Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080227162 | Biomass pretreatment - A method for lignocellulose conversion to sugar with improvements in yield and rate of sugar production has been developed by using ionic liquid pretreatment. This new pretreatment strategy substantially improves the efficiency (in terms of yield and reaction rates) of saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. Cellulose and hemicellulose, when hydrolyzed into their sugars, can be converted into ethanol fuel through well established fermentation technologies. These sugars also form the feedstocks for production of variety of chemicals and polymers. The complex structure of biomass requires proper pretreatment to enable efficient saccharification of cellulose and hemicellulose components to their constituent sugars. Current pretreatment approaches suffer from slow reaction rates of cellulose hydrolysis (by using the enzyme cellulase) and low yields. | 09-18-2008 |
20090011473 | Saccharifying cellulose - Dissolution, partial dissolution or softening of cellulose in an ionic liquid (IL) and its subsequent contact with anti-solvent produces regenerated cellulose more amorphous in structure than native cellulose, which can be separated from the IL/anti-solvent mixture by mechanical means such as simple filtration or centrifugation. This altered morphology of IL-treated cellulose allows a greater number of sites for enzyme adsorption with a subsequent enhancement of its saccharification. The IL-treated cellulose exhibits significantly improved hydrolysis kinetics with optically transparent solutions formed after about two hours of reaction. This provides an opportunity for separation of products from the catalyst (enzyme) easing enzyme recovery. With an appropriate selection of enzymes, initial hydrolysis rates for IL-treated cellulose were up to two orders of magnitude greater than those of untreated cellulose. Due to the non-volatility of the IL, anti-solvent can be easily stripped from the IL/anti-solvent mixture for recovery and recycle of both the ionic liquid and anti-solvent. | 01-08-2009 |
20100233773 | Saccharifying Cellulose - Dissolution, partial dissolution or softening of cellulose in an ionic liquid (IL) and its subsequent contact with anti-solvent produces regenerated cellulose more amorphous in structure than native cellulose, which can be separated from the IL/anti-solvent mixture by mechanical means such as simple filtration or centrifugation. This altered morphology of IL-treated cellulose allows a greater number of sites for enzyme adsorption with a subsequent enhancement of its saccharification. The IL-treated cellulose exhibits significantly improved hydrolysis kinetics with optically transparent solutions formed after about two hours of reaction. This provides an opportunity for separation of products from the catalyst (enzyme) easing enzyme recovery. With an appropriate selection of enzymes, initial hydrolysis rates for IL-treated cellulose were up to two orders of magnitude greater than those of untreated cellulose. Due to the non-volatility of the IL, anti-solvent can be easily stripped from the IL/anti-solvent mixture for recovery and recycle of both the ionic liquid and anti-solvent. | 09-16-2010 |
20120193046 | BIOMASS PRETREATMENT - A method for lignocellulose conversion to sugar with improvements in yield and rate of sugar production has been developed by using ionic liquid pretreatment. This new pretreatment strategy substantially improves the efficiency (in terms of yield and reaction rates) of saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. Cellulose and hemicellulose, when hydrolyzed into their sugars, can be converted into ethanol fuel through well established fermentation technologies. These sugars also form the feedstocks for production of variety of chemicals and polymers. The complex structure of biomass requires proper pretreatment to enable efficient saccharification of cellulose and hemicellulose components to their constituent sugars. Current pretreatment approaches suffer from slow reaction rates of cellulose hydrolysis (by using the enzyme cellulase) and low yields. | 08-02-2012 |
20140273104 | PRETREATMENT AND FRACTIONATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS - Method and apparatus for enhanced production of sugars and lignin via fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass through sequential ionic liquid pretreatment and mild alkaline treatment. The resulting biomass is easily fractionated and amenable to efficient and rapid hydrolysis and catalytic conversion to valuable products with high recovery of the enzymes used in the hydrolysis. | 09-18-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110314412 | COMPOSITING APPLICATION CONTENT AND SYSTEM CONTENT FOR DISPLAY - Application content and system content are composited to create composited frames for display by drawing foreground application content into an application buffer, building a reconstruction buffer, drawing system user interface content on top of the foreground application content in the application buffer, and displaying a composited frame by sending the application buffer directly to display hardware for display. The reconstruction buffer contains portions of the foreground application content copied from the application buffer. When system user interface content is being updated, the reconstruction buffer is used to recreate the original foreground application content. Updated system user interface content and original foreground application content are then used to create additional composited frames for display. | 12-22-2011 |
20120106930 | SHARED SURFACE HARDWARE-SENSITIVE COMPOSITED VIDEO - In a low-power device a runtime hands video capture and other markup language video objects to a video service, which renders them onto a shared surface. An application-specific compositor manipulates the shared surface, e.g., by texture wrapping or animation. A system compositor composites the manipulated shared surface with other data, such as rendered frames from other application-specific compositors and/or computer generated text. The device then displays the attendant rendered, manipulated, and composited video frames. In some cases, only a single copy of the shared surface is utilized. When the video object's shape, alignment, and opacity satisfy predetermined criteria, the video service renders the video object onto the shared surface using a hardware scaler; otherwise, rendering is done without using the hardware scaler. | 05-03-2012 |
20130038614 | MANAGING MULTIPLE GPU-BASED RENDERING CONTEXTS - Content is rendered for display using a plurality of rendering contexts. Rendering is performed, at least in part, using a graphics processing unit (GPU). The plurality of rendering contexts can comprise a lower priority rendering context and a higher priority rendering context. One or more components can be associated with each of the lower priority rendering context and the higher priority rendering context. Different restrictions can be imposed on each rendering context. Restrictions can include a restriction on block size, prioritization of requests for each context, and a restriction on the number of requests in a GPU queue at a time. | 02-14-2013 |