AT&T LABS, INC. Patent applications |
Patent application number | Title | Published |
20130156179 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ROUTING CALLS BASED ON A LANGUAGE PREFERENCE - A method processes and conditionally routes a call. The method includes receiving a call from a caller, determining a telephone number of the caller, and determining if the telephone number of the caller is a telephone number assigned to a specific individual. The method also includes accessing an electronic database to determine a stored language preference of the specific individual when the telephone number of the caller is determined to be assigned to a specific individual, prompting the caller to select a language preference when the specific individual does not have a stored language preference, and storing the language preference selected by the caller based on the prompting in an electronic database. The method further includes routing the call to a predetermined destination based on the stored language preference of the specific individual in the electronic database. | 06-20-2013 |
20130088989 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING A CENTRALIZED SUBSCRIBER LOAD DISTRIBUTION - A method and apparatus for providing subscriber load distribution in networks are disclosed. For example, the method receives capacity data and user equipment (UE) resource consumption data from a plurality of devices that process call control signaling messages within the communication network. The method receives a first request from one of the plurality of devices to re-register one or more selected user equipment, and selects at least one available device from the plurality of devices. The method then re-registers the one or more selected user equipment on the at least one available device. | 04-11-2013 |
20120163563 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ROUTING CALLS BASED ON A LANGUAGE PREFERENCE - A method that processes and conditionally routes a call. The method includes receiving a call from a caller, determining a telephone number of the caller, and determining if the telephone number of the caller is a telephone number assigned to a specific individual. The method also includes accessing an electronic database to determine a stored language preference of the specific individual when the telephone number of the caller is determined to be assigned to a specific individual. The method further includes routing the call to a predetermined destination based on the stored language preference of the specific individual in the electronic database, and routing the call to a first default destination when the telephone number of the caller is determined to not be assigned to a specific individual. | 06-28-2012 |
20120009921 | INTELLIGENT ROAMING SYSTEM WITH OVER THE AIR PROGRAMMING - A communications network administers intelligent roaming capabilities and features in a mobile station. The network includes a central database to store intelligent roaming information corresponding to respective service providers; and a service database to store and forward information corresponding to the intelligent roaming information to be programmed into the mobile station, which information is updated periodically by the central database. The mobile station is connected to a mobile coverage area based on the forwarded information. | 01-12-2012 |
20110206190 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ROUTING CALLS BASED ON A LANGUAGE PREFERENCE - A method processes a call received from a caller over a communication network. The method determines a telephone number of the caller, and accesses an electronic database to determine a stored language preference of the caller, the caller's stored language preference being associated with the caller's telephone number in the electronic database. The method also routs the call to a predetermined destination based on the stored language preference of the caller in the electronic database. | 08-25-2011 |
20110179379 | EMERGENCY FACILITY INFORMATION SYSTEM AND METHODS - A method, computer-readable medium, and system for providing communication circuit information from a communication system database of a communications facility information system via a graphical user interface are provided. A reroute option window that includes at least a circuit identifier input field is displayed on the graphical user interface. A circuit identifier entry is received from the circuit identifier input field. The communications system database of the communications facility information system is accessed, and a reroute path of a communication circuit that corresponds to the circuit identifier entry received from the circuit identifier input field is determined. The reroute path of the communication circuit is displayed on the graphical user interface. | 07-21-2011 |
20110142213 | PROFILE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INCLUDING USER INTERFACE FOR ACCESSING AND MAINTAINING PROFILE DATA OF USER SUBSCRIBED TELEPHONY SERVICES - Subscriber profile data is managed. The subscriber profile data is associated with a communications service subscribed to by a subscriber. A request to retrieve the subscriber profile data is received based upon a client sending a request for the subscriber profile data. The client hosts a user interface configured to allow the subscriber to obtain and update the subscriber profile data. The subscriber profile data is retrieved from the communications network in response to the request to retrieve the subscriber profile data. A request to update the subscriber profile data is received based upon the client sending a request to update the subscriber profile data. An update for the subscriber profile data is forwarded to the communications network based upon receiving the request to update the subscriber profile data. | 06-16-2011 |
20110058663 | GEOGRAPHICAL CALL ROUTING FOR A NON-EMERGENCY CALLING SERVICE - A method for location-based communicating includes defining a first service area and a second service area for a service provider. The method also includes associating, at a memory apparatus accessible to a networked data processing apparatus, the first service area with multiple addresses within the first service area and the second service area with multiple addresses within the second service area. | 03-10-2011 |
20110022963 | METHOD FOR INTEGRATING USER MODELS TO INTERFACE DESIGN - Designing user interfaces includes categorizing users, by at least one processor, into a predetermined number of behaviorally distinct groups each specified by behavioral characteristics. The users are re-categorized, by the at least one processor, into the predetermined number of new behaviorally distinct groups each specified by revised behavioral characteristics. The user interfaces are designed, by the at least one processor, based on describing and modeling at least one of the re-categorized users and the new behaviorally distinct groups. | 01-27-2011 |
20100315549 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ADAPTIVE CONTENT RENDITION - Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and computer readable-media for adaptive content rendition, the method comprising receiving media content for playback to a user, adapting the media content for playback on a first device in the user's first location, receiving a notification when the user changes to a second location, adapting the media content for playback on a second device in the second location, and transitioning media content playback from the first device to second device. One aspect conserves energy by optionally turning off the first device after transitioning to the second device. Another aspect includes playback devices that are “dumb devices” which receive media content already prepared for playback, “smart devices” which receive media content in a less than ready form and prepare the media content for playback, or hybrid smart and dumb devices. A single device may be substituted by a plurality of devices. Adapting the media content for playback is based on a user profile storing user preferences and/or usage history in one aspect. | 12-16-2010 |
20100242113 | DETECTION OF ROUTING LOOPS BASED ON TIME-TO-LIVE EXPIRIES - A method and system for detecting routing loops and time-to-live (TTL) expiry attacks in a telecommunications network are disclosed. The detection of routing loops and TTL expiry attacks can be achieved based on the comparison of TTL expiries occurring on two or more routers in the network. A quantity of TTL expiries associated with a router can be summed. Additionally, a quantity of TTL expiries associated with other routers that are operatively coupled to the router can be summed. A difference between the sums can be calculated and a determination of whether a routing loop exists can be made in response to the difference. | 09-23-2010 |
20100153577 | MULTIPLE MEDIA COORDINATION - The claimed subject matter provides systems and/or methods that effectuate multiple media coordination. The system can include devices and components that coordinate in real time the synchronization of multiple media streams to a multiplicity of diverse devices, distribute the multiple media streams to the various diverse devices, and control the distribution of the multiple media streams to the various devices from at least one of the various devices. | 06-17-2010 |
20100153576 | MULTIPLE DEVICES MULTIMEDIA CONTROL - The claimed subject matter provides systems and/or methods that effectuate initiating, transferring, manipulating, and/or maintaining simultaneous real time streaming of multimedia content. The system can include devices and components that synchronize multimedia distribution to disparate user devices, distribute media streams to the disparate user devices, and provide media control over the media streams by the disparate user devices. | 06-17-2010 |
20100114636 | Method and System of Multidimensional Attribution Analysis - Embodiments are directed to a method, medium, and system for generating a distribution attribution value to analyze distribution of telecommunications services. The method including compiling values for at least three variable elements associated with the distribution of telecommunication services. A first total value being defined as a product of first element values associated with the at least three variable elements. A second total value being defined as a product of second element values associated with the at least three variable elements. The method also including generating an attribution value representing an amount of influence at least one of the at least three variable elements has on a difference between the first and the second total values. The attribution value being calculated using the first and second total values. Also, the attribution value being adapted to at least one of verify and adjust the distribution of telecommunication services. | 05-06-2010 |
20100111280 | GEOGRAPHICAL CALL ROUTING FOR A NON-EMERGENCY CALLING SERVICE - A method for location-based communicating includes defining a first service area and a second service area for a service provider. The method also includes associating, at a memory apparatus accessible to a networked data processing apparatus, the first service area with multiple locations within the first service area and the second service area with multiple locations within the second service area. | 05-06-2010 |
20100098084 | INTERNAL SUBSTITUTION BI-LEVEL ADDRESSING FOR COMPATIBLE PUBLIC NETWORKS - Communications traffic in a network is addressed. An original signal comprising an embedded destination service address is receiving at an ingress capable network device of the network. A database server is queried to obtain an internal routing address corresponding to the embedded destination service address. A transit signal corresponding to the original signal and including at least the embedded destination service address is routed through the network to an egress capable network device of the network according to the internal routing address. The transit signal enables the egress capable network device to restore the embedded destination service address and to forward the transit signal from the network. | 04-22-2010 |
20100058381 | Methods and Apparatus for Dynamic Construction of Personalized Content - Systems and techniques for delivering custom created content to users. As programming content is delivered to a user, the content selected for delivery is continuously monitored. When a point is reached in the delivered content appropriate for delivery of custom created content such as an advertisement, stored user information is examined and analyzed to identify content to which the user is likely to be receptive. Customized content is constructed based on the identification, by collecting and organizing media objects, and the constructed content is placed in the content being delivered. | 03-04-2010 |
20100057575 | Content Detection and Payment System - Systems and techniques for detecting presentations of sponsored content and identifying persons bearing the content. A set of sponsored content items is identified for which a bearer presenting the content item in qualifying ways may receive payment, and a group of participating users is established, with information being stored for the users so as to allow for identification of a user presenting a content item in order to direct proper credit to the user making the presentation. A plurality of video feeds are identified and monitored and any video feed in which a sponsored logo appears is further examined to identify a bearer of the content item. Upon identification of the bearer, presentation of the content item is evaluated and appropriate payment is calculated. Details of content item presentations and payments may be stored in connection with users and evaluated to provide insight into the circumstances surrounding and influencing presentations. | 03-04-2010 |
20100057560 | Methods and Apparatus for Individualized Content Delivery - Systems and techniques for predicting customer response to content and selecting content for delivery to particular customers in accordance with the predictions. As information is delivered to and received from a plurality of customers over multiple communication channels, data streams representing communications between providers and customers are analyzed and selected data extracted therefrom. Linkages are created between data collected from the different channels and data are anonymized. The data are analyzed to create a customer response predictor for each customer that models customer behavior and predicts customer response to advertisements. As content, such as advertisements, are to be delivered to a destination, information from a predictor created using data collected from a customer associated with the destination is used to select appropriate content. | 03-04-2010 |
20100043020 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FINE GRAIN PAYMENT FOR MEDIA SERVICES - Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and computer readable-media for recommending media content, the method comprising generating a playlist representing one or more media segments, receiving comments describing the one or more media segments, transmitting the playlist and received comments to one or more viewers, and charging a fee for displaying the media segment represented by the playlist. In one aspect, the fee charged is paid in full or in part by one or more of a recommending party, a third party, one or more viewer, and an advertiser in exchange for inserting advertising content in one or more of the playlist and the comments. Referral credit can be granted recursively when the viewer recommends the playlist to a second viewer and a second fee is charged. In one aspect, received comments are generated based on one or more of media segment metadata, text or audio comments from a recommending party, and previously generated comments describing the media segment. Statistics representing viewing habits of and personal information about the viewer may be collected for use with an election based on the collected statistics. | 02-18-2010 |
20100042642 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GENERATING MEDIA BOOKMARKS - Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and computer-readable media for transmedia video bookmarks, the method comprising receiving a first place marker and a second place marker for a segment of video media, extracting metadata from the video media between the first and second place markers, normalizing the extracted metadata, storing the normalized metadata, first place marker, and second place marker as a video bookmark, and retrieving the media represented by the video bookmark upon request from a user. One aspect further aggregates video bookmarks from multiple sources and refines the first place marker and second place marker based on the aggregated video bookmarks. Metadata can be extracted by analyzing text or audio annotations. Another aspect of normalizing the extracted metadata includes generating a video thumbnail representing the video media between the first place marker and the second place marker. Multiple video bookmarks may be searchable by metadata or by the video thumbnail visually. In one aspect a user profile stores video bookmarks on a per media and per user basis. | 02-18-2010 |
20100042235 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ADAPTIVE CONTENT RENDITION - Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and computer readable-media for adaptive content rendition, the method comprising receiving media content for playback to a user, adapting the media content for playback on a first device in the user's first location, receiving a notification when the user changes to a second location, adapting the media content for playback on a second device in the second location, and transitioning media content playback from the first device to second device. One aspect conserves energy by optionally turning off the first device after transitioning to the second device. Another aspect includes playback devices that are “dumb devices” which receive media content already prepared for playback, “smart devices” which receive media content in a less than ready form and prepare the media content for playback, or hybrid smart and dumb devices. A single device may be substituted by a plurality of devices. Adapting the media content for playback is based on a user profile storing user preferences and/or usage history in one aspect. | 02-18-2010 |
20090313605 | TOOL FOR PREDICTING FAULT-PRONE SOFTWARE FILES - A method, apparatus, and computer-readable medium for predicting the fault-proneness of code units (files, modules, packages, and the like) of large-scale, long-lived software systems. The method collects information about the code units and the development process from previous releases, and formats this information for input to an analysis stage. The tool then performs a statistical regression analysis on the collected data, and formulates a model to predict fault counts for code units of the current and future releases. Finally, the method computes an expected fault count for each code unit in the current release by applying the formulated model to data from the current release. The expected fault counts are used to rank the release units in descending order of fault-proneness so that debugging efforts and resources can be optimized. | 12-17-2009 |
20090296576 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT-BASED ADAPTIVE CACHING OF VIRTUAL CONNECTIONS - Reducing connection overhead in a communications network includes reusing at least one cached communication channel connecting a source and a destination. The at least one cached communication channel is cached for a variable duration. | 12-03-2009 |
20090248886 | Network-Optimized Content Delivery for High Demand Non-Live Contents - The invention relates to a method of distributing a non-live content stream in a network. The method comprises transmitting an initial meta-file in response to receiving a request for a non-live content stream. The initial meta-file comprises information, and the information identifies a division of the content stream, identifies a multicast source server and a unicast source server. The method also comprises transmitting at least a first portion of the non-live content stream using the multicast source server and at least a second portion of the non-live content stream using the unicast source server. Also, the invention relates to a system comprising a multicast source server adapted to transmit at least a first portion of the non-live content stream in response to transmission of an initial meta-file. The initial meta-file is transmitted in response to receiving a request for a non-live content stream. | 10-01-2009 |
20090190467 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANAGING FAULT IN A MULTI PROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING SYSTEM - A system, method and computer readable media for detecting and managing fault within a network using the network's label distribution protocol transactions. Initially, the system will monitor and analyze all transactions within the network to determine if the network has degraded at or between any nodes in the system. The system can then recognize if there is any failure and determine if the network has degraded past a threshold value that is needed for proper operation. If the network has a failure that is beyond this threshold, it will notify a fault management system and subsequently a ticketing system to notify the user that a failure within the system has occurred. | 07-30-2009 |
20090187410 | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF PROVIDING SPEECH PROCESSING IN USER INTERFACE - Disclosed are systems, methods and computer-readable media for enabling speech processing in a user interface of a device. The method includes receiving an indication of a field and a user interface of a device, the indication also signaling that speech will follow, receiving the speech from the user at the device, the speech being associated with the field, transmitting the speech as a request to public, common network node that receives and processes speech, processing the transmitted speech and returning text associated with the speech to the device and inserting the text into the field. Upon a second indication from the user, the system processes the text in the field as programmed by the user interface. The present disclosure provides a speech mash up application for a user interface of a mobile or desktop device that does not require expensive speech processing technologies. | 07-23-2009 |
20090171890 | Efficient predicate prefilter for high speed data analysis - A method and system are disclosed for operating a high speed data stream management system which runs a query plan including a set of queries on a data feed in the form of a stream of tuples. A predicate prefilter is placed outside the query plan upstream of the set of queries, and includes predicates selected from those used by the queries. Predicates are selected for inclusion in the prefilter based on a cost heuristic, and predicates are combined into composites using a rectangle mapping heuristic. The prefilter evaluates the presence of individual and composite predicates in the tuples and returns a bit vector for each tuple with bits representing the presence or absence of predicates in the tuple. A bit signature is assigned to each query to represent the predicates related to that query, and a query is invoked when the tuple bit vector and the query bit signature are compatible. | 07-02-2009 |
20090161567 | DETECTION OF ROUTING LOOPS BASED ON TIME-TO-LIVE EXPIRIES - A method and system for detecting routing loops and time-to-live (TTL) expiry attacks in a telecommunications network are disclosed. The detection of routing loops and TTL expiry attacks can be achieved based on the comparison of TTL expiries occurring on two or more routers in the network. A quantity of TTL expiries associated with a router can be summed. Additionally, a quantity of TTL expiries associated with other routers that are operatively coupled to the router can be summed. A difference between the sums can be calculated and a determination of whether a routing loop exists can be made in response to the difference. | 06-25-2009 |
20090150925 | System and Method of Providing An Alert - In a particular embodiment, a method of providing an alert related to visual ticker data for display at a display device is disclosed. The method includes receiving media content at a destination device. The media content includes video data, audio data, and visual ticker data. The method also includes generating an alert related to the visual ticker data, providing the media content to a display device and selectively providing data related to the alert to a selected device based on a user preference. | 06-11-2009 |
20090132561 | LINK-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF GRAPH NODES - A method of labeling unlabeled nodes in a graph that represents objects that have an explicit structure between them. A computing device can use a labeling engine to labeled nodes in a graph that are labeled and can identify an unlabeled node in the graph that is structurally associated with the labeled nodes. The labeling engine can label the unlabeled node with the label of the labeled node based on the structural association between the unlabeled node and the labeled node. | 05-21-2009 |
20090086931 | GEOGRAPHICAL CALL ROUTING FOR A NON-EMERGENCY CALLING SERVICE - A method for location-based communicating includes identifying a service provider based on information received from a requesting party at a networked communications apparatus. The method also includes determining whether a plurality of predefined service areas have been defined for the identified service provider. When the plurality of the at least one predefined service areas have been defined for the service provider, determinations are made as whether the requesting party is in one of the predefined service areas. When the requesting party is in a predefined service areas, information specified for a service location for the predefined service area is forwarded to the requesting party. | 04-02-2009 |
20090083258 | Methods and Apparatus for Improved Neighborhood Based Analysis in Ratings Estimation - Systems and techniques for estimation of item ratings for a user. A set of item ratings by multiple users is maintained, and similarity measures for all items are precomputed, as well as values used to generate interpolation weights for ratings neighboring a rating of interest to be estimated. A predetermined number of neighbors are selected for an item whose rating is to be estimated, the neighbors being those with the highest similarity measures. Global effects are removed, and interpolation weights for the neighbors are computed simultaneously. The interpolation weights are used to estimate a rating for the item based on the neighboring ratings, Suitably, ratings are estimated for all items in a predetermined dataset that have not yet been rated by the user, and recommendations are made of the user by selecting a predetermined number of items in the dataset having the highest estimated ratings. | 03-26-2009 |
20090083126 | Methods and Apparatus for Modeling Relationships at Multiple Scales in Ratings Estimation - Systems and techniques for generating item ratings for a user in order to allow for recommendations of selected items for that user. A set of known ratings of different items for a plurality of users is collected and maintained, and these known ratings are used to estimate rating factors influencing ratings, including user and item factors. Initial user and item factors are estimated and new user and item factors are successively added, with the original rating factors being progressively shrunk so as to reduce their magnitude and their contribution to the rating estimation as successive factors are added. When an appropriate number of user and item factors has been estimated, the rating factors are used to estimate ratings of items for a user, and the estimated ratings are employed to generate recommendations for that user. | 03-26-2009 |
20090064128 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR UPDATING DATA IN REMOTE DEVICES - A central host performs an automated method of updating multiple remote devices. In one embodiment, the host recognizes a predetermined download time and, in advance of the download time, transmits a calendar update to multiple remote devices. The calendar update includes the download time, and the remote devices may utilize the download time to set calendar reminders for entering an active state. Within a short time after reaching the download time, the host pushes download data to the remote devices by broadcasting the download data. In one aspect, the host may receive message acknowledgements from remote devices in response to a first calendar update, and the host may automatically transmit additional calendar updates to any remote devices that did not receive the first calendar update. Additional embodiments involve related methods and the terminal devices that receive the updates. | 03-05-2009 |
20090036121 | INTELLIGENT ROAMING SYSTEM WITH OVER THE AIR PROGRAMMING - A computer readable medium that stores a computer program for providing communications service provider information to a mobile station includes a storing code segment that stores data for communications service providers corresponding to market areas. The computer readable medium includes an identifying code segment that identifies at least one communications service provider from the data for communications service providers based on at least one of a class of service and an account of the mobile station. The computer readable medium includes a transmitting code segment that enables transmission of data indicating the identified at least one communications service provider to the mobile station. | 02-05-2009 |
20090034697 | SEQUENTIAL PRESENTATION OF LONG INSTRUCTIONS IN AN INTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSE SYSTEM - A method of presenting instructions to a user sending an incoming communication to a service center includes presenting a menu to the user. The menu includes a plurality of procedure descriptors to the user. The user is presented, according to a selection of one of the procedure descriptors by the user, a sequence of instructions which enable completion of a procedure described by the selected procedure descriptor. The incoming communication is transferred at a position in the sequence of instructions to a representative. The incoming communication is also transferred back to the same position in the sequence of instructions. | 02-05-2009 |
20090030683 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TRACKING DIALOGUE STATES USING PARTICLE FILTERS - Disclosed are methods, systems, and computer-readable media for tracking dialog states in a spoken dialog system. The method comprises casting a plurality of dialog states, or particles, as a network describing the probability relationships between each of a plurality of variables, sampling a subset of the plurality of dialog states, or particles, in the network, for each sampled dialog state, or particle, projecting into the future, assigning a weight to each sampled particle, and normalizing the assigned weights to yield a new estimated distribution over each variable's values, wherein the distribution over the variables is used in a spoken dialog system. Also disclosed is a method of tuning performance of the methods, systems, and computer-readable media by adding or removing particles to/from the network. | 01-29-2009 |
20090024596 | SYSTEM AND APPARATUS TO REPRESENT, STORE, MANIPULATE, AND PROCESS METADATA INFORMATION - Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and computer-readable media to represent, store, and manipulate metadata. The method for representing metadata includes defining a map to metadata stored in a global database for each of a plurality of metadata containers, receiving a query for metadata associated with a file, determining which of the plurality of metadata containers the query requires, and responding to the query based on metadata associated with the file from the global database retrieved using the corresponding map for the determined metadata container. The method for storing metadata includes defining a map for metadata to be stored in a global database for each of a plurality of metadata containers, receiving information to be entered as metadata associated with a file, determining which of the plurality of metadata containers is compatible with the received information, and storing the information in the global database associated with the respective file using the corresponding map for the determined metadata container. Other methods relate to manipulating the metadata. | 01-22-2009 |
20080310613 | ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SINGLE TELEPHONE NUMBER ROUTING - Communications are routed in a communications network based on a location of a requesting party. A communication from the requesting party is received. A location of the requesting party is determined using a geographic address which defines the smallest of two of a set of multiple geographic areas defined by multiple available geographic addresses for the location of the requesting party. A communications destination address for the communication is selected, from multiple possible communications destination addresses, based on the location of the requesting party. The communication is forwarded to the selected communications destination address. | 12-18-2008 |
20080260129 | MULTI-MODAL COMMUNICATIONS METHOD - A method of collecting information includes sending a text markup programming language query script, using a session initiation protocol message, to a communications device. The query script includes at least one location query to determine a location of the communications device. The method of collecting information also includes receiving a response to the query script including at least one response to the at least one location query from the communications device. The at least one response to the at least one location query is automatically generated by the communications device. | 10-23-2008 |
20080228736 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CREATING AND ACCESSING OUTGOING TELEPHONE CALL LOG - Access is provided to network connection data for a user terminal. A query based on a request from a communications device to access the network connection data is received over a first network. The network connection data corresponding to the request is retrieved from a database based on the query. The database is populated with the network connection data and interfaces with a second network over which network connections are established with the user terminal. The network connection data retrieved from the database is forwarded for display at the communications device. | 09-18-2008 |