44th week of 2013 patent applcation highlights part 49 |
Patent application number | Title | Published |
20130288293 | Biological Markers for Tracking Distinctive Cellular Events and Uses Thereof - The invention relates to the field of medicine. More particularly, described herein are biological markers associated with phenotypical and/or genotypical alterations in a cell and to methods for assessing mammalian cells. Also described are methods for assessing the condition of a population of cells, methods for assessing carcinogenicity of compounds and methods for quantitatively determine the quality of cell populations. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288294 | DETECTION OF MICROORGANISMS INVOLVED IN METABOLISM OF ORGANIC ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS - A method and point of use kit to determine under field conditions the presence and/or amount of a selected | 2013-10-31 |
20130288295 | Method and System for Detection and/or Characterization of a Biological Particle in a Sample - The present invention provides a method and system for monitoring, detecting, and/or characterizing a biological particle that may be present in a sample whereby the method may be accomplished non-invasively by utilizing a time-dependent spectroscopic technique to obtain at least two measurements of a growth composition comprising a sample and correlating said measurements for the detection and/or characterization of a biological particle, that may be present in the sample. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288296 | Methods of Pretreating Cellulosic Material with a Family 61 Polypeptide - The present invention relates to methods of degrading or converting a cellulosic material pretreated with a composition comprising one or more GH61 polypeptides. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288297 | ARTIFICIAL BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS PRODUCED BY SELF-ASSEMBLY OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC UNICELLS - Methods for the self-assembly of photosynthetic unicells into a multicellular shape are provided. DNA constructs as well as methods for integration of the DNA constructs into the genomes of photosynthetic unicells for the expression of cell wall proteins or cell adhesion molecules for the self-assembly of photosynthetic unicells into a multicellular shape are also disclosed. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288298 | Promoters for Expressing Genes in a Fungal cell - The present invention relates to isolated promoters and constructs, vectors, and fungal host cells comprising such promoters operably linked to polynucleotides encoding polypeptides. The present invention also relates to methods for producing such polypeptides. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288299 | Polypeptides Having Cellobiohydrolase Activity and Polynucleotides Encoding Same - The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having cellobiohydrolase activity and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288300 | Polypeptides Having Cellulolytic Enhancing Activity and Polynucleotides Encoding Same - Provided are isolated polypeptides having cellulolytic enhancing activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. Also provided are nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288301 | Polypeptides Having Endoglucanase Activity and Polynucleotides Encoding Same - The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having endoglucanase activity, catalytic domains, cellulose binding domains and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, catalytic domains or cellulose binding domains. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides, catalytic domains or cellulose binding domains. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288302 | HUMANIZED ANTI-BETA7 ANTAGONISTS AND USES THEREFOR - The invention provides therapeutic anti-beta7 antibodies, compositions comprising, and methods of using these antibodies. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288303 | Humanized c-Kit Antibody - This invention relates to compositions and methods for treating c-Kit associated disorders such as fibrosis, and more particularly, to compositions containing humanized c-Kit antibodie | 2013-10-31 |
20130288304 | POLYNUCLEOTIDES ENCODING ANTIBODIES THAT BIND BOTH IL-17A AND IL-17F - The present invention relates to blocking, inhibiting, reducing, antagonizing or neutralizing the activity of IL-17A and IL-17F. IL-17A and IL-17F are cytokines that are involved in inflammatory processes and human disease. The present invention includes antibodies that bind both IL-17A and IL-17F, hybridomas that produce the antibodies, and methods of using the same in inflammation. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288305 | ANTI-FGFR2 ANTIBODIES - Monoclonal antibodies that bind and inhibit biological activities of human FGFR2 are disclosed. The antibodies can be used to treat cell proliferative diseases and disorders, including certain forms of cancer, associated with activation or overexpression of FGFR2. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288306 | FUSION PROTEIN AND USE THEREOF - The invention relates to a fusion protein and a method for the generation of the fusion protein of the invention. Further, the invention relates to the use of the fusion protein of the invention for the generation of induced pluripotent cells. Moreover, the invention relates to a composition comprising at least one fusion protein of the invention. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288307 | Processing Biomass Containing Materials - Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288308 | Soybean-Based Fermentation Media, Methods of Making and Use - Fermentation media containing an isoflavone-depleted soybean meal or isoflavone-depleted soybean meal product and at least one exogenous added ingredient that comprises a substrate for microbial growth are provided. Methods of making a fermentation medium comprising an isoflavone-depleted soybean meal or isoflavone-depleted soybean meal product and methods for obtaining a fermentation product are also provided. The present invention is further directed to fermentation broths obtained by the media and methods. The present invention is also directed to feed additives produced from fermentation broths obtained by the methods. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288309 | PRODUCTION OF MALTOTETRAOSE SYRUP USING A PSEUDOMONAS SACCHAROPHILA MALTOTETRAOHYDROLASE VARIANT - Variants of a | 2013-10-31 |
20130288310 | RECOMBINANT LIGNOCELLULOSE DEGRADATION ENZYMES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SOLUBLE SUGARS FROM CELLULOSIC BIOMASS - The invention relates to C1 lignocellulose degradation enzyme nucleic acid and protein sequences and expression of recombinant C1 lignocellulose degradation enzymes. The invention provides methods for degrading a cellulosic biomass by contacting the biomass with a recombinant C1 lignocellulose degradation enzyme of the invention. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288311 | CELLULOSE SACCHARIFICATION APPARATUS, BIOMASS SACCHARIFICATION APPARATUS, FERMENTATION APPARATUS AND CELLULOSE SACCHARIFICATION METHOD - A fermentation apparatus (A) of the present invention comprising: an enzymatic reactor ( | 2013-10-31 |
20130288312 | TREATMENT METHOD FOR BIOMASS TO MAXIMIZE SUGAR YIELD, AND ADDITIVE USED IN SAME - Disclosed is a treatment method of biomass to maximize sugar yield, which uses a specific additive which can effectively adsorb lignin-derived compounds and various inhibitors of the enzymatic activity to promote saccharification of cellulose catalyzed by cellulose hydrolases, and thus can maximize sugar yield from pretreated biomass. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288313 | Method of Producing L-Amino Acid - An L-amino acid is produced by culturing a microorganism belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae having an L-amino acid-producing ability and modified so that glycerol dehydrogenase and dihydroxyacetone kinase activities are increased, in a medium containing glycerol as a carbon source to produce and accumulate an L-amino acid in the medium or cells, and collecting the L-amino acid from the medium or the cells. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288314 | PROTECTIVE STRUCTURE OF SUBSTANCE TO BE PROTECTED, METHOD OF PROTECTING SUBSTANCE TO BE PROTECTED, ENZYMATIC REACTION METHOD, METHOD OF PRODUCING REACTION PRODUCT, METHOD FOR ADJUSTING THE SPEED OF ENZYMATIC REACTION, AND ENZYME MATERIAL USE KIT - Disclosed are a structure and a method capable of protecting from outside stimuli while containing in a liquid state a water-dispersible substance to be protected. The protective structure of the substance to be protected is a water-in-oil emulsion structure comprising an aqueous phase configuring a discontinuous phase containing the water-dispersible substance to be protected, an oil phase in which said aqueous phase is dispersed, and either vesicles formed with an amphiphilic substance which spontaneously forms vesicles or polycondensation polymer particles having hydroxyl groups. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288315 | Nitrilases - The invention relates to a nitrilase having improved activity in the reaction of a nitrile to form the corresponding carboxylic acid, in particular with respect to reacting 2-methylglutaronitrile, 1-(cyanomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile, and benzonitrile. The nitrilase according to the invention is related to nitrilase from | 2013-10-31 |
20130288316 | ENZYMES USEFUL FOR PERACID PRODUCTION - Acetyl xylan esterases and variants thereof having perhydrolytic activity are provided for producing peroxycarboxylic acids from carboxylic acid esters and a source of peroxygen. Multi-component peracid generation systems comprising an enzyme catalyst having perhydrolytic activity are also provided, as are methods of using the present enzyme catalyst to produce peroxycarboxylic acids. The polypeptide having perhydrolytic activity may be used to produce peroxycarboxylic acids suitable for use in a variety of applications such as cleaning, disinfecting, sanitizing, bleaching, wood pulp processing, paper pulp processing, and personal care applications. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288317 | INCREASED YIELDS OF PHAS FROM HYDROGEN FEEDING AND DIVERSE CARBON FIXATION PATHWAYS - Disclosed are methods including organisms genetically engineered to make useful products when grown on glucose as a carbon source. The organisms are genetically engineered to produce various useful products such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) monomers, polymers, and copolymers, diols, alcohols, and other useful chemicals. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288318 | HIGH OLEIC ACID OILS - The present invention relates to extracted lipid with high levels, for example 90% to 95% by weight, oleic acid. The present invention also provides genetically modified plants, particularly oilseeds such as safflower, which can used to produce the lipid. Furthermore, provided are methods for genotyping and selecting plants which can be used to produce the lipid. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288319 | USE OF MONASCUS IN ORGANIC ACID PRODUCTION - The present invention provides tools and methods for producing organic acids using strains of | 2013-10-31 |
20130288320 | METHODS AND MICROORGANISMS FOR INCREASING THE BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF DIFUNCTIONAL ALKANES - A method of increasing the production a difunctional alkane in a microorganism that produces a difunctional alkane from alpha-keto acid by increasing the production of homocitrate in the cell relative to a wild-type or parent cell. The production of homocitrate may be obtained by engineering pathways that increase the production of alpha-ketoacid, such as alpha-ketoglutarate. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288321 | Methods for Improved C4-Dicarboxylic Acid Production in Filamentous Fungi - The present invention relates to methods of producing C4-dicarboxylic acids, such as malic acid, comprising: (a) cultivating a host cell comprising a polynucleotide encoding a C4-dicarboxylic acid transporter; and (b) recovering the C4-dicarboxylic acid. The present invention also relates to methods for increasing C4-dicarboxylic acid production, as well as host cells comprising the polynucleotides. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288322 | Method for Degrading Biodegradable Resin - A method for degrading a readily degradable resin composition comprising an aliphatic polyester (A) which is biodegradable, and an aliphatic polyester (B′) which releases an acid upon hydrolysis and which is biodegradable at a higher degradation rate than that of the aliphatic polyester (A), the method comprising degrading the readily degradable resin composition in an enzyme reaction liquid containing a degradation enzyme, and an acid neutralizing agent incompatible with the enzyme reaction liquid. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288323 | MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES - A process for producing medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids in a liquid medium, the process comprising: (i) intermixing a liquid culture medium and a microbial inoculum comprising a pure culture of a | 2013-10-31 |
20130288324 | CYTOCHROME P450 OXYGENASES - Nucleic acids encoding cytochrome P450 variants are provided. The cytochrome P450 variants of have a higher alkane-oxidation capability, alkene-oxidation capability, and/or a higher organic-solvent resistance than the corresponding wild-type or parent cytochrome P450 enzyme. A preferred wild-type cytochrome P450 is cytochrome P450 BM-3. Preferred cytochrome P450 variants include those having an improved capability to hydroxylate alkanes and epoxidate alkenes comprising less than 8 carbons, and have amino acid substitutions corresponding to V78A, H236Q, and E252G of cytochrome P450 BM-3. Preferred cytochrome P450 variants also include those having an improved hydroxylation activity in solutions comprising co-solvents such as DMSO and THF, and have amino acid substitutions corresponding to T235A, R471A, E494K, and S1024E of cytochrome P450 BM-3. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288325 | BIOFUEL AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTION BY RECOMBINANT MICROORGANISMS VIA FERMENTATION OF PROTEINACEOUS BIOMASS - Provided herein are metabolically modified microorganisms characterized by having an increased keto-acid flux when compared with the wild-type organism and comprising at least one polynucleotide encoding an enzyme that when expressed results in the production of a greater quantity of a chemical product when compared with the wild-type organism. The recombinant microorganisms are useful for producing a large number of chemical compositions from various nitrogen containing biomass compositions and other carbon sources. More specifically, provided herein are methods of producing alcohols, acetaldehyde, acetate, isobutyraldehyde, isobutyric acid, n-butyraldehyde, n-butyric acid, 2-methyl-1-butyraldehyde, 2-methyl-1-butyric acid, 3-methyl-1-butyraldehyde, 3-methyl-1-butyric acid, ammonia, ammonium, amino acids, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,4-butanediamine, isobutene, itaconate, acetoin, acetone, isobutene, 1,5-diaminopentane, L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid, shikimic acid, mevalonate, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), isoprenoids, fatty acids, homoalanine, 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA), succinic acid, malic acid, citric acid, adipic acid, p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid, tetrahydrofuran, 3-methyl-tetrahydrofuran, gamma-butyrolactone, pyrrolidinone, n-methylpyrrolidone, aspartic acid, lysine, cadeverine, 2-ketoadipic acid, and/or S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) from a suitable nitrogen rich biomass. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288326 | SYSTEM FOR ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF SOLID AND SOLUBLE ORGANIC WASTES, BY-PRODUCTS AND RESIDUES - The subject invention provides advantageous systems and processes for anaerobic digestion of organic waste streams, particularly agricultural waste streams. According to this invention, a new process is provided in which a liquid fraction from an organic waste stream comprising soluble compounds is segregated and incubated in a reactor separate from the solids fraction of the organic waste stream. Digestion of waste in both reactors occurs substantially simultaneously and both reactors produce biogas (thus both reactors function essentially like single stage reactors but allow for continuous or intermittent loading). According to one aspect of the invention, at least one cross-flow baffle is provided for use in an anaerobic digester to collect biogas and break up clumped solids in the reactor. In another aspect of the invention, packing media for use in an anaerobic digester is provided. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288327 | Novel Microorganism Having High Squalene-Producing Ability, and Method For Producing Squalene by Means of Same - Provided is a strain belonging to the genus | 2013-10-31 |
20130288328 | VISIBLE LIGHT MODULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN HYPOXIA AND DISEASE - The present invention provides methods of using electromagnetic radiation in the visible portion of the spectrum to modulate mitochondrial function in the treatment of various conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, other dementias, hypoxia and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and sensory disorders of the extremities. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288329 | Producing Algae Biomass Having Reduced Concentration Of Contaminants - The present invention is generally directed to a system for producing an algae biomass and wastewater that have reduced concentrations of contaminants. The algae and wastewater treated by the system of the present invention can be combined in a heterotrophic growth system in which the growth of the algae is increased due to the reduced concentration of contaminants. The algae grown in this manner also has a longer shelf life due to the lack of contaminants within the harvested algae. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288330 | CAPSULE FOR NON-FERROUS METAL COLLECTION AND METHOD OF COLLECTING NON-FERROUS METAL - Provided are: a capsule for non-ferrous metal collection that can collect a non-ferrous metal; and a method for collecting a non-ferrous metal using same. The capsule for non-ferrous metal collection comprises capsule contents and a covering section covering the capsule contents, and collects a non-ferrous metal within the capsule for non-ferrous metal collection by means of the capsule for non-ferrous metal collection being immersed in a solution containing a non-ferrous metal. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288331 | PEPTIDOMIMETIC COMPOUNDS AND RELATED METHODS - Provided herein are compounds and methods of using same for the perturbation and/or inhibition of protein-protein interactions. Also provided herein is a data mining method useful for the identification of protein-protein interactions that may be inhibited by these compounds. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288332 | SMALL ENZYME-CONTAINING GRANULES - The invention provides small enzyme-containing granules having an inorganic salt core and an enzyme-containing layer coated over the core, and methods for producing such granules. The majority of the enzyme granules are less than 300 μm in diameter. The granules are suitable for incorporation into compositions such as cleaning, textile processing, and animal feed compositions. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288333 | PROTEIN COMPLEX USING AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN FRAGMENT AND METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF - Disclosed are a protein conjugate with improved in vivo duration and stability and the use thereof. The protein conjugate includes a physiologically active polypeptide, a non-peptide polymer and an immunoglobulin Fc fragment. Since the three components are covalently linked, the protein conjugate has extended in vivo duration and enhanced stability for the physiologically active polypeptide. The protein conjugate maintains the in vivo activity at relatively high levels and remarkably increases the serum half-life for the physiologically active polypeptide, with less risk of inducing undesirable immune responses. Thus, the protein conjugate is useful for developing long-acting formulations of various polypeptide drugs. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288334 | DEGRADABLE CLOSTRIDIAL TOXINS - The specification discloses Clostridial toxins or Clostridial toxin chimeras comprising an inactivation cleavage site, polynucleotide molecules encoding such toxins or chimeras, compositions comprising such toxins or chimeras, and method of producing such toxins or chimeras. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288335 | METHOD TO IMPROVE THE STABILITY AND BROADEN THE PH RANGE OF FAMILY G/11 XYLANASES - The present invention relates to protein engineering, and concerns especially family G/11 xylanases, and genes encoding said enzymes. In specific, the invention concerns | 2013-10-31 |
20130288336 | METHODS OF ACTIVATING CLOSTRIDIAL TOXINS - The specification discloses modified Clostridial toxins comprising an exogenous Clostridial toxin di-chain loop protease cleavage site located within the di-chain loop region; polynucleotide molecules encoding such modified Clostridial toxins; method of producing such modified Clostridial toxins, method of activating such modified Clostridial toxins and methods of activating recombinantly-expressed Clostridial toxins. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288337 | COPOLYMER, COMPLEX AND METHOD FOR RELEASING VIRUSES USING PH-DEPENDENCE OF THE COPOLYMER - A method for releasing viruses includes the steps of: preparing a first negatively charged complex, comprising a plurality of viruses, a plurality of polyethyleneimine particles, and a copolymer; transferring the complex to an acidic region, thereby transforming the complex into a positively charged complex to release a portion of the viruses in the acidic region; and transferring the complex to a non-acidic region, thereby transforming the positively charged complex into a negatively charged complex. One embodiment of the copolymer has the following chemical formula: | 2013-10-31 |
20130288338 | RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUS HAVING HEMAGGLUTININ PROTEIN GENES DERIVED FROM NOVEL INFLUENZA VIRUSES - Provided are a highly-safe recombinant vaccinia virus that is effective in preventing the onset of symptoms due to infection by novel influenza viruses, and a vaccine for the novel influenza viruses containing the recombinant vaccinia virus. This recombinant vaccinia virus is capable of expressing the hemagglutinin protein genes of the novel influenza virus. This novel influenza vaccine contains the recombinant vaccinia virus. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288339 | PURIFICATION OF VACCINIA VIRUSES USING HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY - The present invention relates to methods for purification of Vaccinia viruses (VV) and/ or Vaccinia virus (VV) particles, which can lead to highly pure and stable virus preparations of predominantly biologically active viruses. The invention encompasses purifying a virus preparation in a sterilized way with high efficiency and desirable yield in terms of purity, biological activity and stability, aspects advantageous for industrial production. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288340 | NOVEL METHOD FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS, METHOD FOR PRODUCING MICROBIAL CELLS HAVING NOVEL ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS, AND PRODUCED MICROORGANISMS - An object of the present invention is to provide a microorganism which is novel at the elemental composition level, and to provide a technique for providing such a microorganism. The present inventor has succeeded in causing a microorganism to efficiently contain a non-essential element by decreasing the content of an essential nutrient source for the microorganism, a C source, an N source, a P source, or an S source, and by adding an X compound containing the non-essential element as a constitutive element in a manner to make up for the decreased amount, and then culturing the microorganism. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288341 | MICROBIAL RECLAMATION OF SALINE AND SODIC SOIL - A microbial technology package is disclosed for the reclamation of sodic alkali soils. The method comprises forming an aqueous solution containing mixed microbial composition. The fungus | 2013-10-31 |
20130288342 | POST PROTEIN HYDROLYSIS REMOVAL OF A POTENT RIBONUCLEASE INHIBITOR AND THE ENZYMATIC CAPTURE OF DNA - The present invention concerns compositions and methods of extracting infectious pathogens from a volume of blood. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of creating a fibrin aggregate confining the pathogens and introducing a fibrin lysis reagent to expose the pathogens for analysis. The present invention also concerns materials and methods for removing aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) from a sample. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288343 | BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE HOLDER AND METHOD OF ASSEMBLING A STORAGE DEVICE - Embodiments of the present invention, disclose a biological sample holder comprising a stake of biologically inert material, and a biological sample storage medium fixed to or retained on the stake by a retaining portion. This provides a means of holding a biological sample which is easy to handle and suitable for automation, for example in an array of such holders, allowing processing of multiple biological samples in parallel. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288344 | Bioreactor Outlet Air Conditioning Systems and Associated Methods - A bioreactor outlet air conditioning system ( | 2013-10-31 |
20130288345 | SUBSTRATE PROBE, ENZYME-ACTIVITY DETECTION METHOD BY A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE METHOD AND ENZYME-ACTIVITY IMAGING METHOD - An object of the present invention is to provide a substrate probe capable of detecting enzyme activity with high accuracy and a method for detecting the enzyme activity by a multi nuclear magnetic resonance method using the substrate probe. Multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance is performed by using a substrate probe, which is used for measuring enzyme activity by a multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance method and characterized by containing a enzyme recognition site that is selectively recognized by an active-state enzyme, as at least one constitutional unit, and a group to which at least three nuclear magnetic resonance active nuclei each having a nuclear spin and a different resonance frequency are connected, being present specifically to the enzyme recognition, thereby detecting presence of the substrate probe and the enzyme activity. Alternatively, imaging of the enzyme activity is performed by a multi-dimensional nuclear resonance imaging method. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288346 | LINEARLY SCALABLE SINGLE USE BIOREACTOR SYSTEM - Disclosed is a single-use bioreactor bag design providing substantially equivalent maximum shear rate at the impeller tip and average or bulk shear rate over a range of power per unit working volume and rpm needed for bioculture processing. The uniformity in shear profile of the bag design providing a unique advantage when used as a scale-down or scale-up platform. Also disclosed is a linearly scalable, single-use, bioreactor system for use in carrying out a scalable biomanufacturing process, the system comprising two single-use bioreactor bags of different volumes, wherein the ratio H/D of the height of the working volume H to the diameter D of the tank, or of the bag is equal to about 1.5, and the bulk shear in each of the bags is substantially constant. The disclosed small scale system models larger scale systems from both a shear/scalability/performance basis and also from a validation and regulatory basis. In summary, the 10 L bioreactor system disclosed provides for “linear scalability” by using the same or substantially simulating the same vessel geometry, gas sparging system, impeller shape and type, polymer composition of the flexible bag/components, process control system, and shear rates as larger 50-5000 L systems. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288347 | SCANNING ANALYZER FOR SINGLE MOLECULE DETECTION AND METHODS OF USE - The invention encompasses analyzers and analyzer systems that include a single molecule analyzer, methods of using the analyzer and analyzer systems to analyze samples, either for single molecules or for molecular complexes. The single molecule uses electromagnetic radiation that is translated through the sample to detect the presence or absence of a single molecule. The single molecule analyzer provided herein is useful for diagnostics because the analyzer detects single molecules with zero carryover between samples. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288348 | INSTRUMENTS FOR MIXING THE CONTENTS OF A DETECTION CHAMBER - A receptacle having a plurality of interconnected chambers arranged to permit multiple process steps or processes to be performed independently or simultaneously. The receptacles are manufactured to separate liquid from dried reagents and to maintain the stability of the dried reagents. An immiscible liquid is included to control loading of process materials, facilitate mixing and reconstitution of dried reagents, limit evaporation, control heating of reaction materials, concentrate solid support materials to prevent clogging of fluid connections, provide minimum volumes for fluid transfers, and to prevent process materials from sticking to chamber surfaces. The receptacles can be adapted for use in systems having a processing instrument that includes an actuator system for selectively moving fluid substances between chambers and a detector. The actuator system can be arranged to concentrate an analyte in a sample. The detector can be used to detect an optical signal emitted by the contents of the receptacle. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288349 | SPINNING FORCE APPARATUS - A spinning force system and methods of operation are provided for measuring a characteristic of a sample. The system includes a detection module having a light source for illuminating the sample and an objective being aligned to the light source to define a light path for producing an image of the sample. A rotor is mechanically coupled to the detection module and configured to rotate the light path for applying a force to the sample. The force may include a centrifugal force and other forms of force (such as a viscous drag force) resulted from the rotation. In some examples, the force is applied in a direction that is not parallel to a surface of the sample. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288350 | SENSOR - A sequencer that measures a nucleic acid sequence in a nucleic acid strand includes: a base material having a surface made of silicon, and a fibrous protrusion that is made of silicon dioxide and is directly joined to the surface of the base material made of silicon, wherein a plurality of the nucleic acid strands are fixed onto the fibrous protrusion. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288351 | CELL NUCLEUS OBSERVATION SUBSTRATE AND CELL NUCLEUS OBSERVATION APPARATUS - To provide a technology of staining nuclei of cells, microorganisms and the like by a simple operation and observing their forms. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288352 | Bioindicator - The bioindicator ( | 2013-10-31 |
20130288353 | BIOLOGICAL INDICATOR - A kinase is used in a biological indicator for validation of treatment processes designed to reduce the amount or activity of a biological agent in a sample. The indication can be used for validation of sterilisation treatment. The formation of ATP from a substrate comprising ADP is measured via the liciferin/luciferate system in a luminameter. Thermostable adenylate kinase from sulfolobus acidocaldarius is especially suitable for the validation of procedures to inactivate transmissable spongiform encephalopathy agents. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288354 | BIOVESSELS - Provided are improved vessels for cell culture, cell storage, treatment of cells, and cell therapy. The improved vessels comprise one or more devices temperature indicating devices, elapsed time indicating devices and/or devices that indicate environmental conditions of the vessel contents, such as pH, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration, and glucose concentration. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288355 | SYSTEM LAYOUT FOR AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS - A sample preparation and analysis system ( | 2013-10-31 |
20130288356 | SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING DRUG RESISTANCE IN MICROORGANISMS - The present invention is based on the discovery that drug resistance in microorganisms can be rapidly and accurately determined using mass spectrometry. A mass spectrum of an intact microorganism or one or more isolated biomarkers from the microorganism grown in drug containing, isotopically-labeled media is compared with a mass spectrum of the intact microorganism or one or more isolated biomarkers from the microorganism grown in non-labeled media without the drug present. Drug resistance is determined by predicting and detecting a characteristic mass shift of one or more biomarkers using algorithms. The characteristic mass shift is indicative that the microorganism is growing in the presence of the drug and incorporating the isotopic label into the one or more biomarkers, resulting in change in mass. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288357 | WAVEGUIDE GRATING STRUCTURE AND OPTICAL MEASUREMENT ARRANGEMENT - The present invention describes (bio)chemo-functional waveguide grating structures consisting of at least one (bio)chemo-functional waveguide grating structure unit or at least one (bio)chemo-functional sensor location with beam guidance permitting light beam separation, as well as detection methods for parallel analysis which are marking-free or based on marking. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288358 | MICROFLUIDIC CARTRIDGE - The technology described herein generally relates to microfluidic cartridges configured to amplify and detect polynucleotides extracted from multiple biological samples in parallel. The technology includes a microfluidic substrate, comprising: a plurality of sample lanes, wherein each of the plurality of sample lanes comprises a microfluidic network having, in fluid communication with one another: an inlet; a first valve and a second valve; a first channel leading from the inlet, via the first valve, to a reaction chamber; and a second channel leading from the reaction chamber, via the second valve, to a vent. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288359 | CALIBRATABLE SENSOR UNIT FOR REACTION VESSELS - The invention relates to a reaction vessel with a sensor unit. The reaction vessel comprising a reaction space configured to be connected with the sensor unit that comprises at least one sensor device configured to be calibrated, at least one compartment containing a calibrating agent, and a housing. The sensor unit is arranged to calibrate the at least one sensor device by contact with the calibrating agent before chemical or physical parameters of a measurement substance are measured, wherein the at least one sensor device is further configured such that the relative movement between the at least one sensor device and the at least one compartment is irreversible. The at least one sensor device is movable relative to the at least one compartment from an initial position into a measurement readiness position. The reaction vessel and the sensor unit can be sterilised or are sterilised jointly. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288360 | CELL COLLECTING DEVICE - A cell collecting device is configured to collect target cells from a fluid sample such as blood or physiological fluid. The cell collecting device includes a first filter having a plurality of first pores formed into a size that enables target cells contained in a fluid sample to pass through the first pores, and a second filter having a plurality of second pores formed into a size that enables the target cells contained to pass through the second pores. The second filter is arranged below the first filter in such a position as to filter the target cells. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288361 | NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES AND METHODS OF MODELING - Disclosed are embryonic stem cells and motor neurons derived from mice carrying transgenic alleles of the normal or mutant human SOD1 gene. Also disclosed are in vitro systems employing such SOD1 transgenic motor neurons for the study of neural degenerative disease. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288362 | COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING ADAPTIVE REGULATORY T CELLS - The present invention relates to a method for producing adaptive regulatory T cells from effector T cells by contacting the effector T cells with retinoic acid. Adaptive regulatory T cells produced by this method are Foxp3+, home to the gut, and are refractory to reversion in vivo. As such, such cells find application in the treatment of autoimmune disease and facilitating transplantation tolerance. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288363 | SPARC-DERIVED TUMOR REJECTION ANTIGENIC PEPTIDES AND MEDICAMENTS COMPRISING THE SAME - It is an objective of the present invention to identify SPARC protein-derived peptides that are able to induce human killer T cells and helper T cells having cytotoxic activity to tumors, and to provide a means for carrying out a tumor immunotherapy of patients with various types of cancers overexpressing SPARC. The present invention provides a peptide of any of the following:
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20130288364 | ENGINEERED KINETOCHORES AND USES THEREOF - The invention provides modified DNA-binding kinetochore polypeptides, wherein the modified DNA binding kinetochore polypeptides comprise a heterologous DNA binding domain. The invention further provides engineered kinetochores containing the modified kinetochore polypeptides. Further provided are artificial chromosomes containing an engineered kinetochore. Cells containing an artificial chromosome containing an engineered kinetochore are also provided. Methods for producing and methods of using the engineered kinetochore, artificial chromosome, and cells are also provided. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288365 | Cell Line, System and Method for Optical-Based Screening of Ion-Channel Modulators - A variety of applications, systems, methods and constructs are implemented for use in connection with screening of ion-channel modulators. Consistent with one such system, drug candidates are screened to identify their effects on cell membrane ion channels and pumps. The system includes screening cells having light responsive membrane ion switches, voltage-gated ion switches and fluorescence producing voltage sensors. A chemical delivery device introduces the drug candidates to be screened. An optical delivery device activates the light responsive ion switches. An optical sensor monitors fluorescence produced by the voltage sensors. A processor processes data received from the optical sensor. A memory stores the data received from the optical sensor. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288366 | Synthetic culture platform and methods of using - The present invention provides a synthetic cell culture platform, comprising: a two dimensional and/or three dimensional surface comprising peptides conjugated to said surface and methods of using the platform for increasing cell adhesion, stable attachment and/or proliferation of cells grown on the platform and for promoting differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288367 | CELL CULTURE MODEL FOR ACQUIRED CHEMORESISTANCE OF CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA AND RELATED METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING AGENTS TO OVERCOME RESISTANCE - A method of generating a chronic myelogenic leukemia (CML) acquired chemoresistant culture model is provided. Such a method may comprise providing a naïve blast crisis CML cell line; administering/contacting the cell line with a mutation-inducing dose of imatinib; maintaining a culture of the treated cell line for a period of time until the treated cell line relapses and repopulates the culture; and determining the repopulated cell culture is a CML acquired chemoresistant cell line by detecting a BCR-ABL mutation, wherein the acquired chemoresistance is achieved by a BCR-ABL mutation. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288368 | Compositions for Treatment of Cancer - The present invention provides compositions and methods for treating cancer in a human. The invention includes relates to administering a genetically modified T cell to express a CAR wherein the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain, a transmembrane domain, a costimulatory signaling region, and a CD3 zeta signaling domain. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288369 | dsRNA MOLECULES COMPRISING OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ANALOGS HAVING MODIFIED INTERSUBUNIT LINKAGES AND/OR TERMINAL GROUPS - Morpholino oligomers containing modified intersubunit linkages and/or terminal groups are provided for use within dsRNA molecules. The oligomers are oligonucleotide analogs containing predetermined sequences of base-pairing moieties. Also provided are such oligomers conjugated to peptide transporter moieties, where the transporters are preferably composed of arginine subunits, or arginine dimers, alternating with neutral amino acid subunits. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288370 | CYTOPHERESIS CARTRIDGES AND USE THEREOF - The present invention relates to a cytopheretic cartridge for use in treating and/or preventing inflammatory conditions within a subject and to related methods. More particularly, the invention relates to a cytopheretic cartridge that includes a housing and, disposed within the housing, a solid support capable of sequestering activated leukocytes and/or platelets. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288371 | USE OF PARTHENOLIDE DERIVATIVES AS ANTILEUKEMIC AND CYTOTOXIC AGENTS - The present invention provides compounds of the formula (I) | 2013-10-31 |
20130288372 | FIBRONECTIN BASED SCAFFOLD DOMAIN PROTEINS THAT BIND IL-23 - The present invention relates to fibronectin based scaffold domain protein that bind interleukin 23 (IL-23). The invention also relates to the use of the innovative proteins in therapeutic applications to treat autoimmune diseases. The invention further relates to cells comprising such proteins, polynucleotide encoding such proteins or fragments thereof, and to vectors comprising the polynucleotides encoding the innovative proteins. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288373 | CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF FLT3 LIGAND-RECEPTOR COMPLEX - The present invention relates to the crystal structure of Flt3 and its cognate ligand FL. In particular, the binding interface of Flt3 and its cognate ligand FL has been determined. The present invention also relates to the applicability in modulating Flt3 activity. Methods for the identification as well as the rational design of mediators of Flt3 signaling are disclosed. In an aspect the method comprises a step of employing the atomic coordinates representing the three-dimensional structure of Flt3 and/or FL. In another aspect, the method comprises a step of contacting a candidate ligand with an Flt3 polypeptide comprising the FL binding site or alternatively an FL polypeptide comprising the Flt3 binding site, after which binding is determined | 2013-10-31 |
20130288374 | PROTEIN DELIVERY SYSTEM TO GENERATE INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM (iPS) CELLS OR TISSUE-SPECIFIC CELLS - A novel protein delivery system to generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is described. The delivery system comprises a construct with a receptor binding domain that recognizes a receptor in a somatic cell, a translocation domain that allows the transfer of an inducer into the cytosolic space, and a cargo bearing domain to which the inducer is attached and facilitates transfer of the inducer into the cell. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288375 | Tissue-Specific Extracellular Matrix With or Without Tissue Protein Components for Cell Culture - The present invention relates to compositions and methods for mimicking an in vivo environment for culturing cells in vitro. The in vivo mimicking environment is based on the generation of a tissue-specific extracellular matrix wherein the matrix provides a substrate for which the cultured cell originated from. The tissue-specific extracellular matrix can further comprise a component of a whole tissue-specific homogenate. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288376 | SYSTEM FOR AND METHOD OF SEPARATING GERM FROM GRAINS USED FOR ALCOHOL PRODUCTION - Methods of and device for separating germs from grains used for alcohol production are provided. The principle of density difference is able to be used to separate germs from a slurry. By adjusting the density and/or viscosity of the slurry, higher germ recovering rate is attended. The method of adjusting the density and/or viscosity includes recycling a cook-water to reduce the viscosity of the slurry before fermentation and pre-concentrating a whole stillage at an evaporator and adding a syrup to the whole stillage after fermentation. An air flotation unit is able to be used to increase oil and germ recovery rate. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288377 | COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR MODULATING THE SENSITIVITY OF CELL TO AHAS INHIBITORS - Methods and materials useful for modulating the sensitivity of cells to an inhibitor of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) are disclosed. For example, nucleic acid molecules encoding AHAS large subunits are disclosed as well as methods for using such nucleic acid molecules to transform microbial cells and plant cells, and to confer modulated sensitivity to AHAS-inhibiting compounds onto such cells. Further provided are materials and methods useful for modulating growth, development, activity, and characteristics of host cells and organisms. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288378 | Two-Dimensional Electron Gas (2DEG)-Based Chemical Sensors - Sensors for sensing/measuring one or more analytes in a chemical environment. Each sensor is based on a semiconductor structure having an interfacial region containing a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). A catalyst reactive to the analyte(s) is in contact with the semiconductor structure. Particles stripped from the analyte(s) by the catalyst passivate the surface of the semiconductor structure at the interface between the catalyst and the structure, thereby causing the charge density in the 2DEG proximate the catalyst to change. When this basic structure is incorporated into an electronic device, such as a high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) or a Schottky diode, the change in charge density manifests into a change in an electrical response of the device. For example, in an HEMT, the change in charge density manifests as a change in current through the transistor, and, in a Schottky diode, the change in charge density manifests as a change in capacitance. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288379 | EPOXIDATION REACTIONS AND OPERATING CONDITIONS THEREOF - A method of producing an alkylene oxide includes passing a reaction mixture comprising alkylene, oxygen and a gaseous chlorine-containing promoter species over a supported catalyst containing silver and a promoting amount of rhenium to undergo an epoxidation reaction at a first operating condition. The method further includes subsequently performing the epoxidation reaction at a preferred operating condition. The preferred operating condition is characterized by an efficiency of the epoxidation reaction toward the alkylene oxide where the efficiency is lower than that of a maximum efficiency achievable at an operating temperature corresponding to the preferred operating condition. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288380 | METHOD FOR DETECTING FORMATION OF G-QUADRUPLEX - It is an object of the method of the present invention to specifically detect a G-quadruplex even in the presence of potassium ions. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288381 | PORTABLE EXPLOSIVE OR DRUG DETECTION SYSTEM - Systems and methods are disclosed to automatically detect the presence of a substance on a test swipe by capturing a background image of the test swipe; adjusting the temperature of the test swipe to a predetermined temperature range; capturing an in-situ image of the test swipe after the application of chemical at the predetermined temperature range; subtracting the background image from the in-situ image; generating a difference value from the two images; and searching a known database to identify the substance. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288382 | Electric Pipetting Apparatus, and Method for Operating an Electric Pipetting Apparatus - The invention relates to a pipetting apparatus, for pipetting a fluid sample in accordance with at least one mode of operation of the pipetting apparatus, which is controlled by an operating parameter set, which is associated with a corresponding mode of operation, wherein the electric control device of the pipetting apparatus is designed to automatically store the at least one parameter value set determined by the user to be the at least one historic parameter value set for this mode of operation in the memory device, and is designed to provide, after the operating parameter set for this mode of operation has changed, the at least one automatically stored historic parameter value set for this mode of operation again for the subsequent control of the at least one, same, pipetting process. The invention also relates to a method for operating the pipetting apparatus. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288383 | Highly Sensitive System and Method for Analysis of Troponin - The invention provides methods, compositions, kits, and systems for the sensitive detection of cardiac troponin. Such methods, compositions, kits, and systems are useful in diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of methods of treatment in conditions that involve release of cardiac troponin. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288384 | MAGNETIC IMMUNOASSAY USING AC SUSCEPTIBILITY MEASUREMENT - In a magnetic immunoassay using AC magnetic susceptibility measurement, a signal from non-coupled magnetic particles is prevented to mix with a desired measurement signal from magnetic particles coupled with an object to be measured. A sample vessel in which a mixed solution of an inspection objective sample and the magnetic particles are included is carried by a sample support, such that a precipitation of the magnetic particle coupled with the object to be measured dispersed in the solution by a magnetic field from a dissociating coil is promoted. Next, the sample vessel is carried to the magnetizing coil and the magnetic signal from the non-coupled magnetic particle remaining in a supernatant in the vessel is peculiarly measured by an MR sensor to perform AC magnetic susceptibility measurement with high precision. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288385 | MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED TETRAETHOXYSILANE POLYMER AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME TO DETECT SECOSTEROIDS - A molecular imprinted tetraethoxysilane polymer device for detecting secosteroids, or metabolites thereof, and a method for using the same are provided. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288386 | NANOSCALE CALORIMETER ON CHIP AND RELATED METHODS AND DEVICES - An article comprising: an array of calorimeter devices, wherein the device comprises: at least one fluidic enclosure disposed on a microfluidic chip, wherein the fluidic enclosure is substantially gas impermeable; at least one first chamber and at least one second chamber, wherein the first chamber and the second chamber are disposed within and enclosed by the fluidic enclosure, wherein the first chamber and the second chamber are not vacuum encapsulated; at least two microfluidic channels connected to the first chamber and at least two microfluidic channels connected to the second chamber; and at least one thermal sensor disposed between the chip and the first and second chambers, wherein the thermal sensor is adapted to measure a temperature differential between the first and second chambers. Examples include DSC and TSA devices. Biological binding and melting experiments can be done with high sensitivity. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288387 | ANTI-HLA MONOCLONAL CHIMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN, PROCESS AND KIT EMPLOYING SUCH A MONOCLONAL CHIMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN - A monoclonal chimeric immunoglobulin wherein the heavy chains and the light chains are human by nature in their constant parts, in particular, the heavy chain constant parts are chosen from the group formed of the heavy chain constant parts of an IgA, of an IgG or of an IgM and the light chain constant parts are chosen from the group formed of the kappa chains and the lambda chains, and the light chain and the heavy chain variable parts are chosen from the group formed of monoclonal antibodies specific to monomorphic epitopes of HLA class I antigens and monoclonal antibodies specific to monomorphic epitopes of HLA class II antigens. A process for standardization of the screening and for quantification of anti-HLA antibodies in a liquid medium is also described. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288388 | STAIN-FREE PROTEIN QUANTIFICATION AND NORMALIZATION - Disclosed herein are methods of protein quantification and normalization using haloalkylated tryptophan fluorescence. Complex protein samples, i.e., samples that each contain 1,000 or more distinct proteins, from diverse sources that do not have common protein profiles are treated with a halo-substituted organic compound (i.e. haloalkane) that reacts with tryptophan residues to form fluorescent products. Irradiation of the samples with ultraviolet light and the detection and quantification of the resultant fluorescent emissions from all proteins in each sample are then used to obtain comparative values for total protein content among the various samples. The values thus obtained are found to be valid indications of comparative total protein content, despite the fact that the tryptophan levels vary widely among the various proteins in any single sample and the samples, due to the diversity of their origins, tend to differ among themselves in the identities and relative amounts of the proteins that they contain. Protein samples are also normalized to correct for differences in sample dilution, sample loading, and protein transfer inconsistencies, by using stain-free detection of total protein in each of the samples, or detection of subsamples within each sample. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288389 | METHODS FOR AMPLIFICATION AND DETECTION OF PRIONS - Methods are disclosed for detecting prions and/or prion disease-associated forms of prion protein. These methods provide sensitive and specific identification of prions in both biological and environmental samples. These methods include the use of both immunoprecipitation and an amplification assay that uses shaking in the absence of sonication, such as QuIC(SQ) or RT-QuIC(RTQ). In specific non-limiting examples, the methods include the use of monoclonal antibody 15B3 and/or RT-QuIC(RTQ), and/or a substrate replacement step. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288390 | IMMUNOLOGICAL ASSAY METHOD - [Problem] To provide a so-called competitive immunological assay method capable of more uniformly immobilizing on a solid phase a substance equivalent to an antigen. [Solution] This immunological assay method measures an analyte substance in a sample by using: an equivalent substance immobilized on the solid phase during the execution of the assay, the equivalent substance being immunologically equivalent to the analyte substance; and a labeled antibody for specifically binding to the substance equivalent to the analyte substance. The assay method is characterized in that the equivalent substance is immobilized on the solid phase using: a bond between the equivalent substance and a carrier substance, the carrier substance being a substance to which the labeled antibody does not bind; and a bond between the carrier substance and a specific binding substance immobilized on the solid phase, the specific binding substance being a substance that binds specifically to the carrier substance. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288391 | VARIABLE RESISTANCE MEMORY DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FABRICATING THE SAME - A variable resistance memory device includes vertical electrodes vertically projecting from a substrate, first horizontal electrodes stacked along the vertical electrodes, second horizontal electrodes stacked along the vertical electrodes, and a variable resistance layer interposed between the vertical electrodes and the first and second horizontal electrodes, wherein the first and second horizontal electrodes are arranged in directions crossing with each other. | 2013-10-31 |
20130288392 | Method for Use in Making Electronic Devices Having Thin-Film Magnetic Components - Disclosed herein is a method of forming electronic device having thin-film components by using trenches. One or more of thin-film components is formed by depositing a thin-film in the trench followed by processing the deposited thin-film to have the desired thickness. | 2013-10-31 |