Chen, MA
Ben-Ren Chen, Northborogh, MA US
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20080225831 | Methods, Apparatuses, and Computer Program Products for Processing Session Related Protocol Signaling Measures - An apparatus for processing session related protocol signaling messages includes a simplification element. The simplification element may be configured to receive a message associated with a session related protocol, to determine whether the message is a per call based message and, in response to a determination that the message is the per call based message, to interpret the per call based message without the removed per session based information. The per call based message is free of per session based information that has been removed. | 09-18-2008 |
Ben-Ren Chen, Northborough, MA US
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20080270542 | Method, Apparatus, and Computer Program Product for Reducing Session Related Message Size - An apparatus for reducing session related message size includes a processing element. The processing element may be configured to determine a domain-wide unique identifier and generate a message including a first field for identifying a message sequence associated with the message and a second field including a tag. The second field including the tag may be associated with an identifier of a source or recipient of the message. At least one of the first and second fields may be without data. The processing element may be further configured to include, in the message, a third field comprising at least the domain-wide unique identifier. The third field may be associated with data otherwise intended for the first and second fields. | 10-30-2008 |
20130201878 | FLEXIBLE ALERTING FOR INTEGRATED CELLULAR AND VOIP - An integrated cellular/Voice over IP (VoIP) telephone system including a flexible alerting system, which in response to an inbound call placed to a pilot telephone number, routes a first call leg to a cellular telephone assigned to the pilot telephone number and a second call leg to a telephone number. The telephone system includes a VoIP server configured to establish an inbound call to a VoIP client and establish an outbound call setting caller identification data corresponding to the pilot telephone number, responsive to an outbound call by the VoIP client. An outbound call from the VoIP client to the pilot telephone number is automatically routed to a voice mail system unless otherwise indicated. Based on an indication to not use a pilot telephone number for caller identification, an outbound call is established from the VoIP client to the cellular telephone, without being automatically directed to the voice mail system. | 08-08-2013 |
20140181225 | METHOD, APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR REDUCING SESSION RELATED MESSAGE SIZE - An apparatus for reducing session related message size includes a processing element. The processing element may be configured to determine a domain-wide unique identifier and generate a message including a first field for identifying a message sequence associated with the message and a second field including a tag. The second field including the tag may be associated with an identifier of a source or recipient of the message. At least one of the first and second fields may be without data. The processing element may be further configured to include, in the message, a third field comprising at least the domain-wide unique identifier. The third field may be associated with data otherwise intended for the first and second fields. | 06-26-2014 |
Brendan S. Chen, Sudbury, MA US
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20110071134 | 2-(AMINO-SUBSTITUTED)-4-ARYL PYRIMIDINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS USEFUL FOR TREATING INFLAMMATORY DISEASES - A heterocyclic inhibitor having the formula I, with the variables defined herein, which is useful for treating inflammatory and other physiological disorders in which PKC-theta isoform plays a role: | 03-24-2011 |
Chang-Rung Chen, Newton, MA US
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20120004191 | Combinational Compositions And Methods For Treatment Of Cancer - The present invention provides methods of treating a cell proliferative disorder, such as a cancer, by administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a pyrroloquinolinyl-pyrrole-2,5-dione compound or a pyrroloquinolinyl-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione compound in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of a second anti-proliferative agent. | 01-05-2012 |
Chaonan Chen, New Bedford, MA US
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20100011199 | Method and device of bootloader-to-go - A method comprising two steps is provided for a simplified on-site bootloading process. Step 1: having a computer or similar device preload initialization instructions and executable codes to an intermediate device. Step 2: having that said device transfer such initialization instructions and executable codes to the operating device. The intermediate device named “bootloader-to-go” is provided in this invention. The said bootloader-to-go device provides the uncomplicated transferring of the initialization instructions and executable codes to the operating device without complex configuration steps. The said bootloader-to-go device is handheld, operated by a single operating switch and is equipped with versatile I/O bus connections compatible to operating devices with various I/O types. There is no need of a hosting computer or similar device on site, the bootloading speed is not controlled by a hosting computer, and therefore the bootloading time is predictable and can be repeated. | 01-14-2010 |
20100070748 | Device and methods for simulating controller area network signals - The invention relates to a device of generating simulation signals for Controller Area Network (CAN). The device in this invention simulates CAN data streams normally generated by electronic control units (ECUs) in automobiles, vehicles, boats, etc. without the presence of these ECUs. The device in this invention has a visual display of simulated signals' values. In addition, this invention reveals a remote terminal method and software. The remote terminal software in this invention can control the simulated signal via graphic user interfaces. The remote terminal software in this invention also displays the precise values of simulated signals via graphic user interfaces. Furthermore, this invention presents an advantageous method using a license identification management technique to change the functionality and features of the simulation device without any hardware modifications and without sending the device back to the device manufacturer. | 03-18-2010 |
Chi-Chun Chen, Gloucester, MA US
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20110168972 | LED WITH UNIFORM CURRENT SPREADING AND METHOD OF FABRICATION - A lateral light emitting diode comprises a layer stack disposed on one side of a substrate, the layer stack including a p-type layer, n-type layer, and a p/n junction formed therebetween. The LED may further include a p-electrode disposed on a first side of the substrate and being in contact with the p-type layer on an exposed surface and an n-electrode disposed on the first side of the substrate and being in contact with an exposed surface of an n | 07-14-2011 |
20110244616 | VERTICAL STRUCTURE LED CURRENT SPREADING BY IMPLANTED REGIONS - An improved method of fabricating a vertical semiconductor LED is disclosed. Ions are implanted into the LED to create non-conductive regions, which facilitates current spreading in the device. In some embodiments, the non-conductive regions are located in the p-type layer. In other embodiments, the non-conductive layer may be in the multi-quantum well or n-type layer. | 10-06-2011 |
20110263054 | BOND PAD ISOLATION AND CURRENT CONFINEMENT IN AN LED USING ION IMPLANTATION - An improved method of creating LEDs is disclosed. Rather than using a dielectric coating to separate the bond pads from the top surface of the LED, this region of the LED is implanted with ions to increase its resistivity to minimize current flow therethrough. In another embodiment, a plurality of LEDs are produced on a single substrate by implanting ions in the regions between the LEDs and then etching a trench, where the trench is narrower than the implanted regions and positioned within these regions. This results in a trench where both sides have current confinement capabilities to reduce leakage. | 10-27-2011 |
20110275173 | ISOLATION BY IMPLANTATION IN LED ARRAY MANUFACTURING - An improved method of creating LED arrays is disclosed. A p-type layer, multi-quantum well and n-type layer are disposed on a substrate. The device is then etched to expose portions of the n-type layer. To create the necessary electrical isolation between adjacent LEDs, an ion implantation is performed to create a non-conductive implanted region. In some embodiments, an implanted region extends through the p-type layer, MQW and n-type layer. In another embodiment, a first implanted region is created in the n-type layer. In addition, a second implanted region is created in the p-type layer and multi-quantum well immediately adjacent to etched n-type layer. In some embodiments, the ion implantation is done perpendicular to the substrate. In other embodiments, the implant is performed at an angle. | 11-10-2011 |
20120097918 | IMPLANTED CURRENT CONFINEMENT STRUCTURE TO IMPROVE CURRENT SPREADING - Ion implantation is used to form a current confinement structure, such as that in a light emitting diode. This current confinement structure defines multiple cells in one embodiment, each of which may surround an undoped region. The ion implantation may be performed between formation of the various layers. In one embodiment, the formation of one layer is interrupted and then resumed after ion implantation is performed. | 04-26-2012 |
20120276658 | METHOD OF ETCHING A WORKPIECE - A workpiece is implanted to a first depth to form a first amorphized region. This amorphized region is then etched to the first depth. After etching, the workpiece is implanted to a second depth to form a second amorphized region below a location of the first amorphized region. The second amorphized region is then etched to the second depth. The implant and etch steps may be repeated until structure is formed to the desired depth. The workpiece may be, for example, a compound semiconductor, such as GaN, a magnetic material, silicon, or other materials. | 11-01-2012 |
20130020580 | HETEROEPITAXIAL GROWTH USING ION IMPLANTATION - In one embodiment, a method of growing a heteroepitaxial layer comprises providing a patterned substrate containing patterned features having sidewalls. The method also includes directing ions toward the sidewalls in an exposure, wherein altered sidewall regions are formed, and depositing the heteroepitaxial layer under a set of deposition conditions effective to preferentially promote epitaxial growth on the sidewalls in comparison to other surfaces of the patterned features. | 01-24-2013 |
20130181186 | INTEGRATION OF CURRENT BLOCKING LAYER AND n-GaN CONTACT DOPING BY IMPLANTATION - An improved method of fabricating a semiconductor light emitting diode (LED) is disclosed. The current blocking layer and the contact area for the n-type layer are implanted at the same time. In some embodiments, a dopant, which may be an n-type dopant, is implanted into a portion of the p-type layer to cause that portion to become either u-type or n-type. Simultaneously, the same dopant is implanted into at least a portion of the exposed n-type layer to increase its conductivity. After this implant, the dopant in both portions of the LED may be activated through the use of a single anneal cycle. | 07-18-2013 |
Chiping Chen, Needham, MA US
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20110121194 | CONTROLLED TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR AN ELLIPTIC CHARGED-PARTICLE BEAM - A charged-particle beam control system includes a plurality of external magnets that generate an axially-varying longitudinal magnetic (AVLM)/axially-varying quadrupole magnetic (AVQM) field. A plurality of external electrode geometries generates an axially-varying longitudinal electrostatic (AVLE)/axially-varying quadrupole electrostatic (AVQE) field. The external electrode geometries and magnets control and confine a charged-particle beam of elliptic cross-section. | 05-26-2011 |
Chun-Ting Chen, Worcester, MA US
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20110117573 | CELL DIVISION MARKER - This application relates to a newly identified animal cell structure, the midbody scar. This structure is a remnant of the midbody that is retained by one daughter cell following cytokinesis and persists through multiple subsequent cell cycles. The midbody scar can be useful as a marker of dividing cells or of a cell's replicative age. | 05-19-2011 |
20130337472 | CELL DIVISION MARKER - This application relates to a newly identified animal cell structure, the midbody scar. This structure is a remnant of the midbody that is retained by one daughter cell following cytokinesis and persists through multiple subsequent cell cycles. The midbody scar can be useful as a marker of dividing cells or of a cell's replicative age. | 12-19-2013 |
20140314836 | Modulation of Midbody Derivatives - The number of midbody derivatives in a cell may be modulated by modulating autophagy induced by NBR1. Exemplary methods include modulating the amount or activity of NBR1 in the cell, potentiating or inhibiting binding between NBR1 and Cep55 in the cell, or modulating the amount of Cep55 in the cell. These methods can be used in the treatment of cancers or in methods of reprogramming cells. | 10-23-2014 |
David Tzu-Wei Chen, Wrentham, MA US
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20100291505 | Haptically Enabled Coterminous Production of Prosthetics and Patient Preparations in Medical and Dental Applications - The invention provides a method and system for substantially coterminous modification of a patient situation and a manufactured prosthetic to achieve the desired fit. Rather than utilizing a serial approach, a parallel approach is taken where both patient situation and prosthetic device can be modified at the same time (or substantially the same time). | 11-18-2010 |
20120141949 | System and Apparatus for Haptically Enabled Three-Dimensional Scanning - Described herein is a three-dimensional scanning system that features a camera integrated with a user-guided haptic interface device. The system allows an operator, through the sense of touch, to intuitively and interactively identify optimum locations for obtaining images or scans of an object. The system then assembles these scans to produce a virtual three-dimensional representation of the object with a high degree of accuracy and with a minimum of data artifacts. | 06-07-2012 |
20140025721 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DYNAMICALLY PROVISIONING RESOURCES FOR ON-DEMAND COURSES - A method for providing access to dynamically provisioned resources and on-demand courses includes receiving, by an instantiation engine executing on a first computing device, from a second computing device associated with a user, an indication that the user has purchased access to the course at a scheduled time. A type of computing resource is identified for use during the course at the scheduled time. A service provider computing device is selected from a plurality of service provider computing devices, based upon an ability to provide access to the identified type of computing resource at the scheduled time. Before the scheduled time, the instantiation engine instructs the selected service provider computing device to provision a computing resource of the identified type. The method includes transmitting, to the second computing device, an instruction to establish a connection to the provisioned computing resource at the scheduled time. | 01-23-2014 |
20140025827 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DYNAMICALLY PROVISIONING RESOURCES FOR ON-DEMAND COURSES - A method for creating a course for dynamic provisioning includes receiving, by a creation engine, from a second computing device associated with a user, a request to create a course. The creation engine receives, from the second computing device, an identification of a type of computing resource for use during the course. A service provider computing device is selected from a plurality of service provider computing devices based upon an ability to provide access to the identified type of computing resource. The service provider computing device is instructed to provision a computing resource of the identified type. The second computing device is directed to connect to the provisioned computing resource. The method includes receiving, from the second computing device, an indication that the user configured the provisioned computing resource for use during the course. A state management engine is directed to save a state of the provisioned computing resource. | 01-23-2014 |
Delai Chen, Cambridge, MA US
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20110112503 | CHEMISTRODE, A PLUG-BASED MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR STIMULATION AND SAMPLING WITH HIGH TEMPORAL, SPATIAL, AND CHEMICAL RESOLUTION - A method for sampling and/or introducing a matter to an environment comprises introducing a first array of plugs through a first microchannel of a device into an exchange region of the device in which mass transport between the environment and the plug fluid of at least one plug in the first array of plugs occurs and a second array of plugs is formed. The exchange region is in fluid communication with the first microchannel. The method further comprises directing the second array of plugs into a second microchannel downstream of and in fluid communication with the exchange region. | 05-12-2011 |
20120028342 | SLIP CHIP DEVICE AND METHODS - A device is described having a first surface having a plurality of first areas and a second surface having a plurality of second areas. The first surface and the second surface are opposed to one another and can move relative to each other from at least a first position where none of the plurality of first areas, having a first substance, are exposed to plurality of second areas, having a second substance, to a second position. When in the second position, the plurality of first and second areas, and therefore the first and second substances, are exposed to one another. The device may further include a series of ducts in communication with a plurality of first second areas to allow for a substance to be disposed in, or upon, the plurality of second areas when in the first position. | 02-02-2012 |
20130158021 | AMINO ACID-, PEPTIDE-AND POLYPEPTIDE-LIPIDS, ISOMERS, COMPOSITIONS, AND USES THEREOF - Described herein are compounds and compositions characterized, in certain embodiments, by conjugation of various groups, such as lipophilic groups, to an amino or amide group of an amino acid, a linear or cyclic peptide, a linear or cyclic polypeptide, or structural isomer thereof, to provide compounds of the present invention, collectively referred to herein as “APPLs”. Such APPLs are deemed useful for a variety of applications, such as, for example, improved nucleotide delivery. Exemplary APPLs include, but are not limited to, compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), and (VI), and salts thereof, as described herein: | 06-20-2013 |
20140329884 | 1,3,5-TRIAZINANE-2,4,6-TRIONE DERIVATIVES AND USES THEREOF - The present invention provides novel 1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione derivatives, such as compounds of any one of Formulae (I) and (II), and salts thereof, and methods of preparing the compounds. Also provided are compositions including a compound of the invention and an agent (e.g., an siRNA, mRNA, or plasmid DNA). The present invention also provides methods and kits using the compositions for delivering an agent to a subject (e.g., to the liver, spleen, or lung of the subject) or cell and for treating and/or preventing a range of diseases, such as genetic diseases, proliferative diseases, hematological diseases, neurological diseases, liver diseases, and lung diseases. | 11-06-2014 |
Eleanor Y. Chen, Jamaica Plain, MA US
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20090005295 | Syndecans and angiogenesis - The invention provides methods and materials related to modulating syndecan levels and angiogenesis in an animal. The invention provides syndecan polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding syndecan polypeptides, including dominant negative syndecan polypeptides. The invention also provides polynucleotides and polynucleotide analogues for modulating angiogenesis, as well as cells and embryos containing the polynucleotides and polynucleotide analogues. The invention further provides methods for identifying syndecan- and angiogenesis-modulating agents. | 01-01-2009 |
Eva Chen, Somerville, MA US
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20100039697 | ELECTRO-OPTIC DISPLAYS - An electro-optic display comprises first and second substrates and a lamination adhesive layer and a layer of an electro-optic material disposed between the first and second substrates, the lamination adhesive layer having a thickness of from about 14 to about 25 μm. | 02-18-2010 |
20110286080 | ELECTROPHORETIC MEDIA, AND MATERIALS FOR USE THEREIN - An electrophoretic medium comprises a continuous phase and a discontinuous phase. The discontinuous phase comprises a plurality of droplets, each of which comprises a fluid and at least one charged particle disposed within the fluid and capable of moving through the fluid upon application of an electric field to the electrophoretic medium. The continuous phase surrounds and encapsulates the discontinuous phase and comprising a polymeric binder and a salt, the salt having an anion containing at least one fluorine atom and having a water solubility of at least about 0.25 per cent by weight at 25° C. | 11-24-2011 |
Fred Chen, Boston, MA US
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20100041975 | PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEMS AND METHODS - Various systems and methods are provided for monitoring patient physiological data without the need for adhesives or wires to be connected to a patient. The system is also fully functional without the need for manipulation or intervention by a care provider or medical personnel. In particular, the system can include a pad having a plurality of electrical contacts or electrodes formed thereon in a predetermined pattern. The electrodes can be configured to sense electrical signals produced by a patient's body. A controller in communication with the electrodes can be configured to select and process signals from the electrodes and send the information derived from the electrical signals to an output device for displaying resulting physiological data so that the patient can be monitored. | 02-18-2010 |
20120069606 | VERY HIGH FREQUENCY SWITCHING CELL-BASED POWER CONVERTER - In an aspect, the present invention provides a high frequency switching power converter. The high frequency switching power converter may include a plurality of soft-switchable power cells flexibly connected to receive an input signal in series and provide an output. The high frequency switching power converter may further include a controller for configuring the flexible connection and for controlling the power cells to receive the input signal. In an embodiment, each of the plurality of power cells may be separately controllable by the controller. Further, a portion of the plurality of power cells may be arranged with parallel outputs. Additionally, at least one of the plurality of cells may include one or more switched capacitors. In another embodiment, the at least one of the plurality of cells may include at least one switched capacitor and a DC/DC regulating converter. | 03-22-2012 |
20120206943 | VERY HIGH FREQUENCY SWITCHING RESONANT SYNCHRONOUS RECTIFICATION - A VHF switching power converter comprising one or more VHF switching frequency resonant synchronous rectifiers receives an output from an inverter and delivers a DC output to a load. The power converter includes a controller for controlling at least one of the one or more VHF switching frequency resonant synchronous rectifiers based on feedback derived from a waveform of at least one of the rectifiers. The controller controls a phase angle of at least one of the rectifiers with a delay locked loop. The power converter delivers a regulated DC output via adjustment of a phase shift between at least one of the one or more rectifiers and the inverter. | 08-16-2012 |
20120206946 | ON/OFF MODULATION OF A VERY HIGH FREQUENCY SWITCHING CELLBASED POWER CONVERTER - A method of on/off modulation of a very high frequency switching cell-based power converter includes receiving an input voltage signal to be applied to a plurality of series stacked very high frequency power converter cells for producing an output voltage and/or current, and controlling a portion of the plurality of series stacked high frequency power converter cells through on/off modulation of at least one of the plurality of series stacked high frequency power converter cells to control the output current and/or the output voltage. | 08-16-2012 |
20120217938 | MULTI-PATH POWER FACTOR CORRECTION - A method of multi-path power factor correction includes providing a plurality of energy transfer paths from a voltage-varying input to an output; delivering a first fraction of available input energy to one or more energy storage networks at the input of at least one of the plurality of energy transfer paths; delivering a second fraction of available input energy to the output; and adjusting the first fraction and second fraction for facilitating outputting a substantially constant output and for controlling the energy drawn from the input. | 08-30-2012 |
Fred F. Chen, Boston, MA US
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20110305271 | High-Speed Signaling Systems With Adaptable Pre-Emphasis and Equalization - A signaling system includes a pre-emphasizing transmitter and an equalizing receiver coupled to one another via a high-speed signal path. The receiver measures the quality of data conveyed from the transmitter. A controller uses this information and other information to adaptively establish appropriate transmit pre-emphasis and receive equalization settings, e.g. to select the lowest power setting for which the signaling system provides some minimum communication bandwidth without exceeding a desired bit-error rate. | 12-15-2011 |
20110310949 | High-Speed Signaling Systems with Adaptable Pre-Emphasis and Equalization - A signaling system includes a pre-emphasizing transmitter and an equalizing receiver coupled to one another via a high-speed signal path. The receiver measures the quality of data conveyed from the transmitter. A controller uses this information and other information to adaptively establish appropriate transmit pre-emphasis and receive equalization settings, e.g. to select the lowest power setting for which the signaling system provides some minimum communication bandwidth without exceeding a desired bit-error rate. | 12-22-2011 |
20120044984 | High-Speed Signaling Systems with Adaptable Pre-Emphasis and Equalization - A signaling system includes a pre-emphasizing transmitter and an equalizing receiver coupled to one another via a high-speed signal path. The receiver measures the quality of data conveyed from the transmitter. A controller uses this information and other information to adaptively establish appropriate transmit pre-emphasis and receive equalization settings, e.g. to select the lowest power setting for which the signaling system provides some minimum communication bandwidth without exceeding a desired bit-error rate. | 02-23-2012 |
20130128944 | Selectable-tap Equalizer - A signaling circuit having a selectable-tap equalizer. The signaling circuit includes a buffer, a select circuit and an equalizing circuit. The buffer is used to store a plurality of data values that correspond to data signals transmitted on a signaling path during a first time interval. The select circuit is coupled to the buffer to select a subset of data values from the plurality of data values according to a select value. The equalizing circuit is coupled to receive the subset of data values from the select circuit and is adapted to adjust, according to the subset of data values, a signal level that corresponds to a data signal transmitted on the signaling path during a second time interval. | 05-23-2013 |
20130272359 | HIGH SPEED SIGNALING SYSTEM WITH ADAPTIVE TRANSMIT PRE-EMPHASIS - A high-speed signaling system with adaptive transmit pre-emphasis. A transmit circuit has a plurality of output drivers to output a first signal onto a signal path. A receive circuit is coupled to receive the first signal via the signal path and configured to generate an indication of whether the first signal exceeds a threshold level. A first threshold control circuit is coupled to receive the indication from the receive circuit and configured to adjust the threshold level according to whether the first signal exceeds the threshold level. A drive strength control circuit is coupled to receive the indication from the receive circuit and configured to adjust a drive strength of at least one output driver of the plurality of output drivers according to whether the first signal exceeds the threshold level. | 10-17-2013 |
20130272446 | HIGH SPEED SIGNALING SYSTEM WITH ADAPTIVE TRANSMIT PRE-EMPHASIS - A high-speed signaling system with adaptive transmit pre-emphasis. A transmit circuit has a plurality of output drivers to output a first signal onto a signal path. A receive circuit is coupled to receive the first signal via the signal path and configured to generate an indication of whether the first signal exceeds a threshold level. A first threshold control circuit is coupled to receive the indication from the receive circuit and configured to adjust the threshold level according to whether the first signal exceeds the threshold level. A drive strength control circuit is coupled to receive the indication from the receive circuit and configured to adjust a drive strength of at least one output driver of the plurality of output drivers according to whether the first signal exceeds the threshold level. | 10-17-2013 |
20130322506 | HIGH-SPEED SIGNALING SYSTEMS WITH ADAPTABLE PRE-EMPHASIS AND EQUALIZATION - A signaling system includes a pre-emphasizing transmitter and an equalizing receiver coupled to one another via a high-speed signal path. The receiver measures the quality of data conveyed from the transmitter. A controller uses this information and other information to adaptively establish appropriate transmit pre-emphasis and receive equalization settings, e.g. to select the lowest power setting for which the signaling system provides some minimum communication bandwidth without exceeding a desired bit-error rate. | 12-05-2013 |
20140161166 | Margin Test Methods and Circuits - Described are methods and circuits for margin testing digital receivers. These methods and circuits prevent margins from collapsing in response to erroneously received data, and can thus be used in receivers that employ historical data to reduce intersymbol interference (ISI). Some embodiments detect receive errors for input data streams of unknown patterns, and can thus be used for in-system margin testing. Such systems can be adapted to dynamically alter system parameters during device operation to maintain adequate margins despite fluctuations in the system noise environment due to e.g. temperature and supply-voltage changes. Also described are methods of plotting and interpreting filtered and unfiltered error data generated by the disclosed methods and circuits. Some embodiments filter error data to facilitate pattern-specific margin testing. | 06-12-2014 |
Guanrao Chen, Woburn, MA US
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20100150322 | Voice-to-Text Translation for Visual Voicemail - A system may include servers. The servers may include memories including a first database to store voicemail message information associated with a voicemail mailbox and a user device, and a second database to associate a plurality of user devices with a voice-to-text transcription service; and a receiver to receive a new voicemail message associated with the voicemail mailbox. The servers may also include a processor to query to the second database to determine whether to request a voice-to-text transcription of an audio file associated with the new voicemail message and to determine whether to notify the user device of the new voicemail message before or after receiving the voice-to-text transcription of the audio file. The servers may also include a transmitter to send a notification of the new voicemail message to the user device according to the determination of whether to notify the user device of the new voicemail message before or after receiving the voice-to-text transcription of the audio file. | 06-17-2010 |
20100153410 | DISTRIBUTING AND SHARING CONTENT IN A NETWORK - A method may include receiving, from a first user device associated with a user profile, a first request for a media file and streaming the media file over a network to the first user device in a first format appropriate for the first device. The method may also include stopping the streaming of the media file and associating a stop time with the stopping, wherein the stop time indicates a position in the media file and receiving, from a second user device different from the first user device, a second request for the media file, the second user device being associated with the user profile. The method may also include streaming, starting at the stop time, the media file over the network to the second user device in a second format appropriate for the second device and different than the first format. | 06-17-2010 |
Guanrao Chen, Burlington, MA US
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20110106755 | NETWORK ARCHITECTURE FOR CONTENT BACKUP, RESTORING, AND SHARING - A method may include generating a list of current files stored in a user device, wherein the list of current files includes unique file identifiers, each associated with a corresponding one of the current files. The method may further include sending the list of current files from the user device to a network device and receiving a copy list from the network device in the user device. The copy list may be generated by comparing the list of current files to a list of previously copied files, and the list of previously copied files may include unique file identifiers, each associated with a different one of the previously copied files. The method may include sending the files listed in the copy list from the user device to the network device. | 05-05-2011 |
Huaimo Chen, Bolton, MA US
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20090161531 | INTELLIGENT DATABASE EXCHANGE FOR OSPF - The present invention relates to systems and methods for eliminating unnecessary link state database exchanges and processes when two OSPF routers are forming a full adjacency. In particular, the invention provides methods and mechanisms for deducing information about unreachable routers from link state changes received, recording the information about the unreachable routers for a given period of time, constructing a neighbor database summary list that does not contain the LSAs that the neighbor has through using the information about the unreachable routers and reachable routers, and determining whether the neighbor router is restarted after it becomes unreachable. In addition, the present invention provides a few of options to deduce and use the information about the unreachable routers and the information in the link state database for eliminating unnecessary link state database exchanges and processes. | 06-25-2009 |
20090245253 | Computing Point-to-Multipoint Paths - An apparatus comprising a path computation element (PCE) configured to communicate with a path computation client (PCC) and compute a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) path across an autonomous system (AS) domain. Also included is a network component comprising at least one processor configured to implement a method comprising obtaining a computation request for a P2MP path across a plurality of AS domains, attempting to calculate the P2MP path across the AS domains, thereby generating a computed path or a failure reason, and transmitting a reply comprising the computed path or an indication of the failure reason. Included is a method comprising exchanging a request message and a reply message about a P2MP path across an AS domain between a PCC and a PCE. | 10-01-2009 |
20090252058 | Multi-Protocol Label Switching Multi-Topology Support - A network component comprising at least one processor configured to implement a method comprising receiving a packet, determining whether the packet comprises a topology label, and adding the topology label to the packet if the packet does not comprise the topology label. Included is a method comprising routing a plurality of packets corresponding to a plurality of forwarding equivalence classes (FECs) over a plurality of network topologies using a topology label and plurality of forwarding labels for each network topology. Also included is a network comprising a plurality of nodes in communication with each other and having a plurality of network topologies, wherein at least some of the nodes are configured to route data packets for a plurality of FECs along a path in each network topology using a topology label corresponding to each network topology and an inner label corresponding to each FEC. | 10-08-2009 |
20090274066 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPLEMENTING MULTI-TOPOLOGY SUPPORT FOR LABEL DISTRIBUTION PROTOCOL (LDP) OF A MULTIPROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING NETWORK - System and method for support multiple topology in Label Distribution Protocol of Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network are disclosed. The system includes a number of network elements and a communication mechanism used to connect the network elements. The network elements discover LDP peers within the network topology, and create and maintain LDP sessions for each of the network topologies. The network elements further establish LSPs by mapping network layer routing information within each network topology to data link layer switches paths. Furthermore, the communication mechanism enables the network elements to advertise the multi-topology capability and exchange the mapping information of label and FECs within each network topology. | 11-05-2009 |
20090303904 | System and Method for Multi-Topology Support - A system and method for providing multi-topology support in RSVP-TE in a multi-protocol label switching network is provided. A method includes reserving path states for a traffic engineered label switched path (TE LSP), and releasing the reserved path states. The TE LSP is established within a single network topology in an environment of multiple network topologies, and the reserving path states includes sending a first resource reservation protocol with traffic engineering (RSVP-TE) message containing multi-topology information. | 12-10-2009 |
20100177631 | Protecting Ingress and Egress of a Label Switched Path - An apparatus comprising a backup node coupled to an ingress node of a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) label switched path (LSP) and to a plurality of next-hop nodes of the ingress node of the P2MP LSP via a backup tree, wherein the backup node and the ingress node are both coupled to an external node, and wherein the backup node is configured to ensure data delivery in the P2MP LSP when the ingress node fails. Included is a network component comprising at least one processor configured to implement a method comprising detecting a failure in an ingress node of a P2MP LSP, receiving a data packet destined for the ingress node and to be transported by the P2MP LSP from a provider node when the ingress node fails, and transmitting the data packet on a backup tree that merges with the P2MP LSP prior to reaching an egress node. | 07-15-2010 |
20100208733 | System and Method for Point to Multipoint Inter-Domain Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering Path Calculation - A system comprising a plurality of path computation elements (PCEs) configured to communicate with an ingress node, jointly compute a core tree for an inter-domain point-to-multipoint (P2MP) tree across a plurality of network domains, and independently compute a plurality of sub-trees in at least some of the network domains, wherein the core tree connects the ingress node to a boundary node (BN) in each one of the network domains that have a destination node and each sub-tree connects the BN to a plurality of destination nodes in one of the network domains that have a destination node. | 08-19-2010 |
20110199891 | System and Method for Protecting Ingress and Egress of a Point-to-Multipoint Label Switched Path - A network comprising a first edge node, a second edge node, a third edge node that backs up either the first edge node or the second edge node, and an internal node coupled to the first edge node, the second edge node, and the third edge node, wherein a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) label switched path (LSP) extends across the network from the first edge node, through the internal node, and to the second edge node, and wherein a LSP sub-tree extends between the third edge node and the internal node, but does not extend across the network. | 08-18-2011 |
20110211445 | System and Method for Computing a Backup Ingress of a Point-to-Multipoint Label Switched Path - Disclosed is an apparatus that includes a path computation element (PCE) configured to communicate with a path computation client (PCC) and compute a backup ingress node for a Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) Label Switched Path (LSP) in a network associated with the PCC. The backup ingress node is coupled to an ingress node of the P2MP LSP and to a plurality of next-hop nodes of the ingress node of the P2MP LSP via a backup tree. | 09-01-2011 |
20110235503 | System and Method for Communications System Routing Component Level High Availability - A system and method for communications system routing component level high availability are provided. A method for providing routing component level high availability includes synchronizing information from an active information source, detecting a failure in a routing component, replacing the failed routing component with a backup routing component, and completing synchronization of the information. | 09-29-2011 |
20120042205 | System and Method for Completeness of TCP Data in TCP HA - System and method for completeness of transmission control protocol (TCP) high availability (HA) are disclosed. The system includes an active processor, having an application and a TCP, and a standby processor, having another application and another TCP; wherein communications among the active application, the active TCP, the standby application and the standby TCP quickly and efficiently enable the system seamlessly switching over from the active processor to the standby processor for transmission of incoming TCP data streams and outgoing TCP data streams if the active processor fails. | 02-16-2012 |
20120057593 | Computing Point-to-Multipoint Paths - An apparatus comprising a path computation element (PCE) configured to communicate with a path computation client (PCC) and compute a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) path across an autonomous system (AS) domain. Also included is a network component comprising at least one processor configured to implement a method comprising obtaining a computation request for a P2MP path across a plurality of AS domains, attempting to calculate the P2MP path across the AS domains, thereby generating a computed path or a failure reason, and transmitting a reply comprising the computed path or an indication of the failure reason. Included is a method comprising exchanging a request message and a reply message about a P2MP path across an AS domain between a PCC and a PCE. | 03-08-2012 |
20120092986 | System And Method For Computing A Backup Egress Of A Point-To-Multi-Point Label Switched Path - An apparatus for requesting computation of a backup egress path comprising a processor configured to send a path computation element (PCE) protocol (PCEP) request (PCReq) message requesting computation of the backup egress path to protect against a fault in a primary egress path of a Point to Multi-Point (P2MP) or Point-to-Point (P2P) label switched path (LSP), wherein the backup egress path extends from a previous-hop internal node of the primary egress node of the P2MP or P2P LSP to a backup egress node. A method for advertising or discovering a backup egress path computation capability comprising exchanging a message that indicates that a PCE comprises a backup egress path computation capability. | 04-19-2012 |
20120136944 | Method For Dynamic Discovery of Control Plane Resources and Services - An apparatus comprising a processor configured to discover one or more peer processors associated with a network component in a dynamic manner by detecting an announcement message from a peer processor, wherein the announcement message is multicast from the peer processor when the peer processor is added or activated on the network component. | 05-31-2012 |
20120137012 | Method for Dynamic On Demand Startup of a Process or Resource - An apparatus comprising a processor configured to startup a new process on a peer processor to off-load a load of a local process on the processor in a dynamic manner based on monitoring an amount of resources used by the processor, wherein the startup of the new process on the peer processor is initiated when the amount of resources used by the local process reaches a threshold. | 05-31-2012 |
20120195229 | System and Method for Computing Point-To-Point Label Switched Path Crossing Multiple Domains - Disclosed is an apparatus comprising a plurality of path computation elements (PCEs) associated with a plurality of inter-coupled domains and configured to communicate with a path computation client (PCC) associated with one of the domains and to implement a Forward Search Path Computation (FSPC) for a preferred path crossing the domains from a source node in a source domain of the plurality of inter-coupled domains to a destination node in a destination domain of the plurality of inter-coupled domains, wherein the preferred path is computed without using a determined order of the domains from the source domain to the destination domain. | 08-02-2012 |
20120209989 | Method for Dynamic Migration of a Process or Services from One Control Plane Processor to Another - An apparatus comprising a processor configured to migrate load from a source process running on the processor to a target process running on a peer processor in a dynamic manner by monitoring an amount of resources used by the source process, wherein the load is migrated when the amount of resources utilized by the source process exceeds a threshold. Also disclosed is a network component comprising a first processor configured to select a source process to migrate a load from the first processor based on available resources on the first processor and the source process; and a second processor configured upon receiving a migration request from the first processor to one of select and start a target process to which to migrate the load based on available resources for the second processor and the target process. | 08-16-2012 |
20120213224 | System and Method for Finding Point-to-Multipoint Label Switched Path Crossing Multiple Domains - An apparatus associated with a first domain, the apparatus comprising a processor configured to compute a portion of a Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) path, wherein the P2MP path spans a plurality of domains including the first domain, wherein the apparatus does not require knowledge of a core tree of domains to compute the portion of the P2MP path. | 08-23-2012 |
20120243443 | System and Method for Topology Transparent Zoning in Network Communications - An Autonomous System domain comprising a topology transparent zone comprising a plurality of topology transparent zone nodes at least some of which are topology transparent zone edge nodes, wherein the topology transparent zone nodes are interconnected with one another via a plurality of internal links, and a plurality of neighboring external nodes connected to the topology transparent zone edge nodes via a plurality of external links, wherein no link state advertisements (LSAs) describing the internal links are distributed to the neighboring external nodes. | 09-27-2012 |
20120250583 | Multi-Protocol Label Switching Multi-Topology Support - A network component comprising at least one processor configured to implement a method comprising receiving a packet, determining whether the packet comprises a topology label, and adding the topology label to the packet if the packet does not comprise the topology label. Included is a method comprising routing a plurality of packets corresponding to a plurality of forwarding equivalence classes (FECs) over a plurality of network topologies using a topology label and plurality of forwarding labels for each network topology. Also included is a network comprising a plurality of nodes in communication with each other and having a plurality of network topologies, wherein at least some of the nodes are configured to route data packets for a plurality of FECs along a path in each network topology using a topology label corresponding to each network topology and an inner label corresponding to each FEC. | 10-04-2012 |
20120275461 | Systems and Methods for Implementing Multi-Topology Support for Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) of a Multiprotocol Label Switching Network - System and method for support multiple topology in Label Distribution Protocol of Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network are disclosed. The system includes a number of network elements and a communication mechanism used to connect the network elements. The network elements discover LDP peers within the network topology, and create and maintain LDP sessions for each of the network topologies. The network elements further establish LSPs by mapping network layer routing information within each network topology to data link layer switches paths. Furthermore, the communication mechanism enables the network elements to advertise the multi-topology capability and exchange the mapping information of label and FECs within each network topology. | 11-01-2012 |
20130016605 | Procedures for Finding a Backup Ingress of a Point-to-Multipoint Label Switched Path - A method comprising receiving a request from a network component to find a backup ingress node for an ingress node of a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) label switched path (LSP), determining a plurality of candidate backup ingress nodes that satisfy a plurality of constraints, including being an edge node in the ingress node's domain and having a direct link to the ingress node, a path to each next hop node of the ingress node of the P2MP LSP, and a path from a source node that communicates with the ingress node, wherein the determination is in response to receiving the request, selecting the backup ingress node from the candidate backup ingress nodes that has a minimum cost of paths from the source node to the next hop nodes via the backup ingress node; and sending a reply to the network component that indicates the selected backup ingress node. | 01-17-2013 |
20130034103 | System and Method for Finding Segments of Path for Label Switched Path Crossing Multiple Domains - An apparatus comprising a path computation element (PCE) associated with a domain in a network and configured to find a segment of a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic Engineering (TE) Label Switched Path (LSP) that crosses a plurality of domains in the network using a Constraint Shortest Path First (CSPF) algorithm or a reverse CSPF algorithm that computes a plurality of shortest paths in the domain of which the segment is selected, wherein the CSPF algorithm or the reverse CSPF algorithm is selected to reduce the number of shortest path computations in the domain based on the number of starting nodes and ending nodes that are considered for computing the shortest paths in the domain. | 02-07-2013 |
20130089005 | Simple Topology Transparent Zoning in Network Communications - An autonomous system (AS) comprising a topology transparent zone (TTZ) comprising a plurality of TTZ nodes, wherein the plurality of TTZ nodes includes an edge node and an internal node, wherein each of the plurality of TTZ nodes is configured to connect to another TTZ node via an internal link, and a plurality of neighboring external nodes connected to the TTZ edge nodes via a plurality of external links, wherein no link state advertisements (LSAs) describing the internal links are distributed to the neighboring external nodes. | 04-11-2013 |
20130254195 | System and Method for Traffic Engineering Information Summary of a Zone in Network Communications - A method for summarizing topology transparent zone (TTZ) traffic engineering (TE) information, comprising computing a TE link state for every TE link internal to a TTZ from a root node to one or more non-root edge nodes, wherein the TE link state comprises the maximum bandwidth of the link, summarizing the computed TE link state information and storing the summary in a memory, and distributing at least a portion of the information in the summary to at least one neighboring node external to the TTZ connected to the root node via an external link. | 09-26-2013 |
20140241372 | Constructing A Topology-Transparent Zone - A network node used to construct a topology-transparent zone (TTZ). The network node may obtain a TTZ identifier (ID) that is uniquely associated with a TTZ. Additionally, the network node may obtain a first link that couples the network node to a second network node that is also assigned the TTZ ID and a second link that couples the network node to a third network node that is not assigned the TTZ ID. The network node may generate a router information (RI) link-state advertisement (LSA) that indicates whether the network node is a TTZ edge node or a TTZ internal node and that indicates the TTZ associated with the TTZ. The network node may distribute the RI LSA to the second network node that is also assigned the TTZ ID using the first link. | 08-28-2014 |
20140254427 | Discovering a Topology-Transparent Zone - A network node used to discover a topology-transparent zone (TTZ). In one example embodiment, the network node may obtain a TTZ identifier (ID) that is uniquely associated with the TTZ. Additionally, the network node may identify a link connected to a second network node that is also assigned the TTZ ID. In response to the command to initiate discovering the TTZ, the network node may generate a router information (RI) link-state advertisement (LSA) that comprises the TTZ ID and may distribute the RI LSA to the second network node using the link. In another example embodiment, the network node may not be configured as a TTZ edge node and may receive an RI LSA comprising the TTZ ID. The network node may store at least a portion of the information within the RI LSA and may flood the RI LSA using a plurality of links. | 09-11-2014 |
20140355414 | Label Switched Path Network Failure Detection And Traffic Control - A method for providing ingress fault protection in a label switched network, comprising sending data traffic from a source node to a first label switched path (LSP) via a first ingress node, detecting a first fault using a first fault detection link between the source node and the first ingress node, sending the data traffic from the source node to a second LSP via a second ingress node in response to detecting the first fault, detecting a second fault using a second fault detection link between the first ingress node and the second ingress node, and merging the data traffic from the second LSP into the first LSP at a next-hop node of the first ingress node, wherein the data traffic is no longer sent to the first LSP via the first ingress node after the first fault. | 12-04-2014 |
20140362856 | System and Method for Finding Point-to-Multipoint Label Switched Path Crossing Multiple Domains - An apparatus associated with a first domain, the apparatus comprising a processor configured to compute a portion of a Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) path, wherein the P2MP path spans a plurality of domains including the first domain, wherein the apparatus does not require knowledge of a core tree of domains to compute the portion of the P2MP path. | 12-11-2014 |
20140369185 | Next Hop Ingress Protection Of Label Switched Paths - A network node for providing ingress fault protection. The network node may be along a primary label switched path (LSP) and may be configured to receive an ingress protection request message that identifies one or more other network nodes along the primary LSP. The network node may generate a forwarding table that comprises one or more forwarding entries for the other network nodes along the primary LSP and one or more forwarding entries for the other network nodes along a backup LSP. In typical operation, the network node may receive data traffic from a first source path within a label switched network and may send the data traffic using the primary LSP. When an ingress node fault in the first source path is present, the network node may receive data traffic from a second source path and may send the data traffic using the backup LSP. | 12-18-2014 |
20150023150 | Establishing and Protecting Label Switched Paths Across Topology-Transparent Zones - A label switched path (LSP) establishing method comprising receiving a first path message from a network node outside of a topology-transparent zone (TTZ) along a path for the LSP, computing a TTZ path through the TTZ from the network component to an egress TTZ edge node along the LSP, sending a second path message to a TTZ internal node along the TTZ path, receiving a first reservation (RESV) message from the TTZ internal node that comprises a label allocated for the egress TTZ edge node, and sending a second RESV message that comprises a label allocated for the network component and the label allocated for the egress TTZ edge node to the network node. | 01-22-2015 |
20150036481 | System and Method for Computing a Backup Ingress of a Point-to-Multipoint Label Switched Path - A method of Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol (PCEP) communication includes sending, to a path computation element (PCE), a request to compute a backup ingress node for a Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) Label Switched Path (LSP) in a network, and receiving, from the PCE, the backup ingress node for the P2MP LSP in accordance with the request. | 02-05-2015 |
20150085639 | Protecting a Label Switched Path Egress Without Using Downstream Labels - A computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause a network element to protect a label switched network against egress node failure by receiving a primary service label and a backup service label from an upstream node in the network, receiving data traffic comprising the primary service label from the upstream node for transmitting to a downstream node in the network, determining a status of a primary egress node in the network, the primary egress node being associated with a primary label switching path, forwarding the data traffic according to a primary label switching path when the primary egress node is operating properly, and replacing the primary service label with the backup service label and forwarding the data traffic according to a backup label switching path when the primary egress node has failed. | 03-26-2015 |
Hudong Chen, Newton, MA US
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20100088081 | Computer Simulation of Physical Processes - Simulating a physical process includes storing, in a computer-accessible memory, state vectors for voxels, where the state vectors correspond to a model and include entries that correspond to particular momentum states of possible momentum states at a voxel. Interaction operations are performed on the state vectors. The interaction operations model interactions between elements of different momentum states according to the model. Move operations performed on the state vectors reflect movement of elements to new voxels according to the model. The model is adapted to simulate a high-Knudsen number flow that has a Knudsen number greater than 0.1. | 04-08-2010 |
20120265511 | Computer Simulation of Physical Processes - Simulating a physical process includes storing, in a computer-accessible memory, state vectors for voxels, where the state vectors correspond to a model and include entries that correspond to particular momentum states of possible momentum states at a voxel. Interaction operations are performed on the state vectors. The interaction operations model interactions between elements of different momentum states according to the model. Move operations performed on the state vectors reflect movement of elements to new voxels according to the model. The model is adapted to simulate a high-Knudsen number flow that has a Knudsen number greater than 0.1. | 10-18-2012 |
20130116997 | COMPUTER SIMULATION OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES - A computer-implemented method for simulating flow and acoustic interaction of a fluid with a porous medium includes simulating activity of a fluid in a first volume adjoining a second volume occupied by a porous medium, the activity of the fluid in the first volume being simulated so as to model movement of elements within the first volume and using a first model having a first set of parameters, simulating activity of the fluid in the second volume occupied by the porous medium, the activity in the second volume being simulated so as to model movement of elements within the second volume and using a second model having a second set of parameters and differing from the first model in a way that accounts for flow and acoustic properties of the porous medium, and simulating movement of elements between the first volume and the second volume at an interface between the first volume and the second volume. | 05-09-2013 |
20130151221 | COMPUTER SIMULATION OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES - A computer-implemented method for simulating fluid flow using a lattice Boltzmann (LB) approach and for solving scalar transport equations is described herein. In addition to the lattice Boltzmann functions for fluid flow, a second set of distribution functions is introduced for transport scalars. | 06-13-2013 |
20130317794 | Cascaded Eddy Simulation - A fluid flow is simulated by causing a computer to perform operations on data stored in the memory to compute at least one eddy of a fluid flow at a first scale and perform operations to compute at least one eddy of the fluid flow at both the first scale and a second scale. The second scale is a finer scale than the first scale, and the computation of the at least one eddy of the fluid flow at the second scale is constrained by results of the computation of the at least one eddy of the fluid flow at the first scale. | 11-28-2013 |
20140136159 | COMPUTER SIMULATION OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES INCLUDING MODELING OF LAMINAR-TO-TURBULENT TRANSITION - A computer-implemented method for simulating fluid flow using a lattice Boltzmann (LB) approach that includes assigning values for the wall shear stress on a per-facet (e.g., per-surfel) basis based on whether the fluid flow is laminar or turbulent is described herein. | 05-15-2014 |
20140343858 | MASS EXCHANGE MODEL FOR RELATIVE PERMEABILITY SIMULATION - This description relates to computer simulation of physical processes, such as computer simulation of multi-species flow through porous media including the determination/estimation of relative permeabilities for the multi-species flow through the porous media. | 11-20-2014 |
Iliana Fujimori Chen, Somerville, MA US
Patent application number | Description | Published |
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20090195306 | SWITCHED-CAPACITOR CIRCUIT HAVING SWITCH-LESS FEEDBACK PATH - A switched-capacitor circuit includes a plurality of cascaded differential-input, single-ended-output amplifiers. A negative feedback path, from an output terminal of a last of the cascaded amplifiers to an input terminal of a first of the cascaded amplifiers, is configured to exclude, and not be shorted out by, any switches. | 08-06-2009 |
20090195533 | HIGH-ACCURACY MULTI-CHANNEL CIRCUIT - A multi-channel circuit includes a first-channel circuit configured to receive a digital input and a second-channel output voltage, and to generate a first-channel output voltage as a function of the received digital input and second-channel output voltage. | 08-06-2009 |
James J. Chen, Lynnfield, MA US
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20120068793 | MICROPSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINE/COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE (CPW) TRANSISTOR STRUCTURE - A structure having a coplanar waveguide transistor; and a microwave section, coupled to the transistor, having: a strip conductor coplanar with the electrodes of the coplanar waveguide transistor and a ground plane conductor disposed under the strip conductor. | 03-22-2012 |
Jennifer Chen, Chestnut Hill, MA US
Patent application number | Description | Published |
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20090092613 | Novel TNF receptor death domain ligand proteins and inhibitors of ligand binding - Novel TNF receptor death domain (“TNF-R1-DD”) ligand proteins are disclosed. Polynucleotides encoding the TNF-R1-DD ligand protein are also disclosed, along with vectors, host cells, and methods of making the TNF-R1-DD ligand protein. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the TNF-R1-DD ligand protein, methods of treating inflammatory conditions, and methods of inhibiting TNF-R death domain binding are also disclosed. Methods of identifying inhibitors of TNF-R death domain binding and inhibitors identified by such methods are also disclosed. | 04-09-2009 |
Jianbing Chen, Wayland, MA US
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20100278931 | POROUS SILICON DRUG-ELUTING PARTICLES - The invention provides a biodegradable drug-eluting particle useful for the delivery of diagnostic or therapeutic agents. In certain embodiments, the drug-eluting particle of the invention comprises a biodegradable porous silicon body, a reservoir formed within the porous silicon body having at least one opening to an exterior of the body, wherein the reservoir contains a therapeutic or diagnostic agent, and an agent-permeable seal disposed over the at least one opening. The invention further provides a method for treating a patient to obtain a desired local or systemic physiological or pharmacological effect comprising administering a sustained release drug delivery particle of the invention. The invention also provides methods of fabricating a drug-eluting particle for releasing therapeutic agents | 11-04-2010 |
20110129541 | SUSPENSION DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR THE SUSTAINED AND CONTROLLED LOCAL RELEASE OF PHARMACEUTICALS - The invention relates to a novel suspension delivery system for the sustained and controlled release of pharmaceuticals. Methods of preparation and use are also disclosed. | 06-02-2011 |
20110165242 | IN SITU GELLING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM - The invention provides liquid controlled-release drug delivery compositions which gel upon injection into the body to form, in situ, controlled-release drug implants. The compositions of the invention feature a gel-forming polymer that is insoluble in water, a polyethylene glycol solvent in which the polymer is dissolved, and the drug substance to be delivered. | 07-07-2011 |
20110183944 | SUSTAINED-RELEASE NSAID/HMG CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR COMPOSITIONS - Compositions for controlled release of one or more therapeutic agents where the composition is essentially free of excipients are disclosed. In particular, compositions comprising a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, particularly simvastatin, and a NSAID, such as a COX-2 inhibitor, particularly celecoxib, in which greater than 90% of the weight of the composition is made up of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and NSAID are provided. | 07-28-2011 |
20120016467 | POLYMER-BASED, SUSTAINED RELEASE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM - Disclosed is a sustained release system that includes a polymer and a prodrug having a solubility less than about 1 mg/ml dispersed in the polymer. Advantageously, the polymer is permeable to the prodrug and may be non-release rate limiting with respect to the rate of release of the prodrug from the polymer. This permits improved drug delivery within a body in the vicinity of a surgery via sustained release rate kinetics over a prolonged period of time, while not requiring complicated manufacturing processes. | 01-19-2012 |
20120045513 | POLYMER-BASED, SUSTAINED RELEASE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM - Disclosed is a sustained release system that includes a polymer and a pharmaceutically active agent dispersed in the polymer. The agent is in granular or particulate form, and has a rate of release from the system that is limited primarily by the rate at which the agent dissolves from the granules into the polymer matrix. Advantageously, the polymer is permeable to the agent and is non-release-rate-limiting with respect to the rate of release of the agent from the polymer. | 02-23-2012 |
20120195934 | POLYMERIC GEL DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR PHARMACEUTICALS - Implantable, injectable, insertable, or otherwise administrable compositions that form hydrogels when implanted, injected, inserted, or administered into or onto living tissues comprise a pharmaceutically effective compound wherein the pharmaceutically effective compound is a codrug, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof in admixture with a hydrogel-forming compound. The pharmaceutically effective compound may be any compound that is soluble in bodily fluids, or that forms bodily fluid-soluble adducts when exposed to bodily fluids. Exemplary compounds include analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic compounds. The hydrogel-forming compound is a biologically tolerated substance that forms a hydrogel upon exposure to bodily fluids, such as the interstitial fluid surrounding or within a joint. | 08-02-2012 |
20130101656 | IN SITU GELLING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM - The invention provides liquid controlled-release drug delivery compositions which gel upon injection into the body to form, in situ, controlled-release drug implants. The compositions of the invention feature a gel-forming polymer that is insoluble in water, a polyethylene glycol solvent in which the polymer is dissolved, and the drug substance to be delivered. | 04-25-2013 |
20140037746 | POLYMER-BASED, SUSTAINED RELEASE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM - Disclosed is a sustained release system that includes a polymer and a pharmaceutically active agent dispersed in the polymer. The agent is in granular or particulate form, and has a rate of release from the system that is limited primarily by the rate at which the agent dissolves from the granules into the polymer matrix. Advantageously, the polymer is permeable to the agent and is non-release-rate-limiting with respect to the rate of release of the agent from the polymer. | 02-06-2014 |
20140336278 | In Situ Gelling Drug Delivery System - The invention provides liquid controlled-release drug delivery compositions which gel upon injection into the body to form, in situ, controlled-release drug implants. The compositions of the invention feature a gel-forming polymer that is insoluble in water, a polyethylene glycol solvent in which the polymer is dissolved, and the drug substance to be delivered. | 11-13-2014 |
20140363482 | Bioerodible Sustained Release Drug Delivery Systems - The present invention relates to sustained release drug delivery systems, medical devices incorporating said systems, and methods of use and manufacture thereof. The inventive systems feature bioerodible drug delivery devices that include biocompatible solid and biocompatible fluid compositions to achieve desired sustained release drug delivery. | 12-11-2014 |
Jianglong Chen, Quincy, MA US
Patent application number | Description | Published |
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20080308037 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THERMAL JET PRINTING - The disclosure relates to a method for depositing films on a substrate which may form part of an LED or other types of display. In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to an apparatus for depositing ink on a substrate. The apparatus includes a chamber for receiving ink; a discharge nozzle having an inlet port and an outlet port, the discharge nozzle receiving a quantity of ink from the chamber at the inlet port and dispensing the quantity of ink from the outlet port; and a dispenser for metering the quantity of ink from the chamber to the inlet port of the discharge nozzle; wherein the chamber receives ink in liquid form having a plurality of suspended particles and the quantity of ink is pulsatingly metered from the chamber to the discharge nozzle; and the discharge nozzle evaporates the carrier liquid and deposits the solid particles on the substrate. | 12-18-2008 |
20080311289 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING FILM DEPOSITION - The disclosure relates to a method for depositing films on a substrate which may form part of an LED or other types of display. In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to an apparatus for depositing ink on a substrate. The apparatus includes a chamber for receiving ink; a discharge nozzle having an inlet port and an outlet port, the discharge nozzle receiving a quantity of ink from the chamber at the inlet port and dispensing the quantity of ink from the outlet port; and a dispenser for metering the quantity of ink from the chamber to the inlet port of the discharge nozzle; wherein the chamber receives ink in liquid form having a plurality of suspended particles and the quantity of ink is pulsatingly metered from the chamber to the discharge nozzle; and the discharge nozzle evaporates the carrier liquid and deposits the solid particles on the substrate. | 12-18-2008 |
20080311307 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DEPOSITING FILMS - The disclosure relates to a method for depositing films on a substrate which may form part of an LED or other types of display. In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to an apparatus for depositing ink on a substrate. The apparatus includes a chamber for receiving ink; a discharge nozzle having an inlet port and an outlet port, the discharge nozzle receiving a quantity of ink from the chamber at the inlet port and dispensing the quantity of ink from the outlet port; and a dispenser for metering the quantity of ink from the chamber to the inlet port of the discharge nozzle; wherein the chamber receives ink in liquid form having a plurality of suspended particles and the quantity of ink is pulsatingly metered from the chamber to the discharge nozzle; and the discharge nozzle evaporates the carrier liquid and deposits the solid particles on the substrate. | 12-18-2008 |
20110267390 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DEPOSITING FILMS - The disclosure relates to a method for depositing films on a substrate which may form part of an LED or other types of display. In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to an apparatus for depositing ink on a substrate. The apparatus includes a chamber for receiving ink; a discharge nozzle having an inlet port and an outlet port, the discharge nozzle receiving a quantity of ink from the chamber at the inlet port and dispensing the quantity of ink from the outlet port; and a dispenser for metering the quantity of ink from the chamber to the inlet port of the discharge nozzle; wherein the chamber receives ink in liquid form having a plurality of suspended particles and the quantity of ink is pulsatingly metered from the chamber to the discharge nozzle; and the discharge nozzle evaporates the carrier liquid and deposits the solid particles on the substrate. | 11-03-2011 |
Jianxiao Chen, North Billerica, MA US
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20090060412 | High-Power High-Frequency Photodetector - A photodetector includes an optical distribution device having an optical input that receives an input optical signal and an optical waveguide grating coupler that converts the input optical signal from a longitudinal direction radiation mode to a surface-emitted radiation mode and that distributes the optical signal along a length of the optical waveguide grating coupler and emits the distributed optical signal from the surface. An optical detector includes an optical input that is positioned to receive the distributed optical signal emitted from the optical distribution device along a length the optical waveguide grating coupler. The optical detector generates a traveling wave RF signal. The optical distribution device reduces the optical power density of the input optical signal, thereby avoiding local saturation and damage to the optical detector. | 03-05-2009 |
20090067771 | High Efficient Silicon-on-Lithium Niobate Modulator - A modulator includes an electro-optical substrate and a first and second waveguide formed of a doped semiconductor material positioned on a surface of an electro-optical substrate forming a slot therebetween. A doping level of the semiconductor material being chosen to make the first and second waveguide conductive. A dielectric material is positioned in the slot which increases confinement of both an optical field and an electrical field inside the slot. A refractive index of the semiconductor material and a refractive index of the dielectric material positioned in the slot being chosen to reduce the Vπ·L product of the modulator. | 03-12-2009 |
Jidai Chen, Bedford, MA US
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20090081144 | COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS - A topical composition having (i) an isolated polypeptide having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a functional equivalent thereof, and (ii) a cosmetically acceptable carrier; and use thereof. | 03-26-2009 |
Jizhong Chen, Medford, MA US
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20110280363 | METHOD OF FAST CURRENT MODULATION IN AN X-RAY TUBE AND APPARATUS FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME - An X-ray tube includes a target and a cathode assembly. The cathode assembly includes a first filament configured to emit a first beam of electrons toward the target, a first gridding electrode coupled to the first filament, a second filament configured to emit a second beam of electrons toward the target, and a second gridding electrode coupled to the second filament. | 11-17-2011 |
Jonathan H. Chen, Brighton, MA US
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20110209636 | ADAPTIVE TAKE-OFF STRIPS FOR SMOOTHING INK CONSUMPTION - Take-off strips are adaptively generated based on the color profile of the image to be printed to smooth ink consumption and present a more constant ink coverage and ink flow. Adaptive take-off strips have complementary color profiles to the image being printed. | 09-01-2011 |
Julie Chen, Wilmington, MA US
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20090235915 | NANOHEATER ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF - The present invention provides devices and methods for making nano structures such a nanoheater In one embodiment, the nanoheater element comprises a first reactive member and interlayer disposed in communication with at least a portion thereof. Preferably, contact between the first and second reactive members of the nanoheater element can yield at least one exothermic reaction. A nanoheater device of the invention can optionally comprise a substrate on which the first reactive member is positioned in combination with other components. The invention also provides a nanoheater system comprising a plurality of nanoheater elements. Exemplary nanoheater elements and systems can be used to perform a method of the invention in which heat is produced. Methods includes processes for fabricating nanostructures such as layered devices, nanorods and nanowires. | 09-24-2009 |
20120015211 | METHODS FOR THE FABRICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURES - The present invention relates to methods of fabricating nanostructures using a replacement reaction. In a preferred embodiment, metal particles in an inert atmosphere undergo a replacement reaction to form a layer on the metal particle which is removed to form a high surface area nanostructure. A preferred embodiment includes the fabrication of heater elements, powders and heater assemblies using the nanostructures. | 01-19-2012 |
20120132644 | METHODS FOR THE FABRICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURES HEATING ELEMENTS - The present invention relates to methods of fabricating nanostructures using a replacement reaction. In a preferred embodiment, metal particles in an inert atmosphere undergo a replacement reaction to form a layer on the metal particle which is removed to form a high surface area nanostructure. A preferred embodiment includes the fabrication of heater elements, powders and heater assemblies using the nanostructures. | 05-31-2012 |
20120273263 | Conductive Formulations For Use In Electrical, Electronic And RF Applications - Metal flakes, an organic metal precursor, an organic solvent and either no binder, or a volatile or a thermally decomposable binder are combined to form a paste. The paste is deposited in a circuit pattern on a substrate and the circuit pattern is cured. While curing, the organic metal precursor decomposes to leave an electrically conductive path, and the printed circuit is thus formed. A precursor to an electrically conductive circuit material includes an organic metal precursor, metal microparticles, and an organic solvent. The method can be employed to form printed circuits, for a variety of electrical, electronic and sensing application, such as crack detection in ceramic, plastics, concrete, wood, fabric, leather, rubber or paper and composite materials. | 11-01-2012 |
20120297888 | Wireless Passive Radio-Frequency Strain And Displacement Sensors - Wireless strain and displacement sensors wirelessly monitor structural health and integrity, and are made by printing inductor-interdigital capacitor sensing circuits on a variety of substrates, including ceramic substrates, with thermally processable conductive inks. Sensors of the invention can be employed to detect strain and displacement of civil structures, such as bridges and buildings. The sensors include sensing elements that are mounted or printed on stiff, inflexible substrates, which prevent the sensing elements from bending, stretching, or otherwise warping when the sensor is strained. An interlayer between the sensing elements allows the sensing elements to move with respect to each other during application of strain. Thus, strain causes the sensing elements to move but not to deform, causing changes in sensor resonance that can be detected through wireless radio-frequency interrogation. Because the sensing elements do not change shape when under strain, the sensor can undergo millions of measurement cycles before breaking. | 11-29-2012 |
Lichun Leigh Chen, Walpole, MA US
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20090104090 | IN-SITU DIFFUSION ALLOYING AND PRE-OXIDATION ANNEALING IN AIR OF FE-CR-AL ALLOY CATALYTIC CONVERTER MATERIAL - A manufacturing method of metal substrate catalytic converter and the resulting product. In this method, a multiple layer aluminum and ferritic stainless steel composite material is first made by roll-bonding and then further processed to a final foil thickness. The composite foils are then fabricated to a honeycomb-like converter with air flow channels. The converter is then thermally treated at a high temperature during a necessary converter fabrication process. The monolithic FeCrAl alloy is then obtained in the converter by in-situ diffusion alloying with pre-oxide film on the surfaces. The resulted material has improved oxidation resistance and thermal dimension stability at a high temperature. | 04-23-2009 |
Lihren Chen, Bedford, MA US
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20100022536 | Inhibitors of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 - This invention provides chemical inhibitors of the activity of various phospholipase enzymes, particularly cytosolic phospholipase A | 01-28-2010 |
20100029645 | Inhibitors of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 - This invention provides chemical inhibitors of the activity of various phospholipase enzymes, particularly cytosolic phospholipase A | 02-04-2010 |
20100029648 | 11-Beta HSD1 Inhibitors - This invention relates to inhibiting 11βHSD1. | 02-04-2010 |
Li-Jin Chen, Somerville, MA US
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20110274135 | Broadband Dispersion-Free Optical Filter Cavities Based on Dielectric Mirrors with Complementary Dispersion - A substantially dispersion-free optical filter cavity includes a first multilayer mirror and a second multilayer mirror, wherein each mirror includes layers of a less-refractive material and layers of a more-refractive material, the more-refractive material having a higher index of refraction than the less-refractive material. The mirrors are separated by a spacing, and the thickness of a plurality of the layers in the second multilayer mirror differ from corresponding layers in the first multilayer mirror to provide the cavity with complementary group-delay dispersion across the cavity with a phase difference within, e.g., ±0.015 rad across a range of wavelengths spanning at least, e.g., 50 nm. | 11-10-2011 |
20110310914 | Mode-Locking with Reduced Nonlinearity Using Gain-Matched Output Couplers - A laser cavity includes a gain medium for amplifying a light pulse in a light path, wherein the gain medium has a gain profile for amplifying the light pulse as a function of wavelength; at least one mirror on one side of the gain medium; and an output coupler. The output coupler has an output coupling profile for inducing loss in the light pulse as a function of wavelength that substantially matches the saturated gain profile of the gain medium across a range of lasing wavelengths. The purpose of this device is to achieve a flattened net-gain profile to substantially improve mode-locking performance with respect to self-starting, beam-quality, and broadband operation. | 12-22-2011 |
Ling Ling Chen, Wellesley, MA US
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20120014916 | POLYALKYLENE POLYMER COMPOUNDS AND USES THEREOF - The invention relates to novel polyalkylene glycol compounds and methods of using them. In particular, compounds comprising a novel polyethylene glycol conjugate are used alone, or in combination with antiviral agents to treat a viral infection, such as chronic hepatitis C. | 01-19-2012 |
Lingrong Chen, Shrewsbury, MA US
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20080243902 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING A GRAPHICAL WORKFLOW MONITOR - A browser based workflow monitor uses a graphical user interface (GUI) to display workflow status information and to create log information. The monitor presents the log information to a user in a format that is easily understood. Workflow information is accessed from a user workstation via a data network and displayed within a browser application. | 10-02-2008 |
Mike Y.r. Chen, East Longmeadow, MA US
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20080229973 | Ink compositions and printing methods for high readability on various types of substrates - New blue inks are provided for inkjet printing, especially using piezoelectric printers, on papers which are typically difficult to print with good quality, high-contrast images. The inks are characterized by a color of the ink (color illumination D65) of L*: about 37±5, a*: about 7±7, b*: about −27±8. The inks contain an aqueous vehicle including water and a humectant comprising a polyhydric alcohol, a penetrant, surfactant, and a blue dye. The relative amounts of the aqueous vehicle, the penetrant, the surfactant and the blue dye, are effective to provide an ink having a viscosity and surface tension effective for inkjet printing, especially for piezoelectric printing, having a viscosity of from about 2 to about 4 mPa·s and a surface tension of from 30 to 50 mN/m. Also provided are a process for printing an image and a printed image prepared using the ink. | 09-25-2008 |
20080229975 | Ink compositions and printing methods for high readability on various types of substrates - New blue inks are provided for inkjet printing, on papers which are typically difficult to print with good quality, high-contrast images. The inks are characterized by a color of the ink (color illumination D65) of L*: about 37±5, a*: about 7±7, b*: about −27±8. The inks contain an aqueous vehicle including water and a humectant comprising a polyhydric alcohol, a water-soluble polymer effective to improve the “hold out” properties of the dye-based ink on paper, surfactant, and a blue dye. The relative amounts of the aqueous vehicle, the water-soluble polymer, the surfactant and the blue dye, are effective to provide an ink having a viscosity and surface tension effective for inkjet printing, having a viscosity of from about 2 to about 4 mPa·s and a surface tension of from 30 to 50 mN/m. Also provided are a process for printing an image and a printed image prepared using the ink. | 09-25-2008 |
Ming-Jiu Chen, Shrewsbury, MA US
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20110217237 | THERAPEUTIC DLL4 BINDING PROTEINS - DLL4 binding proteins are described herein, including antibodies, CDR-grafted antibodies, humanized antibodies, and DLL4 binding fragments thereof, proteins that bind DLL4 with high affinity, and DLL4 binding proteins that neutralize DLL4 and/or VEGF activity. The DLL4 binding proteins are useful for treating or preventing cancers and tumors and especially for treating or preventing tumor angiogenesis. | 09-08-2011 |
Nancy H. Chen, North Andover, MA US
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20090039803 | OUTER JACKET LEAK DETECTION METHOD AND BALLAST IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD - A method of detecting a leak in an outer jacket of a metal halide lamp having an arc tube inside the outer jacket and operated by a ballast, where the ballast monitors an electrical characteristic of the lamp during start and detects a leak in the outer jacket when the electrical characteristic deviates from that of a corresponding metal halide lamp whose outer jacket does not have a leak. The electrical characteristic is one of six markers, namely (1) V′(E) at a predetermined E, where V′(E) is a derivative of lamp voltage V as a function of cumulative energy E delivered to the ballast since ignition, (2) a value of E at which V′(E) reaches a maximum, (3) V at a predetermined E, (4) a local maximum of V′(E) up to a predetermined E, (5) a global maximum of V′(E), and (6) E required to achieve a predetermined V. | 02-12-2009 |
20090079365 | CONTROL METHOD AND BALLAST FOR RUN-UP OF METAL HALIDE LAMP - A method of controlling run-up of a metal halide lamp that has a nominal (full) light output during steady state operation and that has a current limit I | 03-26-2009 |
20090079366 | FAST RUN-UP OF METAL HALIDE LAMP BY POWER MODULATION AT ACOUSTIC RESONANCE FREQUENCY - A method of controlling run-up of a metal halide lamp that has a nominal (full) light output during steady state operation and that has a current limit I | 03-26-2009 |
20110121759 | METHOD AND GAS DISCHARGE LAMP WITH FILTER TO CONTROL CHROMATICITY DRIFT DURING DIMMING - Techniques are disclosed that allow for the use of metal halide lamps in dimming applications, as well as other discharge lamps susceptible to dimming-induced chromaticity drift. Examination of such lamps reveals that some of the spectral changes that cause chromaticity drift during dimming are localized in narrow band regions of the spectrum, and lamp emission in these regions is enhanced (either increased or decreased) relative to the rest of the spectrum. Selective filtering of the enhanced emission caused by dimming can be used to reduce chromaticity shift. For instance, a filter deposited on and/or integrated into a lamp component (such as the arc tube, shroud, and/or outer jacket) operates to block transmission of those regions of the spectrum. | 05-26-2011 |
20110266978 | LIGHT OUTPUT CONTROL TECHNIQUE BY ESTIMATING LAMP EFFICACY AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE AND POWER - Techniques are disclosed for controlling the light output of a lamp, where lamp efficacy is estimated as a function of estimated lamp temperature and instantaneous input power, or as a function of estimated lamp temperature only. Whether efficacy is estimated as a function of temperature and power, or as a function of temperature only can depend on changes in the lamp operating scenario. The techniques estimate lamp temperature by tracking energy input to and losses from (losses such as radiation, conduction, emission) the lamp arc tube, and determine the corresponding instantaneous light producing ability. The techniques may further be implemented to deliver the appropriate power command to obtain a desired light output. The techniques can be applied towards a general control in which arbitrary or custom light output vs. time paths are produced, and may be implemented by a processor programmed or otherwise configured to execute the desired control scheme. | 11-03-2011 |
20130009570 | METAL HALIDE LAMPS WITH FAST RUN-UP AND METHODS OF OPERATING THE SAME - The present disclosure describes metal halide lamps having a discharge vessel, a discharge space, and at least one electrode extending into the discharge vessel in a sealed fashion so as to be in contact with the discharge space. A fill gas, at least one fill material, and optionally at least one volatile material are present in the discharge space. In some cases, the lamps can exhibit at least one of reduced run-up time, increased initial light output, and long life, while remaining useful for general lighting applications. Also described are methods for operating such metal halide lamps. | 01-10-2013 |
20150084542 | CONTROLLING OBJECT APPEARANCE WITH VARIABLE SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF LIGHTING HAVING CONSTANT CHROMATICITY - Techniques are disclosed for controlling object appearance while maintaining a lighting function without noticeable changes in illumination. The techniques may be implemented to illuminate a given target with a first light source so as to cause the target to have a first appearance, and to illuminate the target with a second light source so as to cause the target to have a second appearance different from the first appearance. The first and second light sources have a chromaticity within a common MacAdam ellipse. The MacAdam ellipse size may range, for example, from a 7-step ellipse (for relaxed constancy in chromaticity) to a 1-step ellipse (for high constancy in chromaticity). In some cases, one of the first or second light sources includes a spectral feature not included in the other light source, and an optical response property of the target reacts to changes in the spectral feature thereby causing appearance changes. | 03-26-2015 |
Qingmin Chen, Cambridge, MA US
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20110118340 | DELIVERY OF RNAI CONSTRUCTS TO OLIGODENDROCYTES - The invention provides methods for delivering a double-stranded nbonucleic acid (dsRNA) to the central nervous system of a subject, and particularly, to oligodendrocytes of a subject by localized delivery to the brain, e.g., to the corpus caïlosum. For example, the dsRNA molecules can include a first sequence that is selected from the Sroup consisting of the sense sequences of Tables 8, 10, 13-16, and a second sequence selected from the group consisting of the antisense sequences of Tables 8, 10, and 13-16. The dsRNA molecules can include naturally occurring nucleotides or can include at least one modified nucleotide, such as a 2′-O-methyl modified nucleotide, a nucleotide comprising a 5′-phosphorothioate group, or a terminal nucleotide linked to a conjugate group, such as to a cholesteryl derivative or a vitamin E group. Alternatively, the modified nucleotide may be chosen from the group consisting of a 2f-deoxy-2′-fliιioro modified nucleotide, a 2′-de-oxy-modified nucleotide, a locked nucleotide, an abasic nucleotide, 2′-amino-modified nucleotide, 2′-alkyl-modified nucleotide, morpholino nucleotide, a phosphoramidate, and a non-natural bas comprising nucleotide. Generally, such modified sequences will be based on a first sequence of a dsRNA selected from the group consisting of the sense sequences of Tables 8, 10, and 13-16, and a second sequence selected from the group consisting of the antisense sequences of Tables 8 10, and 13-16. | 05-19-2011 |
Qingmin Chen, Lincoln, MA US
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20100120893 | Compositions and Methods for Inhibiting Expression of Transthyretin - The invention relates to a double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) targeting a transthyretin (TTR) gene, and methods of using the dsRNA to inhibit expression of TTR. | 05-13-2010 |
20110251262 | Compositions And Methods For Inhibiting Expression Of An RNA From West Nile Virus - This invention relates to double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA), and its use in mediating RNA interference to inhibit the expression of an RNA from the West Nile virus (WNV), and the use of the dsRNA to treat pathological processes mediated by WNV infection, such as viral encephalitis. | 10-13-2011 |
20120225927 | COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR INHIBITING EXPRESSION OF TRANSTHYRETIN - The invention relates to a double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) targeting a transthyretin (TTR) gene, and methods of using the dsRNA to inhibit expression of TTR. | 09-06-2012 |
20140051747 | Compositions and Methods for Inhibiting Expression of an RNA from West Nile Virus - This invention relates to double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA), and its use in mediating RNA interference to inhibit the expression of an RNA from the West Nile virus (WNV), and the use of the dsRNA to treat pathological processes mediated by WNV infection, such as viral encephalitis. | 02-20-2014 |
20140194493 | COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR INHIBITING EXPRESSION OF TRANSTHYRETIN - The invention relates to a double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) targeting a transthyretin (TTR) gene, and methods of using the dsRNA to inhibit expression of TTR. | 07-10-2014 |
Robert K. Chen, North Andover, MA US
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20120075011 | Tunable Biquad Filter Circuit Including Phase Shift Detection and Methods for Using Such - Various embodiments of the present invention provide tunable filter circuits and methods for using such. As an example, a tunable biquad filter is disclosed that includes a tunable biquad circuit, a mixer circuit and a low pass filter. The tunable biquad circuit exhibits a cutoff frequency corresponding to an adjustment value, and is operable to receive an filter input and to provide a filter output. The mixer circuit is operable to provide a product of the filter input and the filter output. The product includes a time dependent component and a static component. The low pass filter is operable to receive the product and to provide the static component. | 03-29-2012 |
20120075012 | Systems and Methods for Filter Initialization and Tuning - Various embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for data filter tuning. As an example, a method for filter tuning is disclosed that includes: providing a tunable filter having an operation filter and a calibration filter; applying a low frequency test input to the operation filter in place of an input signal to yield a first filter output; calculating a low frequency magnitude value corresponding to the first filter output; applying a high frequency test input to the operation filter in place of an input signal to yield a second filter output; calculating a high frequency magnitude value corresponding to the second filter output; modifying a tuning factor of the calibration filter when a ratio of the high frequency magnitude value and the low frequency magnitude value is outside of a defined range; and storing the tuning factor of the calibration filter when the ratio of the high frequency magnitude value and the low frequency magnitude value is within the defined range. | 03-29-2012 |
20140012888 | Systems and Methods for Filter Initialization and Tuning - Various embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for data filter tuning. As an example, a method for filter tuning is disclosed that includes: providing a tunable filter having an operation filter and a calibration filter; applying a low frequency test input to the operation filter in place of an input signal to yield a first filter output; calculating a low frequency magnitude value corresponding to the first filter output; applying a high frequency test input to the operation filter in place of an input signal to yield a second filter output; calculating a high frequency magnitude value corresponding to the second filter output; modifying a tuning factor of the calibration filter when a ratio of the high frequency magnitude value and the low frequency magnitude value is outside of a defined range; and storing the tuning factor of the calibration filter when the ratio of the high frequency magnitude value and the low frequency magnitude value is within the defined range. | 01-09-2014 |
Shaowu Chen, Sudbury, MA US
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20090054495 | CCR9 inhibitors and methods of use thereof - The invention relates to compounds represented by Structural Formula I, which can bind to CCR9 receptors and block the binding of a ligand (e.g., TECK) to the receptors. The invention also relates to a method of inhibiting a function of CCR9, and to the use compounds represented by Structural Formula I in research, therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic methods. | 02-26-2009 |
20100093802 | CCR9 INHIBITORS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF - The invention relates to compounds represented by Structural Formula I, which can bind to CCR9 receptors and block the binding of a ligand (e.g., TECK) to the receptors. The invention also relates to a method of inhibiting a function of CCR9, and to the use compounds represented by Structural Formula I in research, therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic methods. | 04-15-2010 |
20100280074 | CCR9 INHIBITORS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF - The invention relates to compounds represented by Structural Formula I, which can bind to CCR9 receptors and block the binding of a ligand (e.g., TECK) to the receptors. The invention also relates to a method of inhibiting a function of CCR9, and to the use compounds represented by Structural Formula I in research, therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic methods. | 11-04-2010 |
20100324093 | CCR9 INHIBITORS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF - The invention relates to compounds represented by Structural Formula I, which can bind to CCR9 receptors and block the binding of a ligand (e.g., TECK) to the receptors. The invention also relates to a method of inhibiting a function of CCR9, and to the use compounds represented by Structural Formula I in research, therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic methods. | 12-23-2010 |
20110313000 | CCR9 INHIBITORS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF - The invention relates to compounds represented by Structural Formula I, which can bind to CCR9 receptors and block the binding of a ligand (e.g., TECK) to the receptors. The invention also relates to a method of inhibiting a function of CCR9, and to the use compounds represented by Structural Formula I in research, therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic methods. | 12-22-2011 |
Shih-Chi Chen, Cambridge, MA US
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20110229750 | Polyolefin Fibers for Use as Battery Separators and Methods of Making and Using the Same - The present invention is directed to battery separators comprising layers of non-woven, melt-blown polyolefin fibers, and methods of making and using the same. | 09-22-2011 |
20130153514 | Apparatus and Methods for Treating Fluids Using Ultraviolet Light - The present invention is directed to apparatuses and methods for treating fluids with ultraviolet light, including fluid streams, utilizing elliptical chambers. Suitably, water or other fluids can be disinfected using the chambers. Methods for optimizing irradiation of the fluid in the apparatuses are also provided. | 06-20-2013 |
Shiou-Shan Chen, Winchester, MA US
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20080262279 | Production of Alkylaromatic Compounds - A process for producing a monoalkylation aromatic product, such as ethylbenzene and cumene, utilizing an alkylation reactor zone and a transalkylation zone in series or a combined alkylation and transalkylation reactor zone. This process requires significantly less total aromatics distillation and recycle as compared to the prior art. | 10-23-2008 |
Shuqi Chen, Framingham, MA US
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20100218621 | SAMPLE PROCESSING METHODS - A method of processing a sample may include introducing a sample into a vessel, the vessel having proximal and distal ends, the sample being introduced into the proximal end of the vessel; incubating the sample in the vessel with a substance capable of specific binding to a preselected component of the sample; propelling components of the incubated sample, other than the preselected component, toward the proximal end of the vessel by clamping the vessel distal to the incubated sample and compressing the vessel where the incubated sample is contained; propelling the preselected component toward a distal segment of the vessel by clamping the vessel proximal to the preselected component and compressing the vessel where the preselected component is contained; and mixing the preselected component with a reagent in the distal segment of the vessel. | 09-02-2010 |
20100323919 | SAMPLE MULTIPROCESSING - A sample processing vessel may include a branch segment and at least two tracks. The at least two tracks may be fluidly isolated from one another by a permanent seal. The tracks may be segmented by breakable seals. The branch segment may be temporarily isolated from the tracks by breakable seal(s) and put in fluid communication with the tracks once those seal(s) are broken, such that fluid received by the branch segment is divided into portions that pass into both tracks. | 12-23-2010 |
20110064613 | FLUID SAMPLE TESTING SYSTEM - A sample testing vessel may include a flexible plastic tube and a self-sealing injection channel. The flexible plastic tube may have a seal defining a first compartment and a second compartment, wherein the seal comprises a pressure gate providing a fluid-tight seal between first and second compartments and opening upon application of a threshold pressure. The injection channel may be normally substantially free of fluid and capable of fluid communication with the tubule. | 03-17-2011 |
20110143968 | SAMPLE VESSELS - A sample vessel may include a segmented tubule and an interface receiving the tubule. The segmented tubule may include an opening for receiving a sample material and at least one compressible section, the at least one compressible section having a wall constructed at least partially from a material having sufficient flexibility to permit compression of opposed sections of the wall into contact with one another, and at least two segments of the tubule being fluidically isolated from one another by a bonding of a fluid-tight seal between opposed sections of the tubule wall, wherein said fluid-tight seal irreversibly opens upon application of fluid pressure greater than a threshold value to permit selective fluid communication between the opposed sections. The interface may facilitate delivery of a sample material to the tubule through the opening. | 06-16-2011 |
20110207121 | SAMPLE PROCESSING DEVICE FOR PRETREATMENT AND THERMAL CYCLING - A sample processing device may include an opening, a sample pretreatment unit, a thermal cycling reaction unit, and a detection unit. | 08-25-2011 |
20120276532 | SAMPLE PROCESSING DEVICE FOR PRETREATMENT AND THERMAL CYCLING - A sample processing device may include an opening, a sample pretreatment unit, a thermal cycling reaction unit, and a detection unit. | 11-01-2012 |
20130040830 | Fluid Sample Testing System - A sample testing vessel may include a flexible plastic tube and a self-sealing injection channel. The flexible plastic tube may have a seal defining a first compartment and a second compartment, wherein the seal comprises a pressure gate providing a fluid-tight seal between first and second compartments and opening upon application of a threshold pressure. The injection channel may be normally substantially free of fluid and capable of fluid communication with the tubule. | 02-14-2013 |
Steve X. Chen, Newton, MA US
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20110246135 | SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND LOGIC FOR GENERATING STATISTICAL RESEARCH INFORMATION - In one embodiment, a system for generating a statistical analysis output is disclosed. The system receives and processes input from a user to perform statistical analysis and generate an output. The input includes at least one statistical variable from a plurality of statistical variables in a dataset, statistical modules adopted for analysis, and output formats. The system includes a processing unit configured to: automatically identify statistical variables in the dataset; automatically generate a program code for obtaining a variable distribution; select at least one statistical variable for statistical analysis; select one or more of the at least one statistical variable and automatically generate programs that implement the statistical functions for manipulating the variables; automatically perform statistical analysis based on the statistical modules by executing program codes associated with the modules; and automatically generate a program code for organizing outcomes of the statistical analysis into the user selected output formats. | 10-06-2011 |
20140019090 | SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND LOGIC FOR GENERATING STATISTICAL RESEARCH INFORMATION - In one embodiment, a system for generating a statistical analysis output is disclosed. The system receives and processes input from a user to perform statistical analysis and generate an output. The input includes at least one statistical variable from a plurality of statistical variables in a dataset, statistical modules adopted for analysis, and output formats. The system includes a processing unit configured to: automatically identify statistical variables in the dataset; automatically generate a program code for obtaining a variable distribution; select at least one statistical variable for statistical analysis; select one or more of the at least one statistical variable and automatically generate programs that implement the statistical functions for manipulating the variables; automatically perform statistical analysis based on the statistical modules by executing program codes associated with the modules; and automatically generate a program code for organizing outcomes of the statistical analysis into the user selected output formats. | 01-16-2014 |
Taiping Chen, Andover, MA US
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20120021432 | Phosphorylated NF45 Biomarkers, Antibodies And Methods Of Using Same - The present invention relates to isolated phosphorylated NF45 peptides and isolated phosphorylation site-specific antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof that specifically binds a phosphorylated NF45 protein. The present invention also relates to methods of utilizing these antibodies to determine the therapeutic efficacy of a candidate compound and methods for screening for candidate compounds that increase the phosphorylation of NF45 protein in a cell. | 01-26-2012 |
Weibin Chen, Holliston, MA US
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20110114835 | Method Of Charge Reduction Of Electron Transfer Dissociation Product Ions - A mass spectrometer is disclosed wherein highly charged fragment ions resulting from Electron Transfer Dissociation fragmentation of parent ions are reduced in charge state within a Proton Transfer Reaction cell | 05-19-2011 |
20140110576 | Method of Charge Reduction of Electron Transfer Dissociation Product Ions - A mass spectrometer is disclosed wherein highly charged fragment ions resulting from Electron Transfer Dissociation fragmentation of parent ions are reduced in charge state within a Proton Transfer Reaction cell by reacting the fragment ions with a neutral superbase reagent gas such as Octahydropyrimidolazepine. | 04-24-2014 |
Wei Jie Chen, Westford, MA US
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20110298579 | DYNAMICALLY ADAPTABLE SAFETY ZONES - Systems and methods are provided for defining a safety zone in an industrial automation environment. The method includes monitoring an object that approaches an operating zone where equipment is controlled within the operating zone. This includes determining the speed or direction that the object approaches the operating zone. The method includes dynamically adjusting a safety region in view of the determined speed or direction of the object and enabling or disabling the equipment within the operating zone based in part on the object entering the safety region. | 12-08-2011 |
20120092485 | TIME OF FLIGHT (TOF) SENSORS AS REPLACEMENT FOR STANDARD PHOTOELECTRIC SENSORS - Systems and methods are provided for utilizing time of flight sensors in an industrial automation environment. The method includes employing a multi pixel camera associated with a time of flight sensor to detect an object located within a defined or bounded target area, comparing pixels with adjacent pixels associated with an image of the object captured by the multi pixel camera, identifying the object as being a colored, texture, or highly reflective object, and controlling industrial machinery based on the identification of the object entering the target area. | 04-19-2012 |
20120095575 | TIME OF FLIGHT (TOF) HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE (HMI) - Systems and methods are provided for controlling industrial equipment in the performance of various industrial activities based on the detected body movement of a user in an industrial automation environment. The method includes employing a time-of-flight sensor to detect movement of a body part of the user, ascertaining whether or not the movement of the body part conforms to a recognized movement of the body part, interpreting the recognized movement of the body part as a performable action, and thereafter actuating industrial machinery to perform the performable action. | 04-19-2012 |
Weixiang Chen, Westford, MA US
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20120057526 | Soft State Framework for Mobile WSN Routing - A soft state framework to support routing functionality in a mobile wireless sensor network is provided. This invention allows each node of the wireless sensor network to move in random directions in a three dimensional space. The invention seeks to minimize resource consumption while optimizing routing functionality in a mobile condition. | 03-08-2012 |
20120063387 | Hybrid Routing and Forwarding Solution for a Wireless Sensor Network - A hybrid routing and forwarding solution for a mobile wireless sensor network is provided. This invention allows each node of the wireless sensor network to move in random directions in a three dimensional space. The invention seeks to minimize resource consumption while optimizing routing and forwarding in a wireless sensor network. | 03-15-2012 |
20140269429 | HYBRID ROUTING AND FORWARDING SOLUTION FOR A WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK - A hybrid routing and forwarding solution for a mobile wireless sensor network is provided. This invention allows each node of the wireless sensor network to move in random directions in a three dimensional space. The invention seeks to minimize resource consumption while optimizing routing and forwarding in a wireless sensor network. | 09-18-2014 |
Xiangfu Chen, Acton, MA US
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20100115075 | DIRECTIONAL OPTIMIZATION FOR POLICY EVALUATION - Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, system and computer program product for directional optimization of policy statements for a Web service. In an embodiment of the invention, a method for directional optimization of policy statements in a policy document can be provided. The method can include loading a policy document referenced for a Web service, extracting a policy from the policy document, and determining whether the extracted policy is bidirectional or direction agnostic. A single run time presentation for the extracted policy can be created when the extracted policy is direction agnostic. Otherwise, separate run time presentations can be created for each direction of the extracted policy when the extracted policy is bi-directional. | 05-06-2010 |
Xiangji Chen, Amherst, MA US
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20110319569 | ZWITTERIONIC POLYMERS WITH THERAPEUTIC MOIETIES - The invention generally relates to zwitterionic polymers (including zwitterionic copolymers), such as polymethacrylic structures, with pendent functional moieties, such as therapeutic or biologic moieties. More particularly, the invention relates to phosphorylcholine-substituted methacrylic polymers prepared by free radical polymerization and click chemistry, for example, and compositions and products comprising same, as well as related methods and uses of the compositions, for example, as biological or therapeutic agents and in drug delivery thereof. | 12-29-2011 |
Xiaowei Chen, Newton, MA US
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20120127316 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY USING VIDEO ANALYSIS - A system detects a transaction outcome by obtaining video data associated with a transaction area and analyzing the video data to obtain at least one video transaction parameter concerning transactions associated with the transaction area. The transaction area can be a video count of items indicated in the video data as detected by an automated item detection algorithm applied to the video data. The system obtains at least one expected transaction parameter concerning an expected transaction that occurs in the transaction area, such as a scan count of items scanned at a point of sale terminal. The system automatically compares the video transaction parameter(s) to the expected transaction parameter(s) to identify a transaction outcome that may indicate fraudulent activity such as sweethearting in a retail environment. | 05-24-2012 |
Xiaoxi Kevin Chen, Westborough, MA US
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20090043079 | CELL CULTURE SURFACES HAVING HYDROGEL SUPPORTED PROTEINS - A method is disclosed herein for treating a polymeric surface to define an improved cell culture surface. The method includes the steps of: coating the polymeric surface with a hydrogel; and attaching proteins to the hydrogel-coated surface. Advantageously, a method is provided which consistently produces improved cell culture surfaces that generally avoid bare spots and possible undesired protein absorption or cell differentiation. | 02-12-2009 |
20100273261 | METHODS FOR PRODUCING SYNTHETIC SURFACES THAT MIMIC COLLAGEN COATED SURFACES FOR CELL CULTUE - The present invention discloses methods for producing synthetic surfaces that mimic collagen coated surfaces for cell culture comprising: providing a monomer source comprising one or more organic compounds which are capable of polymerization, wherein at least one organic compound is prolinol; creating a plasma of said monomer source; and contacting at least a portion of a surface with the plasma to provide a plasma polymer coated surface. Advantageously, such methods provide an animal-free, synthetic, chemically defined surface that mimics a collagen coated surface for cell culture. Advantageously, such methods not only reduce the cost and/or issues associated with animal-derived collagen but are also amenable to large scale manufacturing. | 10-28-2010 |
20120225485 | METHODS FOR PRODUCING SYNTHETIC SURFACES THAT MIMIC COLLAGEN COATED SURFACES FOR CELL CULTURE - The present invention discloses methods for producing synthetic surfaces that mimic collagen coated surfaces for cell culture comprising: providing a monomer source comprising one or more organic compounds which are capable of polymerization, wherein at least one organic compound is prolinol; creating a plasma of said monomer source; and contacting at least a portion of a surface with the plasma to provide a plasma polymer coated surface. Advantageously, such methods provide an animal-free, synthetic, chemically defined surface that mimics a collagen coated surface for cell culture. Advantageously, such methods not only reduce the cost and/or issues associated with animal-derived collagen but are also amenable to large scale manufacturing. | 09-06-2012 |
Yuan Chen, Lexington, MA US
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20110182332 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HIGH SPEED DATA TRANSMISSION MODULATION AND DEMODULATION - A method and apparatus for communicating wirelessly comprising creating a plurality of sub-carrier signals by quadrature amplitude modulating data onto a plurality of sub-carrier frequencies spaced apart by a sub-carrier frequency spacing interval, frequency shifting the sub-carrier signals by one half of the sub-carrier frequency spacing interval, and modulating the sub-carrier signals onto a radio frequency carrier wave for wireless transmission. | 07-28-2011 |
Zhengi Q. Chen, Acton, MA US
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20110013724 | I/Q IMBALANCE ESTIMATION AND COMPENSATION FOR A TRANSMITTER AND A RECEIVER - Techniques for performing inphase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance estimation and compensation are described. In one exemplary design, I/Q imbalances in a receiver may be estimated by (i) applying a continuous wave signal at different frequencies to the receiver and (ii) processing I and Q input samples from the receiver to determine I/Q imbalances at different frequencies. In another exemplary design, I/Q imbalances may be estimated by (i) downconverting an input RF signal with an LO signal that is offset in frequency from the input RF signal, (ii) transforming I and Q input samples from the receiver to the frequency domain to obtain I and Q symbols, and (iii) determining I/Q imbalances based on the I and Q symbols. In one exemplary design, I/Q imbalances may be corrected by compensating for frequency-dependent and frequency-independent I/Q imbalances separately. I/Q imbalances in a transmitter may also be estimated and compensated. | 01-20-2011 |
Zhuo Yao Chen, Chestnut Hill, MA US
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20100011353 | IMAGE INSTALLER - A method, apparatus, and software are provided for deploying at least one virtual appliance to a deployment site of a multi-tier computer system. The method includes reading a deployment configuration file to identify at least one virtual appliance to deploy, transferring the identified at least one virtual appliance to the computer system, registering the at least one virtual appliance with a virtualization software of the computer system, changing the network settings of the virtualization software to match the deployment configuration file, placing a copy of the deployment configuration file on the virtualization software, and the virtualization software installing the identified at least one virtual appliance on the computer system. | 01-14-2010 |
20100235482 | Virtual Appliance Automation Tool - A method and apparatus are provided for creating a virtual machine installer for use in a multi-tier computer system. The method includes the steps of providing a plurality of interactive applications operating together to achieve a predetermined enterprise objective, providing a plurality of substantially identical virtual appliances, modifying the plurality of virtual appliances by installing a respective interactive application into each of the plurality of virtual appliances (VAs), generating a catalog of the modified virtual appliances, and saving the modified virtual appliances and the catalog on a medium. | 09-16-2010 |