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Chandrasekaran, US

Aarthi Chandrasekaran, Cambridge, MA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080241918Hemagglutinin polypeptides, and reagents and methods relating thereto - The present invention provides a system for analyzing interactions between glycans and interaction partners that bind to them. The present invention also provides HA polypeptides that bind to umbrella-topology glycans, and reagents and methods relating thereto.10-02-2008
20090081193HEMAGGLUTININ POLYPEPTIDES, AND REAGENTS AND METHODS RELATING THERETO - The present invention provides a system for analyzing interactions between glycans and interaction partners that bind to them. The present invention also provides HA polypeptides that bind to umbrella-topology glycans, and reagents and methods relating thereto.03-26-2009
20100061990Hemagglutinin Polypeptides, and Reagents and Methods Relating Thereto - The present invention provides a system for analyzing interactions between glycans and interaction partners that bind to them. The present invention also provides HA polypeptides that bind to umbrella-topology glycans, and reagents and methods relating thereto.03-11-2010
20100119494METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS RELATED TO MODULATING THE EXTRACELLULAR STEM CELL ENVIRONMENT - This invention relates, in part, to methods and compositions that modulate the stem cell environment. More specifically, the invention relates, in part, to methods and compositions for modulating stem cell differentiation. Therefore, methods and compositions are provided for modulating glycosaminoglycan moieties, e.g., heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (HSGAG) moieties, in the microenvironment of stem cells. Methods and compositions for promoting or inhibiting embryonic stem cell differentiation (e.g., differentiation into endothelial cells) are also provided. This invention also relates, therefore, in part, to cell populations (e.g., endothelial cell populations or impoverished endothelial cell populations) that can be produced with the methods and compositions provided. Furthermore, the invention relates, in part, to tissues, and uses thereof, formed by the methods and compositions provided. Moreover, the invention also relates, in part, to methods of treatment using the methods and compositions provided.05-13-2010

Patent applications by Aarthi Chandrasekaran, Cambridge, MA US

Appavu Chandrasekaran, Plainsboro, NJ US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080255057PRODRUG SUBSTITUTED BENZOXAZOLES AS ESTROGENIC AGENTS - This invention provides estrogen receptor modulators of formula I, having the structure10-16-2008
20090181932COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING O-SULFATE AND O-PHOSPHATE CONTAINING ARYL SULFONAMIDE DERIVATIVES USEFUL AS beta-AMYLOID INHIBITORS - A synthetic compound characterized by having the structure of formula I or II or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or hydrate thereof is provided. Formula I and formula II are defined as follows.07-16-2009
20090306000TANAPROGET DERIVATIVES, METABOLITES, AND USES THEREOF - A method of generating synthetic metabolites of tanaproget derivatives thereof is provided. These compounds and methods of using these derivatives for detecting tanaproget metabolites in samples are provided.12-10-2009
20130143827TANAPROGET DERIVATIVES, METABOLITES, AND USES THEREOF - A method of generating synthetic metabolites of tanaproget derivatives thereof is provided. These compounds and methods of using these derivatives for detecting tanaproget metabolites in samples are provided.06-06-2013

Patent applications by Appavu Chandrasekaran, Plainsboro, NJ US

Archana Chandrasekaran, Columbus, IN US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20140360166SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR NOX SENSOR DIAGNOSTICS - Systems and methods are disclosed for diagnosing gain rationality of an NOx sensor that is downstream of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. Sensor diagnostics are performed while maintaining reductant dosing to the SCR catalyst.12-11-2014
20150114086TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION FOR PARTICULATE MATTER SENSOR REGENERATION - The present disclosure relates to a controller apparatus for regenerating a particulate matter sensor. The controller apparatus includes a sensing module configured to detect a soot loading on a particulate matter sensor and generate a regeneration request indicating a desired regeneration temperature and a heating module configured to receive the regeneration request and send a heating command signal to a heating element based on the regeneration request. The controller apparatus also includes an electrical resistance module configured to detect an electrical resistance in the heating element, a calibration module configured to determine an actual temperature of the heating element based on a resistance-to-temperature model, and a temperature feedback module configured to modify the heating command signal according to the difference between the desired regeneration temperature and the actual temperature.04-30-2015

Arun Nahendra Raj Chandrasekaran, Broken Arrow, OK US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20140083541FLUID END OF A HIGH PRESSURE PUMP HAVING A GROOVE ADAPTED TO RECEIVE A SPRING RETAINER OF A SUCTION VALVE - A fluid end of a high-pressure pump having a bore, a discharge bore, a suction bore, a valve cover bore, and a cross-bore intersection formed in portions of the fluid end. The bore, discharge bore, valve cover bore, and suction bore each having an opening which opens into the cross-bore intersection with the suction and discharge bores substantially orthogonal to the bore. A groove is formed in a wall of the fluid end within in the cross-bore intersection. The groove traverses a curvilinear path around an open space. The groove has a first section and a second section, each section having a first end and a second end. The first and second sections are separated by a gap proximate the bore and valve cover bore. A spring retainer is received into the groove and secured therein for pump operation.03-27-2014
20140086774FLUID END OF A HIGH PRESSURE PLUNGER PUMP HAVING A GROOVE ADAPTED TO RECEIVE A SPRING RETAINER OF A SUCTION VALVE - A fluid end of a plunger pump has a plunger bore, a discharge bore, a suction bore, a valve cover bore, and a cross-bore intersection formed in portions of the fluid end. The plunger bore, discharge bore, valve cover bore, and suction bore each having an opening which opens into the cross-bore intersection. A valve cover bore axis extends through the opening of the plunger bore which opens into the cross-bore intersection. A groove is formed in the fluid end. The groove traverses a curvilinear path around an open space. Long axes of the discharge bore and suction bore extend into said open space The groove has a first section and a second section. The first section has a first end with a first opening and a second end. The second section has a first end and a second end with an opening. A gap is between said first ends of said first and second sections of said groove. A gap is between said second ends of said first and second sections of said groove. A spring retainer is in the groove.03-27-2014

Casey K. Chandrasekaran, Kennett Square, PA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080233291Method for depositing an inorganic layer to a thermal transfer layer - The invention is a method for depositing an inorganic layer to a laser-induced thermal transfer layer, and to a deposited transfer layer made by the method. In one embodiment, the transfer layer is disposed on a receiver element comprising a glass substrate with black matrix for a color filter comprising red, blue and green transparent pixels formed by laser-induced thermal transfer, and the inorganic layer is an indium-tin oxide transparent electrode grounding layer. The method for depositing the inorganic layer to the transfer layer comprises exposing a laser-induced thermal transfer layer to ultraviolet radiation to produce an exposed transfer layer, treating the exposed transfer layer with a cleaning fluid to produce a cleaned transfer layer, and depositing an inorganic layer in contact with the cleaned transfer layer to produce a deposited transfer layer.09-25-2008

Dayakar Thoddu Chandrasekaran, Waukegan, IL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20150174780IN-LINE PUNCHING MACHINE - A material punching machine includes a guide member defining a material pathway for transporting a piece of material through the machine. The machine also includes a first sensor element disposed adjacent the material pathway for detecting a first position of a trailing edge of the material as the material moves through the material pathway. The machine also includes a second sensor element disposed adjacent the material pathway for detecting a second position of the trailing edge of the material as the material moves through the material pathway. The machine also includes a punch element that punches a first aperture in the piece of material in a first area of the piece of material based on detection of the trailing edge by the first sensor, and punches a second aperture in another area of the piece of material based on detection of the trailing edge by the second sensor.06-25-2015

E.v. Chandrasekaran, Northbrook, IL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100221763Specific Acceptors for Transferases to Saccharides and Method for Obtaining and Using Same - A method for determining substrates specific for a transferase enzyme selected from the group consisting of glycosyltransferases and sulfotransferases. The method includes the steps of: 09-02-2010

Gayathri Chandrasekaran, Somerset, NJ US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20130117382PUSH MESSAGING PLATFORM WITH HIGH SCALABILITY AND HIGH AVAILABILITY - A push messaging platform includes a push server system having push engines (PE) for maintaining persistent connections with mobile devices, and push controllers (PC) for maintaining records of mobile devices' connections. The platform provides high scalability by including a load balancer for distributing connection requests received from mobile devices across the PEs, and dispatchers for forwarding each received message to a PC associated with the mobile device identified in the message. The platform provides high availability by using local backup PCs and remote mirror PCs. A global registered process (GRP) on each PC is linked to a process on a backup PC, and the backup process replaces the GRP if the GRP fails. Local registered processes (LRP) on each PC are linked to corresponding processes on a remotely located mirror PC, and the mirror process replaces the LRP if the LRP fails.05-09-2013
20150289152REMOTE DIAGNOSTICS FOR MOBILE DEVICES - Systems and methods for remote diagnostics are disclosed. In some implementations, a request for a device diagnostic session is provided from a mobile device to a diagnostic server. In response to the request, a messaging service message from the diagnostic server may be received at the mobile device. The messaging service message may include an authentication token. Upon receipt of the messaging service message including the authentication token, a diagnostic client resident at the mobile device may be initialized. Upon authenticating the authentication token included in the received messaging service message, a secure connection for the device diagnostic session may be established between the diagnostic server and the initialized diagnostic client. Diagnostic commands may be received at the diagnostic client from the diagnostic server via the established secure connection. The diagnostic commands may cause the diagnostic server to retrieve device diagnostics of the mobile device.10-08-2015

Hari Chandrasekaran, Pepper Pike, OH US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100308495PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF REACTIVE RUBBER PROCESS AIDS - A process for the manufacture of rubber process aids from blends of vulcanized rubber powders, virgin polymers and thermoplastic resins. The process is carried out in a single stage using an extruder. The extruder is fed in three sections with feed hoppers. Vulcanized rubber powder of selected origin is fed into the hopper in the first section with part of the thermoplastic resin and oxidizing agents. The balance of the thermoplastic resin is fed in the second section. Virgin polymer is fed into the hopper in the third section. The temperature of the extruder is controlled and dwell time of the material passing through each of the extruder's sections is adjusted to ensure adequate mixing of all the polymers whereby a reactive rubber process aid in free flowing particulates is produced that acts as an excellent process aid in rubber processing.12-09-2010

Harl Chandra Chandrasekaran, Pepper Pike, OH US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20130331485Recycled Polymer and Bitumen Composite Asphalt Additive - This invention provides a novel composite of bitumen and recycled polymers from post consumer and pre consumer manufacturing scraps for use in asphalt to increase its viscosity at higher temperature, desirable in pavements of warmer regions. This additive also improves tackiness for use in asphalt sealant applications and roofing membrane. This invention meets federal government objective of increasing post consumer wastes in asphalt.12-12-2013

Jayachandran Chandrasekaran, Houston, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100132257Systems and Methods for Increasing Carbon Dioxide in Gasification - Systems and methods for processing carbonaceous material are provided. In one or more embodiments, a carbonaceous material and water can be mixed to provide a slurried mixture. The water mixed with the carbonaceous material can be at least 90% liquid phase. At least a portion of the slurried mixture can be gasified in the presence of a combustion gas to provide carbonaceous solids and a syngas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. The syngas can be at a temperature of from about 400° C. to about 1,650° C. At least a portion of the carbonaceous solids can be selectively separated from the syngas to provide a syngas product and carbonaceous solids. At least a portion of the separated carbonaceous solids can be combusted in the presence of an oxidant to provide at least a portion of the combustion gas.06-03-2010

Karthik Chandrasekaran, Essex Junction, VT US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120159419MODEL LIBRARY IMPLEMENTATION AND METHODOLOGY FOR WORST CASE PERFORMANCE MODELING FOR SRAM CELLS - Worst case performance of an SRAM cell may be simulated more accurately with less intensive computations. An embodiment includes determining, by a processor, a process corner G of an SRAM cell, having pull-down, pass-gate, and pull-up devices, process corner G being defined as the worst performance of the cell when only global variations of parameters of the SRAM cell are included, setting each of the pull-down, pass-gate, and pull-up devices at process corner G, performing, on the processor, a number of Monte Carlo simulations of the SRAM cell devices around process corner G with only local variations of the parameters, generating a normal probability distribution for I06-21-2012

Krish Chandrasekaran, Baltimore, MD US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20160002623GENES EXPRESSED IN MENTAL ILLNESS AND MOOD DISORDERS - The present invention relates to a composition comprising a plurality of cDNA molecules for use in methods of detecting changes in expression of genes encoding proteins that are associated with mental illnesses and which are differentially expressed in patients with mental illnesses, such as bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, unipolar disorder, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactive disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, anxiety disorders or other related mood disorders. The composition and the cDNA molecules may be used in their entirety or in part as to diagnose, to stage, to treat, and/or to monitor the treatment of a subject with mental illness.01-07-2016

Krish C. Chandrasekaran, Pepper Pike, OH US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100308495PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF REACTIVE RUBBER PROCESS AIDS - A process for the manufacture of rubber process aids from blends of vulcanized rubber powders, virgin polymers and thermoplastic resins. The process is carried out in a single stage using an extruder. The extruder is fed in three sections with feed hoppers. Vulcanized rubber powder of selected origin is fed into the hopper in the first section with part of the thermoplastic resin and oxidizing agents. The balance of the thermoplastic resin is fed in the second section. Virgin polymer is fed into the hopper in the third section. The temperature of the extruder is controlled and dwell time of the material passing through each of the extruder's sections is adjusted to ensure adequate mixing of all the polymers whereby a reactive rubber process aid in free flowing particulates is produced that acts as an excellent process aid in rubber processing.12-09-2010

Naga Chandrasekaran, Boise, ID US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090152629METHODS OF SELECTIVELY OXIDIZING SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES, AND STRUCTURES RESULTING THEREFROM - Methods for selectively oxidizing a semiconductor structure include generating a gas cluster ion beam comprising an oxidizing source gas, directing the gas cluster ion beam to a region of a substrate adjacent a conductive line and exposing the region to the gas cluster ion beam including an oxidizing matter. Utilizing the gas cluster ion beam enables selective oxidation of a targeted region at temperatures substantially lower than those of typical oxidation processes thus, reducing or eliminating oxidation of the conductive line. Semiconductor devices including transistors formed using such methods are also disclosed.06-18-2009
20100244158SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES RESULTING FROM SELECTIVE OXIDATION - Methods for selectively oxidizing a semiconductor structure include generating a gas cluster ion beam comprising an oxidizing source gas, directing the gas cluster ion beam to a region of a substrate adjacent a conductive line and exposing the region to the gas cluster ion beam including an oxidizing matter. Utilizing the gas cluster ion beam enables selective oxidation of a targeted region at temperatures substantially lower than those of typical oxidation processes thus, reducing or eliminating oxidation of the conductive line. Semiconductor devices including transistors formed using such methods are also disclosed.09-30-2010
20110269305METHOD FOR FORMING A FLOATING GATE USING CHEMICAL MECHANICAL PLANARIZATION - An improved process forming a floating gate region of a semiconductor memory device. The process includes using a ceria slurry for chemical mechanical planarization to provide “stop on polysilicon” capabilities, allowing a thin nitride layer, or in the alternative no nitride layer, to be used and reducing the number of processing steps required to form the floating gate region.11-03-2011
20120222717METHODS OF ASSEMBLING SOLAR CELLS INTO AN ASSEMBLY, ASSOCIATED APPARATUS, SOLAR PANEL ASSEMBLIES, AND SOLAR CELLS - A method of assembling elongate solar cells into an assembly may comprise forming a unitary structure comprising a plurality of elongate solar cell precursor structures from a semiconductor wafer and attaching an adhesive surface of a transfer structure to an edge of each of the plurality of elongate solar cell precursor structures. The method may further comprise attaching the plurality of elongate solar cells to an expandable fixture and expanding the expandable fixture to change at least one of an orientation and a position of the plurality of elongate solar cells relative to one another. Additionally, a solar panel assembly may comprise a plurality of elongate solar cells positioned on a substrate, major surfaces of the plurality of elongate solar cells oriented in a non-planar configuration. Furthermore, elongate solar cells may comprise non-linear shapes in an as-formed state. Transfer structures and expandable fixtures useful in performing methods of the disclosure are also described.09-06-2012
20120222720SOLAR PANEL ASSEMBLIES INCLUDING PIVOTALLY MOUNTED SOLAR CELLS AND RELATED METHODS - A solar panel assembly may comprise a support member, a plurality of elongate solar cells, at least one motive member, and at least one actuator. Each elongate solar cell of the plurality may be pivotally coupled to the support member at a first location on each elongate solar cell, and each motive member may be pivotally coupled to each elongate solar cell of the plurality of elongate solar cells at a second location on each elongate solar cell, the second location offset a distance from the first location. Additionally, each actuator may be operably coupled to the at least one motive member. A method of operating a solar panel assembly may comprise rotating each of a plurality of elongate solar cells within the solar panel assembly relative to each other of the plurality of elongate solar cells within the solar panel assembly.09-06-2012
20120223277SLIVER STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF HANDLING SLIVER STRUCTURES - Methods for orienting a plurality of sliver structures include applying at least one directional force to a group of sliver structures each having an orientation material applied to an edge to cause the plurality of sliver structures to orient in a common direction. The method may also include capturing the oriented sliver structures in a capture device to maintain the orientation of the sliver structures in the common direction. The oriented sliver structures may be used to form sub-assemblies such as solar array sub-assemblies that are used to generate solar power. Methods of applying an orientation material to sliver structures and resulting sliver structures are also disclosed.09-06-2012
20120225612Method of Manufacture of Constant Groove Depth Pads - Processing pads for mechanical and/or chemical-mechanical planarization or polishing of substrates in the fabrication of microelectronic devices, methods for making the pads, and methods, apparatus, and systems that utilize and incorporate the processing pads are provided. The processing pads include grooves or other openings in the abrading surface containing a solid or partially solid fill material that can be selectively removed as desired to maintain the fill at an about constant or set distance from the abrading surface of the pad and an about constant depth of the pad openings for multiple processing and conditioning applications over the life of the pad.09-06-2012
20140024297METHODS OF CONDITIONING A PLANARIZING PAD - Processing pads for mechanical and/or chemical-mechanical planarization or polishing of substrates in the fabrication of microelectronic devices, methods for making the pads, and methods, apparatus, and systems that utilize and incorporate the processing pads are provided. The processing pads include grooves or other openings in the abrading surface containing a solid or partially solid fill material that can be selectively removed as desired to maintain the fill at an about constant or set distance from the abrading surface of the pad and an about constant depth of the pad openings for multiple processing and conditioning applications over the life of the pad.01-23-2014

Patent applications by Naga Chandrasekaran, Boise, ID US

Nagasubramaniyan Chandrasekaran, Boise, ID US

Patent applications by Nagasubramaniyan Chandrasekaran, Boise, ID US

Neelakandan Chandrasekaran, Woodbury, MN US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110186518POLYMER COMPOSITION WITH PHYTOCHEMICAL AND DIALYSIS MEMBRANE FORMED FROM THE POLYMER COMPOSITION - A biocompatible polymer composition which includes a matrix material and at least one of an isoflavone and a flavone at least partially dispersed in the matrix material is suited to use in a membrane for hemodialysis and other in vivo and in vitro applications.08-04-2011
20110233138POLYMER COMPOSITION AND DIALYSIS MEMBRANE FORMED FROM THE POLYMER COMPOSITION - A biocompatible polymer composition suited to forming a dialysis membrane includes a matrix material and at least one xanthone. The composition may be formed into a membrane for inserting into a dialyzer filter whereby free radicals in the fluid are removed by the membrane.09-29-2011
20130147076METHOD OF DETECTING A COMPONENT OF AN ARTICLE AND METHOD OF PREPARING A COMPONENT FOR DETECTION - A method of detecting the presence or position of a first component in an article is disclosed. The first component, which has a predefined response to incident light, includes a microporous film of a semi-crystalline polyolefin and a beta-nucleating agent. The method includes irradiating the article with incident light, detecting light received from the irradiated article; and identifying the predefined response of the first component in the light received from the irradiated article to detect the presence or the position of the first component. A method for preparing a mechanical fastening component for use in an article is also disclosed. The method includes stretching a film backing containing beta-spherulites and having upstanding fastening elements to provide a microporous film backing with sufficient porosity to allow it to be detected when subjected to an inspection system comprising a light detector.06-13-2013
20130149488STRUCTURED FILM CONTAINING BETA-NUCLEATING AGENT AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME - A structured film of a semi-crystalline polyolefin and a beta-nucleating agent is disclosed. The structured film has a backing and upstanding posts attached to the backing. At least a portion of the film typically includes beta-spherulites. In some embodiments, the backing is microporous while the upstanding posts have lower porosity. A method of making a structured film is also disclosed. The method includes extruding a melt of a polyolefin and a beta-nucleating agent in the presence of a tool to provide the structured film having upstanding posts on a backing and cooling at least a portion of the structured film to a temperature sufficient to form beta-spherulites. In some embodiments, the method further includes stretching the structured film containing beta-spherulites to provide micropores in the backing.06-13-2013
20140349062RETICULATED THERMOPLASTIC FILM AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME - A reticulated thermoplastic film includes a backing with openings and discrete elements protruding from the first major surface. There are two discrete elements aligned in a first direction abutting opposite ends of any given opening. In a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, there is one discrete element between the given opening and an adjacent opening aligned in the second direction. Each portion of the backing around the given opening is plastically deformed in its lengthwise direction and typically has higher stretch-induced molecular orientation at its edge adjacent the given opening than at its midpoint. The openings are often retractable. A method of making a reticulated thermoplastic film is also disclosed. The method includes stretching a thermoplastic backing with a plurality of discrete elements in the first direction. Subsequently stretching the backing in the second direction forms a tear in the backing between two adjacent discrete elements.11-27-2014
20140349079LAMINATES INCLUDING A RETICULATED THERMOPLASTIC FILM AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME - A laminate of an at least partially reticulated thermoplastic film joined to an extensible carrier. The reticulated thermoplastic film includes a backing with openings and discrete elements protruding from the first major surface. There are two discrete elements aligned in a first direction abutting opposite ends of any given opening. In a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, there is one discrete element between the given opening and an adjacent opening aligned in the second direction. Each portion of the thermoplastic backing around the given opening is plastically deformed in its lengthwise direction. A method of making a laminate is also disclosed. The method includes stretching a thermoplastic backing having a plurality of discrete elements in the first direction and laminating the backing to an extensible carrier. Subsequently stretching the laminate in a second direction forms a tear in the thermoplastic backing between two adjacent of the discrete elements.11-27-2014
20140350507MECHANICAL FASTENER, FASTENING SYSTEM, AND DISPOSABLE ABSORBENT ARTICLE - A mechanical fastener is disclosed that includes a thermoplastic backing and multiple, upstanding fastening elements that have a post with a proximal end attached to the thermoplastic backing and a distal end comprising a cap larger in area than a cross-sectional area of the post. The basis weight of the mechanical fastener is in a range from 25 grams per square meter to 75 grams per square meter, and the height of the multiple, upstanding fastening elements is up to 300 micrometers. Fastening systems and disposable absorbent articles including the mechanical fastener are also disclosed.11-27-2014

Patent applications by Neelakandan Chandrasekaran, Woodbury, MN US

Nirmal Chandrasekaran, West New York, NJ US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20130329588BEHAVIOR-BASED NETWORK OPTIMIZATION THROUGH CELL CLUSTERING - The techniques and systems described herein are directed, in part, to optimizing network performance by clustering cell sites of the network based on performance patterns and then optimizing each cluster of cell sites, thereby optimizing performance of a network as a whole. The cell sites may be base stations, radio access networks, and/or other hardware that directly or indirectly exchanges communications with user devices such as mobile telecommunication devices (e.g., user handsets, user hardware, etc.). By optimizing the clusters of cell sites, a service provider (e.g., a telecommunications company, etc.) may improve network performance in less time and/or with less capital resources than attempting to optimize each cell site on an individual basis.12-12-2013

Nithya Chandrasekaran, Collierville, TN US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120022650METHOD FOR PREPARING BIOMEDICAL SURFACES - A method for selectively dissolving the beta (β) phase of a titanium alloy out of the surface of the alloy, thereby leaving behind a nano-scale porous surface having enhanced bonding properties with either a biological tissue, such as bone, or an adhesive material, such as a polymer or ceramic by immersing the alloy in an ionic aqueous solution containing high levels of hydrogen peroxide and then exposing the alloy to an electrochemical voltage process resulting in the selective dissolution of the beta phase to form a nano-topographic metallic surface.01-26-2012

Rajesh Chandrasekaran, Arlington, MA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20140040257DASHBOARD VIEWS OF TASK ACTIVITY - Various embodiments illustrated and described herein provide include at least one of systems, methods, and software providing dashboard views of task activity data. Some embodiments include servicing dashboard view requests by retrieving a dashboard configuration that identifies at least one chart template of a chart to be included in the dashboard view and identifying user and activity data to populate respective charts generated based on the respective at least one chart templates. Such embodiments further include retrieving each of the at least one chart template and the respective user and user activity data to populate respective at least one chart. The retrieved chart templates are then processed to incorporate the respective user and user activity data into a respective chart rendering generated based thereon, and each chart rendering is added to a dashboard view data structure which may then be transmitted to a requestor for viewing.02-06-2014

Rajiv Chandrasekaran, Bridgewater, NJ US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120286865Pre-Distortion Architecture for Compensating Non-Linear Effects - An input signal is pre-distorted to reduce distortion resulting from subsequent signal amplification. Frequency-dependent pre-distortion is preferably implemented in combination with frequency-independent pre-distortion, where the frequency-dependent pre-distortion is generated by expanding the derivative of a product of a pre-distortion function and the input signal and then relaxing constraints on the pre-distortion function and/or on frequency-dependent filtering associated with the frequency-dependent pre-distortion. In one implementation, four different frequency-dependent pre-distortion signals are generated for the expansion using up to four different pre-distortion functions and up to four different frequency-dependent filters.11-15-2012
20120286985Interpolation-Based Digital Pre-Distortion Architecture - A non-linear amplifier is linearized using interpolation-based digital pre-distortion (DPD). In one embodiment, the digital input signal is interpolated to generate a higher-sample-rate signal that is then pre-distorted. The resulting higher-sample-rate pre-distorted signal is then decimated to generate a final pre-distorted digital signal that is converted into an analog pre-distorted signal by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) before being applied to the amplifier. In a polyphase embodiment, different versions of the original input digital signal are generated, where each version is then pre-distorted using a different DPD module to generate a different intermediate pre-distorted digital signal. The intermediate pre-distorted signals are filtered and combined to generate the final pre-distorted digital signal. In both embodiments, better linearization (e.g., less aliasing) can be achieved without increasing the sample rate of the DAC and, in the polyphase embodiment, without increasing the processing speed of the DPD modules.11-15-2012
20120288028Digital Pre-Distortion With Carrier Cancellation - A non-linear power amplifier generates an amplified output signal based on a pre-distorted signal generated by a digital pre-distorter (DPD) based on an input signal. A feedback path generates a feedback signal based on the amplified output signal. The feedback signal is aligned with the input signal, or vice versa, and the aligned signals are used to adaptively update the DPD processing. In particular, a linear FIR filter is estimated to minimize a cost function based on the input and feedback signals. Depending on how the filter is generated, the filter is applied to the input signal or to the feedback signal to generate the aligned input and feedback signals.11-15-2012
20150091777Antenna Radome With Removeably Connected Electronics Module - In one embodiment, an antenna assembly in a cellular network has a radome that houses a plurality of antenna arrays and an electronics module. The electronics module has a weatherproof housing that encloses electronics for processing signals received by and transmitted from a first of the antenna arrays. The electronics module is physically removeably connected to an outer surface of the radome and electrically removeably connected to the first antenna array, such that the electronics module can be removed without (i) disrupting service to other antenna arrays and (ii) removing the antenna assembly from the cell tower on which the antenna assembly is installed.04-02-2015

Ramalakshmi Y. Chandrasekaran, Gales Ferry, CT US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120157440NOVEL FUSED PYRIDINE COMPOUNDS AS CASEIN KINASE INHIBITORS - Compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds are disclosed, wherein the compounds have the structure of Formula I:06-21-2012
20120220568Histamine-3 Receptor Antagonists - This invention is directed to a compound of formula I,08-30-2012

Ramaswamy Chandrasekaran, Plano, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090028560System and Method for Implementing Dynamic Scheduling of Data in a Non-Blocking All-Optical Switching Network - A non-blocking optical matrix core switching method that includes maintaining a schedule for routing data through an optical matrix core and receiving and analyzing reports from peripheral devices. The method determines whether the schedule is adequate for the current data traffic patterns and if the schedule is not adequate a new schedule is implemented. The new schedule is then transferred to the peripheral devices for implementation and the new schedule is transferred to the optical matrix core scheduler. Implementation of the new schedule as the schedule on the peripheral devices and the optical matrix core scheduler is then performed.01-29-2009

Patent applications by Ramaswamy Chandrasekaran, Plano, TX US

Ramesh M. Chandrasekaran, Plano, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120008834Motion Detection in Video with Large Areas of Detail - A method for motion detection is provided that includes determining a first motion measure for a pixel based on differences between first neighboring pixels of the pixel, determining a detail measure for the pixel, wherein the detail measure is indicative of an amount of detail in second neighboring pixels of the pixel, adapting a first coring threshold and a first gain of a first transfer function based on the detail measure, and using the adapted first transfer function to map the first motion measure to a first motion parameter.01-12-2012

Ramya Chandrasekaran, Acton, MA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20150044871METHOD FOR INCREASING ADHESION OF COPPER TO POLYMERIC SURFACES - Techniques disclosed herein a method and system for conditioning a polymeric layer on a substrate to enable adhesion of a metal layer to the polymeric layer. Techniques may include conditioning the polymeric layer with nitrogen-containing plasma to generate a nitride layer on the surface of the polymeric layer. In another embodiment, the conditioning may include depositing a CuN layer using a lower power copper sputtering process in a nitrogen rich environment. Following the condition process, a higher power copper deposition or sputtering process may be used to deposit copper onto the polymeric layer with good adhesion properties.02-12-2015

Senthil K. Chandrasekaran, Tampa, FL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120128139Methods and Systems for Aggregating and Graphically Representing Information Associated with a Telecommunications Circuit - Exemplary systems and methods for aggregating and graphically representing information associated with a telecommunications circuit are disclosed. An exemplary method includes a telecommunications management subsystem receiving, from a plurality of backend telecommunications subsystems, data representative of information associated with a telecommunications circuit, aggregating the data representative of the information associated with the telecommunications circuit, providing a portal configured for access by a user associated with the telecommunications circuit, and displaying, within the portal, a graphical user interface including a graphical representation of the telecommunications circuit. Corresponding methods and systems are also disclosed.05-24-2012

Shankar Chandrasekaran, Bangalore, IN US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120291570SENSOR ASSEMBLIES AND METHODS OF ASSEMBLING SAME - A method for assembling a sensor assembly includes providing a sensing device configured to measure at least one variable. The method also includes at least partially enclosing a magnetic material within an enclosure. At least a portion of the enclosure is manufactured from a material having a permeability that facilitates forming a magnetic field therein. The method also includes coupling the sensing device to a first portion of the enclosure. The enclosure includes at least one second portion that is movable with respect to the first portion of the enclosure such that a magnetic coupling force is induced external to the enclosure to facilitate coupling the sensor assembly to a magnetic surface.11-22-2012

Siddarth Chandrasekaran, Ithaca, NY US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20130012413IN VITRO ASSAYS FOR ENRICHING AND DETERMINING THE CLONOGENIC POTENTIAL OF STEM CELLS - A method of enriching stem or progenitor cells that includes growing a heterogeneous cell sample comprising stem and/or progenitor cells on a first substrate that is hydrophobic and has an elastic modulus less than about 100 MPa; recovering the heterogeneous cell sample from the first substrate; growing the recovered heterogeneous cell sample on a second substrate that is hydrophilic and has an elastic modulus higher than the elastic modulus of the first substrate to produce a subpopulation of nonadherent cells and a subpopulation of adherent cells; and recovering the nonadherent cell subpopulation, which is enriched for stem and/or progenitor cells. The invention also relates to a method of determining the clonogenic potential of a cell, such as a cancer stem cell enriched using the enrichment method described herein.01-10-2013

Sridharan Chandrasekaran, Houston, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20150075274Evaluating a Condition of a Downhole Component of a Drillstring - Methods, systems and products for evaluating a downhole component condition for a drilling assembly in a borehole. Methods include estimating a bending moment on the component at a selected depth along the borehole; estimating a number of rotations of the component at the selected depth; and estimating the condition of the component using the estimated bending moment and the estimated number of rotations at the selected depth. Estimated bending moment may be derived from a borehole model using an estimated deviation on a selected length of the borehole about the selected depth. The condition may be accumulated fatigue or estimated remaining useful life. Estimating the condition may include tracking a total estimated number of rotations wherein the component is subjected to bending moment values in a corresponding moment window, which may be greater than a predetermined threshold bending moment. Weight factors may be associated with at least one moment window.03-19-2015

Sriram Chandrasekaran, Lucas, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20140016367Magnetic Device and Power Converter Employing the Same - A magnetic device and power converter employing the same. In one embodiment, the magnetic device includes a first L-core segment including a first leg and a second leg extending therefrom, and an opposing second L-core segment including a first leg and a second leg extending therefrom. The magnetic device also includes a winding formed around at least one of the first leg and the second leg of the first L-core segment or the second L-core segment.01-16-2014
20140016369Magnetic Device and Power Converter Employing the Same - A magnetic device and power converter employing the same. In one embodiment, the magnetic device includes a first L-core segment including a first leg and a second leg extending therefrom, and an opposing second L-core segment including a first leg and a second leg extending therefrom. The magnetic device also includes a winding formed around at least one of the first leg and the second leg of the first L-core segment or the second L-core segment.01-16-2014
20140016370Magnetic Device and Power Converter Employing the Same - A magnetic device and power converter employing the same. In one embodiment, the magnetic device includes a first L-core segment including a first leg and a second leg extending therefrom, and an opposing second L-core segment including a first leg and a second leg extending therefrom. The magnetic device also includes a winding formed around at least one of the first leg and the second leg of the first L-core segment or the second L-core segment.01-16-2014
20140016371Magnetic Device and Power Converter Employing the Same - A magnetic device and power converter employing the same. In one embodiment, the magnetic device includes a first L-core segment including a first leg and a second leg extending therefrom, and an opposing second L-core segment including a first leg and a second leg extending therefrom. The magnetic device also includes a winding formed around at least one of the first leg and the second leg of the first L-core segment or the second L-core segment.01-16-2014

Sriram Chandrasekaran, Dallas, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100254168Magnetic Device Formed with U-Shaped Core Pieces and Power Converter Employing the Same - A magnetic device formed with U-shaped core pieces employable in a power converter, and a method of forming the same. In one embodiment, the magnetic device includes a rectilinear core piece formed of a magnetic material, and first and second U-shaped core pieces positioned on the rectilinear core piece. The magnetic device also includes first and second conductive windings formed about the first and second U-shaped core pieces, respectively.10-07-2010
20140009970Controller for a Power Converter and Method of Operating the Same - A burst mode controller for a power converter and method of operating the same. In one embodiment, the burst mode controller includes a burst mode initiate circuit configured to initiate a burst mode of operation when a signal representing an output voltage of the power converter crosses a first burst threshold level. The burst mode controller also includes a voltage elevate circuit configured to provide a voltage elevate signal to raise the output voltage if a time window expires before the signal representing the output voltage of the power converter crosses a second burst threshold level.01-09-2014
20140016368Magnetic Device and Power Converter Employing the Same - A magnetic device and power converter employing the same. In one embodiment, the magnetic device includes a first L-core segment including a first leg and a second leg extending therefrom, and an opposing second L-core segment including a first leg and a second leg extending therefrom. The magnetic device also includes a winding formed around at least one of the first leg and the second leg of the first L-core segment or the second L-core segment.01-16-2014
20140169049Controller for a Power Converter and Method of Operating the Same - A controller for a power converter and method of operating the same. In one embodiment, the controller includes a current-sense device couplable in series with switched terminals of power switches of interleaved switching regulators and configured to produce a current-sense signal. The controller also includes an error amplifier configured to produce an error signal as a function of a characteristic of the power converter. The controller also includes a duty-cycle controller configured to sample the current-sense signal at mid-points of duty cycles of the power switches and regulate the characteristic as a function of the error signal and the current-sense signal.06-19-2014

Sriram Chandrasekaran, Round Rock, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080224812ISOLATED POWER CONVERTER - There is provided an isolated power converter. More particularly, in one embodiment, there is provided a power converter including a first magnetic core having a primary winding and a secondary winding around the first magnetic core. The power converter also includes a second magnetic core having a first leg, a second leg coupled to the first leg, and a third leg coupled to the first and second legs, wherein a part of the third leg is equidistant from the first leg and the second leg. The power converter also has a first winding encircling the first leg, a first end of the first winding coupled to the secondary winding, a second winding encircling the second leg, a first end of the second winding coupled to the secondary winding, and a third winding encircling the third leg, a first end of the third winding coupled to a second end of the first wining and to a second end of the second winding.09-18-2008
20090097290Isolated Power Converter - An isolated power converter that includes, in one embodiment, a first magnetic core having a primary winding and a secondary winding around the first magnetic core. The power converter includes a second magnetic core having a first leg, a second leg coupled to the first leg, and a third leg coupled to the first and second legs, wherein a part of the third leg is equidistant from the first leg and the second leg. The power converter also includes a first winding encircling the first leg, a first end of the first winding coupled to the secondary winding, a second winding encircling the second leg, a first end of the second winding coupled to the secondary winding, and a third winding encircling the third leg, a first end of the third winding coupled to a second end of the first winding and to a second end of the second winding.04-16-2009

Sundaresan Chandrasekaran, Schaumburg, IL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20130117151GIFT REGISTRY - A social gift registry provides tools to aid those planning for major milestones in life to engage a network of friends, family, and others in communicating information about the life event, helping to identify and track gifts for the celebrants, and enabling the management of the activities involved in the celebration.05-09-2013
20140038703CONTESTS AND SWEEPSTAKES - A system and method that supports activities such as contests and sweepstakes within a social network environment.02-06-2014

Swaminathan Chandrasekaran, Coppell, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20130246129DISCOVERY AND REALIZATION OF BUSINESS MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS - A method for providing discovery and realization of business measurement concepts may include providing at least one interface configured to receive an input from an operator associated with an organization, determining a selected set of glossary terms from a repository including a plurality of glossaries based at least in part on the input where the glossaries relate to different performance indicator components that are combinable to define a measurable performance indicator, and generating at least one performance indicator of the organization based on the selected set of glossary terms.09-19-2013

Venkatagiri Chandrasekaran, Austin, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110271034MULTIPLE PARTITIONED EMULATED ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE (EEE) MEMORY AND METHOD OF OPERATION - A method and system wherein a volatile memory is partitioned to have a first percentage of address space dedicated to a first classification of data which is data that is expected to have greater than a predetermined number of times of being modified and a second percentage of address space dedicated to a second classification of data which is data that is expected to have less than the predetermined probability of being modified. Address assignment of data to be stored in the volatile memory is made on a basis of predicted change of the data. Memory addresses of the first and second percentages of address space are respectively assigned to first and second sections of nonvolatile memory. The memory addresses of the first percentage initially consume a smaller percentage of an address map of the first section than the memory addresses of the second percentage of the second section.11-03-2011
20110271035EMULATED ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE (EEE) MEMORY AND METHOD OF OPERATION - A system has an emulation memory having a plurality of sectors for storing information. A controller calculates a number of addresses used divided by a number of valid records in a predetermined address range of the emulation memory. An amount of remaining addresses in a currently used space of the emulation memory which have not been used to store information is calculated. A determination is made whether the calculation is greater than a first predetermined number and whether the amount of remaining addresses is greater than a second predetermined number. If both the fraction is greater than the first predetermined number and the amount of remaining addresses is greater than the second predetermined number, any subsequent update requests are responded to using the currently used space of the emulation memory. Otherwise a compression of the emulation memory is required by copying valid data to an available sector.11-03-2011

Venkataraman Chandrasekaran, Mansfield, MA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110110550Microphone with Variable Low Frequency Cutoff - A microphone system has a package with an interior, a MEMS microphone within the package interior and forming a backvolume between it and the package interior, and a MEMS valve coupled with at least one input aperture in the package. The package defines at least one input aperture (e.g., the prior noted aperture) for receiving an acoustic signal, and the MEMS microphone is mechanically coupled to at least a portion of one input aperture. The valve has a valve opening generally circumscribed by a valve seat. The valve is considered as having an open mode for permitting acoustic signal access into the package interior through the valve opening, and a closed mode for substantially preventing acoustic signal access into the package interior through the valve opening. The valve has a movable member configured to contact the valve seat when in the closed mode. This movable member is configured to move between the open mode and the closed mode in a direction that is generally perpendicular to the valve seat.05-12-2011

Vinodh Chandrasekaran, Suwanee, GA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110114171SOLAR CELL INCLUDING SPUTTERED REFLECTIVE LAYER - Solar cells and methods for their manufacture are disclosed. An exemplary method may include providing a semiconductor substrate and introducing dopant atoms to a front surface of the substrate. The substrate may be annealed to drive the dopant atoms deeper in the substrate to produce a p-n junction while also forming front and back passivation layers. A reflective surface is sputtered on the back surface of the solar cell. It protects and generates hydrogen to passivate one or more substrate-passivation layer interfaces at the same time as forming an anti-reflective layer on the front surface of the substrate. Fire-through of front and back contacts as well as metallization with contact connections may be performed in a single co-firing operation. Associated solar cells are also provided.05-19-2011
20110132444SOLAR CELL INCLUDING SPUTTERED REFLECTIVE LAYER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF - Solar cells and methods for their manufacture are disclosed. An exemplary method may include providing a semiconductor substrate and introducing dopant atoms to a front surface of the substrate. The substrate may be annealed to drive the dopant atoms deeper in the substrate to produce a p-n junction while also forming front and back passivation layers. A reflective surface is sputtered on the back surface of the solar cell. It protects and generates hydrogen to passivate one or more substrate-passivation layer interfaces at the same time as forming an anti-reflective layer on the front surface of the substrate. Fire-through of front and back contacts as well as metallization with contact connections may be performed in a single co-firing operation. Associated solar cells are also provided.06-09-2011
20110132448SOLAR CELLS AND METHODS OF FABRICATION THEREOF - Solar cells and methods for fabrication thereof are provided. A method may include forming a via through at least one dielectric layer formed on a semiconductor wafer by using a laser to ablate a region of the at least one dielectric layer such that at least a portion of the surface of the semiconductor wafer is exposed by the via. The method may further include applying a self-doping metal paste to the via. The method may additionally include heating the semiconductor wafer and self-doping metal paste to a temperature sufficient to drive at least some dopant from the self-doping metal paste into the portion of the surface of the semiconductor wafer exposed by the via to form a selective emitter region and a contact overlying and self-aligned to the selective emitter region.06-09-2011
20110139229SELECTIVE EMITTER SOLAR CELLS FORMED BY A HYBRID DIFFUSION AND ION IMPLANTATION PROCESS - Solar cells and methods for their manufacture are disclosed. An example method may include providing a silicon substrate and introducing dopant to one or more selective regions of the front surface of the substrate by ion implantation. The substrate may be subjected to a single high-temperature anneal cycle. Additional dopant atoms may be introduced for diffusion into the front surface of the substrate during the single anneal cycle. A selective emitter may be formed on the front surface of the substrate such that the one or more selective regions of the selective emitter layer are more heavily doped than the remainder of the selective emitter layer. Associated solar cells are also provided.06-16-2011
20110139230ION IMPLANTED SELECTIVE EMITTER SOLAR CELLS WITH IN SITU SURFACE PASSIVATION - Solar cells and methods for their manufacture are disclosed. An example method may include providing a p-type doped silicon substrate and introducing n-type dopant to a first and second region of the front surface of the substrate by ion implantation so that the second region is more heavily doped than the first region. The substrate may be subjected to a single high-temperature anneal cycle to activate the dopant, drive the dopant into the substrate, produce a p-n junction, and form a selective emitter. Oxygen may be introduced during the single anneal cycle to form in situ front and back passivating oxide layers. Fire-through of front and back contacts as well as metallization with contact connections may be performed in a single co-firing operation. Associated solar cells are also provided.06-16-2011
20110139231BACK JUNCTION SOLAR CELL WITH SELECTIVE FRONT SURFACE FIELD - Solar cells and methods for their manufacture are disclosed. An example method may include fabricating an n-type silicon substrate and introducing n-type dopant to one or more first and second regions of the substrate so that the second region is more heavily doped than the first region. The substrate may be subjected to a single high-temperature anneal cycle to form a selective front surface field layer. Oxygen may be introduced during the single anneal cycle to form in situ front and back passivating oxide layers. Fire-through of front and back contacts as well as metallization with contact connections may be performed in a single co-firing operation. The firing of the back contact may form a p06-16-2011
20120107998ION IMPLANTED SOLAR CELLS WITH IN SITU SURFACE PASSIVATION - Solar cells and methods for their manufacture are disclosed. An example method may include providing a substrate comprising a base layer and introducing n-type dopant to the front surface of the base layer by ion implantation. The substrate may be annealed by heating the substrate to a temperature to anneal the implant damage and activate the introduced dopant, thereby forming an n-type doped layer into the front surface of the base layer. Oxygen may be introduced during the annealing step to form a passivating oxide layer on the n-type doped layer. Back contacts may be screen-printed on the back surface of the base layer, and a p-type doped layer may be formed at the interface of the back surface of the base layer and the back contacts during firing of the back contacts. The back contacts may provide an electrical connection to the p-type doped layer.05-03-2012
20120125416SELECTIVE EMITTER SOLAR CELLS FORMED BY A HYBRID DIFFUSION AND ION IMPLANTATION PROCESS - Solar cells and methods for their manufacture are disclosed. An example solar cell may comprise a substrate comprising a p-type base layer and an n-type selective emitter layer formed over the p-type base layer. The n-type selective emitter layer may comprise one or more first doped regions comprising implanted dopant and one or more second doped regions comprising diffused dopant. The one or more first doped regions may be more heavily doped than the one or more second doped regions. A p-n junction may be formed at the interface of the base layer and the selective emitter layer, such that the p-n junction and the selective emitter layer are both formed during a single anneal cycle.05-24-2012
20120279563SOLDERABLE INTERCONNECT APPARATUS FOR INTERCONNECTING SOLAR CELLS - Interconnect apparatus and methods for their manufacture are disclosed. An example method for forming a solderable connection to a conductive surface may include forming one or more solderable metal regions on the conductive surface, for example an aluminum surface. The method may comprise applying a solder layer to the one or more solderable metal regions to form one or more soldered metal regions. The method may further comprise depositing one or more solderable metal regions on the conductive surface by plasma deposition. In other examples, the one or more solderable metal regions may be sputtered. Additionally, the method may comprise applying a flux to the one or more solderable metal regions prior to applying the solder layer to the one or more solderable metal regions. An interconnect ribbon may be soldered to at least one of the solder layer or the solderable metal regions. Associated interconnect apparatus are also provided.11-08-2012
20140090702BUS BAR FOR A SOLAR CELL - Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to a reduced-area bus bar for collecting current from contacts on the surface of a solar cell. According to various embodiments described herein, a reduced-area bus bar is provided having a width that varies at various points along its longitudinal axis. In particular, the larger width portions of the reduced-area bus bar are configured to provide sufficient pull strength when an interconnecting ribbon is soldered along the bus bar, while the smaller width portions of the reduced-area bus bar enable a reduction in the material required to form the bus bar. Additionally, various embodiments are contemplated in which the reduced-area bus bar comprises a series of segments disposed in a spaced-apart relationship along the bus bar's longitudinal axis.04-03-2014

Patent applications by Vinodh Chandrasekaran, Suwanee, GA US

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