control unit. | 10-13-2011 |
20110247938 | FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE LAB-ON-A-CHIP BASED ON MICROELECTRODE ARRAY ARCHITECTURE - The system relates to filed-programmable lab-on-chip (FPLOC) microfluidic operations, fabrications, and programming based on Microelectrode Array Architecture are disclosed herein. The FPLOC device by employing the microelectrode array architecture may include the following: (a) a bottom plate comprising an array of multiple microelectrodes disposed on a top surface of a substrate covered by a dielectric layer; wherein each of the microelectrode is coupled to at least one grounding elements of a grounding mechanism, wherein a hydrophobic layer is disposed on the top of the dielectric layer and the grounding elements to make hydrophobic surfaces with the droplets; (b) a field programmability mechanism for programming a group of configured-electrodes to generate microfluidic components and layouts with selected shapes and sizes; and, (c) a FPLOC functional block, comprising: (i) I/O ports; (ii) a sample preparation unit; (iii) a droplet manipulation unit; (iv) a detection unit; and (iv) a system control unit. | 10-13-2011 |
Yih-Feng Hwang, Ashburn, VA US
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20100169864 | INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS - An integration component assists in the integration of information distribution systems (IDSs). The integration component may help to identify the scope of the systems that are to be integrated using a multi-level top-down approach. The multi-level top-down approach may include five levels: a system software level, a business process level, a business rule level, an interface function level, and a data level. A fault detection component may then check the identified systems to identify potential faults. This check can be performed by representing the business rules as a Transition-Directed-Graph (TDG) and then processing the TDG using generic depth-first search (DFS)-based algorithms. | 07-01-2010 |
Yousang Hwang, Baltimore, MD US
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20110257086 | METHODS FOR SYNTHESIS AND USES OF INHIBITORS OF GHRELIN O-ACYLTRANSFERASE AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FOR OBESITY AND DIABETES - The invention provides inhibitors of ghrelin O-acyltransferase, and methods of making and using them. In some embodiments, the invention provides bisubstrate analog inhibitors of ghrelin O-acyltransferase, which can be effective in treating, for example, obesity and diabetes mellitus. | 10-20-2011 |
Yuehjiang Hwang, Chapel Hill, NC US
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20080229447 | Transformation of immature soybean seeds through organogenesis - The present disclosure provides methods for the transformation of soybean cells or tissue and regeneration of the soybean cells or tissue into transformed plants. The disclosed methods utilize an explant prepared from an immature soybean seedling which can be induced directly to form shoots that give rise to transgenic plants via organogenesis. The disclosed methods do not require germination and are rapid and efficient. | 09-18-2008 |
Yunho Hwang, Ellicott City, MD US
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20080229777 | Refrigerator, and method for controlling operation of the same - The present invention discloses a refrigerator which can individually cool a freezing chamber and a refrigerating chamber by dividing a heat exchange region of an evaporator into a freezing chamber side region and a refrigerating chamber side region, forming individual circulation passages for supplying cool air from each region to the freezing chamber and the refrigerating chamber, and forming a freezing chamber fan and a refrigerating chamber fan on each circulation passage, and method for controlling operation of the same which can efficiently perform a cooling operation and reduce power consumption by effectively controlling the operations of each component. | 09-25-2008 |
20100251735 | REFRIGERATOR, AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING OPERATION OF THE SAME - The present invention discloses a refrigerator which can individually cool a freezing chamber and a refrigerating chamber by dividing a heat exchange region of an evaporator into a freezing chamber side region and a refrigerating chamber side region, forming individual circulation passages for supplying cool air from each region to the freezing chamber and the refrigerating chamber, and forming a freezing chamber fan and a refrigerating chamber fan on each circulation passage, and method for controlling operation of the same which can efficiently perform a cooling operation and reduce power consumption by effectively controlling the operations of each component. | 10-07-2010 |
20120031133 | AIR CONDITIONER - An air conditioner having a refrigeration cycle including a compressor, a radiator, a pressure-reducing device and an evaporator, a total heat exchanger for performing heat-exchange between outdoor air and air under cooling operation using the evaporator for a room to be air-conditioned, and for ventilating the room to be air-conditioned, and a desiccant rotor having a moisture adsorbing area for adsorbing moisture in the outdoor air when the outdoor air is introduced, and regenerating the moisture adsorbing area by heat of the radiator, the outdoor air successively flowing through the total heat exchanger, the evaporator and the moisture adsorbing area in this order and then entering the room to be air-conditioned. | 02-09-2012 |
20120273158 | THERMOELASTIC COOLING - A cooling system based on thermoelastic effect is provided. The system comprises a heat sink, a refrigerated space and a regenerator coupled to the refrigerated space and to the heat sink to pump heat from the refrigerated space to the heat sink. The regenerator comprises solid thermoelastic refrigerant materials capable of absorbing or releasing heat. | 11-01-2012 |
20130042996 | TRANSFERRING HEAT BETWEEN FLUIDS - Heat exchangers can include heat exchange plates with: front and back exterior surfaces exposed to a non-working fluid; an interior working fluid flow channel between the front and back exterior surfaces, comprising a first plurality of parallel flow paths in a first direction and a second plurality of parallel flow paths in a second direction. | 02-21-2013 |