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| 20080319062 | DISINFECTANT AND METHOD OF USE - A non-toxic environmentally friendly aqueous disinfectant is disclosed for specific use as prevention against contamination by potentially pathogenic bacteria, fungi and virus. The aqueous disinfectant is formulated by electrolytically generating silver ions in water in combination with a citric acid. The aqueous disinfectant has many potential uses including bacteria, fungus and viral treatment, water treatment, medical treatment as well as for preserving consumable and non-consumable products. | 12-25-2008 |
| 20090099257 | COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR TREATING ACNE - A composition and process is disclosed for treating an acne infection with a composition of electrolytically generated silver citrate. The composition of electrolytically generated silver citrate may be applied topically to the acne infection in an aqueous solution or may be incorporated within a cosmetic product. The acne composition may be combined with a composition component such as a cosmetic, a lotion, an emulsion, a gel or a soap. | 04-16-2009 |
| 20100012593 | PROCESS FOR TREATING WATER - A process is disclosed for treating impure water by introducing a solution of electrolyticially generated silver citrate into the impure water wherein the silver is electrolytically generated in a solution of citric acid and water. | 01-21-2010 |
| 20100099759 | AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS OF SILVER DIHYDROGEN CITRATE - A method for treating a plant, the method comprising contacting a composition comprising silver dihydrogen citrate with at least one of the plant, a portion of soil and/or groundwater proximal to the plant, or a combination thereof. | 04-22-2010 |
| 20100324135 | DISINFECTANT AND METHOD OF MAKING - A non-toxic environmentally friendly aqueous disinfectant is disclosed for specific use as prevention against contamination by potentially pathogenic bacteria and virus. The aqueous disinfectant is formulated by electrolytically generating silver ions in water in combination with a citric acid. The aqueous disinfectant may include a suitable alcohol and/or a detergent. The aqueous disinfectant has been shown to be very effective at eliminating standard indicator organisms such as | 12-23-2010 |
| 20110009484 | DISINFECTANT AND METHOD OF MAKING - A non-toxic environmentally friendly aqueous disinfectant is disclosed for specific use as prevention against contamination by potentially pathogenic bacteria and virus. The aqueous disinfectant is formulated by electrolytically generating silver ions in water in combination with a citric acid. The aqueous disinfectant may include a suitable alcohol and/or a detergent. The aqueous disinfectant has been shown to be very effective at eliminating standard indicator organisms such as staphylococcus aureus, salmonella cholerasuis and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 01-13-2011 |
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| 20090148714 | METHOD OF PREPARING HIGH DENSITY METAL OXIDE LAYERS AND THE LAYERS PRODUCED THEREBY - A method for the production of an oxide layer, involving oxidizing a metal surface, wherein the metal surface is electrically connected to an electronic control unit (ECU);
| 06-11-2009 |
| 20100187123 | CONVERSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO ORGANIC PRODUCTS - The invention relates to various embodiments of an environmentally beneficial method for reducing carbon dioxide. The methods in accordance with the invention include electrochemically or photoelectrochemically reducing the carbon dioxide in a divided electrochemical cell that includes an anode, e.g., an inert metal counterelectrode, in one cell compartment and a metal or p-type semiconductor cathode electrode in another cell compartment that also contains an aqueous solution of an electrolyte and a catalyst of one or more substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amines to produce therein a reduced organic product. | 07-29-2010 |
| 20120132538 | ELECTROCHEMICAL PRODUCTION OF BUTANOL FROM CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER - Methods and systems for electrochemical production of butanol are disclosed. A method may include, but is not limited to, steps (A) to (D). Step (A) may introduce water to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell. The first compartment may include an anode. Step (B) may introduce carbon dioxide to a second compartment of the electrochemical cell. The second compartment may include a solution of an electrolyte, a catalyst, and a cathode. Step (C) may apply an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode in the electrochemical cell sufficient for the cathode to reduce the carbon dioxide to a product mixture. Step (D) may separate butanol from the product mixture. | 05-31-2012 |
| 20120171583 | GAS PHASE ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE - Methods and systems for gas phase electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide are disclosed. A method for gas phase electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide may include, but is not limited to, steps (A) to (C). Step (A) may include introducing a substantially gas phase fuel to an anode flow field of an anode of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Said anode may be a gas diffusion electrode. Step (B) may include introducing a substantially gas phase carbon dioxide to a cathode flow field of a cathode of said PEM fuel cell. Said cathode may be a chemically modified gas diffusion electrode including a coating of a polymer aromatic amine. Step (C) may include reducing at least a portion of said substantially gas phase carbon dioxide to a product mixture at said cathode. | 07-05-2012 |
| 20120175269 | ADVANCED AROMATIC AMINE HETEROCYCLIC CATALYSTS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION - Methods and systems for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide using advanced aromatic amine heterocyclic catalysts are disclosed. A method for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide may include, but is not limited to, steps (A) to (C). Step (A) may introduce water to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell. Said first compartment may include an anode. Step (B) may introduce carbon dioxide to a second compartment of said electrochemical cell. Said second compartment may include a solution of an electrolyte, a catalyst, and a cathode. Said catalyst may include at least two aromatic amine heterocycles that are at least one of (a) fused or (b) configured to become electronically conjugated upon one electron reduction. Step (C) may apply an electrical potential between said anode and said cathode in said electrochemical cell sufficient for said cathode to reduce said carbon dioxide to a product mixture. | 07-12-2012 |
| 20120247969 | CONVERSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO ORGANIC PRODUCTS - The invention relates to various embodiments of an environmentally beneficial method for reducing carbon dioxide. The methods in accordance with the invention include electrochemically or photoelectrochemically reducing the carbon dioxide in a divided electrochemical cell that includes an anode, e.g., an inert metal counterelectrode, in one cell compartment and a metal or p-type semiconductor cathode electrode in another cell compartment that also contains an aqueous solution of an electrolyte and a catalyst of one or more substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amines to produce therein a reduced organic product. | 10-04-2012 |
| 20120277465 | REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, GLYCOLS, AND CARBOXYLATES - Methods and systems for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to carboxylic acids, glycols, and carboxylates are disclosed. A method may include, but is not limited to, steps (A) to (D). Step (A) may introduce water to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell. The first compartment may include an anode. Step (B) may introduce carbon dioxide to a second compartment of the electrochemical cell. The second compartment may include a solution of an electrolyte and a cathode. Step (C) may apply an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode in the electrochemical cell sufficient to reduce the carbon dioxide to a carboxylic acid intermediate. Step (D) may contact the carboxylic acid intermediate with hydrogen to produce a reaction product. | 11-01-2012 |
| 20130098772 | Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Organic Products - The invention relates to various embodiments of an environmentally beneficial method for reducing carbon dioxide. The methods in accordance with the invention include electrochemically or photoelectrochemically reducing the carbon dioxide in a divided electrochemical cell that includes an anode, e.g., an inert metal counterelectrode, in one cell compartment and a metal or p-type semiconductor cathode electrode in another cell compartment that also contains an aqueous solution of an electrolyte and a catalyst of one or more substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amines to produce therein a reduced organic product. | 04-25-2013 |
| 20130118910 | System and Method for Oxidizing Organic Compounds While Reducing Carbon Dioxide - Methods and systems for electrochemically generating an oxidation product and a reduction product may include one or more operations including, but not limited to: receiving a feed of at least one organic compound into an anolyte region of an electrochemical cell including an anode; at least partially oxidizing the at least one organic compound at the anode to generate at least carbon dioxide; receiving a feed including carbon dioxide into a catholyte region of the electrochemical cell including a cathode; and at least partially reducing carbon dioxide to generate a reduction product at the cathode. | 05-16-2013 |
| 20130140187 | Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 with Co-Oxidation of an Alcohol - The present disclosure is a system and method for producing a first product from a first region of an electrochemical cell having a cathode and a second product from a second region of the electrochemical cell having an anode. The method may include the step of contacting the first region of the electrochemical cell with a catholyte comprising an alcohol and carbon dioxide. Another step of the method may include contacting the second region of the electrochemical cell with an anolyte comprising the alcohol. Further, the method may include a step of applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to produce a first product recoverable from the first region and a second product recoverable from the second region. | 06-06-2013 |
| 20130292262 | Purification of Carbon Dioxide from a Mixture of Gases - A method for purification of carbon dioxide from a mixture of gases is disclosed. The method generally includes steps (A) and (B). Step (A) may bubble the gases into a solution of an electrolyte and a catalyst in an electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell may include an anode in a first cell compartment and a cathode in a second cell compartment. The cathode generally reduces the carbon dioxide into one or more compounds. The anode may oxidize at least one of the compounds into the carbon dioxide. Step (B) may separate the carbon dioxide from the solution. | 11-07-2013 |
| 20140021042 | Electrochemical Production of Urea from NOx and Carbon Dioxide - Methods and systems for electrochemical production of urea are disclosed. A method may include, but is not limited to, steps (A) to (B). Step (A) may introduce carbon dioxide and NOx to a solution of an electrolyte and a heterocyclic catalyst in an electrochemical cell. The divided electrochemical cell may include an anode in a first cell compartment and a cathode in a second cell compartment. The cathode may reduce the carbon dioxide and the NOx into a first sub-product and a second sub-product, respectively. Step (B) may combine the first sub-product and the second sub-product to produce urea. | 01-23-2014 |
| 20140021060 | Heterocycle Catalyzed Electrochemical Process - A method for heterocycle catalyzed electrochemical reduction of a carbonyl compound is disclosed. The method generally includes steps (A) to (C). Step (A) may introduce the carbonyl compound into a solution of an electrolyte and a heterocycle catalyst in a divided electrochemical cell. The divided electrochemical cell may include an anode in a first cell compartment and a cathode in a second cell compartment. The cathode generally reduces the carbonyl compound to at least one aldehyde compound. Step (B) may vary which of the aldehyde compounds is produced by adjusting one or more of (i) a cathode material, (ii) the electrolyte, (iii) the heterocycle catalyst, (iv) a pH level and (v) an electrical potential. Step (C) may separate the aldehyde compounds from the solution. | 01-23-2014 |
| 20140027303 | Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Carboxylic Acids, Glycols, and Carboxylates - Methods and systems for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to carboxylic acids, glycols, and carboxylates are disclosed. A method may include, but is not limited to, steps (A) to (D). Step (A) may introduce water to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell. The first compartment may include an anode. Step (B) may introduce carbon dioxide to a second compartment of the electrochemical cell. The second compartment may include a solution of an electrolyte and a cathode. Step (C) may apply an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode in the electrochemical cell sufficient to reduce the carbon dioxide to a carboxylic acid intermediate. Step (D) may contact the carboxylic acid intermediate with hydrogen to produce a reaction product. | 01-30-2014 |
| 20140034506 | System and Method for Oxidizing Organic Compounds While Reducing Carbon Dioxide - Methods and systems for electrochemically generating an oxidation product and a reduction product may include one or more operations including, but not limited to: receiving a feed of at least one organic compound into an anolyte region of an electrochemical cell including an anode; at least partially oxidizing the at least one organic compound at the anode to generate at least carbon dioxide; receiving a feed including carbon dioxide into a catholyte region of the electrochemical cell including a cathode; and at least partially reducing carbon dioxide to generate a reduction product at the cathode. | 02-06-2014 |
| 20140367274 | Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 with Co-Oxidation of an Alcohol - The present disclosure is a system and method for producing a first product from a first region of an electrochemical cell having a cathode and a second product from a second region of the electrochemical cell having an anode. The method may include the step of contacting the first region of the electrochemical cell with a catholyte comprising an alcohol and carbon dioxide. Another step of the method may include contacting the second region of the electrochemical cell with an anolyte comprising the alcohol. Further, the method may include a step of applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to produce a first product recoverable from the first region and a second product recoverable from the second region. | 12-18-2014 |
| 20150047987 | Heterocycle Catalyzed Electrochemical Process - A method for heterocycle catalyzed electrochemical reduction of a carbonyl compound is disclosed. The method generally includes steps (A) to (C). Step (A) may introduce the carbonyl compound into a solution of an electrolyte and a heterocycle catalyst in a divided electrochemical cell. The divided electrochemical cell may include an anode in a first cell compartment and a cathode in a second cell compartment. The cathode generally reduces the carbonyl compound to at least one aldehyde compound. Step (B) may vary which of the aldehyde compounds is produced by adjusting one or more of (i) a cathode material, (ii) the electrolyte, (iii) the heterocycle catalyst, (iv) a pH level and (v) an electrical potential. Step (C) may separate the aldehyde compounds from the solution. | 02-19-2015 |
| 20150218716 | Reducing Carbon Dioxide to Products with an Indium Oxide Electrode - A method reducing carbon dioxide to one or more organic products may include steps (A) to (E). Step (A) may introduce an anolyte to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell. The first compartment may include an anode. Step (B) may introduce a catholyte and carbon dioxide to a second compartment of the electrochemical cell. Step (C) may oxidize an indium cathode to produce an oxidized indium cathode. Step (D) may introduce the oxidized indium cathode to the second compartment. Step (E) may apply an electrical potential between the anode and the oxidized indium cathode sufficient for the oxidized indium cathode to reduce the carbon dioxide to a reduced product. | 08-06-2015 |
| 20150337444 | Electrochemical Production of Butanol from Carbon Dioxide and Water - Methods and systems for electrochemical production of butanol are disclosed. A method may include, but is not limited to, steps (A) to (D). Step (A) may introduce water to a first compartment of an electrochemical cell. The first compartment may include an anode. Step (B) may introduce carbon dioxide to a second compartment of the electrochemical cell. The second compartment may include a solution of an electrolyte, a catalyst, and a cathode. Step (C) may apply an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode in the electrochemical cell sufficient for the cathode to reduce the carbon dioxide to a product mixture. Step (D) may separate butanol from the product mixture. | 11-26-2015 |
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| 20090157851 | Migrating Port-Specific Operating Parameters During Blade Server Failover - Migrating port-specific operating parameters during blade server failover including querying, by a system management server of a data center, a switch for port-specific operating parameters of a first port, the data center comprising blade servers coupled for data communications to one another and to the system management server by a network, the system management server comprising a computer subsystem that automates server management processes in the data center, the switch comprising a data communications component of the network, the switch comprising ports, the ports comprising physical points of connection between the switch and blade servers, each port having associated port-specific operating parameters, the switch connected at the first port to a failing blade server; and assigning, by the system management server, the port-specific operating parameters to a second port in a same switch or another switch connected at the second port to a replacement blade server. | 06-18-2009 |
| 20090157858 | Managing Virtual Addresses Of Blade Servers In A Data Center - Methods, apparatus, and products for managing virtual addresses of blade servers in a data center are disclosed that include storing, by a blade server management module (‘BSMM’) in non-volatile memory of a blade server, a parameter block, the parameter block including one or more virtual addresses for communications adapters of the blade server and one or more action identifiers; detecting, by a BIOS module of the blade server upon powering on the blade server, the parameter block; disabling, by the BIOS module, in dependence upon the one or more action identifiers of the parameter block, an original address of at least one communications adapter of the blade server; and setting, by the BIOS module, an address of the communications adapter to a virtual address included in the parameter block. | 06-18-2009 |
| 20090157941 | Managing Virtual Addresses Of Blade Servers In A Data Center - Methods, apparatus, and products for managing virtual addresses of blade servers in a data center are disclosed that include storing by a blade server management module (‘BSMM’), in non-volatile memory of a blade server, a parameter block, the parameter block including one or more virtual addresses for communications adapters of the blade server and one or more action identifiers, each action identifier representing a type of address modification; detecting, by a basic input-output system (‘BIOS’) module of the blade server upon powering on the blade server, the parameter block; and modifying, by the BIOS module of the blade server in dependence upon the one or more action identifiers of the parameter block, an address of at least one communications adapter of the blade server. | 06-18-2009 |
| 20090158081 | Failover Of Blade Servers In A Data Center - Failover of blade servers in a data center including powering off a failing blade server by a system management server through a blade server management module (‘BSMM’) managing the failing blade server, the failing blade server characterized by a machine type, one or more network addresses, and one or more storage addresses, the addresses being virtual addresses; identifying, by the system management server from a pool of standby blade servers, a replacement blade server, the replacement blade server managed by a BSMM; assigning, by the system management server through the BSMM managing the replacement blade server, the one or more network addresses and the one or more storage addresses of the failing blade server to the replacement blade server, including enabling in the replacement blade server the assigned addresses; and powering on the replacement blade server by the system management server through the BSMM managing the replacement blade server. | 06-18-2009 |
| 20120203875 | Migrating Port-Specific Operating Parameters During Blade Server Failover - Migrating port-specific operating parameters during blade server failover including querying, by a system management server of a data center, a switch for port-specific operating parameters of a first port, the data center comprising blade servers coupled for data communications to one another and to the system management server by a network, the system management server comprising a computer subsystem that automates server management processes in the data center, the switch comprising a data communications component of the network, the switch comprising ports, the ports comprising physical points of connection between the switch and blade servers, each port having associated port-specific operating parameters, the switch connected at the first port to a failing blade server; and assigning, by the system management server, the port-specific operating parameters to a second port in a same switch or another switch connected at the second port to a replacement blade server. | 08-09-2012 |
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| 20110191346 | DYNAMICALLY-CREATED PYRAMID TO DELIVER CONTENT - Dynamically-created content may be rendered in the form of a virtual image pyramid, and tiles of the pyramid may be provided for display. In one example, a user interacts with a server-based application, and the application dynamically generates visual content to be shown to the user. Based on the application's interaction with the user, or based on some other type of state information, the application determines the appropriate magnification level at which to show content to the user, and also determines the particular spatial region of the content to show to the user. This content is rendered onto one or more tiles, and the one or more tiles are delivered to the user. In this way, tiles are created and may be rendered as if there were an image pyramid of the dynamically-created content. | 08-04-2011 |
| 20110295863 | EXPOSING METADATA RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH FILTER INTERPLAY - Embodiments are disclosed that relate to exposing metadata relationships through filter interplay. One embodiment provides a method comprising filtering a collection of items according to a first and a second metadata category to form an original subset of items that comprise metadata values for each of the categories. The method further comprises displaying a first and a second interactive filter view illustrating the original subset arranged according to their respective metadata values. The method further comprises receiving user input modifying an original range of metadata values of the first metadata category to form a modified range, determining a modified subset of items that comprise metadata values of the first metadata category falling within the modified range and that also comprise metadata values of the second metadata category, and modifying the second interactive filter view to illustrate the modified subset. | 12-01-2011 |
| 20110316884 | ALTERNATIVE SEMANTICS FOR ZOOM OPERATIONS IN A ZOOMABLE SCENE - A scene comprising a set of visual elements may allow a user to perform “zoom” operations in order to navigate the depth of the scene. The “zoom” semantic is often applied to simulate optical visual depth, wherein the visual elements are presented with different visual dimensions and visual resolution to simulate physical proximity or distance. However, the “zoom” semantic may be alternatively applied to other aspects of the visual elements of a scene, such as a user selection of a zoomed-in visual element, a “drill-down” operation on a data set, or navigation through a portal in a first data set to view a second data set. These alternative “zoom” semantics may be achieved by presenting the effects of a “zoom” operation within the scene on the visual presentation of the visual element in a manner other than an adjustment of the visual dimensions and resolution of the visual element. | 12-29-2011 |
| 20150124000 | ALTERNATIVE SEMANTICS FOR ZOOM OPERATIONS IN A ZOOMABLE SCENE - A scene comprising a set of visual elements may allow a user to perform “zoom” operations in order to navigate the depth of the scene. The “zoom” semantic is often applied to simulate optical visual depth, wherein the visual elements are presented with different visual dimensions and visual resolution to simulate physical proximity or distance. However, the “zoom” semantic may be alternatively applied to other aspects of the visual elements of a scene, such as a user selection of a zoomed-in visual element, a “drill-down” operation on a data set, or navigation through a portal in a first data set to view a second data set. These alternative “zoom” semantics may be achieved by presenting the effects of a “zoom” operation within the scene on the visual presentation of the visual element in a manner other than an adjustment of the visual dimensions and resolution of the visual element. | 05-07-2015 |
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| 20090218488 | BEAM POSITIONING FOR BEAM PROCESSING - An improved method and apparatus of beam processing corrects for beam drift while a beam is processing a sample. The beam position is aligned using a fiducial that is sufficiently near the working area so that the fiducial can be imaged and the sample processed without a stage moving. During processing, the beam positioning is corrected for drift using a model that predicts the drift. | 09-03-2009 |
| 20110272592 | Encapsulation of Electrodes in Solid Media for use in conjunction with Fluid High Voltage Isolation - An inductively-coupled plasma source for a focused charged particle beam system includes a conductive shield that provides improved electrical isolation and reduced capacitive RF coupling and a dielectric fluid that insulates and cools the plasma chamber. The conductive shield may be enclosed in a solid dielectric media. The dielectric fluid may be circulated by a pump or not circulated by a pump. A heat tube can be used to cool the dielectric fluid. | 11-10-2011 |
| 20130134855 | System for Attachment of an Electrode into an Inductively Coupled Plasma Source - An inductively coupled plasma charged particle source for focused ion beam systems includes a plasma reaction chamber with a removably attached source electrode. A fastening mechanism connects the source electrode with the plasma reaction chamber and allows for a heat-conductive, vacuum seal to form. With a removable source electrode, improved serviceability and reuse of the plasma source tube are now possible. | 05-30-2013 |
| 20130328246 | Lamella creation method and device using fixed-angle beam and rotating sample stage - A system for creating a substantially planar face in a substrate, the system including directing one or more beams at a first surface of a substrate to remove material from a first location, the beam being offset from a normal to the first surface by a curtaining angle; sweeping the one or more beams in a plane that is perpendicular to the first surface to mill one or more initial cuts, the initial cuts exposing a second surface that is substantially perpendicular to the first surface; rotating the substrate about an axis other than an axis normal to the first beam or parallel to the first beam; directing the first beam at the second surface to remove additional material from the substrate without changing the curtaining angle; and scanning the one or more beams in across the second surface to mill one or more finishing cuts. | 12-12-2013 |
| 20150102230 | High Voltage Isolation of an Inductively Coupled Plasma Ion Source with a Liquid that is not Actively Pumped - An inductively-coupled plasma source for a focused charged particle beam system includes a plasma chamber and a fluid that is not actively pumped surrounding the plasma chamber for providing high voltage isolation between the plasma chamber and nearby parts which are at ground potential, such as a conductive shield. One or more cooling devices cool the plasma chamber by using evaporative cooling and heat pipes to dissipate the heat from the plasma chamber into a surrounding environment. | 04-16-2015 |
| 20150357166 | METHOD FOR ATTACHMENT OF AN ELECTRODE INTO AN INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA - An inductively coupled plasma charged particle source for focused ion beam systems includes a plasma reaction chamber with a removably attached source electrode. A fastening mechanism connects the source electrode with the plasma reaction chamber and allows for a heat-conductive, vacuum seal to form. With a removable source electrode, improved serviceability and reuse of the plasma source tube are now possible. | 12-10-2015 |
